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71304468	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral%20of%20St.%20Alban%20the%20Martyr	Cathedral of St. Alban the Martyr	The Cathedral of St. Alban the Martyr is an unfinished Anglican church in Toronto, Ontario, which serves as the school chapel of Royal St. George's College. Completed in 1891, what stands today is only two-thirds of the planned Gothic Revival church designed by Richard C. Windeyer, Sr. to serve as the cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Toronto. Though only the chancel was completed, the church still held cathedral status from its construction until 1936 and is still referred to as such today. The church is designated by the City of Toronto under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act as being of cultural heritage value or interest. It has the only double-hammerbeam roof in Canada. History Initial planning Since its founding in 1839, the de facto cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Toronto and seat of the Bishop of Toronto had been the Church of St. James on King Street. However, the parishioners of St. James's were not pleased with this arrangement and refused to give up ownership of the church to the diocese as they had financed its construction themselves. Toronto's first bishop, John Strachan, set up a cathedral establishment fund in 1843 to eventually build a monumental cathedral to serve as his seat. This vision was not realized by Strachan nor his immediate successor, and it was not until 1884 when Arthur Sweatman, 3rd Bishop of Toronto, purchased four and a half acres in the newly developed Seaton Village that Toronto appeared to be getting its own purpose-built Anglican cathedral on par with the great cathedrals of England.	2.015625
71304641	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABhoe%E2%80%93Ng%C4%81ti%20T%C5%ABwharetoa%20War	Tūhoe–Ngāti Tūwharetoa War	Prophecy of Te Uhia The rangatira of Tūhoe called on Te Uhia of the Ngāti Tamakaimoana hapū, their most important rangatira and tohunga to consult the tribal atua, Te Rehu o Tainui and find out whether they could avenge the insult. Te Uhia gathered the people and told them that he had dreamed of a chief called Te Kiore wearing a red cloak and riding in a canoe called Hiahia. He said that any attack by Tūhoe on Tūwharetoa would fail unless Tūhoe first found Hiahia and killed Te Kiore. The assembled chiefs then agreed to attack Tūwharetoa. Te Wharangi and Te Akaurangi’s journey In the meanwhile, two Tūhoe tohunga, Te Wharangi and Te Akaurangi, who were related to the Ngāti Te Aho hapū of Tūwharetoa, travelled to Taupō. They visited Operua, home of Taihakoa's Ngāti Rua hapū, where they were treated poorly as revenge for Taihakoa's death. Then they went to Motutere, home of Tūwharetoa's paramount chief, , and warned him that Tūhoe was going to invade and that he should not participate in the conflict. Te Wharangi and Te Akaurangi met with the tohunga Te Irihau at the Korohe Stream and performed incantations with him to protect Tūwharetoa at the sacred place where part of the tauiho (carvings at the bow) from the Tōtara-i-kāria canoe, in which the Tūwharetoa ancestor, Ngātoro-i-rangi, had sailed to and from Hawaiki, was kept. Again they called on the local people not to take part in the coming war. They repeated this message to Te Rangikaiamokura at Whakaohokau near Tokaanu.	2.515625
71304641	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABhoe%E2%80%93Ng%C4%81ti%20T%C5%ABwharetoa%20War	Tūhoe–Ngāti Tūwharetoa War	Battle of Orona In light of Te Wharangi and Te Akaurangi's message, many members of Ngāti Te Aho did not join the war against Tūhoe, but others did, including Tutakaroa, Te Rangikaiamokura, Te Kiore, and Tauteka. The Tūwharetoa forces converged on Orona. For two days there was no action, as Tūwharetoa waited for the rest of their reinforcements and the Tūhoe remembered Te Uiha's prophecy that they should not attack until they had seen the canoe Hiahia and killed the red-cloaked chieftain Te Kiore. At last, they sighted Te Kiore and then they performed a haka beginning ko wai te waka e? (“What is the canoe, e?”), which is still performed, and charged forward. Te Panaiwaho grabbed Te Kiore and Te Rangikaiamokura, dragged them ashore and killed them. In the ensuing battle, Tūhoe were victorious and the Tūwharetoa chieftains, Tuhaha and Tutakaroa, were killed. The Tūhoe cooked the prisoners with pumice stones (an insult) and ate them. It was said that “A few of Tūhoe and the Underworld shall laugh!” which became proverbial. The survivors fled to Te Rangi-tua-mātotoru's village, Motutere. There they met Herea who had been leading some reinforcements to join the fight against Tūhoe and he began preparing the Motutere for a siege. Tera te kotuhi auahi ana, a waiata tangi (song of lament) for Te Kiore by Rangimanewanewa, remains well-known and is still often sung at Māori funerals. It is included in Āpirana Ngata’s collection of Māori songs, Nga Mōteata (no. 34).	2.59375
71304695	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Charlton%20%28writer%29	Mary Charlton (writer)	Mary Charlton (fl. 1794–1824), Gothic novelist and translator, was a "leading light" at the Minerva Press. Work Mary Charlton was a prolific novelist and translator for the popular Minerva Press, to the extent that publisher William Lane named her in sixth place on his list of "particular and favourite Authors" in his prospectus. Although the Press was frequently seen as low-brow and even disreputable, Charlton herself seems to have often received solid reviews: the Critical Review described Andronica as "interesting and amusing" and the Anti-Jacobin refers to the "elegant satire and delicate irony" of Rosella. Rosella is "a satire on novel-reading" and her other novels contain "socially critical" elements alongside the Gothic. At least two of her novels, Rosella and The Pirate of Naples, were translated into French and published in Paris, and several of her works went into second editions. Life Despite her professional success, next to nothing is known of her life. She is one of the "lost" women writers listed in Dale Spender's Mothers of the Novel: 100 Good Women Writers Before Jane Austen (1986). Bibliography	1.976563
71304823	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marqu%C3%A9s%20de%20la%20Serna%20Bridge	Marqués de la Serna Bridge	Marqués de la Serna Bridge (Spanish: Puente Marqués de la Serna), also known as Bayamón Bridge (Puente de Bayamón) and Bridge #379, is a historic rolled iron segmented arch bridge that crosses the Bayamón River, located between the barrios of Bayamón Pueblo and Juan Sánchez in the Puerto Rican municipality of Bayamón. Its lowered arches, similar to those of the Pont d'Arcole in Paris, are unique in Puerto Rico. The bridge was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on July 19, 1995, and to the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2000. The bridge dates to 1869 and it was named after the Marquis of Serna, Felix Maria de Messina, who was governor of Puerto Rico from 1862 to 1865. It is the first metal bridge to have been built in the island, and the only metal arch bridge that exists in Puerto Rico. The iron elements were brought from France. The bridge was assembled by Isidoro Abarca, founder of Abarca Foundry, over the rubble masonry abutments of an older wooden bridge as part at the Cataño-Bayamón highway, one of the first in Puerto Rico and an important link between the San Juan Bay and the southward and westward agricultural lands. Between 1881 and the early 1900s the bridge also served the Línea Ferrea del Oeste railroad. For that purpose, two of the arches were reinforced in 1881. This valuable relic is the only bridge of its type in Puerto Rico and within the jurisdiction of the United States. It is well conserved and considered an excellent example of how to preserve historical bridges no longer in vehicular use for full recreational and educational value.	2.65625
71305981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Catharines%20Armoury	St. Catharines Armoury	The St. Catharines Armoury is a Recognized Federal Heritage Building in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. The building is currently used by the Canadian Armed Forces as a drill hall. The armoury trains the Lincoln and Welland Regiment and serves the 10th Battery of the 56th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA. History The armoury was built in 1905 to replace a previous drill-shed that was destroyed by an 1898 tornado. Before being paved over for use as a parking lot, grass outside the building was used for military drills. The interior of the building has been used for local gatherings and events, such as a 1907 exhibition by the St. Catharines Horticultural Society. Band The Lincoln and Welland Regiment Association Band used the armoury as a rehearsal venue for more than a century. They performed in local events and festivals. In December 2023, the military concluded that civilian bands could no longer be associated with the army, due to concerns about being confused with official military bands. In 2024, the band associated with the armoury was ordered to leave. The band renamed itself to remove its association with the regiment. The band is composed of civilian volunteer musicians and does not receive government funding. Numerous volunteers were former members of the regiment.	2.109375
71306031	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebbeus%20Bailey	Lebbeus Bailey	Lebbeus Bailey (May 12, 1763 – December 6, 1827) was an American clockmaker, prominent in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. After setting up his first business in Massachusetts, he came to prominence after moving to North Yarmouth in today's Maine, where he made clocks, sleigh bells and jewelry. Life and career Bailey was born in 1763 in Hanover, Province of Massachusetts Bay, to Colonel John Bailey and Ruth Randall, the sixth of their nine children and one of their four sons. His sister, Ruth, married William Stockbridge, father of merchant William Reed Stockbridge. After serving an apprenticeship with his older brothers Calvin and John II, Bailey was listed as a clockmaker in his own right in Hanover between 1784 and 1791. He married Sarah Silvester Myrick on August 22, 1790, in Scituate, Massachusetts. They had eight children: Lebbeus Jr. (born 1791), Rufus William (1793), Mary Myrick (1795), Elizabeth Dawes (1797), Henry (1800), Timothy Myrick (1802), Joseph Stockbridge (1804) and Edward (1807). Rufus became a noted scholar, and founded the Augusta Female Seminary in Staunton, Virginia. The year following his marriage, he moved north to North Yarmouth, Province of Massachusetts Bay (now Maine). He set up a foundry beside Yarmouth's harbor, in the town's Lower Falls area, in which he produced tall clocks, shelf clocks, "sleigh bells, and in fact every kind of metal work of which his customers had need", noted Yarmouth's town historian William Hutchinson Rowe. He was also a jeweler, and made the medals and jewels that were worn by the local Masons of Casco Bay Lodge. Bailey and his family lived nearby, at today's 56 East Main Street. There, he "always had the best garden in the neighborhood, and the best fruit," noted Revd. Joseph Stockbridge. Bailey went into business with his son, Lebbeus Jr., in 1816, the company being known as Lebbeus Bailey & Son.	2.53125
71306092	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Savage%20%28ornithologist%29	William Savage (ornithologist)	William Savage (September 2, 1832 – July 7, 1908) was an English American ornithologist and painter. He drew pictures based on birds that he hunted or received and then painted accurate representations of those birds. Much of the recognition for his work happened after his death. Personal life William Savage was born on September 2, 1832, in Greens Norton, Northamptonshire, England. After his father died when he was 18 months old, he was raised by his grandmother until Savage was 7 years old. Savage's uncle William Savage, who had the same name, took over guardianship and showed him how to tailor. When Savage was 14 years old in 1846, he and his uncle immigrated to Cayuga County, New York, where Savage attended school, worked on a farm, and did tailoring. In about 1850, New York resident Lancelot Turk encouraged Savage to draw life-size pictures of birds. Savage was paid $1.50 to draw a grass and grain harvester by his employer in January 1854. At the time, Savage's income did not primarily come from his drawings. Savage married Anna Savage, his great uncle Samuel Savage's adoptive daughter, in 1853. Anna Savage had a son named Walter Giles Savage in July 1854. In October 1855, the family moved to Salem, Iowa, where his uncle lived. Their other five children were born on a farm in Salem. Savage attended church meetings and worked to help people who were sick or elderly. He became an American citizen in 1888. Career	2.75
71306092	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Savage%20%28ornithologist%29	William Savage (ornithologist)	Savage drew pictures of birds shortly after he came to Iowa, including a chewink that he hunted for measurements. He worked as a tailor in the winter of 1855. Starting in March 1856, Savage began keeping a diary that included phrases, daily tasks, and visits with others. Savage helped construct a school on his land and was the director, but he left the position once someone stated that Savage was not an American citizen. He received an income by tailoring and selling animals, along with their fur, eggs, and feathers. The first record in Savage's diary about his bird paintings was on July 30, 1856, in which he wrote "Rain, paint a bird." Savage wrote in his diary, in 1856 to 1871, that he painted two birds each year such as the pileated woodpecker. Technique To begin working on bird pictures, Savage hunted birds or received them from someone else and first outlined them with a pencil, later outlining the bird's feathers, lines, and mass. Savage then measured each dimension and then transferred those dimensions to paper. After wetting his brush with his tongue or water, Savage tested watercolor paints and compared the results with the bird. Originally, Savage made his brushes out of fur from game that he hunted, but he later bought camel-hair brushes. He worked on the steps over several days. Quality and subjects Savage's paintings vary from poor quality to high quality, but his bird paintings were accurate. The birds in Savage's paintings are easy to identify, but some of the bird names are incorrect. He mostly painted southeast Iowa birds such as the Bohemian waxwing, the worm-eating warbler, Nelson's sparrow, and Smith's longspur. Most of his paintings were completed during his final 20 years and people often visited his home to see them. Savage showed his paintings at local fairs and 153 of them were exhibited at the 1907 Iowa State Fair.	3.046875
71306199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyoung%20Lee	Soyoung Lee	Soyoung Lee is an art historian and curator. She is the Landon and Lavinia Clay Chief Curator of the Harvard Art Museums. Biography Lee was born in Jakarta, where her father was a Korean diplomat tasked with promoting Korean art and culture, and has lived in Stockholm, London, Los Angeles, Seoul, and Tokyo. She received her B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., all from Columbia University. Her doctoral thesis examined the influence of 15th-16th century Korean ceramics on the ceramic industries in Kyushu, Japan. Lee joined the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2003 and was assistant curator, associate curator, and curator in the museum's Asian Art Department. At the time of her hiring, she was the Met's first curator of Korean art. Her research has focused on cross-cultural exchanges in East Asian Art. At the Met, she has curated the exhibitions such as Art of the Korean Renaissance, 1400–1600 (2009); Poetry in Clay: Korean Buncheong Ceramics from the Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art (2011); Silla: Korea’s Golden Kingdom (2014); and Diamond Mountains: Travel and Nostalgia in Korean Art (2018). Lee served as the Met's Forum of Curators, Conservators, and Scientists in 2016–17 and a trustee of the Association of Art Museum Curators. In 2018, Lee was hired by Harvard Art Museums to serve as its new chief curator. She is the wife of historian Stephen Kotkin.	2.515625
71306279	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20J.%20Sindall	Barbara J. Sindall	Barbara Joan Sindall (22 September 1904 – 25 March 1989) was a British educator. She taught Latin and Greek at girls' private schools including Brearley and Ethel Walker in the United States, and Godolphin and Latymer School in London. During World War II she was an anti-aircraft gunner in England. Early life and education Sindall was born in Tunbridge Wells, the daughter of Harold Francis Sindall and Ada Banning Sindall. Her father was headmaster of the Arden School on Staten Island, and a teacher at St. Bernard's and the Choate School. She moved to the United States with her parents in childhood, and attended preparatory school in Dongan Hills, Staten Island. She graduated from Bryn Mawr College in 1926. At Bryn Mawr she played hockey, ran track, and did archery and swimming. She pursued further studies in Rome, and at Yale University. Career Sindall taught Latin, Greek, and archaeology courses at private girls' schools including the Brearley School in New York City, the Godolphin and Latymer School in London, and the Ethel Walker School in Connecticut. During World War II she returned to Britain and enlisted in the Auxiliary Territorial Service in which she was commissioned in 1944 and attained the rank of Subaltern (equivalent to Lieutenant) and served in a Royal Artillery anti-aircraft battery. "I had no idea what I could do to help," she recalled to an American reporter in 1969. "I only knew I didn't want a soft, easy job as I'd had over here." She retired from schoolwork in 1966, and became a librarian in Vermont. Personal life Sindall lived with her widowed friend and fellow teacher, Bay Frances Coudenhove, in Jeffersonville, Vermont, until Coudenhove died in 1988. Sindall died in 1989, aged 84 years, in Jeffersonville. Her niece Susan Sindall married composer Peter Schickele.	2.5
71306656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jeremiah	Thomas Jeremiah	Legacy Following his execution, Jeremiah never appeared again in the public record and the dispensation of his body, his wife, his slaves, and other property are a mystery. For a few years following his execution, Jeremiah was invoked by both sides in the Revolution on occasion. Governor Campbell sent an account of the trial and surrounding events to London where it was cited by Lord Sandwich in parliament as an example of the "cruelty and baseness" of the colonials. The events were also cited in John Lind's "An Answer to the Declaration of the American Congress". Henry Laurens would later claim "I abhor slavery" although he never freed his own slaves. His son John advocated freeing of slaves and the creation of a regiment of free blacks to fight for the colonials in the Revolution, a plan that was defeated in the South Carolina Assembly. In early American histories of the Revolution, the events surrounding Jeremiah's execution were largely ignored, relegated to a literal footnote in John Drayton's Memoirs of the American Revolution. The last mention (albeit largely inaccurate) of the story was in 1851, whereupon Jeremiah was forgotten for over a century. The existence of Thomas Jeremiah went largely unnoted for 200 years following his death. J. William Harris credits a 1978 essay by Peter H. Wood for unearthing the story of Jeremiah for the modern reader. Since then, numerous scholars have written of Jeremiah despite the paucity of details on his life. They have used Jeremiah's case to illustrate particular issues of his time. His name appears in the title of Harris's The Hanging of Thomas Jeremiah: A Free Black Man's Encounter with Liberty and William R. Ryan's The World of Thomas Jeremiah: Charles Town on the Eve of the American Revolution. In the South Carolina Encyclopedia, Ryan proffers that "Jeremiah's ordeal illustrated the three-way struggle for power between blacks, Whigs, and Tories that was taking place throughout the lower South on the eve of the Revolutionary War."	2.578125
71307224	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20European%20and%20Mediterranean%20wildfires	2022 European and Mediterranean wildfires	On 10 August, there were three smaller forest fires near Radovljica, which were extinguished within hours. They broke out next to a railway and were confirmed to have been caused by the braking of a train. In the early afternoon of 17 August, a forest fire broke out in the hills near Zalog, a neighbourhood on the outskirts of the capital Ljubljana. Two helicopters and more than 110 firefighters were activated to stop its spread. As the night fell, around 60 firefighters stayed on location and successfully put the blaze under control. The area it affected is accessible only by foot and no residential buildings were in danger. On 19 August, a warning of heightened risk of fires breaking out in natural environments, which was issued for several municipalities on 20 July, was lifted in the municipalities of Miren–Kostanjevica, Renče–Vogrsko and Komen, which were affected by the July wildfires in the Karst region, as well as in the municipality of Koper, which was affected by the wildfire near Socerb earlier in August. On 6 September, the ARSO confirmed that a total of of land were burnt by wildfires in Slovenia in 2022. Spain Wildfires broke out in the Sierra de Mijas mountains, which forced 2,300 to flee near the Costa del Sol. In July, Extremadura experienced wildfires which spread to Salamanca in Castile and León and burnt more than . In Aragon, on 18 July, a fire started in Ateca, burning 14,000 hectares. On 13 August another fire starts, in the Moncayo Range, burning 6,000 hectares. On 14 August, more than 1,500 people were evacuated from Zaragoza, Spain, due to wildfires. Tunisia On 19 June, a wildfire broke out in Jebel Boukornine near the capital Tunis. Turkey On 24 June, a wildfire raged in the Bördübet region, near Marmaris on the Aegean Sea coast. On 13 July, a wildfire broke out on the Datça Peninsula. 450 houses and 3,530 people were evacuated from the area. United Kingdom There were nearly 25,000 wildfires across the United Kingdom.	2
71307354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanyamba%20Town%20Council%2C%20Mtwara	Nanyamba Town Council, Mtwara	Nanyamba is one of the three districts governed as town councils in the Mtwara Region with Masasi Town, and Newala Town. The other 6 districts being the city council of Mtwara City, and the 5 rural district councils of Masasi District, Mtwara District, Nanyumbu District, Newala District, and Tandahimba District. The current chairman of the town council is Kapende Jamali Abdalah, with Thomas Edwin Mwalilafu acting as the town director. Infrastructure Roads Nanyamba has a road system of , of which are collector roads, feeder roads, and community roads. There is a proposed plan, with land set aside, for a new bus terminal. Currently the regional road that from Mtwara to Masasi, through Nanyamba, is being upgraded to bitumen with some already complete. The remaining section, and Mwiti Bridge are still in preparation and with funding approval already received. Air The district will be served by the new Mtwara International Airport that is less than one hour from Nanyamba Town, just outside Mtwara City. The airport is currently 92 per cent complete. Communications The district has wide spread cellular coverage, however some areas there can be difficulties. Landlines, postal services and over the air media is available throughout the district. Education The council has 65 primary schools with 25,579 students, and 10 secondary schools with 4018 students. The district has 227 of the required 613 classrooms, 107 of the 557 required teachers houses, 401 of the required 680 teachers, and 1 book per 5 students. Health Care The district does not have any hospitals, but has one health center and 25 dispensaries. The district is understaffed with 289 of required 410 medical staff.	2.078125
71307973	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinsby%20Beach	Hinsby Beach	Hinsby Beach is a beach along the River Derwent in the Hobart suburb of Taroona, Australia. The south facing beach looks directly out to Storm Bay and the Tasman Sea, with views of the Derwent estuary, the Alum Cliffs, Taroona Shot Tower, the City of Clarence on the eastern shore and Opossum Bay, South Arm. Hinsby Beach is situated between the Alum Cliffs and Taroona Beach. A naturally secluded section of the beach, beyond the rocky south-western outcrop is a zoned naturist beach. History Hinsby Beach has historically been a popular staple of local activity, used for exercise, beach combing, kayaking, sailing, snorkelling, bodyboarding and swimming. Prior to the British colonisation of Tasmania, the land had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years by the semi-nomadic Mouheneener people, a sub-group of the Nuennone, or "South-East tribe". Mouheneener shell middens can be found scattered all along Taroona's foreshores. Extreme weather hit the beach in 2018, causing rough seas to wash salmon farming equipment ashore and the escape of 120,000 atlantic salmon. In 2021, Hinsby Beach was utilised for MONA FOMA celebrations with an installation called Hobart Digs, in which south sea pearls encased in handcrafted boxes by German artist Michael Sailstorfer were buried in the sand and discovered by participants. Environment The steep and narrow beach has waves averaging swells and is bookended by a collection of boulder rocks at Taroona Beach and the Alum Cliffs, which emerge from sea level to heights between to create a dramatic coastline, stretching for to Tyndall Beach, Kingston Beach. The beach can be viewed from beachside homes along Hinsby Road. Hinsby Beach performs well for water quality within the Derwent estuary for swimming.	2.375
71308110	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Clark%20%28Scottish%20cricketer%29	Jack Clark (Scottish cricketer)	John Clark (born 9 December 1943) is a Scottish former first-class cricketer. Biography Clark was born at Greenock in December 1943. He was educated at the Greenock Academy, before going up to Glasgow College of Technology. A club cricketer for Greenock Cricket Club, he made his debut for Scotland in a first-class cricket match against the touring New Zealanders at Glasgow in 1969. He played first-class cricket for Scotland until 1982, making thirteen appearances; ten of these came in the annual match versus Ireland, with Clark also playing against Warwickshire and the touring Sri Lankans. Playing as a right-arm fast-medium bowler in the Scottish side, Clark took 43 wickets at an average of 18.60, with best figures of 4 for 10. As a tailend batsman, he scored 104 runs across his thirteen matches, with a highest score of 29. In addition to playing first-class cricket for Scotland, Clark also played List A one-day cricket, making his one-day debut against Derbyshire in the 1980 Benson & Hedges Cup. He played one-day cricket for Scotland until 1982, making nine appearances in the Benson & Hedges Cup. He was less effective as a bowler in one-day cricket, taking 4 wickets at an expensive average of exactly 46 runs per wicket. Clark was a passenger in a car driven by fellow cricketer Tom Black when it was involved in a car crash in 1979, with him escaping with minor injuries. Outside of cricket, he worked as a scientific officer in a medical laboratory.	2.140625
71308255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmannia%20carpatica	Lehmannia carpatica	The species grows to about 5 cm long (when crawling). Like other limacids, the animals are slim with a pointed tail, and the pneumostome lies is the posterior half of the mantle. Lehmannia carpatica usually has a mottled dirty-grey to greyish-brown appearance, similar to a number of other Lehmannia species such as L. marginata. A pale line runs along the midline of the back, bordered by darker markings. On the mantle, dark lines run along both sides, and there may also be dark central blotches in the middle. At high altitudes melanistic forms sometimes occur, and in Moravia a distinctive form occurs with dark spots on a pale background. The penis is long, without a penial appendage, although penis length varies considerably. These characters are shared with Ambigolimax waterstoni, but that species has two prominent flaps running along the inside of the penis whereas these are lacking in L. carpatica, which instead has a prominent funnel-like structure at the end of the penis, surrounding the connection to the vas deferens.	2.25
71308858	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justiciary%20Buildings%2C%20Glasgow	Justiciary Buildings, Glasgow	The Justiciary Buildings is a judicial complex in the Saltmarket in Glasgow, Scotland. The complex, which operates in conjunction with similar facilities in Edinburgh and Aberdeen, is dedicated for the use of the High Court of Justiciary, which is the supreme criminal court in Scotland. It is a Category A listed building. History The building was commissioned to replace the Glasgow Tolbooth at Glasgow Cross as the main municipal and judicial building in Glasgow. It was designed by William Stark in the neoclassical style, built in ashlar stone and was completed in 1814. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with seventeen bays facing onto the Saltmarket. The central section of five bays was formed by a full-height hexastyle portico with Doric order columns supporting an entablature, a frieze with triglyphs and a pediment. The wing sections, of five bays each, featured pedimented doorways in the central bay and were fenestrated by sash windows. The end bays, which slightly projected forward, were fenestrated by cross windows on the ground floor and by tripartite windows on the first floor; they were flanked by full height pairs of pilasters supporting an entablature, a frieze with triglyphs and a parapet. The central pediment above the portico originally contained the coat of arms of the City of Glasgow in the tympanum. Internally, the principal rooms were the Justiciary Hall, which was located in the centre of the range behind the portico, the burgh courtroom, which was located to the north of the Justiciary Hall, and the city council chamber, which was located to the south of the Justiciary Hall. The lord provost's room and the offices of the town clerks were on the first floor.	1.992188
71309005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadguru%20Brahmeshanand%20Acharya%20Swami	Sadguru Brahmeshanand Acharya Swami	Sadguru Brahmeshanand Acharya Swami (born 12 March 1981) is an Indian spiritual guru. Referred to as "Sadguruji" or "Sadgurudev", he received Atmadnyan diksha and advaita vedanta as per guru–shishya tradition of Datta Padmanabh Peeth from Sadguru Brahmanandacharya Swami. Early life Brahmeshanand Acharya Swami was born on 12 March 1981 in Sircaim, Goa and was attracted to meditation and spirituality from childhood. He displayed various qualities by the age of seven. He could play the pump organ, read, and recite the bhagwad geeta with confidence. When in school, he was attracted to asceticism and aspired for a life of 'dhyan', 'sadhana', and 'tapasya'. Finally, he left home and adopted the life of an ascetic, dedicated to studying and practicing rigorous spiritual paths. His predecessor Brahmanandacharya Swami, the then chief of the Datta Padmanabh Sampradaya, took him under his wings. At the age of 21, Brahmeshanandacharya Swamiji was appointed the fifth 'Peethadish' of the Padmanabh Shishya Sampradaya to succeed Brahmanandacharya Swamiji. Peethadhishwar of Datta Padmanabh Peeth Swami is a "Peethadhishwar", the supreme authority of the Shree Datta Padmanabh Peeth Goa – India, a spiritual organization, having thousands of years of immortal Guru Shishya Parampara (Master Disciple Tradition) which operates at Tapobhoomi Ashram, carry Vedic, Sanskrit, spiritual and educational activities. Peace and humanitarian work Swami is an Internationally acclaimed spiritual master, ambassador of peace, interfaith leader, international speaker, spiritual and social reformer, vedic, and Sanskrit scholar. He is the founder and head of the International Sadguru Foundation working worldwide to unite the world as one big family for world peace and harmony. Swami attended the opening plenary of the Parliament of World's Religions at Chicago. Under his guidance, thousands of Hindus adorn janeu (Sacred Thread) at Tapobhoomi Gurupeeth and set the Asia Book of record for maximum number of people wearing janeu at the same time.	2.109375
71309162	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality%20of%20Thu%E1%BA%ADn%20Th%C3%A0nh	Principality of Thuận Thành	Minh Mang’s administration immediately imposed new acculturation policies and heavy taxes, perpetually intending to de-Chamizate his new province. These new excessive policies enforced the Cham to adopt the practicing of Vietnamese court cultural (High Sino-Vietnamese culture) and religious standards; educational, language, and writing indoctrinations, which is collectively known as forced assimilation. Cultural repression against Cham and other indigenous peoples were aggressively perpetuated to demoralize them, forcing Bani to give up their faiths. Cham religions, Bani and Balamon, were strictly outlawed. Liturgy was banned. Mosques were razed to the ground. The Ramawan and Waha (Eid al-Adha) were completely forbidden. Dissents and supporters of Le Van Duyet were also purged and eradicated. Panduranga was dismantled and readministrated into Vietnam proper. Minh Mang's same ethnic assimilation policies were also not just implemented in Panduranga, but also took place in Southern Vietnam and Cambodia with the same pace. A Khâm Mạng (literally known as "temporary assigned") official was sent to Panduranga as the head of the new magistrate office, the supervising surrogate of Minh Mang. It was designed to flex and oversee Minh Mang's new intolerant policies, purging Cham individuals who were suspected to be supporters of Duyet. To ensure his authoritarian framework be operational in Panduranga, Minh Mang permitted Kinh militia outside local garrisons to butcher three Cham persons every day with rewards and no repentance. Post-Panduranga and aftermath Minh Mang's violent seizure in Panduranga	2.125
71309250	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Sachs	Carl Sachs	Carl Sachs (19 September 185318 August 1878) was a German zoologist, known for his discovery of what is now called Sachs' organ in the electric eel. Biography Carl Sachs was born in Neisse (now in Poland). He was sent to Latin America by the physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond, to study the electric eel (Electrophorus) in the same Llanos region where Humboldt had made his observations; he took with him a galvanometer and electrodes to measure the fish's electric organ discharge, and used rubber gloves ("") to enable him to catch the fish without being shocked, to the surprise of the local people. He published his research on the fish, including his discovery of what is now called Sachs' organ, in 1877. While in the Llanos, he used giant toads instead of the frogs that du Bois-Reymond's laboratory normally employed to detect electrical activity from electric fish. Sachs studied the electric eel's seeming immunity to its own shocks, and to electricity applied to it. He found that electric eel muscles, when removed from the fish, twitched in the usual way in response to an electric shock. He demonstrated that a discharge could be triggered by stimulating the nerve to the electric organs; and that such a discharge could be blocked with the arrow poison curare. He observed that electric eels gather in groups as water levels fall in the dry season. Sachs produced an accurate anatomical description of "Sachs's organ", the smallest of the electric eel's three electric organs. He tried to bring six of the fish home on his return journey across the Atlantic, but one died on the voyage back to the port of Bremen, and the rest were harmed on the train journey to Berlin. Accordingly his researches on these specimens were limited to anatomy. The organ is now known to produce a low-voltage discharge used in electrolocation. He was the first person to write descriptions of the electric organs of the weakly electric Gymnotus fishes, members of the same family as the electric eel.	2.59375
71309294	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Elijah%E2%80%93Gorgani%20Church	St. Elijah–Gorgani Church	The church was rebuilt from the foundations, with massive walls, by former High Paharnici Manolache Hrisoscoleo and Ștefan Voinescu, former High Clucer Radu Voinescu and the cojoc (winter coat) makers’ guild. Completed in 1814, the gilding was finished in 1819, the date on the pisanie above the portico entrance door. Severely damaged by the 1838 earthquake, it was repaired, painted and the altar floored in 1862. Other repairs took place in 1880, 1886, and 1901. The portico was closed with windows for a time; a baldachin standing on two wooden poles existed in front until 1927. The narthex bell tower was redone in masonry in 1935. The imposing marble staircase, leading from the street to the church, dates to 1936. Both projects were undertaken by members of the Iron Guard, who started to attend services there around 1927. In 1937, the church was the setting for the funerals of Ion Moța and Vasile Marin, two Iron Guard members who were killed in action in the Spanish Civil War. In 1940, it hosted the funeral and reburial ceremony for the movement’s founder, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, and the Iron Guard death squad members who had been killed in prison. Another consolidation was undertaken after the 1977 earthquake. The initial painting was redone in tempera in 1913. Iron Guard affiliate and artist Alexandru Bassarab repainted the frescoes in 1936–1937, in Neo-Byzantine style with Romanian touches. His work was destroyed in 1982. Other artists then decorated the altar and upper nave (1982–1985) and narthex and lower altar (1991–1993).	2.109375
71309382	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines%20at%20the%20FIFA%20Women%27s%20World%20Cup	Philippines at the FIFA Women's World Cup	The Philippines women's national football team has qualified to the FIFA Women's World Cup on one occasion, the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup. The Women's World Cup is the country's debut at any major FIFA football competition in their history. 2023 World Cup Qualification The Philippines qualified for their very first FIFA Women's World Cup via their 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup semifinal finish. This is the first time the country qualified for a FIFA World Cup of any gender or age level. Their Asian Cup campaign was led by Australian tactician Alen Stajcic who was appointed as head coach in October 2021. They secured their place in the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup when they beat Chinese Taipei in the quarterfinals on penalties following a 1–1 draw. They end their campaign with a 0–2 defeat to South Korea in the semifinal. Preparations Since their qualification for the World Cup through the Women's Asian Cup, the Philippines went on to win the 2022 AFF Women's Championship title at home – their first major title. The national team also held training camps in Costa Rica and Chile in late 2022. They also took part in the 2023 Pinatar Cup in Spain. They also had additional matches playing in the 2023 SEA Games and the first round of the 2024 Summer Olympics Asian qualifiers. In New Zealand shortly prior to their debut in the World Cup, the Philippines played an unofficial friendly against Sweden and a scrimmage against the United States. Group stage For the 2023 World Cup group stage, the Philippines were drawn to play against co-host New Zealand, Norway, and Switzerland. Among these national teams, the Philippines has only faced New Zealand in an international match recently, a 1–2 loss on September 7, 2022. Group A	2.09375
71309452	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20in%20Ethiopia	Mathematics in Ethiopia	Since ancient times, traditional mathematics in Ethiopia have related to various aspects of astrology, the calendar, and measurements of physical properties such as length, weight, and distance. Ethiopians used alternate units of measurement which differ from fundamental law; traditionally, scaling and counting values have been described using draft animals such as goats, mules, sheep, or camels, and in modern times, steelyards. Measurements Weight Since measurements of weight often require accurate units or standardized scales, they were used less frequently than measurements of capacity (volume) in the past in Ethiopia. Still, there are three basic ways in which weight has been traditionally determined. First, an object's lightness or heaviness could be simply assessed by feel (holding in one's hand) or sight (visual approximation). Second, a basic estimation of weight (such as of a load carried by a porter or draft animal) might be compared to a fundamentally different but familiar unit of another measure, such as the length of a human arm or the volume held in a hand. Third, more accurate comparisons of relative weights were done using scales or other apparatus. Hand measurements were used in many parts of the country to purchase market goods, such as butter. The concepts of load and capacity were often used in lieu of weight when measuring cheap, bulk commodities, such as grain. More sophisticated and accurate techniques were only used for valuable goods such as medicine, gold, and silver. In fact, in the case of gold and silver, weight was essentially considered a concept of value.	2.9375
71309638	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystoagaricus%20strobilomyces	Cystoagaricus strobilomyces	Cystoagaricus strobilomyces is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae and the type species of the Cystoagaricus genus Taxonomy It was first described in 1945 by the American mycologist William Murrill who discovered the species in Florida and classified it as Nolanea strobilomyces. In 1947 the German mycologist Rolf Singer created the new genus Cystoagaricus and placed this species within it. Etymology The specific epithet strobilomyces derives from this mushroom's resemblance to members of the Strobilomyces genus as a result of the spiky squamules on the cap. Description Cystoagaricus strobilomyces is a small mushroom with grey flesh which possesses distinctive scales or spikes on the cap. Cap: 4-30mm. Convex, umbonate or campanulate. Grey to brown in colour with squamules (spikes or scales) which contrast the cap. Gills: Start grey discolouring through pale blue and dark brown as it ages. Adnate or adnexed. Stem: 5-40 tall and 1-3mm in diameter. Grey and covered in scales or woolly tufts. Spore print: Dark brown. Spores: Phaeseoliform (bean shaped), mitriform. 6–7.5 x 5-6 μm.	2.65625
71309658	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musala%20Lakes	Musala Lakes	Musala Lakes () are a group of seven glacial lakes situated in the Rila mountain range of southwestern Bulgaria at an altitude between 2,322 m and 2,709 m. Location Administratively, the group of lakes belongs to Samokov Municipality of Sofia Province. The seven Musala lakes are situated in the homonymous cirque and belong to the basin of the river Musalenska Bistritsa, a tributary of the Iskar. To the east is situated the summit of Deno (2,790 m), to the southeast is Irechek (2,852 m), to the south are Musala (2,925 m) and Malka Musala (2,902 m), to the west is the valley of Beli Iskar river. The lakes are formed in three interconnected cascading cirques, giving rise to the glacial valley of the Musalenska Bistritsa, which starts at Rila's highest summit Musala and reaches the winter resort of Borovets further downstream in a northern direction, in the northern foothills of Rila. The first cirque, measuring 740 × 490 m, hosts the first lake. The second, third and fourth lakes are located on three levels in the second cascade cirque Aleko. The next three lakes are located in another cascading cirque measuring 1500 × 500 m, known as the Karakashev cirque. The connection of the last two circuses takes place between the fourth and seventh lakes. Geology Geologically, the Musale Lakes fall entirely within the Musala body of the Rila-Western Rhodope batholith, built up of medium- to coarse-grained granite dating from the Bartonian age 40 to 35 million years old. The granite are leucocratic, light gray to gray-white, with a massive uniform-grained texture. The structure is poikilitic and hypidiomorpho-grained. The main rock-forming minerals are plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz and biotite. Amphibole is rare; the accessory minerals are allanite, zircon, xenotime, monazite, apatite and ore minerals. Lakes	2.03125
71309799	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium%20compounds	Europium compounds	Europium(III) sulfide can be obtained by the decomposition of Eu(Et2NCS2)3 then at 500~600 °C. Europium(III) sulfide can also be obtained by the decomposition of the thiocyanate Eu(NCS)3; Its two crystal forms, α-type and γ-type, belong to orthorhombic and cubic crystal systems, respectively. Europium(II) sulfide is prepared by sulfiding the oxide at temperatures sufficiently high to decompose europium(III) oxide: Eu2O3 + 3 H2S → 2 EuS + 3 H2O + S The selenides, europium(III) selenide and europium(II) selenide, and tellurides, europium(II) telluride and europium(III) telluride, are also known. They can generally be prepared by reacting europium with selenium or tellurium in a vacuum ampoule at a high temperature. Europium(II) selenide can also be obtained by heating europium(II) oxalate with an excess of selenium. Europium oxysulfide is obtained by reacting europium(III) oxide in a carbon disulfide/argon/low-pressure oxygen stream. It is a solid of the triclinic crystal system, with the space group Pm1, and its optical band gap is 4.4 eV. Europium oxyselenide and europium oxytelluride can be prepared by reacting europium(III) oxide with selenium or tellurium at 600 °C. The oxyselenide is heated in air and oxidized to oxyselenite. A similar reaction occurs with oxytelluride to give Eu2TeO6. Halides Europium metal reacts with all the halogens: 2 Eu + 3 X2 → 2 EuX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) This route gives white europium(III) fluoride (EuF3), yellow europium(III) chloride (EuCl3), gray europium(III) bromide (EuBr3), and colorless europium(III) iodide (EuI3). Europium also forms the corresponding dihalides: yellow-green europium(II) fluoride (EuF2), colorless europium(II) chloride (EuCl2) (although it has a bright blue fluorescence under UV light), colorless europium(II) bromide (EuBr2), and green europium(II) iodide (EuI2).	1.929688
71309799	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium%20compounds	Europium compounds	Organoeuropium compounds Organoeuropium compounds are a class of organic metal compounds containing Eu-C bonds. The cyclopentadienyl complexes of europium were studied in the early stage. They can be prepared by the reaction of sodium cyclopentadienide and anhydrous europium halide in tetrahydrofuran, such as: EuCl3 + 3 C5H5Na → (C5H5)3Eu + 3 NaCl EuI2 + 2 (C5HiPr4)Na → (C5HiPr4)2Eu + 2 NaI Europium bis(tetraisopropylocene) is an orange-red solid that can be melted at 165 °C. The complex of cyclononatetraene and europium(II) can be prepared by a similar method, and its toluene solution emits blue-green fluorescence at 516 nm, compared with other organic europium(II) sandwich complexes (about 630 nm) with a clear blue shift. In addition to the preparation of organo-europium compounds by metathesis reaction, metal europium can also be directly involved in the reaction, such as the reaction of europium and pentamethylcyclopentadiene to generate light orange bis(pentamethylcyclopentadiene) europium; and the reaction between cyclooctatetraene and europium gives the pale green cyclooctatetraene europium. Other compounds Europium(II) sulfate is the sulfate of divalent europium, which can be obtained by electrolysis of europium sulfate solution with mercury as the cathode, or by reducing europium(III) chloride with zinc amalgam, and then reacting with sulfuric acid. It reacts with sodium carbonate or ammonium oxalate to obtain europium(II) carbonate and europium(II) oxalate, respectively: EuSO4 + Na2CO3 + xH2O → EuCO3·xH2O + Na2SO4 EuSO4 + (NH4)2C2O4(saturated) + H2O → EuC2O4·H2O + (NH4)2SO4	2.46875
71310095	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrell%20Lynn%20Judge	Darrell Lynn Judge	Darrell Lynn Judge (November 2, 1934, Albion, Illinois – August 26, 2014, Temecula, California) was an American physicist, known for his research in solar physics, spectroscopy, and space science. Biography His father was Virgil H. Judge, the first president of Lake Land College in Mattoon, Illinois. Darrell L. Judge graduated from Edwards County High School in 1952. He received in 1956 a B.S. with a joint major in physics and mathematics from Eastern Illinois State College (renamed in 1957 Eastern Illinois University). At the University of Southern California (USC) he graduated in physics with an M.A. in 1963 and a Ph.D. in 1965. After receiving his Ph.D. he joined the USC faculty in the department of physics and astronomy. He became a full professor in 1975 and retired from USC in 2013 as professor emeritus. In 1978 he was the founding director of USC's Space Sciences Center (SSC) and continued as the SSC's director until his retirement in 2013. The present director of the SSC is Leonid Didkovsky. Judge did research on "space exploration, atomic and molecular physics, ultraviolet imaging, deep space and sounding rockets, and star systems." He and his colleagues designed and built various instruments used onboard NASA space flight missions. Such instruments were used to monitor electromagnetic radiation from the infrared to the extreme ultraviolet. The instruments were essential for experiments flown on the Pioneer 10 and 11 space probes and the SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) spacecraft. Darrell Judge received in 1974 the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Award and in 1991 the von Humboldt U.S. Senior Scientist Award. He was elected in 1996 a fellow of the American Physical Society for "his pioneering work on the fundamental properties of atoms and molecules using selected monochromatic photon excitation and dispersed fluorescence, and their applications in space physics."	2.03125
71310148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Shelton	Ben Shelton	Junior career As a child, Shelton did not want to play tennis and, instead, played football. Despite both of his parents having connections to the game of tennis, they did not pressure him to play the sport. At age 12, Shelton began playing tennis regularly and was coached by his father, Bryan, who at the time was a college tennis coach. When Shelton turned 16, he considered playing ITF Junior tournaments abroad, but his father urged him not to do so saying: "Why do you need to travel abroad when you're not the best [player in the U.S.]?" Shelton ultimately credits his father's advice not to play ITF Junior tournaments abroad as helping his tennis development because he was not constantly traveling and instead had a routine. Shelton peaked at a high of the No. 3 player in the USTA Boys’ 18s division and No. 306 ITF Junior. He was a finalist at the 2020 USTA Boys 18s Singles Winter Nationals and won the 2019 USTA Boys 16s Doubles Clay Court tournament. College career In June 2020, on Father's Day, Shelton committed to play collegiate tennis for the Florida Gators, under his father, head coach Bryan Shelton. A finance major, Shelton mostly played singles as a freshman in 2020–21 and had an overall record of 28–5. He helped the Gators win the Southeastern Conference (SEC) regular season title, and he won the championship-clinching match at the 2021 NCAA Championships, securing Florida's first national title. In 2021–22, Shelton shone during his second year, going 37–5 in singles matches (including 14–2 in the spot). He won the Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) All-American Championships in the fall without dropping a set. He helped Florida defend their SEC title and win the SEC Tournament Championship. At the end of the season, Shelton won the 2022 NCAA Singles Championship over August Holmgren and finished the season as the nation's top-ranked player. He was named SEC Player of the Year and National Player of the Year.	2.03125
71310568	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Scarborough%20%281696%29	HMS Scarborough (1696)	HMS Scarborough was a 32-gun fifth rate built under contract by James Parker of Southampton in 1695/96. She served in the trade protection and counter-piracy operations during her service. She was captured by the French, then recaptured by the British and renamed Garland, She was converted to a fireship for the Baltic then the Mediterranean. She was at the Battle of Passero in 1718. She was reduced to a 20-gun sixth rate in 1717. Rebuilt to the 1719 Establishment in 1721, she was finally sold in 1744. She was the third vessel to bear the name Scarborough since it was used for a 10-gun ketch, built by Frame of Scarborough 2 May 1691 and captured by the French on 12 January 1693. As HMS Garland, she was the fifth vessel to bear this name since it was used for a 38/48-gun galleon built in 1590 and sunk as a wharf in 1618 at Chatham. As HMS Garland, she was awarded the Battle Honour Passero 1718. Construction and specifications She was ordered on 22 February 1695 to be built under contract by James Parker of Southampton. She was launched on 24 March 1696. Her dimensions were a gundeck of with a keel of for tonnage calculation with a breadth of and a depth of hold of . Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 391 tons (burthen). The gun armament initially was four demi-culverins on the lower deck (LD) with two pair of guns per side. The upper deck (UD) battery would consist of between twenty and twenty-two 6-pounder guns with ten or eleven guns per side. The gun battery would be completed by four 4-pounder guns on the quarterdeck (QD) with two to three guns per side. She was completed at an initial cost of £2,660.15.0d to build. Commissioned service	2
71310707	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20European%20heatwaves	2022 European heatwaves	Climatologists linked the extreme heat to the impact of climate change, and experts predict that changes in the jet stream as a result of climate change will cause heatwaves with increasing frequency in Europe. Furthermore, due to the jet stream, the increase in heatwaves for European countries is three-to-four times higher than other countries in northern mid-latitudes, such as the United States. Estimates of death toll Reports of the death toll varied significantly. In July 2023, researchers from Barcelona Institute for Global Health estimated 61,672 heat-induced problems between 30 May and 4 September in a finding published in Nature Medical. The study gathered data from 35 countries with a combined population of 543 million people. A statistical framework was paired against historical meteorological records to observe the trend of deaths. The researchers said that they used weekly mortality data to develop their model which may not allow for short-term changes and hence may underestimate the actual number of deaths. Countries around the Mediterranean Sea, especially Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece, experienced higher death rates. In November 2022, Reuters stated that there were 20,000 "excess" deaths recorded; deaths which officials did not directly attribute to heat but may be heat-induced. In November 2023, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health revised their number to over 70,000 "excess" deaths after developing a new method to calculate the mortality rate. The new research utilised daily temperature and mortality data as opposed to the previous research method using weekly data. The researchers claimed the previous figure underestimated the true number by 10.28 percent. By country	2.75
71310977	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Anthony%20Riley	Mark Anthony Riley	Mark Anthony Riley is a British nuclear physicist. He is known for his work in gamma spectroscopy. Riley earned his bachelor's degree in physics and his doctorate in nuclear physics at the University of Liverpool. He completed postdoctoral research at the Niels Bohr Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the University of Tennessee and held the SERC Advanced Fellowship at the University of Liverpool before joining the faculty of Florida State University in 1990. In 2000, Riley was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society, "for his many pioneering contributions to the exploration of atomic nuclei at high angular momentum values." The following year, Riley was appointed Raymond K. Sheline Professor of Physics in 2001, and in 2014 was named a Robert O. Lawton Distinguished Professor at Florida State University. He became interim dean of Florida State University's Graduate School in August 2017, and was formally elevated to the deanship in April 2018. An invited Open Access comment to a special Physica Scripta Focus issue celebrating the 40 year anniversary of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics to Aage Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson and Leo Rainwater edited by Jerzy Dudek, outlines selected highlights from experimental investigations at the Niels Bohr Institute, Denmark, and Daresbury Laboratory, UK, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, many of which have continued at other national laboratories in Europe and the US to the present day. A 2022 Open Access article in Nuclear Physics News, co-authored with Ramon Wyss, commemorated the 50 year anniversary of the discovery of the 'backbending', or 'rotational alignment', effect in nuclear structure physics. Riley produced, with Akis Pipidis, a pedagogical movie illustrating a mechanical analogue of this phenomenon.	2.125
71310997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius%20Bernstein	Ignatius Bernstein	Ignatius Abramovich Bernstein (, ) was a railroad engineer and activist in the Russian Empire. Biography Ignatius Bernstein was born in Kremenetz, Volhynian Governorate, in 1846. He was educated at the high school of his native town, and at the St. Petersburg Institute for Engineers, from which he graduated. In the 1880s, while yet a student, he was received by the czar as a delegate from many Jewish families who petitioned for a restoration of their right of settlement outside the Pale of Settlement. He was instrumental in convincing the Russian leader to grant their request. After serving as assistant district engineer on various railroads, Bernstein was in 1896 appointed first engineer at Vladivostok, and in the following year was sent to Tzitzikar, where he was given the direction of the fifth district of the Chinese Eastern Railway. On July 2 he sailed for Chabarovsk on the steamship "Odessa". When the vessel was three days out it was attacked by Chinese Boxers, who killed thirteen of the passengers, Bernstein being one of the victims. A memorial service was held August 19 in the Great Synagogue of St. Petersburg.	2.125
71311170	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmore%20Steamship%20Company	Wilmore Steamship Company	Wilmore Steamship Company was a steamship shipping company that was founded in New York City in 1930. The Wilmore Steamship Company mainly operated coal ships, called Collier ship. The coal ships main routes were loading coal at Hampton Roads, Virginia, and delivering the coal to New England ports. The first two ships on the route were the SS Berwindglen and SS Berwindvale. Both ships were built by Bethlehem Steel's Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at Quincy, Massachusetts, at the Fore River Shipyard. SS Berwindglen and SS Berwindvale were new 4,411-ton colliers ships, that had first United States engines that used pulverized coal-fired boilers. The steamship SS Mercer, a 9,500 ton merchant ship was the test ship of pulverized coal, modified to evaluated pulverized coal in 1929. The test were good and the SS Berwindglen and SS Berwindvale were built for this new fuel. Wilmore Steamship Company was named after Wilmore Heights, Pennsylvania. Wilmore Steamship Company was active in supporting the World War II effort.	2.296875
71311249	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Swordy	Simon Swordy	Simon Patrick Swordy (March 31, 1954 – July 19, 2010) was an English-born American astrophysicist. Biography Swordy was born in Birmingham in 1954. Both his parents were teachers. His siblings included three brothers and one sister. Swordy was educated at St Philip's School and Barstable School. He studied under Peter Fowler at the University of Bristol, and graduated in 1978. Swordy moved to the United States in 1979 and accepted a research associate position at the Enrico Fermi Institute. In 1986, he began teaching at the University of Chicago. Swordy became a full professor in 1997. Between 2000 and 2003, Swordy was Master of the Physical Sciences Collegiate Division and associate dean of the physical sciences. In 2001, he was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society, "[f]or innovative measurements with detectors on the ground, on balloons, and in space that significantly advanced the understanding of the sources and galactic propagation of cosmic rays at high energies." In 2007, he returned to the Enrico Fermi Institute as director. At the time of his death, Swordy was the James Franck Professor of Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Chicago. He died of lymphoma at the University of Chicago Medical Center on 19 July 2010, aged 56. Personal life Swordy married Josephine Ryan in 1984, with whom he raised three children.	1.921875
71311600	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anqasha	Anqasha	Anqasha is a monotypic genus of Peruvian tarantulas, containing one species, Anqasha picta, first described by Danniella Sherwood and Ray Gabriel in 2022. The type species was initially described under the name Hapalopus pictus in 1903 by Reginald Innes Pocock, but was later moved to the Homoeomma genus, until finally becoming Anqasha. Its name comes from the Quechuan word for blue, "anqash". Description Preserved in alcohol its coloration is brown, with a faded black patterning in the dorsal and lateral areas of the opisthosoma. Though in living populations both color and pattern may differ slightly, as long term immersion in alcohol may cause fading. Diagnosis They can be distinguished from all other similar species and genera by the palpal bulb and spermatheca shape and the black banding on the dorsal and lateral opisthosoma. Habitat They are found in Cordillera Blanca, Peru, which has a tropical savanah climate the average temperature of this area is 11 °C, with average yearly rainfall of roughly 2400 mm. It is home to plants such as the Kalua kalua, Quenual, and Atasuku. Animals such as the Pichuychanka, the Condor and the Comadreja.	2.484375
71312070	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucopogon%20cryptanthus	Leucopogon cryptanthus	Leucopogon cryptanthus, commonly known as small-flowered leucopogon, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is slender, diffuse, much-branched shrub that typically grows to a height of about . Its leaves are erect and linear, long, rigid and sharply pointed. The few flowers are small and inconspicuous, arranged singly, in short spikes or in clusters at the ends of branches in cymes with leaf-like bracts and bracteoles at the base. The sepals are less than long, the petals joined at the base, forming a tube shorter than the sepals, the petal lobes about as long as the petal tube. The species was first formally described in 1868 by George Bentham in Flora Australiensis from specimens collected by James Drummond in the Swan River Colony. The specific epithet (cryptanthus) means "hidden-flowered". Leucopogon crassiflorus is listed as extinct under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.	2.5
71312098	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet%20Dean%2C%20Registered%20Nurse	Janet Dean, Registered Nurse	Janet Dean, Registered Nurse is an American medical drama television series. It was released in February 1954, and it continued to be broadcast in reruns in the early 1960s. It was the first TV series in which the lead was a nurse. By October 1954, the show's title had been changed to The Ella Raines Show "following the lead of other packages that switched to the stars' names to help pull an audience for the package." Title character Ella Raines left retirement to portray Dean, the only regular character on the series. Dean had varied assignments from week to week. Raines's portrayal "brought cool dignity to her character". Bill Dozier, a friend of Raines who became executive producer for the series, conceived the idea for the program. He and Raines decided to make Dean a member of the United States Air Force Nurse Corps Reserve, making her "subject to recall for temporary or extended service", thus providing opportunities for a variety of locations and situations. Raines "spent weeks at the source, gathering material, studying the life and the personnel" in order to prepare for portraying Dean. Episodes Janet Dean differed from some medical TV shows by emphasizing interpersonal drama more than "obscure medical conditions". Dean believed that applied psychology could resolve many problems and often used personal counseling as much as she applied medical treatments. Hal Erickson wrote in his book, Syndicated Television: The First Forty Years, 1947-1987: "This group of stories about an R. N. who moved from job to job had its share of wounded hoodlums and gun-wielding dope fiends, but the best Janet Deans were emotional dramas concerning such subjects as child abuse, parental neglect mistreatment of the mentally disabled and the shutting out of the elderly — dramas usually dismissed by critics of the '50s as 'Women's Stories'." Raines concluded each broadcast with a brief appearance that promoted nursing as a profession.	2.125
71312492	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosotis%20brevis	Myosotis brevis	Phylogeny Myosotis brevis was shown to be a part of the monophyletic southern hemisphere lineage of Myosotis in phylogenetic analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions). Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved. The two sequenced individuals of M. brevis had very similar sequences and grouped near one another in all analyses. In a study analyzing microsatellite markers developed specifically for the pygmy subgroup of southern hemisphere Myosotis, all (or most) populations of M. brevis cluster together in the different analyses. Distribution and habitat Myosotis brevis is a forget-me-not endemic to coastal areas in the North Island (Taranaki, Southern North Island) and mountainous areas of Canterbury and Otago of the South Island of New Zealand, from 0–1900 m ASL. M. brevis is found in herb fields, turfs and gravels of coastal cliffs, platforms and beaches on the North Island; at the edges of seasonally inundated tarn edges in Canterbury; and in exposed, dry to seasonally moist alpine fellfield, pasture or turf in Otago. Conservation status The species is listed as "Threatened - Nationally Vulnerable" on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the New Zealand Threatened Classification system for plants, with the qualifiers "EF" (Extreme Fluctuations) and "Sp" (Sparse). A recent taxonomic revision recommended maintaining this conservation status and qualifiers.	2.4375
71312584	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worker%27s%20Friend%20Group	Worker's Friend Group	The Worker's Friend Club and Institute, also known as the Jubilee Street Club, opened on February 3, 1906. Opening festivities filled the building to its capacity despite the opening being on a Sabbath Saturday. Rocker inaugurated the opening with a speech on events predating the group's purchase of the lease and the drive of federated Yiddish-speaking anarchists. Rocker read statements in support from Jewish labor unions, Errico Malatesta, and Fernando Tarrida del Mármol, but was cut short when Peter Kropotkin appeared at the event to applause. Kropotkin, who had been ill, congratulated the crowd and spoke about their cause. John Turner compared the club to its Berner Street Club predecessor, and called the Jubilee Street Club more sophisticated. The Cockney carman Ted Leggatt also spoke before the festivities turned to a recital and then a band. The club became a Jewish social community fixture through 1914, as a place for recreation, refreshment, and debate. Historian William J. Fishman likened the club's activity, which welcomed all across age, political, and intellectual divides, to that of Toynbee Hall. Its library, reading room, and classes were open to the community. This restricted the club from the lucrative practice of selling alcohol, based on laws that limited service to membership. Members maintained its bar, which served coffee, tea, and food. Both men and women volunteered to serve and clean, though cooking fell mainly to the women. Volunteers recalled seeing both famous figures at the club and serving Jewish orthodox the night of Kol Nidre, usually a time for fasting.	2.3125
71312584	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worker%27s%20Friend%20Group	Worker's Friend Group	Cultural programming at the club included concerts, lectures, and performances. The stage hosted early performances by future Yiddish theatre figures Samuel Goldenberg and Abraham Teitelbaum. Theatrical performances included that of Leonid Andreyev and Sholem Aleichem. The stage featured classes and lectures from Rocker, Malatesta, Kropotkin, and Varlam Cherkezov on political, scientific, and literary topics. Public discussions, such as on the existence of God, invited all attendees to participate. On Sundays, the club hosted tea and sandwiches with a lecture. In the summers, the group would make a trip to Epping Forest, schlepping tables, drinks, and food from the club by horse and cart. The group explored the forest and Rocker would lecture. Socials, dances, concerts, and the newspaper no longer sufficed to meet operating costs. The group rented the space, mainly to radical groups, for occasional functions. Small labor unions and branches of the Workers' circle and Russian Social Revolutionaries used the building for recurring meetings. The group ultimately functioned as more of a social center than a revolutionary hotbed. The group's only public agitation was strike actions. The club's open nature made it susceptible to revolutionary emigres, who kept their same anti-bourgeois fervor in Britain. Considering agent provocateurs and double agents like the Azef affair, the club became wary of political emigrees. Rocker, a voice of moderation, held that terrorism was a setback for the movement, and the group did worry that propaganda of the deed in London would endanger their club. Indeed, the only occasion that threatened the club's closure was the events surrounding the Siege of Sidney Street. The police monitored the club but took no major action. Newspaper	2.5
71312804	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea%20Sibylle%20of%20Brandenburg	Dorothea Sibylle of Brandenburg	Dorothea Sibylle of Brandenburg (German: Dorothea Sibylle von Brandenburg) (19 October 1590 — 9 March 1625) was a Duchess of Brieg by marriage. She was a daughter of John George, Elector of Brandenburg by his third wife, Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst. She was also known as Duchess Dorothea Sibylla of Liegnitz and Brieg, and was born as the Margravine of Brandenburg. Life Born in Berlin, Dorothea Sibylle was the fourth and youngest daughter of her parents. After her father died in 1598, she grew up in her mother's estate, Crossen (in present-day Poland). On 12 December 1610, Dorothea Sibylle married her maternal cousin, Duke John Christian of Brieg. She was described as "kind, and religious". She also played a crucial role in her husband's conversion to Calvinism in 1613. Dorothea Sibylle and John Christian had the following children: George III (4 September 1611 - 4 July 1664), Joachim (20 December 1612 - 9 February 1613), Henry (3 February 1614 - 4 February 1614), Ernest (3 February 1614 - 4 February 1614), Anna Elisabeth (23 March 1615 - 28 March 1616), Louis IV (19 April 1616 - 24 November 1663), Rudolf (6 April 1617 - 8 February 1633), Christian (9 April 1618 - 28 February 1672), August (18 March 1619 - 12 March 1620), Sibylle Margareta (20 June 1620 - 26 June 1657), Dorothea (16 August 1622 - 26 August 1622), Agnes (16 August 1622 - 3 September 1622), Sophia Magdalena (14 June 1624 - 28 April 1660).	2.265625
71312854	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Anhalt	Hans Anhalt	In October 1962, the Stasi received a tip-off about Anhalt. He had recently started pawning-off the stolen belongings of Auschwitz victims, and his neighbors were confused when he suddenly started making large amounts of money given his job. The Stasi started spying on Anhalt, and created a file for him under the nickname "Eichmann". On 8 November 1962 they detained him as a suspected war criminal. During questioning the next day, Anhalt admitted to being a guard at Auschwitz, but denied personally committing any atrocities. The Stasi searched his house, where they found multiple items stolen from Auschwitz. The items included gloves and purses. Anhalt signed a typed confession in which he admitted to taking items from Jewish prisoners who had been gassed. During an interrogation on 21 August 1963, Anhalt said "During my service in the Auschwitz concentration camp, I did not commit any crimes whatsoever. At least I don't see the shooting, killing, beating and ill-treating of prisoners in the Auschwitz concentration camp as a crime. I simply fulfilled my duty as a National Socialist and sometimes acted out of personal interest to speed up the extermination of the Jews." On 20 July 1964 a court in Erfurt found Anhalt guilty of murder and crimes against humanity. He was sentenced to life in prison, and died there on 13 April 1975.	2.09375
71313016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marichini%20Lakes	Marichini Lakes	Marichini Lakes () are a group of four glacial lakes situated in the eastern part of Rila mountain range of southwestern Bulgaria at an altitude between 2,301 m and 2,508 m. They are situated in the Marichin cirque between the summits of Blizantsite (2,779 m) to the west, Marishki Chal (2,765 m) to the south and Mancho (2,771 m) to the southeast. They are the source of the Tiha Maritsa, one of the two main stems of one of the longest rivers in the Balkans, the Maritsa. Two of the lakes are permanent; the other two dry up in summer. The first lake is the highest, situated at an altitude of 2,508 m in a small cirque in the northern foothills of Marishki Chal. It is of variable area and dries up in summer. The second lake is located at 300 m to the northeast of the first one at an altitude of 2,374 m. It is the largest and deepest in the group with an area of 2.2 ha, length of 240 m, width of 140 m and depth of 11 m. In its south corner flows a small stream from the first lake and from its north corner flows the Tiha Maritsa. The third lake is located at 130 m to the north of the second at an altitude of 2,367 m. Its shape is roughly triangular; it has an area of 1.1 ha and depth of 5 m. The Tiha Maritsa flows in from the south and flows out to the north. The fourth lake is situated at 800 m from the third at an altitude of 2,301 m; it dries up in summer. The area around the lakes falls in the alpine zone of the mountain range with glacial landforms and alpine climate. The vegetation consists mainly of scrubs and meadows, with smaller area of coniferous forests; there are rare and endemic species, including significant populations of Rila primrose (Primula deorum) which is restricted to Rila. The area around the lakes is inhabited by chamois and brown bears. To protect the habitats and the wildlife, the Marichini Lakes Reserve was declared in 1951 with a total area of 1,500 ha. In 1992, it was absorbed in the larger Central Rila Reserve. Citations	2.328125
71313458	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freies%20Deutsches%20Hochstift	Freies Deutsches Hochstift	The Freies Deutsches Hochstift was seen in a negative light by the Nazi Party, which suspended state funding for the organisation. This was in part due to the Hochstift allowing disfavoured, liberal scholars such as Karl Jaspers and Ludwig Curtius to give lectures, and partly due to Ernst Beutler's own liberal leanings. The Nazis designated Beutler's wife as a "Mischling", which was used in his attempted removal. Between 1939 and 1943, Beutler had the collections of the Hochstift moved into 12 different locations in the area surrounding Frankfurt, to avoid their destruction during the war. Modern history The Goethe House and museum were destroyed during the air raids on Frankfurt am Main in 1944. After the conclusion of the Second World War, there was much debate over what should become of the house. Some thought it should be kept in ruins, with others seeing rebuilding unnecessary when people were still living in unsatisfactory conditions. Ernst Beutler and the Hochstift, however, wanted the house to be rebuilt exactly as it had stood. This plan was aided by the fact that the previous interior and contents were removed in good time and were retained. Beutler's plan was accepted by the Frankfurt municipality, and reconstruction began in 1947. Reconstruction was led by the painter and architect Theo Kellner. In 1951, the Goethe House was re-opened to the public by Theodor Heuss, then President of Germany. Beutler was succeeded by Detlev Lüders, who served as director between 1963 and 1982. Under Lüders, the Hochstift's research and editing activities began; the Hochstift began producing the historical-critical editions of Clemens Brentano and Hugo von Hoffmannsthal. In 1973, the Hochstift opened a museum in Rome dedicated to Goethe's Italian Journey. It remained under the control of the Hochstift until its closure in 1982. In 1997 the museum was reopened as Casa di Goethe, but is no longer under the Hochstift's control.	2.40625
71313535	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaak%20Aur%20Khoon%20%28film%29	Khaak Aur Khoon (film)	Khaak Aur Khoon is a 1979 Pakistani Urdu film directed by Masood Parvez and based on Naseem Hijazi's novel of the same name. The lead cast included Naveen Tajik, Shujaat Hashmi, Abid Ali, and Mehboob Alam. Despite having an average box office performance, Khaak Aur Khoon received 8 Nigar Awards for various aspects of filmmaking. Plot The story is set in the background of Indo-Pakistan Partition in 1947. The film depicts the hurdles and mass massacre that Muslims from East Punjab faced in their attempt to migrate to the newly formed country Pakistan. The main character is Saleem, the son of a tahsildar and a member of a big joint family living in a village of Eastern Punjab. After spending a childhood full of smiles and laughter, Saleem joins the All India Muslim League as a college student and becomes an activist for the cause of an independent state. The later part of the film is all about the brutality committed against the Muslim migrants. Saleem's entire family is martyred despite fighting valiantly during the days of migration when Sikh mobs and the Muslims of Saleem's village engage in a violent battle. Saleem survives and continues to serve the cause and assist the migrants during their arduous journey to Pakistan. After reaching Pakistan, Saleem marries Asmat, the girl he has always been in love with since his high school days. In the end, Saleem, though deeply saddened over the sacrifices his family had to offer, feels content with his efforts and contributions to the formation of a separate state of Pakistan. Cast Naveen Tajik Shujaat Hashmi Abid Ali Mehboob Alam Agha Faraz Inayat Anjum Production The film was sponsored by the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) as a government's cultural project. Music and soundtracks The music of the film was composed by Nisar Bazmi and Ahmad Rahi was the lyricist: Alam To Hay Parda-e-Taqdeer Mein — Singer: Mehdi Hassan Main Teri Yaad Ko Dil Say Bhulata Hun — Singer: Mehdi Hassan	2.0625
71313866	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin%20St%C4%83ncescu	Constantin Stăncescu	Constantin Stăncescu (20 October 1837, Bucharest – 8 June 1909, Bucharest) was a Romanian painter, art critic, teacher and translator. Biography He was born into a wealthy family. He initially studied law, but also took drawing and painting lessons from Gheorghe Tattarescu. In 1857, he competed for a travel scholarship; presenting five works, four of which were based on works by Tattarescu. His primary competitor for the money was Nicolae Grigorescu, who would become one of Romania's greatest artists. Stăncescu's victory is generally ascribed to social status, as Grigorescu was from a peasant family. At the last minute, the travel destination was changed from Italy to France, for unknown reasons. As a result, he was enrolled at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where his primary instructor was Charles Gleyre. His studies, meant to take three years, actually lasted for seven, and his scholarship had to be extended. In 1864, he requested another extension, so he could study in Italy. The request was granted, and he left for Rome. He returned to Romania in the summer of 1865; an "event" that he advertised in the newspapers Perhaps aware of his relative mediocrity as a painter, he attempted to make a name for himself in other ways, such as writing poetry and several plays; one of which dealt with the . He also gave speeches on art history and aesthetics, and wrote art criticism for numerous journals. His pieces were known for their overblown rhetoric and occasional misuse of terminology. He did. however, continue to participate in the "Exhibition of Living Artists", held periodically at The National School of Fine Arts, and promote himself vigorously.	2.453125
71313870	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20tetrahydroxyborate	Sodium tetrahydroxyborate	In this version, all anions inside each (010) anion layer have one of the four bonds oriented in the same direction, approximately parallel to the (100) axis, opposite to that of the anions in the adjacent layers. Three oxygen atoms of each anion lie at most 4 pm away from their mean (100) plane. The anions form columns parallel to the (100) direction, with each column rotated by 180 degrees about that axis relative to the adjacent ones. The layer spacing is 224 pm. The sodium atoms are located in layers halfway between the anion layers. Each sodium ion is surrounded by five oxygen atoms, in a square pyramid arrangement, at distances between 233 and 239 pm. The oxygen atoms at the base are displaced at most 4 pm from their mean plane, the sodium atom is displaced from it by 30 pm, and the fifth oxygen is 270 pm from it. Synthesis and properties The monoclinic form has been crystallized by mixing sodium hydroxide 14.5% (weight), boric acid 9.0%, calcium hydroxide 10.7%, and water 65.8% and letting it stand for a long time at 293 K. The orthorhombic form has been crystallized, as thin needles, from a solution of sodium hydroxide and boric acid at pH 12 (which meant a boron to sodium mole ratio of 3:2 in the solution), left to evaporate at room temperature. The starting solution for evaporative crystallization can be prepared also from sodium metaborate tetrahydrate . The solid is fairly stable but slowly reacts with carbon dioxide from air. The crystallization process has been studied by Raman spectroscopy of nanometre-size droplets of solution as the water evaporates in air. Sodium tetrahydroxyborate is end product of the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride at 45–65 °C, through the formation of neutral borane and then boric acid .	1.953125
71314047	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Fire%20Office	County Fire Office	The County Fire Office was an English insurance business founded in 1807 and acquired by the Alliance Assurance in 1906. Throughout this period it was run by three generations of the Barber Beaumont family. History For all but the last few months of its independent existence, the County Fire Office was run by three generations of the Barber Beaumont family. The company was founded by John Thomas Barber Beaumont (the Beaumont being a late addition to his name) in 1807 when he was only 33. By then, Barber Beaumont already had a wide range of achievements. He was an accomplished miniaturist painter having exhibited 53 miniatures at the Royal Academy of Arts between 1794 and 1804, also painting portraits of the Royal Family. He was an author, pamphleteer, and advocate of savings banks founding a savings bank in Covent Garden in 1806. He also founded the Provident Life in that year, destined to become a sister company to the County Fire Office. At the onset of the Napoleonic Wars in 1803, he formed and commanded the Duke of Cumberland’s Sharp Shooters. He later became a Middlesex magistrate and founded the Beaumont Institute in Stepney.	1.921875
71314453	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tems%20swiya%20Museum	Tems swiya Museum	The tems swiya Museum is a First Nations museum owned and operated by the shíshálh Nation, and located in Sechelt (ch'atlich), British Columbia, Canada. The museum's name means "Our World" in she shashishalhem, the shíshálh language. Its collection includes cedar baskets, art, photographs, audio recordings, and archaeological collections which include stone tools and the prehistoric sculpture known as The Grieving Mother. The museum is part of a cultural and administrative complex on the site of the former St. Augustine's Indian Residential School, which closed in 1975, the last remains of which were burned in 2008. The Grieving Mother The Grieving Mother or Our Grieving Mother is considered the museum's "most exceptional artifact" and Wilson Duff called it "the outstanding prehistoric sculpture in British Columbia". It is a mortuary stone about 3,500 years old, commemorating a chief's wife who drowned herself after the death of her only son. The stone was discovered in 1921 and was sold to the Museum of Vancouver (MOV) by chief Dan Paull in 1926 for $25 for its safekeeping. In the MOV it was known as the Sechelt Image. The shíshálh had requested its return in 1976 but at that time had no suitable accommodation for it, and the MOV offered to make a replica for them. The tems swiya Museum opened in 1994 and negotiations for the stone's return resumed in 2010. The stone was returned to the shíshálh in October 2010. Leaders went to the museum to prepare the stone for its journey with prayers and rituals, and it was wrapped in a hand-woven Salish blanket and packaged in a crate lined with cedar. Its return to the shíshálh's land was celebrated with a ceremony and feast.	2.796875
71314805	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidray	Pidray	A festival dedicated to Pidray is also attested. It is known that it involved the preparation of a bed for her, though the exact purpose of this action remains unknown. It has been suggested that it represented a hieros gamos rite or an incubation, but Dennis Pardee notes that no further information in favor or against one of these possibilities is available. He proposes that it might have been focused on contemplation of the deity as another alternative. It took place on the nineteenth day of an unknown month. It is possible that it was the culmination of a full moon celebration. The same ritual might be mentioned in another text which states that at a certain point during the year, Pidray was present in the "house of the king." A direct reference to sacrifices made to Pidray in the royal palace is also known from an administrative tablet listing the supplies of wine provided by various towns in the proximity of Ugarit. Pidray is mentioned in a greeting formula in the letter of , king of Amurru, to Ammištamru II, king of Ugarit, alongside the weather god from a location whose name is damaged and "the thousand gods". A single late attestation of Pidray is known from outside Ugarit. A papyrus written in Aramaic in the Demotic script mentions "Pidray of Raphia" alongside Baal of Saphon. This document has been described as an isolated example.	2.21875
71314889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature	1912 Nobel Prize in Literature	The 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German dramatist and novelist Gerhart Hauptmann (1862–1949) "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art." He is the fourth German author to become a recipient of the prize after Paul Heyse in 1910. Laureate Gerhart Hauptmann achieved prominence as one of the pioneers of German Naturalism. Naturalism emphasizes observation and determinism as key concepts. Vor Sonnenaufgang ("Before Sunrise"), a drama he wrote in 1889, launched his career and received critical acclaim at the same time and was followed by other successful plays such as Die Weber ("The Weaver", 1892), Hanneles Himmelfahrt ("The Assumption of Hannele", 1893), and Die versunkene Glocke ("The Sunken Bell", 1896). Hauptmann was inspired by the discussion and quickly produced a series of works with realistic themes. He released Der Narr in Christo Emanuel Quint ("The Fool in Christ, Emanuel Quint)", his debut book, in 1910. Deliberations Nominations Gerhart Huaptmann was nominated in 5 occasions (three in 1902 and one nomination in 1906). His nomination in 1912 was made Erich Schmidt (1853–1913), historian of literature and member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, which eventually led him to being awarded the prize. In total, the Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy received 40 nominations for 30 writers. The highest nominations was for Spanish novelist Benito Pérez Galdós with five nominations. Among the repeated nominees include Henry James, Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw (awarded in 1925), William Chapman, Verner von Heidenstam (awarded in 1916), and Juhani Aho. Ten of the nominees were nominated first-time, among them Henri Bergson (awarded in 1927), Pencho Slaveykov, Sven Hedin, Carl Spitteler (awarded in 1919), Jean-Henri Fabre, Salvatore Farina, Benito Pérez Galdós, Adolf Frey, and James George Frazer. No female authors were nominated that year.	2.5625
71315000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprinopsis%20pulchricaerulea	Coprinopsis pulchricaerulea	Coprinopsis pulchricaerulea is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. Taxonomy It was first described in 2022 by the mycologists Teresa Lebel, Tom May and Mahajabeen Padamsee and was classified as Coprinopsis pulchricaerulea based on genomics work done – which placed it close to Coprinopsis aesontiensis. Unlike C. aesontiensis, however, C. pulchricaerulea is blue. Discovery This species was first discovered by nature photographer Stephen Axford in 2012 growing in subtropical forests in northern New South Wales, Australia. Specimens were sent to the mycology team at the State Herbarium of South Australia where DNA analysis was performed. The species has been erroneously called Leratiomyces atrovirens, especially by many media sources covering the discovery. However the DNA results do not support this and Leratiomyces atrovirens has never been validly published. Description Coprinopsis pulchricaerulea is a small blue mushroom found rarely in Australia. It can appear to resemble a secotioid fungus due to the cap which may only partially open and the indistinct structure of the hymenium. Cap: 8–28mm wide by 6–22mm tall. Starts spherical becoming ovate to convex with age. Pale or bright blue in colour discolouring with grey or green shades with age or when dry. Cap is fragile and covered in fine glistening white powdery warts which may wash off. Specimens collected in New Caledonia had fewer of these warts or were lacking them entirely. Gills: Start white or pale cream maturing to pale tan. Crowded. Stem: 5–20mm long and 3–7mm in diameter. Slightly bulbous base which tapers towards the cap. Has a stem ring towards the base. Spores: Ellipsoid to elongate without germ pore. Nondextrinoid.19–23 x 10–12.5 μm. Taste: Indistinct. Smell: Strong mushroom like smell.	2.390625
71315128	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpeth%20Harriers%20F.C.	Morpeth Harriers F.C.	In 1897, two clubs in Morpeth, AFC and YMCA, merged to form a new Morpeth Harriers. The new club replaced Morpeth YMCA in the East Northumberland League. The club finished joint top of the table with Seghill FC in 1898–99, with 37 points from 24 matches. Had goal average or goal difference been applied as a tie-breaker, the Harriers would have been champions; however the League ordered a play-off, which Seghill won. However the club won the title the following year and in 1900–01 the club joined the higher-profile Northern Alliance. The club struggled in its first season, finishing 12th, but in 1901–02 finished 4th, behind only the reserve sides of Newcastle United, Sunderland, and Middlesbrough. In 1902–03, with the reserve sides excluded, the Harriers won the League by 8 clear points. However, by the end of the decade, the club was finishing bottom of the table. The 1909–10 season left the club without a deficit and evicted from their ground. A report that "it seems the old team's days are numbered" was prophetic as the club resigned from the Alliance and disbanded.	1.929688
71315337	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Phineas%20Stearns	Raymond Phineas Stearns	Stearns spent the 1936–1937 academic year as the head of the history department at Lake Forest College and then settled in Urbana to teach at the University of Illinois there, becoming a full professor in 1948. For many years Stearns could not find work teaching colonial history and instead taught European history, even writing a textbook (Pageant of Europe, 1947; revised edition 1961). Stearns was finally able to complete a full biography of Hugh Peter, extending his doctoral thesis work on Peter in New England, in 1954 and published The Strenuous Puritan: Hugh Peter, 1598-1660, which Carl Bridenbaugh called the definitive biography of Peter. Stearns spent a year teaching at Ghent University in Belgium; on his return he published (with George Frederick Frick) Mark Catesby: The Colonial Audubon (1961). Stearns had for many years been writing papers on science and scientists in the colonies, drawn from papers in the British Museum. He drew these together into a massive work on Science in the British Colonies of America (1970). Having become an emeritus professor at the University of Illinois, Stearns accepted a teaching position at Illinois State University in Normal, but died during a visit to his son in New Jersey. His book received the National Book Award for Nonfiction the following year (1971). Personal life Stearns married fellow Illinois College alumna Mary Elizabeth Scott (1905–1946) in 1927, after his own graduation. They had a son and two daughters together before her early death at the age of forty. Stearns then married Josephine Bunch, a graduate student and teaching assistant, and they had another three daughters. Stearns and his family moved to Milo. His second wife outlived him and accepted the National Book Award for him.	2.53125
71315952	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav%20Minkin	Yaroslav Minkin	Yaroslav Minkin (; born 10 January 1984) is a Ukrainian poet, cultural activist, peacebuilder, human rights defender. Life and career Yaroslav Minkin was born in Luhansk, Luhansk Oblast in Ukraine. He spent his adolescence in Yalta,Crimea in Ukraine. Yaroslav graduated from the school No.12 in Yalta, where well-known soviet poet Nika Turbina studded as well. After the high school, he went back to Donbas for subsequent years. In 2000, he won his first poetry prizes in Yalta and Simferopol'. As a poet he became a member of STAN (art-group) in 2002, he won two international slam competitions (in Kyiv and Riga), made a significant number of art performances and actionism interventions against authoritarian tendencies in Ukraine from 2004 to 2014, and finally moved to human rights actions to defend cultural diversity and promote social inclusion in post-revolution society. During this period Minkin organized art protests and performances in front of the Ministry of Foreign Offers of Ukraine, educational and cultural departments, security police offices, detention centres, and jails in Luhansk, Kyiv, and some other Ukrainian cities. In 2008 Minkin together became chairman of the board of STAN (youth organization). In 2014, Minkin was forced to move from Luhansk because of the threats from the Russian hybrid army forces in Donbas and was back to action in Ivano-Frankivsk in Ukraine. This year he made a speech «Butterflies on the Luhansk military airfield» in the European External Action Service of European Commission seminar on culture and conflicts, «The Case of Ukraine» (2014). In Brussels, he tried to explain how artists and social activists kept human rights in the last decade. He also organized a peacebuilding action in Potsdamer Platz in Berlin.	2.4375
71316163	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprinopsis%20martinii	Coprinopsis martinii	Coprinopsis martinii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. Taxonomy It was first described in 1960 by the English mycologist Peter Darbishire Orton and classified as Coprinus martinii. In 2001 phylogentic analysis restructured the Coprinus genus and it was reclassified as Coprinopsis martinii by the mycologists Scott Alan Redhead, Rytas J. Vilgalys & Jean-Marc Moncalvo. Description Coprinus martinii is a small inkcap mushroom which grows in wetland environments. Cap: 0.5-2.2cm. Starts ovoid and expands to convex and then campanulate (bell shaped). Sometimes presenting as umbonate. Grey and covered in powdery fragments of the veil. Gills: Start white before turning black and deliquescing (dissolving into an ink-like black substance). Crowded. Stem: 3.2-6cm long and 1.5-2mm in diameter. Pale grey and tapering towards a slightly swollen base. Spore print: Black. Spores: Ellipsoid and smooth with a germ pore. 12.-16 x 6.5-8.5 μm. Taste: Indistinct. Smell: Indistinct. Habitat and distribution Grows trooping in small groups on rotting sedges and rushes belonging to the genera Carex, Scirpus and Juncus. Found in marshes and wetland environments spring through autumn. Widespread but seldom recorded.	2.421875
71316329	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai%20Tam%20Bay	Tai Tam Bay	Tai Tam Bay () is a bay in the Tai Tam area, in the southeastern part of Hong Kong Island, in the Southern District of Hong Kong. Geography Tai Tam Bay has been documented as early as January 1843, after the Convention of Chuenpi, by the HMS Sulphur commanded by Sir Belcher and Sir Kellett. The area was romanized as Tytham (see image). Tai Tam Bay cover a marine area of about 8 km2. It comprises a narrow inlet to the inner bay area, named Tai Tam Harbour, as well as a much wider middle and outer bay. While the average water depth within Tai Tam Harbour is about 3 m, the water depth increases from 5 m in the middle bay to 9 m in the outer bay. The width of the opening of the bay is about 2.2 km. The western point of the bay is Tai Tai Head or Tai Tam Tau () at the southern end of Stanley Peninsula, while the eastern point of entrance is Cape D'Aguilar on the southeastern end of D'Aguilar Peninsula. To Tei Wan () is a small bay located on the eastern side of Tai Tam Bay. It is the site of the small (). At the time of the 1911 census, the population of To Tei Wan was 54.	2.84375
71316333	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffar%20Shah%20I%20of%20Perak	Muzaffar Shah I of Perak	Raja Muzaffar was appointed by the people of Perak as the first Sultan of Perak. That is the story of the first Sultan of Perak as mentioned in the Malay Annals. However, the story is different according to the Sejarah Raja Perak. At the time of Mahmud Shah's residence in Kampar, Perak was not a sultanate. The people of Perak sent their representatives, namely Tun Saban and Nakhoda Kasim to Kampar to meet Mahmud Shah. The purpose of this was to request Raja Muzaffar become Sultan of Perak because Perak was under the rule of the Malacca Sultanate since Mahmud Shah ruled it again. Mahmud Shah accepted and his prince, Raja Muzaffar, was ordered to go to Perak to become sultan. From Kampar, Raja Muzaffar then went to Klang to visit his family. From Klang with the guidance of Nakhoda Tumi who came from Manjong, Raja Muzaffar continued his journey to Perak. The arrival of Raja Muzaffar to Perak was welcomed at Beting Beras Basah and he was taken home via the Perak river to enter Perak. Raja Muzaffar was later installed as the first Sultan of Perak with the title of Sultan Muzaffar Shah in Tanah Abang which is located in the Lambor Kanan area. In the Malay Annals, it is stated that Muzaffar Shah I had invited Tun Mahmud, son of Tun Isap Berakah, from Selangor to come to Perak. Tun Mahmud was later made the first Bendahara in Perak. Afterwards, Tun Mahmud was summoned by Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II who ruled Johor at the request of the Bendahara of Johor and his father, Tun Isap Berakah. According to the Sejarah Raja Perak, not long after Muzaffar Shah I ascended to the throne of Perak, conflict began to arise between him and Tun Saban. This is because Tun Saban did not want to give his daughter, Tun Merah, to be the wife of Muzaffar Shah I. Muzaffar Shah I then ordered his servants to take Tun Merah down to the palace until the outbreak of war.	2.21875
72816499	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali-Agha%20Suleymanzadeh	Ali-Agha Suleymanzadeh	Ali-Agha Suleymanzadeh (Azerbaijani: Axund Əliağa Süleymanzadə) — 10th Sheikh al-Islam, akhund and the chairman of the Religious Council of the Caucasus. Early life Ali-Agha was born in the family of Haji Suleiman in 1885 in the village of Novxanı. He received his first education in a madrasah, studying the Quran, "Gulistan" and "Bustan" by the Saadi Shirazi. Seeing Ali's deep interest in religion, his future relative Akhund Haji Mohammed wants to send him with his son Aga-Mammed to the countries of the Near East to receive spiritual education. The expenses are covered by the elder brother of Ali-Agha — Agha-Mohammed. In 1902, two comrades first studied for some time in the Iranian province of Khorasan, then continued their studies in Iraq, in the city of Najaf. They passed the exam in Medina and completed their higher spiritual education after 12 years. On the eve of returning to his homeland, Ali-agha's friend Aga-Mammed falls ill with a severe fever, and the prescribed treatment was useless. On his deathbed, he called Ali-agha to him and made a will: — “You must return to your homeland, to Baku! Tell my father from me to bless me, let him light the hearth of his house with you. I am the only brother of my sisters in the family. In our house is my beloved unmarried sister Ummulbani. Let my father marry her to you!" Career Ali-Agha served as akhund in many mosques in Baku, constantly being under the control of the NKVD. After the death of the former Sheikh al-Islam Muhsin Hakimzadeh in 1966, the post of Sheikh al-Islam remained vacant for two years. In 1968, the IV Congress of the Muslims of Transcaucasia was convened. Ali-Agha Suleymanzadeh, who had worked as akhund of the Taza Pir Mosque for almost 20 years, was elected chairman at the age of 83.	2.21875
72816928	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Parker	Vincent Parker	Vincent Bushy Parker(11 February 1918 – 29 January 1946) was an Australian Royal Air Force flying ace, a prisoner of war and a serial escaper. He participated in the Second World War. Parker's aunt and uncle adopted him at two years old, following the death of his mother. Parker emigrated to Australia with his adoptive parents. In Australia, Bohleville State School educated Parker in the 1930s. After his schooling, Kodak employed the teenage Parker. He also trained as a magician and an escapologist. As a magician he later worked with Leslie George Cole (The Great Lavante). In 1938, in Sydney, he obtained a billet as a steward on the ship Ontranto and traveled to Britain. In May 1939 he trained as a fighter pilot at an RAF flying school in the UK. He then participated in the Battle of Britain. The RAF credited Parker with the five aerial victories during the war. And in August 1940, Parker baled out of his damaged Spitefire over Portland after a dog fight. Injuring his shoulder, he baled into the Channel and here, the German Navy captured him. As a prisoner of war, Parker escaping was constant. He escaped from Stalag Luft I and Stalag Luft III. In May 1942, the German prison authority sent Parker to a camp for high security risks called Colditz Castle. Post liberation, in January 1946, an aviation accident killed Parker. Comrades in Colditz, Stalag Luft I and Stalag Luft III have described Parker in the literature. Parker was a talented card sharp, and one of the four outstanding lock pickers in the Schloss. The Colditz literature highlights many escape attempts used Parker's lock picking skills. Paying respect to Parker, Townsville City Council named Vincent Bushy Parker park in Rollingstone, Queensland Australia after him.	2.234375
72816928	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Parker	Vincent Parker	Cutting the wire was dangerous... Guards had recently shot and killed a POW doing it. He cut the wire. He attracted the attention he dreaded... the guards started shouting. They ran to where Parker was working. Much to Parker's astonishment, the guards held back gunfire and arrested Parker near the wire. The guards had assessed a mysterious fire — not an escapee... They thought the condensation steaming off Parker was smoke. This miserable day did not end well for Parker... The command placed Parker in solitary confinement. He spent many days in confinement dealing with frostbite. In January 1942, the RAF promoted Parker to the rank of Flight Lieutenant. Charlie Piltz A few days after his release from the cells, Parker attempted another escape. Parker had prepared the escape earlier. Charlie Piltz, real name, Karl Piltz, was the main ferret. Escapers thought of Piltz as the most dangerous guard in Stalag Luft I and Stalag Luft III. He was a passionate anti-Nazi in the 1930s. Over a nine-month period in a prison, the Nazis re-educated Piltz. By 1942 he was a devoted Nazi. He always worked around the clock... He even worked off-duty. He took great pride in sniffing out tunnels. He complimented prisoners on ingenious escape attempts and mocked the poor attempts with glee. Piltz had a nasty criminal mind... as such, he worked on the same wavelengths as an escaper. Piltz was a menace... Parker and Piltz shared a visual resemblance. Parker noted the chance to imitate Piltz. Parker acquired a pair of greasy overalls. Piltz carried a torch, following the Piltz shtick, Parker made a dummy torch from Red Cross klim tins. He knew, once he'd beaten the gate as Piltz, he'd become an Italian worker with a matching ID. He'd then use a camp made compass and a traced map to travel.	2.40625
72816991	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santi%20Giovanni%20e%20Paolo%2C%20Muggia	Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Muggia	The interior, divided into three naves, was restored to its original state at the end of the 1930s, after the consolidations, the restorations and the removal of the lateral Baroque altars. A fragment of the exceptional 14th-century fresco can be seen which once occupied the central nave. Along the walls are some of the processional lights from the 18th and 19th centuries belonging to the old brotherhoods. On the counterfacade choir loft is the Mascioni opus 939 pipe organ, built in 1971; with mixed transmission (mechanical for the manuals and the pedal, electric for the registers), it also has 16 registers on its two manuals and pedal. It was restored and expanded to 18 registers in 1991. Bell tower The bell tower consists of a square base, on which the building stands to a height of 35 metres. It is divided into 4 floors, embellished with Euganean trachyte frames, while the last one is embellished with mullioned windows. In all likelihood its construction dates back to well before the raising of the current cathedral. Indeed, the current clock has been present since the 14th century.	2.171875
72817429	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul%20Batin%20Jaunpuri	Abdul Batin Jaunpuri	ʿAbd al-Bāṭin Jaunpūrī (, ; 1900–1973), also known as Abdul Baten Siddiqi, was an Indian Muslim scholar, religious preacher, educationist. He authored many of the biographies of the leaders of the Taiyuni movement centred in Bengal. He led a peasant movement in Gafargaon, Mymensingh, which eventually led to the establishment of Batinia Madrasa. Early life and family Abdul Batin Jaunpuri was born in 1900 to Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri and Fakhira Bibi in the Mulla Tola neighbourhood of Jaunpur located in British India's North-Western Provinces. He belonged to an Indian Muslim family that traced their ancestry to Caliph Abu Bakr and the family often frequented Bengal where they had a large following. His father was a contributor of Islamic literature, authoring 121 books, and founded the Madrasa-i-Hammadia in Armanitola. Jaunpuri's grandfather, Karamat Ali Jaunpuri, had migrated from Jaunpur in North India with the intention of reforming the Muslims of Bengal. His great-grandfather, Abu Ibrahim Shaykh Muhammad Imam Bakhsh was a student of Shah Abdul Aziz and a son of Shaykh Jarullah. Many of his family members were Islamic scholars, for example, his uncle Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri and cousins Abdur Rab Jaunpuri and Rashid Ahmad Jaunpuri. Later life Jaunpuri's education began in his hometown, and was followed by studying at various Islamic institutions across India. After completing his studies, Jaunpuri settled in Bengal, the centre of the Taiyuni movement founded by his grandfather where he acquired a large following. He actively preached against irreligion, shirk and bid'ah.	2.375
72817651	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Comic%20History%20of%20Rome	The Comic History of Rome	The Comic History of Rome Leech and à Beckett first collaborated on their The Comic History of England (1847–1848), for which Leech had produced broadly humorous etchings. He created still finer illustrations to The Comic History of Rome (1851)— which, particularly in its minor woodcuts, shows some exquisitely graceful touches, as witness the fair faces that rise from the surging water in his illustration 'Claelia and her Companions escaping from the Etruscan Camp.' Dr. Caroline Wazer, in her essay 'The Eternal Guffaw - John Leech and The Comic History of Rome''' wrote that the illustrations by Leech are: "... a Victorian fever dream of ancient Rome. Senators pair their togas with top hats, generals wear muttonchops under their helmets, and priests styled as snake charmers draw gullible crowds with the help of coal-powered rotating billboards. The blending of past and present in Leech's illustrations is on one level a simple visual joke that reinforces the humor of the text, dragging the glories of Roman history down to the level of the contemporary London street."	2.609375
72817714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/94th%20Arkansas%20General%20Assembly	94th Arkansas General Assembly	The Ninety-Forth Arkansas General Assembly is the legislative body of the state of Arkansas in 2023 and 2024. The Arkansas Senate and Arkansas House of Representatives were both controlled by the Republicans. In the Senate, 29 senators were Republicans and 6 were Democrats. In the House, 82 representatives were Republicans and 18 were Democrats. Sessions The Regular Session of the 94th General Assembly opened on January 9, 2023. It adjourned sine die on May 1, 2023. A special session was called by Governor of Arkansas Sarah Huckabee Sanders to begin September 11, 2023 to consider tax cuts and changes to the Arkansas Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) law. It ended after four days. The special session ended with an amendment to the FOIA law exempting information regarding travel on the state airplane, operated by the Arkansas State Police for use by the Governor of Arkansas and other constitutional officers. Several other provisions proposed by the governor to be exempted from FOIA, including deliberations among state officials, policy recommendations, and other information, were withdrawn after receiving broad bipartisan opposition. The legislature assembled for the fiscal session on April 10, 2024. Governor Sanders' proposed $6.31 billion budget in 2024, with a 2% increase for 2025. The budget included large increases to fund school vouchers created by the Learns Act, as well as the Arkansas State Police and Arkansas Department of Corrections, with reductions to higher education. The budget was approved, but a standoff emerged over setting a potential cap on the salary for the director of the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. The fiscal session adjourned May 9, 2024 without establishing funding for the commission, the first time the legislature had failed to fund a state agency during a fiscal session in over 30 years.	2.140625
72817872	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20Edgar%20Wehmeyer	Lewis Edgar Wehmeyer	Lewis Edgar Wehmeyer (January 1, 1897, Quincy, Illinois – September 11, 1971, Ann Arbor, Michigan) was an American botanist and mycologist. He gained an international reputation as an expert on the genera Pleospora and Pyrenophora. Biography After graduating in 1914 from Quincy High School, Lewis E. Wehmeyer matriculated in 1916 at the University of Michigan. His academic education was delayed by a year spent in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during WW I. At the University of Michigan he graduated with a B.S. in forestry in 1921 and then matriculated in the department of botany. He held the Emmac J. Cole Fellowship for three years and graduated in 1925 with a Ph.D. His thesis Biologic and phylogenetic study of the stromatic Sphaeriales was supervised by Calvin Henry Kauffman (1869–1931) As a postdoc Wehmeyer held a National Research Council Fellowship at Harvard University for three years. As a postdoc he collected fungi in Nova Scotia and in September 1927 in Truro, Nova Scotia married Florence Elaine Prince (called Elaine Prince). She was born in Truro on 22 March 1903. At the University of Michigan, Wehmeyer was an instructor from 1928 to 1931, an assistant professor from 1931 to 1937, an associate professor from 1937 to 1947, and a full professor from 1947 to 1968, when he retired as professor emeritus. He collected many specimens of Pleospora in Wyoming. He was a consultant for mycological specialists in Argentina, Sweden, England, and Canada. His most important work is perhaps his 4th book A world monograph of the genus Pleospora and its segregates, based upon his collection of about 1,200 specimens, of which about 400 are type specimens. He was elected in 1931 a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1981, a bequest was made in the name of Lewis E. Wehmeyer and Elaine Prince Wehmeyer (1903-1979) for an endowment of a professorial chair in mycology at the University of Michigan. The genus Wehmeyera is named in his honor. Selected publications	2.140625
72817912	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Lomas	Peter Lomas	Peter Eric Samuel Lomas (1923 – 2010) was an English psychotherapist and writer, "one of the most independent-minded and quietly influential psychotherapists in Britain". In 1974 he helped found what later became the Guild of Psychotherapists, and he later helped establish the Cambridge Society for Psychotherapy (also known as 'the Outfit'). Life Peter Lomas was born on 27 February 1923 in Stockport, and grew up there. He studied medicine at Manchester University, working at Manchester Royal Infirmary's neurological unit before working as a GP. Moving into psychiatry, he worked with families at the Cassell Hospital therapeutic community. In 1954 he married his wife, Diana. Lomas trained as a psychoanalyst under Charles Rycroft at the Institute of Psychoanalysis, but became increasingly skeptical about the orthodox approach to training psychotherapists. Along with Camilla Bosanquet, Ben Churchill, John Heaton and Joe Redfearn in 1974, he helped to establish what later became the Guild of Psychotherapists. In 1980 he moved to Cambridge, where he helped to establish 'the Outfit' (later more formally known as the Cambridge Society for Psychotherapy), a non-hierarchical psychotherapeutic training organization based on students' collective learning and evaluation. A festschrift to Lomas, Committed Uncertainty in Psychotherapy, was published for his 75th birthday. He died on 12 January 2010. Later that year the Cambridge Society for Psychotherapy organized a conference in his memory, 'The Legacy of Peter Lomas'. Papers from the conference were published in an issue of the European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling. Works (ed.) The Predicament of the Family. 1967. True and False Experience. 1973. The Case for a Personal Psychotherapy. 1981. The Limits of Interpretation. 1987. Cultivating Intuition. 1993. Personal Disorder and Family Life. 1997. Doing Good?: Psychotherapy Out of its Depth. 1999.	2.203125
72818593	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign%20involvement%20in%20the%20Russian%20invasion%20of%20Ukraine	Foreign involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine	Between 2014 and 2021, the UK, US, EU, and NATO provided mostly non-lethal military aid to Ukraine. Lethal aid to the country increased in 2018, when the US began to sell it weapons, including Javelin anti-tank missiles, and Ukraine agreed to purchase TB2 combat drones from Turkey in 2019. In 2022, Russia massed equipment and troops on Ukraine's borders. In response, the US worked with other NATO member states to transfer US-produced weapons to Ukraine. The UK began to supply Ukraine with NLAW and Javelin anti-tank weapons. After the invasion, NATO member states including Germany agreed to supply weapons but NATO itself did not. NATO and its members also refused to send troops into Ukraine or to establish a no fly-zone in case this led to a larger-scale war. In 2022, Congress approved more than $112 billion in aid to Ukraine. In October 2023, the Biden administration requested $61.4 billion more for Ukraine for the year ahead. On 20 April 2024, the U.S. House of Representatives approved a $95 billion aid package to Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan. In April 2024, the Latvian government approved a new aid package for Ukraine in 2024, totaling EUR 9.6 million. The package consists of EUR 5.3 million allocated for Ukraine's reconstruction and an additional EUR 4.3 million designated to support the Ukrainian Armed Forces through the European Peace Facility. Aid via drawdown from existing stocks	2.140625
72818594	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR%201099	HR 1099	This double-lined spectroscopic binary system consists of an evolving K-type subgiant and an ordinary G-type main sequence star. The two stars are orbiting so close to each other that their tidal effects are giving them an elliptical shape. The subgiant is filling about 80% of its Roche lobe. The chromosphere of the subgiant is one of the most active known, with a deep convective zone powering the magnetic dynamo. The G-type companion has a shallow convection zone and is less active. In 1980, significant variations were found in some spectral features related to surface temperature, suggesting the presence of starspots. Doppler imaging confirmed these starspots are associated with the K subgiant. (It was the first cool star to have its surface Doppler imaged.) The evidence suggests that the spots first appear at low latitude then migrated toward the poles. These spots are much larger than they are on the Sun. About 70% of all spots have been observed at latitudes higher than 50°, particularly around the polar region. A polar spot has persisted for at least twenty years. The baseline apparent magnitudes of the two stars, after subtracting the effects of starspots, is 5.80 and 7.20. Long term monitoring indicates the subgiant has two activity cycles, similar to the 11-year solar cycle. A cycle is associated with symmetrical flip-flopping of the spotted area between hemispheres. The longer 15–16 year cycle is a periodic variation in the total spot area. The global magnetic field of the star may be precessing with respect to the axis of rotation.	2.765625
72819252	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrodon%20deminutus	Acrodon deminutus	Acrodon deminutus, also known as the Malgas tiptoothfig, is a species of mesemb from South Africa. Description This spreading succulent grows up to tall. It has a diameter of up to . It has a tap root and only rarely has adventitious roots. The internodes are red when young, turning ochre with age. They do not have roots and grow up to long. The tringualar leaves are free almost to the base and grow long and borad and thick. They are green, blue-green or grey-green in colour and have toothed margins. The keel has two or three teeth and each margin has four or five teeth. It is the only species in the genus to also have teeth over the flat sides of the leaf in some leaves. The epidermal bladder cells are completely flattened. Single flowers are borne on the ends of branches in September. The calyx has five lobes. The bracts grow closely around the short stem holding the flower, embracing the base of the flower. The petals are magenta at the tips and bases and white in between. They have a diameter of . The filaments holding the stamens are white at the base and magenta at the tips. The fruit is a 5-locular capsule that has a diameter. It is dark grey in colour. It has a flat top and shallow base with raised rimes. The closing body is lens shaped. The fruit opens through short keels becoming erect, causin the closing body to move from the base. The D-shaped seeds are brown. The testa cells are arraned in concentric rows. They are up to long and have an average mass of . Distribution and habitat This species is endemic to the Western Cape of South Africa. It grows in the Renosterveld biome between Swellendam and Bredasdorp. It grows on stony quartz outcrops on clay. It prefers gently sloping hills. Etymology The species name comes from the Latin deminutus, which means reduced or diminutive. This refers to the small size of the leaves of this species.	2.609375
72819822	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dafi%20Site	Al-Dafi Site	The Al-Dafi archaeological site is situated near the city of Jubail, Saudi Arabia. The site was established around the 2nd century BCE, and it was re-discovered between 1404 and 1408 AH (1983 and 1988 CE). Label and Location Al-Dafi is 6 kilometers from the western edge of Abu Ali Island. Al-Dafi is named after the shallow bay that lies between the western coast of Al-Khursaniyah and the islands of Abu Ali and Al-Batinah. Since the site is on property owned by the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu and is in Jubail Industrial City, it is also known as Doha Al-Dafi. Specifically, the site is situated among the Jubail Industrial College's residences, which are north of Jubail. According to Hilda Lorimer, Fares bin Muhammad, the ruler of the Banu Khalid, lived in Al-Dafi. Description of site The site was a residential neighborhood with homes that include some plumbing, reception and leisure areas, and storage areas. It appears as though the dwellings were maintained over a long time period, possibly dating back to pre-Islamic periods, and occupation continuing until the late-Islamic period. There are pieces of shattered alkaline-glazed and non-glazed pottery scattered around the site. Archaeological mounds are dispersed around the area at random. Discoveries were made as a result of further excavations at the location, including a palace. Along with several censers made of limestone, the site also held shattered pots made of soapstone or marble.	2.453125
72819822	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dafi%20Site	Al-Dafi Site	Comparative archaeological analysis of the ceramics found at the site suggests that Al-Dafi witnessed a cultural flourishing during the period of the intermediate Arab kingdoms, which is typically dated to the period between the third century BC and the end of the second century CE. The site contained distinctive pottery types that have been discovered at other known sites on the eastern Arabian Peninsula. The site has linkages to the Thaj site, sites in the Eastern Province south of Dhahran, the Al-Faw site in Wadi Al-Dawasir, and the Failaka Island site in the State of Kuwait. Two thousand years ago, the location would have been near the ancient city of Thaj. Al-Dafi's dimensions are 235 x 200 meters, and excavations there yielded the following notable finds: An abundance of pottery in a variety of sizes and shapes, as well as 149 bags worth of pottery fragments. Clay statues, also known as terracotta statues. Beads for use as ornamentation, made of soap, alabaster, and stone, also revealing the site's age. Tools made of glass, metal, and wood, including a translucent glass shard with a mysterious shape, an oxidized copper rod, a small copper ring, and a high-quality fragment of a small wooden comb.	2.71875
72819822	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dafi%20Site	Al-Dafi Site	Hellenistic Architecture According to historian Ali Al-Durora, Al-Dafi's excavations are thought to have unearthed the most significant Hellenistic city on the eastern coast with complete architecture. The recently discovered Hellenic architecture provides crucial cues about the people who lived in Jubail 2,100 years ago, including their use of domes, shoulders and pillars to mimic the texture of tensile lines, cylindrical vaults supported on enormous walls, and vaults used to protect buildings. One of the most significant characteristics of Hellenic architecture is the use of materials in accordance with their nature, so the shapes that were used in wood were not duplicated. This is in addition to strikingly wide and clear walls, the use of fine columns along entrances and facades, the use of towers with small windows for protection, and the use of cavities set into walls. When stone was employed in place of wood, as was the case in many other ancient architectural styles, stone and wood were used less fluidly, in accordance with specific architectural requirements. Additional Historical Conclusions The Arab Mamluks enjoyed wealth between 300 BC and 300 AD, according to relative dating and further archaeological analysis of the materials found in descending strata.	2.9375
72819848	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Ann%20Brown%20Newcomb	Mary Ann Brown Newcomb	Mary Ann Brown Newcomb, also known as Mary A. Newcomb (January 5, 1817 – December 23, 1892), was a camp and hospital nurse who served the Union Army during the American Civil War. She wrote the book Four Years of Work and Personal Experience in the War. When the war broke out her husband and son enlisted in the Union Army. Newcomb paid for her way to Fort Donelson following the Battle of Fort Donelson (1862). She found that both men had been wounded and she cared for them. She had no experience caring for wounded soldiers, but like other Civil War nurses, Newcomb relinquished her everyday responsibilities to serve as a hard-working nurse. Her husband, First Sergeant Hiram A.W. Newcomb (born July 25, 1811) was wounded on February 15, 1862, and died eleven days later. She provided care for her son, who healed and returned to active service, and her severely wounded husband who wished that she care for "the boys" with the 11th Illinois Infantry Regiment. She ignored the chief surgeons command for lights out at 9:00 p.m., and she provided necessary care for the soldiers. This was partly because she was a volunteer nurse, and did not report up the military chain-of-command. When no doctor was available, she amputated a finger, which was unusual among nurses. Mary Ann Brown was born on January 5, 1817, in Cayuga County, New York, the daughter of Mary Lockwood and Russell Brown. She died at her home in Effingham, Illinois on December 23, 1892. She is buried at Oakridge Cemetery in Effingham, Illinois.	2.15625
72819910	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP%20ScanJet	HP ScanJet	Unlike the ScanJet Plus, the ScanJet IIc's scanning engine, as well as its charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging sensor, were designed entirely in-house at HP by a team of dozens. The ScanJet IIc uses an imaging sensor with three linear CCDs to scan a color image in one pass, illuminating the page with two fluorescent tube lamps. Each CCD receives red, green, and blue color information separately using an optical focusing system that focuses the illuminated page onto two dichroic filters, which splits the image into the three color components that are read separately by each of the CCDs. The CCDs are refreshed periodically to eliminate low-pass filtering at the scanner's native 400 dpi, increasing vertical resolution. When scanning at lower resolutions, however, the sensor traverses the page at a faster rate, inducing a slight low-pass filter over the image (in an analog fashion) and eliminating aliasing effects on half-tone images, a beneficial side-effect when scanning halftone-printed originals. The simple linear interpolation of the ScanJet's RIP for producing scans in non-integer scalings of 400 dpi produce aliasing artifacts when scanning certain halftone originals, however. In addition, when scanning at resolutions higher than 150 dpi, the ScanJet IIc may send data up to 600 KB per second, which on contemporaneous personal computers was a data rate too fast for their disk buffers to handle. Thus, HP designed the ScanJet IIC's stepper motor drive system to occasionally stop the imaging sensor in place and ratchet it back several millimeters to allow for the disk buffer to clear and the scan to restart. The ratcheting motion prevents gaps and other distortions in the final output by accounting for the inertia of the image sensor suddenly stopping in place.	2.25
72819910	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP%20ScanJet	HP ScanJet	HP replaced the ScanJet 4p with the ScanJet 5p (sold as the ScanJet 5pse at retailers) in January 1997. It was sold alongside the ScanJet 4c as a budget offering. To that end, the ScanJet 5p was only capable of scanning up to 300 dpi and up to 24-bit color, exactly like its predecessor. The ScanJet 5p featured a redesigned chassis, with the addition of a scan button toward the front of the case that launches the bundled PictureScan software and can be set up to initiate a scan without further user intervention. HP did not offer an ADF or a transparency scanner as options for the ScanJet 5p, however, because of its budget stature. The ScanJet 5p originally shipped with a buggy TWAIN driver that caused scans within certain image editors such as Photoshop to slow down dramatically compared to scans within HP's DeskJet software. The company later issued a patched driver on their website. The ScanJet 5p contains a hardware Easter egg. On a cold power-on, holding down the scan button when the SCSI ID selector on the back is set to "0" will cause the ScanJet to play a rendition of Schiller's "Ode to Joy", by modulating the speed of the audible stepper motor drive to produce specific pitches. Network ScanJet 5 In November 1997, HP iterated on their ScanJet 4si design with the Network ScanJet 5, which connect directly to Ethernet routers (either 10BASE2, 10BASE-T, or 100BASE-T) and interface with servers running either NetWare or Windows NT Server. With a local interface comprising an LCD and a numeric keypad, the ScanJet can be controlled directly to send files to any computer on the network. If it is connected to a network capable of sending packet-switched faxes, the Network ScanJet 5 can act as a sort of fax machine, capable of sending documents to fax machines in the local area network or outside of it. However, it is incapable of receiving faxes directly; this still has to be done either through software on a computer system on the network or through an actual fax machine on the network. ScanJet 6000 series	1.9375
72819910	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP%20ScanJet	HP ScanJet	The ScanJet 5p was replaced by the ScanJet 5100c in March 1998, which was HP's first color ScanJet to connect to PCs using a 25-pin enhanced parallel port instead of SCSI. HP introduced a new technology to its RIP with the ScanJet 5100c, called Intelligent Scanning Technology (IST), which analyzes the scanned image for photo, line-art, and textual elements; identifies their boundaries; and applies post-processing to optimize each region for contrast and sharpness and performs a tracing algorithm to detected line art—turning them into vector graphics and rasterizing the recreated vector as part of the final scan. IST was reportedly buggy and resulted in distorted output caused by false positives. The ScanJet 5200c, released in 1999, added USB connectivity, while the ScanJet 5300c, released in 2000, bumped the optical resolution to 1200 dpi and the color depth to 42 bits. The ScanJet 5370c, released in the same year, came with an optional transparency adapter that replaced the old system (in which the top lid is entirely replaced with the adapter unit) with a smaller, standalone unit that rests on the flatbed itself (with the lid open), plugging into the back of the main ScanJet unit to power its backlight. 2001's ScanJet 5470c bumped the optical resolution to 2400 dpi and was alternatively sold as the 5490c with the ADF built-in. 2002's ScanJet 5550c was sold exclusively as an ADF-enabled flatbed for the document processing market. The ScanJet 5530, a more traditional image scanner, bumped the color depth to 48 bits and included a miniature ADF for 4-by-6-inch prints. 2004's ScanJet 5590 was an ADF–flatbed hybrid similar to the 5550c that increased the maximum number of pages per sheetfed scan from 35 pages to 50 pages. ScanJet Enterprise Flow	2.078125
72820001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velociraptors%20in%20Jurassic%20Park	Velociraptors in Jurassic Park	The various raptor vocals in the first film were created by combining the sounds of dolphin screams, walruses bellowing, an African crane's mating call and human rasps. Mating tortoises provided the sound of raptors communicating with each other. Sound designer Gary Rydstrom said, "I recorded that at Marine World … the people there said, 'Would you like to record these two tortoises that are mating?' It sounded like a joke, because tortoises mating can take a long time. You've got to have plenty of time to sit around and watch and record them." Other animal sounds were used as well. A hissing goose provided the noise that a raptor makes just before it kills Muldoon, while a breathing horse was used as the sound when a raptor fogs up the kitchen-door window. Various baby animals provided the sound effects for a newborn raptor, including owls and foxes. According to Rydstrom, "I already knew what the adult raptor would sound like, that it would have this screechy, raspy sound, so I tried to find a baby animal that has that rasp in it." For Jurassic Park III, new raptor vocals were created from bird sounds. Audio recordings of penguins and toucans provided the vocals in Jurassic World. The sound effects of the raptors moving around were created by sound editor Benny Burtt, who attached microphones to his shoelaces and tromped around Skywalker Ranch, the film's sound-recording facility. For Blue's operation in Fallen Kingdom, penguin noises were modified to create a purring sound. Reception The film adaptation of Jurassic Park popularized Velociraptor among the general public, and led to the naming of the Toronto Raptors, a professional basketball team formed in 1995. The kitchen scene in the first film is one of the most popular in the series.	2.46875
72820063	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole%20Perry	Carole Perry	Carole Celia Perry (born March 1959) is a British chemist who is a professor at Nottingham Trent University. Her research investigates materials and physical chemistry, and the development of biomaterials for improving human health. Early life and education Perry studied chemistry at the University of Oxford. She remained in Oxford for her doctoral research, supervised by Robert Williams where her research investigated silicification in biological systems. Research and career Perry moved to St Hilda's College, Oxford as a junior research fellow. In 1987, she was appointed a lecturer at Brunel University. After six years at Brunel, Perry moved to Nottingham Trent University, where she worked as lecturer, reader and head of department. Perry spent parts of her career at Harvard University, University at Buffalo and the Weizmann Institute of Science. Perry works on biomaterials, such as silk-silica and silk-calcium phosphate materials for bone repair. Perry has investigated biosilification and the role of silicon in bone health. In the poultry industry, the fast growth of chickens can give rise to skeletal issues. She developed a silicon food supplement that could be used to boost the bone strength of chickens. In 2014, Perry took part in the Royal Society pairing scheme, and job shadowed the politician Lilian Greenwood in the House of Commons. Selected publications Awards and honours Perry was awarded a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award to identify new design rules and synthesis strategies for biomolecules.	2.5
72820103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Tameside%20Metropolitan%20Borough%20Council%20election	2023 Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council election	The 2023 Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council elections took place on 4 May 2023 alongside other local elections in the United Kingdom. Due to boundary changes, all 57 seats on Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council were contested. Labour retained its majority on the council. Background The Local Government Act 1972 created a two-tier system of metropolitan counties and districts covering Greater Manchester, Merseyside, South Yorkshire, Tyne and Wear, the West Midlands, and West Yorkshire starting in 1974. Manchester was a district of the Greater Manchester metropolitan county. The Local Government Act 1985 abolished the metropolitan counties, with metropolitan districts taking on most of their powers as metropolitan boroughs. The Greater Manchester Combined Authority was created in 2011 and began electing the mayor of Greater Manchester from 2017, which was given strategic powers covering a region coterminous with the former Greater Manchester metropolitan county. Since its creation in 1974, Tameside has always been under Labour control, aside from 1978 to 1982 when the Conservatives held a majority. In June 2022 the Local Government Boundary Commission for England made The Tameside (Electoral Changes) Order 2022, which officially abolished the existing 19 wards and created 19 new wards with different boundaries. Because of this change, all 57 seats on the council, three per ward, were to be contested. Electoral process The election took place using the plurality block voting system, a form of first-past-the-post voting, with each ward being represented by three councillors. The candidate with the most votes in each ward will serve a four-year term ending in 2027, the second-placed candidate will serve a three-year term anding in 2026 and the third-placed candidate will serve a one-year term ending in 2024.	2.46875
72821120	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20F.%20Wakefield	Sarah F. Wakefield	Sarah F. Wakefield (September 29, 1829–May 27, 1899) was an American woman who was taken captive for six weeks during the Dakota War of 1862 and was a writer of Six Weeks in the Sioux Tepees: A Narrative of Indian Captivity. She testified for Chaska (We-Chank-Wash-ta-don-pee), who held her for six weeks, and although his sentence was commuted he was hanged with 37 other men following the trial. Early years Sarah F. Brown was born on September 29, 1829, in Kingston, Rhode Island. Her parents were Sarah and William Brown. She left Rhode Island in 1854, due to a disagreement with her mother that left them uncommunicative. Marriage She moved to Minnesota in 1854, where she met Dr. John Luman Wakefield, whose brother was James Wakefield, an attorney. She married him in Shakopee, Minnesota in 1856, becoming Sarah F. Wakefield. Her husband, a graduate of Yale University Medical School, was from Winsted, Connecticut. He had a medical practice in Shakopee, was a land speculator, and was a legislator. The family was amongst the first settlers of Big Earth City and Dr. Wakefield worked as a physician at Yellow Medicine, an Upper Sioux Agency. Having moved in 1861, they lived in a well-appointed house, on a bluff, next to the Agency building, at the confluence of the Yellow Medicine and Minnesota Rivers. Wakefield was described as: The couple had four children: James O Wakefield, born in 1857 Lucy E Wakefield, born in 1860 Julia E Wakefield, born about 1866 John R Wakefield, born about 1868	2.40625
72821357	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20D.%20David	C. D. David	David was a CMC Christian from Trichur and was the son of Kunnathikara Daniel. He acquired some knowledge of Sanskrit language in childhood and studied English up to matriculation class. At that time, he stayed with his father's brother for some time in Lakkidi. He became a teacher at the Government High School in Trichur and then a Malayalam scholar at the Sikshakrama Pathshala there. He also worked for a short time as co-editor of Devaji Bhimaji's Keralamitram newspaper. He also published several articles in newspapers such as Malayala Manorama, Kozhikodan Manorama, Kerala Patrika, Kerala Sanchari, Paschima Tarakam, Nasrani Deepika and Satyanadakahalam, and in magazines such as Vidyavinodini, Bhashaposhini, Rasikaranjini, Nallishwara Vilasom, etc. He was a close friend of Vidyavinodini'''s editor C. P. Achutha Menon. After leaving the government service, David worked for a while as the manager of a printing press called Janopakari. He built a house in Wadakkancherry and settled there. He spent his final days there. As a writer, David was active between the period 1891 and 1915. Writing Although David was a prose writer, he also wrote poetry. Among his works the following are important:	2.15625
72821573	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20B.%20Hackenburg	William B. Hackenburg	William Bower Heckenburg (June 2, 1837 – June 27, 1918) was a Jewish-American silk manufacturer and philanthropist from Philadelphia. Life Hackenburg was born on June 2, 1837, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Judah Lazarus Hackenburg and Maria Allen. His father was a German immigrant from Koblenz, Prussia, and his mother was an English immigrant. Hackenburg attended public school in Philadelphia and received religious and Hebrew instruction from A. I. H. Bernal and Sim'ha Cohen Peixotto. He went to New York City, New York, in 1850 and attended a boarding school headed by Rabbi Max Lilienthal. Two years later, he began working at the general merchandise store of S. & D. Teller in Wilmington, North Carolina. He worked there for several years, after which he returned to Philadelphia and began working in his father's business as a jobber in shawls and dress goods. The business closed with his father's death in 1861. In 1863, he, Jacob Aub, and Anthony Bohem formed the firm Aub, Hackenburg & Company, which manufactured and dealt in machine and sewing silks. The business grew so quickly they established branch offices in several American cities. Following Aub's death in 1887 the firm was renamed W. B. Hackenburg & Company, and in 1889 Bohem died as well.	2.234375
72822363	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad%20Subah	Hyderabad Subah	Secession In 1713, Mubariz Khan, a Mughal officer with a long tenure in the northern parts of the empire, was appointed to the governorship by Farrukhsiyar, who was now Mughal emperor. An able administrator, he was able to attack and subdue several unruly zamindars in the province, as well as keep Maratha raids at bay. His practice of military forcefulness compelled these zamindars to pay taxes out of fear, which gave his governorship more security than the preceding ones. As he brought stability to the region, he also began to sever its connections to the empire - he only paid occasional sums to the Mughal central treasury and appointed his own provincial officers. Hence Hyderabad increasingly acted as a power base for Mubariz Khan himself, rather than a subah of the empire. A major factor behind this was not just Mubariz Khan's skill as an administrator, but also the decline of the Mughal Empire itself - the imperial centre had deteriorated to the point that it simply could not enforce its authority on Mubariz Khan's activity. In 1713, Farrukhsiyar also appointed Chin Qilich Khan (recently titled Nizam-ul Mulk) to the viceroyalty of the Deccan, governor of the six subahs of the Mughal Deccan. He served this post for the second time in the period 1720–1722, during which time he also began to consolidate his authority in the region. He came at odds with Mubariz Khan, who was a challenge to his authority in Hyderabad subah, but briefly left for Delhi to serve as wazir. In 1724, the Nizam returned to the Deccan with the intent of establishing an independent kingdom, and defeated Mubariz Khan in the Battle of Shakar Kheda with Maratha support.	2.46875
72823172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chips%20Fire	Chips Fire	'Chips' the bobcat On August 25, a handcrew discovered a lone baby bobcat while patrolling and mopping up on the north end of the fire. The dazed four-week-old female kitten would not leave the crew, who after searching for the kitten's mother brought her to the incident command post before she was turned over to the non-profit group Lake Tahoe Wildlife Care. Dubbed 'Chips', the bobcat was placed with another orphaned bobcat of the same age. After more than seven months of rehabilitation, Chips was released the following spring in Humboldt County. Effects The Chips Fire caused no fatalities. A number of injuries occurred, including a faller who was struck on the head and knocked unconscious by a large dead limb from a burnt snag he was in the process of taking down. The faller was quickly transported to a Chico medical facility and was released the same day. The Chips Fire destroyed nine structures. The fire also damaged electricity distribution lines for the community of Quincy and the general Eastern Feather River area. The stretch of the Pacific Crest Trail between Belden and Highway 36 closed on July 29, the first day of the fire. The trail re-opened in the fire area by September 13, 2012.	2.265625
72823363	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop%20melayu	Pop melayu	Pop melayu () is a pop rock music genre influenced by rhythms and musical traditions of the Malays of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, plus their cultural sphere. History The progenitor of this genre is the frequent movement of bangsawan acts between Malaya, Deli (now Medan), Riau Islands and Java which later developed into Orkes Melayu ("Malay orchestra") starting in the 1930s, their compositions took from Indian and Arabic influences played with Western instruments, while their song lyrics often took from pantun. Malayan-Singaporean cinema was often a huge inspiration, especially from P. Ramlee. In 1960s Singapore, many 'fast guitar groups' (kumpulan gitar rancak, abbreviated as kugiran) sprung among the Malay community there influenced by contemporary Western music incorporating similar traditions. Since the 2010s, There are two pop melayu streams including the classification which is popular in Malaysia and the other is in Indonesia. In Indonesia early, pop melayu was popular in the mid-2000s which was pioneered by ST12. Until now, there have been many popular music groups with this genre. Those that managed to penetrate the domestic and international markets included ST12, Wali, Kangen Band, Armada, Radja, Hijau Daun, Dadali, Repvblik, Demeises, and others. The success of the pop melayu genre in dominating the market share in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei in general has also changed the color of the arrangements of pop genre music groups which were originally popular.	2.546875
72823788	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hickey%20v%20McGowan	Hickey v McGowan	To decide whether the first defendant was responsible for the second defendant's behavior, the Supreme Court used the "Close Connection test". The close relationship test must be used to portray Irish law, and it appears obvious that test was satisfied in this case, according to the majority of the judgment: "the close connection test must be taken to represent the law in Ireland…it seems clear that that test was satisfied in this case. The abuse took place during the very act of teaching in the classroom". The judges determined that the first defendant's responsibility also included sexual abuse. In the case of Mohamud v. WM Morrison Supermarkets plc, it was decided that a company was responsible for an employee's aggressive treatment of a client. Even if the rugby players had punched each other, it was decided in Gravill v. Carroll that the rugby employer was nevertheless found liable. In Wallbank v. Wallbank Fox Designs, it was determined that even if the employee assaulted his boss, the employer was still found liable because the incident was closely associated to the occupation.	1.914063
72823886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandra%20Mohan%20Kumar	Chandra Mohan Kumar	Chandra Mohan Kumar (born on 24 June 1948) is an ophthalmic anaesthetist. In 2010, he was named Britain's Top Doctor under the anesthesia category by The Times newspaper. He has done work on fasting guidelines, ophthalmic anaesthesia, elderly anaesthesia, local anaesthesia, endocrine anaesthesia, oral anesthesia, airway management. In four decades of his career, he has worked in the medical field in various capacities. In the course of his professional career, he published around 200 research papers and 10 books, and some books were translated in other languages. Life and education He was born on 24 June 1948 in Cheran Village, Bihar, India. Initially, he attended high school in Harnaut, Bihar. Later, he enrolled in Bihar National College, Patna University, in order to complete intermediate studies. A graduate of Prince of Wales Medical College, Patna, which is now known as Patna Medical College Hospital (PMCH), he received his MBBS degree in 1973. From 1976 to 1979, he worked at the Bihar Military Hospital, Patna as a Civil Assistant Surgeon. After arrival in England in 1979, he was enrolled in the Faculty of Anesthesia at the Royal College of Surgeons in England, London and received DARCS (Diploma in Anaesthesia). Further, he received higher degrees, FFARCS from the Faculty of Anaesthesia, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in 1984, MSc. (Medical Informatics) from the University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK in 1997, FRCA (Fellow of the Royal College of Anaesthetists in 2001, London), EDRA (European Diploma in Regional Anaesthesia in 2010 by the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia, Brussels). He was conferred honorary FAMS (Fellow of Academy of Medicine Singapore) in 2022. Career Upon completion of his MBBS, he served as a house officer and senior house officer in various medical sub-specialties at PMCH between 1973 and 1976. In 1976, he worked as a Civil Assistant Surgeon at the Bihar Military Police Hospital in Patna.	2.0625
72824037	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown%20of%20Sancho%20IV	Crown of Sancho IV	The crown of Sancho IV, imperial crown or crown of the cameos is a royal crown which belonged to King Sancho IV of Castile. The crown was first mentioned by Alfonso X of Castile in his will on 21 January 1284. Known to have been worn at least by kings Fernando III, Alfonso X, and Sancho IV, the crown was buried with the latter in the Cathedral of Toledo, and fortuitously discovered in 1948 when archaeologists were conducting a search for the tomb of Sancho II of Portugal. As such, it is one of very few extant and entirely unmodified medieval royal crowns in existence. Description The crown, measuring some 57×8cm, is made up of eight 7×4.5cm gilded silver plates joined by hinges. At the top, in the centre of each plate, is a heraldic castle with three towers. In the centre of each plaque is a precious stone or a cameo. Four have uncut sapphires; alternating with the sapphires are four cameos: two of Imperial Roman origin and two of Staufer or Southern Italian origin. The two Roman cameos, dating back to the 1st century CE, depict portraits of Drusus the Younger and Queen Omphale, covered with the skin of the Lion of Nemea. The medieval Italian cameos copy the style of ancient Roman cameos, and depict two unidentified men. History The crown was mentioned for the first time in the will of Alfonso X the Wise on 21 January 1284: The three preserved copies of the will speak of crowns in plural. The use of cameos in Castilian royal crowns seems to not have been infrequent. Indeed, on 1 November 1362 Pedro I of Castile granted his testament in Seville, in which he wrote: The treatment of the royal crowns and jewels was similar to the distribution of the family jewels of a father to his children. Sancho IV ordered his burial in the Cathedral of Toledo in 1285:	2.625
72824339	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haku%C5%8Dh%C5%8D%20Tetsuya	Hakuōhō Tetsuya	Early life and sumo background As a kid, Ochiai played football from the first grade to the fourth grade. Because of his physique and poor playing habits, he was nevertheless advised to quit the sport. While in second grade at Seitoku Elementary School in Kurayoshi, the same school as former Kotozakura, he took part in the "Sakura-zumo" children's tournament and decided to take up the sport when he won the individual competition as a fourth grader. It was only during that time he began to wrestle regularly. He entered Tottori Nishi Junior High School, the sister school of Tottori Jōhoku High School, but had to hang in there, calling his father at the end of his first sumo training session to throw in the towel, the rigors of training being too much for him. Encouraged by Ichinojō, who was Jōhoku High's club captain, he nevertheless kept at it and during the junior high school national championships in his second year, he defeated the reigning champion, citing this moment as the one that made him love sumo. In ninth grade, he won the Hakuhō Cup junior high school tournament. However, it was also during these years that he injured his shoulder, a condition that has not yet fully healed. He then entered Tottori Jōhoku High School and won the title of high school in his second and third year of high school competition; in his third year, he was in the top eight at the All-Japan Championships and thus was eligible for sandanme tsukedashi. After graduating from high school, he focused on healing his shoulder injury and worked at his father's metalwork machinery company Noda Gumi in Tottori. By virtue of winning the All Japan Corporate Sumo Championship in September 2022 (and thus being named Corporate Yokozuna) he was eligible to enter professional sumo as '. Early career	1.960938
72824817	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfredo%20Settala	Manfredo Settala	Manfredo was inspired to form his own collection at the age of fifteen after a visit to the Ducal Palace at Mantua, where he saw incredible treasures. He accumulated numerous archeological relics, paintings, manuscripts and curiosities, which were displayed to visiting scholars. In pursuit of his scientific endeavors, he installed a laboratory as an adjunct to his museum in which he conducted experiments. Settala purchased large numbers of clocks, mathematical and astronomical instruments, and experimental physics apparatus, which were exhibited in his museum in addition to numerous mechanisms, instruments and devices of his own design and construction. The museum created by Manfredo Settala was in its day one of the most important cultural institutions in Milan and was internationally famous. It was housed in the family residence, the Palazzo Settala, which today is 26, via Pantano. The palazzo in via Pantano of this “Italian Archimedes”, as Manfredo was called, was frequented by foreign visitors throughout the year. A visit by Nicolas Steno to Settala in the summer 1671 was recorded by Paolo Maria Terzago, who described how Steno performed a dissection in the house of Settala. John Evelyn, Balthasar de Monconys and Philip Skippon visited the museum during their journey to Italy. Visitors such as the German physicist Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, one of the pioneers of porcelain manufacture in Europe, traveled to Milan specifically to meet Settala and discuss his inventions with him.	2.625
72825478	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Billinghurst	Mark Billinghurst	Mark Nathan Billinghurst is a professor in computer interface technologies. His work focuses on applications of virtual reality (VR) andaugmented reality (AR) technology. Billinghurst has been a Fellow of the IEEE since 2023. Education Billinghurst completed his school education at the New Plymouth Boys' High School. He received Bachelor of Computing and Mathematical Science (first class honors) and Master of Philosophy (Applied Mathematics & Physics) degrees in 1990 and 1992 respectively. Both degrees are from Waikato University. He received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Washington's Human Interface Technology Laboratory in 2002. His dissertation was Shared Space: Explorations in Collaborative Augmented Reality. Billinghurst's doctoral advisors were Linda Shapiro and Thomas A. Furness III. For his PhD course, Billinghurst created the Magic Book, a children's book animated through augmented reality produced by a head-mounted display. Billinghurst describes the Magic Book as technology "that allows you to overlay computer graphics onto the real world, in real time".	2.421875
72825789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizamuddin%20Amethwi	Nizamuddin Amethwi	Shaikh Nizamuddin Usmani Amethwi (1493 – 1571 AD/900 – 979 AH) was an Indian Islamic scholar and spiritual Sufi saint of the Chishtiyya Sufi order. He was a descendant of the Sufi saint Shaikh Sirri as-Saqti of Baghdad. Lineage The lineage of Amethwi is as follows: Nizamuddin ibn Muhammad Yasin ibn Fakhruddin ibn Abul Fazal ibn Tajuddin Usmani. Early life and education He was born in 1493 in the village of Amethi in the Lucknow district of the former Avadh state in the family of Muhammad Yasin Amethwi. He started his primary education in his childhood. He then moved to Jaunpur and studied under Shaykh Maruf bin Abdul Waasi'. He then went to Mankapur and received Bay'ah (discipleship) in the Chishtiyya Tariqa (Chishti Order) from Nuruddin Ibn Hamid Hussaini. Career He then returned to Jaunpur and after staying for some time returned to Amethi. In Amethi he married Makhduma Jahan, daughter of Khassah-i-Khuda Salehi and then moved to Gopamau. Then Amethvi gave his daughter in marriage to Mufti Adam Ibn Muhammad Siddiqi and stayed there for some time. He then returned to his homeland and spent his days in worship and teaching. Then he was appointed as the Shaikh. Death and legacy He later moved to Gopamau and died there in 1571. He was buried in his birthplace Amethi. At his shrine, Tardi Beg built a large mausoleum. His wife, Makhduma Jahan, had six children. They are Abdul Jalil, Abdul Wahhab, Abdul Waasi', Muhammad, Ahmad and Abdul Halim. Among them, Abdul Wasi, Abdul Wahhab and Abdul Jalil died during his lifetime. His second wife gave birth to a son named Jafar.	1.9375
72826142	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Urho%20Kemp	John Urho Kemp	He was interested in metaphysical philosophy all of his life, studying new age and esoteric philosophies. Kemp attended Manly P. Hall lectures at the Philosophical Research Society during the early 1980s and traveled around the world to witness solar eclipses. He was also interested in the properties of healing crystals and was a frequent patron at the Marin hot springs in northern California, During his lifetime, Kemp was also a member of Institute of Divine Metaphysical Research. Kemp died on January 31, 2010. While his apartment was being cleaned after his death, a trove of his works were discovered there. San Francisco based artist Aram Muksian saved these materials and created an online archive which has sparked newfound interest in John Urho Kemp's work. Career Process and materials The earliest dated works of John Urho Kemp are from the late 1970s. He was most likely a self-taught outsider artist who communicated his ideas about metaphysics, health, meditation, and other topics, such as life, love and divinity throughout his artistic works. His works include mathematical formulas, geometrical objects and gematric calculations closely related to Kabbalah. Most of his pieces were created using pen or pencil on blank scrap paper. However, some of his works were fashioned as magic cubes constructed out of paper and folded to form three dimensional structures. The works were often meticulously drawn and lettered, then copied en masse and distributed to people he encountered. Kemp used to leave copies of his works on random car windshields, and was known to distribute them to anyone he met who was interested.	2.359375
72826203	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crumble%27s%20Crisis	Crumble's Crisis	Crumble's Crisis is an action-adventure video game written by Ivan Mackintosh and published by Red Rat Software in 1986 for Atari 8-bit computers. This is the first game in a trilogy of Captain Crumble's adventures, followed by Space Lobsters and Time Runner. Plot Dozens of alien Fuzzie's have escaped from the inter-galactic zoo. Captain Crumble has to search all the five levels of the multiverse to find and snare the Fuzzies in the containment cages. Gameplay Crumble's Crisis is a flip-screen action-adventure game in which the player controlling Captain Crumble equipped with a jet backpack flies through maze-like levels, dodges hostile fauna and searches for escaped zoo creatures. There are 5 unique zones to search, each containing 6 hiding Fuzzies. The player has only one life and if they touch any wall or enemy, it will deplete the suit's energy, but it can be recovered by collecting energy packs. As in Space Lobsters - the action takes place in a shrunken window - about 1/2 of the game screen, while the rest of it is filled with decorations and cages showing the number of captured Fuzzies. Reception Crumble's Crisis received very positive reviews. In the review for Page 6 magazine, Jim Short found the game's graphics, sound, animation and gameplay "truly astounding". He also praised "a stunning comic title screen and accompanying music." Similarly, Niels Reynolds, who reviewed the game for Atari User magazine, rated it at 8 points overall, including a 9 out of 10 points for playability.	1.953125
72826206	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada%20and%20Abere	Ada and Abere	The Ada, Ida/Uda and Agada swords all contain a common Yoruba root verb, dá. The swords come in both ceremonial and regular forms, and their various shapes likely developed through their use in war. Abẹ̀rẹ̀ An Abere is a Yoruba word for a state sword said to be used by kings of different tribes. Linguistic divergence and Name variations Cyril Punch in his visit to the king of Benin in 1889, documented the use of a fan-like blade being twirled in the hands of chiefs during a ceremony. In his illustrations, he labelled and referred to the object as an “Ebere”. While his account contains the earliest known written name of the sword in the Benin kingdom, this type of object is more commonly known today as an “Eben” by the Edo people. On the other hand, among the Urhobo, one of the largest neighbours who derived certain aristocratic titles from the Benin royal court, people still know and remember the same sword by the name Abere(n). A divergence in names for the same object is not all that unexpected as lexical borrowings over time adapt to the phonology (pronunciation) of the receiving language. Moreover, even within the Yoruba dialects, the Owo people for example refer to their ceremonial fan-blade as an “Ape”. Archaeology Whether for ceremonial use, or for conventional use, it is evident that swords across these cultures have taken on varied identities, and many early oral traditions point to Ife as a source of their royal authority. Archaeological discoveries of ancient sword carvings in rock as well as stone sculptures belonging to the period of early Ife monuments have been found in Ife and its immediate surroundings. One such example is the Ada Eledisi (The Sword of Eledisi) in Ife. Another figure from the site of Igbo Orodi was sculpted holding a curved sword in its left hand and an Irukere (fly whisk) in its right with iron pegs on its body like the granite Oranmiyan staff in Ife	2.703125
72827409	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends%20of%20the%20Chicago%20River	Friends of the Chicago River	Furthering the need for fish habitat, Friends invented the Chicago River Fish Hotel, the first floating wetland in the Chicago-Calumet River System in 2004. Such structures can be a good solution for river reaches where natural banks are lacking. In 2013, Friends and Illinois Department of Natural Resources invented and installed 400 channel catfish nesting cavities. Friends also secured funding for fish habitat at the Jetty on the Chicago Riverwalk and launched an instream native planting project using highly adaptive water willow and lizard's tail to provide high-quality habitat for aquatic organisms, protect shoreline from bank erosion, create shelter for aquatic life during floods, and improve the aesthetics of the river for recreational users, adapted from a successful program on the Fox River. These native species are tolerant of changing water levels and spread via rhizome to form much larger colonies. In 2023, Friends received a National Fish & Wildlife Foundation Coastal Resilience Fund grant of $630,000 to expand this project to the entire 156 mile system. In 2013, Friends and Openlands released “Our Liquid Asset: The Economic Benefits of a Clean Chicago River,” an economic analysis which found that for every $1 spent on clean water infrastructure and public open space there is a $1.70 return on investment from individual income, taxes, corporate revenue, and jobs. In 2017, Friends and Cook County Commissioner Josina Morita (13th District), then a Metropolitan Water Reclamation District Commissioner, hosted the inaugural Big Jump to demonstrate the health and future for swimming in the Chicago-Calumet River system. First-year jumpers from all levels of government include U.S. congresswoman Jan Schakowsky (IL-9), U.S. congressman Mike Quigley (IL-5), Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle and Friends' Executive Director Margaret Frisbie.	2.03125
72827593	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin%20M.%20Kettenring	Karin M. Kettenring	Karin M. Kettenring is an American plant ecologist based in Logan, Utah. Her research focuses primarily on aspects of wetland plant ecology, including invasive plant ecology and management, native wetland seeds and seedlings, and wetland restoration. Kettenring worked in several labs and research stations across the United States before obtaining a faculty position at Utah State University as a professor of wetland ecology. Her most cited publication, “Lessons learned from invasive plant control experiments: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” looks at the literature discussing invasives species control experiments and how to ensure that research practices are most effective. Early life and education Kettenring grew up in Summit, New Jersey. In school, she enjoyed mathematics and was a part of orchestra and the track team. She attended Oberlin College from 1994 to 1998 and obtained an undergraduate degree in biology. She then interned at the Archbold Biological Station in Lake Placid, Florida from June 1999 to July 2000 where she worked on a project that focused on tracking herbivore activity on the endangered Liatris ohlingerae. From 2000 to 2006, she attended the University of Minnesota, where she received her Ph.D. in Applied Plant Sciences. Her dissertation was titled "Seed ecology of wetland Carex species-implications for restoration." Kettenring's doctoral advisor was Susan M. Galatowitsch.	2.234375

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