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72809620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley%20Ferrazzo
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Riley Ferrazzo
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Riley Alexander Ferrazzo (born August 4, 1999) is a Canadian soccer player who plays for York United FC in the Canadian Premier League. Primarily a right-back, he has also played as a left-back, attacking midfielder and winger.
Early life
Ferrazzo was born in Toronto, Ontario to parents of Italian heritage. His father was born in Bojano, Molise and emigrated to Toronto as a child, while his mother has origins in Ascoli Piceno, Marche. He began playing youth soccer with Vaughan Azzurri. Afterwards, he joined the Toronto FC Academy, where he was coached by Danny Dichio and played with the likes of Shaan Hundal, Julian Dunn, Jacob Shaffelburg, Rocco Romeo, and Ethan Beckford, among others.
College career
In 2018, he attended Humber College and played for the men's soccer team. He scored his first goal on September 22, 2018 against the Cambrian Golden Shield. On October 10, he scored two goals in a 3-0 victory over the Conestoga Condors. He scored the winning goal in the championship final as Humber defeated Collège Ahuntsic 1-0 to claim the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association title. He was also named the OCAA Central Division Defensive Player of the Year.
In 2021, he attended Seneca College and played for the men's soccer team.
Club career
In 2016 and 2017, Ferrazzo played with Toronto FC III in League1 Ontario.
In 2018, he joined Vaughan Azzurri.
In 2019, he played for Aurora FC. He was named a League1 Ontario Second Team All-Star.|
In 2021 and 2022, he played for Vaughan Azzurri. In 2022, he was named a League1 Ontario Second Team All-Star for the second time.
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72809761
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Hirsch%20%28bibliophile%29
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Paul Hirsch (bibliophile)
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Paul Adolf Hirsch (24 February 1881 in Frankfurt am Main25 November 1951 in Cambridge, England) was a German industrialist. He was also a musician, bibliophile and musicologist who assembled the largest private music library in Europe. The Hirsch Collection is now housed at the British Library.
Biography
Paul Hirsch was born into a wealthy Jewish mercantile family, the fourth of five children of Anna Pauline (née Mayer) and Ferdinand Hirsch (1834–1916). He had two brothers—Robert von Hirsch (18831977), a noted art collector, and Carl Siegmund Hirsch, a district court judge who died in 1938 in the Buchenwald concentration camp. Ferdinand Hirsch founded Hirsch and Company, an iron works, in 1867. After completing school, Paul Hirsch entered the family business, training in England and France, which also broadened his acquaintance with musicians and collectors.
In 1911 he married (1889–1969), daughter of a Frankfurt banker. They lived first in Beethovenstraße and later at (destroyed in 1944). They had two sons and two daughters.
From 1930 to 1933 Hirsch was vice president of the Frankfurt Chamber of Industry and Commerce. He was also served on the advisory board for export trade, the foreign trade committee of the German Industry and Commerce Association, and chaired the foreign trade office.
Hirsch belonged to the and co-founded the Frankfurt Bibliophile Society (Frankfurter Bibliophilen-Gesellschaft) in 1922, serving as chairman.
He was a member of the German People's Party.
Hirsch died on 23 November 1951 in Cambridge.
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72809829
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helene%20Lecher
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Helene Lecher
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A committed pacifist, Lecher attended the 1921 WILPF Congress in Vienna, wrote articles and urged government officials to adopt policies that would maintain peace and expand women's spheres of interest. She was involved in drafting recommendations for the professionalization of social welfare workers and encouraged the government to develop policies which allowed citizens to present their grievances. She died after being injured in a hit-and-run accident with a bicycle in 1929 and was memorialized for her philanthropic work.
Early life and education
Helene von Rosthorn was born on 8 September 1865 in Vienna, within the Austrian Empire, to Baroness Josefine von Mandorff and . Her father was the head of the Iron and Brass Factory in Oed, but lived in Vienna. The were industrialists who had created the brass industry in Austria. Her maternal grandmother descended from the Esterházy families of Hungary, who provided support for Joseph Haydn and other musicians. The couple had seven children – Alfons (1857–1909), Gisela (1859–1862), Emil (1860–1878), Arthur (1862–1945), Maria (1863–1951), Helene, and Carl (1868–1888). All of the children were tutored at home and learned to read, write and speak English, French, German and Italian. Their primary tutor was Adolf Lorenz, who with his wife, Emma Lecher, were the parents of future Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner, Konrad Lorenz. They were also taught drawing and painting, deportment, and music.
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72809829
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helene%20Lecher
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Helene Lecher
|
After their father's death in 1886, Josefine took the younger children to her family estate in Arad County, Hungary. From a young age, Rosthorn was influenced by a caretaker on her mother's estate over the importance of diet in assisting recovery from illness. Josefine died in July 1890, and in accordance with local custom, upon her death the two surviving daughters, Helene and Marie, went to live with their oldest brother in Prague. Alfons was an obstetrician and gynecologist, who cared for the girls, and in turn, they kept his house. From 1895, Rosthorn was involved in theater productions with the (German School Association) of Prague. The group staged plays, recited poetry, and gave humorous lectures. Around this time, she married Ernst Lecher, a widower, whose first wife, Nathalie Heymann died in 1896. Lecher was the brother of her former tutor's wife, Emma. In 1899, the couple had their only child Grete, who later married Herbert Magg, a cellist for the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Lecher continued to perform, and earned praise for singing with Auguste V. Ludovici the duet of Frau Fluth and Frau Reich in a 1902 presentation of The Merry Wives of Windsor. In 1909, the family moved to a villa at Cottagegasse 30, Vienna, when Ernst was appointed as head of the physics department at the University of Vienna.
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72810602
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon%20Pabuk%20%282001%29
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Typhoon Pabuk (2001)
|
Typhoon Pabuk was a high-end Category 2 typhoon that struck Japan in August 2001. As the tenth named storm and the fifth typhoon of the 2001 Pacific typhoon season, it originated from a tropical depression to the north-northwest of Saipan. It began to develop rapidly, so the Joint Typhoon Warning Center issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. The same agency began to issue advisories on the system; thereafter, the depression was designated 14W. Every agency upgraded the depression to a tropical storm, gaining the name Pabuk from the Japan Meteorological Agency. Pabuk gradually intensified as it moved northwestward, getting upgraded to a typhoon by the JTWC on August 15, with the JMA following suit not too long after. By August 17, Pabuk briefly reached its initial peak strength as a low-end Category 2 typhoon before slowly weakening. The following day, Pabuk began to re-intensify. Pabuk also began to form an eye. By August 19, Pabuk reached its second peak intensity with 1-minute sustained winds of . Pabuk grew in size, and its eye became irregular, hinting on a weakening trend while moving north northeastward. Pabuk weakened to tropical storm intensity when it hit the southern coast of Japan, south of Osaka, on August 21. On August 22, both the JMA and the JTWC issued their final advisories after Pabuk became extratropical. The name Pabuk was submitted by Laos and refers to the Mekong giant catfish. Pabuk brought heavy rain to Japan and damaged fields. Pabuk caused 8 fatalities and caused $421 million (2001 USD) in damages.
Meteorological history
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72811011
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cami%20Stone
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Cami Stone
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Cami Stone (born Camille Honorine Schammelhout; 1892–1975) was a Belgian photographer. She had a certain notoriety in the Berlin of the 1920s, then in Brussels. She was invited to participate in the famous Film und Foto exhibition in Stuttgart in 1929. After her work was rediscovered, her photographs were put up for sale in major auction houses.
Biography
Camille Honorine Schammelhout was born in Vilvoorde, Belgium, in 1892. She died in 1975 in Amsterdam (Netherlands) , at the age of 83. During the First World War, she lived in La Haye and London where her boyfriend, Sasha Stone, a member of the US army met in New York , was stationed . In 1918, she ran an import-export business in New York.
In Paris, she was introduced to photography by Stone. She married him in Berlin in 1922, where they settled in 1918 In 1928, Cami and Sasha opened the Atelier Stone, which produced architectural and advertising photographs. Stone is one of the most important photographers of the Weimar Republic. She portrayed many personalities of the time such as Albert Einstein, Anna Sten, Lou Albert-Lasard, and Erwin Piscator. She was invited to the historic Film und Foto exhibition in 1929 in Stuttgart where her works were massively exhibited. This places her photographs in the modernist movement of the Neues Sehen (new vision).
As Nazism progressed in Germany, the Atelier Stone was transferred to Brussels in 1931 (Sasha Stone parents were Jews from Russia ). She took industrial photographs and portraits of artists for the opera house La Monnaie. She also practiced film set photography for Henri Storck and Joris Ivens.
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72811100
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenja%20language
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Wenja language
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A small number of words necessary for the game could not be reconstructed from PIE and had to be invented. Some of these words were constructed via compound words, such as dang ("yak"), a form contracted from dansugwawi ("shaggy cow", based on Hittite dassus and PIE *gʷṓws). Others were derived from modern roots, such as mamaf ("mammoth"), derived directly from its English equivalent. Finally, yet others were developed from plausible evolution. For example, PIE lack a reconstructed term for "yes", so the team imagined an expression that may develop to have that meaning and came up with "it is correct". The corresponding phrase in reconstructed PIE, *h₃reǵtóm h₁ésti, was then subjected to the sound languages and possible syllable clipping imagined for the proto-language, and ended up as shrash in the Wenja dialect and tómhe in Izila.
Once the language was ready, it was taught to the actors. During this phase, some war cries and chants were developed. Actors and linguists would speak to each other in Wenja in their spare time. According to Brenna Byrd, "[this was] when this hypothetical ancient language — just a jumble of sounds, really — began to feel tangible, natural, a living language". The game only translates part of the dialogues and interactions, which encourages players to learn at least some keywords in order to understand what is happening and to know what actions they should take to continue playing.
Dialects
Wenja is both the name given to the language in the game's documentation, and the name of its main dialect. Each of the peoples in Far Cry Primal speak a slightly different language, and they derive their names from their respective dialect. Thus the Wenja derive their name from the Wenja verb wana, "to hunt"; the Udam from the Udam expression U damnash, "let's conquer"; and the Izila from the Izila phrase his-hílax, "the masters".
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72811100
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenja%20language
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Wenja language
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To recreate an earlier stage of PIE, and at the same time produce a language suitable for the game, the linguist team performed a series of changes to PIE roots:
Voiced aspirates were adapted as normal voiced stops in Wenja: *bʰ, dʰ, ǵʰ, gʰ, gʷʰ > b, d, j, g, gw, respectively.
Palatal stops were adapted as (alveopalatal) affricates in Wenja: *ḱ, ǵ, ǵʰ > ch, j, j, respectively.
PIE laryngeals were fully integrated into Wenja:
*h₁ > h: *dʰh₁s- "sacred, religious" → *dʰəh₁s- > Wenja dahisna, "temple".
*h₂ > sh: *sth₂-to- "standing, made to stand" → *stəh₂-to- > Wenja tashta, "stand, pedestal".
*h₃ > f: *dh₃-ti- "gift" → *dəh₃-ti- > Wenja dafti, "(mutual) exchange".
Reduced sonorants (, , , ) were also deemed a further development of PIE; therefore Wenja always has a vowel next to them, such as Wenja dacham, "ten" from *deḱm̥ or Wenja marti, "death" from *mr̥tos.
Vowels
Wenja has a three vowel system shown below:
Unlike in PIE, there is no difference in vowel length in Wenja. This was a decision taken by the development team to make the pronunciation easier for monolingual English speakers.
Three of the vowels of PIE, *e, *a, and *o were merged to Wenja a. This is because the alternance of *e and *o, or ablaut, was considered a later development in PIE. Thus Wenja can be considered phonetically "pre-ablaut".
Prosody
With regard to prosody, Wenja features a trochaic rhythm, in which generally with every other syllable is stressed. This makes the intonation predictable and give the language an intentional "caveman" rhythm. This creates a rhythmic feel to the language, with 2- and 4-syllable words being always perfect trochees: dácham, "ten"; kúshla, "back"; mága, "can"; shàwikwála, "shepherd"; shìyugwáyfa, "eternal life"; etc. 3-syllable words are stressed on the first vowel if this is a (shnár-hadan, "cannibal"; shwádisha, "to pull") and on the second if this is i or u (sunstáshman, "regime"; fumáygan, "piss-man"; izíla, "Izila"; hisúbar, "quiver").
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72811100
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenja%20language
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Wenja language
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Wenja does not have a discrete passive voice, but prefers to leave out an underlying agent (num hu-gwan, "(it) killed me / I was killed"). However, a passive may be formed by indicating the demoted agent with the instrumental postposition -ha. Compare num hu-gwanta ("you killed me") and num tiha hu-gwan ("I was killed by you").
Verbs can be made reflexive by adding the reflexive suffix -ra. As with the passive, reflexive verbs do not need to be inflected for person: numra kayda ("I hit myself"), nara Udam hada ("an Udam does not eat himself"). The causative can be indicated in two ways: morphologically adding the suffix -ay(a) to a verb (mu shnar mara haday, "the man made me eat an apple") or periphrastically by means of the verb daha, "to do" (shnar mara hada daham, "I made the man eat an apple").
The imperative mood is in its most basic just the verb stem. However, it is often preceded by the particle u: u shlawdra gwash ("walk free"). The negative imperative is always preceded by the particle may: may dram! ("don't run!"). The infinitive is also made up of the bare verbal stem: gwar gwan dawsam ("I need to kill the beasts").
Syntax
Typologically, Wenja has a pragmatic word order that by default is subject–object–verb (SOV). The copula, hasa (from PIE *h₁es- "to be") is typically omitted the (Da chamsa, "Da is ready") except in formal contexts.
Wenja nouns and pronouns can be either active or inactive. Active nominals are agents of transitive or intransitive verbs, while inactive nominals are subjects of nominal predication, subjects of inactive intransitive verbs and objects of transitive verbs. While active nominals trigger endings on the verb, inactive nominals trigger endings on a sentence initial particle. A significant distinction is made in Wenja between animate and inanimate nouns, as only animate subjects trigger verbal endings:
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72811131
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nora%20Torulf
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Nora Torulf
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Nora Torulf (1903–1993) was a Swedish nationalist politician and author. She was one of the leading figures of the Sweden's right wing movement. She served as the chair of an association targeting nationalist women between 1939 and 1942.
Biography
Torulf was born in 1903. In 1937 she visited Nazi Germany and published her notes on the role of women in the Nazi administration in a newspaper. Based on her observations she designed a pilot labor camp targeting Swedish women in 1938 which was regarded as a success by the right wing figures and by nearly all political parties except for the communists. Liberal politician Bertil Ohlin was among the supporters of her initiative. In March 1939 the National Association of Female Civil Service () was established in Stockholm based on Torulf's experimental activity, and she was appointed chair of its executive committee. She held the post until 1942. During her term the association did not manage to get the financial aid from the state due to her obvious Nazi leaning. Torulf was among the founders of the organization entitled Aid Committee for the Children of Germany () which was established in 1945.
Torulf published many political books. She was married, and as of 1945 she was residing in Norrköping. She died in 1993.
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72811273
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate%20Fighting%20Championship%20controversies
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Ultimate Fighting Championship controversies
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The American-based Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is the largest mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion in the world. Since its inception in 1993, the UFC has been the subject of controversies, ranging from moral condemnation of its events by politicians, which resulted in MMA being banned in many US states, to criticism for underpaying its athletes and for criminal behavior committed by its fighters.
State and television bans
In 1996, United States senator John McCain saw a UFC tape and found it "barbaric". Stating that it was "not a sport", he sent letters to all 50 US governors asking them to ban "human cockfighting". The American Medical Association also recommended a ban. David Plotz of Slate reported that critics also found the chain-link fenced octagon that the combatants fought in to be "grotesque" and demanded that ropes be installed instead. 36 states enacted laws that banned "no holds barred" fighting (the term "mixed martial arts" was not yet being used). In early 1997, McCain became chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which oversees the cable television industry. In April 1997, the president of the National Cable Television Association warned that UFC broadcasts could jeopardize the cable industry's influence in Washington, D.C., despite the fact that the UFC only aired on pay-per-view. TWC, TCI, Request TV, Cablevision Systems, Viewer's Choice, and other major operators stopped airing UFC events, as being too violent for children. Between 1997 and 1998, the UFC instituted more safety rules, such as imposing weight classes and a "10-point must" scoring system, banning head butts and groin strikes, and requiring fighters to wear martial arts gloves. In 2000, California became the first state to implement a set of codified rules governing MMA, quickly followed by New Jersey. In 2016, New York became the 50th and final US state to legalize MMA.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeus%20%28Crete%29
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Celeus (Crete)
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In Greek mythology, Celeus ( ; ) is a Cretan man who attempted to steal from Zeus, the king of gods, and was punished for it. He was transformed into an woodpecker for attempting to steal from him.
Mythology
The Cretan Celeus and three other men, Cerberus, Aegolius and Laius entered the sacred cave of Zeus in Crete where the young god had been born and raised with the aim to steal some of the sacred honey produced by the bee caretakers of Zeus. Zeus thundered and stripped them of their brazen armors. He meant to kill them all, but Themis and the Fates advised Zeus against doing that, saying the cave as a holy place should not have anyone be killed inside it. So Zeus turned them all into birds instead; Celeus became a woodpecker. Celeus shares a name with the king of Eleusis.
Origins
The myth of Celeus, Cerberus, Aegolius and Laius originates from the only surviving work of Antoninus Liberalis, the Metamorphoses. Though the Metamorphoses includes myths with earlier origins the myth of Celeus, Cerberus, Aegolius and Laius was first told in writing by Antoninus Liberalis.
Legacy
A woodpecker species native to the Americas is named Celeus.
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72811498
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purey-Cust%20Lodge%20boundary%20wall
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Purey-Cust Lodge boundary wall
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Purey-Cust Lodge boundary wall is an historic structure in the English city of York, North Yorkshire. A Grade II listed building, it dates to 1845.
Originally the lodge, walls and gateways to the stone yard of York Minster, since around 1916 it has functioned as the entrance and boundary wall of Purey-Cust Lodge.
The height of the wall varies from around in its main section, up to around at the rear of the lodge and down to around for the section that runs along Precentor's Court.
There are three gates, two of which feature nail-studded boarded gates; the third is an iron gate providing access to lodge's driveway. This gate is flanked by the coats of arms of St Peter and the Deanery of York.
To the right of the iron gate, the wall is habitable. It features windows, at two levels, of single or paired square-headed lights with diamond lattice glazing. On the garden side, the lodge is of two low storeys. The ground-floor windows include one- and two-light small- and large-pane casements, as well as a 2x2 and a 2x6-pane Yorkshire sash. On the first floor, there are three 2x2s. The interior of the walls has not been inspected.
Composition
Per Historic England, the wall is composed of orange-brown and orange-grey brick "in various bonds", as well as magnesian limestone ashlar. The pent pantile roof has brick stacks. The side of the wall facing Precentor's Court is rendered and incised, while the interior side is orange brick in an English garden-wall bond. The copings are moulded stone or pantile.
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72811916
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian%20statue%20of%20George%20Washington%20%28Morristown%2C%20New%20Jersey%29
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Equestrian statue of George Washington (Morristown, New Jersey)
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George Washington is an outdoor equestrian statue by the American sculptor Frederick Roth located near the Ford Mansion, Washington's Headquarters, in Morristown, New Jersey, United States. It was commissioned by philanthropist E. Mabel Clark to commemorate General George Washington's importance to the history of the city. The bronze sculpture was dedicated on October 19, 1928, the anniversary of the surrender of British General Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781.
History
Morristown was the site of two winter encampments by the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. The first one was from January to May 1777, with Washington's headquarters at Arnold's Tavern. The second one was from December 1779 to June 1780, with Washington's headquarters at the Ford Mansion.
E. Mabel Clark was the daughter of Charles F. Clark, President of the Bradstreet Company, now Dun & Bradstreet. The family lived in New York City and had a country house, Fairacres, in the Normandy Park section of Morristown. She commissioned Frederick Roth for an equestrian statue of Washington and specified that the horse be modeled after the workhorse she had seen pulling a milk wagon in New York. Roth was known as an animal sculptor, especially for his 1925 Statue of Balto in New York's Central Park. He finished and had the statue cast in Florence, Italy, at the bronze works foundry of Gusmano Vignali . The installation site, a small triangular plot bounded by Morris and Washington Avenues, was donated to the city by Dr. Henry M. Dodge. Clark donated the statue to the city at the dedication on October 19, 1928. Speakers included Mayor Clyde W. Potts and Justice Charles W. Parker of the New Jersey Supreme Court. The sculptor attended the ceremony and was honored at a reception hosted by Clark.
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72812372
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrios%20Eginitis
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Demetrios Eginitis
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Demetrios Eginitis or Aiginitis (; July 10, 1862 – March 14, 1934) was a Greek astronomer, physicist, mathematician, author, professor, dean, and politician. He replaced Demetrios Kokkidis becoming the fifth director of the National Observatory of Athens and the longest-serving director in the Observatory's history. He was one of the few Greek astronomers in modern Greek history during the 1800s, others included Georgios Konstantinos Vouris and Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt. He served as Minister of Education twice.
Eginitis was born in Athens, he attended the prestigious Varvakeio School of Athens and later attended the University of Athens studying Mathematics from 1879 to 1886. He received a scholarship to study astronomy and mathematics at the Sorbonne from 1886 to 1890. While in France he wrote his world-renowned paper Sur la Stabilité du Système Solaire (On the Stability of the Solar System) and also published over one thousand astronomical observations. He returned to Greece and revived the Athens Observatory breaking it into three divisions Astronomy, Meteorology, and Geodynamics. He became a professor at the University of Athens a position he held from 1896 to 1934. He introduced the Eastern European Time Zone in Greece and the Gregorian calendar replacing the Julian calendar as the country's standard. He founded the Academy of Athens and organized the University of Thessaloniki.
He was a member of the IAU Committee on Meridian Observations. Eginitis was also a member of the German Astronomical Society (Astronomische Gesellschaft), the Royal Astronomical Society in London, the French Astronomical Society (Société Astronomique de France), the Portuguese Institute of Coibra and the International Meteorological Committee (Comité Météorologique International). Eginitis received countless honors and awards throughout his life including the French medal Legion of Honour.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Grymes
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Charles Grymes
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Charles Grymes or Grimes (October 10, 1693 – December 1, 1743) was Virginia planter and politician who represented Richmond County on Virginia's Northern Neck in the House of Burgesses (1728–1734).
Early life and education
The younger of two sons born to the former Alice Townley (1675–1710) of Gloucester County and her husband John Grymes (1660–1709). He had an elder brother also John Grymes (1691–1749) and sisters Anne (1689–1730; who never married) and Elizabeth Lucy Grymes (1692–1750) who married John Holcomb, and whose son (also John Holcombe) would twice serve in the Virginia House of Delegates (representing first Prince Edward then Cumberland County). Their father built a plantation called "Grymesby" in Middlesex County. Their grandfather Rev. Chales Grymes (1612–1661) had emigrated from Kent, England to become rector of Hampton parish in York County in 1645, and had two sons and a daughter, as well as occasionally preached at what became North Farnham Parish in 1783 (previously Farnham parish of then-vast Rappahannock County. This boy received a private education appropriate to his class, and also attended the College of William and Mary in 1705. His brother John, who inherited Grymesby, would also represent Middlesex County in the House of Burgesses before being appointed to the Governor's Council.
Meanwhile, Charles Grymes married Frances Jenings, daughter of Edmund Jenings, a member of the Virginia Governor's Council. Two of their daughters married powerful planters. Frances Grymes would marry Philip Ludwell III, a merchant and planter who would sit in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly before moving to England. Her sister Lucy Grymes married Henry Lee II, and Sarah Grymes (1738–1764) married John Reynolds.
Career
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Birds%20%28painting%29
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The Birds (painting)
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The Birds or The Two Birds () is a monumental 1952–1953 ceiling painting by Georges Braque in the Salle Henri II in the Louvre, which had to be renovated at that time. He was commissioned by Georges Salles, director of the museums of France. It was unveiled in 1953. The artist succeeded in scaling an intimate theme dear to him up to a monumental scale. He resolved the problem posed by the vast canvas by using large blocks of colour, giving the work as a whole strength and simplicity.
Birds in Braque's work
Braque began to introduce the theme of the bird into his Ateliers series in 1949 with Atelier IV (oil on canvas, private collection). He worked on this theme from 1952 until his death, digging deeper and deeper into the bird concept and multiplying the references to flight. The artist went to observe a bird reserve in Camargue where he admired the flight of pink flamingos: Braque stylized the flat shapes and simplified them to the extreme in the following years. Les Oiseaux noirs (1956–57 or 1960 depending on the sources, Adrien Maeght collection) are representative of the bird concept, as are À tire d'aile (1956–1961, Center Pompidou Paris). In the painting The Birds (1960) the concept is reduced to signs, almost abstract, playing with light. Braque kept The Bird and its nest (oil and sand on canvas, Center Georges Pompidou) until his death.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Henzi
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Samuel Henzi
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Family
The Henzi family, which had been based in Bern since the mid-16th century, produced numerous theologians.
Samuel Henzi's godparents were the later mayor Christoph Steiger I], his uncle and town doctor Samuel Herzog (1673–1743) and Maria Magdalena Zeerleder. His grandfather was the tanner Johannes Henzi (1637–1706), Kastlan zu Zweisimmen. In his first marriage he was married to Rosina Wernier (1709-1738), in his second marriage to Esther Fischer (1719-1738) and in his third marriage to Katharina Malacrida (1707-1751), daughter of Niklaus Malacrida (1658–1742), watchmaker and banker. Katharina Malacrida was the cousin of Maria Magdalena Malacrida, married to Samuel Güldin (1664–1745), pastor in Stettlen and Bern. Güldin was removed from office in 1699 as a co-founder of the within-church pietistic reform movement, and expelled from the country in 1702. Christoph Steiger I was also godfather to Güldin's third child. Samuel Henzi's godmother Maria Magdalena Zeerleder was in his first marriage with the pietistic vicar Johannes Müller (1668–1705) married, second marriage to Daniel Knopf (1666–1738), agent of the Bank of Malacrida. Like Malacrida, Daniel Knopf also belonged to the pietistic circles.
Henzi had two sons from his first marriage, Rudolf Samuel Henzi (1731-1803), steward of the pages of the prince governor in The Hague, publisher and writer in Paris; the other lived in Noyon. Ludwig Niklaus Henzi (1748–?), lieutenant colonel in Hungary, survived as a child from his third marriage.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese%20conquest%20of%20Ksar%20es-Seghir
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Portuguese conquest of Ksar es-Seghir
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The Portuguese immediately began works to restore and reinforce the defenses of the city. The mosque was transformed into a church under the invocation of Santa Maria da Misericórdia, granted to the Order of Christ on the initiative of Prince Henry.
In 1459, Abd al-Haqq II enacted a massacre of the Wattasid family, breaking their power. His reign, however, brutally ended as he was murdered during the 1465 revolt. This event saw the end of the Marinid dynasty as Muhammad ibn Ali Amrani-Joutey, leader of the Sharifs, was proclaimed Sultan in Fes. He was in turn overthrown in 1471 by Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya, one of the two the surviving Wattasids from the 1459 massacre, who instigated the Wattasid dynasty.
It would remain in Portuguese hands for much of the next century, known by the name of 'Alcácer-Ceguer'. In 1502, the Portuguese began constructing a new set of fortifications that extended the town's walls well into the sea, thereby ensuring a secure landing ground for Portuguese reinforcements and expeditionary forces. The resident population of the town under the Portuguese reached around 800 persons.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindores%20Abbey%20distillery
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Lindores Abbey distillery
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Lindores Abbey distillery is a Scotch whisky distillery in Newburgh in the Lowlands whisky region in Scotland and is directly opposite the Abbey. It started distilling whisky in December 2017, using three stills made by Forsyths of Rothes. Lindores Abbey planned to produce 150,000 litres of spirit per year.
Scotch whisky must be aged a minimum of three years, in oak barrels, and the Abbey planned to age its products for five years. Hence, no whisky sales would be made until at least 2021. In the meantime, the distillery was selling its aqua vitae, since this type of alcoholic beverage does not require such long aging.
The distillery is located on the Lindores Abbey Farm, which was bought by Drew McKenzie Smith’s grandfather in 1913. The family owns the distillery and Drew McKenzie Smith holds the title of ‘Custodian of Lindores’ since the family is guardian of the grounds of the Abbey. The distillers have set up a Preservation Society whose mission is to preserve the Abbey for future generations.
The barley used here is grown in Fife; since mid-2019, it has been the Concerto strain grown on two farms adjoining the abbey property. By the end of 2019, the distillery planned to use "locally grown Lindores barley exclusively".
In 2021,Lindores Abbey released it first single malt whisky, Lindores Single Malt Scotch Whisky MCDXCIV.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Mongolia%20relations
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Kosovo–Mongolia relations
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Kosovo–Mongolia relations are foreign relations between and Kosovo and Mongolia.
History
On 8 May 2009, Kosovo's president Fatmir Sejdiu met Nyamaa Enkhbold, the Mongolian Deputy Parliament Speaker, to request Mongolia's recognition of Kosovo. Enkhbold reportedly promised to deal with the request once he had returned home.
Required visa
For citizens of Mongolia who have the wish to enter the republic of Kosovo to visit or work, visa is needed.
Cooperation in international organizations
Kosovo and Mongolia are joint members of several organizations. World Bank Kosovo has been a member since 29 June 2009 while Mongolia has been a member since 14 February 1991.
The Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units comprises various groups that oversee and/or contribute to its main operations and overall goal of strengthening information-sharing mechanisms among its members to combat money laundering, terrorist financing, and associated predicate crimes. Kosovo is a member since 1 February 2017 through the Financial Intelligence Unit, while Mongolia is a member since 28 May 2009 through the Financial Information Unit of Mongolia.
Another organization that both Mongolia and Kosovo participate together is the World Customs Organization. Kosovo won membership in this organization since 25 January 2017 meanwhile Mongolia has won membership since 17 September 1991.
Sports organization
Kosovo and Mongolia participate in the same sport organization that we know as FIFA, with Kosovo being a member since 2016, and Mongolia being a member since 1998.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates%E2%80%93Reds%20rivalry
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Pirates–Reds rivalry
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1972 NLCS
The two clubs found themselves in each other's way once again during the 1972 NLCS. The Pirates prevailed in game 1 during a 5–1 victory in Pittsburgh. The Reds found themselves unable to overcome the dominant pitching from Steve Blass as they would go on to leave 11 baserunners with only a sole run in the first inning. Frustrations would run high for Cincinnati as manager Sparky Anderson would be ejected during the fourth inning. Game 2 saw the Reds bite back with a vengeance as they opened the first inning with 4 runs. The Pirates struggled mightily up until the fourth inning in which they'd manage to claw back with a run per inning up until the eighth. However; a Joe Morgan home run guaranteed the victory as Reds' pitcher Tom Hall locked up Pittsburgh's hitters to end the game. Game 3 saw a low-scoring affair with the Pirates holding on for a 3–2 victory by the end of the night in Cincinnati. Game 4 saw the Reds even the series with a blowout victory over the Pirates as Pittsburgh only managed a single run in the seventh inning while the Reds achieved 7 runs off of a panicked Pittsburgh bullpen. Game 5 began with a rain delay for 90 minutes. The Pirates fought hard with a 3–2 lead coming out of the fifth inning, however; the Reds would rob them of the victory with 2 crushing runs as Pirates' reliever Bob Moose tossed a wild pitch with George Foster on third, culminating in Hal McCrae scoring a 2 run homer during the next at bat, ending the series. This would be the final game ever played for Pirates' Hall-of-Famer Roberto Clemente as he would be killed in a plane crash after volunteering for earthquake relief in Nicaragua in December.
1975 NLCS
Once again both teams met in the NLCS but the series proved to be largely uneventful as the Reds dominated the series with a 3-game sweep, though the Pirates held on to force game 3 into 10 innings, they would prove not to be a match for Cincinnati's hitters as they would end the series with 2 runs in the tenth.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20K.%20O%27Connor
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James K. O'Connor
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James Keegan O'Connor (1864–1922) was an Irish-American judge and Democrat politician from Utica, New York.
O'Connor graduated from Utica Free Academy and studied law at a local law office. He served in the New York State Assembly during the 113th New York State Legislature, but was not reelected. He was elected as a Utica city judge in 1899, and reelected in 1903. He was a founder of the New York State Magistrates Association and served as its president in 1912. He was the Mayor of Utica, New York from 1920 to 1922. He died in 1922.
He had a reputation as a supporter of all immigrants in Utica, who at the time accounted for around a third of its population. The shooting of Italian mill workers by city police during a 1919 textile worker's strike likely played a role in the defeat of the incumbent mayor. A staunch Irish nationalist, he publicly spoke in favor of armed revolution against English rule in Ireland, and in the years before World War I called for an alliance between Ireland and Germany against England.
O'Connor was known as an orator and writer. His collected speeches and writings were published in 1913.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutshill%20Wood
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Tutshill Wood
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Ecology
According to J. J. Day, the wood is noted as habitat for hazel dormice, pearl-bordered fritillary, and small pearl-bordered fritillary. In addition,
the wood consists largely of a stand of Sessile Oak Quercus petraea with Ash Fraxinus excelsior as a codominant. Hazel Corylus avellana, Holly Ilex aquifolium and occasional Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna occur in the understorey, with some Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum. The ground flora includes Primrose Primula vulgaris, Wood Avens Geum urbanum, Wood Anemone Anemone nemorosa and Dog's Mercury Mercurialis perennis. Some areas of the wood have been invaded by Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus and Beech Fagus sylvatica. Here Bramble Rubus fruticosus and Ivy Hedera helix are abundant, with frequent Great Woodrush Luzula sylvatica and Wood Sage Teucrium scorodonia. Alder Alnus glutinosa occurs as individual trees along the watercourses, and as a stand with Sallow Salix cinerea where a tributary stream enters the site to the north.
Bird species inhabiting the wood include
Buzzard Buteo buteo, Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, all three British species of Woodpecker, Tawny Owl Strix aluco, Little Owl Athene noctua, Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata and Nuthatch Sitta europaea. Several Warblers such as Whitethroat Sylvia communis and Garden Warbler S. borin also breed here. Dipper Cinclus cinclus,
Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea, Kingfisher Alcedo atthis and Water Rail Rallus aquaticus nest near the watercourses.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipas
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Nipas
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Nipas (also spelled Nipaš or Nepaš) was a god worshiped in Kanesh. His name might have been derived from the Hittite word nepis, "heaven", and he might have been a weather god. While he was most likely one of the main deities of the city, and a temple, festival and clergy associated with him are attested, for unknown reasons he does not appear in any later sources.
Name and character
Nipas' name was rendered as Ni-pá-as in cuneiform. According to , it most likely originated in a language he refers to as a "central Anatolian substrate", similar to these of other local deities of Kanesh: Ḫariḫari, Ḫigiša, Parka, Tuḫtuḫani and possibly Anna. Guido Kryszat instead connects it with the Hittite word nepis, "heaven". This explanation is also accepted by authors such as Manfred Hutter and Gojko Barjamovic. However, it has been criticized by , who argues that as a neuter noun, this word would be an unusual theonym, and additionally points out that to accept Kryszat's view one has to assume the word preserved the initial n as in Hittite, but developed the same suffix as its Luwian cognate, which starts with a t.
Nipas might have been was a weather god, though the deity represented by the logogram dIM in texts from Kanesh is more likely to be Hittite Tarḫunna than him.
It has been proposed that seals from Kanesh showing a family of deities might depict Nipas and Anna accompanied by divine children, but this interpretation is far from certain.
Worship
Since Nipas, Anna and Parka appear particularly often in known texts from Kanesh from the karum period, it is possible that they formed the core of the local pantheon. Guido Kryszat outright refers to him as the most important deity of this city next to Anna. Despite their prominence, these deities are largely absent from theophoric names.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V389%20Cygni
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V389 Cygni
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In 1922 Kurt Bottlinger and Paul Guthnick detected variability in V389 Cygni.
Between 1936 and 1942, Guthnick made extensive photoelectric observations of V389 Cygni. He found that sometimes the brightness appeared to change irregularly, and at other times two periods, 1.12912 and 1.19328 days, could be seen. Neither period was related to the orbital period of the spectroscopic binary. Guthnick postulated that the system consisted of two Cepheid variables orbiting each other, but it is now believed that only one of the stars in the close binary pair is variable, and it is an SPB star.
In 1978, Frank Gieseking and Wilhelm Seggewiss refined Young's orbit determination for the spectroscopic binary (new period days), and found that V389 Cygni is a triple star. The third, unseen component, orbits the close binary pair with a period of days. They were unable to derive a nonzero eccentricity for either orbit. In 1989, David Barlow re-analyzed earlier data and found that while the orbit of the inner binary appeared to be circular, the data were best fit if the orbit of the third star had an eccentricity of .
In 2017, Thomas Kallinger et al. published an extensive spectroscopic and astroseismic study of V389 Cygni. They found 29 pulsation frequencies in the BRITE satellite data for the star. They were able to derive an eccentricity value for the inner binary pair's orbit of . Their astroseismic results indicate that the outer layer of the SPB star is in the process of becoming tidally locked to its close companion, but the inner portion of the star still rotates at a significantly different speed.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Aipolani
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Walter Aipolani
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Walter Aipolani (1955 – August 17, 2023), known as Bruddah Waltah, was an American singer, songwriter and guitarist of Hawaiian music. He was born in Keaukaha near Hilo, and moved to Oahu as a child with his family. In the 1980s, he began playing gigs in Waikiki. He was called the Father of Hawaiian Reggae as he and bands he played with, such as Island Afternoon, popularized Hawaiian-style reggae music in the 1980s and 1990s.
Career
Aipolani's first performances, in 1980, were with his brothers, in their band Aku Palu (which means “Bloody Fish Guts”). Their manager was shot just as they were preparing to release their first recording, and the band broke up, to play for a time with their uncle's Hawaiian music group, Na Mele Kani. Their sister, a dancer and musician who was performing in New Zealand, had sent the brothers a cassette tape of Bob Marley's music. Later, as the brothers learned more about Rasta culture and music, they started a series of free concerts in Honolulu in 1983, called Tumbleland Jams.
One of Aipolani's best-known works, "Sweet Lady of Waiāhole," described local fruit vendor Fujiko Shimabukuro. Another song, “Keep Hawaiian Lands” was inspired by Bob Marley's “Waiting in Vain”. In his covers of reggae classics such as No Woman No Cry, Waltah changed many of the lyrics to fit the particularities of Hawaiian culture and politics:
By relocating Marley's smash hit to Hawai‘i, Aipolani's lyrics reverberate strongly with Native Hawaiians; by using Marley's song and identity, Aipolani links the conditions of poverty and oppression experienced by Native Hawaiians to those experienced by Jamaicans . . . its relationship with ‘‘Keep Hawaiian Lands’’ turns it into a patriotic song demonstrating love for the land, an anthem of protest against development, colonial dispossession, and Western encroachment. The chorus, ‘‘Ua mau ke ea o ka ‘a ̄ina i ka pono (the life of the Land is perpetuated in righteousness)’’ is often recognized as the government motto for the state of Hawai‘i.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20IQ
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Football IQ
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A high football IQ is often seen as a requirement for National Football League (NFL) quarterbacks, especially those considered franchise quarterbacks. Being able to analyze opposing defenses quickly and good in-game decision making are associated with having a high football IQ. In-game, quick processing of opposing defenses is a positive trait for quarterbacks. This processing is a factor both pre- and post-snap. Tom Brady's football IQ has been often discussed by general fans, sportswriters, opposing players, and football analysts alike. Sports Illustrated writer Andy Benoit wrote:
A QB is taught to play along the "midline"—the imaginary lane directly behind the center. Sloppy QBs will drift off the midline in their dropback, or they'll hitch out of the midline upon finishing their dropback. This is never true of Brady. Brady only moves off the midline when necessary. And because he's so calm dropping back and has such a keen sense for reading defensive fronts before and after the snap, he often senses that necessity beforehand. This speaks to his football IQ, but it's also a uniquely difficult physical trait.
Although much of the discussion of football IQ is focused on the quarterback position, the trait is assessed for other positions. During the 1970s, middle linebacker, safety, center were all considered "thinking" positions. Football IQ is considered important for middle (or "mike") linebackers, in particular. Due to this, mike linebackers are often called the "quarterback of the defense". Writing on a high school mike linebacker's highlights, Sports Illustrated writer Evan Crowell stated that "communicating the play call with confused teammates [is] an encouraging sign for a high school junior." Crowell continued to write "most inside linebacker play at the next [college] level is getting yourself in the correct position before the ball is snapped."
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20IQ
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Football IQ
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College
Football IQ has been documented to be assessed in the recruitment of players by college football programs. In 2011, Los Angeles Times writer Matt Stevens stated that "Defining the multiple parts of athletic intelligence, identifying it in an athlete and recruiting accordingly is a complex and tedious task." Stevens went on to write that "players' intense focus on football may help explain why the sport has a reputation for fielding proportionally more low-performing students."
NFL
In the 1970s, the Wonderlic test caught on in the NFL's assessment of players. A measurement of cognitive ability and problem-solving skills, the Wonderlic was part of scouting processes prior in the lead up to the NFL Draft. Prospective quarterbacks were required to take the Wonderlic.
This assessment was found to be a failed predictor of NFL success in a 2009 Human Performance study by Brian D. Lyons, Brian J. Hoffman, and John W. Michel. Economists David Berri and Rob Simmons also found Wonderlic scores as "all but useless as predictors." The Wonderlic also was criticized for racial bias. A 2011 study by two Cal State Fullerton economics professors found a discrepancy in the rise of draft positions between white and black players regarding an increase from the 25th to the 75th percentile in a Wonderlic score. History, African American studies, and Africana studies professor Derrick White of the University of Kentucky stated that the test likely contributed to placing players in certain positions according to racial stereotypes, a practice called "stacking".
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapters%20of%202%20Maccabees
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Chapters of 2 Maccabees
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The depiction in Chapter 4 of the internal temple politics is found nowhere else in ancient sources; while 1 Maccabees and Josephus vaguely allude to disputes over the High Priesthood, they are bare-bones mentions. 2 Maccabees thus is generally allowed to stand on its own, undisputed, by most scholars. The one area where sources differ is on the death of Onias III. 2 Maccabees says he was murdered by Andronicus at Menelaus's behest, and Andronicus was subsequently executed for the crime. However, Josephus seems to indicate Onias III was still active in Egypt at a later date in his The Jewish War; and Diodorus Siculus gives a different reason for Andronicus's execution: that he had murdered a young son of Seleucus IV. Most scholars consider both these accounts to be less reliable than 2 Maccabees: they are written much later; Josephus appears to contradict and correct his own history of the high priests in his Jewish Antiquities; and Diodorus's account is not strictly contradictory to the version in 2 Maccabees, if Andronicus was executed for multiple accumulated crimes over time and the author of 2 Maccabees chose to emphasize the one he cared about. Another part considered questionable by some scholars is the story of Menelaus bribing one of the king's courtiers in Tyre rather than the king directly. This is largely because it is exceptionally common in ancient literature to blame problems on a king's bad advisors rather than the king directly, as a less radical statement more likely to evade censorship, and the king is not portrayed as unhinged yet in this chapter. However, the narrative directly blames Antiochus IV for evil acts later, so it is difficult to know for sure. Another aspect seen as an exaggeration is the author depicting the street mob of protesters as armed with trash, yet defeating 3,000 armed men. Some sort of civil disorder is plausible, but this is presumably an "improvement" on the actual incident to emphasize Lysimachus's just punishment by God.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapters%20of%202%20Maccabees
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Chapters of 2 Maccabees
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A less important and possibly unintended theological issue is that the mother tells her remaining son that God did not make the heavens and the earth "out of things that existed". In context, the intent is to show that all life comes from and returns to God; some later Christian theologians cited the passage as backing for the doctrine of creatio ex nihilo, the stance that God created the entire universe.
While the basic historicity of martyrs being killed during the persecution is uncontested, the details of the story are not considered likely to be particularly accurate. Antiochus probably did not personally oversee tortures nor engage in conversation with those about to be tortured, and even if he had, then the dialogue recorded was surely improved to be more eloquent, as was common with histories of the era that would routinely invent appropriate dialogue for a scene. Having the king feature directly rather than some lackey executing the king's will is typical of such stories as well, to better emphasize his culpability. The details may be a callback to , which mentions the death of a woman who bore seven children.
Chapter 8
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapters%20of%202%20Maccabees
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Chapters of 2 Maccabees
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The basic historicity of what is described is plausible enough: that Antiochus went on a campaign in the east, was involved in the plunder of a temple, became sick, and died. Non-Jewish sources confirm these elements. Additionally, historians generally agree with the timing implied in 2 Maccabees of Antiochus's death occurring before the cleansing of the temple, which archaeological evidence seems to support, against the chronology given in 1 Maccabees of this happening afterward. The specific details and quotes are generally assumed to be literary rather than historical, however. The section where Antiochus writes a deathbed epistle granting rights to the Jews is considered very unlikely to be historical, as it is exactly what Jews of the era would most want to fabricate—a document declaring that their rights and privileges were protected by royal decree. The reference to Persepolis may also be muddled or in error, as Greek sources do not connect Persepolis with the expedition. Persepolis had been looted and mostly destroyed by Alexander the Great centuries earlier, leading to the question of if there was anything still worth taking in the ruins. Additionally, Persepolis is hundreds of kilometers away from Elymais, where Antiochus is usually thought to have done his looting. It may have been the author choosing a famous Persian city if he knew Antiochus was in Persia without further details, or a scribal error where "Persis" was misread as a city rather than a region. Ecbatana, the capital of Media, is closer to Elymais, though, and thus considered more likely to be historical.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapters%20of%202%20Maccabees
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Chapters of 2 Maccabees
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Chapter 12 discusses struggles between the Jews and their neighbors in the greater Palestine region. The coastal city of Joppa lures local Jews onto boats, then sink them, killing 200 people. Judas infiltrates the city at night, sets fire to the port and its boats, and kills some locals to take revenge for the atrocity. He then burns the boats at Jamnia too as a reprisal for a similar anti-Jewish incident. Judas fights a commander named Timothy who has an army of Arabs (Nabateans). After defeating them, Judas makes an informal treaty with the Arabs for them to provide cattle. Judas next attacks the city of Caspin (modern Haspin?). With God's aid, he takes the city and slaughters the inhabitants. Judas next sets out for lands controlled by the Tobiad Jews in Ammon. Timothy's local fortresses are conquered by Judas's men. Timothy himself encamps at the city Karnion with a gigantic army of 120,000 infantry and 2,500 cavalry; however, God's power makes them flee and stumble into each other, wounding themselves with their own swords. Judas's forces kill 30,000 fleeing soldiers of Timothy, and Timothy is himself captured. However, he is paroled in exchange for promises to release Jewish hostages. After capturing Karnion, Judas's forces cut down 25,000 corpses at the Temple of Atergatis (a Syrian version of the goddess Astarte, and a loose analogue to Artemis in Hellenistic culture), presumably a reference to fleeing civilians killed while seeking refuge in the temple. Judas then attacks the city of Ephron, takes it, and kills 25,000 inhabitants. He next moves to Scythopolis, but the Jews there testify that they are well-treated by the inhabitants. Judas's men thank them and peaceably proceed back to Jerusalem in time for the Festival of Weeks, also known as Pentecost in Greek.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapters%20of%202%20Maccabees
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Chapters of 2 Maccabees
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The opening of the chapter describes Demetrius arriving in Tripolis with a "strong force and fleet". Presumably the author wanted to build up Demetrius as a threat equivalent of Antiochus IV, but other sources including 1 Maccabees indicate he arrived with just a few close followers. Polybius, who personally knew Demetrius and was directly involved in the plot to smuggle him back to the Seleucid Empire, reports he chartered a normal, commercial ship to better lie low, hardly a fleet.
The chapter calls Alcimus a "former" high priest and writes he needed Demetrius's approval to establish his authority. This implies that Alcimus had been appointed high priest after Menelaus's execution, perhaps on some sort of temporary basis, by Lysias and Eupator. However, he apparently needed to get confirmation to stay in his role from the new king. The chapter is also vague on how exactly Alcimus "defiled himself" earlier. Various scholars, noting how Alcimus was apparently able to command the loyalty of many Jews and the lack of any apparent Hellenizing changes to Jewish worship during his tenure, doubt the veracity of this statement. While Alcimus clearly did become a Seleucid collaborator, it would make more sense for the government to have picked a Jew in good standing for the role; conversely, Maccabee-friendly sources would have wanted to discredit Alcimus to make his decision to serve the government as the choice of someone already untrustworthy and corrupt.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapters%20of%202%20Maccabees
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Chapters of 2 Maccabees
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With the treaty in tatters, Nicanor moves out of Jerusalem toward Samaria to attack Judas's troops. He intends to attack on the Sabbath, knowing that the Jews will be unprepared to fight then. Conscripted Jews in his army complain about the plan. Preparing for battle, Judas relates to his troops a dream vision he says he had. While asleep, he saw the deceased High Priest Onias III and the prophet Jeremiah. Onias III says that Jeremiah is praying for all the people of Israel and Jeremiah gives Judas a golden sword. The Maccabee army resolves to attack first, seeing the enemy prepared with war elephants and cavalry on their flanks. Judas prays to God and invokes the dramatic past defeat of Sennacherib again. The Jews win the battle and slay 35,000 soldiers, including Nicanor himself. Nicanor's body is desecrated and his head is hung from the citadel in Jerusalem. The Jews resolve to celebrate 13 Adar as Nicanor's Day.
The chapter is something of an echo of Chapter 8, which too featured Judas fighting Nicanor immediately after an account of martyrdom; the lead-up to the battle and the battle itself are described similarly in both chapters, and Nicanor is once again called "thrice-accursed".
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Daman%20%281581%29
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Siege of Daman (1581)
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The siege of Daman in 1581 was a military engagement between Portuguese forces and those of the Shah of Gujarat in the city of Daman, in India. A Mughal army engaged the Portuguese in an attempt to set up a siege, but was forced to withdraw.
Context
In 1571, the Mughals conquered the Gujarat Sultanate, bringing them to the border of Portuguese territories around Diu, Daman and Bassein. In 1580, Diogo Lopes Coutinho de Santarém at the head of a force of eight ships had a village near Surat burned, after its garrison had killed six Portuguese who had gone ashore. At the request of the Mughal governor of Surat Caliche Mahamed, the Mughal governor of Bharuch Qutub ud-Din Khan (Cutubidicam in Portuguese) joined forces into an army of 15,000 men, war elephants and a cannon to attack Daman.
The siege
Warned of Mughal preparations, the Portuguese captain of Daman Martim Afonso de Melo dispatched messengers to neighbouring villages ordering its inhabitants and peasants to evacuate to Bassein or seek refuge in the forests, and to nearby Portuguese
garrisons such as Bassein or Chaul and to Goa asking for reinforcements.
Caliche led the vanguard of the Mughal army with 1000 horsemen in the invasion of Portuguese territory, and he burned numerous villages while Qutub ud-Din Khan set up camp in the vicinity of the city. Melo was kept up to date of Mughal movements through spies or scouts which he continuously kept afield, while fortifying the city.
From Goa the viceroy Dom Francisco de Mascarenhas dispatched reinforcements to Daman. Within a short time, such a large number of volunteer soldiers and fidalgos disembarked at Daman to reinforce it that the Mughal commander was dissuaded from attacking the city and limited operations to pillaging what he could from the countryside. The Portuguese captain of the fort of Danu with 50 men skirmished with the Mughals, and captured a banner.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20and%20West%20Towns%20Bus%20Co.
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Chicago and West Towns Bus Co.
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Route #4 - La Grange was opened by Suburban Railway Co. in 1895. From just east of Cicero Ave. it went west on 22nd St. (now Cermak Rd.) to Harlem Ave., south to 26th St., and west to Des Plaines Ave. At Des Plaines Ave., it went south and continued on Woodside Rd. to Park Place, where it turned west onto a private right-of-way. It crossed the Des Plaines River, First Ave., and ran through an undeveloped area. In 1934, the area north of the line would become Brookfield Zoo, a high traffic weekend destination. The tracks crossed Salt Creek and went west through a streetcar suburb section of Brookfield, down the median on Monroe Ave., southwest through "Eight Corners" on Broadway Ave., and west on Lincoln. After crossing the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad, the route turned south and ran on a private right-of-way along the tracks through La Grange Park and into La Grange. At Hillgrove Ave., the line turned west and ended at Brainard Ave. The line was converted to buses on April 4, 1948. Buses ran west on Cermak until Harlem Ave., but then went south on Harlem to 26th St., west to Des Plaines Ave., south to 31st St and west to 1st Ave. There, the buses turned south and ran next to Brookfield Zoo south to Washington St. in Brookfield. Washington St. runs west and turns into Harding Ave. in La Grange Park. At La Grange Rd., the line turned south to La Grange and at Hillgrove, it went west to Brainard Ave.
Route #8 - Veteran's Hospital Edward Hines VA Hospital has had bus service to the Forest Park rapid transit station since it was opened in 1921. Speedway Auto Bus Co. started a route from the Forest Park terminal south to 12th St. (now Roosevelt Rd.) and west to the hospital. Leaving the hospital, the route went north on 5th Ave to the C&NW (now UP)'s Maywood commuter station near Lake St. Over time, the routing has changed and sometimes has been combined with other routes. In 2023, Pace route "308 Medical Center" connects Hines and the adjacent Loyola University Medical Center with the Forest Park terminal.
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72814577
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%20Surface
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Hal Surface
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John Halstead Surface Jr. (August 12, 1913 – September 2, 2001) was an American tennis player.
A native of Kansas City, Missouri, Surface picked up the sport of tennis aged 15. He was self taught and trained at the Rockhill Tennis Club in Kansas City. In his senior year at Central High School he won the state interscholastic singles championship. He played collegiate tennis for the University of Texas.
Surface had a top national ranking of No. 7 in 1937 and was a member of the United States Davis Cup squad that year, without featuring in a tie.
He twice reached the singles fourth round at the U.S national championships, including in 1940 when he had a win over Gardnar Mulloy en route. Internationally, Surface's title wins included the All-India Championships and he had a fourth round appearance at Roland Garros.
Surface won the Jamaican International Championships on clay in Kingston, Jamaica in 1939 defeating Charles Hare, the 1937 world No. 10, in the final.
That same year, Surface won the Maryland State Championships defeating in turn Bill Talbert, Jack Kramer, Wayne Sabin, and Eddie Alloo in the last four rounds.
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72815894
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our%20Lady%20of%20Altagracia
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Our Lady of Altagracia
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Description
The image is a painting on cloth, and is about thirteen inches by eighteen inches. It seems to have been painted by an unknown Spanish artist around the turn of the fourteenth century. It is set in an ornate frame made of gold, enamel, and precious stones. The frame was made by an unknown eighteenth-century artisan, and is considered one of the finest examples of Dominican goldwork. Restoration work was done in Spain in 1978 after centuries of exposure to candle smoke and handling.
The image depicts an infant Jesus, Mary and Joseph. It presents the scene of the Nativity of Jesus, with Jesus in the manger in Bethlehem. The maternity of the Virgin is emphasized. In the painting is the Star of Bethlehem, which has eight points and symbolizes heaven and has two rays extending towards the manger. Above the Virgin there are twelve stars, which represent the tribes of Israel and, at the same time, the Apostles in the New Testament. Around Mary there is a glow, corresponding to the description in Revelation 12:1.
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72815894
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our%20Lady%20of%20Altagracia
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Our Lady of Altagracia
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The pilgrimage and celebration of the festival of Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia dates from the colonial period .
In the 20th century, Our Lady of Altagracia was crowned twice: during the pontificate of the pope Pius XI and personally by the pope John Paul II.
Her first coronation was on August 15, 1922, at the Puerta del Conde. Having previously obtained the permission of the Pope Benedict XV on behalf of Mons. Adolfo Alejandro Nouel, it was the newly elected pope Pius XI who sent as his representative Archbishop Sebastián Leite de Vasconcellos, titular archbishop of Damietta, Roman count and eminent figure of the Portuguese episcopate. For the occasion, the image that was transferred from the sanctuary of San Dionisio was framed in gold and adorned with precious stones and crowned with a crown made in the goldsmith's workshop of José Oliva, modeled by the great Dominican artist Abelardo Rodríguez Urdaneta.
In 1924 Congress decreed the celebration of Our Lady of Altagracia as a national holiday on January 21. On October 31, 1927, Pope Pius XI declared it a holiday of the Church, through an apostolic brief.
During the first visit of Pope John Paul II on January 25, 1979, he blessed the Sanctuary of Altagracia (today Basilica of Higüey, Basílica Catedral Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia) and on October 12, 1992, on his second visit to the country, John Paul II personally crowned the image of the Virgen de la Altagracia with a gilded silver diadem.
On August 15, 2022, she was presented with a golden rose sent by Pope Francis at the closing celebrations of the centenary of her canonical coronation.
The devotion of Altagracia
The devotion to Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia began in Higüey and spread over the years until it became national and became part of the Dominican identity. This devotion manifests itself as the main pilgrimage of the town.
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72815962
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina%20Hasvoll
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Nina Hasvoll
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Nina Hasvoll (née Hackel, May 25, 1910 – December 19, 1999), surname also Hasvold and Hasvold Meyer, was a Russian–Norwegian psychoanalyst. She headed the Jewish Children's Home in Oslo during the Second World War, and she escaped to Sweden in 1942 with 14 children. The orphanage and the escape inspired the 1958 film I slik en natt by Sigval Maartmann-Moe and the 2015 film Ninas barn by Nina Grünfeld.
Background
Hasvoll was born into a Jewish family in Saint Petersburg as Nina Hackel. Her father was a pharmacist and later a businessman, who became rich from a psoriasis ointment. As a result of the Russian Revolution, the family emigrated in 1918, like noblemen and other capitalists, to Germany, and settled in Berlin. She attended the social education seminar of the Youth Home Association () in Charlottenburg. From 1931 to 1936 she studied at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. She attended analysis with Adelheid Fuchs-Kamp and was together with Nic Waal at the orphanage seminar led by Otto Fenichel and Harald Schultz-Hencke.
The developments after Hitler's rise to power resulted in Hasvoll fleeing to France. In 1936, she traveled to Oslo to study psychology. She joined the circle around Wilhelm Reich and studied character analysis with Nic Waal. The study of psychology offered a residence permit for only half a year. She therefore entered into a pro forma marriage with the socialist journalist Bertold Hasvoll (1912–2001) to obtain a permanent residence permit in Norway. The couple divorced in 1943.
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78602536
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%20C.%20Jones
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May C. Jones
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May C. Jones (born November 5, 1842 – ?) was a trailblazing Baptist minister and the first woman to be ordained in the Northern Baptist Convention. Her ordination in 1882 marked a significant milestone in the history of women in ministry, paving the way for future generations. Despite facing significant scrutiny and opposition, Jones had an extremely successful career as a minister.
Early Life and Move to the Pacific Coast
Born to an English father and Scottish mother in Sutton, New Hampshire, Jones became a schoolteacher at thirteen. In 1867, she and her husband moved to California, remaining there until 1880.
After relocating to Seattle, Washington, in 1880, Jones preached her first sermon at First Baptist Church of Seattle. The church then gave her the license to preach and that year she began serving as an interim pastor. Following this the church proposed her ordination, sparking one of the most controversial moments in Baptist history.
Ordination and Controversy
On July 9, 1882, during a meeting of the Baptist Association of Puget Sound, Jones was ordained. However, the process was met with strong resistance. Critics accused the First Baptist Church of Seattle of bypassing proper protocols, as the ordination proposal was made while the church’s pastor was away on a European tour. Furthermore, the First Baptist Church of Seattle had not filed a request of ordination prior to the association meeting. Many opponents walked out of the meeting in protest, leaving only Jones's supporters to vote on the matter. As a result, Jones’ ordination was approved due to the opposition not being present.
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78603303
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randolf%20Menzel
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Randolf Menzel
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Randolf Menzel (born 7 June 1940) is a German neurobiologist and zoologist. He was the director of the Neurobiology Institute at the Freie Universität Berlin (Free University of Berlin) from 1976, primarily researching the brain operations of invertebrates, particularly bees. He has been professor emeritus since 2008.
Biography
He was born to Dr. Helene Menzel (née Urban) and Dr. Hans Menzel in Mariánské Lázně, (known to ethnic Germans as Marienbad in the Reichsgau Sudetenland before their expulsion after World War II). He attended primary school in Goddelau and Gernsheim and secondary school in Gernsheim. He studied biology, chemistry and physics at Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University, Frankfurt) and Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen. In 1967, he wrote an award-winning dissertation on colour learning in bees. The following year, he was appointed as a lecturer in the Zoologisches Institut of the Technische Universität Darmstadt (Zoological Institute, Technical University of Darmstadt), where, in 1972, he became an assistant professor and a spokesperson for the group on the Neural Basis of Behaviour. In 1976, he became professor and head of the Institute of Neurobiology at the Freie Universität Berlin; between 1977 and 1988, he was regularly the administrative director of the university's Institute for Animal Physiology and Applied Zoology. Between 1978 and 1980 he was dean of the School of Biology. From 1987 to 1996, he was Curator of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen. At the same time he was chair of the review board for the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation). Between 1992 and 1995, he was president of the International Society of Neuroethology. From 2002, he was a visiting professor at the Centre of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He was spokesperson for the group Plastizität des Nervensystems (Plasticity of the Nervous System) from 1996 to 2006.
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78603309
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edelmira%20In%C3%A9s%20M%C3%B3rtola
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Edelmira Inés Mórtola
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Edelmira Inés Mórtola (21 January 1894 – 28 May 1973) was the first woman to become a geologist in Argentina and the first woman to obtain a PhD in Natural Sciences with a focus on Geology (1921) from the University of Buenos Aires (UBA). She was a prominent researcher in the field of mineralogy and an influential university professor. The Mineralogy Museum at UBA was named after her.
Biography
Mórtola was born in Berazategui and attended secondary school between 1908 and 1912 at the National High School for Young Ladies in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She later graduated with a degree in Geology from the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires. For her first career position, she was as a geological assistant at the General Directorate of Mines and Geology from 1918 to 1924, becoming the first professional woman to work in the institution. In 1921 she obtained her doctorate from the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences of the UBA, receiving a gold medal and a diploma of honor. Her thesis was titled Basic Alkaline Rocks of Southern Chubut.
Teaching
She had an extensive teaching career. At first she worked as a teacher at the National High School for Young Ladies No. 1 and at the Joaquín V. González National Teachers' Institute. In 1924, she became an official member of the Mineralogy Department at the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires as Head of Practical Work.
At UBA, she taught Mineralogy and Petrography in the department of Natural Sciences, and Chemistry and Civil Engineering at the department of Exact Sciences. Eventually, she was named a full professor and trained numerous researchers.
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78603407
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20High%20Court
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Antigua and Barbuda High Court
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Jurisdiction and functioning of the court
Any person in Antigua and Barbuda may bring a case to the High Court if they believe the Constitution is being or has been contravened. If the Constitution is being violated, the High Court may grant the victim a remedy deemed appropriate by the court. If a question of the interpretation of the Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda is made, and a subordinate court believes that a ruling would have a significant impact on the law, that court may refer the question to the High Court. Decisions of the High Court may be appealed to the Court of Appeal of the ECSC, and further to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. In the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court Act, it is stated that the High Court shall have the same jurisdiction as the High Court of Justice in England did in 1940. The court hears appeals from the magistrates' courts.
Each High Court division in the ECSC has a High Court Registry for that member state. In Antigua and Barbuda, the registrar performs the functions required for the conduct and discharge of the court, and is ex officio an admiralty marshal, a provost marshal, and has custody of the seal of the High Court as well custody of the seal of the sub-registry of the ECSC Court of Appeal in Antigua and Barbuda.
Membership
As of December 2024, there are currently five justices on the High Court in Antigua and Barbuda.
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78603451
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltigera%20hydrothyria
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Peltigera hydrothyria
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Initially placed in its own genus Hydrothyria and assigned to the Collemataceae due to its gelatinous, unstratified thallus and aquatic habitat, the lichen was considered a rare, monotypic genus endemic to North America. Russell compared Hydrothyria to Collema and Leptogium, emphasizing the submarginal apothecia, thin membranous thallus, and fan-shaped () veining—traits he regarded as bridging algae and lichens. Despite sharing structural similarities with Peltigera (notably vein and rhizoid characteristics, as well as ascus morphology), he considered that the distinctive ecology and morphology initially justified a separate genus.
Molecular findings and genus reassignment
Molecular phylogenetics analyses in the late 20th century revealed that Hydrothyria venosa was nested within the genus Peltigera, prompting its reclassification as P. hydrothyria in 2000. To accommodate this newly integrated aquatic lineage, a new section, Hydrothyriae, was established within Peltigera. Historically, P. hydrothyria was regarded as rare and associated with mature riparian ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest, but molecular data showed it formed a strongly supported monophyletic group alongside Solorina, clarifying its evolutionary position within the family.
Infraspecific diversity and varieties
Subsequent molecular studies using multiple genetic markers (ITS, β-tubulin, and EFT2-1) uncovered cryptic diversity within western populations. Researchers identified three monophyletic lineages: an eastern lineage (P. hydrothyria s.str.) retaining methylgyrophorate and methylecanorate, and two western lineages (P. gowardii s.s. and P. gowardii s.l.) lacking detectable secondary metabolites. The western epithet gowardii honors the Canadian lichenologist Trevor Goward, who collected the type specimen of P. gowardii in the Trophy Mountains of British Columbia.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltigera%20hydrothyria
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Peltigera hydrothyria
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Peltigera hydrothyria forms submarginal apothecia (fruiting bodies), setting it apart from most Peltigera species with marginal apothecia. These reddish-brown structures are plane to concave. The asci are 8-spored, producing unornamented, hyaline, 3-septate spores measuring 24–33 by 6.6–7.8 μm. In immature apothecia, the margins are slightly raised and often exhibit a reddish tint, becoming more convex and darkened with age.
Peltigera hydrothyria is a bimembered lichen, forming a symbiotic association between an ascomycete fungus and cyanobacteria (Nostoc) as the photobiont. This photobiont was identified to species in 1964 as Nostoc sphaericum. The thallus structure internally resembles that of the cyanomorph form of P. venosa, with which it shares several morphological features including the presence of a distinct rhizoid and veins with compact internal structure.
The vein structure resembles that of section Peltigera, with a compact central core of parallel, conglutinated hyphae. This anatomical feature represents one of the key characteristics linking it to the genus despite its unusual aquatic habitat and overall morphology.
The hyphae of Peltigera hydrothyria have a characteristic structural feature—multiperforate septa. Unlike the single-pore septa commonly observed in most ascomycetes, these multiperforate septa contain multiple pores, as confirmed by electron microscopy. The multiple pores likely improve nutrient and water transport, aiding the lichen's survival in its aquatic habitat by supporting efficient symbiotic exchange.
Photobiont
Peltigera hydrothyria forms a symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria from the genus Nostoc, which serves as its photobiont. Early studies identified the cyanobiont as Capsosira lowei. Molecular evidence, including 16S rRNA and ITS comparisons, later confirmed its placement within Nostoc, a genus widely associated with lichens and plants.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltigera%20hydrothyria
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Peltigera hydrothyria
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Another aquatic lichen, Leptogium rivale, occurs in the Cascades, Sierra Nevada, and Colorado mountain ranges, where it often overlaps in habitat with western North American populations of P. hydrothyria. Leptogium rivale thrives in larger watercourses, unlike P. hydrothyria, which prefers smaller streams. It forms small rosettes (up to 2 cm in diameter) with elongate lobes (0.2–1.5 mm wide) tightly attached to rocks. Leptogium rivale is more tolerant of fluctuating stream flow and water clarity than P. hydrothyria, which requires stable submersion in clean, oxygen-rich water. While both species inhabit shaded streams, L. rivale often grows in looser clumps at the edges of larger watercourses.
Other aquatic lichens, such as those in the genera Verrucaria, Hymenelia, and Dermatocarpon, differ from P. hydrothyria. Its foliose growth form, corticated surface, distinct venation, and symbiosis with cyanobacteria distinguish it from these crustose or species. Dermatocarpon luridum shares similar habitats but differs in its crustose to squamulose thallus. Its rigid, tightly adhered structure is suited to high water velocity, unlike the flexible, ruffled growth of P. hydrothyria.
Free-living Nostoc colonies may resemble P. hydrothyria but are greener, bumpier, and tougher than its gelatinous, translucent thallus.
Habitat, distribution, and ecology
Geographic distribution and varieties
Peltigera hydrothyria displays a distinct biogeographic pattern across North America. The nominate variety (var. hydrothyria) is endemic to the Appalachian Mountains in eastern North America, while var. gowardii ranges from northern California through the Pacific Northwest to southern Alaska, with isolated populations in Idaho. In the eastern United States, it has been recorded in Appalachian states and New England, though many historical records—particularly those near urbanized regions—are now considered extirpated.
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78603451
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltigera%20hydrothyria
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Peltigera hydrothyria
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In Canada, P. hydrothyria s.str. occurs in small numbers of forested streams in Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, where the climate is perhumid, with year-round wetness due to precipitation exceeding evaporation and transpiration. This climatic requirement explains its patchy distribution, as suitable conditions exist along the Appalachian chain and coastal eastern Canada but not in intervening areas. Canadian populations, confirmed by genetic analysis as P. hydrothyria s.str., inhabit elevations of under birch and balsam fir canopies. Population sizes vary widely, from as few as 12 to over 484 mature individuals at a single site. In 2022, the discovery of a previously undocumented population in the Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, New Brunswick, suggested that additional suitable habitats may exist in the humid uplands of that region and adjacent Quebec.
General habitat preferences
Throughout its range, P. hydrothyria thrives in cold, clean, oxygen-rich mountain streams with stable flow, typically in shaded riparian habitats. It often grows directly on rocks or bedrock near waterfalls, where protective backwaters and bedrock ledges stabilize conditions, and is commonly positioned above water level. Although primarily found on rock substrates, occasional growth on submerged wood or aquatic plant stems (e.g., Darmera peltata) has been observed. In the Western United States, surveys have documented populations in the Cascade and Siskiyou mountain ranges of Oregon and northern California, as well as in the California Coast Ranges, where seasonal water-level fluctuations create varied microhabitats.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltigera%20hydrothyria
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Peltigera hydrothyria
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Within these microhabitats, P. hydrothyria can be fully submerged or present in moist spray zones. Spray-zone thalli often have smaller, more numerous lobes than submerged individuals, showing morphological plasticity in response to moisture gradients. The species appears particularly sensitive to water temperatures above , growing optimally between . Even slight increases in sedimentation or alterations to stream flow can destabilize populations, highlighting its reliance on pristine riparian ecosystems.
Environmental conditions and ecological interactions
Peltigera hydrothyria favors conditions with dissolved oxygen around 8.22 mg/L, nitrogen at 0.03 mg/L, and phosphorus at 0.013 mg/L, reflecting its need for clean, nutrient-poor environments. Low nitrate levels can enhance growth, but concentrations above 40 mmol damage the thallus and inhibit growth. Stream pH typically ranges from 6.0 to 7.0, and sinuous stream configurations that create protected pockets are preferred. Humidity is critical where thalli remain partially above water during low-flow periods; surrounding wet bryophytes help maintain moisture and prevent desiccation.
The species frequently co-occurs with other aquatic lichens, such as Leptogium rivale, although P. hydrothyria generally occupies smaller, shaded streams, whereas L. rivale tolerates larger watercourses. Morphologically, L.rivale forms smaller, tightly attached rosettes with elongate lobes, in contrast to the sub-erect thallus and pronounced venation of P. hydrothyria.
Regional and elevational variation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltigera%20hydrothyria
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Peltigera hydrothyria
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Population monitoring in the eastern United States (e.g., Pennsylvania) suggests declines linked to insufficient forested riparian buffers, poor water quality, and potential impacts from hydraulic fracturing in eastern North America. In the Southern Appalachians, elevated levels of aluminum, iron, and manganese, along with periodic low pH, degrade stream habitats, endangering both aquatic lichens and other organisms like brook trout and macroinvertebrates. In Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, current riparian buffer regulations (20–30 m) may be inadequate, as edge effects extend up to 100 m from clear-cut areas.
Western populations face similar difficulties. Habitat disturbances such as logging, road building, culvert installations, and other land-use changes increase sedimentation and disrupt hydrology. These factors, along with periodic extreme flow events, threaten the species’ stability in the Pacific Northwest and northern California. Climate change further exacerbates these issues by altering precipitation patterns, increasing drought frequencies, and raising stream temperatures.
Conservation measures and management recommendations
Historical accounts, such as William G. Farlow's 1884 observation of streams "fairly carpeted" with P. hydrothyria, underscore the species' sensitivity to pristine conditions and highlight how easily these habitats can be degraded. Researchers emphasize the need for baseline data and long-term monitoring to track population trends and environmental changes. Strategies include maintaining or expanding riparian forest buffers to stabilize temperature, humidity, and stream bed conditions, as well as regulating water quality standards to reduce nutrient runoff, sedimentation, and chemical pollution.
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78603517
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingnan%20School
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Lingnan School
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With this national recognition, by 1936 Gao Jianfu was teaching at Sun Yat-sen University; he took a visiting professorship at Nanjing's National Central University later that year. He also undertook several trips to learn foreign art, including to Calcutta, Nepal, and the Ajanta Caves in 1930–1931, after which religious themes appeared in his works more frequently. Chen Shuren likewise travelled, visiting such popular vistas as the Great Wall of China, West Lake, and the Li River. He produced several landscapes during this period, marked by strong outlines.
Later years and subsequent generations
By the mid-1930s, second-generation Lingnan artists had gained sufficient recognition to hold their own exhibitions; others, such as Gao Jianfu's student Wu Peihui, were featured at international exhibitions. Most of these disciples only had local recognition. While Gao Qifeng's students remained in Guangdong, several of Gao Jianfu's students travelled to Japan to advance their knowledge; these included Fang Rending, Li Xiongcai, and .
However, as China–Japan relations soured in the 1930s, the school faced criticism for its Japanese influences. With the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the condemnation became more pointed. Efforts were made to recontextualize Japanese influences on the Lingnan school, with Gao Jianfu's student Jen Yu-wen arguing that "the Japanese have no art of their own. Whatever they have has been learned
from the Chinese" and "art should transcend all national and racial boundaries." Such efforts were futile, though further exhibitions of works from the Lingnan School were held in Macau, where Gao Jianfu had fled during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The artist prepared several works criticizing the war at this time, as did his pupils. After the war, Gao Jianfu returned to Guangdong, establishing the Jinshe Painting Society and the Nanzhong Academy of Fine Arts with his students.
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78603517
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingnan%20School
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Lingnan School
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Styles among subsequent generations of Lingnan Painters likewise varied. Gao Qifeng's style was emulated by his student Zhang Kunyi, such that Croizier describes her works as "at virtually indistinguishable from his". Paintings by Huang Shaoqiang are marked by bold outlines, with early works including colour usage that belie their Japanese origin. Portraits by Fang Rending, meanwhile, are marked by restrained outlines as well as what the critic Wu Zhao described as harmonious and innovative colour systems. Working through the 1950s, Chao Shao-an developed a style that placed less emphasis on realism, even as it continued the earlier tendency to use bright colours, and used stronger brushwork. Li Xiongcai and Guan Shanyue, both of whom remained active in mainland China, expanded the Lingnan School with aspects of socialist realism.
Subjects
Preferred subjects varied over time. The earliest works by members of the Lingnan School fall under the bird-and-flower genre, with some plants and insects also depicted. After the Gao brothers and Chen Shuren studied in Japan, they expanded their subject matter to include larger animals such as tigers, lions, and eagles, as well as landscapes. Flora varied, with works produced in Japan and immediately afterwards highlighting bamboo, while paintings completed in Guangdong used local plants such as banana leaves and kapok flowers; other subjects, such as chrysanthemums, pine trees, and lotus flowers, spanned both periods.
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78603563
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine%20Squadron%20%28Poland%29
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Submarine Squadron (Poland)
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Before being admitted to service on submarines, sailors had to undergo a three-month basic training in general military matters, conducted by the Fleet Cadre – the parent unit for all enlisted personnel serving on the navy ships. The necessary theoretical and practical knowledge for candidates to serve on submarines was obtained at the School for Maritime Specialists aboard the Bałtyk and on the ships of the training division, which included ORP Mazur, Kujawiak, , Generał Sosnkowski, and the tugboat . The course began with a three-week sea training session, which included rowing, sailing, general maritime knowledge, and the Ship Service Regulations. Both the division and the school ran courses for gunners, signalmen, torpedo miners, motor mechanics, drain operators, ship electricians, radiotelegraphers, medics, cooks, and administrative staff. Thanks to this type of training, sailors and non-commissioned officers acquired the theoretical preparation for submarine service, which was then supplemented by practical skills during special underwater swimming courses.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine%20Squadron%20%28Poland%29
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Submarine Squadron (Poland)
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Due to the lack of Polish traditions in submarine service, the preparation of crews for the first submarines was entrusted to the prestigious French École de Navigation Sous-Marine in Toulon. It was planned to train a significantly larger number of individuals, but due to France's imposed limit on the number of ordered submarines (reduced from 9 to 3 in favor of ordering 2 destroyers), only 132 officers, non-commissioned officers, and sailors were trained in France. However, the training of these individuals abroad allowed the training of further soldiers within Poland. Among the first to be trained in France were naval captains – Mieczysław Janicz, Stanisław Lasocki, Aleksander Mohuczy, Eugeniusz Pławski, Mikołaj Szemiot, Edward Szystowski – and lieutenants – Brunon Jabłoński, Alfred Jougan, Henryk Kłoczkowski, Andrzej Łoś, Radosław Nowakowski, and Władysław Salamon. After completing their training, these officers were engaged as instructors at the Polish School of Underwater Swimming in Toulon aboard the old battleship Condorcet, which aimed to prepare a larger number of individuals, especially non-commissioned officers, for underwater swimming. Its commander was Captain Eugeniusz Pławski. The training of non-commissioned officers at the Polish School of Underwater Swimming in Toulon enabled the completion of crews for three minelayers with well-prepared specialists, and laid the foundation for training young specialists in the following years through several-month underwater swimming courses held in Poland.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine%20Squadron%20%28Poland%29
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Submarine Squadron (Poland)
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The division's operations in the defense of the coast during the September Campaign were based on one of the variants of the operational plan developed by Captain Aleksander Mohuczy, codenamed Worek. This plan envisioned the star-shaped deployment of submarines around the Hel Peninsula and the western part of the Gdańsk Bay to defend access to Hel. The second operational plan, Burza No. 2/N, which called for offensive action against German convoys between Świnoujście and East Prussia and the laying of active minefields in the southern Baltic Sea between Cape Rozewie, Bornholm, Oderbank, and the area off Świnoujście, was not utilized.
The Fleet and division command also did not adopt the British-suggested offensive actions targeting vital German maritime communication lines between German ports and the Swedish port of Luleå. This decision was likely influenced by an order from Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły to Rear Admiral Jerzy Świrski on 26 July 1939, directing the navy to "disrupt maritime communication between Germany and East Prussia, defend Hel as the primary base for the navy, and defend Gdynia". While this strategy was somewhat based on the reasonable assumption that bases are essential for effective fleet operations, in the specific conditions of war with Germany in 1939, defending these bases exceeded the Fleet's capabilities, as neither Hel nor Gdynia were fortified naval strongholds.
| 2.359375
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78603563
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine%20Squadron%20%28Poland%29
|
Submarine Squadron (Poland)
|
The lack of targets permitted by orders and the continuous attacks by German anti-submarine forces in the designated operational sectors led to a shift in strategy. On September 5, with effect from September 7, the command altered the deployment of the units under the "Plan for Submarine Operations on Enemy Communication Lines" (without a codename), covering the area between the island of Bornholm and Cape Brüster Ort. However, due to erroneous reports about the sinking of several Polish submarines, the German command disregarded the existence of the Polish submarine division. On September 5, they lifted restrictions on shipping to East Prussia, while simultaneously mining the exits from the Baltic in neutral Danish and Swedish waters.
The new operational plan for Polish submarines also failed to achieve success, hindered by adherence to the London Protocol and the cautious approach of the submarine commanders. Additionally, the damaged Sęp and Żbik never reached their assigned sectors. Fuel reserves began to dwindle, and replenishing them or repairing minor damage at the Hel base was not feasible.
Internment of the submarines
With the deteriorating situation for Polish submarines operating in the Baltic, from 11 September 1939, a radio message was broadcast instructing them either to make their way to allied England or, upon exhausting their supplies, to seek internment in Swedish ports. The commanders of individual submarines were left to independently decide their next actions. Captain Bogusław Krawczyk, commander of Wilk, opted to attempt the journey to the United Kingdom, while the commanders of Ryś, Żbik, and Sęp decided to head for Swedish ports. Contrary to orders, Commander Henryk Kłoczkowski, in charge of the fully operational Orzeł with substantial supplies, made for Tallinn, Estonia.
| 2.265625
| 0
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78603592
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological%20perspectives%20on%20UFO%20belief
|
Psychological perspectives on UFO belief
|
Research published in 2017 by the journal Motivation and Emotion found that paranormal beliefs related to extraterrestrial life was partly motivated by the need for meaning in life and that persons who experienced a lack of life meaning demonstrated a higher propensity for such paranormal beliefs.
Harvard University psychiatrist John E. Mack suggested that some of the patients he examined related actual encounters with non-humans or non-human controlled UFOs that were not explainable as cases of mental illness or other differential experiences. A review committee convened by Harvard to examine Mack's work concluded he was not using "rational and scholarly" research methods. Mack's use of hypnosis to elicit purportedly repressed memories of abduction experiences has also been criticized. UCLA psychiatrist Fred Frankel, a critic of Mack's work, has noted that "hypnosis does not necessarily provide accurate recall ... in hypnosis fantasy and suggestion play a major role". Michael D. Yapko also criticized Mack's use of hypnosis, explaining that, during hypnosis, the hypnotized subject "can accept and respond to a suggested reality".
| 2.09375
| 0
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78603733
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1026%20Manju%20tsunami
|
1026 Manju tsunami
|
In 1994, Island Arc published the discovery of a sand layer about beneath the Masuda coastal plain which could only be explained as the result of a tsunami inundation. This layer comprised mud and medium to fine sand that originated from the sea. These materials, comprising coarse sediment grains and brackish benthic diatoms, were mixed with the estuary mud under tsunami-like conditions. The absence of bedded grading also suggest these materials had to be quickly transported onto the plain. A piece of wood from the excavated area, above the tsunami layer, was radiocarbon dated to 930±80 years before present, suggesting the layer may be evidence of the June 16, 1026 event. A water tank experiment suggest the tsunami was triggered by an undersea landslide, and a preserved landslide topography in the Sea of Japan may represent that trigger event. A numerical modelling estimated the mass failure volume at . The historical record does not document any seismic shaking from an earthquake before the tsunami arrived at the coast, however should an earthquake occur, its magnitude would be estimated at 7.8.
| 2.59375
| 0
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78604434
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace%20of%20the%20Generalitat%20Valenciana
|
Palace of the Generalitat Valenciana
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At the end of 1540, Genís Llinares was commissioned to create the roof of this large hall, with a corridor or perimeter gallery that evokes the Throne Room of the Palace of the Catholic Monarchs in the Aljafería of Zaragoza. The prominent presence of columns in the shape of a chandelier betrays the influence of Diego de Sagredo'sin ES treatise, published in 1526, as well as the sculptural tradition of the early Castilian Renaissance. Upon the death of Llinares in 1543, it would be his sons, Pere and Martí Llinares Blasco, who would be in charge of continuing the work, finishing it, between 1562 and 1565, the carpenter and sculptor Gaspar Gregori. The members of the Llinares family and Gregori are credited with the rich carved decoration and the wooden panels with scenes that are distributed throughout the ceiling. Joan Vergara was in charge of the work to build a porch and a flat roof with a parapet over the Sala Nova, which would be dismantled a few years later.
In 1568 the important plinths and pavement were tiled with ceramics from Manises, made by Joan Elies according to designs by "Joannes lo pintor", probably Juan de Juanes. In 1572 the Deputies hired the master Hernando de Santiago who had recently arrived in the city and was aware of the new models that were being introduced in the tile factories of Seville. After 1575 it would be Juan de Villalba, from Talavera, who continued the ceramic decoration for the building.
| 2.296875
| 0
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78604434
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace%20of%20the%20Generalitat%20Valenciana
|
Palace of the Generalitat Valenciana
|
In 1574 the master carpenter Gaspar Gregori "architector" was put in charge of directing and managing the works that were being carried out in the building. Gregori designed the traces and the molds with the technical advice of the stonemason Miquel Porcar, who would materially execute the work with his crew. The top of the tower, with a distinctly Renaissance character, is inspired by the plates of Serlio's treatise and features a new body of square windows, cornice, attic and classical balustrade topped with balls and pinnacles. A perimeter iron balcony was also added over the cornice under the attic, made by Joan Armaholea and Josep Monseu, as well as another much more elaborate one, executed by Baptista Cerdà, for the "Sala Nova" on the corner of Carrer dels Cavallers.
A few years later, the sculptors Joan Marià and Baptista April made the façade that connected the chapel and Sala Nova (1590), following the designs provided in 1584 by Pere de Gorssari, although they introduced some modifications based on Vignola's treatise on the side facing the Sala Nova.
| 2.15625
| 0
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78604434
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace%20of%20the%20Generalitat%20Valenciana
|
Palace of the Generalitat Valenciana
|
One end of the hall was reserved for the chapel, a common element in noble houses. The chapel is separated from the rest of the room by an iron grille and curtains. The primitive chapel consisted of an altar begun in 1514. This was originally decorated with the emblem of the Generalitat (Saint George, the Virgin Mary and the Guardian Angel), plus figures of prophets and seraphim, and it is an example of the early Renaissance in Valencia. At the beginning of the seventeenth century it was auctioned and a new altarpiece was commissioned. This is the work of Joan Sarinyena in terms of painting, and the structure was carved by Jaume de Fontestad. It is made up of three bodies: the central part is occupied by the Virgin enthroned with the child, flanked on the left by Saint George slaying the dragon, and on the right by the Guardian Angel, who wields the symbols of the Crown. In the predella, scenes from the life of Mary are represented: from left to right, the Annunciation, the Adoration of the Shepherds and the apparition of Saint Bernard. In the top, there is a representation of the Trinity.
Other rooms on this floor are the Sala del Fumeral and the Sala de Calixto III.
Sala de Corts or Sala de Nova (1540–1593)
The Sala Nova owes its name, erroneously, to a mistaken interpretation of the paintings in which elected deputies of the Generalitat appear. It was assumed that these representatives of the kingdom met here between convocations of the Cortes, but no session of the Sort with the presence of the king ever took place in this room.
The deputies, in addition to expanding the building with a new room, intended to turn it into the meeting room for their sessions, so they commissioned the master Genís Llinares, and after his death, his son Pere Martí Llinares, and finally, the carpenter and architect Gaspar Gregori completed the work in 1566. This ceiling is inspired by the Throne Room of the Aljafería Palace in Zaragoza.
| 2.421875
| 0
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78604576
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20Soria
|
Irene Soria
|
Martha Irene Soria Guzmán (Mexico City, 1983) is a professor, researcher, and doctor of Feminist Studies, as well as an activist for free software in Mexico. She studied at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, is a leading representative of Creative Commons México, and author of academic articles on various aspects of technology and society.
Career
Soria received degrees in design and visual communication from the Faculty of Arts and Design at NAUM, obtained a master's degree in Visual Arts with honors from the Academy of San Carlos, and a doctorate in Feminist Studies in the Social Sciences Division of the UAM-Xochimilco, with the thesis, En busca de las hacker: mujeres con prácticas computacionales especializadas (English: In search of hackers: women with specialized computational practices). As well as being a leading representative of Creative Commons México, she is integral to the Membership Committee of the CC Global Network Council, as well as of the Executive Committee.
Her work centers around the promotion of digital security, free software, technology, and hacker culture. She has been published in such media as Tierra Adentro, Liminar, Luchadoras, and Campus Party México, authored a book chapter on digital typography in e-books, and is an affiliated scientist with the International Panel on the Information Environment, a Switzerland-based NGO focused on international information technology issues. Soria is a feminist "hacktivist" who encourages women's participation in technology. She has been interviewed about technology and surveillance laws in Mexico by international media including Deutsche Welle and the Edusat network.
| 2.0625
| 0
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78604764
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Henry%20Clements
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George Henry Clements
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In 1905 Clements wrote and illustrated an article on crocodile hunting for Recreation magazine. He was no fan of the professional hunters who slaughtered the reptiles for the 25 or 50 cents they could earn selling their skins. He wrote: "There is no sufficiently expressive adjective in the English language to qualify the kind of sportsman who joyously butchers a sleeping 'gator adorning the shore of a romantic bayou in the Sunny South."
In 1913 Clements illustrated a collection of short lyrics, each having a refrain that pointed to a moral lesson. Called Daddy Do-Funny's Wisdom Jingles, the book was well-received when it first appeared in 1913 despite its use of Black dialect and the one-sided depiction of Black loyalty to White employers and former enslavers. A typical review at the time of its publication described the book as encompassing "the quaint charm of plantation life" and called the eponymous tale-teller a "loving old village philosopher full of the poetry and rhythm of his race." Crediting its author with a focus on gender issues and "tentative forays into feminist fiction", a modern reviewer said, "the atrocities of Reconstruction and the violent repression of blacks in the real South were forgotten as Stuart's humorous and pathetic black characters spoke garbled truths in dialect on behalf of a silenced and forgotten race." The book's poems, and its accompanying illustrations were mostly about animals. The one devoted to "The Canary" is an example: De little yaller cage-bird preems 'is wings
An' he mounts 'is pyerch an' sings an' sings;
He feels 'is cage, but I s'pec' he 'low
To take what comes an' sing anyhow!
An' you ain't by yo'self, little bird, in dat—
No, you ain't by yo'self in dat.
Reviewers did not comment on the quality of Clements's drawings, but at least on one occasion, a magazine reproduced one (in a 1913 review in The Bookman'').
| 2.265625
| 0
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78604764
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Henry%20Clements
|
George Henry Clements
|
Little has been written about Clements's work as an art teacher. One source says he was probably teaching while living in Boston and another source says he taught for a number of years after moving to New York.
Personal life and family
Clements's father was a prosperous physician, Joseph Baron Clements (1824–1854), who, while out hunting on his ranch, was killed by a bear in Clements's infancy. Soon after becoming widowed, Clements's mother, Elizabeth Louisa Toledano Clements, returned to her native New Orleans with Clements and his three older brothers. A member of the Toledano family, to which his mother belonged, owned a plantation near Opelousas, Louisiana, where Clements first encountered the plantation life that became the subject of many of his paintings.
The US Census for 1870 lists Clements's given name as Henry. A legal document filed in 1873 gives his name as Henry Terre Clements and a city directory of 1875 gives it as Henry G. Clements and lists him as a clerk. The issue of the same directory for the following year lists him as Henry G. Clements, an artist.
| 2.609375
| 0
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78604824
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asad%20Ali%20%28politician%29
|
Asad Ali (politician)
|
Mawlana Asad Ali (; died 14 November 2007) was a Bangladeshi Islamic scholar, politician, teacher and rebel. He was elected to the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly in 1970.
Early life and education
Asad Ali was born in the 20th century to a Bengali family in the village of Baneshwar in Madhabpur, Habiganj subdivision, Sylhet district, British Raj (now Bangladesh). He was a father to five sons and two daughters including former state minister Md. Mahbub Ali.
Ali completed his Bachelor of Arts from the Presidency College in Calcutta, and received his Master of Arts from the University of Calcutta.
Career
Ali began his career as a teacher. He also contributed to founding various institutions in Madhabpur. Ali became the president of the Awami League's Habiganj branch. He was elected to the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly as an Awami League candidate for Sylhet-18 at the 1970 elections but this assembly was not formed. Then the Bangladesh Liberation War broke out and so he helped with that.
Death
Ali died on 14 November 2007.
| 2.328125
| 0
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78604901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomankus
|
Lomankus
|
Lomankus posseses several unique traits compared to other megacheirans, including a terminal flagella, lack of eyes, and more greatly reduced endites and frontal appendages. Because of this, this taxon probably lived a more different lifestyle compared to its Cambrian relatives. Parry et al., 2024 suggests that this megacheiran most likely occupied a deposit feeding niche (feeding on dead, or decaying organic matter), and that the flagella on its frontal appendages most likely were used as sensory structures, compared to the raptorial nature they filled in other taxa. This indicates that megacheirans most likely diversified into other ecological niches following the transition from the Cambrian to the Ordovician, similarly to other groups like the radiodonts.
The ecosystem of the Beecher's Trilobite bed most likely inhabited very deep water, and has been compared to the various deep water faunas inhabiting enclosed basins off the coast of southern California. The depth of the area is indicated by the presence of other blind animals, including the trilobite Cryptolithus, and the majority of the other taxa known occupying deposit and suspension feeding niches. The presence of turbidite beds in the surrounding sediments also adds evidence to this theory, as they are often deposited in deep water areas. The main source of food in the ecosystem would've been marine snow, and other various organic material floating downward from shallower areas. The environment would've also been dysaerobic, which may have aided in killing the organisms before they were buried by sediments via turbidity currents. The contemporary fauna included various trilobites, graptolites, brachiopods, nautiloids, ostracods, poriferans, bryozoans, annelids, phyllocarids, bivalves, and echinoderms.
| 3.046875
| 0
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78605625
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina%20Sagaral%20Reyes
|
Lina Sagaral Reyes
|
Lina Sagaral Reyes (6 July 1961 – 14 December 2024) was a Filipino journalist. She was an award-winning environmental reporter.
Reyes was also an award-winning poet and advocated empowerment for women.
Early life and education
Reyes was born in Villalimpia, Bohol on 6 July 1961 and grew up there. She took courses in journalism and creative writing at Silliman University from 1978 until 1983.
Career
Journalism career
Reyes wrote for the Philippine Daily Inquirer and Mindanao Gold Star Daily as a correspondent.
Notable coverage
Reyes wrote exposes on sand dredging to accommodate an international resort in 1998; an investigation into an algal bloom in Macajalar Bay in 2000; and her in-depth probe into corporate pineapple farms and their carbon-negative claims in 2020.
Death
Reyes died at the Northern Mindanao Medical Center in Cagayan de Oro, on 14 December 2024, at the age of 63. Her colleagues at the Cagayan de Oro Press Club said that she was rushed there two days earlier, due to breathing difficulties, and that she was undernourished, with low blood pressure and surged sugar levels.
Awards and honours
1987 Palanca Award for Literature
1998: Jaime V. Ongpin Award for Investigative Journalism
2000: National Science and Technology Journalism Grand Prize
2020: Globe Media Excellence Award
| 1.976563
| 0
|
78605662
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Argentina%20%281946-1955%29
|
History of Argentina (1946-1955)
|
A stalemate of sorts ensued between Perón and his opposition and, despite austerity measures taken late in 1952 to remedy the country's unsustainable trade deficit, the president remained generally popular. In March 1954, Perón called a vice-presidential election to replace the late Hortensio Quijano, which his candidate won by a nearly two-to-one margin. Given what he felt was as solid a mandate as ever and with inflation in single digits and the economy on a more secure footing, Perón ventured into a new policy: the creation of incentives designed to attract foreign investment.
Drawn to an economy with the highest standard of living in Latin America and a new steel mill in San Nicolás de los Arroyos, automakers FIAT and Kaiser Motors responded to the initiative by breaking ground on new facilities in the city of Córdoba, as did the freight truck division of Daimler-Benz, the first such investments since General Motors' Argentine assembly line opened in 1926. Perón also signed an important exploration contract with Standard Oil of California, in May 1955, consolidating his new policy of substituting the two largest sources of that era's chronic trade deficits (imported petroleum and motor vehicles) with local production brought in through foreign investment. Arturo Frondizi, who had been the centrist Radical Civic Union's 1951 vice-presidential nominee, publicly condemned what he considered to be an anti-patriotic decision; as president three years later, however, he himself signed exploration contracts with foreign oil companies.
| 2.078125
| 0
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78605789
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20American%20Airlines%20Group
|
North American Airlines Group
|
Standard and Viking were two of the first irregular airlines to be shut down by the CAB for operating scheduled flights. Along with Charles C. Sherman's Airline Transport Carriers (ATC; Charles Sherman was Weiss's original partner in Standard before he established ATC) the three carriers petitioned the CAB in July 1948 for approval to offer scheduled service. In fact they were already offering scheduled service; in 1948, they were three of the top four irregular airlines offering cheap transcontinental flights. In October the CAB refused the petition. By then, Standard and Viking were working with each other, sharing joint ticket agencies, for instance. The CAB shut down Standard on 20 June (effective 20 July), 1949 and Viking on 5 June (effective 5 July) 1950 for holding themselves out to the public as scheduled airlines in willful and knowing violation of the regulations. For each company this meant revocation of the letter of registration that the CAB issued to irregular air carriers in lieu of a certificate. Standard suffered a fatal crash only a week before its final date (see Accidents). Under new owners, Viking continued to operate until 1956 as a contract carrier, otherwise known as a Part 45 carrier (no longer a common carrier, unable to offer service to the public, the carrier escaped CAB regulation).
| 1.960938
| 0
|
78607200
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuzhat%20al-Khawatir
|
Nuzhat al-Khawatir
|
Nuzhat al-Khawatir wa Bahjat al-Masam' wa al-Nawazir (), commonly abbreviated as Nuzhat al-Khawatir, is an 8-volume Arabic historical account of Greater Indian Muslim figures, primarily scholars, spanning the 1st to 14th centuries AH, corresponding to the 7th and 20th centuries CE. It was originally published by Dairatul Maarifil Osmania between 1931 and 1968, comprising approximately 4,500 entries. Authored by Abdul Hai Hasani, the work is widely regarded as his magnum opus, with seven volumes completed before his death in 1923, and the final volume left unfinished and later completed by his son, Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi, after which the entire series was republished under the title Al-I'lam biman fi Tarikh al-Hind min al-A'lam''' (). The second volume of the series was published first, as a supplement to Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani's Al-Durar al-Kaminah. Compiled using 300 sources in Persian, Urdu, and Arabic, the work distinguishes itself from traditional Indo-Persianate historical narratives by adopting a methodical and objective approach to religious personalities. Aimed at introducing the role of Indian Muslim figures to the Arab world, the work is organized chronologically: the first volume covers the 1st to 7th centuries AH, while each subsequent volume focuses on a specific century from the 8th century AH onward.
Conceptual background
| 2.296875
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78607318
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sima%20Wei%20%28Jingyao%29
|
Sima Wei (Jingyao)
|
Sima Wei (; died July 301), courtesy name Jingyao (景曜), childhood name A-pi (阿皮), was a son of Sima Hong (Prince Ping of Hejian), a grandson of Sima Wang (Prince Cheng of Yiyang), and a great-grandson of Sima Fu, Prince Xian of Anping and a younger brother of Sima Yi, regent of the Cao Wei state during the Three Kingdoms era. Besides his heritage, Sima Wei was best known for being one of a few people (possibly the only one) to be requested for execution by Emperor Hui of Jin.
Background and life under Emperor Wu
Sima Wei was born to Sima Hong in an unknown year. When Sima Hong's second cousin Sima Yan (Emperor Wu and son of Sima Zhao) usurped the throne from Cao Huan in February 266, Sima Hong, together with his younger brother Sima Mao, father, uncles and grandfather, were made princes on 9 February. Sima Wang died in August 271, while Sima Fu died in April the following year. Sima Hong died on 7 March 276, and Sima Wei inherited his princedom. In October 277, the title of Prince of Hejian was given to Wei's cousin Sima Yong, while Sima Wei was appointed Prince of Zhangwu. In June or July 288, Sima Qi, son of Sima Yi (Wang's eldest son), lost his title of Prince of Yiyang due to an offence. Sima Wei was then appointed Prince of Yiyang.
During Emperor Hui's reign and death
In May 290, just under two years after Wei was appointed Prince of Yiyang, Emperor Wu died. Emperor Wu's successor, Emperor Hui was developmentally disabled; his reign saw a series of regents who ruled on his behalf. Sima Wei's activities during the regencies of Yang Jun, Sima Liang and Wei Guan (who were co-regents), and Emperor Hui's wife Empress Jia Nanfeng, were poorly documented. He obtained his first position towards the end of the Yuan'kang era (291-299).
| 1.921875
| 0
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78607344
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanna%20the%20Deaconess
|
Susanna the Deaconess
|
Susanna the Deaconess () is a deaconess, cross-dressing saint and martyr who supposedly lived in Palestine in the 4th century.
According to her hagiographies, she chose to devote herself entirely to the Christian faith by cross-dressing as a man and joining a male monastery under the name "John". There, she led a pious life until she was discovered following false accusations of rape within the monastic community. She was later appointed as a deaconess by the bishop of Eleutheropolis. Finally, she would have been martyred under grim circumstances in the early 4th century in this city.
Her memory is commemorated on 15 December in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Biography
According to the hagiographical accounts about her, Susanna was born in Palestine during the reign of emperor Maximian (286–305). Her mother, Martha, is said to have been Hebrew, while her father was reportedly a Greek polytheistic priest named Artemios. She is said to have been pious from a young age and would have converted willingly, being catechized and then baptized by a priest named Silvanos.
After the death of her parents, she is said to have sold all her possessions, distributed her entire fortune to the poor, and decided to join a male monastery in Jerusalem. Disguising herself as a man, she cut her hair and adopted the name "John". There, she reportedly stood out for her piety and was eventually appointed archimandrite.
Her life in the monastery is said to have gone relatively smoothly for about twenty years after she joined. However, she would have been accused by a female visitor of attempting to rape her. The hagiographies assert her innocence, claiming that the truth was that the accuser had actually tried to seduce her and, failing to do so, resolved to accuse her of rape instead.
| 1.90625
| 0
|
78607422
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20asparaginate
|
Potassium asparaginate
|
Potassium asparaginate is a potassium salt of L-asparagine amino acid.
Potassium asparaginate can be considered both a salt and a coordination complex. As a salt, potassium asparaginate is formed when the potassium ion () replaces the hydrogen ion () in the carboxyl group of L-asparagine, an amino acid; in this process, the carboxyl group (COOH) in L-asparagine loses hydrogen which is replaced by potassium. As a coordination complex, in the context of coordination chemistry, the potassium ion coordinates with the L-asparagine, forming a stable structure where the central (metal) ion is surrounded by and associated with the L-asparagine, a ligand (complexing molecule), through coordinate covalent bonds.
Chemical properties
The composition by mass of elemental potassium () in potassium asparaginate () is approximately 23%, given that the molar mass of a potassium atom (K) is 39.1 grams per mole (g/mol), and the molar mass of a potassium asparaginate is 170.21 g/mol (39.1/170.21≈23%).
The solubility of potassium asparaginate, in g/100ml of various solvents (water, ethanol, methanol), at temperatures of 30, 35 and 40 degree Celsius, is the following:
Synthesis
Potassium asparaginate can be obtained from L-asparagine and potassium fluoride (KF) in a chemical reaction which yields potassium asparaginate and hydrofluoric acid (HF).
Applications
| 2.84375
| 0
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78607722
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelt%20Woods
|
Gelt Woods
|
Gelt Woods is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in the valley of the River Gelt. It is located 2km south of Brampton, near the village of Low Geltbridge in Cumbria, England. This protected area includes exceptional gorge woodland at a location where the River Gelt has cut through the New Red Sandstone. The area is protected because of the rare species of moss and liverworts and because of the diversity of woodland bird species. Part of the protected area is owned and managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
Details
Tree species within Gelt Woods include sessile oak and beech has also been introduced here. Woodland herbs include bilberry, wood sorrel and pignut as well as the ferns broad buckler fern and male fern.
Riverside woodland includes the tree species ash, wych elm and alder. In this riverside woodland include dog's mercury, wood avens, sanicle, wood anemone, woodruff and wood melick. The herbs moschatel, opposite-leaved golden saxifrage and alternate-leaved golden saxifrage are present in wet flushes. In damp areas, beech fern is present and the liverworts Fissidens exiguus and Lepidozia sylvatica have been recorded.
Bird species recorded at Gelt Woods include pied flycatcher, redstart and wood warbler.
Land ownership
Part of the land within Gelt Woods SSSI is owned and managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
| 2.34375
| 0
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78607743
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese%20political%20crisis%20%282019%E2%80%93present%29
|
Lebanese political crisis (2019–present)
|
According to a survey conducted by the Arab barometer, approximately 80 percent of citizens report that the availability and affordability of food are significant concerns. Sixty-eight percent have indicated that they have occasionally or frequently had no food left before they were able to purchase more. From the seven countries surveyed since September 2023, all predominantly Arab, respondents from Lebanon expressed the lowest satisfaction levels in the region regarding access to essential services such as water, electricity, internet, and healthcare. Lebanese participants also reported the highest frequency of electricity outages, with 92 percent experiencing weekly interruptions—43 percentage points higher than the next most affected region, the Palestinian territories, surveyed before October 7 2023. Similarly, 65 percent of Lebanese citizens who responded to the survey reported weekly water shortages, a figure 17 percentage points higher than the next most affected region, again the Palestinian territories.
Amid these conditions, infrastructure has become increasingly fragile. According to Amin Salam, the Lebanese minister of economy and trade, communications and transportation networks are in decline, and together with the vulnerability of the country's ports and airports, Lebanon is at risk of becoming completely isolated.
Fuel and energy crisis
Power in Lebanon is largely dependent on a single service provider, Electricité du Liban (EDL), which generates and distributes electricity for the entire country. However, a number of privately owned distributers of electricity generated by EDL also exist as does a huge number of privately owned diesel generators supplying low voltage electricity to local households.
| 2.453125
| 0
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78607901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian%20expedition%20to%20the%20Levant%20%281099%E2%80%931100%29
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Venetian expedition to the Levant (1099–1100)
|
After they left Rhodes, the Venetians went on to Myra on the southern coast of Asia Minor, where they "miraculously" obtained the remains of Saint Nicholas, his uncle Nicholas and Saint Theodore the Martyr, notwithstanding the fact that the relics of Saint Nicholas had already been stolen in 1087 by sailors from Bari and brought to that city, where they were housed in a specially built church. The story, as told by the Venetian sources, is that they found three tombs in the church, of which one, that belonging to Saint Nicholas, was empty, as the sailors from Bari had taken it; but after Bishop Enrico prayed for a long time, a fragrant odour revealed the location of another grave, where the real Saint Nicholas lay buried. The miraculous nature of the discovery was further strengthened by the presence in the tomb of a fresh palm leaf, while an inscription in Greek purportedly revealed this to be the saint's real burial place.
The Greek Orthodox bishop of Myra protested the desecration and robbery of his church, comparing the Venetians to the Turks. The Venetians returned one of the reliquaries and 100 gold coins for the damage they had inflicted, but kept the relics. With this acquisition, the Bishop of Castello obtained a patron saint of his own to rival Saint Mark, whose relics had likewise miraculously appeared in Saint Mark's Basilica, the chapel of the Doge of Venice, a few years earlier.
| 2.640625
| 0
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78608128
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyayasara
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Nyayasara
|
Nyayasara (Sanskrit: न्यायसार, Romanised: Nyāyasāra) is an ancient treatise in the Nyaya school of thought in the Indian philosophy. It was authored by the Indian philosopher Bhasarvajna during the period of 10th century CE in the Indian subcontinent. The original text of Nyayasara was written in the language of the Sanskrit literature.
Etymology
Nyayasara is a compound Sanskrit word having two terms Nyaya and Saara. The term Nyaya is the name of the school of logic in the Indian philosophy and the second term Saara translates as summary or essence. Thus the literal meaning of the compound term Nyayasara is "The Essence of Logic".
Description
Nyayasara is an important treatise in the tradition of Nyaya school of Indian philosophy authored by the eminent Naiyayika Bhāsarvajña. It was written during the period of the 10th century CE. In the text Nyayasara, Bhasarvajna attempted to reduce the sixteen categories of the original Nyaya Sutras of Akshapada Gautama, into one. Similarly the author had considered only three pramāṇas for the valid sources of knowledge. They are pratyakṣa, anumāna and śabda. According to the text Nyayasara, the pramāṇa which is the means of correct knowledge, should be free from any doubt and error.
Later the author Bhasarvajna also wrote a commentary on his own treatise Nyayasara. The commentary is known as Nyayabhushana.
| 2.28125
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78608488
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Black%20Sea%20oil%20spill
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2024 Black Sea oil spill
|
Kerch Strait
The Kerch Strait separates the Kerch Peninsula in Crimea and the Taman Peninsula in Russia's Krasnodar Krai, connecting the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Several ships have been either damaged or sunk in storms in or near the Kerch Strait.
was carrying 4,800 tonnes of fuel oil when she anchored in the Kerch Strait in a storm in November 2007. She split in two, spilling from 1,300 to 1,600 tonnes of oil, resulting in "tens of kilometres" of pollution on both sides of the Kerch Strait. 13 crew members were rescued, and four other ships sank in the storm.
On 19 April 2017, the Panamanian-registered 3,500 tonne bulk carrier Geroi Arsenala split in two and sank about south of the Taman Peninsula between the Port of Azov in Rostov Oblast and Turkey while carrying grain in a storm. One crew member was rescued, while a further two were later found dead; nine were missing.
In November 2023, the Strait was closed due to severe stormy weather as a measure to prevent damage to ships. Despite this, during the closure, two ships, Matros Shevchenko and Matros Pozynich, stopped close to each other in the Strait. The pair collided at low speed, drifting into an anchored ship, Kavkaz-5.
Environmental issues in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
The Black Sea and the Sea of Azov have faced numerous issues since the 20th century including the polluting effects of the aforementioned incidents and from nearby ports and rivers; the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, with ships being sunk, underwater explosions and Russia using protected lands as training grounds or extraction sites for materials; overfishing; invasive species; and climate change. These issues have caused changes to the local ecosystems and caused some species to disappear.
| 2.546875
| 0
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78608488
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Black%20Sea%20oil%20spill
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2024 Black Sea oil spill
|
Birds covered in oil have been found on Georgia's Black Sea coast. A rescue centre was opened in Vityazevo, with volunteers working to remove oil from affected birds and veterinarians deciding whether they should be released or moved elsewhere. An ornithologist who arrived at the centre on 24 December stated that "...with many of these birds, there’s damage to the fatty layer coating their feathers. This layer prevents them from getting wet and freezing when they dive. If we release them now, they’ll freeze. Of course, many can’t fly properly anyway and would just die. We may need to wait until spring when the birds molt and grow new feathers."
By 8 January, about 5,550 birds had been rescued, though Ukrainian biologist Ivan Rusev estimated that about 10% of the birds brought to rehabilitation centres survive. At the Pelikan Centre, a seabird rehabilitation centre in Russia, 175 of the 1,051 birds sent there had died as of that date. He further estimated that, by some time three weeks after the incident, the death count could be between 15,000–20,000, though he believed that that figure was "only the visible part of the iceberg".
Dmitry Glazov, a research associate at the Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, stated that the incident affected a "critical area" for dolphins in the Black Sea, believing that it could "impact the ecosystem for at least another 10 years, if not longer." By 5 January, 61 cetaceans had been found dead. Of those, the Delfa Dolphin Rescue and Research Centre reported that, based on the condition of the bodies, 32 had been killed by the spill. The majority of them had been killed within the first 10 days, with a large portion of the bodies being that of Azov dolphins, an endangered species of harbour porpoise. Delfa further reported that, between 5–11 January, another 28 dolphins were found dead as a result of the spill.
| 2.40625
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78608897
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolitan%20nationalism
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Cosmopolitan nationalism
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Examples of cosmopolitan nationalism
Researchers have utilized cosmopolitan nationalism as an analytical framework to examine the various ways that educational trends are characterized by complex interplays between national priorities and the pressures to internationalize and adhere to global standards. Cases across different educational systems demonstrate how cosmopolitan nationalism manifests in policy, programming, and practice, such as, for example, the focus on how national educational objectives are aligned with international education objectives in IB programs.
China maintains 267 International Baccalaureate schools, including 31 public institutions, under strict government oversight to ensure alignment with national educational objectives while providing international education.
Israel integrates International Baccalaureate programs to improve national education standards and enhance global reputation while using IB's neutral framework to promote dialogue between Jewish and Arab students.
The United Kingdom's post-Brexit Turing Scheme (replacement for Erasmus+) demonstrates limitations of cosmopolitan nationalism, as it prioritizes national economic interests over developing cosmopolitan competencies.
| 2.265625
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78609185
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir%20Mast%20Afridi
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Mir Mast Afridi
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Mir Mast Khan Afridi () was a Pashtun revolutionary soldier of the British Indian Army who defected to the Central Powers to support the Ottoman cause from Afghanistan inciting other Pashtun Muslim defections from the Afghan frontier during the First World War.
Biography
Mir Mast hailed from the Qambarkhēl Afridi tribe of Terah from the village of Kharkay. His elder brother was Mir Dast who was a recipient of the Victoria Cross for his gallantry in the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915.
Upon the outbreak of the First World War, over one million Indian soldiers were mobilised to fight the Central Powers in Asia, Africa and Europe. Mir Mast arrived in France in 1914 where his brother Mir Dast was also serving. He was under the 58 Vaughan's Rifles and fought in the Battle of Neuve Chapelle. On a chilly rainy night on the 2nd and 3 March 1915, Mir Mast led either 14 or 22 other Afridi Pashtun soldiers to defect. He then partook in a belligerent engagement with British troops causing savage losses and was said to have been decorated with the Iron Cross on April 24 by the Kaiser himself, Wilhelm II.
He set out on a Jihad against the British Empire travelling via Constantinople to Kabul. He met the chief religious scholar of Turkey who conferred upon him the title of Mujahid-i-Millat and the Islamic flag as an emblem. He supported the Ottoman Caliphate and was determined to raise a force with Turkish and German assistance to resist the British. He was sent to Afghanistan as an envoy to persuade an Afghan entry into the war which was not accomplished. However, in May 1915 Afghan military chief Prince Nasrullah Khan gave an assurance to finance expeditions in the Tirah Valley. Mir Mast also made contact with Haji Sahib of Turangzai who was occupied fighting the British with the Mohmand tribe. Peshawar Commissioner George Roos-Keppel discovered the plot and burned the houses of Mir Mast and his companions in an attempt to corner him.
| 2.171875
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78610616
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hottinguer%20coal%20mine
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Hottinguer coal mine
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The Hottinguer coal mine was one of the main collieries of the Épinac coal mine. The buildings, raised between 1872 and 1876, housed a revolutionary atmospheric extraction system: a piston moving in a 558 m-high tube, machined in Le Creusot (an original technique by engineer Zulma Blanchet), rather than by traditional cables, which at the time were unable to descend to such depths (over 600 m), making it the deepest mine shaft in France when it was commissioned in 1871.
After its closure in 1936, it was converted into a paint factory in 1948 by the BITULAC company, before being abandoned in 1998, barely ten years after the fire of March 12, 1989. It was listed as a historic monument by decree on November 26, 1992, and was classified by decree on October 11, 2022, which superseded the original listing. The Malakoff Tower and its wings have been undergoing renovation since late 2012. The construction of a photovoltaic power plant near the old buildings is currently under study.
Sinking
The Hottinguer mine was sunk not far from the Garenne mine, as engineers believed it would provide an extension of the coal beds, with an estimated reserve of 400 million hectoliters. The sinking of the shaft began on May 26, 1863.
By 1868, the shaft had reached a depth of 447 meters, and the engineers realized that the inclination of the geological strata had changed. While the engineers thought they'd find coal at a depth of 530 meters, they still didn't reach it at 600 meters. Finally, on November 17, 1871, at a depth of 618 meters and 110 meters from the bottom, the coal (a 4-metre thick layer) was reached after digging a traverse bank, making it the deepest mine shaft in France.
Mining
Before 1884, production from the Hottinguer mine remained low for several reasons: the pneumatic system was difficult to set up, the 40 hp steam engine was insufficient and the strata encountered were of poor quality. Around 1884-1885, production increased thanks to discoveries on level 618 and the now reliable pneumatic system.
| 2.890625
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78610616
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hottinguer%20coal%20mine
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Hottinguer coal mine
|
In 1887, following the death of Mr. Blanchet, tube mining was stopped and cable mining was concentrated on floor 618. In 1910, the power station at the Hottinguer mine sold electricity as far away as Autun and Meursault. The Hottinguer mine ceased mining for good in 1936, thirty years before the complete closure of the Épinac basin.
Surface installations
The size and originality of the Hottinguer mine building make it unique in France. This type of architecture, known as the Malakoff tower, was quite common in Germany. The headframe and the extraction machine were grouped in the same building. The Épinac coal mines' atypical choice was inspired by Belgian and German systems, but also by the constraints associated with the specificity of the atmospheric process, which required the housing of very cumbersome aerial installations, hence the height of the tower.
Pneumatic tube extraction
In 1871, conventional cable extraction techniques were unable to equip a shaft as deep as the Hottinguer mine, so a pneumatic system was devised by Zulma Blanchet.
This system uses a tube running the length of the shaft, with a piston inside. A pneumatic machine is placed on the mine's floor to suck in the air contained in the tube. During ascent, the pneumatic machine draws in the air above the piston, causing it to rise in the tube. On the descent, the air is reintroduced into the tube via valves that regulate the fall of the piston and cage.
Application to the Hottinguer mine
On June 10, 1873, a ministerial decision authorized the use of the pneumatic process at the Hottinguer coal mine. The tube was manufactured at Le Creusot and installed in the mid-1870s. The first test took place on July 23, 1876, with the piston ascending in twenty minutes to a height of 558 meters. Extraction through the tube began at the end of August 1876.
| 2.8125
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78611223
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus%20altidens
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Equus altidens
|
Distribution and chronology
Equus altidens is known from remains found across Europe, Spanning from the Iberian Peninsula to Italy and Greece, northwards to Germany and Britain, and as far eastwards as Georgia in the Caucasus. Other possible records are known from Romania, Turkey, Tajikistan, Hungary, and Russia. Authors have differed about the timing of the earliest appearance of the species, ranging from as late as 1.2 million years ago to as early as 1.8 million years ago, with recent research supporting the earlier end of the range, with the earliest records coming from the Dmanisi site in Georgia. The youngest remains of the species date to around 600,000 years ago, when the species like other European "stenonine" equines was replaced by early caballine true horses belonging to the species Equus mosbachensis.
Ecology
Dental wear analysis that Equus altidens had an abraisive, largely grazing based diet, though it may have seasonally engaged in mixed feeding. It often co-occurred alongside another larger "stenonine" equine, Equus suessenbornensis. Evidence suggests that this species had a diet that consisted of considerably more browse than E. altidens, suggesting dietary niche partitioning between the two species. Equus altidens is thought to have primarily inhabited arid, open habitats. Isotopic analysis from the Venta Micena locality in southeast Spain dating to the Early Pleistocene, around 1.6 million years ago, suggests that at this locality Equus altidens was regularly preyed upon by sabertooth cats, including the lion sized Homotherium, and the smaller, jaguar sized Megantereon.
Relationship with humans
At the Fuente Nueva-3 site in Spain, during the late Early Pleistocene around 1.2 million years ago, cut marks found on bones indicate butchery of Equus altidens by archaic humans, likely Homo antecessor.
| 2.59375
| 0
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78611225
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy%20of%20Sielu%C5%84
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Duchy of Sieluń
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This marked the beginning of the Sieluń gentry's struggle to gain rights equal to those of the Polish nobility and to free themselves from clerical oversight. The first step in this process involved appealing to the Mazovian vicegerent, who supported the Sieluń gentry. In response, the Płock parson raided noble villages and confiscated documents proving their noble status – the only legal basis for seeking emancipation from ecclesiastical rule. In 1595, inspired by the parson, the Różan Land's nobility assembly excluded the Sieluń gentry from its ranks and denied their noble status. In 1598, Provost Andrzej Opaliński imposed the obligation of tithe payments on the Sieluń gentry and, for the first time, adopted the title of duke. However, his successors did not continue this practice. It was not until 1723 that Teodor Kazimierz Czartoryski, who held a princely title by birth, retained this title as the Sieluń provost – a tradition his successors upheld despite lacking legal grounds.
By the mid-18th century, the entire Sieluń gentry collectively sought to abolish ecclesiastical overlordship, reigniting the conflict. Until then, only individual nobles had attempted to prove their noble status. A series of legal battles and appeals to the Sejm culminated in the Great Sejm's resolution on 29 November 1791, which completely abolished clerical jurisdiction over the Sieluń gentry. Anticipating this outcome, Płock Provost Marcin Szeptycki voluntarily relinquished authority over the Sieluń gentry. The Duchy of Siewierz Duchy nobility faced a similar fate. Simultaneously, however, the same Sejm legitimized the title of "Duke of Sieluń", which the Płock cathedral parsons used until 1817.
The benefice estates held by the parsons were seized by the Prussian government after the partitions of Poland. They were later granted to Michel Ney during the Duchy of Warsaw era and ultimately fell under the control of Congress Poland government.
| 2.53125
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78611507
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Beau%20%28footballer%29
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Henri Beau (footballer)
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Adopting a pseudonym
On 27 August 1910, CAP left the USFSA and founded the Ligue de Football Association (LFA), and Beau himself was one of the founding members, alongside CAP's president Michel Fontaine, and Red Star's president Jules Rimet. During the summer of 1910, Beau's name disappeared from the reports, to make way for Coulon's, his pseudonym, which he only adopted after 13 years of career and with a well-established reputation. During his lifetime, the newspapers respected his desire for anonymity, since it was only after his death, in June 1928, that they revealed that "Henri Beau was under the name of Coulon". The reasons for this sudden change remain unclear, but it was most likely related to the change of federations, since the LFA was a single-sport organization, dealing only with football, and not water polo, which meant that the CAP water polo section remained affiliated with the USFSA, of which Beau was the team captain, and even a international for the French national team. It was hard to be affiliated with two opposing federations, in two different sports, but his pseudonym would allow Beau to remain affiliated with the USFSA to play water polo, while Coulon played football at the LFA.
On 12 March 1911, Coulon started in the final of the 1910–11 LFA Championship at the Charentonneau, keeping a clean-sheet in a 1–0 win over Red Star. This victory allowed the club to compete in the 1911 Trophée de France, an inter-federation national competition organized by the CFI; Coulon started in the final on 11 June against Étoile des Deux Lacs, winners of the FGSPF, in which he kept another clean-sheet in another 1–0 victory, thus winning a trophy that had been donated by Pierre de Coubertin himself. The journalists of L'Auto stated that the winner's best players were "Coulon, C. Bilot, Bigué, Cyprès, and Gravier".
Two years later, on 30 March 1913, Coulon started in a Challenge International de Paris match against Red Star at the Charentonneau, which ended in a 3–1 loss.
| 2.015625
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78611507
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Beau%20%28footballer%29
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Henri Beau (footballer)
|
International career
In March 1902, Beau played for a Paris XI that went to London to challenge Marlow FC, which ended in a 4–0 loss. In 1903 and 1904, the USFSA selected him to play two unofficial matches between France and English club Corinthian, in which he conceded a total of 22 goals (0–11 and 4–11, respectively). The French press of the time stated that "Beau, whose composure is nevertheless well known, was absolutely helpless at not even being able to try to save his goals. A few whistles were heard in his direction, very unfairly, because there is nothing to be done against shots from three meters away".
Beau earned all of his five caps for France in a space of five months in 1911, at almost 30 years old, and under his new pseudonym of Coulon. His best performance came in his second appearance against England amateurs on 23 March, since he only conceded three goals, which was by far the lowest total in previous France-England matches (15–0, 12–0, 11–0 and 10–1); not to mention that the first English goal was only scored following a collision between Beau and his defender Alfred Compeyrat. With France, he lost all of his five matches while conceding 20 goals, doing so with a worrying progression: 3, then 5, and finally 7, in a friendly against Belgium in Brussels. In fact, Coulon was acting as France's "interim goalkeeper", replacing Louis Tessier, who had to leave for military service in October 1910, and being replaced by Pierre Chayriguès, who would be the first world-class French goalkeeper.
| 2.09375
| 0
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78611833
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Moigneu
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Henri Moigneu
|
On one occasion, in 1912, the local press stated that "Moigneu single-handedly does the work of 3 ordinary class halves; he is a distributor of play of the quality of Ducret, knowing how to serve his unmarked forward". In 1913, he started in the final of the 1913 USFSA Northern Championship, which ended in a 2–0 loss to Olympique Lillois.
International career
On 2 April 1905, the 18-year-old Moigneu was selected by the USFSA to play for the Northern France football team in the very first Paris-Nord match, which served as a sort of annual test match for the French national team, which ended in a 4–1 loss. Two years later, on 9 May, he started in another Paris-Nord match, being involved in one of his side's goal in an eventual 3–1 win. After the Paris-Nord match of 1908, the English referee Albert Collier stated that "Moigneu, at the moment, is the best full-back I know".
Despite losing the 1905 match, Moigneu performed well enough to earn his first international cap in the following month, on 7 May 1905, making his debut against Belgium at Brussels, which ended in a 0–7 loss. In his first three matches with France, the team conceded an average of 9 goals per game, but despite this, the Belgian manager Louis Muhlinghaus, one of the founders of FIFA, ironically stated that "the French defense, except for Moigneu, hardly defends you". He played a further five matches for a total of eight caps, the last of which coming on 10 May 1908, against the Netherlands, which ended in a 1–4 loss. Five months later, in October 1908, the USFSA selected him for the French squad that was going to compete in the football tournament of the 1908 Olympic Games in London, but Moigneu was unavailable due to military service.
| 2.125
| 0
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78611850
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus%20major
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Equus major
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Equus major is an extinct species of large equine native to Europe during the Early Pleistocene epoch.
Taxonomy
The species was first recognised as Equus stenonis race major in 1893 by Delafond and Depéret, 1893 based on remains found near Chagny, France. In 1954, Equus bressanus was proposed as a replacement name, but later authors have judged that the 1893 naming has priority, with the correct name being E. major. It is considered to be a "stenonine" equine with a close relationship to other Early Pleistocene European equines, with a close relationship in particular being suggested with the later Equus suessenbornensis.
Description
Equus major was a very large equine, with an estimated body mass ranging from to over in the largest individuals. The limb bones are massive. There are a number of distinctive dental characters.
Distribution and chronology
Equus major is known from fossils across Europe, spanning from France, Britain, and the Netherlands in the west, eastwards to Romania and southern Russia. These remains span from the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, around 2.6-2.5 million years ago, to around 1.8 million years ago, to the end of the Gelasian stage of the Early Pleistocene. Remains from Spain previously attributed to E. cf major are now attributed to Equus livenzovensis.
Ecology
Unlike living equines, Equus major is thought to have had a diet ranging from that of a browser to a mixed feeder based on dental wear analysis. It is suggested to have been associated with forested, humid environments. It is found at some localities with the somewhat smaller fellow "stenonine" Equus stenonis.
| 2.59375
| 0
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78611898
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20Ferm%C3%ADn%20de%20Echevers%20y%20Subisa
|
Pedro Fermín de Echevers y Subisa
|
Pedro Fermín de Echevers y Subisa (-?) was the governor of the New Spain provinces of Coahuila and Texas between 1712 and 1714.
Biography
Subisa was named governor of the provinces of Coahuila and Texas between 1711 and 1712. He began his government in the latter of these years.
During his administration, particularly in 1713, the indigenous tribe of the "tripas blancas" (white guts) staged a revolt under the leadership of the chief Dieguillo. Subisa did not believe he would be able to suppress the revolt. For this reason, he and the Captain for Life of the Presidio of Río Grande José Antonio de Ecay y Múzquiz, future governor of Coahuila and Texas, asked for help from the viceroy of New Spain the Duke of Linares. At his request, Ecay y Musquiz asked the mayor of
Saltillo Juan Fermín de Casa Fermiza to send a troop to suppress the revolt. However, in 1714, before the meeting of the junta in Saltillo was held, Subisa was assassinated by the soldier Sebastian Maldonado. Thus, the government of Coahuila and Texas was vacant until the appointment of Juan Valdez. The junta, held in that city on August 5, 1714, unanimously approved sending aid to stop the revolt, although it was reported that Subisa had been assassinated. However, Dieguillo decided to abandon the revolt, so the planned aid was discarded.
| 2.15625
| 0
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78612259
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayan%20pop
|
Visayan pop
|
Vispop is characterized by simple melodies and emotional, poetic lyricism. A November 2022 study by Mesiona et al. credits the balak, a traditional Cebuano art form, for the poetic qualities of the genre. Balak refers to spoken poetry, often used in courtship. Although it has largely fallen out of use among younger generations of Cebuanos, who deem the art form "cheesy", its legacy can be felt in the eloquence and sweetness of Vispop.
Definitions and etymology
The term "Vispop" is simply derived from Visayan pop or Visayan popular music. Lorenzo "Insoy" Niñal, a member of the Visayan Pop Songwriting Campaign committee, said in 2019, "We have different languages in the Visayas. We accept that. We are sensitive to nuances, that's why it is [called] Bisaya, not Cebuano pop." In practice, however, the term Vispop is mainly used in reference to popular music written in the Cebuano language, not all Visayan languages.
Characteristics
In an interview with Kara Angan of Billboard Philippines, Boholano singer-songwriter Joseph Gara identified a "distinct Bisaya melody" common to Vispop songs. He said that the melody was simple and did not have many complicated elements. He attributed it to the loose structure of traditional Cebuano songs from which the genre evolved, noting that such songs lacked the rigid song structures of Western music. Ruben Almendras of The Freeman described Cebuano musicality as "a mixture of Asian, Spanish and Chinese influences".
| 2.3125
| 0
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78612427
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOBEDI
|
SOBEDI
|
In 1935, the company expanded its operations by acquiring a pressing and printing plant at Waalse Krook in Ghent, previously owned by Chantal and later Edison Bell following Chantal's bankruptcy in 1932. SOBEDI's flagship label, Olympia, became synonymous with its recording activities and lent its name to the Olympia Studio in Brussels, where its recording operations were based. Frans Verbeeck served as the label's A&R manager, overseeing artist and repertoire decisions.
Post- World War II expansion and the African Series
After World War II, SOBEDI capitalized on renewed travel opportunities between Belgium and its colony, the Belgian Congo. Fernand Janssens brought a portable direct-to-disc recording machine to Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa), where SOBEDI technicians recorded traditional and emerging modern Congolese musicians. These recordings, including performances by Antoine Wendo Kolosoy and his Victoria Kin, Orchestre Odéon Kinois, Camille Feruzi, the Chanteurs à la Croix de Cuivre (singers of the copper cross, from the mines in Katanga), and even a Lingala language course, were pressed into 78 RPM records in Ghent under Olympia's African Series and related labels Kongo Bina and Lomeka. While initially targeted at Belgian audiences, these records gained significant popularity in the Belgian Congo itself. Olympia's success in the Belgian Congo revealed a burgeoning market for African music, supported by Léopoldville's rapid urban growth and increasing sales of gramophones. By 1948, Olympia's catalog boasted over 200 recordings. SOBEDI established connections with local music ventures, including a partnership with Loningisa, providing recording equipment and pressing their releases in Belgium. However, its operations in Léopoldville ceased shortly before Congolese independence in 1960.
| 2.265625
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78612464
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe%20Drillers
|
Monroe Drillers
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Monroe played their final season as the "Drillers" in 1930 and were the runner up in the eight-team Class D level Cotton States League final standings. The Drillers ended the season with a record of 67–61 and placed second in the final standings, managed by Jim Bagby and Clarence Huber. Monroe finished 13.0 games behind the first place El Dorado Lions in the final regular standings as the league ended the season with six teams. Monroe Did not qualify for the playoffs, as El Dorado and the Pine Bluff Judges won the pennants in the split season schedule. Pine Bluff won the final series. Dick Luckey, who split the Cotton States League season between the folded Alexandria Reds and Monroe, won the batting title, hitting .358.
In his final professional season at age 40, Jim Bagby Sr. pitched and managed for Monroe in 1930. A member of the Cleveland Guardians Hall of Fame, Bagby was the first pitcher to hit a home run in the World Series, which occurred in Game 5 the 1920 World Series. Bagby is one of the last pitchers to win over 30 games in one season, compiling a 31–12 record in 1920 for Cleveland, when he pitched 339 innings. Arm injuries after his 1920 season diminished his pitching successes and he retired for a time following the 1923 season. Following his playing career, Bagby became a minor league umpire before a stroke during a game in 1942 ended his umpiring career. His son Jim Bagby Jr. was an all-star pitcher for the Cleveland Indians. Bagby and his son became the first father-and-son combination to pitch in the World Series when Jim Jr. pitched for the Boston Red Sox in the 1946 World Series. Jim Bagby Sr. had a 4–1 record with a 2.15 ERA, pitching in 6 games and 48 innings for the 1930 Monroe Drillers.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe%20Drillers
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Monroe Drillers
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Monroe continued play in the 1940 Cotton States League and the White Sox won their second consecutive league pennant and their second Cotton States League championship. Monroe ended the regular season with a record of 82–45 winning their second consecutive pennant with a first-place finish under returning player/manager Doug Taitt. The White Sox finished 8.0 games ahead of the second place El Dorado Lions in the final regular season standings in the eight-team Class C level league. In the Cotton States League playoffs, Monroe defeated the Greenville Buckshots 3 games to 1 in the semi-final. In the final, Monroe won the league championship by defeating El Dorado 4 games to 1. to claim their second title in three seasons. Pitcher Tom Perry of Monroe won 21 games to lead the Cotton States League.
In their final season known as the Monroe "White Sox," Monroe won their third consecutive Cotton States League pennant in 1941. The White Sox won the pennant in 1941, with a first-place finish in the eight-team league, compiling a final regular season record of 83–55, playing under returning manager Doug Taitt. In the Class C level league, Monroe finished 5.5 games ahead of the second place Hot Springs Bathers in the regular season standings. In the four-team playoffs, Monroe was unable to defend their league championship as the lost to the Vicksburg Hill Billies 3 games to 2 in the first round. Hot Springs won the league championship by sweeping Vicksburg in the final. Monroe pitcher Bill Reeder had 189 strikeouts to lead the Cotton States League.
Dave Philley played for the 1941 Monroe White Sox in their final partial season before embarking on a lengthy major league career. Following his tenure with Monroe, Philley made his major league debut with the Chicago White Sox at the end of the 1941 season. Philley then served in the U.S. Army during World War II from 1942 until his discharge in 1946. After his military service, Philley resumed play in the major leagues until his final season with the 1962 Boston Red Sox.
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78613015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara%20Benjamin
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Mara Benjamin
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Mara H. Benjamin is an American scholar of modern Jewish studies. A 2024 Guggenheim Fellow, she is the author of Rosenzweig's Bible and The Obligated Self and is Irene Kaplan Leiwant Professor of Jewish Studies at Mount Holyoke College.
Biography
Mara Hillary Benjamin was born to Judith Benjamin, a North Seattle College ESL teacher, and Kenneth Collins, a Los Alamos National Laboratory senior security advisor. Her paternal grandfather, Samuel Carl Collins, was born to Jewish parents from Brownsville, Brooklyn, who had previously emigrated from Odesa in present-day Ukraine. She later adopted the surname of her stepfather, environmental engineer and University of Washington professor Mark M. Benjamin. She attended Garfield High School, during which, amidst warming Soviet Union–United States relations, she was part of the KING-TV/Gosteleradio Teen Space Bridge project with students in 1988.
Benjamin obtained her BA at Hampshire College and her PhD (2005) in modern Jewish thought at the Stanford University Department of Religious Studies, as well as a diplomat in Jewish studies at Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies. Her doctoral dissertation Franz Rosenzweig and scripture was supervised by Arnold Eisen. She was the 2004-2005 Hazel D. Cole Fellow at the University of Washington Stroum Center for Jewish Studies and the 2005-2007 Jacob and Hilda Blaustein Postdoctoral Fellow at Yale University. In 2008, she joined St. Olaf College as Assistant Professor of Religion. In 2017, she moved to Mount Holyoke College, where she had previously worked as an auditor for Mount Holyoke professor Lawrence Fine while studying at Hampshire, and subsequently became the Irene Kaplan Leiwant Professor of Jewish Studies.
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78613083
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly%20Siy
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Beverly Siy
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Beverly "Bebang" Wico Siy (born December 10, 1979) is a multi-awarded Filipina author, translator, and a copyright advocate.
Early life and education
She is the eldest of five daughters of Roberto Siy and Resurreccion Wico. Her father was of Chinese descent. After her parents separated during her early childhood, Siy and her sisters became the subject of a custody battle between them. In her book, Siy recounts how her father essentially “kidnapped” her and her siblings, leading them to live with him in Ermita until his death. Afterward, she moved in with her mother. As a result of these changing living arrangements, she attended three different elementary schools in Ermita, Parañaque, and Malate, before enrolling at the Philippine Christian University Union High School
The challenges of her tumultuous upbringing left an imprint on her personality. Siy described herself as a very quiet child, but she later grew into the role of the class clown.
Siy graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Malikhaing Pagsulat sa Filipino (cum laude) and later earned a master's degree in Philippine Literature, both from the University of the Philippines Diliman.
Career
Siy is active in the local publishing community and was recognized as a Philippines Book Champion and Intellectual Property Ambassador in 2015. She currently serves in the Intertextual Division under the Cultural Content Department of the Cultural Center of the Philippines. Two of her books were National Book Awards finalists in the Essay and Anthology categories. It's A Mens World won the Filipino Readers Choice Awards in 2012.
Because of their themes of empowerment, independence, and challenging traditional gender roles, some of her works are often interpreted as feminist.
She is co-founder of Isang Balangay Media Production, an independent publication house, which was recently awarded the Gintong Aklat Award by the Book Development Association of the Philippines (BDAP).
Works
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter%20%28given%20name%29
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Dexter (given name)
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Dexter is an English masculine given name. It is a transferred use of a surname derived from the Old English word deagestre, meaning “dyer of cloth.” Dexter is also a Latin term meaning skillful. Usage of the name might have increased in the Anglosphere due to well-known figures such as American politician Samuel Dexter (1761–1816) and wealthy American eccentric and author Timothy Dexter (1747–1806). More recently, attention was called to the name in the 1940s and 1950s by different media influences, including the character Dexter Haven in the 1940 American film The Philadelphia Story and the 1956 American musical High Society and the character Dexter Franklin in the Meet Corliss Archer radio and television program. Some 325 more American boys were named Dexter in 1968 than had been given the name in 1967, likely due to news coverage about the family of Martin Luther King Jr. after he was assassinated. Dexter King (1961–2024) was one of King's sons. The name also increased in use in the United States in 1989 after the character Dex Dexter appeared on the American soap opera Dynasty and again between 2006 and 2012 due to the American television series Dexter.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele%20Valerie%20Ronnick
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Michele Valerie Ronnick
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Contributions
Ronnick has contributed to her field through the establishment of Black classicism, also known as Classica Africana and Afro-Classicism. In 1994, she published her first article on the subject, titled "The Latin Quotations in the Correspondence of Edward Wilmot Blyden," in The Negro Educational Review. In 1999, she conceptualized this new field with an entry titled "Classicism, Black, in the United States." She defined Black classicism as "the history and analysis of the influence of Greco-Roman civilization on the professional and creative lives of people of African descent", and her definition was reissued in 2005 and in 2006 on the website of the Oxford African American Studies Center.
In the late 1990s, Ronnick discovered a 368-page manuscript in Ohio by William Sanders Scarborough (1852–1926). Scarborough was enslaved in his youth and became later a foundational African American philologist. The manuscript had remained unpublished for many decades. The manuscript was published with introduction, notes, and photographs as The Autobiography of William Sanders Scarborough: An American Journey from Slavery to Scholarship, which details Scarborough's rise from enslavement in Macon, Georgia to becoming a prominent African American scholar. Ronnick then compiled Scarborough's publications written between 1875 and 1926 for The Works of William Sanders Scarborough: Black Classicist and Race Leader. In the foreword, Henry Louis Gates Jr. underscored Scarborough's importance to African American intellectual life, stating, "If W. E. B. Du Bois, the antecedent of today's black public intellectuals, himself has an antecedent, it is W. S. Scarborough, the black scholar." In 2019, she reissued William Sanders Scarborough's First Lessons in Greek: A Facsimile of the 1881 Edition, which is the earliest foreign language textbook by an African American.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele%20Valerie%20Ronnick
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Michele Valerie Ronnick
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Selected articles
Ronnick, M. V. (1992). Buck Mulligan's Latin in “Ulysses”, 14.705-10: Ciceronic Not Ciceronian. Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics, 2(1), 217–221.
Ronnick, M. V. (1994). The Latin Quotations in the Correspondence of Edward Wilmot Blyden. The Negro Educational Review, 45(3), 101–106.
Ronnick, M. V. (1997). Res Gestae 25: Damnatio Memoriae as a Strategy of Rhetoric. Maia: Rivista di letterature classiche, 49(3), 381–384.
Ronnick, M. V. (1998). Francis Williams: An Eighteenth-Century Tertium Quid. Negro History Bulletin, 61(2), 19–29.
Ronnick, M. V. (1999). The meaning and method of Milton's panegyric of Cromwell in the Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio Prima. Humanistica Lovaniensia, 48, 307–316.
Ronnick, M. V. (2000). William Sanders Scarborough: The First African American Member of the Modern Language Association. PMLA, 115(7), 1787–1796.
Ronnick, M. V. (2005). Versace's Medusa: (capita)lizing upon classical antiquity. Helios, 32(2), 173–182.
Ronnick, M. V. (2014). ‘Saintly Souls’: White Teachers’ Advocacy and Instruction of Greek and Latin to African American Freedmen. In T. Ramsby & S. Bell (Eds.), Free at Last! The Impact of Freed Slaves on the Roman Empire, 177–95.
Ronnick, M. V. (2019). A look at Herbert P. J. Marshall and Do Somethin' Addy Man! or The Black Alcestis, Theatre Royal, Stratford East (1962). In E. Olechowska & D. Movrin (Eds.), Classics & communism in theatre: Graeco-Roman antiquity on the communist stage (pp. 45–59, 309–317).
Ronnick, M. V. (2021). In Search of Helen Maria Chesnutt (1880–1969), Black Latinist. New England Classical Journal, 48(1), 110–121.
Art: Works and writings
Catalogues and installations
Ronnick, M. V. (2023). Penelope rediviva: Emma Amos's classical weave. In E. Renia (Ed.), Emma Amos: Classical Legacies (Catalogue essay). New York, NY: Ryan Lee Galleries.
Black Classicists: A Mural Mosaic, Center for Hellenic Studies, Permanent Collection, Harvard University, Washington, D.C.
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