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78622137
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azaborine
|
Azaborine
|
Although 1,3- and 1,4-azaborines do not have a lone pair adjacent to an empty p orbital to facilitate this π interaction, they still retain their aromatic character. For 1,3-azaborines, the structure is planar and the bonds lengths sit between those of single and double bonds. Initial theoretical studies of 1,3-azaborine reported structural characteristics that were less aromatic than benzene but possessed significant delocalization of π electrons. The synthesis of this elusive azaborine isomer and subsequent crystal structure provided empirical evidence of electron delocalization in 1,3-azaborines as they displayed intra-ring bonds shorter than the expected single bond length, but longer than the expected length of the respective double bonds. Theoretical studies comparing the three isomers of azaborines found that the charge separation present in 1,3-azaborines resulting from the 1,3-arrangement of the heteroatoms enhances the delocalization of electrons in the ring. As a result, researchers have labeled 1,3-azaborines as the most aromatic of the three isomers as calculated by density functional theory calculated metrics such as harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity, extracyclic resonance energy, aromatic fluctuation index, nuclear independent chemical shift, and para-delocalization index.
| 2.078125
| 0
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78622137
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azaborine
|
Azaborine
|
Although the three isomers of azaborines possess some similar characteristic, the relative thermodynamic stabilities of these molecules is commonly referenced and investigated. Theoretical studies describe the stability of azaborine isomers as 1,2-azaborine >> 1,4-azaborine > 1,3-azaborine. However, with regard to aromaticity, 1,3-azaborines are reported to be the most aromatic and there is disagreement on the difference in aromaticity between 1,2- and 1,4-azaborines. As the aromaticity and stabilities of the molecules do not correspond, researchers have rationalized the difference in stability to be a result of the localized σ and π bond strength. The C=C double bonds and B=N double bonds are particularly strong and play a large role in stability of the molecule. According to DFT investigations using measurements such as isomerization energy decomposition analysis (IEDA), 1,2-azaborine is the most stable isomer. The stability of 1,2-azaborine results from sigma bond network as it features two C=C double bonds and a B=N double bond. In contrast, neither the 1,3- nor the 1,4-azaborine possess a B=N bond, and the two isomers possess one and two C=C double bonds, respectively. Despite their similar electronic features, the connectivity of these molecules plays a large role in their stability. Figure 16 displays the calculated bond lengths for each of the three isomers as well as the calculated thermodynamic stability using IEDA.
| 2.296875
| 0
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78622745
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Marye
|
William Marye
|
William Bose Marye (1886–1979) was an American antiquary, genealogist, historian, writer, and amateur archaeologist, and a prominent authority in Maryland history, genealogy, topography, and Native American archaeology.
Biography
Marye was born on September 3, 1886, at Bellevue Farm near Kingsville, Baltimore County, Maryland, the only son of William Nelson Marye and Mary Bose Marye née Gittings.
He attended Marston's School, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1907. He was a member of the Maryland Naval Militia.
Marye became the official genealogist for the Colonial Dames of America, and a member of the Maryland Historical Society, for which he published numerous articles in the Maryland Historical Magazine. He also published articles for Pennsylvania and Delaware archaeological societies.
Marye was a member of the committee chaired by Solon J. Buck that investigated the Horn Papers. He is credited as an early researcher of "The Great Maryland Barrens".
He never married, and died at age 93 in Baltimore on October 23, 1979.
Legacy
The William B. Marye Award has, since 1983, been awarded annually by the Archaeological Society of Maryland to honor individuals who have contributed to Maryland archaeology.
| 2.390625
| 0
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78622799
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket%20handle%20tear
|
Bucket handle tear
|
A bucket-handle tear of the knee is a specific type of meniscal injury characterized by a longitudinal tear of the medial or lateral meniscus, where a displaced inner fragment resembles the appearance of a "bucket handle". This displaced meniscal fragment often remains attached at the anterior and posterior horns but dislocates into the intercondylar notch of the knee joint. Such injuries can cause mechanical symptoms, including locking and restricted movement of the knee.
Anatomy
The knee joint contains two crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures, the menisci (medial and lateral), which serve as shock absorbers and stabilize the joint during movement. Each meniscus has an outer vascular zone (red-red zone), which has a good blood supply and healing potential as well as a central avascular zone (white-white zone), which has limited healing capability.
The medial meniscus is more prone to injury due to its firm attachment to the joint capsule and limited mobility. The lateral meniscus is more mobile and less frequently injured.
Pathophysiology
A bucket-handle tear occurs when a significant longitudinal tear develops, often as a result of trauma or excessive twisting forces applied to the knee. The displaced fragment can flip into the intercondylar notch, impeding normal joint motion. The injury is most commonly seen in:
Young, active individuals: Especially those engaged in sports like soccer, basketball, or skiing.
Traumatic events: Sudden twisting or pivoting movements with the knee in flexion and rotation.
Degenerative knees: Less commonly, a bucket-handle tear can occur in older individuals with preexisting meniscal degeneration.
The injury frequently occurs in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.
| 2.546875
| 0
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78622799
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket%20handle%20tear
|
Bucket handle tear
|
Clinical presentation
Patients with a bucket-handle tear typically present with the following symptoms:
Knee locking: A classic symptom where the displaced fragment physically blocks full extension of the knee
Pain: Sudden, sharp pain localized to the joint line
Swelling: Acute hemarthrosis (blood in the joint) due to associated trauma
Mechanical symptoms: Popping, clicking, or catching during movement
Reduced range of motion: Especially inability to fully extend the knee (extension block)
The patient may report a history of a twisting injury or sports-related trauma
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a bucket-handle tear is based on a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies:
Physical examination
Joint line tenderness (medial or lateral, depending on the location of the tear)
Positive McMurray test: Pain or clicking when the knee is rotated while flexed
Loss of knee extension (locked knee)
Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): The gold standard for diagnosing bucket-handle tears. Key findings on MRI include:
Double PCL sign: The displaced meniscal fragment mimics the appearance of a second posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) on sagittal images.
Flipped meniscus appearance: The displaced fragment creates an abnormal signal within the joint in sagittal view.
Plain Radiographs (X-rays): While X-rays cannot visualize meniscal tears, they may rule out bony injuries. Occasionally, a joint effusion may be observed.
Treatment
Management of bucket-handle tears is primarily surgical, as these tears often cause mechanical symptoms and are unlikely to heal on their own due to the displacement of the meniscal fragment. Treatment approaches include:
| 1.984375
| 0
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78623075
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag%20of%20Okinawa%20Prefecture
|
Flag of Okinawa Prefecture
|
The is a white field charged in the center with the prefectural emblem, which consists of three circles stacked on top of each other. The two inner circles are positioned upwards; the outermost and innermost circles are red and the middle circle is white. The emblem was adopted on May 15, 1972, when the United States ended its administration of the Ryukyu Islands and returned Okinawa Prefecture to Japan. The flag was adopted shortly afterward on October 13, 1972.
Design and symbolism
The flag's charge is the . It consists of three circles stacked on top of each other, alternating between red and white. The inner two circles are positioned upwards. The outermost circle is red and represents the Pacific Ocean, which surrounds Okinawa Prefecture. The middle circle is white and represents the letter "O" in the rōmaji spelling of "Okinawa". It is also meant to symbolize a circle of people united together. The innermost circle is red and represents the prefecture's potential for development. Accordingly, the Okinawa Prefectural Government describes the emblem itself as "a symbol of the ocean, peace, and development."
According to the prefectural notice that introduced the flag, the emblem's shade of red is Munsell value 3.5R 4/16, or hexadecimal code #C5003B. However, the flag on the prefectural government's official website uses a different shade of red, hexadecimal code #DC000C.
History
The Empire of Japan transformed its vassal the Ryukyu Kingdom into the Ryukyu Domain in 1872 and annexed it outright in 1879, establishing Okinawa Prefecture. The de jure independent kingdom did not have a national flag.
The U.S. militarily occupied the Ryukyu Islands after defeating Japan in the Pacific War of World War II. While the Amami Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture were returned to Japan in 1953, Okinawa Prefecture remained under U.S. administration until 1972. During the period of U.S. rule, the U.S. flag was the only national flag permitted to fly in Okinawa Prefecture.
| 2.90625
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78623132
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caboloan
|
Caboloan
|
According to Baldomero Pulido’s doctoral dissertation as well as Restituto Basa, Caboloan was a ‘kingdom’ ruled by a man named Ari Kasikis, while Pangasinan was ruled by Ari Kasilag. This ruler was also mentioned in the census of 1918, 1920 and by the history book ‘History of Lingayen’ (1957) by Santiago S. Velasquez. According to local legend, the kingdom was said to have spanned Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, La Union, Mountain Province and Pangasinan. However, historian Erwin Fernandez (2010) notes that:“Pangasinan history writers had propagated the names Kasilag and Kasikis as the two kings ruling in the coastal and interior communities contemporaneous with Rajahs Soliman and Lakandula but this contact period account did not cite any of these names. The reason might have been the 1920 source, on which these authors had relied, which mentioned Kasikis – the Census of the Philippine Islands…in the year 1918. Without going to the original sources, historical writers with the exception of historians are liable to writing fiction, not history. This situation similarly applies to the search for the founding date of Pangasinan. Kasikis and Kasilag might be another Urduja or Thalamasin."
Spanish conquest and occupation
After the conquest of Pangasinan by Juan de Salcedo in 1572, the encomienda of Pangasinan was founded as an encomienda. However this did not yet include Caboloan.
In 1574, the Chinese pirate Limahong landed in Pangasinan to establish his own kingdom. In reaction, the Spaniards landed at San Fabian on 23 March 1575. Afterwards, it was said that the Spaniards climbed at the foot of the Zambales Mountains to observe the kingdom of Ari Kasikis, where they witnessed a highly-organized animistic ritual.
| 2.4375
| 0
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78623132
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caboloan
|
Caboloan
|
Culture and Religion
The people of Caboloan and the people of Pangasinan belonged to a single ethnic group, which is contemporarily referred to simply as ‘Pangasinan’. Similar to other chiefdoms in Pangasinan, the people of Caboloan were also known for their warrior culture. They worshipped Apolaki, the ‘God of War’, who, according to Aduarte, scolded the people for “receiving foreigners with white teeth”, as blackening their teeth was one of their customs. The people of Caboloan also performed tagams (war dances), and were also known as raiders or mangangayaw.
Similar to other cultures in the Philippine Archipelago, they also worshipped anitos and had female shamans. Mourning rites also required human sacrifice and adultery was strictly punished.
Economy
Caboloan was reliant on its bamboo, hence the name of the state. It traded bamboo, beeswax and other forest products with the coastal settlements in exchange for salt and other items coming from the trade with the Ming Chinese. The river Agno was a well-used river for trade, commerce and transport of goods from one place to another. The Agno flows from the interior and into the river delta.
While disadvantaged with the lack of maritime commerce, Caboloan had an abundance of water supply and arable land, as well as other raw materials. Hence they were referred to as better developed than their coastal counterparts. They were also known for trading with the Chinese, the Japanese and Indians. It is said that by the time that the Spaniards had arrived, that the people of Caboloan were already wearing gold jewelry and had a well-developed system of agriculture and farming methods.
| 3.015625
| 0
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78623393
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Waterman
|
Jonathan Waterman
|
Jonathan Waterman (born 1956) is an American writer, adventurer, and environmentalist. He has written 17 nonfiction books, and his work has appeared in many journals, including The New York Times, Outside, Backpacker, National Geographic Adventure, Adventure Journal, and Men’s Journal. Working as talent, team leader, videographer, and writer, he has conceived or contributed to a half dozen adventure films including productions by WGBH, the Outdoor Life Network, and ESPN.
Early writing
Waterman wrote his first book, Surviving Denali, in 1982, while working as a Denali Mountaineering Ranger, tasked with educating, and sometimes rescuing, climbers in that national park. To address the many avoidable mishaps on that Alaskan mountain, he identified the patterns behind accidents, and wrote the book to reduce deaths and rescues. He named it Surviving Denali (rather than Mt. McKinley) in honor of the original Athapaskan name for the mountain, although it would take another 23 years for the federal government to change the name back to Denali. The book went through numerous reprints over four decades and he considers it one of his most important books because it has saved lives.
In 1988, he published High Alaska, a mountaineering guidebook and a history of climbing on Denali and Mounts Foraker and Hunter. Waterman believed that an anecdotal history would build respect and appreciation for the mountains and the pioneer climbers. Waterman gathered the personal histories and stories from many of the first ascensionists. Then he selected the best route photographs from the aerial collection of his mentor Bradford Washburn.
His third book, published in 1994, is also about North America's highest mountain. In the Shadow of Denali is a compilation of stories focused on the personal illumination gained from climbing mountains.
| 1.914063
| 0
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78623393
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Waterman
|
Jonathan Waterman
|
Environmental inspirations
Inspired as a teenager by the environmental writings of Peter Matthiessen, Rachel Carson, and Edward Abbey, in 1993 he paddled a sea kayak 800 miles down the Gulf of California to write a book about the decline of the sea. Kayaking the Vermilion Sea won the “Best Adventure Travel” book award in Canada's Banff Mountain Book Festival in 1995.
In 2001 Waterman published Arctic Crossing to chronicle his 2,200-mile paddle, sail, dogsled and ski trek across the roof of North America in a linear narrative. The mostly solo journey—accomplished in over a half dozen different trips—took him ten months from July 1997 through September 1999. He had financed the trip by making an adventure film “Odyssey Among the Inuit” for the Outdoor Life Network, filming much of the journey by himself and writing the script for the two part television series. The book won an honorable mention in the National Outdoor Book awards, and the Best Adventure Travel book at the Banff Book Festival. In 2004, Waterman was awarded a Literary Fellowship to the National Endowment for the Arts.
| 2.140625
| 0
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78623615
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%20Tortuga
|
Far Tortuga
|
Far Tortuga is a novel by American author Peter Matthiessen, first published in 1975 by Random House and republished in 1976 by Bantam. Known for its unique typography and poetic prose, the novel follows the story of a group of Caribbean turtle fishermen as they sail the waters of the Cayman Islands aboard the schooner Lillias Eden.
Plot
The novel tells the story of a crew of nine turtle fishermen who venture out to sea in search of green turtles on the schooner Lillias Eden. Led by Captain Raib Avers, a veteran seaman, the journey is largely filled with arguments between crew members about the decline of traditional fishing ways, the weather and differences between the new and old generations. Three crew members eventually leave, and the remaining crew encounter severe weather, leading to the sinking of the Lillias Eden and the death of five of the six remaining crew.
Development
Matthiessen began writing Far Tortuga in 1966 or 1967, taking eight years to complete. Matthiessen was initially meant to write an nonfiction article about Caribbean turtle fishing for The New Yorker titled "To The Miskito Bank" (1967), but later told his editor, William Shawn, that he wanted to write a book on it as well. To write the two pieces, he visited the Grand Cayman Island thrice and learned the local dialect to utilize it in the book. Unlike his previous books, he made minimal use of similes and metaphor. The experimental nature of the book's style brought Matthiessen into dispute with his editor at Random House, Joe Fox, who did not fully support the book. The book was published in 1975 by Random House, and republished in 1976 by Bantam Books. An excerpt was also published prior, in 1974, in The Paris Review.
| 2.21875
| 0
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78623697
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya%20ibn%20Sa%27id%20al-Qattan
|
Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan
|
Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan (; 120 AH/738 CE – 198 AH/813 CE) was a Basran hadith scholar of the tabi' al-tabi'in who is considered a progenitor of Sunni hadith criticism.
Biography
Yahya ibn Sa'id was born in Basra in 120 AH/738 CE to descendants of freed slaves from Banu Tamim; his work in the cotton trade earned him the nisba al-Qattan. He travelled to Medina, Baghdad and Kufa in pursuit of hadith. He audited the lessons of Shu'ba ibn al-Hajjaj for twenty years, as well as those of Sufyan al-Thawri. His other teachers included the grammarian Hammad ibn Salamah, the jurists Malik ibn Anas and al-Awza'i, and Ibn Jurayj, a substantial proportion of whose extant biographical information has been transmitted through him. His own students included Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ali ibn al-Madini, Yahya ibn Ma'in, and Ishaq ibn Rahwayh. He reportedly authored two works which have not survived: al-Ḍuʿafā, a book of unreliable hadith narrators, and Kitāb al-Maghāzī. Ibn Sa'id died in Basra in 198 AH/813 CE.
Views
Ibn Sa'id was critical of hadith that he transmitted without a sahabi narrator (i.e., mursal hadith), and identified tadlīs performed by hadith narrators regardless of their stature, including his teacher and celebrated jurist Sufyan al-Thawri. He was known for his strict standards in biographical evaluation. He deemed several ascetics and Sufis as unreliable narrators and was sceptical of hadith transmitted through them. A famous statement that can be plausibly attributed to Ibn Sa'id through isnad-cum-matn analysis comments on how the pious (al-ṣāliḥīn) were most dishonest in matters of hadith, which has been adduced as evidence of hadith forgery among some early Muslims.
| 1.960938
| 0
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78624309
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajid%20Khan%20%28artist%29
|
Wajid Khan (artist)
|
In 2016, Wajid Khan produced a series of artworks using spoons and forks to depict various life stages, including maternal themes, dance, and birds. His spoon art employs everyday utensils as mediums for artistic expression.
In 2018, Khan created a 2.5-foot by 2.5-foot installation of Vallabhbhai Patel using parts from a car and motorcycle engine, forming a portrait of Sardar Patel through shadow art techniques. This piece was installed at Bharat Bhavan, a public multi-arts museum in Bhopal. Later that year, he was commissioned to create a 170-foot statue of Swami Vivekananda from a combination of eight metals, which was reported to be the tallest statue of Swami Vivekanand in India.
On October 2, 2019, marking Mahatma Gandhi's 150th birth anniversary, Wajid Khan collaborated with the Plastic Donation Center to create a human mosaic of Gandhi at TT Nagar Stadium, Bhopal. The artwork, involving the participation of 6,000 schoolchildren, was designed to raise awareness about plastic pollution. The event was attended by officials, including Jitendra Patwari, Cabinet Minister for Higher Education, and Alok Sharma, Mayor of Bhopal.
Khan made a 12×8 feet portrait of poet Ghalib using wine glasses, bottles, and jugs, which was showcased at the Urdu literary festival Jashn-e-Rekhta in December 2019. In 2020, he created a 40-foot hydra-like kinetic art installation made of 300 steel bowls that locked and unlocked with the wind. The artwork depicts India's societal unity, where the removal of a single bowl disrupts the balance. The installation was exhibited at the Namaste Orchha Festival, organized by the Madhya Pradesh Tourism Board, in March 2020.
In May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Wajid Khan created a large-scale stone artwork honoring frontline workers, featuring a tribute to police officer Devendra Chandravanshi, who died from the virus. The piece included messages of gratitude in multiple languages.
| 2.046875
| 0
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78624309
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajid%20Khan%20%28artist%29
|
Wajid Khan (artist)
|
Exhibitions and collections
Khan's works have been displayed in various museums, art festivals, and galleries. In June 2014, an exhibition featuring Khan's artworks created with iron nails was held in Indore, followed by another exhibition in February 2014 in Mumbai. In March 2016, his artwork was exhibited at Rashtrapati Bhavan during the Festival of Innovation (FOIN), organized by the National Innovation Foundation, Ministry of Science and Technology.
His installations were showcased at the India Art Festival in January 2017, held at Thyagaraj Stadium in Delhi. Subsequently, he exhibited his artwork at Jashn-e-Rekhta in 2019 and displayed kinetic installation at the Namaste Orchha festival in March 2020.
Khan's works are included in the permanent collection of Rashtrapati Bhavan, the official residence of the President of India, and the Bharat Bhavan Museum.
Public speaking
In 2017, Wajid Khan delivered two TEDx talks: "Art Inspirations from Life" in Pune in July, and "Making Everything Out of Nothing" at Indian Institute of Management Rohtak in September. He later gave another TEDx talk at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal in August 2019. He has delivered guest lectures and talks at various academic institutions, including the Indian Institute of Management Indore, Aligarh Muslim University, and Lovely Professional University.
Honours and records
Wajid Khan was listed in the Limca Book of Records under the category 'Most nails used in a portrait' for creating a portrait of Mahatma Gandhi using 150,000 nails. In December 2017, he was named in the Guinness World Records for creating the largest nail sculpture, a 3D peace symbol made from 14,992 nails.
| 2.140625
| 0
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78624574
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTF%20J0328-1219
|
ZTF J0328-1219
|
ZTF J032833.52−121945.27 (also called ZTF J0328-1219) is a white dwarf with two transiting debris clouds around it.
ZTF J0328-1219 was first discovered as a white dwarf with Gaia and the virtual observatory in 2018. At the time it was known by its Gaia identification number. In 2021 it was discovered that this white dwarf has transiting debris around it. This was discovered with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and follow-up photometry with the McDonald Observatory. It was also shown with spectroscopy from the Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) that the white dwarf has deep calcium absorption lines.
A more detailed study was published in 2021. Photometry was obtained with the TESS, ZTF, McDonald Observatory, SAAO, HAO, and JBO. Spectroscopy was obtained with SOAR, Magellan and the archived LDT spectrum. From the photometry the researchers find two significant periods at 9.937 and 11.2 hours (A-period and B-period). The dips change on nightly, weekly and monthly timescales. The researchers detected calcium, sodium, both with circumstellar origin. The sodium line is blueshifted by 21.4 ±1.0 km/s compared to the atmospheric lines. The researchers also identified atmospheric Hydrogen-alpha absorption. Due to the low amount of hydrogen, the researchers assume a helium dominated atmosphere. The variability of ZTF J0328-1219 is similar to WD 1145+017, but with notable differences. ZTF J0328-1219 is continuously variable, suggesting dust clouds orbit the white dwarf. These dust clouds either orbit the white dwarf on their own, or they are emitted by one or more bodies.
| 2.3125
| 0
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78624645
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huaigan
|
Huaigan
|
Huaigan draws on the Yogacara triple body teaching (trikaya) to explain the nature of the Buddha Amitabha and of the pure land, arguing that just as the Buddha has three bodies, there are three corresponding pure lands (a nirmāṇa land, a saṃbhoga land and a dharmakaya land). The Dharmakāya and the Dharma-land are really the same ultimate reality, i.e. the Dharmadhatu, the ultimate truth. Regarding the saṃbhogakāya (the divine "enjoyment body" of the Buddha), Huaigan relies on the Yogacara teaching which presents two aspects of this: the personal-enjoyment body (which a Buddha personally experiences) and the enjoyment body for others (which he displays for the beings in the pure land). Drawing on the Vimalakīrti Sutra and the Cheng weishi lun, Huaigan also argues that the enjoyment land also depends on the minds of beings who are born there (as well as on the Buddha).
Regarding the nature of Amitabha Buddha's buddhafield of Sukhāvatī, Huaigan explains that it is mind-only, and “only appears different to each person according to their own mind". As such, it can appear as a saṃbhoga land and as a nirmāṇa land. Thus, for Huaigan, Amitābha is not limited to any single form or appearance, since it manifests in limitless ways accessible to sentient beings.
| 2.046875
| 0
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78624923
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saggar%C3%A2tum
|
Saggarâtum
|
Saggarâtum (sa-ga-ra-tumki) was a city in the ancient Near East which is still unlocated though it is known to have been on the Habur River, a tributary of the Euphrates. In texts from Ebla it is called "Sag-garki". One proposal is that other readings of the name were "Sapiratum" or "Sapirete" though this is generally thought to be a different cities. Another suggestion is that by the 1st millennium BC it had become "Sangarite".
Saggarâtum was a river port and known to have been the location of one of the kingdoms icehouses and a source of truffles. In a text from Yaqqim-Addu I, governor of Saggarâtum, to his king Zimri-Lim he wrote:
The religion of Saggarâtum is unclear. A deity "Aštabi-Il" was mentioned in documents found at Mari. A deity, Aštabi, was known to have been worshiped at nearby Ebla in the 3rd millennium BC. It is known the cult statutes were held in Saggarâtum. It has been proposed that the Hurrian deities Teshub and Ḫepat were worshiped there though most of the personal names at Saggarâtum were Semitic.
History
Initially, the area of Mari, including Saggarâtum, came under the control of the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia ruled by Shamshi-Adad I of Ekallatum. Shamshi-Adad I assigned control of Mari to his second son Yasmah-Adad. In one text Isme-Dagan I, first son of Shamshi-Adad I, writes to Yasmah-Adad, governor of Saggarâtum: "In truth, because of the emigrees in Saggarâtum, there was rebellious activity, so that the king ordered executions there"
| 2.3125
| 0
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78624981
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20durandi
|
Amastra durandi
|
Amastra durandi is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 20 mm, its diameter 9.2 mm
The shell is imperforate or nearly perforate, conoid-oblong, and solid. Its surface is fleshy-white beneath a partly deciduous black-brown epidermis, occasionally marked with lightning-like streaks above. The shell is somewhat glossy and lightly striate, with a bare, blackish-purple apex. The spire is conic-turrite and acute, consisting of 7 whorls. The first whorl is sharply and closely striate, nearly flat, while the subsequent whorls are convex and separated by a narrow, simple suture. The body whorl is oblong and rounded.
The aperture is suboblique, sinuate-semioval, and angular at the top. The parietal wall and columella are glossy reddish, while the remaining interior is uniformly pale rose-white. The columella bears two oblique, sharp, and equal folds near the top. The peristome is acute.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on Oahu island.
| 2.09375
| 0
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78625246
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20grayana
|
Amastra grayana
|
Amastra grayana is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 21.5 mm, its diameter 12 mm
The shell is imperforate, dextral, ovate-conic, and rather solid, with a slightly glossy surface. It is grayish-flesh colored and irregularly marked with chestnut bands that fade near the upper portion. The spire is inflated-conic with an acute, black apex. The shell contains 6½ whorls; the upper ones are flat and radially plicate, the penultimate whorl is convex, and the body whorl, which is nearly as long as the spire, is finely striate.
The aperture is subvertical and acuminate-oval. The columellar fold is median, subtransverse, and triangular. The peristome is simple and unexpanded, with the columellar margin slightly dilated and adnate.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on Oahu island.
It has been originally recorded from Oahu, evidently in error, since no Oahuan species has flat, radially plicate upper whorls.
| 1.929688
| 0
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78625281
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWANI%20Conference
|
SWANI Conference
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The Southern Wisconsin-Northern Illinois Conference, more commonly referred to as the SWANI Conference, is a former high school athletic conference with members in Wisconsin and Illinois. It was in existence from 1946 to 1952 and its member schools were affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association and the Illinois High School Association.
History
The SWANI Conference was formed in 1946 by a group of eight similarly-sized high schools: five in Wisconsin (Burlington, Delavan, Elkhorn, Lake Geneva and Whitewater) and three in Illinois (Harvard, Marengo and McHenry). The five Wisconsin high schools formerly comprised the Southern Five Conference, two high schools in Illinois (Harvard and Marengo) formerly competed in the North Six Conference, and McHenry competed independent of conference affiliation. This cross-border loop lasted for six seasons before it was dissolved in 1952. The five Wisconsin high schools competed together for a single season before joining with East Troy, Mukwonago and Wilmot (all formerly of the Southeastern Wisconsin Conference) to form the new Southern Lakes Conference, while the three Illinois high schools joined the IHSA-affiliated SHARK Conference.
Conference Membership History
Membership Timeline
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78625419
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elimelech%20Biderman
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Elimelech Biderman
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Rabbi Avraham Elimelech Biderman, also known as Reb Meilech (born 12 November 1967) is a Hasidic Jewish mashpia and lecturer with thousands of students and hundreds of followers, although he is not officially a Rebbe.
Biography
Biderman was born in Bnei Brak, Israel to Rabbi Alter Elazar Menachem Biderman the Bnei Brak Rebbe of Lelov (Bnei Brak). He was named after Rabbi Avraham Elimelech Perlow, the Rebbe of Karlin, and his grandfather's rabbi.
Biderman studied at the Ponevezh Yeshiva and then married the daughter of Rabbi Nosson Dovid Rosenbaum, the Rebbe of Zutska. He lives in Bnei Brak.
In the early 2000s, he began holding zitz at his home on Shabbat nights, with the participation of young Hasidic men, mainly from the Slabodka Yeshiva. He also began giving a lesson every Friday night to young Hasidic men, mainly from the Mir Yeshiva, at the home of his wife's grandfather, the Rebbe of Zvhil (Hasidic dynasty), Rabbi Shlomo Goldman, in the Beit Yisrael neighborhood.
In the late 2000s, he became famous, and he was invited to give sermons in synagogues and yeshivas, especially in preparation for Jewish holidays. He gave lessons at home that were broadcast abroad. Over time, a circle of students and admirers formed around him, most of them young married men. He used to visit his students in the cities of Elad, Beit Shemesh, Modi'in Illit, Beitar Illit, and Ashdod at least once a year. Once a year, he held a Shabbat Hitachdut (Shabbat of Unity) for all his students in Meron.
In his lessons and sermons, he deals extensively with matters of faith and trust in God, combining his messages with stories of the righteous and stories of modern-day divine providence. The lessons are broadcast via audio and video on the Kol Halashon system.
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78625449
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Portrait%20with%20Julie%20%28Self-Portrait%20%C3%A0%20la%20Grecque%29
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Self-Portrait with Julie (Self-Portrait à la Grecque)
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Self-Portrait with Julie (Self-Portrait à la Grecque) is an oil on wood painting by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, from 1789. It shows the artist embracing her daughter. The painting reimagines the artist's 1787 Self-Portrait with Julie (Maternal Tenderness), clothing the figures in Neoclassical attire. It is in the collection of the Louvre.
Description
Unlike her previous self-portraits where she dons fashionable yet modest attire, here Vigée Le Brun is depicted in a loosely draped, classical style garment. The white cloth, evocative of ancient Greek or Roman dress, is wrapped over one shoulder and secured with a red scarf tied under her bust, while green silk is draped across her legs and her unpowdered hair is adorned with a red ribbon. The decision to dress this way carries layered meaning. Vigée Le Brun’s attire echoes the classical aesthetic that was increasingly popular during the late 18th century, aligning her image with timeless ideals of beauty and virtue. This was not merely a demonstration of her exceptional skill in rendering fabric but a deliberate move to elevate her artistic identity. By connecting herself to classical antiquity, Vigée Le Brun claims a space in the male-dominated tradition of "high art," which was often associated with history painting and classical themes.
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78625459
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baotou
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Battle of Baotou
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After learning of the movements of the National Army's 6th Cavalry Corps, Japanese Group Commander Kojima Yoshizang dispatched most of the troops of the Cavalry Group, with Kumagawa Nagaru as commander, to form the Kumagawa Crusade late on the night of December 19, using five chariots as a vanguard to move out of the city to meet the 6th Cavalry Corps. In the early morning hours of December 20, after the Kumagawa expedition had moved away from Baotou, the 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the 93rd Regiment of the New 31st Division, led by Lt. Col. Feng Zi, the 93rd Regiment's attaché, had bypassed the bunkers and barbed wire outside Baotou on the night of the 19th and arrived at the northeastern corner of the city, which was controlled by the False Forces. An Chunshan, the commander of the 93rd Regiment, led the regiment and the 1st Battalion under the guidance of local youth Wang Youliang. An Chunshan found that there were only a few Mongolian soldiers patrolling on the city wall when he entered the northwest gate, so he immediately gave up his original plan, and instead used the easiest place to climb in the northwest corner of Baotou City, “Shuiba Cave,” to take the lead in attacking the city.
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78625770
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Sergiopolis%20%28542%29
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Siege of Sergiopolis (542)
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The Siege of Sergipolis was a siege of the Byzantine fortress of Sergiopolis by the Sasanian army under the command of Khosrow I during the Lazic War. Retreating from the city, the Sassanids headed to Euphratia for their upcoming invasion of Palestine.
Background
When the troops of Belisarius were concentrated in Mesopotamia, Khosrow decided to take advantage of their absence. He invaded the Caucasus and captured the Byzantine fortress of Petra. From here he headed towards Sergiopolis, in order to receive the tribute promised by the local patriarch.
Siege
After the siege of the fortress, Khosrow tried to take it by cunning, but a Saracen named Ambros, who served in the Persian army, warned the garrison about the impending trap. Upon learning of the failure of the first plan, the king of the Sassanians sent his entire army to storm the fortress, but the garrison withstood their charge, despite having thoughts of surrendering. Ambros again informed the Byzantines of important information: there was very little food in the Sassanian camp. The next day, the Persian troops, having failed under the walls of the city, left their camp and continued their raid into the territory of Byzantium.
Reference
Bibliography
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78625824
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul%20Rosas%20Jr.
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Raul Rosas Jr.
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Raul Gilberto Rosas Rios Jr. (born October 8, 2004) is an American-Mexican mixed martial artist who competes in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Rosas Jr. was featured on Dana White's Contender Series, winning by decision and earning himself a UFC contract thus becoming the youngest person to be signed to the UFC in their history.
Early life
Rosas Jr.'s parents initially immigrated to the United States from Iztapalapa, a district of Mexico City, Mexico. They settled in the city of Clovis, New Mexico, where Raul was born.
At just 13 years old, the family moved to Santa Rosa, California in 2017. He began wrestling in high school and participated in Pankration, an amateur sport similar to mixed martial arts. After a few years in Santa Rosa, Rosas Jr.'s parents made the decision to take their sons' wrestling career a step further. As an amateur, and at just 14 years old, he participated in the IMMAF world championships in Rome, where he was able to win gold.
Mixed martial arts career
Early career
Rosas Jr. acquired a record of 5-0 competing exclusively in Tijuana, Mexico for the Ultimate Warrior Challenge promotion winning all five fights by stoppage inside of two rounds.
Dana White's Contender Series Season
Rosas Jr. was then booked to compete on Week 9 of Season 6 of Dana White's Contender Series on September 20, 2022, against Mando Gutierrez. He would win the fight via a dominant unanimous decision and was awarded a contract by Dana White thus becoming the youngest fighter to sign a contract with the UFC at the age of 17.
Ultimate Fighting Championship
After earning his contract, Rosas Jr. made his UFC debut at UFC 282 against Jay Perrin on December 10, 2022. He won the fight via first round submission and this became the youngest person to ever win a UFC fight. This win earned him the Performance of the Night award.
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78626098
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Garmann
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Johan Garmann
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Magdalene med Hanken
Central to this tradition is the tale of Magdalene (or Margrethe) "med Hanken", a reputedly beautiful woman depicted in a portrait once owned by David Brunchorst Garmann at the Mjelde estate, south of Bergen. According to family lore, Magdalene was morganatically wed () to one of the Frederick Danish-Norwegian kings, receiving considerable estates, such as Sandviken and Damsgård, and bearing a son who became the progenitor of the Garmann lineage.
With reference to Norwegian clergyman Hans Strøm, historian has identified the woman in the portrait as , a wealthy landowner whose descendants married into the Garmann family. According to Strøm, the phrase “med hanken” originally referred to Margrethe's residence on Hankø, expressed as “i Hanken.” Over time, this evolved into “med hanken,” likely due to confusion with the distinctive handle-shaped hairpin depicted in her portrait. Art historian claims that Margrethe was a mistress of Christian IV (who was known to favour extramarital relations), and that their illegitimate child was Johan's son, Herman Garmann, rather than Johan himself. The legend is said to have gained traction due to a perceived resemblance between members of the Garmann family and the House of Oldenburg, particularly Herman Garmann's supposed likeness to Christian IV. Bendixen, however, rejects both accounts as unfounded, though he acknowledges that Herman's striking resemblance to the king may have inspired such stories.
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78626224
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20frigate%20Villa%20de%20Madrid
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Spanish frigate Villa de Madrid
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Peru and Ecuador joined the war on Chile's side in January 1866. In February 1866, Méndez Núñez sent Villa de Madrid, still under Sánchez's command, and Reina Blanca south to destroy the combined Chilean-Peruvian squadron. To save coal, the two frigates stopped at the Juan Fernández Islands to obtain supplies and information before beginning their search. The Spanish frigates found the allied squadron, composed of the Peruvian Navy frigate and corvettes América and Unión and the Chilean Navy schooner Covadonga, anchored and immobilized in an inlet on the Chilean coast in the Chiloé Archipelago at Abtao Island on 7 February 1866. In the resulting Battle of Abtao, the Spanish ships were reluctant to close with the allied squadron because of a fear of running aground in shallow water. Apurímac opened fire at 16:15, and an indecisive exchange of long-range gunfire ensued over the course of about 90 minutes in which the ships fired about 1,700 rounds and Covadonga scored several hits on Reina Blanca. The Spanish frigates displayed good marksmanship but had little success and ultimately withdrew as darkness fell to avoid wasting ammunition. During the engagement, Villa de Madrid was hit seven times in her hull and four times in her masts and rigging, suffering four men wounded and three others accidentally injured; two of her guns burst at their muzzles, although this did not result in any additional damage or casualties. Reina Blanca was hit eight times in her hull and eight in her masts and rigging, suffering two men wounded.
| 2.625
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78626254
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Every%20Woman%27s%20Marathon
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Every Woman's Marathon
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Every Woman's Marathon (EWM) is an annual marathon that takes place in Savannah, Georgia in the United States. It is significant because it was designed to be a female-centric marathon on a "for women, by women" model. The race's advisory board includes Kathrine Switzer, Desiree Linden, and Deena Kastor.
Despite its name, men and non-binary runners are welcome to and have competed in EWM.
Race course
The race starts in front of Savannah City Hall on East Bay Street. The course visits 15 Savannah neighborhoods and landmarks such as Trustees' Garden before finishing at the YMCA of Coastal Georgia on East Broad Street. The race was designed to be flat and fast and has a total elevation gain of .
The course boasts several features designed to appeal to women runners. First, the portable toilets at the start, finish, and along the race course were promised to be numerous, clean, and stocked with tampons, pads, and hair ties. Second, the course was kept open for 7 hours and 45 minutes which is longer than many other marathons. Third, there were lactation stations at the start of the race and along the course. Fourth, strollers were permitted in the race.
Race history
The city of Savannah announced the creation of the EWM in January 2024. Savannah Mayor Van R. Johnson said it was important the race "respects our city" and underscored that "Savannah is a place to live first." The race's sponsor, Team Milk, agreed to pay all operational expenses. This was important to the city because the city terminated its agreement with the Rock 'n' Roll Running Series in 2022 due to a perceived excess focus on profit and lack of respect for the city itself. EWM agreed to donate up to $200,000 to local non-profits including the Historic Savannah Foundation and offer eight event management internships for students at Savannah State University.
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78626829
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Chol-ju
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Kim Chol-ju
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Kim Chol-ju (12 June 1916 – 14 June 1935) was a Korean rebel during the Japanese occupation of Korea. He was one of the younger brothers of Kim Il-sung, the first supreme leader and founder of North Korea.
Biography
Kim was born on 12 June 1916 in the Mangyongdae neighborhood of Pyongyang, when the peninsula was still under Japanese rule. His parents were Kim Hyong-jik, a Korean independence activist, and mother, Kang Pan-sok. His two brothers were Kim Il-sung, the first supreme leader of North Korea, and Kim Yong-ju, who became Honorary Vice President of the country's Supreme People's Assembly. Kim's family originated from Jeonju, North Jeolla, South Korea. His paternal great-grandfather Kim Ŭngu settled in Mangyongdae in 1860. Kim was raised in a Christian family, specifically following the Presbyterian sect. His maternal grandfather was a Protestant minister, and his father attended a missionary school. Kim's family participated in anti-Japanese activities and fled to Manchuria in 1920, like most Korean families, to escape famine and Japanese oppression during the Japanese occupation of Korea.
Kim became an active member of the Saenal Youth Union, Korea's first revolutionary youth organization. He later joined the Young Communist League. He died in battle on 14 June 1935. He is buried in the Taesongsan Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery. The Kim Chol Ju Teaching University is named after him.
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78627189
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley%20Everest%20Gravesite
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Wesley Everest Gravesite
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In the immediate years after Everest's death, he was written about or shown artistically as a martyr. A mural featuring Everest along with several symbolic features of the IWW, known as The Resurrection of Nathaniel Wesley Everest, was created in 1997 by Wobblies at the Centralia Square Antique Mall, a former Elks Lodge, opposite the George Washington Park and its accompanying tributes to the Centralia Tragedy. Myths and legends grew about Everest's personal and military life, such as being labeled as a war hero, as a prominent member and organizer of the IWW, and the lead shooter during the November 11, 1919 riot.
Death
During the events of the Armistice Day Riot on November 11, 1919, Everest was captured after he and his fellow Wobblies retreated from the Roderick Hotel in the city's downtown district. Taking a different route than his other IWW members, he ran towards the Skookumchuck River and after a brief exchange of gunfire where Everest wounded two pursuers, killing one, he was dragged through the streets of Centralia. Reports mention he may have been severely beaten, including a puncture to his cheek and the loss of several teeth. An attempt to lynch Everest from a telephone pole was aborted and he was held at the city jail. Despite his injuries, he was reported as stating to the mob, "You fellows can't hang me. I was sent to do my duty and I did it."
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78627346
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asplenium%20obtusatum
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Asplenium obtusatum
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Asplenium obtusatum, the shore spleenwort or paranako, is a species of spleenwort found in New Zealand and other Pacific isles.
Description
Shore spleenworts grow up to high and the same across. They are evergreen plants with plump fronds and bulky rhizomes that often protrude above-ground as a woody lump. Spleenworts have elongated, rather than circular, sori; those of Asplenium obtustatum grow to long.
Distribution
Shore spleenworts are found in coastal habitats on both main islands of New Zealand (North and South), as well as Stewart Island, Campbell Island, and the Chatham, the Snares, Auckland, and the Antipodes islands. It is also reported from various southern Pacific and Atlantic islands and from parts of South America.
Taxonomy
Asplenium obtusatum is commonly known as the shore spleenwort; its Māori name is "paranako". The specific epithet, obtusatum, means "blunt".
There are two subspecies: A. o. obtusatum, more common in the South Island; and A. o. northlandicum, smaller and found near Auckland.
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78627653
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplecostomus%20altimontanus
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Neoplecostomus altimontanus
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Neoplecostomus altimontanus, or high mountain armored catfish, was discovered in 2010 and also 2023 while surveying rivers in Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is described as having a sort of armor of bony plates, and copper-colored teeth. It grows to 4 inches in length. The species have broad heads and moderately sized eyes. It also has a blotchy pattern and ranges from a creamy color to a dark grayish-brown to a yellow brown. Males and females can be told apart because males have shorter and more robust teeth while females have slender teeth, and more teeth.
Habitat
Neoplecostomus altimontanus lives in two streams (tributaries of the Rio Capivari) within the Rio Capivari drainage on the northern slope of Serra da Mantiqueira, in southeastern Brazil. The two streams are located in the Rio Capivari within the Rio Verde microbasin, affluent to Rio Sapucaí, Rio Grande sub-basin, upper Rio Paraná basin. The streams are cold and clear elevated between about 4,200 to 4,900 feet. The more fish were found in the places with higher water flow with small waterfalls.
Discoverers
It says in the last paragraph of the Miami Herald article about the fish that the team of researchers who found the species are P. L. C. Uzeda, I. Paiola, P. S. Cesar, V. K. N. Okubo, W. J. Marques-Frisoni, B. N. Andrade, and F. Langeani.
Etymology
The specific name altimontanus is a Latin phrase meaning "inhabitant of high mountains" which makes sense considering they live high up, about 4,200-4,900 feet high. It tells us this information in the 9th paragraph of the Miami Herald article of the fish.
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78627777
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo%20Pombo
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Pablo Pombo
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Pablo Pombo Quintana (13 June 1916 – 15 January 2001) was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder for Racing de Santander, Sevilla, and Cádiz in the 1930s and 1940s. He is best known for being both the youngest player and the youngest scorer in Racing's history.
Early life and family
Pablo Pombo was born in Santander, Cantabria, on 13 June 1916, at 9PM, into a vast family of 10 siblings from the marriage of Antonio Pombo Labat and Casilda Quintana Trueba. He was baptized in the parish of Santa Lucía three days later by the parish priest Don Sixto Córdova Oña.
Two of his brothers, José Felipe and Chuchi, also played football for Racing de Santander. Furthermore, Juan Pombo Ybarra, a distant relative, who gained great popularity when he made his first flight from Santander to Madrid in 1913, was president of Racing de Santander in 1920–21, and then one of his brothers, Fernando Pombo Ybarra, followed on his footsteps by presiding over Racing on two occasions (1928–30 and 1930–33). Fernando was replaced by José María Cossío Ilmo, a relative of his on his mother's side, and finally, one of Juan's sons, Rafael Pombo Alonso-Pesquera, was also Racing's president in 1940–42.
Playing career
First steps
Although he spent his childhood in Villa Piquío del Sardinero, Pombo went to study at the Colegio de La Salle in Santoña, where his first teams were CD Paloma and Santoña CF in the early 1930s, aged 15. In early 1933, the 16-year-old Pombo was signed by Racing de Santander, then in the Spanish first division, through the mediation and influence of the then president Fernando Pombo Ybarra, who was related to his maternal family.
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78628276
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait%20of%20Stamford%20Raffles
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Portrait of Stamford Raffles
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Portrait of Stamford Raffles is an 1817 portrait painting by the English artist George Francis Joseph depicting the British colonial official Sir Stamford Raffles. He had served as Governor of the Dutch East Indies during their occupation by Britain in the Napoleonic Wars and was later credited as the founder of Singapore.
Raffles sat for the painting while in England to oversee the publication of his book The History of Java. Around the same same time he sat for the sculptor Francis Leggatt Chantrey. He is shown in the court dress he wore to Carlton House to receive his knighthood from the Prince Regent the same year. Behind him are Javanese artefacts to commemorate his interest in the history and culture of Southeast Asia.
Joseph was a prominent portraitist and Associate member of the Royal Academy, probably best known for his portrait of the Prime Minister Spencer Perceval. The painting of Raffles is today in the National Portrait Gallery in London, having been acquired in 1859 in a gift from the sitter's nephew.
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78628737
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre%20of%20the%20Mamelukes
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Massacre of the Mamelukes
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Massacre of the Mamelukes (French: Le massacre des mamelouk) is an 1819 history painting by the French artist Horace Vernet.
History and description
It depicts the massacre of the Mamelukes at the Citadel of Cairo in 1811, portraying a concluding moment in the first Egyptian Khedive Muhammad Ali's rise to power. It was an early Orientalist painting by Vernet, then known primarily for his scenes of the Napoleonic era. He would later produce a number of other works of North Africa, primarily featuring the French conquest of Algeria from 1830. Having order the massacre, Muhammad Ali sits calmly smoking his narguile as he watches the violence unfold. It may have been an indirect reference to the White Terror that followed the Second Bourbon Restoration in France following the Battle of Waterloo.
It was exhibited at the Salon of 1819 in Paris. Today it is in the collection of the Musée de Picardie in Amiens. Vernet produced several other versions of the scene. A tapestry was produced based on the painting and featured at the Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace in 1851.
| 2.25
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78628852
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold%20Heyrovsk%C3%BD
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Leopold Heyrovský
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Leopold "Leo" Heyrovský (25 November 1892 – 29 June 1976) was a Czech lawyer and entomologist. He specialized in the long-horned beetles of the region. He was a brother of the Nobel Prize winning chemist Jaroslav Heyrovský.
Biography
Heyrovský was born in Prague where his father Dr Leopold Heyrovský (1852–1924) was professor of law. He had four other siblings including his older brother Jaroslav who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1959. After studying at a gymnasium in Prague, he followed his father to study law at the Charles University in Prague. His studies were interrupted by World War I and he joined military service in 1915, posted into the South Tyrol. He was demobilized at the end of the war with the rank of a cavalry captain and completed his education. He worked in the ministry of education in 1920 and then practiced law. He was deeply involved in his entomological pursuits, becoming a member of the Czech entomological society from 1908. During World War II, he collected beetles across Europe and northern Africa, adding nearly 8000 specimens. Many species have been described from his collections including Alocoderus heyrovskyi Balthasar, 1935 and Harpalus heyrovskyi Jedlička, 1928. He wrote a monograph of the Cerambycidae of Czechoslovakia in 1955. His insect collections are now held in the National Museum in Prague and partly in the Silesian Museum in Opava.
| 2.203125
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78629020
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Church%20of%20Jesus%20Christ%20of%20Latter-day%20Saints%20in%20Slovakia
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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Slovakia
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Following the church's legal recognition, Elder David A. Bednar, a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, visited Slovakia. With registration as a legally recognized religious group, the church became one of the 18 groups in Slovakia with such status. The church's registration was also discussed in later press materials addressing the difficulties other religious groups in Slovakia faced in securing legal recognition.
The translation of the Book of Mormon into Slovak was published in 2013. In 2019, the First Presidency announced the release of the complete set of non-biblical Mormon scriptures, including the Pearl of Great Price, Doctrine and Covenants, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon in Slovak. During the refugee crisis caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Slovak Latter-day Saints assisted Ukrainian refugees, helping a total of 13 people, both adults and children. The church also sent humanitarian aid, including water, food, and medicine, to refugees in Slovakia.
Organizational structure and membership
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78629093
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Hille
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Peter Hille
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Peter Hille (11 September 1854 – 7 May 1904) was a German poet and writer.
Biography
Peter Hille was born in to the family of a teacher. He studied at the gymnasiums of Höxter and Münster. While still at school, he joined the secret youth union Satrebil. Its members studied the works of Karl Marx, Charles Darwin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, August Bebel and others. In 1874, Hille was expelled from the gymnasium for poor academic performance and then served as a clerk for the prosecutor in Höxter, and later worked as a proofreader in one of the Leipzig printing houses. In 1877, Hille began collaborating with the magazine Deutsche Dichtung, in which his poems were published for the first time. For the magazine Deutsche Monatsblätter, he published articles on literary criticism. For some time Hille worked in Bremen for the socialist newspaper Bremer Tageblatt. In 1880 the writer lived in London in very modest conditions and studied the theories of socialism and anarchism there.
Having received an inheritance, Hille financed the performances of a Dutch theatre troupe, which ruined him financially. The poet lived in squalid conditions, often homeless. In 1888, he fell ill with tuberculosis. However, he did not abandon his literary activities and played an important role in the development of the naturalistic genre in Germany. With the help of Karl Henckel, the poet went to Zurich, and from there he went to southern Europe. In 1891, he lived with his friend Julius Hart. The police pursued Hille, seeing him as a dangerous socialist activist. Hille hid from surveillance throughout Germany until he arrived in Berlin in 1895. In Berlin, Hille received support from famous German naturalist writers of the Neue Gemeinschaft, with their financial help he opened a cabaret in 1902.
Hille eventually died of tuberculosis in 1904. His body was initially buried in the Berlin suburb of Mariendorf. In 1938, his remains were reburied in an honorary grave in the Catholic St. Matthias Cemetery in Berlin-Tempelhof.
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78629127
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20of%20Khorgos
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Port of Khorgos
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Port of Khorgos () is a Dry Port situated in Khorgos, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China, adjacent to the Khorgos River opposite Kazakhstan.The Jinghe–Yining–Khorgos railway, G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway, China National Highway 312, and the China-Central Asia gas pipeline terminate at this location, while National Highway 218 commences here.
The port was reopened on November 16, 1983, and in August 1992, the governments of the People's Republic of China and Kazakhstan consented to permit access to third countries. In 2002, the port recorded 146,800 passengers, 29,000 cars, and 340,000 tons of commodities imported and exported.
Khorgos International Border Cooperation Center
The Khorgos International Border Cooperation Center (KIBCC), situated in the Khorgos Port region, represents the principal initiative of collaboration between the People's Republic of China and Kazakhstan. It is the inaugural cross-border economic and trade cooperation zone established between China and other nations, encompassing a total area of 5.28 square kilometers, with 3.43 square kilometers allocated to the Chinese side and 1.85 square kilometers to the Kazakh side.
Construction commenced in 2006. The center commenced operations in April 2012. The center's functions encompass trade negotiation, commodity exhibition and sales, warehousing and shipping, hospitality services, commercial service facilities, financial services, and the organization of diverse regional international economic and trade fairs.Citizens of the People's Republic of China may enter the center using a Resident Identity Card after obtaining a People's Republic of China Entry and Exit Permit or other valid entry and exit documents. Citizens of Kazakhstan may also enter with valid Kazakhstan entry and exit documents. Citizens of third countries must possess valid entry and exit documents, with a maximum stay of 30 days.
| 2.296875
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78629180
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmont%20Cable%20Company
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Piedmont Cable Company
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The Piedmont Cable Company was a street railway company which operated in Oakland and Piedmont, California. It amalgamated several horsecar lines in the area and built two cable railway lines. It was absorbed into the Oakland Transit Company in 1897, becoming a component of the later Key System.
History
The Broadway and Piedmont Railroad was established by Walter Blair as a horsecar line in 1876. It ran on its namesake streets to Mountain View Cemetery. A branch of the line which split at Pleasant Valley Avenue and ran through Blair's milk ranch to Vernal Avenue.
Simultaneous to the horsecar line to the cemeteries, an additional company, the Fourteenth Street Railroad, was established to build a line on that street. This was put into operation on February 26, 1877. It began at the 7th and Broadway terminal, running up to 14th Street and turning west to the then-city limits. The car barn was located at the corner of 14th and Peralta. The following year, the company sought to expand further west over 16th street to reach the newly built 16th Street depot. The company began converting to cable-haulage at the end of 1889, though, with only one block of new track laid over one week of work, the move may have been an attempt to block a competing company from accessing the street. The line would go on to be converted to electric traction.
| 1.921875
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78629424
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange%20County%20Rescue%20Mission
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Orange County Rescue Mission
|
The Orange County Rescue Mission (OCRM) is a faith-based, 501(c)(3) nonprofit focused on reducing homelessness. Headquartered in Tustin, California, OCRM operates multiple programs on nine campuses throughout Orange County to help people move from homelessness to self-sufficiency. OCRM supports homeless men, women, and families with housing, food, clothing, counseling, job training, medical care, dental care, psychological care, and spiritual support. Many OCRM programs are tailored for veterans, families, youth, victims of domestic violence, and victims of sex trafficking. OCRM residents are referred to as "students" as they progress through a structured, milestone-based curriculum. All programs and services are free to OCRM students.
During its 60-years of existence, OCRM has assisted thousands of students with 85% remaining self-sufficient (stably housed, employed, and sober) after completing the roughly two-year program.
History
Lewis Whitehead, a career Marine Corps Technical Sergeant and an ordained Baptist minister, founded OCRM in 1963. Whitehead became interested in homelessness as he encountered individuals living below highway overpasses in Santa Ana, California. He regularly delivered food, blankets, and spiritual support to the homeless throughout the city. In 1963, he opened OCRM's first shelter in the city of Santa Ana. From 1963 through his death in 1990 at the age of 63, Whitehead worked to keep the needs of the homeless in the public eye.
| 2.078125
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78629460
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20electoral%20list
|
National electoral list
|
The national electoral list (commonly referred to as the national list) was a national list comprising 35 candidates for the Sejm of the Polish People's Republic's 10th term during the first round of 1989 Polish parliamentary election. It included representatives from the highest state and party authorities associated with the Polish United Workers' Party and its satellite groups, as well as social organizations controlled by the party.
In the voting held on 4 June 1989, only two candidates from the list secured parliamentary mandates. The defeat of the remaining candidates – among them Prime Minister Mieczysław Rakowski, members of the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party, and key figures like Ministers Czesław Kiszczak and Florian Siwicki, as well as leaders of the Alliance of Democrats and the United People's Party – resulted in most ruling bloc leaders being excluded from parliament. This outcome was widely regarded as a significant and symbolic defeat for the ruling regime.
Creation of the national electoral list
The Polish Round Table Agreement between the ruling communists and the Solidarity opposition provided for partially free elections to the Sejm of the Polish People's Republic. 65% of the seats were reserved for the signatories of the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth (representatives of the Polish United Workers' Party, the United People's Party, the Alliance of Democrats, the PAX Association, the , and the ). The remaining 35% of seats were open to independent candidates.
10% of the 460 seats were to be allocated from the national list, designed primarily to ensure seamless election of party leaders to the Sejm. Solidarity leaders were offered 11 slots on this list, but the opposition declined, perceiving it as a deceptive attempt by the Polish United Workers' Party to blur the distinctions between the government and Solidarity factions.
| 2.078125
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78629504
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus%20Write-Top
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Linus Write-Top
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Sklarew, Nadeau, and others spent several years developing the Write-Top, with the final execution rendered by the industrial designer Peter H. Muller of Inter4m. Originally devised as a single-piece device, the final Write-Top was ultimately built out of two pieces, the system unit and the pen-enabled display; however, the two can be latched together to approximate a self-contained tablet.
Specifications
The Write-Top measures and weighs roughly (when equipped with several options). The Write-Top runs the Intel 8088–compatible NEC V20 microprocessor, clocked at 7.16 MHz, and contains 640 KB of static RAM, upgradable to 2 MB with an optional, proprietary SRAM card. Besides containing the motherboard, the system unit includes a serial port, a parallel port, an PC keyboard port, a removable 3.5-inch floppy disk drive, a port for an optional external 5.25-inch floppy disk drive, and a slot for an optional 1200-baud modem. The pen-capable screen unit houses a monochrome transflective STN LCD, measuring 8 inches by 5 inches and capable of displaying CGA graphics at a resolution of 640 by 200 pixels. Aside from using natural light to evenly illuminate the display, the LCD also features a backlight. The Write-Top comes shipped with the MS-DOS 3.30 operating system on floppy.
| 2.15625
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78629775
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sano%20Ichir%C5%8D%20%28character%29
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Sano Ichirō (character)
|
is the protagonist of a series of historical detective novels by Laura Joh Rowland, taking place in late 17th century feudal Japan, and set mostly in the capital of Edo (now Tokyo). The series blends Rowland's fictional characters with several prominent historical figures of the period.
Background
Using as her inspiration P.D. James and Elizabeth George, Rowland set out to write a mystery novel. She had been a big fan of samurai films during her university days, and decided to set her first novel in feudal Japan because "I needed to carve out a territory for myself, and feudal Japan was wide open. It was a marriage of interest and opportunity." Rowland wrote two novels, which were rejected for publication. After finishing her third novel, she sent the manuscript to two publishers and presented a copy to a Random House editor whom she had met at a writer's conference. When all three publishers expressed interest, there was a bidding war that Random House won for $100,000. Shinjū was subsequently published by Random House in 1994. Her feudal Japan series, which eventually reached 16 titles, deals with the experiences of Sano Ichirō, a samurai and minor official who, by the end of the first novel, becomes the trusted chief investigator for the fifth Tokugawa shōgun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, and by the tenth novel, is promoted to a very high office.
Rowland takes some literary license with known figures, creating fictionalized versions of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Emperor Higashiyama in The Samurai's Wife, and Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu. Objective historical details, however, are credibly accurate, although New York Times critic F.G. Notehelfer pointed out several historical anachronisms in the first book of the series, Shinjū.
| 2.125
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78630305
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirsoleimani%20family
|
Amirsoleimani family
|
The House of Amirsoleimani (Persian: امیرسلیمانی), also known as the Amirsoleimani-Qajar (Persian: امیرسلیمانی قاجار), is a distinguished Iranian princely family with roots in the Qajar dynasty, the ruling house that reigned Iran from 1785 to 1925. The family descends from Mussa Khan Qajar Qovanlou, and the family name stems from Amir Soleiman Khan Qajar Qovanlou, a prominent Qajar noble, whose descendants played significant roles within the royal court and administration during the Qajar period. Members of the Amirsoleimani family held various high-ranking positions, including key roles in the administration and court of Nasser al-Din Shah, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah, Mohammad Ali Shah, and Ahmad Shah.
History
The Amirsoleimani family, a distinguished branch of the Qajar aristocracy, holds a prominent place among Iran’s nobility. Originating from Amir Soleiman Khan Qovanlou, the family ascended to high ranks within the Qajar dynasty (1785–1925), with members often occupying influential roles in the royal court and government. As with other Qajar princely families, their standing was defined by factors such as lineage, marital ties, and proximity to the royal household. Members like Prince Mehdi Qoli Khan Amirsoleimani, known as Majd ed-Dowleh, served as key political figures and advisors, helping to shape Persian policy and culture during a transformative period in Iranian history.
| 2.375
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78631065
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Csetneki
|
George Csetneki
|
Under Sigismund
For his involvement in the aforementioned conflict, King Sigismund donated the estate Papouch in Križevci County to George in July 1387. By that time, George was appointed Master of the stewards; he is mentioned in this capacity from July 1387 to July 1396. A single source from June 1388 also refers to Michael as an office-holder of this royal courtly position. For their former services to Louis I and Mary, George and Michael were granted the royal castle of Szanda with its accessories – portions in Surány, Szanda and Bolhádalja, along with a custom in the village Guta – in Nógrád County by Sigismund in November 1387. However, the king donated the fort to John Pásztói three years later, around 1390.
As a member of the royal court, George frequently escorted Sigismund to his military campaigns to the southern border. He fought in the Hungarian–Ottoman War (1389–1396), he was present during the skirmishes against the Ottoman incursions in Temesvár (present-day Timișoara, Romania) in August 1392. It is plausible that George took part in the disastrous Battle of Nicopolis in September 1396, where his second cousin Michael was killed.
| 2.140625
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78631065
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Csetneki
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George Csetneki
|
Descendants
George Csetneki married a certain Catherine from an unidentified noble family. They had two children, Sigismund (II) and Catherine. The young Sigismund, who was named after the monarch and was the godson of him, belonged to the opposition group which organized a plot against the namesake king in 1401. Slovak historian Monika Tihányiová argued that George left him out of his will – excluding the village Csákány – because of this, but since he was his only son, he did not definitively exclude him from the inheritance. He was also involved in the conspiracy against King Sigismund in 1403, as a result his estate in Szentfalva (a former village in the territory of present-day Budapest) was confiscated. Sigismund married Dorothea Dunajeci. After 1403, Sigismund swore loyalty to the king and belonged to the young noble courtiers, as he was styled in this form from 1406 to 1402. He received a silver amphora from the widow of Leustach Jolsvai to pay George's previous loan in 1406. The king donated the castle of Hrussó in exchange for Saskő to Sigismund in 1409. In the subsequent years, he and his castellan Andrew Szepesi were frequently involved in conflicts with their neighbors, including the Garamszentbenedek Abbey. Sigismund (II) died without descendants sometime between 1418 and 1420.
George's daughter, Catherine married Ladislaus Ostfi de Asszonyfalva from the gens Osl. She sold a portion in Kovarc (today Kovarce, Slovakia) for 2,500 florin to the Bebek family in 1424. She compiled her last will and testament in the manor of Csetnek in 1433. As a childless lady, she bequeathed her jewelry, clothes and other stuff to the brothers of her late husband, the Csetneki family, the local parish church and her servants.
| 2.546875
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78631164
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea-Horse%20%28folktale%29
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Sea-Horse (folktale)
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Sea-Horse (German: Seepferd) is a folktale from Syria, published by author Uwe Kuhr in his book Syrische Märchen ("Syrian Tales"). It deals with the marriage between a human maiden and a bridegroom of supernatural origin who hides under an equine disguise; she betrays his trust, and has to search for him.
It belongs to the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband, wherein a human princess marries a supernatural husband, loses him, and goes on a quest to find him. It mostly follows subtype ATU 425D, "The Vanished Husband", which segues into tale type ATU 425B, "The Son of the Witch", thus distantly related to the Graeco-Roman myth of Cupid and Psyche, in that the heroine is forced to perform difficult tasks for a witch or her mother-in-law.
Summary
A king has three daughters and is gifted a wonderful horse "from the sea". The horse falls in love with the youngest, princess Lapislazuli, and one day, takes off the horseskin and becomes a youth. He reveals he is the king of ghouls. The king marries his daughter Lapislazuli to the horse. The horse takes off the horseskin and takes part in a racing contest in human shape, but his wife cannot tell the secret. He wins, but she betrays his secret in a moment of pride and he vanishes. Later, she builds a public bath house.
One day, a poor woman and her daughter wake up in a moonlit night and reach a meadow, where a man's voice orders tables and chairs to be set, laments over a lost love named Lapislazuli and has a meal with some companions. The woman and her daughter go to the public bath house and tell the princess the story, who asks to be taken to the meadow. Lapislazuli recognizes her husband and sees him, but Seepferde explains that he is to be married to his cousin, that his family and friends are ghouls that may devour her, but she can earn the mother's favour by suckling her breasts.
| 2.28125
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78631386
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Melitene%20%28576%29
|
Battle of Melitene (576)
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Battle of Melitene
Using the conflict in the command of the Byzantine army, Khosrow burned Melitene and was about to cross the Euphrates with his army, but the newly united Byzantine leadership decided to resort to another trick. They challenged the Sassanian king directly:
Lined up near Melitene, both armies simply watched each other, despite the provocations from the Roman side. At night, when both sides withdrew to their camps, the Persians attempted to cross the Euphrates. However, the Romans had anticipated this move and, as the Sasanians began to retreat, they launched an attack, triggering a massacre in which many Persians were killed. The Sasanian king managed to escape with only half of his army. Khosrow was also wounded during the massacre.
Aftermath
After this battle, Khosrow issued a decree forbidding the Sassanian kings from personally commanding an army, unless it was a battle against another king. The Romans took advantage of their victory and invaded Persia, but one of the Roman armies was defeated, and Justinian died in this disaster.
| 2.875
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75630091
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20McComish
|
Roy McComish
|
John MacLachlan Roy McComish (28 February 1922 – 15 June 1995) was a Scottish educator, headmaster, artist and British Army officer who founded the independent boarding school Box Hill and served as its first headmaster. Prior to founding Box Hill, McComish was a housemaster and art master at Gordonstoun, an independent school in Scotland, and he included some of that school's educational ideas in the formation of his own school. As headmaster of Box Hill, McComish was one of the founding headmasters and leading organisers (along with Jocelin Winthrop Young) of the Round Square, an international network of schools, based on the educational concepts of Kurt Hahn founder and headmaster of Gordonstoun. Utilising his skills as an artist McComish designed the associations logo.
Time at Gordonstoun
After service as an officer with the Seaforth Highlanders during the Second World War and completing his time at university, McComish was appointed as Art Master and Housemaster at Gordonstoun in 1949 by innovative German educator Kurt Hahn who was then the school's headmaster. McComish also acted as master in charge of the school's cadet force. It was at Gordonstoun that McComish first became acquainted with Jocelin Winthrop Young (son of Geoffrey Winthrop Young) and the two men began a long lasting friendship and working relationship, Winthrop Young had returned to visit Gordonstoun and his mentor Kurt Hahn having previously been a pupil at Gordonstoun.
| 2.015625
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75630210
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma%20phenotyping%20and%20endotyping
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Asthma phenotyping and endotyping
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Asthma phenotyping and endotyping is a novel approach to asthma classification inspired by precision medicine. It seeks to separate the clinical presentations or clusters of signs and symptoms of asthma, known as asthma phenotypes, from their underlying etiologies or causes, known as asthma endotypes.
Asthma endotyping is useful in predicting which patients will benefit from inhaled corticosteroids or targeted therapy using specific biologics, while phenotyping can help predict disease outcomes. Numerous asthma phenotypes and endotypes have been proposed, though not all have been validated or widely accepted.
Asthma endotypes
Asthma is now recognised as a heterogenous condition by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), and as an umbrella term encompassing multiple different diseases by many scientists. This is because multiple different pathological processes amenable to different therapies and with different long-term prognoses and complications are at play in asthma.
Asthma phenotypes
Asthma phenotypes are not fixed; a person's inflammatory phenotype may change over the course of a single day. Thus, basing asthma treatment plans on a single sputum eosinophil measurement may be misleading. It is not known to what extent asthma phenotypes can change in the long term.
GINA presently recognises 5 asthma phenotypes: allergic asthma, non-allergic asthma, adult-onset asthma, asthma with persistent airflow limitation, and asthma with obesity.
Type 2 inflammation-based endotyping
GINA currently recognises 2 asthma endotypes based on the degree of type 2 inflammation in the airways: type 2-high (T2-high) and type 2-low (T2-low) asthma.
Type 2-high asthma
GINA defines T2-high asthma as the presence of one or more of the following signs in a patient taking high-dose inhaled corticosteroids:
blood eosinophils ≥ 150 per μL
fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) ≥ 20 ppb
sputum eosinophils ≥ 2%
allergen-driven asthma
| 2.078125
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75630744
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaya%20Berestavitsa%20massacre
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Malaya Berestavitsa massacre
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Epilogue
Dozens, if not hundreds, of such incidents took place around that time in Eastern Poland as the Soviet army advanced westward; the largest related incident was the Skidel revolt of 18–19 September 1939.
After the consolidation of Soviet power in the occupied Eastern Borderlands, several of the perpetrators of the crimes were accepted into the ranks of the militia. Ajzik Zusko, on the other hand, was appointed chairman of the local cooperative by the Soviet authorities. He was killed by the Germans in June 1941, shortly after the outbreak of the German-Soviet war.
A series of articles on the massacre in Malaya Berestavitsa appeared in the Polish Catholic-national newspaper Nasz Dziennik in September 2001, a few months after the debate on the Jedwabne pogrom began. The right-wing-affiliated columnist Mark Paul tried to equate the two crimes, pointing to the neighbourhood character of the murder in Malaya Berestavitsa and using the term "the first Jedwabne in occupied Poland" in relation to it.
IPN investigation
Influenced by publications that appeared in 2001 in the pages of Nasz Dziennik, the investigation into the crime in Malaya Berestavitsa was initiated by the Institute of National Remembrance. It was discontinued in 2005 due to the exhaustion of evidentiary possibilities. In an interview with Nasz Dziennik, prosecutor Dariusz Olszewski of the IPN branch in Białystok stated:
In the course of several years of investigation, the IPN found sixteen people who were residents of the village at the time. However, upon questioning them, it was established that none of them had participated in the events under investigation, and that these witnesses based their knowledge only on third party accounts.
| 2.125
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75630810
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbe%20%28instrument%29
|
Limbe (instrument)
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During excavations in Afrasiyab near Samarkand, fragments of preserved terracotta figures of women playing music from the middle of the 1st millennium came to light. The Sogdian musicians, standing upright, grasp a long, thin wind instrument with both hands, which they hold vertically downwards and which is apparently intended to represent a rim-blown longitudinal flute. Other figures from Afrasiyab played flutes. It is particularly from such representations that we can gain insight into the form and use of the transverse flutes, as only a few original musical instruments have survived. On several terracotta depictions from Afrasiyab, what can be seen is a blowing tube attached to the side at a right angle on the transverse flutes, as was also typical of the Greco-Roman plagiaulos. Original examples of this type of flute were also unearthed. According to this, transverse flutes were widespread in Samarkand in the 1st millennium and were played by women and men.
A gilded silver bowl from Bactria dated to the 7th century shows mythological figures from Greek-Buddhist culture in relief, including a bearded Heracles. However, the monkeys playing music on the edge of the bowl are not part of ancient Greek art. One monkey beats a double-headed hourglass drum, the other blows a transverse flute that he holds with both hands. The number of finger holes is not visible; the playing tube appears somewhat shorter and thicker than on today's flutes. The oldest musical monkeys were excavated by the Sumerians (mid-3rd millennium BC), and here they suggest contact with Indian art.
| 3.15625
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75630810
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbe%20%28instrument%29
|
Limbe (instrument)
|
Sogdia was influenced by Buddhism until the 8th century. Further north, in East Turkestan, numerous musical monkeys and, above all, important wall paintings have also been preserved from the Buddhist art of Central Asia. Murals depicting Buddhist paradises usually feature festively dressed musicians accompanying dancers in their midst. The musicians in one of the oldest Buddhist representations of paradise, a wall painting in cave 220 of the Mogao Caves near Dunhuang from the Tang dynasty, play different lutes, angle harp (tschang), board zither (cf. current), cone oboe (suona), pan flute, transverse flute, snail trumpet, mouth organ, chime (bianqing) and drums.
The limbe is preferred by ethnic groups in the east of Mongolia, which include the Khalkha Mongols, who also live in the center of the country. The old Mongolian name bischgüür for longitudinal and transverse flutes today refers to the Mongolian cone oboe, which is related to the suona. Bischgüür, in Classical Mongolian biskigür or bisigür, is possibly derived from Persian bīscha or pīscha for a shepherd's flute made of plant cane. In addition to the Chinese dizi, transverse flutes corresponding to the limbe are the bamboo flute limba of the Buryats in Eastern Siberia, the lingbu in Tibetan music and the zur-lim in Bhutan. Lingbu, also known as gling-bu in Tibetan, refers to all Tibetan flute types and in the narrower sense a core gap flute. In particular, the Tibetan transverse flute with six or seven finger holes is called phred-gling or ti-gling and is only used in light music. Other flutes called lingbu are used in the Tibetan ritual dance ling dro (also gling-bro), performed by laypeople, together with the secular cone oboe sona (practically identical in construction to the sacred gyaling).
| 2.703125
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75630840
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayas-Mindanao%20Force
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Visayas-Mindanao Force
|
Visayas-Mindanao Force (Filipino: Hukbong Lakas ng Visayas at Mindanao; Cebuano: Puwersa sa Visayas ug Mindanao) was a military formation created in November 1941 to command all soldiers of the US Army, US Philippine Scouts, Philippine Army, and Philippine Constabulary in the southern islands (Visayas and Mindanao) of the Philippines. Colonel William F. Sharp was appointed as commanding general and was promoted to Brigadier General in November 1941 and later Major General. His executive officer was Major Howard Edmands. He was just starting to organize his command and train his soldiers into a fighting unit when the war started on December 7, 1941.
General Sharp was ordered to organize the coastal defenses, construct more airfields, recruit, and trained soldiers. He took Colonel John W. Thompson as Chief of Staff and Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Mixson as deputy chief of staff to help him organize the command. Along with Lieutenant Colonel Howard R. Perry as G1, Lieutenant Colonel Charles I. Humber as G2, Lieutenant Colonel W.L. Robinson as G3, and Lieutenant Colonel Robert D. Johnston as G4.
| 2.328125
| 0
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75630891
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Foster%20%28cricketer%29
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Arthur Foster (cricketer)
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Arthur Leslie Foster (1 November 1881 – 16 August 1956) was an English first-class cricketer, medical doctor, and an officer in the British Army.
The son of the merchant Norman R. Foster, he was born at Balham in November 1881. He was educated at Westminster School, before matriculating to study medicine at Guy's Hospital in Southwark. From there, he gained a commission into the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) as a probationary lieutenant in February 1908. After being confirmed in the rank in August of that year. he was promoted to captain in August 1911. Following the end of the First World War, he was made an acting major in August 1919, prior to gaining the permanent rank in February 1920.
While stationed in British India, Foster played first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team on three occasions in the Lahore Tournament's of 1924–25 and 1925–26, playing twice against the Muslims and once against the Sikhs. In these, he scored 106 runs at an average of 21.20, with a highest score of 44. In the RAMC, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in November 1932, with a further promotion to colonel following in October 1936. He retired from active service in November 1938 with the rank of colonel. Foster was recalled to service in the Second World War, during which he was mentioned in dispatches in December 1940. His war service lasted until November 1941, when he exceeded the age for recall. Foster died in August 1956 at East Stour, Dorset; he had married Edith Kate Summerhayes in November 1908.
| 2.078125
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75630940
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada%20Cole
|
Ada Cole
|
Ada Merrett Frances Cole (1 January 1860 – 17 October 1930) was a nurse, animal welfare activist and founder of the International League Against the Export of Horses for Butchery, later renamed the International League for the Protection of Horses, now known as World Horse Welfare. She was largely responsible for making the transport of horses for slaughter more humane and for improving horse abattoirs. She was decorated for her actions while nursing in Belgium in World War One.
Early life
Ada Cole was born on Croxton Hall Farm near Thetford on the Norfolk/Suffolk border. She was a daughter of Louisa Henrietta (née Clarke) and Edward Cole, an eloped couple, and was one of ten children, of whom only five survived infancy. She was educated at home by her mother and a relative, Mrs. Merrett, who acted as governess. The family were tenant-farmers of some eleven hundred acres and used Shire horses and oxen to work the land. The children thus grew up surrounded by horses and cattle, and had dogs and a donkey. Louisa Cole died unexpectedly in 1883, aged fifty-two. It was discovered that Edward Cole had been living a double life with Emily Clarke, whom he married in 1888, having already had two children with her. Ada and her younger sister Effie left home for London soon after their mother's death.
Before the First World War
| 2.625
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75630953
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig%20Wise%20%28basketball%29
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Craig Wise (basketball)
|
Craig Wise (born 1974) is an American former basketball player. He played college basketball for the Canisius Golden Griffins and was the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) Player of the Year in 1995.
College career
Wise was raised in a crime-ridden neighborhood in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and played basketball at Central High School. He played his freshman season with the Canisius Golden Griffins as a 17-year-old. Alexander was selected as the MAAC Rookie of the Year, but was dispirited as he felt that many of his teammates lacked his commitment to winning. Wise contemplated leaving the team but decided to stay when John Beilein was appointed as head coach and established a new attitude amongst the players. Wise earned first-team All-MAAC honors during the 1993–94 season and helped lead the Griffins to their only MAAC regular season title. He averaged 16.4 points, 7.3 rebounds and 3.6 assists during his senior season in 1994–95 and was selected as the MAAC Player of the Year.
Wise ranks in the top-10 in 12 different career statistical categories amongst Golden Griffins players including third in scoring (1,799 points), fifth in rebounds (784), eighth in assists (353) and second in steals (218). He is the only player in school history with more than 1,500 points, 700 rebounds and 350 assists. Wise was inducted into the Canisius Sports Hall of Fame in 2005 and was included on the MAAC Honor Roll in 2017.
Post-playing career
Wise graduated in 1995 as a 20-year-old with a degree in physical education and held aspirations of teaching and coaching. He was working as a transit cop in Philadelphia as of 2004.
| 1.992188
| 0
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75630991
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placida%20Garcia%20Smith
|
Placida Garcia Smith
|
García Smith helped immigrants, especially women, find jobs and provided childcare for young children. She also helped immigrants obtain citizenship and taught classes herself. Smith spoke with local businesses and governmental agencies and urged them to hire Spanish-speaking employees. Both the public and private sectors began hiring more Spanish-speaking employees.
As the Friendly House director, García Smith also worked with Father Emmet McLoughlin to establish a free clinic for minority women of south Phoenix. They found volunteer staff to provide prenatal and maternity care.
García Smith also helped promote Mexican American culture in Phoenix. In 1932, García Smith organized the first Spanish-American Boy Scout Troop. In 1934, García Smith founded the Mexican Dance Project and helped establish the Mexican Orchestra under the Works Progress Administration.
García Smith also worked to improve Phoenix's infrastructure. In the 1930s, García Smith helped create the Southside Improvement Organization, which worked to secure parks and pools from the government. In 1934, she participated in the Slum clearance project. In 1956, she was named to the Phoenix Parks and Recreation Board.
| 2.625
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75631466
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovely%20Leitrim
|
Lovely Leitrim
|
"Lovely Leitrim" is a 1966 country song written by Philip Fitzpatrick and performed by Irish showband singer Larry Cunningham and his band, The Mighty Avons. The song is a ballad in waltz time.
Lyrics
The song is written from the point of the view of a member of the Irish diaspora dreaming that he has returned to County Leitrim, Ireland. Sites in the county mentioned include Lough Allen, the River Shannon, Carrick-on-Shannon, Sheemore and Fenagh.
Song history
"Lovely Leitrim" was written by Irish emigrant NYPD patrolman Philip Fitzpatrick (1892–1947), a native of Aughavas, County Leitrim. The singer Larry Cunningham was actually from nearby County Longford, not from Leitrim; his mother taught him the song.
"Lovely Leitrim" was released by Cunningham in September 1965, and was number one on the Irish Singles Chart for two weeks in January 1966. On its success, Cunningham commented that, "Up to then they would throw pennies at you if you were a showband playing a ballad. But 'Lovely Leitrim' changed all that."
The song has also been recorded by Nathan Carter and Bonnie Stewart.
"Lovely Leitrim" is considered the county song of County Leitrim.
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75631697
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurislom%20To%CA%BBxliyev
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Nurislom Toʻxliyev
|
Nurislom Toʻxliyev (born May 6, 1947) is an Uzbek academic who received many awards and honorary titles including Honored Culture Worker of Uzbekistan (1997) and People's Education Laureate of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2001).
Biography
Nurislom Toʻxliyev was born on May 6, 1947, in Jarkurgan district of Surkhandarya region. He developed a passion for books from his childhood. In 1965, he graduated from a model secondary school and was admitted to the Faculty of History of Samarkand State University. During his student years, his diligence and curiosity motivated him to work hard and devote himself to his profession.
N. Toʻxliyev worked tirelessly to advance his scientific field and received education from various prestigious scientific institutions. His research and investigations were the main factor in reaching his current level. His work for the development of the country and its economic and social progress is of great importance. In particular, his encyclopedic collections in scientific, political-economic, political-social, and literary fields are commendable.
Education
In 1965, he graduated from a secondary school and enrolled in the Faculty of History of Samarkand State University to pursue higher education. From 1970 to 1973, he continued his studies at the daytime postgraduate course of the Department of Political Economy of the Faculty of Economics of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) State University. As a researcher, he defended his candidate dissertation in the specialty of “political economy” in 1973.
Career
He started his professional career in 1969 as a teacher of the subject of “political economy” (now “theory of economics”) at Samarkand State Pedagogical Institute. After defending his candidate dissertation, he returned to Samarkand State Pedagogical Institute and continued his teaching career. Along with that, he also held the following positions:
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75631994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar%20Surface%20Gravimeter
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Lunar Surface Gravimeter
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The Lunar Surface Gravimeter (LSG) was a lunar science experiment that was deployed on the surface of the Moon by the astronauts of Apollo 17 on December 12, 1972. The LSG was conceived by its principal investigator Joseph Weber. Weber proposed a number of experimental methods for the detection of gravitational waves, and would go on to be described as the "founding father" of gravitational wave detection. The experiment aimed to measure changes in the local gravitational strength on the Moon's surface through the use of a gravimeter. These measurements were intended to provide insight into the internal structures of the Moon as it tidally deformed due interaction with the gravitational fields of the Earth and Sun. In addition the experiment hoped to contribute experimental evidence of the existence of gravitational waves.
The instrument as a whole was built by Bendix Corporation, who were also responsible for providing operational support for all packages of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) flying as part of the Apollo Program. The instrument's primary sensor was built by LaCoste Romberg, a notable producer of gravimeters. The sensor was based on a modified LaCoste and Romberg D-meter and consisted of an adjustable mass on a sprung lever attached to the instrument's measurement electronics. It was capable of measuring gravity to 1 part in 105.
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75632025
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six%20Poems%20by%20Marina%20Tsvetayeva
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Six Poems by Marina Tsvetayeva
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The Six Poems by Marina Tsvetayeva: Suite for Contralto and Piano (), Op. 143 is a song cycle by Dmitri Shostakovich. It was composed in 1973 and originally scored for contralto and piano. In 1974, the composer made an arrangement for contralto and chamber orchestra which he designated as Op. 143a.
Shostakovich first encountered the poetry of Marina Tsvetayeva in 1970 through a setting of her verses by his student, Boris Tishchenko. Eventually, this resulted in the Six Poems by Marina Tsvetayeva, which was composed in Pärnu, Estonian SSR, between July 31 and August 7, 1973. He conceived the work for the voice of Irina Bogacheva, but initially had difficulty in finding her, which caused him to consider engaging either Elena Obraztsova or Tamara Sinyavskaya as alternatives for the world premiere. He finally managed to secure Bogacheva in September. She and her longtime accompanist, Sofiya Vakman, performed the world premiere at the Large Hall of the Leningrad Philharmonia in Leningrad on October 30, 1973. Bogacheva also sang the premiere of the orchestral version of the work on June 15, 1974, with the Moscow Chamber Orchestra conducted by Rudolf Barshai.
Although the early reception of the Six Poems by Marina Tsvetayeva was marred by controversy ensuing from Shostakovich being a signatory to a denunciation of Andrei Sakharov published in late August 1973, the work was generally received positively. It gained the appreciation of Tsvetayeva's sister, Anastasia, who established a correspondence with the composer in 1975.
Background
Origins
In the late 1960s, Dmitri Shostakovich developed an interest in setting Anna Akhmatova's Requiem to music. However, when his student Boris Tishchenko made his own setting of those verses, Shostakovich declined to further pursue his as he believed that doing so would be seen as an encroachment into his student's work.
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75632067
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia%20Vakman
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Sofia Vakman
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Sofia Borisovna Vakman (née Bentsionovna; July 12, 1911 – August 12, 2000) was a Soviet and Russian pianist and teacher.
Biography
Early life
Vakman was born in Uman, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire, on July 12, 1911. She began music studies in 1914. In 1921, she transferred to the children's department of the Kiev Conservatory. There she enrolled in the piano classes of , with whom she studied until 1927. Vakman continued her middle and high school education alongside her musical studies.
A visit to Leningrad, where her older sister lived, led to Vakman becoming enamored with the city; a short time later, she moved there with the rest of her family. She aspired to enroll in the Leningrad Conservatory, which she did in 1928. Unable to obtain a position in the piano class of Leonid Nikolayev, her first choice, she instead became a pupil of . After graduation in 1932, she continued post-graduate studies with him until 1935. She also began to work as a chamber music partner and accompanist, in the course of which she played with Miron Polyakin and Daniil Shafran.
Maturity
Illness prevented Vakman from pursuing a career as a soloist. After swimming at a lake in 1934, she contracted a skin disorder which endured for several years, and caused her fingers to feel pain upon touch. As a result, she decided to focus on chamber music and accompaniment.
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75632145
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia%20Chomyn
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Nadia Chomyn
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Her parents, Mychajlo and Aneila Chomyn were both Ukrainian refugees with degrees in science; Mychajlo in electrical engineering, Aneila in chemistry. Having fled the USSR after the war, they began working abroad. Aneila was a laboratory technician, and returned to work when her daughter was a year old. The parents usually spoke their mother tongue, Ukrainian, at home. Aneila soon noticed that Nadia was not developing like a typical baby, with great passivity and little muscle tone. She uttered a few words at the age of nine months, but then stopped speaking. She stood upright at one year, but only learned to walk at two, and fell ill with severe measles that same year. Since Aneila returned to work, Nadia was regularly looked after by her paternal grandmother, described as "deeply introverted", and who spoke little if at all. Psychiatrist Lorna Selfe noted that Nadia received very little speech stimulation in infancy, but that her brother and sister developed neurotypically, becoming bilingual.
Nadia's paternal grandmother took care of her while Aneila was hospitalized for three months with breast cancer, when she was three years old. She began drawing around the age of three and a half, after her mother returned home for a period of convalescence. Aneila was very impressed by these achievements. When she was four and a half, a doctor advised her parents to place her in a special school for "slow trainee's". They noticed that their attempts at schooling were accompanied by progress in their daughter. She took an interest in puzzles and drawing boards, and became independent enough to go to the toilet and feed herself with a spoon. Using only a dozen words, she sometimes sat alone in a room for long periods, sometimes throwing tantrums, and was very slow in her movements. She refused to play with the other children's energetic games, but her drawing skills were impressive.
Diagnosis and follow-up at the University of Nottingham
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75632145
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia%20Chomyn
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Nadia Chomyn
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She became known for her highly realistic drawings, produced between the ages of 3 and 9, including in books, on the walls of her home, on cereal packets and on any piece of paper. Throughout her clinical evaluation, her parents brought along drawings she had made at Nottingham University, which were distinguished by an exceptional degree of mastery for a child of her age. During her early days at the CDRU, she also drew pelicans and shoes. Her case represented an enigma for psychiatrists, insofar as her mastery of drawing far surpassed the achievements of typically-developed children, and none of the research publications at the time, based essentially on psychological theories of autism, gave any clue as to how an autistic child could have such drawing abilities. In Nadia's case, a situation of severe disability coexisted with an extraordinary artistic ability.
Specialized school enrollment and media coverage
When Lorna Selfe left the CDRU, her successors made learning to speak a priority for Nadia. At the age of seven and a half, she was placed at Sutherland House, a specialized school for autistic children, where intensive therapy was applied. Her language skills improved, and she was able to express her needs in short sentences. She showed more social reciprocity, and had fewer tantrums. However, she remained highly non-verbal, and did not communicate in conventional ways. The team at Sutherland House relied for a while on her interest in drawing, but she began to copy the drawings of other children in her school, and produced works more typical of her age, devoid of artistic qualities.
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75632145
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia%20Chomyn
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Nadia Chomyn
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Analysis and reception of her drawings
Nadia's drawings contradicted the theory of a relationship between verbal skills and visual conceptualization, and undermined studies by F. L. Goodenough (Children's drawings, 1931) and D. B. Harris (Harris drawing test manual, 1961), according to which the ability to draw realistically would not exist without verbal intelligence. They also contradicted the theories of gestalt psychology, according to which mental representation always started from a global perception, before the perception of details. Overall, they contradicted all previous generalizations about children's drawings. Lorna Selfe believed that Nadia had this talent for drawing not "despite her disability", but because of her autism.
David Pariser assumed that Nadia's drawings were a "hypertrophy of the scribbling stage", and noted that there was no analytic organization in her representations. He concluded that she was strictly representing her visual universe, without analyzing it. She was, however, capable of adjusting her representations, having, for example, turned to the left a drawing whose original source of inspiration had been turned to the right.
Henley supposed that drawing was a way for her to share her emotional state. David Pariser linked this ability to Nadia's refusal or inability to conceptualize what she was drawing. Tony Charman and Simon Baron-Cohen investigated whether all autistic children were capable of mastering realistic drawing without an intellectualization phase, but this was not the case.
American archaeologist Nicholas Humphrey compared his childhood drawings to cave paintings, particularly those in the Chauvet Cave, noting that his contemporaries had a natural tendency to think that prehistoric man had the same mental reasoning as themselves. He hypothesized that atypical mental functioning without language may have been a prerequisite for making these kinds of representations.
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75632363
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Draper
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Stanley Draper
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Stanley Carlisle Draper (November 21, 1889 – January 8, 1976) was an American community leader responsible for the growth of Oklahoma City into a regional power during the mid-20th century. Together with Edward K. Gaylord, and other prominent members of the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce, he was able to shape the city into its present form. He was instrumental in the creation of Tinker Air Force Base, the Federal Aviation Administration Center, Will Rogers World Airport, Lake Hefner, the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, and many infrastructure projects key to establishing Oklahoma City as a transportation hub. Lake Stanley Draper holds his namesake after his plan for a reservoir near Tinker Air Force Base came to fruition. He was known for his sometimes utopian and superfluous ideas on city planning, resulting in massive annexations of the area surrounding the city. One of his failed visions included an attempt to expand the city borders across the state to Tulsa, Oklahoma creating an Oklahoma megalopolis. This led to Oklahoma City growing to become one of the most extensive cities in the United States.
Early years
Draper was born on a farm in Lasker, North Carolina. His family was of Scotch-Irish descent and he was one of nine children. He earned a certificate of teaching before attending Shenandoah University. After graduation, he enrolled at The University of Chicago before dropping out to enlist in the United States Army during World War 1.
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75632521
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo%20Foscarini
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Giacomo Foscarini
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He is usually seen as a conservative in the context of Venetian politics at the time, favouring alliance with the Papacy and Spain. Nevertheless, he supported the reform of the savi all'Eresia in 1595 to give the laity a greater role and asked Pope Clement VIII to postpone the enforcement of the Index of Prohibited Books in Venice. Likewise, in 1600 he supported the election of Matteo Zane as patriarch of Venice over Clement's objections. In 1598, he led an embassy to congratulate Clement on the acquisition of the Duchy of Ferrara. In 1601, he was a savio all'Eresia.
Final years and death
In January 1602, Foscarini was still fighting to reopen the Jesuit schools in Padua. Although he was a recognized expert in economic matters, a letter he wrote concerning the Bank of Venice on 28 August 1602 sparked a controversy that marred his last months. He died in Venice on 25 January 1603 after eleven days of fever. He was buried in the Carmini. His funerary monument depicts him as a Captain General of the Sea. In his will, he divided his property between his two eldest sons, favouring the second. He also made bequests to the Jesuits. He left a table to his old friend Giacomo Ragazzoni.
Giovanni Antonio Ridolfi Sforza wrote a biography of Foscarini in Latin, Iacobi Foscareni equitis et D. Marci procuratoris vita, printed at Venice in 1623. An Italian translation, Vita di Giacopo Foscarini, Cavaliere e Procuratore di S. Marco, appeared the following year.
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75632730
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembroke%20Town%20Hall%2C%20Dublin
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Pembroke Town Hall, Dublin
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In 1899, the town commissioners were replaced by an urban district council, with the town hall becoming the offices of the new council. The building was extended to the southeast by three extra bays to create a fire station in the early 20th century. The works were carried out by G. & T. Crampton to a design by Charles Herbert Ashworth and were completed in 1902. The extension contained three round headed openings on the ground floor. On the first floor, the central bay was fenestrated by another bi-partite mullioned window with a quatrefoil in the head, and surmounted by a gable, while the outer bays were fenestrated by three tall casement windows in each bay.
During the Easter Rising, the commander of the 177th (2/1st Lincoln and Leicester) Brigade, Brigadier-General Lancelot Richard Carleton, established a temporary headquarters in the town hall. The building was used as a place to hold and interrogate political prisoners. The Irish republican, Éamon de Valera, who had commanded the 3rd Battalion, Irish Volunteers at Boland's Mill on the Grand Canal Dock during the fighting and was the last commander to surrender, was arrested by British soldiers and taken to the town hall, where he was held under armed guard.
The building ceased to be the local seat of government in 1930 when Pembroke was annexed by Dublin in accordance with the Local Government (Dublin) Act 1930. It subsequently served as the home of Ringsend Technical School until 1951, when it became the offices of the City of Dublin Vocational Education Committee.
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75632861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akshata%20Krishnamurthy
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Akshata Krishnamurthy
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Akshata Krishnamurthy (Born December 27, 1990) is an Indian space systems engineer working as Principal Investigator and Science Phase Lead at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
She is currently working on Mars 2020. She was named to Fortune India's "Most Powerful Women"
Education
Krishnamurthy was born December 27, 1990 in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. She completed her schooling and undergraduate education at R.V. College of Engineering before moving to the United States to pursue a Master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Krishnamurthy earned her PhD in Aeronautics and Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Her PhD research focused on instrument calibration and performance improvement for space-based telescope missions for exoplanet detection. The results of her research contributed to the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and Arcsecond Space Telescope Enabling Research in Astrophysics (ASTERIA) missions. Krishnamurthy and her colleagues contributed to the discovery of several exoplanets and the characterization of HD 59640 as an eruptive variable star with flares. Other projects included the Mars 2020 Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE).
At MIT, she was the President of the Graduate Association of Aeronautics and Astronautics (GA^3) student organization and Co-Chair of the MIT India Conference.
Career
Krishnamurthy interned at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory as part of the ASTERIA mission while working on her PhD. In April 2021, she and her colleagues received the NASA Group Achievement Award for their work with the CubeSat ASTERIA. Following graduation, she was employed as a systems engineer and science data system lead at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. She also started as a systems engineer on the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission and later became the Science Phase Lead.
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75633026
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philodendron%20opacum
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Philodendron opacum
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Philodendron opacum is a species of flowering plant. It has a native range extending from Southeast Nicaragua to Ecuador and includes Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama. Its habitat is largely restricted to the Tropical Wet Forest and Premontane Wet Forest life zones in Central America, but in South America extends into Premontane Rain Forest (Colombia) and Tropical Moist Forest (Ecuador).
It is sold and grown as a houseplant often under the common names Monstera sp. 'Peru' and Green Galaxy Monstera, but may also be seen listed as Monstera karstenianum or Epipremnum pinnatum 'Marble Planet'; E. pinnatum is an accepted species by the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew though refers to a different plant entirely. If intended to be grown outdoors in the United States, a region outside its native range, it is recommended it be grown in USDA Hardiness Zones 10–12.
The species opacum is named from the Latin word for "dark", "dull", or "shade".
Description
This member of the arum family (Araceae) has been described as both an epiphyte and hemiepiphyte that exhibits an upward vining growth habit.
Leaves
The lamina surface is classically dark green or gray-green in color, though varieties with yellow variegations exist, ranging from 17.7 to 43.4 cm long and 7.8 to 18.8 cm wide. The texture of the lamina surface has been described as thinly coriaceous to subcoriaceous, matte or velvety to semiglossy in appearance. The coloration of the underside may be weakly to conspicuously bicolored (yellow-green) and appear matte to semiglossy. Leaf shape has been described as having considerable variability including: Narrowly to broadly ovate, broadly or ± narrowly lanceolate, elliptic, and oblong or broadly oblanceolate (usually broadest below the middle). The leaf attaches to the stem via a 16.6–29.5 cm long petiole.
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75633434
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Bronze%20Corporation
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General Bronze Corporation
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Polachek's grand idea was to become the leader in the use of bronze for metal fabrication as he foresaw the worldwide demand for the metal alloy would only increase. This was due to a rise in the use of bronze in the architectural and art world, and Polachek leaped at the opportunity. The sought-after metal coincided with the timing of the Art Deco, Art Nouveau, and international art movements, in which it became popular to use bronze. Polachek's intuition paid off, as he cornered the bronze fabrication market. Bronze and aluminum became popular to use and were implemented in art, architecture, and the construction industry by artists, architects, and construction companies respectively. As General Bronze gained notoriety, the company quickly became the forerunner. General Bronze's most acclaimed entry to the construction industry was the bronze mullion I-beams for the Seagram Building, the no-set-back windows clad in aluminum for the United Nations Secretariat Building, and the Chase Manhattan Bank Building.
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75633434
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Bronze%20Corporation
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General Bronze Corporation
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Bronze art
The General Bronze Corporation, with the acquisition of the Roman Bronze Works, became the primary company behind many of America's most famous buildings and sculptures.
Early man has used bronze throughout history. In the ancient Mayan, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman ruins, bronze tools, instruments, statues, and weapons has always been found in an almost perfect state of preservation. "Centuries hence there will undoubtedly be many fine works of bronze that will bear eloquent testimony to craftsmanship of our day." The world's most acclaimed sculptors produced some of the finest works seen in the United States by General Bronze. "Many visitors to Rockefeller Center have always admired the bronze statuary which helped make it one of the wonders of the modern world, such as the art deco Atlas by Lee Lawrie, and the Prometheus by Paul Manship." Other well-known and exceptional Rockefeller Center sculptures admired worldwide are on display for visitors to marvel and take photographs. These include the whimsical fountain figures by Rene Chambellan adorning the fountain flanking Manship's Prometheus statue; Lawrie's Atlas sculpture in the plaza of Rockefeller Center's International Building at its 5th Avenue entrance; and the aluminum "Spirit of the Dance" of William Zorach at Rockefeller Center's Radio City Music Hall, New York.
Roman Bronze Works
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75633434
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Bronze%20Corporation
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General Bronze Corporation
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L.S. Brach Manufacturing Corporation and Antennas
The radio industry had been making technical advances, particularly in the area of antenna technology, and instituted antenna design/model production for the MIT Lincoln Laboratory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NASA, and the Bureau of Standards. Since General Bronze has enormous access to the aluminum industry, it pursued the acquisition of L.S. Brach Manufacturing Corporation in 1948 to gain a foothold in the field of radio technology and Brach's patents. Ira Kamen became the director of the Brach Manufacturing Corporation, while George Doundoulakis became the Director of Research. Kamen had hired Doundoulakis at the RCA Institutes in New York City. Doundoulakis had experience working on the DEW Line system earlier. Kamen believed that with his expertise and Doundoulakis' energy, they both would forge ahead and seek to gain contracts in the expanding field of radio telescopes. Doundoulakis had been tutored by Kamen, an electrical engineer, in New York City who taught at the RCA Institutes. Doundoulakis, a physicist, had gained a solid foothold in the field of electronics and was encouraged by Kamen to also teach at the RCA Institutes. Subsequently, in 1956, both Doundoulakis and Kamen filed their first US patent. Later, Doundoulakis and Kamen co-authored a book on "Scatter Propagation." Doundoulakis hired Stanley Gethen, and together, both filed patents for antenna designs and radar-related projects for General Bronze. Brach Electronics had developed antennas for the automobile industry, which included motorized antennas.
National Radio Astronomy Observatory – Green Bank, WV
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75633996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingqian
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Tingqian
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From August to November 1947, the Second Field Army commanded by Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping advanced into Huangmei after a long march into the Dabie Mountains, establishing the Huangmei County People's Democratic Government. The upper half of Huangmei was divided into six districts, with District 3 being Tingqian. On May 8, 1949, the establishment of the Huanggang region led to the abolition of the administrative division of Huangmei County during the Republic of China era. Five new districts were created, including Tuqiao, and Tingqian Town's jurisdiction belonged to that district. In August 1952, the entire county was restructured into 12 districts based on natural environments, encompassing 163 townships. Tingqian District was first established as District 3, governing 13 townships: Wangjiangshan, Xiaoping, Tingqian, Chenyuan, Tieniu, Laopu, Tafan, Anren, Guyue, Chaixia, Shicang, Liubi, and Jiangpang. However, in the latter part of 1955, Tingqian District was merged back into the Tuqiao District. In April 1958, the five townships of Wangjiang, Liulin, Tieniu, and Shuima were separated from the Tuqiao District, re-establishing Tingqian District. By the end of the year, the entire county underwent collectivization, and Tingqian District was changed to Shangyou People's Commune. In February 1959, it was renamed Tingqian People's Commune based on the geographic location.
In the reorganization and merger of districts and communes in October 1975, the People's Commune of Tingqian was divided into two communes: one retained the name Tingqian, while a newly established one was called Liulin People's Commune. The Tingqian People's Commune had jurisdiction over three administrative areas: Tingqian, Liubi, and Shuima, with 19 production brigades, 273 production teams, 1 natural town, and 284 natural villages. On the other hand, the Liulin People's Commune encompassed three administrative areas: Liulin, Laopu, and Wangjiang, with 14 production brigades, 141 production teams, 142 natural villages, and 1 natural town.
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75633996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingqian
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Tingqian
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The administrative area of Tingqian Town covers an area of 83.27 square kilometers. It is located in the northern part of the Dabie Mountains, serving as a transitional zone between the ancient Jiaoshan Mountain Range and the plain areas. The terrain slopes from north to south, with the western and northern regions bordering the Gujiao Reservoir being more mountainous, classified under the Huaiyang geoplate. In the eastern part, there are undulating hills interspersed with small patches of fields, presenting a relatively flat topography. The central and southern areas consist of hilly terrains and plain regions. The highest point within its boundaries is Jishijian Peak (488 meters above sea level), along with other relatively high peaks like Qianjia. It experiences a subtropical monsoon climate with abundant sunshine and distinct seasons, yet it is moist. However, the mountainous regions have lower temperatures, stronger winds, shorter sunlight exposure, and a frost-free period that is 30 to 50 days less than the plain areas, with seasons often delayed by 15 to 30 days. As per the 2016 statistics, the average temperature of the town is 17 °C, with July being the warmest month at 27 °C, and January being the coolest at 5 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1963 millimeters, with May being the wettest month, averaging 310 millimeters, and the driest month is January, receiving 52 millimeters of rainfall.
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75633996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingqian
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Tingqian
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Since the beginning of the 21st century, farming hasn't been able to meet the local residents' needs. In 2017, with the aim of lifting villagers out of poverty, Tingqian Town set the development goal of becoming a key oil-tea town and creating a blueberry hub. The local government divided the entire town into three functional areas. Specifically, in the eastern part of Tingqian Town, the blueberry industry is being developed, while in the central and western areas, the focus is on the oil-tea industry, creating an "ecological conservation and development zone". To elaborate, the town aims to construct a 10,000-mu blueberry base centered in Tongzhai Village, establish a 20,000-mu oil-tea base centered in Liubi Village, and create an 8,000-mu yellow tea base centered in Haishan and Jiangchong Villages. Additionally, some impoverished households use idle land for planting oil-tea and blueberries in hopes of prosperity. By 2012, the average annual income of farmers in Tingqian reached 5,558 yuan, an increase of 683 yuan from the previous year. As of December 2015, there were 37,600 rural residents in the entire town, with an average disposable income per rural resident of 9,318 yuan.
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75633996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingqian
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Tingqian
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At the mid-slope of the western foothill of Hailuo Mountain in Tingqian Town lies the Hailuo Mountain Site, covering an area of 2,000 square meters, with a cultural layer approximately 0.3 meters thick, containing a large number of relics from the Western Zhou Dynasty. On a small hillside in Tingqian Town are the ruins of the Bangke Cliff Site, occupying an area of approximately 1,500 square meters. It is an irregular elongated shape, rising about 3 meters above the ground. In 1981, a member of the Tiechong Commune excavated a stone shovel, measuring 15 cm in length, 11.8 cm in width, 10.5 cm in bottom width, and 0.6 cm thick, with a hole diameter of 3 cm. Along with it, pottery fragments like tripod feet and li feet were discovered, indicating it to be a relic from the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Adjacent to the ancient post, about 200 meters away, lies the Wudang Palace Site. Covering an area of approximately 3,000 square meters, it is confirmed as a relic of an ancient village from the Shang and Western Zhou periods. Some of the buildings of the Wudang Palace, after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, were used as school classrooms and are currently part of the central school in Tingqian Town. The Chen River Site in Sanqu also holds artifacts from the Neolithic Age.
In April 1981, at the Fenghuang site of the Huzhai Brigade in Tingqian Commune (now Shuima Village), a large copper seal belonging to Xu Shouhui, a leader of a peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, weighing 1172.5 grams and measuring 11.7 square centimeters with a thickness of 1 centimeter, was unearthed. The front bears six large seal script characters reading "Seal of Commanding Ten Thousand Households", while the back side contains inscriptions in traditional Kai characters reading "Made by the Ministry of Rites of the Central Secretariat" and "The Third Year of Taiping, Month Unknown, Day Unknown".
| 2.3125
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75633998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zicu%20Araia
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Zicu Araia
|
The Ottoman-born Aromanian journalist, translator and writer Ion Foti described Toamnă'n Pind as one of the best Aromanian-language poems written up until that moment, with Araia deserving a "place of honor" in Aromanian literature according to him. Published in the last issue of Lumina of the year 1907, the poem emulates the metre used by Coșbuc, having a lively verse in which "the images develop one after another without difficulty". Foti said that "not a single word seems to be superfluous" in the poem. After analysing it, Foti advised Araia to avoid using local words and to first concentrate better and then write. Ianula Șamaniclu is a poem published in 1911 about an armatole revolutionary from Perivoli with that name who had died a year before. Calea ("Transhumance") is dedicated to another Aromanian militant, Mihali Teguiani. From Vovousa, Teguiani had fought Greek antartes bands in the Ottoman Empire and had been sentenced as a result to the death penalty by the Ottoman authorities, although he was later amnestied. Calea was one of Araia's poems appreciated the most by the Ottoman-born Aromanian folklorist and linguist Tache Papahagi, whom Lascu defined as "exigent". Cândroveanu suggested that Calea might have been written under the influence of the Romanian poet and politician with Aromanian origins Dimitrie Bolintineanu, although "with much more sense of the real" than him. Mailu și Pindul is a poem with 21 stanzas, the last two of which give an insight, according to Lascu, on Araia's sentiments of identification with Romania:
| 2.125
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75633998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zicu%20Araia
|
Zicu Araia
|
Faced with continuous advances by the Greek resistance forces of the National Liberation Front (EAM) in the areas of Grevena and Siatista, the Italian forces abandoned Grevena on 23 March 1943. It was decided that several Aromanian collaborators with Italy and pro-Romanian Aromanian figures would be evacuated for their safety, and they were taken to Thessaloniki. Initially, the Italian forces intended to burn Grevena before withdrawing to deprive the Greek resistance of the town's facilities and resources and to take revenge on the local population. However, they gave up on this idea following strong opposition by Aromanian separatists and pro-Romanian Aromanians, with Araia's intervention having been instrumental in this. The Aromanian figures evacuated to Thessaloniki initially settled in houses that had belonged to the Jewish population of the city, which had been recently deported. Upon arriving in Thessaloniki, Araia received a telegram with a letter of gratitude from the inhabitants of Grevena for his efforts to prevent the burning of the town.
| 2.28125
| 0
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75634148
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Soul%20of%20France
|
The Soul of France
|
The Soul of France (La Grande Épreuve) is a French synchronized sound black and white sound film, directed by André Dugès and Alexandre Ryder, with a screenplay by Georges Le Faure. The film was released and distributed by Paramount Pictures in 1928. The film has no audible dialogue but featured a synchronized musical score and sound effects. The soundtrack was recorded by Paramount Pictures using the Western Electric Sound System sound-on-film process. The soundtrack was also transferred to discs for those theatres that were wired with sound-on-disc sound systems.
The film is an adaptation of the eponymous novel by Georges Le Faure, which won the Marcelin-Guérin Prize in 1929. The film starred Georges Charlia, Michele Verly, Jean Murat and Berthe Jalabert.
Plot
The film follows the story of Jean (Georges Charlia), a young French soldier returning home after World War I. He is physically and mentally scarred by the horrors he witnessed on the front lines. He struggles to readjust to civilian life, haunted by nightmares and flashbacks.
His family welcomes him with open arms, but they soon realize the extent of his trauma. He meets Madeleine (Michèle Verly), his childhood sweetheart. Their joyful reunion is short-lived as Jean discovers Madeleine is now married to his friend and fellow soldier, Pierre (Jean Murat).
Devastated and harboring feelings of betrayal, Jean struggles to reintegrate into civilian life. He finds solace in the company of Marie-Louise (Simone Debout), a kind and supportive woman who offers him emotional refuge. However, the shadow of his lost love continues to haunt him, especially when he learns Pierre and Madeleine's marriage is strained by Pierre's war trauma.
As Jean grapples with his inner demons, he becomes increasingly withdrawn and isolated. He finds solace in alcohol, which only deepens his depression and fuels his destructive tendencies. His family fears he will succumb to his despair, and they desperately search for ways to help him find peace.
| 2.34375
| 0
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75634160
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9morial%20Charles-de-Gaulle
|
Mémorial Charles-de-Gaulle
|
The Mémorial Charles-de-Gaulle () is a monument located in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises in Haute-Marne. Retracing, through the person of Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970), the major historical events of the 20th century, it was produced by the Charles-de-Gaulle foundation and the general council of Haute-Marne at a cost of 22 million euros. It replaces the General de Gaulle memorial inaugurated on June 18, 1972, which until then housed a small exhibition and controlled access to the monumental Cross of Lorraine.
Officially launched by the President of the French Republic Jacques Chirac on November 9, 2006, the Charles-de-Gaulle memorial and its temporary exhibition De Gaulle-Adenauer: a Franco-German reconciliation were inaugurated on October 11, 2008, by Nicolas Sarkozy and the Chancellor Angela Merkel, just fifty years after the historical meeting at La Boisserie between the General and Chancellor Konrad Adenauer.
The Memorial is chaired by Nicolas Lacroix, also President of the Haute-Marne departmental council.
| 2
| 0
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75634740
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20de%20Molina%20Zamudio
|
Manuel de Molina Zamudio
|
Manuel de Molina Zamudio (1 March 1790 – 19 March 1868) was a Bolivian politician and lawyer who served as Minister of Finance during the administration of José Ballivián. He began his political career during the presidency of Andrés de Santa Cruz, when he served as secretary to Mariano Enrique Calvo. As Santa Cruz's most trusted ally in Bolivia, Calvo wielded immense powers in the country. Being Calvo's secretary, Molina flourished politically during this period, especially during the peak of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. After the fall of Santa Cruz, he supported the unsuccessful governments of Sebastián Ágreda and Calvo, ultimately becoming an ardent ballivianista after the Battle of Ingavi. Molina was exiled when Eusebio Guilarte was ousted in 1848, spending a long exile in Chile. His granddaughter, Carmen Calvo Molina, was married to Daniel Sánchez Bustamante. Through Carmen, he is the great-grandfather of famed Bolivian feminist, María Luisa Sánchez Bustamante. He was married to María del Carmen Frías Ametller, sister of Tomás Frías.
Early life
Born in Cochabamba, Upper Peru, Viceroyalty of Peru, on March 1, 1790, Molina was the son of Francisco Plácido de Molina and Maria Mercedes Zamudio. His father was a supporter of Pedro Domingo Murillo and was forced to flee Upper Peru in 1809.
In 1820, Molina was sent to Buenos Aires to attend boarding school. At time, the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata had already achieved their independence from Spain, meaning that this region was fervently on the side of the patriots. Anti-royalist sentiments were powerful in Buenos Aires, influencing Molina at a young age with ideas of liberalism. In 1825, he aspired to join the army of Antonio José de Sucre and Francisco Burdett O’Conner. They were tasked, by Simón Bolívar, to defeat the remaining forces of Pedro Antonio Olañeta in Upper Peru. However, by the time Molina had reached Salta, Bolivia was proclaimed an independent republic.
| 2.203125
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75634740
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20de%20Molina%20Zamudio
|
Manuel de Molina Zamudio
|
After Ingavi, Molina officially entered Bolivian politics, being elected on February 19, 1842, to the Chamber of Deputies representing La Paz. During his tenure, he was a staunch ballivianista and adhered solely to the policies of the incumbent President of Bolivia. As a reward for his continued loyalty, Ballivián appointed him Minister of Finance on April 28, 1843. Thus, Molina vacated his position in the Chamber of Deputies. Although a competent statesman, Molina blindly obeyed ballivianista rhetoric, meaning he neglected several aspects of Bolivia's finances. By the time he left the office to his eventual successor, Tomás Frías, Bolivia's fiscal matters were in a complete state of chaos. He was appointed again to the Chamber of Deputies, this time representing Oruro, on May 31, 1844.
Downfall and death
By late 1847, the partisans of Velasco and Belzu, who was Molina's first cousin by virtue of his marriage to Juana Manuela Gorriti, launched a revolution that ousted Ballivián. Hoping to maintain his influence, Ballivián appointed Eusebio Guilarte as president. However, within a matter of weeks, Guilarte too was overthrown. Velasco and Belzu would agree to an uneasy alliance which established the former as president. Molina, although a relative of Belzu, was exiled because of his continued loyalty to the ballivianista cause. He would establish himself in Santiago, Chile, where he continued writing pamphlets supporting the return of Ballivián. In 1850, he met with Ballivián in Argentina. There, they discussed a potential invasion from the south, supported by Molina's family in Salta. However, nothing came of this plan and Ballivián eventually died in 1852.
With his health deteriorated, perhaps suffering from cancer, Molina retired to private life. He died, away from the public sphere March 19, 1868, aged 78.
| 2.09375
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75634835
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fare%20capping
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Fare capping
|
The Oyster card, the first major implementation of fare capping, uses MIFARE smart cards with proprietary programming, with equipment connected to proprietary back-office systems. The Oyster card began to support fare capping in 2005, 7 years after the system's initial design began in 1998.
In contrast, contemporary payment systems supporting fare capping are available as commercial off-the-shelf systems. These systems provide multiple components of an integrated fare payment system, including mobile apps, smart cards, card readers, and back-office systems. Multiple vendors provide these types of systems, which are sold to transport operators on a white-label basis, with branding supplied by the transport operator. Examples of such systems include Umo by Cubic Transportation Systems, Justride by Masabi, and MOBILEvario by INIT.
An example of this technology's maturity is the installation of a new fare system on the Milwaukee County Transit System in Wisconsin, USA. The WisGo payment system, powered by Cubic's Umo, was implemented in under two years, despite delays.
Impacts
Fare capping is frequently cited as a method to improve the social equity of transport fares. A 2022 poll of United States transport operators concluded that in addition to improving equity in transit fares, fare capping can also reduce transport operators' expenses in handling cash, and can contribute to an easier experience for passengers.
Fares, and fare capping, can be used by transport operators to influence their passengers' behavior, and therefore the ridership of their services. A 2020 behavioral economics analysis in Vancouver, British Columbia argued that transport operators must carefully consider their messaging around fare capping, as it can have significant positive or negative impacts on behavior.
| 2.328125
| 0
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75634881
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita%20silvicola
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Amanita silvicola
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Amanita silvicola, also known as the woodland amanita or Kauffman's forest amanita, is a species of Amanita found in coniferous woods the Pacific Northwest and California.
A. silvicola is a small to medium-sized white mushroom, distinguishable from most other white Amanita species by its short stalk. Its cap ranges from 5–12 cm and is pure white, convex to flat, often with an incurved margin. The cap is initially rounded, covered in a "wooly" outer veil that later leaves soft patchy remnants across its surface as it flattens. The stem is patched with volva remains, and is slightly larger at its base. Gills are white, close and crowded, and free, just reaching the stem, or to narrowly adnate. The flesh of A. silvicola does not change colour when bruised or cut, but it's cap may discolour with age.
The edibibility of A. Silivicola is uncertain, but, due to its close resemblance to two poisonous mushrooms in the Amanita genus, A. pantherina and A. Smithiana, experimentation with this mushroom is strongly advised against.
Description
The cap of A. silvicola are 5 to 12 cm wide, dry and pure white in color. In advanced age and with decay, the cap may discolour, developing, as observed by Kauffman, "bright rose-colored spots and streaks". Younger fruiting bodies (mushrooms) are covered by a fluffy continuous universal veil, which breaks up irregularly across its slightly sticky surface into soft powdery patches instead of firm warts. The flesh of the cap thins considerably at its margin, which remains incurved into maturity. The gills are white and crowded together and have a free to narrowly adnate attachment, though sometimes reach towards the stipe in a deccurent tooth. The gills are medium broad, 6-7mm, with cottony edges, and in maturity they project below the margin of the cap. A. silvicola spores 8.0-10.0 μm by 4.2-6.0 μm, they are smooth, amyloid, ellipsoid and colourless, leaving a white spore print.
| 2.171875
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75634884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-normal%20modal%20logic
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Non-normal modal logic
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A non-normal modal logic is a variant of modal logic that deviates from the basic principles of normal modal logics.
Normal modal logics adhere to the distributivity axiom () and the necessitation principle which states that "a tautology must be necessarily true" ( entails ). On the other hand, non-normal modal logics do not always have such requirements. The minimal variant of non-normal modal logics is logic E, which contains the congruence rule in its Hilbert calculus or the E rule in its sequent calculus upon the corresponding proof systems for classical propositional logic. Additional axioms, namely axioms M, C and N, can be added to form stronger logic systems. With all three axioms added to logic E, a logic system equivalent to normal modal logic K is obtained.
Whilst Kripke semantics is the most common formal semantics for normal modal logics (e.g., logic K), non-normal modal logics are often interpreted with neighbourhood semantics.
Syntax
The syntax of non-normal modal logic systems resembles that of normal modal logics, which is founded upon propositional logic. An atomic statement is represented with propositional variables (e.g., ); logical connectives include negation (), conjunction (), disjunction () and implication (). The modalities are most commonly represented with the box () and the diamond ().
A formal grammar for this syntax can minimally be defined using only the negation, disjunction and box symbols. In such a language,
where is any propositional name. The conjunction may then be defined as equivalent to . For any modal formula , the formula is defined by . Alternatively, if the language is first defined with the diamond, then the box can be analogously defined by .
For any propositional name , the formulae and are considered propositional literals whilst and are considered modal literals.
Proof systems
Logic E, the minimal variant of non-normal modal logics, includes the RE congruence rule in its Hilbert calculus or the E rule in its sequent calculus.
Hilbert calculus
| 1.90625
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75635056
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi%20Fetters
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Levi Fetters
|
Levi Fetters (November 3, 1831 – August 1893) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1883 to 1886.
Early life
Levi Fetters was born on November 3, 1831, in East Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania, to Elizabeth (née Acker) and Abraham Fetters. His father was a commissioned officer under John G. Wersler's company. His grandfather George Fetters served in the Revolutionary War. Fetters attended two years of schooling at Miss Elizabeth Jones's school and two winters of schooling at Howard Academy in Rockville, Chester County.
From 1854 to the outbreak of the Civil War, Fetters taught school in the winters. In 1859, he traveled to Europe for six months and wrote for the Chester County Times.
Career
In 1862, Fetters served as first lieutenant of the 21st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment. From 1862 to 1863, he was captain of Company C of the 175th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment. He served in North Carolina and Virginia. In 1863, he was professor of infantry tactics and army regulations for the United States Colored Troops at the Free Military School at 1210 Chestnut Street in Philadelphia. In 1866, he moved to Florida to work in the cotton business.
Fetters worked as a farmer and teacher. He lived in Barneston, West Nantmeal Township, Pennsylvania, and worked as a ticket and freight agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad. He was an agent for the Adams Express Company. In 1872, he engaged in Barneston in a mercantile business. He was a dry goods and grocery merchant. He was director of the Phoenixville Fire Insurance Company and a school director. In 1872, he became postmaster of West Nantmeal Township.
Fetters was a Republican. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1883 to 1886.
Fetters was director of the Phoenixville National Bank. He owned six farms in Upper Uwchlan Township.
| 2.21875
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75635243
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.%20J.%20M.%20Kelley
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T. J. M. Kelley
|
Thomas Jefferson Marion Kelley Sr. (April 15, 1855 – October 10, 1912) was an American physician and politician who represented Glascock County in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1900 to 1906.
Early life and education
Thomas Jefferson Marion Kelley was born on April 15, 1855, in Washington, Georgia, the third of ten children of Captain George W. Kelley, a farmer, mill-man, merchant, lumber trader and Confederate States Army Civil War veteran. A Georgia native, George Kelley was described as having been very active in the development of Alachua County, Florida. Kelley was reared and educated mainly in Sandersville, Georgia, first reading medicine under his older brother, J. L. Kelley. Graduating in 1880, he took a course at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Medical College of Georgia.
Career
Kelley began his medicine practice in Gibson, county seat of Glascock County, Georgia. In 1900, he was elected to represent Glascock County in the Georgia House of Representatives, an office he held for three terms, ending in 1906. Kelley supported a platform of tax cuts and ballot reform. In 1906, Kelley was listed as one of five “energetic members of the lower house” by the Atlanta Constitution.
Personal life
On November 10, 1881, Kelley married Ida V. Logue. After her death in 1884, Kelley married her first cousin, Mollie Logue, on October 1, 1884. His wife Mollie died in 1909. In 1910, Kelley contracted paralysis after suffering from a stroke, leaving his speech seriously affected for the final two years of his life. Kelley died at age 57 on October 10, 1912, in Gibson, Georgia, and was survived by a brother, three sisters, two daughters and four sons.
| 2.46875
| 0
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75635383
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasidas%20lacerta
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Brasidas lacerta
|
James Abram Garfield Rehn and his son John William Holman Rehn transferred both species to the newly created genus Euobrimus in 1938/39 and described five new species in it, including Euobrimus dohrni, which is the basis for the description of the two pairs from Mindanao mentioned by Dohrn. One of the sexes of Obrimus cavernosus and Obrimus lacerta examined by Redtenbacher is said to belong to this species. Later cataloging of the collections in Berlin and Vienna revealed that the three syntypes described by Redtenbacher are an adult male from Luzon, an adult female from Mindanao in the Berlin Museum, and a juvenile male from Luzon in the Vienna Museum. Frank H. Hennemann synonymized the genus Euobrimus with Brasidas in 2023 and clarified the status of the syntypes that belong to three different species. The juvenile male from Luzon belongs to Brasidas cavernosus, which was described before Brasidas lacerta.
The adult male from Luzon from Berlin belongs to Euobrimus bakeri described by Rehn and Rehn in 1939. Since the latter was described using several adult specimens with precise collection dates, the species has been retained as Brasidas bakeri. The adult female from the Vienna collection remained as a lectotype of Brasidas lacerta.
| 1.96875
| 0
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75635670
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20Giles
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Dorothy Giles
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Dorothy Giles (April 27, 1892, Cold Spring, New York – December 29, 1960, Cold Spring, New York) was a freelance writer, journalist, editor, author of several books, and a local historian.
Biography
The parents of Dorothy Giles, Richard Giles (1861–1918) and Ida Rosina Webb married in June 1891, in New York City. Dr. Richard Giles was a physician who practiced medicine on Fair Street in Cold Spring, Putnam County, New York. Dorothy Giles's brother Richard L. Giles was born in 1895. Dorothy Giles studied art and languages and graduated from the Cathedral School of St. Mary, the sister school of St. Paul's School in Garden City, New York.
While pursuing her career as a journalist, Dorothy Giles, for many years, grew vegetables, flowers, and fruits in a home garden in Cold Spring, her hometown along the banks of the Hudson River.
She published the 1922 pamphlet Down the Garden Path and the 1926 book The Little Kitchen Garden. As an influential member of the Putnam County Historical Society, Dorothy Giles had a home on Pauling Avenue in Cold Spring and was active in community affairs. In 1924 her book Adventures in Brotberhood was published.
Giles wrote two travel books: The Road Through Spain (1929) and The Road Through Czechoslovakia (1930). Tomáš Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia, honored her for her 1930 travel book — she became the first woman to receive the silver medal of the Order of the White Lion, Knight Class. She became a member of the American Friends of Czechoslovakia (an American association which helped Czechoslovakian refugees during and after both World Wars). She also belonged to the Pen and Brush Club.
Giles was a staff member of Cosmopolitan Magazine from 1933 to 1939. In 1940 Random House published her book Singing Valleys: The Story of Corn — the food historian Cynthia Clampitt called the book a "classic". Among Dartmouth College Library's archival and manuscript collections, there is the Singing Valleys typescript with handwritten corrections and printer's marks.
| 2.296875
| 0
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75635757
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang-Ping%20Xie
|
Shang-Ping Xie
|
Shang-Ping Xie is a climatology and oceanography researcher who holds the Roger Revelle Chair at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Known best for his research on interaction between the world's oceans and atmosphere and on El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Xie is noted as a Highly Cited Researcher by Clarivate.
Early life and education
Xie was born in Quzhou in 1963. He entered university after the Cultural Revolution had ended, and studied oceanography, though he had never seen the ocean before. His education includes:
Bachelor of Science, Shandong College of Oceanography (Ocean University of China), 1984
Study at Dalian College of Foreign Languages, 1984–85
Master of Science, Tohoku University, 1988
Doctor of Science, Tohoku University, 1991
He was a visiting scientist to Princeton University from 1991 to 1993, and a research associate for the University of Washington from 1993 to 1994.
Career
Xie had been employed at the University of Hawaiʻi as a professor of meteorology until he joined the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California, San Diego in 2012 as the inaugural Roger Revelle Chair, a title named for pioneering researcher Roger Revelle, established with an endowment from the Revelle family. While at Hawaiʻi, he was faculty in the International Pacific Research Center of the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology.
In April 2016, as a Scripps professor, Xie returned to the University of Washington as an endowed lecturer—he gave a lecture on El Niño in the Graduate Students' Distinguished Visiting Lecture series.
| 2.015625
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75636075
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20history%20of%20Tylosaurus
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Research history of Tylosaurus
|
In 1871, Cope identified a second species of North American Liodon based on several vertebrae and limb fragments, which he named Liodon dyspelor. The fossils came to Cope under the label as having been collected by an army doctor named William B. Lyon at Fort McRae, New Mexico. However, a 1997 study led by David C. Parris of the New Jersey State Museum found that the chemical composition of the fossil did not match any known geological deposit in New Mexico and is instead identical to that of the Niobrara Formation; the study speculated from examinations of multiple letters between Lyon and the Smithsonian Institution that the Liodon dyspelor fossils were actually recovered from somewhere in Western Kansas and were mislabeled as being collected by Lyon in New Mexico (who was shipping a different fossil from Fort McRae around the same time) during transit. The type specimen of the taxon is split between two museums; some of the vertebrae went to Cope's American Museum of Natural History as AMNH 1580 while the rest were sent to the Smithsonian as USNM 41.
| 2.46875
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75636075
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20history%20of%20Tylosaurus
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Research history of Tylosaurus
|
One of the earliest restorations of Tylosaurus comes from an illustration by a popular artist named Henry Worrall for paleontologist William E. Webb's 1872 fictional book Buffalo Land. This illustration, which is titled The sea which once covered the plains, represents one of the first paleoart of marine reptiles and pterosaurs from the Niobrara Formation. At the center of the illustration rises a giant Tylosaurus (identified as Liodon proriger). The appearance of this mosasaur was influenced by Cope, who was an acquaintance of Webb, as evidenced by its excessively elongated tail and serpentine appearance. Additionally, the Tylosaurus was given a rather long neck. Although not as long as those of plesiosaurs like Elasmosaurus, this detail would influence subsequent depictions of Tylosaurus in art. An example of this can be seen in the famous fossil collector Charles Hazelius Sternberg's 1889 fictional narrative The Young Fossil Hunters: A True Story of Western Exploration and Adventure, which contains a scene where a giant Tylosaurus skeleton measuring in total length with a long and slender neck that is long is uncovered.
Increased understanding and complete skeletons
| 2.6875
| 0
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75636075
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20history%20of%20Tylosaurus
|
Research history of Tylosaurus
|
T. saskatchewanensis
In 1995, the Royal Saskatchewan Museum excavated a partial skeleton first discovered a year prior by a local farmer from a hill located northwest of Herbert Ferry, at the Lake Diefenbaker, Saskatchewan. The skeleton was found articulated and consists of a "moderately complete" skull, a largely complete vertebral column, limb bones, and bones of a smaller mosasaur as stomach content; it was curated into the museum as RSM P2588.1 and nicknamed "Omācīw" (meaning "hunter" in Cree). In 2006, Timon Bullard of the University of Alberta studied the specimen in his Master of Science thesis. At the time, the Omācīw fossil was still in preparation and Bullard was only able to examine the right side of the skull. However, he identified that the fossil represented a new species of Tylosaurus and suggested that it be named Tylosaurus saskatchewanensis in reference to the original province of its discovery. Bullard's thesis was never published but subsequently published studies recognized T. saskatchewanensis as a valid species despite technically never having been formally described. In 2018, Bullard co-authored a multi-author study led by Jiménez-Huidobro which formally described Omācīw, which by then was more fully prepared, and confirmed its identity as a distinct species.
| 2.375
| 0
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75636350
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefe
|
Lefe
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Akwati
Akwati are the containers, boxes, or suitcases used to store and transport Kayan lefe to the bride's house. The number of Akwati required may vary depending on the bridegroom's family background. These containers serve the purpose of securely holding and transporting the Kayan lefe, ensuring its safe arrival at the bride's house. Traditionally, two akwati were given to the bride's family. In the modern day, a set of six suitcases, called Akwatin aure, is the most popular choice.
In recent times, some Hausa people have opted to use refrigerators instead of boxes or suit cases for storing Kayan lefe. This shift is primarily driven by the recognition that refrigerators offer greater utility compared to a set of boxes.
Criticism
The cultural practice has been criticized for hindering the marriage prospects of young individuals in Northern Nigeria without many financial means. In the 2020s, some articles estimates that a middle-class man would spent between 1 and 3 million naira for lefe.
Lefe has also been criticized for centering material goods, rather than the compatibility of the couple.
| 2.109375
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75636551
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy%20Baarcke
|
Buddy Baarcke
|
Leonide Alfred "Buddy" Baarcke, Jr. (September 23, 1931 – March 10, 2017) was an American competitive swimmer, Pan-American Games medalist and swimming coach.
Birth
Leonide Baarcke was born on September 23, 1931.
Career
Swimming
In 1949, Baarcke graduated from Suwanee Military Academy where he originally swam competitively, and then he went to study at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he achieved All American status in the backstroke and new butterfly stroke. He graduated in 1953.
While at the University of North Carolina, Baarcke also began his coaching career, where "he was very motivational and created enthusiasm".
Baarcke was then drafted into the military for two years, but continued to swim competitively.
At the 1954 National AAU Indoor Swimming Championships, he showed William Yorzyk and his coach Charles Silvia the butterfly stroke for the first time. Yorzyk went on to be an Olympic gold medalist in the 200 metres butterfly event. Also in 1954, he was the first American to set a world record for the butterfly stroke, in the 100 yards butterfly.
Baarcke was the first American to go under 1 minute in the 100 yards in three separate strokes (freestyle, butterfly and backstroke).
Leading up to the 1955 Pan American Games, Baarcke trained with the Tar Heel swimmers and divers, and at the event, Baarcke placed third in the 100 metres backstroke event, and first in the 4x100 metres medley relay with his team.
Swim coaching
Baarcke became a club coach and assistant college coach for 10 years, serving at the University of North Carolina while he was also a post-graduate student in 1954, 1957 and 1958, and the University of Florida later. He continued swimming club coaching for another 40 years.
During his coaching career, Baarcke coached 1 Olympic gold medalist, many Olympic medalists and 9 world ranked swimmers.
In September 2016, Baarcke was inducted to the American Swim Coaches Association's coaching Hall of Fame, and is also in the North Carolina Swimming Hall of Fame.
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75636677
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeralt%C4%B1%20Mosque
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Yeraltı Mosque
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The Yeraltı Mosque () is a mosque located in the Karaköy part of the Beyoğlu district in Istanbul, Turkey. The mosque's name is derived from the fact that its prayer hall and main features of it are all underground.
It is sometimes known as Kurşunlu Mahzen, as it was a place where the belongings of captured Umayyad warriors were sealed away with molten lead.
History
The mosque was originally the basement cellar of a Byzantine fortress. After the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, this cellar was used as a storage for ammunition, as well as a water cistern. Then the Ottoman vizier, Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha, converted the cellar into a mosque in 1753. Memorial cenotaphs for three holy men were added in the same year as well, at the request of a Naqshbandi dervish.
The 1754 Istanbul earthquake destroyed the structure, and so the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud I ordered it to be rebuilt. The mosque was thus completed in 1756. The minaret was later rebuilt as well, but it is nowhere to be seen in the present day.
The tombs
Inside the mosque below ground floor, there are two rooms which contain tombs. These tombs are attributed to two Sahaba and one of the Tabi' al-Tabi'een. The Sahaba's tombs are located in one room. The tombs were added in 1753, after a Naqshbandi dervish claimed that the presence of tombs in the cellar was revealed to him in a dream.
Tomb of Amr ibn al-As and Wahb ibn Husayra
Entering the mosque from Karaköy leads to this room. It contains two wooden cenotaphs dedicated to Amr ibn al-As and another Sahaba named Wahb ibn Husayra. However, Amr ibn al-As is known to have died in Egypt, while there is little to no record of any Sahaba named "Wahb ibn Husayra" at all. Local traditions relate that these Sahaba were captured during an attempted invasion of Constantinople and tortured to death. The cenotaphs of these two Sahaba are enclosed by an iron grille which is inlaid with glass windows.
Tomb of Sufyan ibn Uyaynah
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75636737
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20glaciers%20of%20Heard%20Island%20and%20McDonald%20Islands
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List of glaciers of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
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Jacka Glacier
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A glacier, long, flowing northeast from Hayter Peak and terminating in icefalls opposite Vanhoffen Bluff on the north side of Heard Island.
The glacier appears to be roughly charted on an 1860 sketch map compiled by Capt. H.C. Chester, American sealer operating in the area during this period.
It was surveyed in 1948 by the ANARE, and named by them for Fred J. Jacka, expedition physicist.
Lied Glacier
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A glacier close north of Cape Arkona on the southwest side of Heard Island.
Surveyed by ANARE in 1948.
Named by ANCA for N.T. Lied, radio operator and weather observer with ANARE on Heard Island in the years 1951 and 1963, respectively.
Schmidt Glacier
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A glacier, long, flowing west from Baudissin Glacier between Mount Drygalski and North West Cornice, on the west side of Heard Island.
The feature was roughly charted in 1902 by the German Antarctic Expedition (GerAE) under Erich von Drygalski.
He named it for Dr. J. Schmidt of the Royal Prussian Ministry, who assisted in obtaining government support for the expedition.
Stephenson Glacier
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A glacier close west of Dovers Moraine on the east side of Heard Island.
Surveyed by ANARE in 1948. Named by ANCA for P.J. Stephenson, ANARE geologist on Heard Island in 1963.
Vahsel Glacier
A glacier draining west into South West Bay on the west side of Heard Island.
The feature was charted in 1902 by the GerAE under Drygalski.
He named it for Richard Vahsel, an officer on the Gauss and a member of the party that made geological investigations near Atlas Cove.
Winston Glacier
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A glacier flowing to Winston Lagoon on the southeast side of Heard Island.
Surveyed by ANARE in 1948. Named by ANCA in 1964 in association with nearby Winston Lagoon.
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