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COVID-19 pandemic and animals Cases COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals > Cases According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the risk of transmission from animals to humans and vice versa is considerably low but further studies are yet to be conducted. Mice were initially unsusceptible but researchers show... |
Navigation chart Publication Navigation_chart > Publication Individual hydrographic offices produce national chart series and international chart series. Coordinated by the International Hydrographic Organization, the international chart series is a worldwide system of charts ("INT" chart series), which is being develo... |
Spermatogenesis Spermatidogenesis Secondary_spermatocyte > Stages > Spermatidogenesis Spermatidogenesis is the creation of spermatids from secondary spermatocytes. Secondary spermatocytes produced earlier rapidly enter meiosis II and divide to produce haploid spermatids. The brevity of this stage means that secondary s... |
Strain theory (sociology) Role strain theory Strain_theory_(sociology) > Derived theories > Role strain theory In order for the society to continue existing, these obligations must be fulfilled at the volition of the individuals in it, which the theory states is what most people are inclined to do. Due to the fact that... |
Continuity correction Binomial Continuity_correction > Examples > Binomial If a random variable X has a binomial distribution with parameters n and p, i.e., X is distributed as the number of "successes" in n independent Bernoulli trials with probability p of success on each trial, then P ( X ≤ x ) = P ( X < x + 1 ) {\d... |
Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank NMR restraints grid Biological_Magnetic_Resonance_Data_Bank > Content > NMR restraints grid The NMR restraints grid contains NMR restraints data from over 2500 proteins and nucleic acids collected from PDB depositions. The grid is constructed as four subsets of data: The original... |
Cross-correlation Cross-correlation of stochastic processes Cross-correlation_coefficient > Cross-correlation of stochastic processes In time series analysis and statistics, the cross-correlation of a pair of random process is the correlation between values of the processes at different times, as a function of the two ... |
Specific heat capacity Calculation from first principles Specific_heat_capacity > Thermodynamic derivation > Calculation from first principles The path integral Monte Carlo method is a numerical approach for determining the values of heat capacity, based on quantum dynamical principles. However, good approximations can... |
Data model (GIS) Raster data model Data_model_(GIS) > Raster data model The raster logical model represents a field using a tessellation of geographic space into a regularly spaced two-dimensional array of locations (each called a cell), with a single attribute value for each cell (or more than one value in a multi-ban... |
Orbital momentum vector Analogy to linear momentum Conservation_of_Angular_Momentum > Analogy to linear momentum Energy, the ability to do work, can be stored in matter by setting it in motion—a combination of its inertia and its displacement. Inertia is measured by its mass, and displacement by its velocity. Their pro... |
Abstraction (computer science) Considerations Data_abstraction > Considerations As a consequence, automatic methods for deriving information on the behavior of computer programs either have to drop termination (on some occasions, they may fail, crash or never yield out a result), soundness (they may provide false infor... |
Glossary of environmental science G Glossary_of_environmental_science > G greenhouse effect - the process in which the emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere warms a planet's surface. greenhouse gas - components of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect. green manure - a type of cover crop gr... |
Phenomenon-based learning Constructivism Phenomenon-based_learning > Features > Constructivism PhBL is a constructivist form of learning, in which learners are seen as active knowledge builders and information is seen as being constructed as a result of problem-solving. Information and skills are constructed out of ‘li... |
Metastatic tumor Summary Metastatic_cancer This process is known (respectively) as lymphatic or hematogenous spread. After the tumor cells come to rest at another site, they re-penetrate the vessel or walls and continue to multiply, eventually forming another clinically detectable tumor. |
Cellular life Prokaryotic cells Biological_cell > Cell types > Prokaryotic cells Though not forming a nucleus, the DNA is condensed in a nucleoid. Plasmids encode additional genes, such as antibiotic resistance genes. On the outside, flagella and pili project from the cell's surface. These are structures (not present i... |
Atomic theory of matter Discovery of subatomic particles Nuclear_atom > History > Discovery of subatomic particles He concluded that these rays, rather than being a form of light, were composed of very light negatively charged particles. Thomson called these "corpuscles", but other scientists called them electrons, fol... |
Momentum curtain Summary Momentum_curtain Discovered by British engineer Christopher Cockerell, the momentum curtain is a unique and efficient way to reduce friction between a vehicle and its surface of travel, be it water or land, by levitating the vehicle above this surface via a cushion of air. It is this principle ... |
Physical organic chemistry Quantum chemistry Physical_organic_chemistry > Quantum chemistry The energy associated with a particular wavefunction, perhaps the most important information contained in a wavefunction, can be extracted by solving the Schrödinger equation (above, Ψ is the wavefunction, E is the energy, and Ĥ... |
Natural background radiation Cosmic radiation Natural_radiation > Natural background radiation > Cosmic radiation The Earth and all living things on it are constantly bombarded by radiation from outer space. This radiation primarily consists of positively charged ions from protons to iron and larger nuclei derived from... |
Fission product Decay Fission_products > Decay Many of the fission products decay through very short-lived isotopes to form stable isotopes, but a considerable number of the radioisotopes have half-lives longer than a day. The radioactivity in the fission product mixture is initially mostly caused by short lived isotop... |
Nonbonding orbital Electron transitions Non-bonding_orbital > Electron transitions Electrons in molecular non-bonding orbitals can undergo electron transitions such as n→σ* or n→π* transitions. For example, n→π* transitions can be seen in ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of compounds with carbonyl groups, although abso... |
Component (graph theory) Number of components Connected_component_(graph_theory) > Number of components A graph can be interpreted as a topological space in multiple ways, for instance by placing its vertices as points in general position in three-dimensional Euclidean space and representing its edges as line segments ... |
Immunologic adjuvant Adaptive immune response Immunologic_adjuvant > Adaptive immune response First, adjuvants may help in the translocation of antigens to the lymph nodes where they can be recognized by T cells. This will ultimately lead to greater T cell activity resulting in a heightened clearance of pathogen throug... |
Monte Carlo methods in finance American options Monte_Carlo_methods_in_finance > Applicability > American options Monte-Carlo methods are harder to use with American options. This is because, in contrast to a partial differential equation, the Monte Carlo method really only estimates the option value assuming a given s... |
Neural ensemble Encoding Neuronal_ensemble > Encoding This problem is solved by the brain having billions of neurons. Information processing by the brain is population processing, and it is also distributed – in many cases each neuron knows a little bit about everything, and the more neurons participate in a job, the m... |
TP53 gene Role in disease TP53_gene > Role in disease The degradation of the p53 protein is associated with binding of MDM2. In a negative feedback loop, MDM2 itself is induced by the p53 protein. Mutant p53 proteins often fail to induce MDM2, causing p53 to accumulate at very high levels. |
Alternative DNS root eDNS Alternative_DNS_root > Defunct implementations > eDNS eDNS (Enhanced Domain Name Service) was founded by a coalition of ISPs led by Karl Denninger of the Chicago-area MCSNet. It ceased operation in 1998. It served the following domains: biz (general business use), corp (corporations), fam (for... |
Electromagnetic motor Torque motor Electrical_motor > Externally commutated AC machine > Induction motor > Torque motor A torque motor can operate indefinitely while stalled, that is, with the rotor blocked from turning, without incurring damage. In this mode of operation, the motor applies a steady torque to the load.... |
The Annotated Turing Table of contents The_Annotated_Turing > Table of contents Part I. Foundations Chapter 1: This Tomb Holds Diophantus Chapter 2: The Irrational and the Transcendental Chapter 3: Centuries of Progress Part II. Computable Numbers Chapter 4: The Education of Alan Turing Chapter 5: Machines at Work Chap... |
Decentralized identity Technical aspects Decentralized_identity > Technical aspects This reduces the unintended sharing of users' personal data. This is contrasted with the centralized identity paradigm where identity is provided by some outside entity.In an SSI system, holders generate and control unique identifiers c... |
Protein hydroxylation Synthetic hydroxylations Protein_hydroxylation > Hydroxylation reactions > Synthetic hydroxylations Installing hydroxyl groups into organic compounds can be effected by various metal catalysts. Many such catalysts are biomimetic, i.e. they are inspired by or intended to mimic enzymes such as cytoc... |
Hypoxia (environmental) Aquatic hypoxia Hypoxia_(environmental) > Aquatic hypoxia Oxygen depletion is a phenomenon that occurs in aquatic environments as dissolved oxygen (DO; molecular oxygen dissolved in the water) becomes reduced in concentration to a point where it becomes detrimental to aquatic organisms living in... |
Named data networking Overview Named_data_networking > Overview Today's Internet's hourglass architecture centers on a universal network layer, IP, which implements the minimal functionality necessary for global inter-connectivity. The contemporary Internet architecture revolves around a host-based conversation model, ... |
Thomas Bayes Biography Thomas_Bayes > Biography Historian Stephen Stigler thinks that Bayes became interested in the subject while reviewing a work written in 1755 by Thomas Simpson, but George Alfred Barnard thinks he learned mathematics and probability from a book by Abraham de Moivre. Others speculate he was motivat... |
Reactive programming Degrees of explicitness Reactive_programming > Concepts > Degrees of explicitness Reactive programming languages can range from very explicit ones where data flows are set up by using arrows, to implicit where the data flows are derived from language constructs that look similar to those of imperat... |
Aldosterone escape Summary Aldosterone_escape In physiology, aldosterone escape is a term that has been used to refer to two distinct phenomena involving aldosterone that are exactly opposite each other: Escape from the sodium-retaining effects of excess aldosterone (or other mineralocorticoids) in primary hyperaldoste... |
Robotic Process Automation Summary Robotic_automation_software In contrast, RPA systems develop the action list by watching the user perform that task in the application's graphical user interface (GUI), and then perform the automation by repeating those tasks directly in the GUI. This can lower the barrier to the use ... |
Navigation function Stochastic Navigation Function Navigation_function > Stochastic Navigation Function If we assume the transition dynamics of the system or the cost function as subjected to noise, we obtain a stochastic optimal control problem with a cost J ( x t , u t ) {\displaystyle J(x_{t},u_{t})} and dynamics f ... |
Chemical reaction kinetics Surface area of solid state Chemical_reaction_kinetics > Factors affecting reaction rate > Surface area of solid state Also, fireworks manufacturers modify the surface area of solid reactants to control the rate at which the fuels in fireworks are oxidised, using this to create diverse effect... |
Electromagnetic attraction Classical electrodynamics Maxwell's_theory_of_electromagnetism > Classical electrodynamics In 1600, William Gilbert proposed, in his De Magnete, that electricity and magnetism, while both capable of causing attraction and repulsion of objects, were distinct effects. Mariners had noticed that ... |
Egg sac Central nervous system Egg_sac > Description > Central nervous system The basic arthropod central nervous system consists of a pair of nerve cords running below the gut, with paired ganglia as local control centers in all segments; a brain formed by fusion of the ganglia for the head segments ahead of and behin... |
Bead sort Complexity Bead_sort > Complexity Bead sort can be implemented with four general levels of complexity, among others: O(1): The beads are all moved simultaneously in the same time unit, as would be the case with the simple physical example above. This is an abstract complexity, and cannot be implemented in pra... |
Euclidean vector Overview Vector_quantity > Overview Thus two arrows A B ⟶ {\displaystyle {\stackrel {\,\longrightarrow }{AB}}} and A ′ B ′ ⟶ {\displaystyle {\stackrel {\,\longrightarrow }{A'B'}}} in space represent the same free vector if they have the same magnitude and direction: that is, they are equipollent if the... |
Gene isoform PTEN Gene_isoform > Examples > PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) is originally identified as a tumor suppressor gene. Recent studies found that Pten also suppressed axon regeneration in retinal ganglion cells, corticospinal tract, and DRG neurons. So far 3 Pten isoforms (Pten, PtenJ1, and Pten J2)... |
Weight-balanced tree Set operations and bulk operations Weight-balanced_tree > Set operations and bulk operations Several set operations have been defined on weight-balanced trees: union, intersection and set difference. Then fast bulk operations on insertions or deletions can be implemented based on these set function... |
Irregular moon Temporary captures Irregular_satellites > Orbits > Temporary captures The capture of an asteroid from a heliocentric orbit is not always permanent. According to simulations, temporary satellites should be a common phenomenon. The only observed examples are 2006 RH120 and 2020 CD3, which were temporary sa... |
Evolving digital ecological network Digital organisms Evolving_digital_ecological_network > Implementation > Digital organisms While most mutations are detrimental, mutants will occasionally have higher fitness than their parents, thereby providing the basis for natural selection with all of the necessary components fo... |
End stage kidney disease Stages End-stage_renal_disease > Diagnosis > Stages Kidney damage is defined as pathological abnormalities or markers of damage, including abnormalities in blood or urine tests or imaging studies. Stage 3: Moderate reduction in GFR (30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2):. British guidelines distinguish between... |
Combination Number of ways to put objects into bins Combination > Number of ways to put objects into bins }{k_{1}!\,k_{2}!\cdots k_{m}!}}} . The binomial coefficient is the special case where k items go into the chosen bin and the remaining n − k {\displaystyle n-k} items go into the unchosen bin: |
Electrochemical reduction Oxidation and reduction Galvanic_couple > Principles > Oxidation and reduction Chlorine accepts the electron and its oxidation state is reduced to −1. The sign of the oxidation state (positive/negative) actually corresponds to the value of each ion's electronic charge. The attraction of the di... |
Data Matrix Applications Data_matrix_(computer) > Applications The most popular application for Data Matrix is marking small items, due to the code's ability to encode fifty characters in a symbol that is readable at 2 or 3 mm2 (0.003 or 0.005 sq in) and the fact that the code can be read with only a 20% contrast ratio... |
Generative model Discriminative models Generative_model > Types > Discriminative models k-nearest neighbors algorithm Logistic regression Support Vector Machines Decision Tree Learning Random Forest Maximum-entropy Markov models Conditional random fields |
Forensic epidemiology Hill viewpoints Forensic_epidemiology > Methods and principles > Causal methodology > Hill viewpoints It should “ make sense” given current knowledge Analogy: The results of a previously described causal relationship may be translatable to the circumstances of a current investigation Consistency: ... |
Speed of gravity Early theories Speed_of_gravity > Electrodynamical analogies > Early theories However, those hypotheses were rejected.However, a more important variation of those attempts was the theory of Paul Gerber, who derived in 1898 the identical formula, which was also derived later by Einstein for the periheli... |
Georgi–Glashow model Explicit Embedding of the Standard Model (SM) Georgi–Glashow_model > Explicit Embedding of the Standard Model (SM) Note that the T i {\displaystyle T_{i}} are not SM particles and are thus a prediction of the Georgi–Glashow model. The SM gauge fields can be embedded explicitly as well. For that we ... |
Minute ventilation Physiological significance of minute volume Respiratory_minute_volume > Physiological significance of minute volume Blood carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels generally vary inversely with minute volume. For example, a person with increased minute volume (e.g. due to hyperventilation) should demonstrate a l... |
P value Basic concepts P_value > Basic concepts In statistics, every conjecture concerning the unknown probability distribution of a collection of random variables representing the observed data X {\displaystyle X} in some study is called a statistical hypothesis. If we state one hypothesis only and the aim of the stat... |
Biology Genes, development, and evolution Biological_research > Genetics > Genes, development, and evolution Development is the process by which a multicellular organism (plant or animal) goes through a series of changes, starting from a single cell, and taking on various forms that are characteristic of its life cycle... |
Homeostatic response Summary Predictive_homeostasis The receptor is the sensing component that monitors and responds to changes in the environment, either external or internal. Receptors include thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors. Control centers include the respiratory center and the renin-angiotensin system. |
Sustainable lifestyle Power Sustainable_living > Power When on a small scale, however, in the form of single turbines, hydroelectricity is very sustainable. Single water turbines or even a group of single turbines are not environmentally or socially disruptive. On an individual household basis, single turbines are the ... |
Methotrexate Adverse effects Methotrexate > Adverse effects Guidelines have been updated to state that it is safe for a male partner to take at any point while trying to conceive.Central nervous system reactions to methotrexate have been reported, especially when given via the intrathecal route (directly into the cereb... |
Glossary of prestressed concrete terms E Glossary_of_prestressed_concrete_terms > E eccentricity The distance between the centre of gravity of the concrete cross-section and the centroid of its prestressing element(s), at any point along the member. : 27 elastic modulus See Young's Modulus. elongation See tendon extens... |
Classical analysis Sequences and limits Mathematical_Analysis > Important concepts > Sequences and limits A sequence is an ordered list. Like a set, it contains members (also called elements, or terms). Unlike a set, order matters, and exactly the same elements can appear multiple times at different positions in the se... |
Symbol grounding problem Brentano's notion of intentionality Symbol_grounding > Brentano's notion of intentionality Damasio adds the notion of biologic homeostasis to this discussion, presenting it as an automated bodily regulation process providing intentionality to a mind via emotions. Homeostasis is the mechanism th... |
Casimir vacuum Regularization Dynamical_Casimir_Effect > Regularization Other, suitably smooth, regulators may be used as well. The zeta function regulator is completely unsuited for numerical calculations, but is quite useful in theoretical calculations. |
Crystal form Crystal faces, shapes and crystallographic forms Crystal_phase > Crystal faces, shapes and crystallographic forms Galena also sometimes crystallizes as octahedrons, and the eight faces of the octahedron belong to another crystallographic form reflecting a different symmetry of the isometric system. A cryst... |
Heisenberg's inequality History Quantum_uncertainty > History Heisenberg's paper did not admit any unobservable quantities like the exact position of the electron in an orbit at any time; he only allowed the theory to talk about the Fourier components of the motion. Since the Fourier components were not defined at the ... |
Fermi resonance Ketones Fermi_resonance > Examples > Ketones High-resolution IR spectra of most ketones reveal that the "carbonyl band" is split into a doublet. The peak separation is usually only a few cm−1. This splitting arises from the mixing of νCO and the overtone of HCH bending modes. |
Ibercivis Completed projects Ibercivis > Projects > Completed projects The Bioinformatics Unit of the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) developed a platform to allow the automatic simulation of interactions of proteins and small molecules. Its purpose was to find effective drugs to treat serious illn... |
Tensor (machine learning) In fully connected layers Tensor_(machine_learning) > Definition > In fully connected layers In this example the unit values are scalars while the tensor takes on the dimensions of the network layers: x n ↦ X ∈ R 1 × N , {\displaystyle x_{n}\mapsto {\mathcal {X}}\in \mathbb {R} ^{1\times N},} ... |
Ambigram 3-dimensional ambigrams Ambigram > Types > 3-dimensional ambigrams A 3D ambigram is a design where an object is presented that will appear to read several letters or words when viewed from different angles. Such designs can be generated using constructive solid geometry, a technique used in solid modeling, and... |
Machine learning Robot learning Machine_learning > Approaches > Other types > Robot learning Robot learning is inspired by a multitude of machine learning methods, starting from supervised learning, reinforcement learning, and finally meta-learning (e.g. MAML). |
Molecular mechanics Functional form Molecular_mechanics > Functional form The dihedral or torsional terms typically have multiple minima and thus cannot be modeled as harmonic oscillators, though their specific functional form varies with the implementation. This class of terms may include improper dihedral terms, whic... |
Gene Origins of new genes Genetic_transmission > Molecular evolution > Origins of new genes Over long evolutionary time periods, de novo gene birth may be responsible for a significant fraction of taxonomically restricted gene families.Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechan... |
Infectious diseases Microbial culture Infectious_disease > Diagnosis > Microbial culture A single bacterium will grow into a visible mound on the surface of the plate called a colony, which may be separated from other colonies or melded together into a "lawn". The size, color, shape and form of a colony is characterist... |
Directed acyclic graphs Data compression Directed_Acyclic_Graph > Applications > Data compression Directed acyclic graphs may also be used as a compact representation of a collection of sequences. In this type of application, one finds a DAG in which the paths form the given sequences. When many of the sequences share ... |
Matrix 2 of 5 Summary Matrix_2_of_5 Matrix 2 of 5 (also known as Code 2 of 5 Matrix.) is a variable length, discrete, two width symbology. Matrix 2 of 5 is a subset of two-out-of-five codes. Unlike Industrial 2 of 5 code, Matrix 2 of 5 can encode data not only with black bars but with white spaces. |
Oddo–Harkins rule Definition Oddo–Harkins_rule > Definition All atoms bigger than hydrogen are formed in stars or supernovae through nucleosynthesis, when gravity, temperature and pressure reach levels high enough to fuse protons and neutrons together. Protons and neutrons form the atomic nucleus, which accumulates ele... |
Definite Integrals Summary Integral_over_time Today integration is used in a wide variety of scientific fields. The integrals enumerated here are called definite integrals, which can be interpreted as the signed area of the region in the plane that is bounded by the graph of a given function between two points in the r... |
Regularization perspectives on support vector machines Special properties of the hinge loss Regularization_perspectives_on_support_vector_machines > Special properties of the hinge loss The hinge loss, V ( y i , f ( x i ) ) = ( 1 − y f ( x ) ) + {\displaystyle V{\big (}y_{i},f(x_{i}){\big )}={\big (}1-yf(x){\big )}_{+}... |
Fetal liver Metabolism Hepatic_metabolism > Functions > Metabolism The liver plays a major role in carbohydrate, protein, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. |
Broken heart syndrome Diagnosis Takotsubo_cardiomyopathy > Diagnosis It classically mimics ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and is characterised by acute onset of transient ventricular apical wall motion abnormalities (ballooning) accompanied by chest pain, shortness of breath, ST-segment elevation, T-wave i... |
Natural circulation Natural convection Free_convection > Mechanisms > Natural convection All require the presence of an environment which experiences g-force (proper acceleration). The difference of density in the fluid is the key driving mechanism. If the differences of density are caused by heat, this force is called... |
Enzyme engineering Chemical mutagenesis Enzyme_engineering > Approaches > Asexual methods > Chemical mutagenesis Chemical mutagenesis involves the use of chemical agents to introduce mutations into genetic sequences. Examples of chemical mutagens follow. Sodium bisulfate is effective at mutating G/C rich genomic sequen... |
Androgen receptor Non-genomic Androgen_receptors > Function > Mechanism of action > Non-genomic More recently, androgen receptors have been shown to have a second mode of action. As has been also found for other steroid hormone receptors such as estrogen receptors, androgen receptors can have actions that are independe... |
Electrostatic Interaction Atomic forces Coulomb_repulsion > Atomic forces Coulomb's law holds even within atoms, correctly describing the force between the positively charged atomic nucleus and each of the negatively charged electrons. This simple law also correctly accounts for the forces that bind atoms together to f... |
Classical Lie group The classical groups Classical_Lie_group > The classical groups In the sequel, the determinant 1 condition is not used consistently in the interest of greater generality. The complex classical groups are SL(n, C), SO(n, C) and Sp(n, C). A group is complex according to whether its Lie algebra is comp... |
Cell migration Membrane flow model (B) Cell_migration > Molecular processes of migration > Membrane flow model (B) The leading edge at the front of a migrating cell is also the site at which membrane from internal membrane pools is returned to the cell surface at the end of the endocytic cycle. This suggests that exten... |
Barycentric coordinate system Applications Barycentric_coordinate_system_(mathematics) > Generalized barycentric coordinates > Applications Generalized barycentric coordinates have applications in computer graphics and more specifically in geometric modelling. Often, a three-dimensional model can be approximated by a p... |
Interstellar Travel Feasibility Interstellar_space_travel > Feasibility Moving at a speed close to the speed of light and encountering even a tiny stationary object like a grain of sand will have fatal consequences. For example, a gram of matter moving at 90% of the speed of light contains a kinetic energy correspondin... |
Double logarithmic Applications Log–log_plot > Applications These graphs are useful when the parameters a and b need to be estimated from numerical data. Specifications such as this are used frequently in economics. One example is the estimation of money demand functions based on inventory theory, in which it can be as... |
Binary functions Category theory Binary_functions > Category theory In category theory, n-ary functions generalise to n-ary morphisms in a multicategory. The interpretation of an n-ary morphism as an ordinary morphisms whose domain is some sort of product of the domains of the original n-ary morphism will work in a mon... |
Fourier transforms Units and duality Fourier_transformations > Properties of the Fourier transform > Units and duality That is to say, there are two versions of the real line: one which is the range of t and measured in units of t, and the other which is the range of ξ and measured in inverse units to the units of t. T... |
Warfarin sodium Pharmacokinetics Warfarin_sodium > Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics Warfarin has a long half-life and need only be given once a day. Heparin can also cause a prothrombotic condition, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (an antibody-mediated decrease in platelet levels), which increases the risk for thrombos... |
Research ethics Scientific research Academic_research > Forms of research > Scientific research Generally, a hypothesis is used to make predictions that can be tested by observing the outcome of an experiment. If the outcome is inconsistent with the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is rejected (see falsifiability). Howe... |
Mean absolute deviation Median absolute deviation around the median Average_absolute_deviation > Median absolute deviation around a central point > Median absolute deviation around the median The median absolute deviation (also MAD) is the median of the absolute deviation from the median. It is a robust estimator of di... |
ZFS Summary ZFS > Features > Summary Examples of features specific to ZFS include: Designed for long-term storage of data, and indefinitely scaled datastore sizes with zero data loss, and high configurability. Hierarchical checksumming of all data and metadata, ensuring that the entire storage system can be verified on... |
Jacobian curve Summary Jacobian_curve In mathematics, the Jacobi curve is a representation of an elliptic curve different from the usual one defined by the Weierstrass equation. Sometimes it is used in cryptography instead of the Weierstrass form because it can provide a defence against simple and differential power an... |
Rectifier (neural networks) Advantages Rectified_linear_unit > Advantages Sparse activation: For example, in a randomly initialized network, only about 50% of hidden units are activated (have a non-zero output). Better gradient propagation: Fewer vanishing gradient problems compared to sigmoidal activation functions th... |
Data (computer science) Peripheral storage Data_(computer_science) > Data keys and values, structures and persistence > Peripheral storage In those systems, the files could be filled up, running out of data space before all the data had been written to them. Thus much unused data space was reserved unproductively to en... |
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