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74320059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadie%20Ciupercovici
|
Arcadie Ciupercovici
|
Arcadie Ciupercovici (born Alexandru Ciupercovici; April 14, 1823 [O.S.]–March 5, 1902) was an ethnic Romanian Orthodox cleric from the Duchy of Bukovina in Austria-Hungary.
Born in Câmpulung Moldovenesc, his father Nicolae Ciupercă was a priest there. He attended gymnasium and the theological institute in Cernăuți, graduating in 1847, when he was ordained a priest. He served at Toporăuți (1847), Cernăuca (1848-1853), Bădeuți and Milișăuți (until 1866). That year, his wife Olimpia (née Tomiuk) died; the couple had two daughters, one of whom died young. He then entered Putna Monastery as a monk, taking the name Arcadie. Living there until 1878, he soon became hegumen, rising to archimandrite in 1874. In 1871, during his time at Putna, the first congress of Romanian students took place there. In 1873, he was part of the delegation that went to Vienna in order to ask autonomy for the Romanian Orthodox Church. From 1878 to 1880, he was an adviser to the metropolitan bishop, and was diocesan archimandrite and vicar general under Silvestru Morariu-Andrievici.
He served as Metropolitan of Bukovina and Dalmatia from 1896 until his death in Cernăuți. Perceived official injustice toward the Romanian community increased during his term; for example, in 1899, the authorities decided that one of the church's two representatives in the provincial school council had to be Ruthenian. The trend continued after his death: from 1905, five of ten advisers to the metropolitan had to be Ruthenian, the other half Romanian. He served in the Diet of Bukovina from 1874 to 1878, and again from 1896 to 1902. He was in the House of Deputies in Vienna from 1885 to 1891, joining the Austrian House of Lords in 1896.
| 1.921875
| 0
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74321665
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert%20abuse%20in%20the%202020s
|
Concert abuse in the 2020s
|
Concert abuse is a phenomenon attributed to the loss of concert etiquette between the audience and the performer. It has a long history, but experienced a resurgence in the 2020s decade after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns were lifted and audiences began to return and attend live concerts again. After social distancing began to dissipate in 2021, multiple performing artists became the victims of fan misbehaviour.
Incidents include the cancellation of a concert and loss of ten lives in two separate events in October and November 2021 at the NRG Arena. Bad fan behaviour has interfered with the performances of artists such as Dua Lipa, Harry Styles, Lady Gaga, Justin Bieber, Coldplay, the Killers, Miley Cyrus, Rubén Albarrán, Gerard Way, Maroon 5, Mac DeMarco, and Rosalía, among others. Artists have criticised fans for their lack of concert etiquette which endangers performers. Billie Eilish, Finneas O'Connell, Jason Derulo, Charlie Puth, Kelly Hansen, Tim McGraw, Chappell Roan, and John Mayer have all condemned the behaviour.
The occupational hazards of performing on stage have been known since at least the 1760s, with historical spikes increasing in the 1950s. The post-pandemic decline in concert etiquette and rise in concert abuse in the 2020s is variously attributed to the effects of lockdowns, social media, misogyny, status symbolification, and artists' own on-stage behaviour.
Background
| 2.03125
| 0
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74322867
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampfschwimmerkommando%2018
|
Kampfschwimmerkommando 18
|
Kampfschwimmerkommando 18 (), or KSK-18, was a naval special warfare unit in the Volksmarine that specialized in amphibious warfare, clandestine operation, commando style raids, defusing and disposal of naval mine or various types of bombs, irregular warfare, marine salvage, maritime search and rescue, naval special warfare operations, personal security for high-ranking Volksmarine officers and government dignitaries visiting the naval base area, providing security at naval base or shore stations, special reconnaissance, tactical combat diving, and underwater demolition.
Before the unit was demobilized, it was known to have 100 divers in its ranks.
History
From 1956 to early 1957, the Volksmarine had considered the possibility of creating a unit that would operate as a Frogman combat unit. The idea was known to be backed by Vizeadmiral Heinz Neukirchen.
KSK-18 was formed on April 1, 1957, after a group of experienced divers from the Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik demonstrated frogman tactics. Additional recruits were selected from a local boxing club in Rostock.
Among those chosen to serve was Kurt Klingbeil, who also became the unit's first commanding officer and led the unit from Dänholm as the Special Diving Group (SDG). Dänholm was chosen since the Volksmarine's Salvage and Rescue Service was located there. On June 15, 1959, SDF was renamed as the Special Diving Command. The unit was renamed again as the KSK on January 1, 1960.
In November 1961, KSK was transferred to Kühlungsborn.
KSK was placed under the 4th Flotilla on January 1, 1962. Command authority was placed under the People's Navy Command. On December 1, 1971, number 18 was awarded to the unit and was renamed as KSK-18.
By 1980, KSK-18's tasks grew to include mining hostile shipping lanes and disarming of mines in East German territorial waters.
Between July 18 to 20 of 1983, the Kondor-class minesweeper ship Meteor was involved in combat exercises where KSK-18 divers were deployed in Rügen.
| 2.140625
| 0
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74323094
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Kashani
|
Judeo-Kashani
|
Judeo-Kashani (Hebrew:"כאשאנית יהודית") also Also known as "Kashi", is a subvariety of Judeo-Iranian spoken by the Jews of Kashan (Kāšān). Diachronically, Judeo-Kashani is a Median language, belonging to the Kashanic branch of the Central Plateau Language Group spoken across Central Iran.
Judeo-Kashani is distinct from Persian (and Judeo-Persian for that matter) and bears typological similarity to the varieties spoken by Jewish communities in other cities such as Hamadan and Isfahan. Owing to the quick disappearance of the Jewish community from Kashan in the mid-twentieth century, Judeo-Kashani is only spoken by elder Kashani Jewish immigrants in North America and Israel, and it is moribund.
Kashani Jews currently use Persian as their native language. Those in diaspora are exposed to English in North America and Hebrew in Israel, to which new generations are shifting. The Jewish community of Kashan, like other Persian Jews., historically (until the 1930s) wrote in Judeo-Persian for religious, literary, and economic purposes. Judeo-Persian is simply the Persian language written in Hebrew script; it should not therefore be confused with Judeo-Kashani, which belongs to the Median branch of Iranian languages
The term Jidi was the endomic name of Judeo-Kashani; this term has nothing to do with Judeo-Persian (a confusion practiced by various authoritative references, including Ethnologue).
| 2.375
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74323094
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Kashani
|
Judeo-Kashani
|
History
Nearly all of the cities in central Iran, including Kashan, had sizable Jewish populations before the mid-twentieth century, and these populations spoke their own varieties distinct from their non-Jewish, Persian-speaking neighbors. For example, while the Persian gloss for cat is gorbeh, the corresponding gloss in Judeo-Kashani is mel, which is identical to the glosses in Judeo-Isfahani and Judeo-Hamedani. The similarities between Judeo-Kashani, Judeo-Isfahani, and Judeo-Hamedani, and their differences from Persian, can be explained by the extensive historical contact and ties between the Jewish communities in Central Iran.
Following the mass emigration of Jews from Central Iran to Tehran and abroad, the Jewish population of Kashan dropped drastically from thousands in the 1940s to being gone by the end of the twentieth century. Now, Judeo-Kashani is only spoken by elder Kashani Jewish immigrants in North America and Israel, and it is moribund. According to Dr. Habib Borjian, a specialist in Iranian dialects and languages such as Judeo-Kashani, there are only dozens of Judeo-Kashani speakers, and with its speakers dispersed and opportunities to use it lost, Judeo-Kashani is close to completely vanishing. Most speakers now live in Israel or the United States, and they have shifted to using standard Persian or the dominant languages local to where they live. To document Judeo-Kashani and other endangered Jewish languages of Iran, organizations like the Endangered Language Alliance and the Jewish Language Project are working to film speakers and preserve their linguistic traditions.
| 2.71875
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74323105
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Savoy
|
History of Savoy
|
During the Quaternary period, the Alps experienced periods of glacial flooding and recession. With the last advances of the Würm glaciation, the various traces disappeared. However, one site was spared, enabling the discovery of ancient traces of human presence in this region in a cave in the commune of Onnion, in the present-day département of Haute-Savoie. Located at an altitude of 1,900 m, in the cliffs of the Rocher Blanc, the Baré cave was the subject of several excavation campaigns in the 1950s. They uncovered flint tools and bones belonging to several animal species over a period ranging from 70,000 to 30,000 BC. Some examples are the bear and the cave lion, but also species still present such as the boreal lynx, the brown bear, the wolf, the fox, the badger, the marten, the red deer, the ibex, the chamois, the European hare, the marmot. Since 2013, the cave has been walled off to protect access and preserve the site.
The Rhône glacier, at the end of the last ice age, opened up Lake Geneva around 18,000/15,000 B.C. Between 15,000 and 6,000 B.C., excavations in the 19th and 20th centuries have attested to the presence of seasonal hunters. There are deposits from the Magdalenian, Azilian and Mesolithic periods. These reindeer and then deer hunters were present in the foreland (around 600 m altitude). At the foot of the Salève, in Étrembières near Geneva, the first Paleolithic work of art was found in 1843 and immediately recognized. There are caves or shelters at Musièges and La Balme-de-Thuy, Haute-Savoie, Saint-Thibaud-de-Couz and Saint-Christophe in Savoie, dating back between 13,000 and 6,000 years.
| 3.03125
| 0
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74323105
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Savoy
|
History of Savoy
|
The political elites, whether members of parliament or local figures, have never really been interested in this debate. However, the recurrence of the question of a Savoy region since the 1970s has forced them to come up with some answers. In 1983, the two Savoy departmental councils created the Entente régionale de Savoy, a supra-departmental public body responsible for promoting local tourism and heritage, promoting local products (the Savoy brand), managing subsidies for the University of Savoy and supporting cultural associations (including the Orchestre des Pays de Savoy). In 1999, following the emergence and apogee of the Ligue savoisienne movement, the structure attempted to counter this pro-independence breakthrough by evolving the Entente and creating the Assemblée des Pays de Savoy in 2001.
In summer 2014, during the debate on the bill on the delimitation of regions, regional and departmental elections and modifying the electoral calendar, Savoy deputy and General Council president Hervé Gaymard, supported by his Haute-Savoy counterpart Christian Monteil, proposed an amendment that would enable the creation of a Savoy-Mont-Blanc territorial authority. The project was rejected. However, on July 8, 2016, the "Assemblée des Pays de Savoy" became the "Conseil Savoy Mont Blanc", with a new visual identity.
| 2.109375
| 0
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74323231
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20%28cyber%20gang%29
|
Royal (cyber gang)
|
To move laterally across the network, Royal actors frequently use RDP. They have also been known to use Microsoft Sysinternals tool PsExec for this purpose. In some instances, they exploit remote monitoring and management (RMM) software like AnyDesk, LogMeIn, and Atera for persistence within the victim's network. These actors have even escalated their access to the domain controller, where they deactivate antivirus protocols by modifying Group Policy Objects.
During exfiltration, Royal actors repurpose legitimate cyber pentesting tools such as Cobalt Strike, as well as malware tools like Ursnif/Gozi, to aggregate and exfiltrate data from victim networks. It has been noted that their initial hop in exfiltration and other operations often involves a U.S. IP address. Notably, a tool repository used by Royal was identified at IP: 94.232.41[.]105 in December 2022, which included Cobalt Strike.
Before initiating the encryption process, Royal actors employ certain techniques. They use the Windows Restart Manager to check if targeted files are in use or blocked by other applications. Additionally, they use the Windows Volume Shadow Copy service (vssadmin.exe) to delete shadow copies, preventing system recovery. The FBI has discovered numerous batch (.bat) files on impacted systems, typically transferred as an encrypted 7zip file. These batch files create a new admin user, force a group policy update, set relevant registry keys to auto-extract, execute the ransomware, monitor the encryption process, and ultimately delete files upon completion, including Application, System, and Security event logs.
History
The gang has been active since January 2022 and was initially known as "Zeon" before rebranding as "Royal".
In September 2022, it gained attention among cybersecurity researchers after a news site published an article about the group's targeted attack campaigns using callback phishing techniques.
| 1.976563
| 0
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74323564
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20City%20of%20Luoyang
|
Old City of Luoyang
|
The Old City of Luoyang is a site located 15 kilometers east of the urban area of modern Luoyang. It was the capital of the Northern Wei dynasty. Emperor Yang of Sui rebuilt the city in 605. The Old City was listed as major cultural heritage sites under national-level protection in 1961, and as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 2014, as one part of the larger Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor designation.
Current status and archaeological activity
The existing structure and layout of the Old City is essentially left over from the Northern Wei dynasty, with a length of 10km from east to west and 7.5km from north to south. The total area is about 75 square kilometers. The existing important relics mainly include: the Northern Wei-era inner city wall (that is, Luoyang during the Han, Wei and Jin), the outer Guocheng City of the Northern Wei, Gongcheng, Jinyong, Yongning Temple and the base of the Yongning Temple Tower, Taiji Hall, Changhe Gate, Taixue of the Eastern Han, Mingtang, Biyong, Lingtai, Eastern Han Cemetery, Northern Wei Dashi, Rented Cattle and Horse Market, Eastern Han Prisoner's Cemetery, etc., and unearthed a large number of cultural relics, including ceramics, clay statues, iron wares, copper coins (ware), gold and silver wares.
| 2.484375
| 0
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74323605
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahar%20ben%20Abdelhak%20Fennish
|
Tahar ben Abdelhak Fennish
|
Tahar ben Abdelhak Fennish was a Moroccan diplomat.
Career
After a tenure as the Sultan's ambassador to London starting in 1773, Fennish was appointed as Morocco's ambassador to the Netherlands and subsequently France in 1777.
His diplomatic duties involved navigating a conflict between Morocco and France over captive disputes, triggered by the sinking of a French ship, La Louise, near Boujdour in 1775. The Sultan assigned Fennish to negotiate the captives' release, leading him to Paris in 1778, where he interacted with King Louis XVI. Successful talks led to mutual recognition of titles between Morocco and France.
Concurrently, Fennish played a crucial role in securing the Treaty of Friendship and Amity with the newly independent United States of America. His duties also included discussions with American officials Thomas Barclay and Thomas Jefferson.
Fennish, a caid and commander of the Moroccan artillery, was noted for his diplomatic acumen, pivotal in fostering international relations for Morocco during this period.
| 2.3125
| 0
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74323704
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20agouti
|
Brown agouti
|
The brown agouti (Dasyprocta variegata) is a species of agouti in the family Dasyproctidae that is native to portions of central or southeastern Peru, east to western Brazil (specifically within the administrative divisions of Acre, Amazonas, and Rondônia), south to a strip of Bolivia. It was originally regarded as conspecific with the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata), but revised as distinct.
The brown agouti has an orange-brown body, with an average length of 61 cm (24.01 in), and a weight of 1.8 kg (3.96 lbs). Dark head, rump, and midline of the back. Peruvian individuals have a fairly different and distinctive coloration (see text below). The species is commonly preyed upon by the South American jaguar.
The brown agouti is known to reside near Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) in forested cover, and around gardens, or plantations.
Taxonomy
The brown agouti was previously regarded as a subspecies of the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata), but has now been elevated to species status, for multivariate statistical analysis and morphological differences have revealed such. Although there is evidence for a species elevation, most authorities still list it as a subspecies. It is distinct from the Central American agouti by having an orange-colored body, whilst the Central American agouti has a reddish-brown to a yellowish-brown, or even a yellowish-grey colored body depending on the subspecies. It also differs by having a darker head, midline of the back, and occasionally a darker rump. Individuals in Peru have been said to be "black-frosted with white and yellow" colorations. Skull size and general structure are also different in both species.
Its range is extremely disputed, for some believe its southern extent lies in northern Bolivia, although a part of a similar species, Azara's agouti (Dasyprocta azarae) in northern Argentina, central Bolivia, and western Paraguay has been shown to be populations of the brown agouti.
| 2.546875
| 0
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74324308
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kotla%20Begum%20%281710%29
|
Siege of Kotla Begum (1710)
|
The siege of Kotla Begum was fought in September 1710 between the Sikh forces and Mughal forces led by Mir Mohammad.
Background
After Banda Singh Bahadur's return from the Battle of Saharanpur, the Muslims of the Lahore province started a jihad against the Sikhs. Thousands of Muslims gathered with a large green flag which was called the Haidri Jhanda (Flag of Haidar). First a Sikh contingent hid in a fort in the village of Bharath. The Sikhs after a long fight repulsed this party of Muslims and escaped. After this, the Muslims got news about a party of Sikhs numbering 700 at Kotla Begum Fort and planned to besiege them.
Siege
When the Mughals arrived at the fort, the Sikhs immediately attacked them and a fierce battle ensued. When the battle escalated into a sword fight, the Mughals began taking heavy losses and decided to retreat. Instead of pursuing the retreating Mughals, the Sikhs decided to plunder the remains of battle materials left behind by the Mughals and tend to their wounded.
Aftermath
The Mughals, disappointed by their defeat put up camp at night in village Bhilowal. The Sikhs attacked them and inflicted further heavy losses.
| 2.4375
| 0
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74324378
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly%20Holley-Bockelmann
|
Kelly Holley-Bockelmann
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J. Kelly Holley-Bockelmann is an American astrophysicist who holds the position of Stevenson Professor of Physics at Vanderbilt University. She is currently the chair of NASA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Study Team and the chair of NASA's Astrophysics Advisory Committee. Holley-Bockelmann is also known for her efforts to increase diversity in STEM education, particularly for her work as the director of the Fisk-Vanderbilt Bridge Program.
Early life and education
Holley-Bockelmann became interested in astronomy during her childhood in Montana, where she spent evenings lying on the ground and looking up at the Milky Way. She has said she wanted to be an astronomer before she knew what an astronomer was.
Holley-Bockelmann obtained her undergraduate degree in physics from Montana State University in 1993. She completed her master's degree at the University of Michigan and obtained her PhD in astronomy from the University of Michigan in 1999.
Research and career
After earning her doctorate, Holley-Bockelmann held positions as a postdoctoral fellow at Case Western Reserve University, the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and the Center of Gravitational Wave Physics at Pennsylvania State University. Her research during this time focused heavily on simulations of galaxies, black holes, and gravitational-wave science.
Following her fellowships, Holley-Bockelmann was appointed a faculty member at Vanderbilt University in 2007. In 2023, she led the founding of the Establishing Multimessenger Astronomy Inclusive Training (EMIT) program at Vanderbilt University, which was the United States' first graduate certificate program in multi-messenger astronomy.
In 2017, Holley-Bockelmann was appointed the chair of NASA's study team for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), a joint mission between NASA and the European Space Agency. In October 2022, she was appointed the chair of NASA's Astrophysics Advisory Committee.
| 2.15625
| 0
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74324750
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite%20de%20Saint-Marceaux
|
Marguerite de Saint-Marceaux
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Lucie Frederica Marguerite "Meg" de Paul de Saint-Marceaux (née Jourdain; 9 May 1850 – 23 February 1930), formerly Baugnies, was a French salonnière, arts patron, diarist, and amateur pianist and opera singer. She was celebrated for her salons, where she hosted intellectual and artistic masters including Marcel Proust, Colette, Giovanni Boldini, Maurice Ravel, Isadora Duncan, and Gabriel Fauré. A number of musical works were premiered at her salons, including excerpts of Claude Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande and Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune and Fauré's Mandoline from Cinq mélodies "de Venise". Fauré, who was a close friend of de Saint-Marceaux, dedicated two of his works, Trois mélodies, Op. 7 and Nocturne No. 1 in E♭ minor, Op. 33/1, to her. In 1903, she was hired by Alfred Cortot to sing in the choir for Richard Wagner's Parsifal at the Société des Concerts.
Early life
Marguerite de Saint-Marceaux was born Lucie Frederica Marguerite Jourdain on 9 May 1850 in Louviers, into a prominent family of drapers. Her father was Frédéric-Joseph Jourdain. She was the half-sister of the painter Roger Joseph Jourdain. De Saint-Marceaux received an extensive musical education from Antoine François Marmontel and Romain Bussine, among others.
Marriages
As a young woman, de Saint-Marceaux was courted by the composer Camille Saint-Saëns, who asked for her hand in marriage, but her family demanded she refuse him due to his rather Bohemian situation.
She was introduced to the visual arts scene in the 1860s by her half-brother and, in 1870, she married the painter Eugène Baugnies. She gave birth to three sons with Baugnies: Georges, Jacques, and Jean. In 1875, the architect Jules Février completed the construction of the Baugnies' mansion at 100 Boulevard Malesherbes, near Parc Monceau in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.
| 1.976563
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74324750
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite%20de%20Saint-Marceaux
|
Marguerite de Saint-Marceaux
|
Upon the death of her husband, de Saint-Marceaux inherited a large fortune. In 1892, she married the sculptor Charles René de Paul de Saint-Marceaux. Her second husband's family were part of the French nobility descended from the Lords of Saint-Marceaux. Her husband's grandfather, Augustin de Saint-Marceaux, served as mayor of Reims. Her husband adopted her three sons, who then took on the surname "Baugnies de Paul de Saint-Marceaux".
Salons and artistic patronages
De Saint-Marceaux became a celebrated salonnière in the 1880s up until the outbreak of World War I, hosting musical and artistic salons at her Malesherbes mansion, where she invited painters, writers, and musicians to mingle with aristocrats and other members of the Parisian upper class. Her salons, considered very informal and Bohemian, were on Friday evenings and full evening dress was prohibited. She also hosted Les gens du monde, or fashionable people including politicians and diplomats, at formal dinners on Thursdays. Her salons were frequented by Colette, Henry Gauthier-Villars, Marcel Proust, Alfred Cortot, Jeanne de Montagnac, Maximilian von Jaunez, Florent Schmitt, Henry Février, Jacques Février, André Messager, Giovanni Boldini, Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy, Reynaldo Hahn, Gabriel Fauré, Georges Clairin, Charles Koechlin, and Jacques-Émile Blanche. Her salons were described in the correspondence and writings of various attendees including Fauré, Ravel, Schmitt, Koechlin, Messager, Hahn, Cortot, Proust, Colette, and Gauthier-Villars.
| 2.28125
| 0
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74324780
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocynum%20pictum
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Apocynum pictum
|
Apocynum pictum is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae family. It is native to
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Tajikistan. Alexander von Schrenk, the naturalist who first formally described the species, named it after colored ( in Latin) flowers.
Description
It is a perennial herbaceous plant reaching 2 meters in height. Its young, light green branches are covered in soft hairs but become hairless with age. The oblong, egg-shaped, alternating leaves are 1.5–6 by 0.2–2.3 centimeters. The leaves are slightly rough. The tips of the leaves come to gradual tip, and the bases are wedge-shaped. The leaves' margins have dense, minute rounded teeth. Its petioles are 2–5 cm long. Its inflorescences occur at the ends of stems and branches. Each inflorescence has numerous flowers. Each flower is on a pedicel that is 4–5 millimeters long. The arched, recurved pedicels are densely covered in short, white hairs. The pedicels have lance-shaped bracts that are 2–3 millimeters long. Its flowers have oval to triangular sepals that are 1.5–4 millimeters long. Its petals form a basin-shaped tube that are 2.5–7 millimeters long with pink to purplish-red lobes that have distinct darker patterning. The lobes of the flower are triangular and come to a long, gradual point. Its narrow, pendulous, hairless fruit are 10–30 by 3–4 millimeters. The oval, brown seeds are 4–5 by 0.5–1 millimeters that are tufted with 1.5–2.5 centimeters long yellow hairs.
Reproductive biology
The pollen of Apocynum pictum is shed as permanent tetrads.
Distribution and habitat
It has been observed growing in sandy, silty soils along streams and rivers and at desert margins.
Uses
It has been recorded as being used in central Asia as a textile fiber, and in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a tea for hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
| 2.828125
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74324826
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngela%20Mar%C3%ADa%20de%20la%20Concepci%C3%B3n
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Ángela María de la Concepción
|
Ángela María de la Concepción (Cantalapiedra, March 1, 1649 - El Toboso, April 19, 1690) was a Spanish Trinitarian nun, mystical writer, and reformer. She was the founder of the and of the .
Early life
Ángela María was born in the Salamanca town of Cantalapiedra on March 1, 1649, the daughter of Alonso Tabares and María Martínez Santo. At thirteen years of age, after a general confession, she made a vow of virginity and to become a religious. She fulfilled this when she turned 21, entering the Convento de Las Descalzas Reales in Valladolid, but had to withdraw due to an unspecified disease.
When Ángela María recovered from her illness, for unknown reasons, she did not return to the monastery of the Carmelites, but rather, she entered the Convent of the Trinitarian Sisters of Medina del Campo, Valladolid. During her novitiate, she endeavored to fulfill the requirements demanded by the religious order: progress in humility, in the spirit of prayer, in obedience, and in mortification.
Founder
After nine years of being professed, Ángela María felt the call from God to start the Trinitarian religious community. This was in the time of the reforms of the religious orders in Spain, marked by the postulants of the Council of Trent, which tried to live a life more in keeping with the spirit of the religious origins. Thus, Ángela María took charge as prioress of the establishment of the Monasterio de las trinitarias of El Toboso, one of the most important centers in La Mancha. Along with eleven other nuns, she wore the habit of recollection in the convent of the Trinitarian Recollects on May 20, 1680.
On June 10, 1681, the first Trinitarian Recollects professed their vows. It is there that Ángela María added the religious name of "La Concepción". Three years later, on February 22, 1685, Pope Innocent XI approved the Constitutions of the Trinitarian Recollection.
| 2.171875
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74325039
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelesperma%20subnudum
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Thelesperma subnudum
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Thelesperma subnudum, commonly known as Navajo tea, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found from west central Canada to central United States. It grows in openings in pinyon/juniper or yellow pine forests.
Description
Thelesperma subnudum is a perennial herb that typically grows between tall. The cauline leaves are "mostly crowded over proximal 1/4(–1/2) of plant heights". The calyculi are "of 7–9 deltate to lance-linear bractlets 2–4+ mm". There are 0 or 8 ray florets per flower head. The ray laminae are yellow, typically long. The disc corollas are yellow, sometimes with red-brown nerves. The cypselae are long.
It typically blooms from May to September.
Distribution and habitat
It is native to Alberta, Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming.
Habitat
It grows at elevations of 1000–2900 meters from sea level in openings in pinyon/juniper or yellow pine forests.
Uses
The Navajo have used the flower to produce a yellow to orange dye solution for dyeing woolen yarns.
Taxonomy
Varieties
As of July 2023, Plants of the World Online has 2 varieties listed for this taxon:
Thelesperma subnudum var. subnudum – west central Canada to central United States
Thelesperma subnudum var. maliterrimum S.L.Welsh & N.D.Atwood – Utah
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74325405
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthier%20Lives
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Healthier Lives
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Research
The focus of Heathier Lives was four chronic, non-communicable diseases: cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, which together account for one third of total death and disability in New Zealand. At the time of establishment, the stated goal of Healthier Lives was to reduce the overall burden of these diseases on New Zealand's health system by 25% by the year 2025. At the halfway point HLNSC underwent a public consultation process and a research review by six international scientists to develop its 2019–2014 research strategy. This strategy addressed three areas: precision medicine for cancer and cardiovascular disease; culturally-centred health programmes for Māori and Pasifika; and healthy food and physical activity environments. The use of big and linked data to answer health questions was also a focus of research. At the end of the review, MBIE commented that HLNSC had "developed exemplary methods of community engagement, and has co-created 40% of its research with stakeholders, which means implementation of research is more likely."
New Zealand has significant health inequities, with Māori having 1.8 times higher rates of cardiovascular disease mortality than non-Māori, and Pasifika 9.1 times the mortality rates of Pākehā from type 2 diabetes. Māori life expectancy is seven years shorter than Pākehā, and Pasifika six years; the life expectancy gap is not closing for Pasifika and increasing rates of diabetes means it is likely to widen. After consultation and hui with Māori and Pacific community leaders and researchers, Heathier Lives funded research to reduce health inequities: co-designed and community-led healthcare programmes; an Implementation Network to assist the uptake of these research programmes; and initiatives to create systemic change in the New Zealand health system to support equitable outcomes from new programmes.
Precision medicine
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74325405
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthier%20Lives
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Healthier Lives
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Healthier Lives supported the development of precision medicine techniques, for example using tumour-derived DNA circulating in the blood (ctDNA). Parry Guilford and Cris Print developed sensitive ctDNA assays for colorectal cancer and melanoma, both prevalent in New Zealand, and the technology is being applied to breast, stomach, lung, prostate and neuroendocrine cancers to detect early relapse and allow timely treatment.
A study led by Rod Jackson created new and more accurate equations for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. The clinical study of 400,000 New Zealanders aged 30–74 revealed differences in risk from socioeconomic factors and ethnicity: Māori, Pacific, and Indian patients had a 13–48% greater risk of cardiovascular disease than Pākehā, but Chinese and other Asian New Zealanders had a 25–33% lower risk. The research replaced risk prediction equations developed from a much earlier US study of just 5,000 people which significantly overestimated risk for the healthy majority, while underestimating risk factors in others, potentially leading to under-treatment of vulnerable, high-risk groups. The Ministry of Health adopted the new equations into its 2018 guidelines and issued a new data standard, which was incorporated into MedTech, the medical records system widely used by New Zealand GPs.
Another approach to predicting risk of cardiovascular disease was developed by a team led by Greg T. Jones using epigenetics: reversible changes to DNA from environmental factors such as smoking. One type of epigenetic change, DNA methylation, can be altered by cardiovascular disease. Jones's team developed a risk model based on DNA methylation profiles of people with heart disease, combined with genetic markers and known risk factors.
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74325405
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthier%20Lives
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Healthier Lives
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Culturally-centred Māori and Pasifika health programmes
Research led by Nina Scott, John Oetzel, and Bridgette Masters-Awatere in partnership with Māori health providers Te Kōhao Health and Poutiri Charitable Trust developed a set of guidelines for health interventions with Māori communities – the He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework –based on building relationships and co-designing the way health interventions are carried out. The Framework was used to co-design two health programmes, one targeting Māori men at risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity, and the other, Kimi Ora, a healthy lifestyle intervention.
Te Kāika DiRECT, a randomised controlled trial of 40 participants, most Māori or Pasifika, with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, examined the effectiveness of a total three-month meal replacement regime and behavioural support for weight loss; the results suggested it was a non-surgical alternative to a solely dietitian-supported care programme. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pasifika is twice that of Pākehā, and two studies addressed this. One qualitative study, the Pasifika Prediabetes Youth Empowerment Programme (PPYEP) worked with Pasifika youth and adults to reduce risk factors for prediabetes. Another community-led study, Oire Tokoroa, successfully worked with 20 families in the Pacific community in Tokoroa to help those with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes make healthier lifestyle choices, including developing a cookbook.
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74325405
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthier%20Lives
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Healthier Lives
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Healthy foods and physical activity
Research by Andrew Reynolds and colleagues established the evidence for the health benefits of increasing dietary fibre and replacing refined grains with whole grains. Their work also supported the importance of replacing trans fats and saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats, plant monounsaturated fats, and slowly-digested carbohydrates in one's diet to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. These findings contributed to updated European guidelines for dietary management of diabetes, including the possibility of reversing type 2 diabetes through weight loss, and World Health Organization guidelines on dietary carbohydrate and fat.
Research led by Cristina Cleghorn found that a New Zealand version of a sustainable healthy diet (based on the EAT-Lancet Commission planetary health diet), when modelled, was no more expensive than current diets, halved associated greenhouse gas emissions, and provided large health gains, cost savings and reductions in ethnic health inequities. Collaborative research with the Our Land and Water National Science Challenge modelled the changes in New Zealand land use that would produce food for this optimised healthy diet, and found that it would be possible to feed all New Zealanders while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and freshwater contamination, as well as minimising the financial impact on families and farmers. Related research led by Andrew Reynolds modelled five scenarios for replacing red meat in the New Zealand diet and found significant benefits associated with all of them.
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74325497
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande%20Sure
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Grande Sure
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The Grande Sure () is a mountain in the French department of Isère, rising to an altitude of 1,920 meters in the Chartreuse mountain chain, in the Alps, overlooking the . Located on the western border of the mountain chain, it is composed of Fontanil limestone. It can be climbed from the eastern side via the mountain pass via the mountain pass, or from the mountain pass via the western side, which is more strenuous and has a higher difficulty. This mountain is part of the Chartreuse Regional Nature Park as well as a natural zone of ecological, faunistic and floristic interest. The species of the chamois () is particularly present in steep parts of the alpine tundra.
Toponymy
Sure, like Suretta, means "mountain, heap, pile". This word roots from the umbrian surum. The origin would be common with thur and thura, in which the th, far from being an occlusive consonant, is a fricative one, along with turraz, tuglia and tauern. In the case of the latter, as in High Tauern or Lower Tauern, taur would mean "mountain", but also "mountain pass" and would have originated from Slavic languages, where tur signifies a height, a hill. If the Grande and Petite Vache's mountain passes or even if the Valley des Veaux, could indicate a long-established presence of mountain livestock breeding, the explanation according to which Sure derives from the chtiure or stiure, regionalism for "goat" would appear very unlikely.
The Grande Vache pastures and the valley are shown on the Cassini map, but it wasn't until the 18th-century maps that the were mentioned, with an altitude of 1,924 meters. The Brittany-born Antonin Macé, who had become a professor of history at Grenoble University, published a series of articles, particularly in the , mentioning in 1860.
Geography
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74325520
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etheirophoraceae
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Etheirophoraceae
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Description
Fungal members of Etheirophoraceae have a sexual morph that has an ascomata (fruiting body) that is subglobose to globose or pyriform (pear-like), in shape and light brown to dark brown or black in colour. It is immersed (underwater), oblique or vertical to the host surface, clypeate (covered with a shield-like growth), coriaceous (leather-like, stiff but flexible), ostiolate (having an ostiole, a small hole or opening), periphysate (having short, thread-like filaments that line the opening) and papillate (covered with papillae, small growths). The peridium is composed of several layers of brown to dark brown cell layers of 'textura angularis' (a parenchyma-like tissue of very densely packed cells that appear angular in cross section). The paraphyses (supporting structures) are numerous, mostly unbranched and attached to the apex of the ascomatal cavity. They are embedded in a gelatinous matrix. They have an asci that is 8- spored, unitunicate ('single-walled'), cylindrical to oblong in shape, pedicellate (having a small stalk used to support other structures), J− and persistent. The ascospores are 1–2-seriate (arranged in rows), hyaline (transparent,glass-like) and ellipsoidal in shape. They have 1 to many septate (partitions), constricted at the septa, with a filamentous appendage at one or both ends. The appendages are bristle-like, origin undetermined. The asexual morph is yet undetermined (adapted from Jones et al. 2014).
Distribution
It has a scattered marine distribution, within the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and the Baltic Sea. They have also been found near Australia, near Belize. in the Gulf of Mexico, near South Africa, near India, and in the South China Sea, near Hong Kong.
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74325546
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith-Based%20Violence%20and%20Deobandi%20Militancy%20in%20Pakistan
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Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan
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An entire chapter is dedicated to examining the intersectionality of faith, gender, and ethnicity in relation to faith-based violence experienced by women from different religious backgrounds. It focuses on specific communities, such as the Hazara Shia community of Quetta, and sheds light on targeted killings of Sunni, Shia, Sufi, and Ahmadi communities throughout the country.
Another chapter addresses the plight of Christians in Pakistan, emphasizing the challenges they face reconciling their religious beliefs with Islamic extremism, which often leads to persecution and various forms of violence.
Chapters eight to thirteen present case studies and real-life references that shed light on Islamist violence against various groups in the South Asian region. These chapters explore the persecution of Ahmadis and Barelvis, raising questions about the extent of Sunni Sufi or Barelvi extremism and its resulting militancy.
Chapters fourteen to eighteen discuss violence and extremism targeting Muslims residing in Western countries. They examine the issue of Islamophobia faced by Muslims in the United States of America (USA) and the homogenization of British Islam, which has led to extremist strains within the Sunni Muslim community.
The concluding chapter critically evaluates Pakistan's counterterrorism strategy, emphasizing the role of Shariah principles in shaping the legal system of an Islamic state.
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74325897
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primorje%20%28medieval%20%C5%BEupa%29
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Primorje (medieval župa)
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Primorje was a župa in Hum zemlja, encompassing most of Bosansko Primorje, with the center in Slano. Župa was a part of the Bosnian medieval state from 1326 to 1399. The župa had a northwestern border with the župa of Žaba, the northeastern border with župa Popovo, southeast with Dubrovnik, in the southwest it is the Adriatic Sea and Stonska prevlaka (Isthmus of Ston). Recognizable features are Rijeka Dubrovačka, Zaton, Gruž, Islands (Elifati) and Slansko primorje. At the time of Bosnian rule, the most important magnates in this area were the Sanković family until their fall in 1404.
In 1399, King Ostoja sold the coast from Kuril to Ston () to the people of Dubrovnik, and thus also the župa of Primorje. Later, the king of Ostoja fought a war with Dubrovnik in 1403-1404 because of this, but he could not recover what he had ceded. This was confirmed by the peace of Bosnia and Dubrovnik in 1405. However, the village of Lisac in the župa Primorje remained a controversial issue for the foreseeable future, which was raised by the Bosnian Duke Sandalj.
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74326228
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar%20Surface%20Magnetometer
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Lunar Surface Magnetometer
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Apollo 12
The first LSM was fully deployed and activated on the Moon at 14:40 UTC November 19, 1969, by astronauts Charles Conrad and Alan Bean, within the Oceanus Procellarum. In the selenographic coordinate system, the instrument was located at 23.35W and 2.97S. The instrument returned the first measurements of a magnetic field intrinsic to the Moon, rather than induced by the solar wind. The instruments detected a field strength of 32-36 nanotesla that was likely produced mainly by a nearby localised magnetised body, between and from the magnetometer. This was due to constraints on the lunar magnetic dipole strength due to measurements made simultaneously by Explorer 35, and the ruling out of other artificial sources due to their size. The instrument likely detected a field effect caused by the hydromagnetic flow of the solar wind as it passed the Moon.
Apollo 16
While the instrument carried on Apollo 16 was similar to that on Apollo 12, its sensors were upgraded with high stability cores developed by the Naval Ordnance Laboratory.
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74326774
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idyll%20XXI
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Idyll XXI
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Idyll XXI, also called Ἁλιεῖς ('The Fisherman'), is a poem traditionally attributed to the 3rd century BC Greek poet Theocritus. After some verses addressed to Diophantus, a friend about whom nothing is known, the poet describes the toilsome life of two old fishermen. One of them has dreamed of catching a golden fish, and has sworn, in his dream, never again to tempt the sea. The other reminds him that his oath is as empty as his vision, and that he must angle for common fish, if he is not starve among his golden dreams.
Summary
The poet begins with a dedication in the manner of Idyll XI, and passes quickly to his story. Two fishermen lie awake at night in their cabin on the shore, and one of them tells a dream he has just had of the catching of a golden fish. He asks his friend what the dream may mean, for he fears he may have to break his dream-oath that he would be a fisherman no longer. To this the friend replies that it was no oath he took, and that the moral of the dream is that his only wealth is the sea.
Analysis
Many considerations go to show that the traditional ascription of the poem to Theocritus is mistaken. Andrew Lang thinks the idyll is "corrupt beyond hope of certain correction".
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74327465
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-traveler%20UFO%20hypothesis
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Time-traveler UFO hypothesis
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Similarly to how the extraterrestrial hypothesis represents a potential solution to Fermi's paradox, the time-traveler hypothesis provides an alternative explanation for the absence of future time travelers. In an interview with Nova on PBS, astrophysicist and skeptic Carl Sagan stated that there's a possibility that time travelers from the future are already here and we simply don't have the means or the knowledge to recognize them as such, or have other names for them, such as "UFOs or ghosts or hobgoblins or fairies" and that he doesn't think "that the fact that we're not obviously being visited by time travelers shows that time travel is impossible."
Criticism
The time-traveler hypothesis is considered pseudoscientific. American astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson has referred to the hypothesis as illogic. UFO skeptic Robert Sheaffer criticized Masters' work because it relies on "the belief that time travel is not only possible, but real."
British astronomer and science writer David J. Darling has stated that the extraterrestrial hypothesis and the time-travel hypothesis are equally reasonable yet highly unlikely and unnecessary and that, although certain aerial phenomena have indeed eluded identification, there is no apparent reason to justify the claim that they're artificial and/or not of this world. Furthermore, he added that "if some UFOs are 'alien' craft, it's just as reasonable to suppose that they might be time machines from our own future than that they're spacecraft from other stars. The problem is the 'if.' (...) Outside of the popular mythos of flying saucers and archetypal, big-brained aliens, there's precious little credible evidence that they exist. So, my issue with the (Masters') book is not the ingenuity of its thesis, but the fact that there's really no need for such a thesis in the first place."
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74327620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination%20of%20Empress%20Myeongseong
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Assassination of Empress Myeongseong
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Around 6a.m. on 8 October 1895, Queen Min, the consort of the Korean monarch Gojong, was assassinated by a group of Japanese agents under Miura Gorō. After her death, she was posthumously given the title of "Empress Myeongseong". The attack happened at the royal palace Gyeongbokgung in Seoul, Joseon. This incident is known in Korea as the Eulmi Incident.
By the time of her death, the queen had acquired arguably more political power than even her husband. Through this process, she made many enemies and escaped a number of assassination attempts. Among her opponents were the king's father the Heungseon Daewongun, the pro-Japanese ministers of the court, and the Korean army regiment that had been trained by Japan: the Hullyeondae. Weeks before her death, Japan replaced their emissary to Korea with a new one: Miura Gorō. Miura was a former military man who professed to being inexperienced in diplomacy, and reportedly found dealing with the powerful queen frustrating. After the queen began to align Korea with the Russian Empire to offset Japanese influence, Miura struck a deal with Adachi Kenzō of the newspaper Kanjō shinpō and the Daewongun to carry out her killing.
The agents were let into the palace by pro-Japanese Korean guards. Once inside, they beat and threatened the royal family and the occupants of the palace during their search for the queen. Women were dragged by the hair and thrown down stairs, off verandas, and out of windows. Two women suspected of being the queen were killed. When the queen was eventually located, her killer jumped on her chest three times, then cleaved her head with a sword. Some assassins looted the palace, while others covered her corpse in oil and burned it.
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74327726
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%205532
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NGC 5532
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NGC 5532 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Boötes. It is located at a distance of about 250 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5532 is about 110,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 15, 1784. It is a Fanaroff–Riley type 1 (FR1) radio galaxy.
NGC 5532 is an elliptical galaxy located in a galaxy group. In the centre of the galaxy lies a warped disk, while the isophotes display boxiness and the centre of the galaxy doesn't coincide with the isophotal centre. The core appears obstructed in X-rays, with a column density of cm−2, which is considered high for a FR1 galaxy. In the centre of the galaxy lies a supermassive black hole whose mass is estimated to be (630 millions) based on the M–sigma relation.
Two straight radio jets emerge from the galaxy core and form sharp edged lobes that appear to engulf the jets, although this could be a projection effect. The jets are typical of a Fanaroff–Riley type 1 radio galaxy, with faint bases that brighten abruptly 2.7 arcseconds from the nucleus and then the brightness gets lower at the distance from the core increases. The jet appears moving with relativistic speeds, 0.8 times the speed of light at the start of the jet. The northern jet has been observed in X-rays by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, with emission detected at distances between 2 and 10 arcseconds from the core.
NGC 5532 is located in a galaxy group that also includes the galaxy NGC 5531. NGC 5532 forms a pair with lenticular galaxy NGC 5532A, which lies at a distance of about 16 kpc. 21 galaxies have been as members of the group, lying within one megaparsec from NGC 5532.
Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 5532: SN 2007ao (type Ia-p mag. 17.7), and SN 2023omo (type Ia-91bg-like, mag. 18.3).
Gallery
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74328085
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roderick%20Smith%20%28RCAF%20officer%29
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Roderick Smith (RCAF officer)
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Later life
Returning to civilian life in June 1945, Smith studied engineering at McGill University, becoming a chartered professional engineer. During his studies he joined the RCAF Auxiliary, serving with No. 401 Squadron, later being promoted to wing commander and leading No. 411 Squadron until 1952, at which time he ended his military service. At this stage of his life, Smith was studying law at Osgoode Hall in Toronto and graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1953. Moving to Vancouver, he became a barrister and solicitor the following year and commenced practicing law, rising to become a partner at Campney Owen & Murphy by the time of his retirement in 1987.
Smith retained an interest in military affairs, attending reunions and engaging with his former adversaries in the Luftwaffe. He participated in the semi-centennial commemorations of the Siege of Malta and the D-Day landings. He worked on his memoirs but died in Vancouver on 16 April 2002 before they were completed. His memoir, which also discussed his brother Jerrold, was subsequently completed by the military aviation historian Christopher Shores and published by Grub Street as The Spitfire Smiths: A Unique Story of Brothers in Arms in 2008.
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74328343
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Biggest%20Ideas%20in%20the%20Universe
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The Biggest Ideas in the Universe
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The Biggest Ideas in the Universe: Space, Time, and Motion is a nonfiction book by American theoretical physicist Sean M. Carroll. The book, his sixth, was initially released on September 20, 2022, by Dutton.
Reception
Julia M. Klein of Johns Hopkins Magazine wrote, "There's nothing small about Johns Hopkins physicist Sean Carroll's latest undertaking. The Biggest Ideas in the Universe: Space, Time, and Motion is the first volume in an ambitious trilogy that seeks to explain physics to a popular audience—one willing to grapple with the basics of calculus and other mathematical underpinnings of the field. This book focuses on classical mechanics, including Einstein's theory of relativity..." Kirkus Reviews commented, "The author is at his best with familiar concepts such as space. Once considered an empty container for the universe, it turns out to be a turbulent phenomenon with “a life of its own.” Time is similar to space; it's part of how we locate ourselves, and we can measure it. But it's different because it seems to flow, invariably from the past to the future—although no law forbids the opposite. Gravity, energy, relativity, and the life of stars receive Carroll's enthusiastic attention, much as they did in such previous books as From Eternity to Here and Something Deeply Hidden. Despite the author's claims, however, some of the math will flummox readers. No-nonsense, not-dumbed-down explanations of basic laws of the universe that reward close attention."
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74328707
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20identity%20card%20%28Morocco%29
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National identity card (Morocco)
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Technology
The National Identity Registry is a foundational national identity system implemented alongside the card and is one of the only registries in the country which implements biometrics, making it one of the most robust in the country. It should not be confused with the World Bank financed Registre National des Populations intended for social benefits management and which covered 10 million users in 2023.
The system delivered by IDEMIA implements the OSIA standard for interoperability and iDAKTO's IDCluster platform for digital ID.
The registry registers fingerprints using a non-standard method, with 4 fingers captured flat on live scan for verifying duplicates and for quick checks, while 10 fingers captured rolled with ink then scanned for offline validation, all fingerprints are then registered on an automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS). It is unclear why the unorthodox method was chosen, but the World Bank suggests that a 10 fingers rolled printed format were requested by judicial authorities.
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74329069
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20dimorpha
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Nymphaea dimorpha
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Nymphaea dimorpha is a species of waterlily endemic to Madagascar.
Description
This species exhibits two distinctive growth forms. The submerged growth form has very thin foliage with short petioles. The emergent form has floating leaves with longer petioles.
Cytology
The chromosome count is n = 14. The genome size is 449.88 Mb.
Reproduction
Generative reproduction
Cleistogamy occurs in this species. It can produce flowers, which never open, but self-fertilise and never reach the water surface.
Habitat
It grows in pools of water among slowly flowing streams. The pools, which are darkened with organic material, are shaded by the canopy of tropical forest.
Taxonomy
Taxonomic history
This species was first described as Nymphaea minuta K.C.Landon, R.A.Edwards & Nozaic in 2006. Later, it was discovered that this was a Nomen illegitimum, as the name was preoccupied by the French fossil waterlily Nymphaea minuta Saporta described in 1890. Therefore, the new name Nymphaea dimorpha I.M.Turner was chosen in 2014.
Type specimen
The type specimen was collected in shaded rain pools beneath coastal forest near Tampolo, Madagascar in 1999.
Placement within Nymphaea
It is a member of Nymphaea subgen. Brachyceras.
Etymology
The specific epithet dimorpha references the two distinctive growth forms of this species. The prefix di- means "two", and -morph means shape.
Cultivation
It is easily cultivated and suitable for low-light conditions. In cultivation it may grow four times larger than plants observed in their natural habitat. This is due to better fertilisation. It is very sensitive to cold temperatures.
It is used in hybridisation to create new smaller waterlily cultivars.
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74329140
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezin%20Nan%20Dlo
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Tezin Nan Dlo
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The Love Story of Thézin and Zilla
In a Haitian tale titled Les amours de Thézin et de Zilla ("The Love Story of Thézin and Zilla"), Zilia, the beautiful daughter of Ménélas, turns men's heads around with her beauty and charm. This includes a silver fish named Thézin, who professes his love for the girl and they spend time together by the river margin. The girl also brings fresh water in her calabasse, but, when her brother Jean is sent to fetch water himself, the water is always muddy. One day, Jean decides to trail behind Zilia and finds her engaging with her fish lover by a rock in the river, then goes to tell their father about it. After Zilia returns, Ménélas tells the girl he is worried by her prolonged absences, but she says nothing. Some time later, when Zilia is with Thézin, the fish predicts that when three drops of blood stain a white robe, that portends that Thézin is dead. She heeds his words with concern, and goes to sell vegetables at the market. While she is occupied, her father and her brother reach the river margin, and Jean mimics his sister's voice to call out for Thézin. The fish appears to them, and Ménélas, uttering some spells, draws the fish to his sabre and kills it, staining the water with red, then returns home. Back to Zilia, she sees the drops of blood on the white robe and rushes to the river, calling out for her lover, but he does not answer. The girl then goes back home, takes a seat at the back of her house, and sings for hours, when the ground opens up and swallows her whole, leaving only a lock of her long hair.
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74329140
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezin%20Nan%20Dlo
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Tezin Nan Dlo
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Sister and Brother: Clean and Dirty Water
Linguist Robert A. Hall Jr. collected a Haitian Creole tale he titled Sister and Brother: Clean and Dirty Water. In this tale, a woman has two children, a girl and a young boy. Whenever the girl goes to fetch water, she returns with clean water, unlike her younger brother, who returns with dirty. The mother questions the boy about it, who answers his sister lets him go ahead of him, so he decides to spy on her the next time she goes to fetch water. The next day, the girl waits by the water and sends her brother ahead of her, but the boy hides behind a tree and sees his sister singing some verses to someone named Tezeng; a big fish appears to her and fills her calabash with clean water. The boy returns home and tells her mother about it, and the woman waits for her husband's returns to warn him. After he learns of the story, he plans a course of action: the girl is to be given errands to do in town (buying pepper, salt, onions, thread and anything). The next morning, the girl visits Tezeng before she goes to town, and the fish predicts that, by noon, three drops of blood will appear on her handkerchief, which will mean that Tezeng is dead. The girl rushes to town to do her errands as quickly as possible, but her father goes to the water. The girl's brother summons Tezeng, the fish, the man shoots the animal to death and kills it, then takes it home to cook it and prepare a meal for the girl. When the girl returns home from town, her mother gives her the cooked fish to eat; she goes behind the house and begins to sing, as she slowly sinks to the ground. The girl's brother alerts his mother the girl is disappearing into the ground, but the mother refuses to believe it, until she herself goes to check on her daughter, who has all but disappeared under the earth, a lock of her hair all that is left of her.
| 2.40625
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74329140
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezin%20Nan%20Dlo
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Tezin Nan Dlo
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Author and folklorist Diane Wolkstein published a Haitian tale titled Tayzanne, which she prepared for publication by combining a version from a teller named Solange at Thor, a teller named Justine at Carrefour-Dufort, and a tale published by Comhaire-Sylvain. In this tale, a girl named Velina and her brother are sent to a spring to fetch water. One day, however, when the girl goes to fetch water, her rings drops in the water. Suddenly, a silver-golden fish comes to the surface and brings back her ring. He introduces himself as Tayzanne, and offers to fill her bucket with clear, sweet water. Velina thanks the fish and goes home. This situation goes on: the girl brings fresh water, and the boy, her brother, only muddy water. Their mother advises the boy to be careful the next time. The boy still brings home muddy water and his mother scolds him. Wanting to find out how Velina finds such water, he follows her one day, and sees the girl summoning the fish by singing some verses. He returns home and tells his mother he can find fresh water if he summons Tayzanne, but the mother believes the fish is an evil spirit, then decides to see Velina's deed for herself. Tayzanne senses Velina's mother wishes to kill him, and warns the girl a sign will portent his death: three drops of blood on her left breast, but assures her they will be together in the end. Back to Velina's mother, the woman tells her husband their daughter has been consorting with an evil spirit and bids him kill it the next morning. Thus, they send Velina to the marketplace to sell vegetables, although she is reluctant to go. While she is away, the mother, her husband and her son go to the spring and call upon the fish: the mother goes first, but the waters remain calm; so the boy mimics his sister's voice and Tayzanne appears to them, leaping out of the spring. Velina's father ties a rope around its large body and kills it with a machete
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezin%20Nan%20Dlo
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Tezin Nan Dlo
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Anthropologist Elsie Clews Parsons collected a tale from the Sea Islands, South Carolina, with the title The Mermaid. In this tale, a couple have a daughter. The woman dies and the man marries another woman with two daughters. However, the girl's step-family begins to mistreat her and do not let her eat food, and she goes to cry at the river. A mermaid appears and asks her what it the matter. The girl confides in him about her problems; the mermaid then takes the girl with him down to the river, gives her food and drink, and brings her back to the surface. The girl returns home and does not have to eat anything, which arouses her step-family's suspicions. The next day, the girl goes to the river and calls upon the mermaid with a song: "Take me down, pretty Joe". After two days of this situation repeating, the elder step-daughter decides to follow her step-sister and finds her with the mermaid, then informs her mother and father about it. The next day, everyone goes to the river. The father tries to imitate his daughter's voice, but sings the wrong lyrics, so does the elder daughter. The younger daughter sings the correct verses and the mermaid appears to them, then the man kills it with a shot. The next time, the girl goes to the river and tries to summon the mermaid, but he does not appear, so she keeps singing in vain, enters the water and drowns.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezin%20Nan%20Dlo
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Tezin Nan Dlo
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Latin America
Folklorist Terrence Hansen, in his catalogue of Latin American folktales, identified two Latin American subtypes wherein a girl meets an enchanted fish and is taught magic to summon fish (in one) or to bring fresh water (in the other). As the story continues, the girl's relatives imitate her voice to draw out the fish and kill it. In the first type, the girl drowns herself in the sea; in the other, she sinks to the ground after she sees the dead fish. The second subtype was abstracted from a tale published in a compilation of American folktales by folklorist . Coluccio's source was Comhaire-Sylvain's Thézin (see above). American folklorist Stith Thompson, in his 1961 revision of the international index, integrated Hansen's tale type (to which the subtypes belong) into the catalogue as type AaTh 431C*, "The Fish Lover".
Scholar Manuel José Andrade published a Dominican tale from La Vega with the title El cuento del pecadito ("The Tale of the Little Fish"): a girl is sent by her parents to draw water by the river, when she catches a fish there which becomes her friend. She goes to meet the pecadito, which she summons with a phrase, and they spend some time near the river. The girl starts to come home late, and spins a story about having to go upstream to find more water. One day, the mother sends the girl's little brother to check on his sister, and finds her talking to the fish. The boy returns home to tell his mother, who accompanies him to the river to watch the scene. The next day, the family send the girl to an aunt in a distant town, and mother, father and brother go to the river. The boy imitates the girl's voice and summons the little fish, which appears, fooled by the trick. The girl's father then kills the fish. After the killing, the girl returns home and is sent again to fetch water. She tries to summon the little fish, but this time he does not appear. She keeps calling for him amidst tears, enters the river and drowns.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezin%20Nan%20Dlo
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Tezin Nan Dlo
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Jamaica
Ethnographer Martha Warren Beckwith collected two Jamaican tales which she grouped under the banner "The Fish Lover". In the first tale, collected from a teller named James White, from Maroon Town, Jamaica, with the title Timbo Limbo, a man has a daughter named Lydia. After his first wife dies, he remarries and has children with his second wife. One day, Lydia is given a heavy jug for her to go to the riverside and fill it with water. She goes to the river and cries for her task, when a Jack-fish appears in the water and offers to fill her jug with water, if the agrees to become its wife. Lydia agrees and the fish fulfills the task. She returns home and lies to her stepmother that no one helper her. The next morning, Lydia takes the jug with her and goes to the riverside to meet the fish. Suspecting something, the stepmother sends one of her children after Lydia. The girl spies on Lydia summoning the Jack-fish (called Timbo Limbo) by singing a song. The child goes back home and informs her mother, who waits for Lydia's father so he can also be made aware of his daughter's affair. After he arrives, he is told of Lydia's meeting with the fish, and decides a course of action: the next morning, they will send Lydia to Montego Bay to buy some black pepper and skelion, while they go to the river. As soon as his plan is set in motion, he takes the little girl to sing the song by the river, draw out the fish and shoot at it. It happens thus: they kill the fish and bring it home. However, as they remove the scales from the fish, one of them escapes and flies away all the way to Lydia. The girl takes the scale and recognizes it as the Jack-fish's, then rushes to the riverside. She begins to call on him, but the waters stay still, until blood appears to her. At last, she goes into the water and drowns.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezin%20Nan%20Dlo
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Tezin Nan Dlo
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Africa
Missionary and Africanist collected a tale from the Ewe people with the Ewe title Gli dze Seḥle dzi, which he translated as Die Fabel von der Seḥle ("The Fable about Seḥle"). In this tale, a couple have two daughters, the elder named Seḥle and very beautiful, but she rejected many suitors. One day, however, she goes to the well and sees a fish transform into a man, then proposing marriage to the girl. Seḥle agrees and tells her mother, who also consents to their marriage. As such, the girl goes to the well and summons with some verses her fish lover, whom she refers as "adeġe" (Spieth explained it means 'catfish'). The fish comes out of the water, eats some food Seḥle prepared for him and goes back to the well. This goes on for days. One day, however, Seḥle asks her younger sister to cook food for her husband, while Seḥle herself is busy washing some clothes in the stream. Seḥle's younger sister takes her father to the well and summons the fish; their father kills the fish with a rifle and takes the dead body home for his wife to prepare a meal with it. Back to Seḥle, she goes home and asks her sister if she made food for her brother-in-law. The little girl confirms, but Seḥle senses something wrong and takes the food for her husband by the well. She tries to summon the fish many times, but it does not appear. Seḥle returns home and begins to sink into the ground. Seḥle's sister begins to sing to her parents that Seḥle is sinking, but they pay no heed of it, until they notice a faint song and decide to check on Seḥle: they find the girl has sunk down to the ground, and only some hairs are visible. The parents try to pull her out of the ground, but can only tear some tufts of hair that remain in their hands.
Adaptations
Author Mimi Barthélémy published a bilingual book (French and Haitian Creole) about the story, titled Tezen, pwanson d'lo dous or Tézin, le poisson d'eau douce ("Tézin, the freshwater fish").
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician%20sanctuary%20of%20Kharayeb
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Phoenician sanctuary of Kharayeb
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Historical background, foundation, and decline
Archaeological excavations in Kharayeb and its vicinity have revealed a complex settlement dating from the prehistoric to the Ottoman period. The region had been inhabited since the Middle Paleolithic as evidenced by the presence of flint tools. The earliest sign of agricultural use of the area comes from the archaeological site of Jemjim, where excavations have revealed a rural settlement with a complex system of Iron Age cisterns, along with ceramics indicating occupation during the second millennium BC.
During the Persian period, when Phoenicia was under Achaemenid rule, the Phoenician economy flourished and the coastal cities' populations grew, necessitating resource optimization. The Persians supported this development by promoting intensive agriculture and irrigation. To ensure the subsistence of the city of Tyre, rural agricultural centers extending from the Phoenician coast to Mount Carmel in Palestine were established. These rural areas, especially those situated near rivers, played a crucial role in Tyre's economy and led to the emergence of planned settlements. Within this territorial organization context, the construction of a place of worship in Kharayeb began around the sixth century BC. The establishment of the sanctuary of Kharayeb along a river, and in a relatively isolated location, occurred at a time when cults of deities of healing and salvation were emerging throughout the Levant.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician%20sanctuary%20of%20Kharayeb
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Phoenician sanctuary of Kharayeb
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The temple exterior was adorned with architectural design elements that were common in sacred buildings in the Tyre region, including a cavetto cornice and a lintel decorated with a sun disk flanked by uraei. The building's design and decorations resembled the sanctuary of Umm al-Amad. The temple's main entrance on the southwest-facing façade was flanked by two male-figure statues that wore an Egyptian-style loin cloth, the . Each statue has one advanced foot and the best-preserved of the figures shows traces of an animal held under the left arm. Such sculptures are typical of Phoenicia and Cyprus. In Phoenicia, examples of this type were found in Sarepta, Amrit, Byblos, Sidon, Tyre, and Umm al-Amad. Scholars believe these Egypt-inspired sculptural groups served as protective figures and were stationed at the entrance of Phoenician temples. At a later stage during the Hellenistic period, the floor of the large, square hall was paved with flat stone slabs. A group of multicolored mosaic tesserae was excavated, suggesting the presence of a simple, geometric, pattern mosaic in the center of the hall. The interior walls were embellished with stucco decoration that was similar to the ornate houses of the coastal cities of the Levant during that period, which had oval-shaped motifs, some examples of which Kaoukabani found on site. The building's interior decoration, which included the scattered gem-like glass pastes locals collected to make jewelry, was also dated to the Hellenistic period.
Artifacts and finds
Excavations at the Phoenician sanctuary of Kharayeb have yielded many artifacts, including miniature vessels and thousands of terracotta figurines, that provide evidence of the native population's religious practices.
Votive terracotta figurines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician%20sanctuary%20of%20Kharayeb
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Phoenician sanctuary of Kharayeb
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Terracotta figurines from the Iron Age II or Persian period, which artisans who produced images of a well-documented type found in Phoenicia (Sarepta, Tyre, Tell Keisan, Achziv, Dor) and Cyprus, produced locally. The repertoire of votive figurines includes pregnant women, women with their hands placed on their breasts, seated male figurines wearing an atef crown or with a flat hairstyle, horse riders, tambourine players, and the god Bes—an Ancient Egyptian deity that was worshiped as a protector of households, mothers, children, and childbirth.
In the Hellenistic period, a heavy influx of worshipers prompted local terracotta-figurine makers to adopt the more efficient and cost-effective double-molds technique, which was introduced from prominent Hellenistic figurine-production centers like Alexandria, Egypt. Original molds were acquired and modified to reflect local styles and contexts, and figurines were locally produced in Tyre as evidenced by clay ion-beam analysis, and the presence of incised Phoenician letters on the figurines before firing. The acquisition of molds with Greek iconography introduced images of Hellenistic deities, such as Aphrodite, Artemis, Demeter, Dionysus, Eros, Heracles, and Hermes, into the hinterland of Tyre. Figurines depicting deities are scarce compared to the quantity of cataloged pieces; most of the figurines depict human subjects and children engaged in playful activities. The imagery portrays the rural, pastoral environment in which the users of these figurines lived. There are figurines of schoolchildren and theater masks, suggesting a diverse range of worshipers, including those from urban centers. The inclusion of these motifs reflects the cultural and educational aspects of Hellenistic city life, indicating the sanctuary attracted devotees from rural areas and from coastal cities, where such themes were more prevalent in daily life. The influence of Alexandria is also apparent through figurines depicting a breastfeeding Isis, Horus, and Harpocrates.
Other finds
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74329207
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician%20sanctuary%20of%20Kharayeb
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Phoenician sanctuary of Kharayeb
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Scholars have not identified the deity that was worshiped at the Phoenician sanctuary of Kharayeb because no god names are mentioned in the site inscriptions. Basing his proposal on figurines representing Demeter and Kore, the Greek goddesses of harvest and spring respectively, Chéhab proposed the sanctuary was a center for agrarian and initiatory cults. According to Kaoukabani, the sanctuary was initially dedicated to Astarte; according to his interpretation, the building was a mammisi, a chapel-like building where rituals and ceremonies associated with the divine birth or infancy of a deity were performed. He also proposed the cult likely acquired characteristics related to Demeter and included mystical elements. The study of the terracotta figurines contributed to the understanding of the religious cult. Italian historian Maria Grazia Lancellotti stated a revised understanding; he characterized the sanctuary as a smaller religious site that, like the temple of Eshmun in Bustan el-Sheikh in Sidon, centered around the veneration of deities of healing and salvation with an emphasis on rituals associated with childbearing and childhood. This interpretation explains the discovery of numerous child figurines onsite.
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74329289
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDupa%20Komska
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Župa Komska
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Ottoman conquest and reign
Ottoman Sultan Mehmed Fatih undertook a campaign that conquered the Konjic region in 1463, when Kom was also conquered. On June 22, 1463, the army was in Nevesinje and it was commanded by Mahmud Pasha Anđelović, and in a few days he conquered Kom. From the beginning of July until September, Herceg Stjepan Vukčić and his sons were on the counterattack. They succeeded in returning Kom and its surroundings. The Kosače ruled the župa for two years, until the second half of 1465. In the middle of 1465, Ish-beg Ishaković broke into the land of Herceg Stjepan with the Ottoman army and occupied it, including Komska župa. The importance of župa as a traffic hub has been maintained after these events. Glavatičevo, most populated center of the župa, is mentioned in the first Ottoman sources as the seat of the Kom administrative district under the name Podkom. The Komska župa became a nahija and belonged to the Blagaj kadiluk, as recorded in the census of the Bosnian sandžak in 1469. The population was steadily Islamized since then. Bosnian krstjans were numerous in this area, and some remained in their religion for a long time before converting to Islam. In 1537, the župa was merged with the Herzegovinian Nahija Neretva into one under the name Belgrad. Due to its importance, a stone bridge was built in Glavatičevo in 1612, similar to the Stara Ćuprija in Konjic (aka. Karađoz-beg Bridge), and the builder was Hadži Bali from Mostar. It was built when the Karađoz-beg Bridge in Konjic was being repaired. On both sides of the bridge, inns or hans were built where travelers to Sarajevo, Bjelimići, Konjic or Nevesinje spent the night. Towards the end of Ottoman times, župa was recorded in the administrative books under the name Džemat Župa, and it remained until the arrival of Austria-Hungary.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20data%20capture
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Smart data capture
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Smart data capture (SDC), also known as 'intelligent data capture' or 'automated data capture', describes the branch of technology concerned with using computer vision techniques like optical character recognition (OCR), barcode scanning, object recognition and other similar technologies to extract and process information from semi-structured and unstructured data sources. IDC characterize smart data capture as an integrated hardware, software, and connectivity strategy to help organizations enable the capture of data in an efficient, repeatable, scalable, and future-proof way. Data is captured visually from barcodes, text, IDs and other objects - often from many sources simultaneously - before being converted and prepared for digital use, typically by artificial intelligence-powered software. An important feature of SDC is that it focuses not just on capturing data more efficiently but serving up easy-to-access, actionable insights at the instant of data collection to both frontline and desk-based workers, aiding decision-making and making it a two-way process.
Smart data capture automates and accelerates capture, applying insights in real time and automating processes based on extracted input. Smart data capture is designed to be repeatable and scalable to reduce low-level manual tasks and eliminate human error. To achieve this goal, smart data capture solutions are often made available using specialist software installed on commodity hardware such as smartphones. However, some solutions may rely on specialized hardware such as dedicated scanning devices, wearables or shop floor robots.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillywiggin
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Pillywiggin
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Pillywiggins are tiny goblins and fairies, guardians of the flora, mentioned in English and Irish folklore. Tiny in size, they have the antennae and wings of a butterfly or dragonfly, live in groups and spend their time frolicking among the flowers.
They are described by Nancy Arrowsmith, and later by Pierre Dubois and others in The Great Encyclopedia of Fairies and Lessons in Elficology.
Origin
Pillywiggins are fairies from English folklore, associated with spring flowers and personifying the "divine essence of plants". They are mentioned in the folklore of Great Britain and Ireland. Pierre Dubois cites the alvens of Holland and certain fairies on the border of the Belgian Ardennes, who play similar roles.
The name "Pillywiggin" appeared in 1977 in the American Nancy Arrowsmith's Field Guide to the Little People, who believes that the name of these creatures comes from the English county of Dorset. It is also found in a collection by American folklorist Tristram Potter Coffin, dated 1984.
Pillywiggins are also mentioned in the esoteric work of Faery Wicca author Edain McCoy (1994), who classifies them among the elemental fairies, citing their preference for the shade of great oaks (a characteristic also present in Bane's description), and describing a very seductive pillywiggins queen, who goes by the name of Ariel and rides bats.
Description
Author Catherine Rager (2003) describes them as pixies, while Theresa Bane associates them with fairies. Winged, they usually measure a centimetre, but can change size. Their food consists of dew and pollen. They are trooping fairies, creatures that live in groups. They have no particular interest in human beings, but may participate in some of their activities, such as wedding ceremonies and other celebrations. Unlike other fairies in British folklore, they are not known for playing tricks on humans.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azriel%20Zelig%20Hausdorf
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Azriel Zelig Hausdorf
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Rabbi Azriel Zelig Hausdorf () (1826 – 1905) was an East Prussian philanthropist and doctor who worked with the Kollel Hod to build shelters in Jerusalem for Jewish immigrants.
Early life
Hausdorf was born in 1826 to Moshe Hausdorf in the city of Mislovitz in East Prussia (now Poland). Due to his place of birth, he was sometimes called "Rabbi Zelig Deutsch" (Rabbi Zelig the German). He studied in the local Yeshiva of Rabbi Pinchas Hamburger, while concurrently receiving a secular education. In 1846, he immigrated to Jerusalem via boat over the Mediterranean. During the trip, due to unstable weather, the boat was at risk of capsizing, so the captain of the ship asked Hausdorf to pray for the boat like Jonah the prophet. He settled in the city and married Hana Lipsha Minsker, daughter of Rabbi Zvi of Vilna.
Career
Although in the beginning Hausdorf received aid from the Kollel Hod, he later became one of the leaders of the organization. He worked as an interpreter at the Austrian embassy in Jerusalem. He was one of the initiators of the 'shelter and hospitality' project established by his Kollel in the Old City of Jerusalem. To raise money to build shelters he went to Europe in 1858 and collected donations from Jews who wanted to support settlement in Ottoman Palestine. One of these shelters included the Batei Mahse.
In the summer of 1876, there was a pestilence of locusts in Palestine, as well as a drought, so Hausdorf supported the community by working with the Yehuda and Israel Society, established by Rabbi Chaim Tzvi Schneerson, with the goal of storing grain to ensure food security for the poor in Jerusalem for the coming winter. During the cholera epidemic in Jerusalem, he also helped to buy flour to distribute to the poor. He also volunteered for the Diskin Orphanage in the Old City.
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72832507
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemetery%20prairie
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Cemetery prairie
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Tallgrass prairie is highly biodiverse grassland; more than 150 species of plant on any given native prairie site would be typical. Researchers observing Rochester Cemetery Prairie in Rochester, Iowa—one of the best-studied and most notable cemetery prairies—have found 360 plant species. Most cemetery prairies are smaller than Rochester and have commensurately lower plant counts, but a survey by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources found an average of 114 native prairie and savanna species per site.
Some of the plant species that may be found in undisturbed cemetery prairie include Indian grass, big bluestem, little bluestem, compass plant, wild indigo, New Jersey tea, shooting star, blazing star, wild strawberry, bird's-foot violet, daisy fleabane, false dandelion, prairie phlox, golden Alexander, black-eyed Susan, leadplant, prairie rose, Canadian wild rye, white prairie clover, purple prairie clover, grassy death camas, lance-leaved aster, cord grass, stiff goldenrod, grama, switchgrass, sand milkweed, sky-blue aster, white wild indigo, Indian plantain, Hill's thistle, yellow lady slipper, alum root, slender-leaved pinweed, wood lily, eastern prickly pear, wild quinine, wild petunia, showy goldenrod, slender ladies'-tresses, porcupine grass, goat's rue, silphium, purple gentian, showy tick trefoil, prairie dock, rattlesnake master, spiked lobelia, et al.
Partridges, badgers, turtles, coyotes, beaver and all manner of birds find their way into a prairie.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemetery%20prairie
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Cemetery prairie
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In a 2012 study of moth biodiversity on Illinois biofuel plantations growing maize, miscanthus or switchgrass, cemetery prairies were two of the three exemplars of native prairie used for comparison. Native prairie had the highest alpha diversity of the four types of field; the researchers found evidence that "large-scale conversion of acreage to biofuel crops may have substantial negative effects on arthropod biodiversity both within the cropping systems and in the surrounding landscape...In general, [related] studies have borne out the hypothesis that agricultural landscapes that offer a diverse flora of native perennials will harbor a higher diversity of beneficial arthropods than will extensive monocultures of annual plants such as corn and soybean." A similar message about cemeteries as useful biodiversity reservoirs for farm businesses was published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1921.
Prairie cemeteries may also shelter valued introduced species such as naturalized asparagus, a favorite of foragers.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunga%20%28Japan%29
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Gunga (Japan)
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was the central government office of a county under the Ritsuryo system of ancient Japan. It was responsible for local control and administration, and was placed under the national government. Small administrative units analogous to counties were called . The official in charge of a Gunga was known as a gunji, and the county was typically controlled by 2 to 8 appointed county governors. These governors were appointed by powerful local clans and were responsible for tasks such as tax collection. The Niihari Gunga ruins are notable ruins of a Gunga. Shida Gunga ruins is another such example.
The Ritsuryo system was enforced in the 640s, and in 703, the Taiho Code was established which changed the council system to a county system. Remains of Gunga offices have been discovered in various locations, including Niihari County in Hitachi Province, Nasu County in Shimotsuke Province, and Tamana County in Higo Province.
The Gunga also had a kitchen to prepare food for the officials and visitors. The term Gunga is also known as Gunke or Kokuga. It is similar to a modern-day city hall and was responsible for controlling the county during the Ritsuryo era.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20C.%20Paton
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David C. Paton
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David Cleland Paton is a conservation ecologist, ornithologist, academic, and author. He is an Adjunct Associate Professor of the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Adelaide and Director of Bio-R, which is an Adelaide-based nonprofit organization. He also co-founded the non-profit organization, Arid Recovery.
Paton is most known for his work on avian ecology and conservation biology, his research on Kangaroo Island and the Coorong, and his contributions to the understanding of the natural systems in Australia for their sustainable management. He is the author of books, At the End of the River: The Coorong and Lower Lakes, and Overview of Feral and Managed Honeybees in Australia: Distribution, Abundance, Extent of Interactions with Native Biota, Evidence of Impacts and Future Research.
Paton is a Member of the Order of Australia (AM), and is an Honorary Life Member of the South Australian Ornithological Association, and Birdlife Australia.
Education
Paton earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Adelaide in 1975, and completed his Ph.D. at Monash University in 1980.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%20Pouhere%20K%C5%8Drero
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Te Pouhere Kōrero
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Activities
Symposiums, meetings and hui (gatherings) are part of the work of the society. These events bring together new and experienced members and questions such as ways the past can be researched, theorised, "and connected to the realities of home, marae (spiritual and cultural meeting place), and people". He Rau Tumu Kōrero is the symposium of Te Puhere Kōrero. The 2013 symposium theme was Beyond the Binary: Maori and Iwi Historical Perspectives held at Waikato University, Te Whare Wananga o Waikato, Hamilton. In 2014 it was held at the National Library of New Zealand in Wellington, co-hosted by the Alexander Turnbull Library and Manatu Taonga – Ministry for Culture and Heritage with the theme being The Future of Māori History.
The organisation publishes the Te Pouhere Kōrero Journal. The first edition was published in 1999 and the second one in 2002. The third edition is based on presentations from the symposium He Rau Tumu Kōrero held in August 2008 at Waikato University. It was edited by Aroha Harris and Alice Te Punga Somerville with guest editorial from Nēpia Mahuika. Contributors included Monty Soutar, Margaret Mutu, Carwyn Jones, Rangimarie Mahuika, Erin Keenan and Arini Loader. Other editions include 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014 and 2016. Aroha Harris is the co-editor of Te Pouhere Kōrero Journal.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature
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1978 Nobel Prize in Literature
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The 1978 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Polish-born American Jewish writer Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902–1991) "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life." He wrote prolifically in Yiddish and later translated his own works into English with the help of editors and collaborators.
Laureate
Isaac Bashevis Singer's Jewish upbringing and experience in the holocaust plays a significant role in his rich body of work that includes about 20 novels and several books for children. His literary debut started with first published story "Oyf der elter" ("In Old Age", 1925) which won the literary competition of the Literarishe Bletter, where he worked as a proofreader. His tales frequently span several generations, and many of them discuss how assimilation, secularism, and modernism have an impact on the family as in The Family Moskat (1950), The Manor (1967) and The Estate (1969). Jewish folklore and legends are frequently featured in his stories such as Zlateh the Goat and Other Stories (1966) and The Golem (1969). Several of the Singers' works have been adapted for film. Among his famous works also include Satan in Goray (1933), The Magician of Lublin (1971), and Enemies, A Love Story (1966)
Reactions
The choice of Isaac Bashevis Singer was well received. The New York Times' Christopher Lehmann-Haupt wrote: "if influence and appeal are standards of Nobel excellence, then Singer is a worthy choice. For he has carried on the tradition of such Yiddish story-telling masters as Mendele, Aleichem, Peretz and Asch, and he has influenced a generation of America-Jewish writers now thriving in his wake."
Nobel lecture
Delivered on 8 December 1978 at the Swedish Academy, Singer devoted much of his Nobel lecture to speaking about the yiddish language. “In a figurative way,” he said, “Yiddish is the wise and humble language of us all, the idiom of frightened and hopeful humanity.”
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72834488
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jochem%20van%20Bruggen
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Jochem van Bruggen
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Prose
Van Bruggen started seriously writing in 1914, with his first sketch, Die Praatmesien, being published in Die Brandwag on 10 December 1914. His first novel, Teleurgestel, followed in 1916, for which he won his first of four Hertzog Prizes. In 1919 he published a novella, Bywoners, followed by an anthology of short stories, Op Veld en Rante (1920) and another novella, Die Burgemeester van Slaplaagte (1922). Then, in 1924, came Ampie, the character with which Jochem van Bruggen truly entered the Afrikaans literature. The first part of the Ampie trilogy, Ampie: Die Natuurkind, depicts the childhood of this "dweller", how his love for Annekie begins to develop and his intense affection for the donkey, old Jakob.
Honours
Van Bruggen was awarded the first Hertzog Prize for prose, eventually winning it an unprecedented four times, the most by any author.
With the publication of the seventh yearbook of the Afrikaanse Skrywerskring (writers' circle) in 1942, Jochem van Bruggen was the guest of honour at the celebratory dinner.
The magazine Helikon also held a dinner in his honour in December 1953 and dedicated the Christmas issue of the magazine to him.
The South African Academy of Science and Art honoured him with honorary membership in 1951.
In 1953, the University of Pretoria awarded him an honorary doctorate in literature.
In 1959, the Afrikaanse Skrywerskring placed a memorial plaque on his grave.
Bibliography
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72834519
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Stasi%20Poetry%20Circle
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The Stasi Poetry Circle
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The Stasi Poetry Circle is a 2022 non-fiction history book by German-born British journalist Philip Oltermann.
Summary
The book tells the history of the Working Circle of Writing Chekists, a small creative writing group within the Stasi, the secret police of East Germany. Founded in 1960 and headed by Uwe Berger, the group consisted of Stasi agents who would compose and discuss poetry with each other, both for literary merits and to learn to analyse potential subversive messaging.
Reception
Anthony Quinn of The Guardian described the book as "fascinating, strange and troubling," adding that "reading these stories of bureaucratic paranoia inclines you to wonder if the Stasi’s poetry programme wasn’t merely a willed distraction from the reality on its doorstep." Adam Kirsch of The New Statesman described the book as an "ironic tribute to communist literary ideals," adding that "the party’s fondest dream was that the masterpieces of the future would come from the neglected voices of ordinary people... yet the dictatorship of the proletariat turned out to be so invasive and paranoid that it saw any genuinely creative writing as criminal."
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72834650
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Dando
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Edward Dando
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In about 1826 Dando began the practice of eating and drinking at different food sellers without being able to afford the meal. Although out of work, he refused poor relief, saying he despised it because he "had a soul above it". Dando was arrested for his acts of theft at least as early as 1828. On an appearance in court in April 1830, the arresting police officer said Dando had been arrested two years previously after consuming two pots of ale and of rump steak and onions and then refusing to pay. Dando's April 1830 arrest followed his eating of ham and beef, a half-quartern loaf, seven pats of butter and eleven cups of tea, coming to 3s 6d, at a time when the average weekly wage for agricultural labourers was between eight and twelve shillings. The magistrate sentenced him to one month at the house of correction in Brixton, Surrey, under the Vagrancy Act 1824. Dando spent some time in solitary confinement after he stole bread and beef from his fellow prisoners.
On the day of his release he walked into an oyster shop and ate thirteen dozen (156) oysters and a half-quartern loaf, washed down with five bottles of ginger beer—the ginger beer because, he said, he was troubled with wind. He was arrested and appeared in court; he explained that "I was very peckish, your Worship, after living on a gaol allowance so long, and I thought I'd treat myself to an oyster". This was the second oyster shop he visited that day: in the first he ate oysters and bread to the sum of 3s 6d; the shop owner had kicked him and thrown him out of the shop. The magistrate sentenced Dando to three months in prison, and elected that it should be in the Guildford House of Correction in Surrey, which was considered to keep tougher discipline than Dando had experienced in Brixton. He warned Dando that if he repeated his crime, he faced transportation.
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72834762
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCndo%C4%9Fan%2C%20O%C4%9Fuzeli
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Gündoğan, Oğuzeli
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In 1100, when Godfrey of Bouillon died, Baldwin entrusted the county of Edessa to his cousin Baldwin II, then Joscelin I joined him there in 1101, and was entrusted with the county of Edessa. In late September 1108, near Turbessel, Tancred, with 1,500 Frankish knights and infantry, and 600 Turkish horsemen sent by Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan confronted Baldwin II and the 2,000 men of Jawali Saqawa, atabeg of Mosul. Tancred and Ridwan routed Jawali's men who took refuge in Turbessel. Later on, Tancred who had initially refused to abandon Turbessel to Baldwin II, decided at the assembly in Château Pèlerin in April 1109, to give up Turbessel in return for his restoration to his old domains in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
From 1110, Mawdud, atabeg of Mosul, resumed the offensive against the Franks and attacked the county of Edessa. Mawdûd successively besieged Edessa then Turbessel, but had to lift the siege each time, as Joscelin I succeeded in attacking the rearguard of the Turkish army. In July 1111, Mawdud launched a new invasion against the county and laid siege to Turbessel. While Mawdud was besieging Turbessel, Sultan, the Munquidite emir (or ruler) of Shaizar, sent envoys to him, seeking his assistance against Tancred. Mawdud lifted the siege of Turbessel and moved to help Shaizar.
Mawdud's invasions devastated the eastern regions of the county, but Joscelin's fief at Turbessel still flourished. In 1113, Baldwin persuaded Joscelin to come to Edessa, saying that he was dying and wanted to make his last will. Stating that Joscelin had not sent enough food to Edessa, Baldwin had him imprisoned and only released him after Joscelin renounced Turbessel.
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72834903
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batur%20sheep
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Batur sheep
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Batur Sheep is one of the genetic resources of local Indonesian livestock that has developed in Banjarnegara Regency since 1974. Based on the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia dated June 17, 2011, Batur sheep has been designated as a local Indonesian livestock family with Banjarnegara Regency as the breeding area. Batur sheep is the result of a cross between merino and thin-tailed sheep with twice the weight of local sheep, namely 60–80 kg and a maximum weight of 140 kg. Batur sheep are meat and wool producing sheep. Batur sheep has a wool production capacity of 3 kg/head/shearing and can be sheared twice a year. Batur sheep have fine curly wool in a white spiral shape which covers its body except for the four parts of the legs and face, tall and long body with a long neck and medium tail. Batur sheep is one of the superior and dominant livestock breeds in the highlands. Batur sheep are livestock that are easy to develop because the maintenance system is not too complicated, has a fairly short reproductive cycle, and is quite disease resistant
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72835352
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaoba
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Amaoba
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History
According to elders of the land, a long time ago, there was a man, Odugbo Ajonu, whose family had a conflict with an elder, Mazi Odugbo in Alayi near Uzuakoli and came to settle at a portion of the land now known as Oboroland. He left with his junior brother Mazi Idima, who decided to settle at the present Abam where he met his own luck. Mazi Odugbo Ajonu was born a warrior who warred irrespective of relation; hence his relatives ejected him out from Alayi. When he first entered into the Oboroland, he begot his first son and named him Eme Aba, and he still planned for more wars. (i.e. the present Amaoba, who were at Olori). With the same wife, he begot Mazi Akputu the present 'Ikputu' who was his second son.
When his near and far neighbors could not bear his unexpected war attacks, he was forced to another unoccupied area, where he begot Mazi Ututu (Izuzu Ututu). Ututu was nicknamed 'Oru' by which the present Ndioru was named after.
Mazi Akputu fathered three sons: Ukala (also known as Azukala), Etiti (referred to as Etiti Ulo), and Enwe (recognized as Umu Enwe). Their designated market day is Orie Uku, where they oversee the affairs of Amaoba’s general deity, Ibeku.
The present war house (God) at Amaoba Ime named Agbala was captured during a big war between Amaoba and his brothers against the then Umuchichi. When Umuchichi was conquered and captured, Agbala was also captured at Amaoba. In those days, the entire Oboro nation settled at Olori, a place where water was unavailable.
During Mazi Eme Aba's stay at Olori, he begot Mazi Umo, Ulu, and Ohia under one wife and begot Mazi Otugh, Okele, and Ika under the junior wife. Ndaeri and Umuohia are part and parcel of Umu Umo.
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72835491
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllodytes%20praeceptor
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Phyllodytes praeceptor
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Phyllodytes praeceptor is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to coastal areas in the state of Bahia in Brazil. It has also been seen in Serra da Jiboia, 694 m above sea level.
The adult male frog measures 20.7–25.8 mm in snout-vent length. This frog has prominent eyes.
This frog lives on epiphytic bromeliad plants. The female frog lays eggs on the leaves and the tadpoles swim in the water that collects near the axil.
This frog is not endangered. Scientists attribute it to its large range. Although the closed-canopy Atlantic forest where it lives was subject to considerable deforestation over the past century, there is still a considerable space left, and the rate of deforestation has slowed. This frog lives in forests where the branches of the trees come together like a roof. Farmers often grow cacao under thinned forest that provide natural shade for the cacao plants, and the frogs have been found in these farms as well, another reason why their population is stable. Scientists believe collection of the bromeliad plants might pose some risk to this frog if it were to happen, but they note that this does not seem to be the case as of 2021.
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72835611
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitable%20Worlds%20Observatory
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Habitable Worlds Observatory
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The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is a large infrared, optical, and ultraviolet space telescope recommended by the National Academies’ Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020. It will be optimized to search for and image Earth-size habitable exoplanets in the habitable zones of their stars, where liquid water can exist, by using a coronagraph to block out the light of their stars, as well as provide broad astrophysics observations. HWO builds upon studies conducted for two earlier mission concepts called the Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR) and Habitable Exoplanets Observatory (HabEx).
Mission goals
HWO’s main objective would be to identify and directly image at least 25 potentially habitable worlds. It would then use spectroscopy to search for chemical biosignatures in these planets’ atmospheres, including gases such as oxygen and methane, which could serve as critical evidence for life. HWO would also use its high sensitivity and resolution capabilities to trace the evolution of galaxies and other cosmic structures.
The main science themes for HWO are:
Drivers of galaxy growth
Evolution of elements over cosmic time
Solar System in its galactic context
Living worlds
Development
In 2023, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) established a Great Observatory Maturation Program (GOMAP) to unite government, industry, and academia to develop the technologies needed for HWO. GOMAP aims to draw on lessons from previous NASA missions to streamline development of the HWO concept and decrease budget and schedule risks for the future mission.
The HWO is designed to be launched on a super heavy-lift launch vehicle such as SpaceX's Starship, Blue Origin's New Glenn or the SLS. The current concept for the HWO includes a 6–8 meter mirror, however its design should allow for a larger mirror if launch vehicle technology allows by the time of its launch in the 2040s.
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72835647
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqamat%20al-Hariri
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Maqamat al-Hariri
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List of stories
After a preface by al-Hariri himself, there are 50 stories altogether, generally entitled on the format "Encounter at....", with the name of a different city for each story. The chapters are in order:
1-10 "Encounter at San'a", Holwan, Kayla, Damietta, Kufa, Maraghah (or "The Diversified"), Barkaid, Ma'arrah, Alexandria, Al-Rahba
11-20 "Encounter at Saweh", Damascus, Baghdad, Mecca, "Encounter called "The Legal"", "Encounter of the West", "Encounter called "The Reversed"", Sinjar, Nasibin, Mayyafariqin
21-30 "Encounter at Rayy al-Mahdiyeh", Euphrates, "Encounter of the Precinct", "Encounter called "Of the Portion"", Kerej, "The Encounter of the address", "The Encounter of the Tent-dwellers", Samarkand, Wasit, Sur
31-40 "Encounter at Ramlah", Tayleh, Tiflis, Zabid, Shiraz, Maltiyah, Sa'dah, Merv, Oman, Tabriz
41-50 "Encounter at Tanis", Najran, Al-Bakriya, "The Encounter called "The Wintry"", Ramlah, Aleppo, Hajr, Harmamiyeh, Sasan, Basra.
Manuscripts
Early, non-illustrated copies
Several early non-illustrated editions of the Maqāmāt al-Ḥarīrī are known, starting from the lifetime of al-Ḥarīrī himself (1054–1122), when he was about 56 years old. The earliest known manuscript is Cairo, National Library of Egypt, MS Adab 105, dated 504/1110–11 through an ijaza certificate of authenticity by al-Ḥarīrī himself. It is by far the earliest the earliest known manuscript, and it was copied the same year al-Ḥarīrī completed his work.
Other early manuscripts are known, such as London, British Library, Or. 2790 (557 AH/1161–62 CE); Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Sbath 265 (583 AH/1187 CE); Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Arabe 3924 (584 AH/1188 CE); Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Arabe 3926 (611 AH/1214 CE); and Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Arabe 3927 (611 AH/1214 CE).
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72835885
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor%20lines%20of%20the%20London%20and%20South%20Western%20Railway
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Windsor lines of the London and South Western Railway
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In 1880 the Metropolitan District Railway opened a line from West Brompton to a station in Fulham, named Putney Bridge and Fulham. The alignment of the terminus made it obvious that the next step was to bridge the Thames and strike south.
The District company was contemplating the next move when a projected company calling itself the Guildford, Kingston and London Railway promoted an independent line from Guildford through Surbiton and Kingston to Fulham, and hoping to obtain running powers from there through the District Railway line to the City of London. Both the LSWR and the District Railway were violently opposed to this, and they joined forced to oppose it in Parliament. The opposition was successful, and the LSWR undertook to build a line from Putney Bridge station on the north bank of the River Thames, to Wimbledon. The Metropolitan District Railway formed a connection at Putney Bridge, and the line was operated jointly, although owned by the LSWR. A connection was made for LSWR trains to descend from the new line to the Richmond line, facing London. It was intended that the double track spur would cross the Barnes line and join it by a double junction from the north side of the line, but the quadrupling of the Barnes line, inaugurated in 1887, made this undesirable. In consequence, the up line only of the spur ran on the north side of the Barnes line, the down line connection being on the south side.
The change was made within existing limits of deviation and no specific powers were taken, but Major-General Hutchinson on his inspection for the Board of Trade said that if doubts arose formal powers should be obtained in a future Act; it seems was never done. The District Railway operated on the line from 3 June 1889, and the LSWR, never running across the Thames Bridge, started a service from Waterloo to Wimbledon via East Putney from 1 July 1889.
Infrastructure improvements
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72836509
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dka%20ikki
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Kōka ikki
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Formation
In 15th and 16th-century Japan, Kōka, in Ōmi Province, had some 53 clans and adjacent Iga Province contained some 300–500 small estates. Both regions were in anarchy, with their estates and families constantly engaged in low-level, small-scale feuds and squabbles within and between each region. This and the constant external threats posed by the incessant warfare of the period necessitated that the local jizamurai (wealthy administrators technically of peasant class) and their soldiers develop specialized espionage and combat skills. The remoteness of the hill country in this part of Japan might also have encouraged the development of these skills. The militant mountain-monks, yama-bushi, were also likely an influence as even the bandits in the area wore yellow scarfs that seem to have been copies of those worn by the mountain monks.
Reputedly, the units from these two regions often offered their services to nearby provinces as professionally trained, highly trained mercenaries. The usages of the term shinobi, specifically shinobi-mono, later known as ninjas, appearing in the late 1580s and early 1600s, referred to the soldiers from Iga and Kōka.
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72836509
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dka%20ikki
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Kōka ikki
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The ruling class was called dōmyōchu or ichizoku shūdan, and they composed the Kōka-gun Chūsō (General Assembly of Kōka District), the governing assembly and historical expression for the Kōka Confederacy. Among the documented ruling families are the Ōhara, Hattori, Mochizuki, Ikeda, Ukai, Ichiyaku, Taki, Saji, Takamine, Ueno, Oki, Yamanaka, Ban, and Minobe. Each of these families ruled over a sō, that is, federated districts of villages pledged to provide mutual aid and self-defense, roughly analogous to a European medieval commune. These districts then sometimes were themselves part of higher level sō. For example, the Yamanaka, Ban, and Minobe families, who all lived in the vicinity of Kashigawi Shrine, each controlled a respective sō, named a dōmyō-sō because all the members of the respective district shared the same surname. They then combined their individual sō into the Kashigawi sanbōsō (the Kashigawi three-member league). All these family sō linked together to form a district-wide sō that was the Kōka Confederacy. The historian Pierre Souyri speculates that this high level of social organization allowed the jizamurai, who were of lower rank in society, to become particularly powerful in Kōka. The lesser landholders composed the samurai-shū, among whom are the documented clans Tomita, Masuda, Shiotsu, Nishioka, Kitano, and Nakagami. Below the district level, individual villages formed communes named sōson, which came to replace estates as the dominant source of power.
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72837853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza%20Grau
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Plaza Grau
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The square was inaugurated on October 28, 1946, during the government of President José Luis Bustamante y Rivero. Towards the side of the Paseo Colón, a tribune was enabled for the guests (officials, diplomats, etc.), which were received by a special commission, chaired by the Captain Arturo Jiménez Pacheco.
The scenario featured members of the Armed Forces, Civil Guard and Battalions representating schools of Lima and Callao. The line was in command of Marshal Eloy Ureta, accompanied by its General Staff: General Manuel A. Odría, Luis Solari, Juan de Dios Párcos and Manuel Forero.
The ceremony began with a minute of silence in memory of the hero of Angamos, followed by an air exhibition. After the exhibition, President Bustamante and Rivero, accompanied by the mayor of Lima and veterans of the War of the Pacific, went to the foot of the monument. Frigate Manuel Elías Bonnemaison, the last survivor of the Huáscar crew, was responsible for decorting the veil that covered the sculpture. Before Grau's effigy, President Bustamante read in a speech that culminated as follows:
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72838011
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueprint%20for%20Maryland%27s%20Future
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Blueprint for Maryland's Future
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In August 2016, Governor Larry Hogan appointed University System of Maryland chancellor emeritus William Kirwan to chair the commission, which consisted of 26 members including Kirwan. The commission was tasked with making recommendations in five major policy areas, including early childhood education, increasing teacher pay, implementing rigorous school curricula, providing additional resources to struggling schools, and creating accountability for underperformance. The commission studied the practices of top-performing school systems in nations including Finland, Singapore, Canada, and China, as well as the U.S. states of Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
In January 2019, the commission released an interim report, which included several proposals for boosting Maryland schools, including universal preschool for low-income 3- and 4- year olds, hiring and retaining teachers, increasing education standards, and establishing an accountability system to oversee the implementation of the commission's recommendations.
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72838011
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueprint%20for%20Maryland%27s%20Future
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Blueprint for Maryland's Future
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Support and opposition
Support for the Blueprint for Maryland's Future consisted of a coalition of Democratic state legislators, educators, and labor unions. The opposition to the Blueprint consisted of Governor Larry Hogan and Maryland Republican politicians.
Arguments supporting the Blueprint included rewriting state funding formulas, improving education outcomes for students, increasing support for teachers, and leveling educational inequities. Arguments in opposition to the Blueprint included how the reforms were funded. Republican members of the Maryland House of Delegates bitterly fought the proposals, arguing that they would cost taxpayers $32 billion over 10 years without a clear way to pay for them. Republican criticism continued through the 2021 legislative session, during which Republican leaders including Michael Hough and Bryan Simonaire called the bill's passage fiscally irresponsible. Simonaire called on Democratic lawmakers to scrap the bill in January 2021, saying that its recommendations had become outdated because of the changes made to learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. State senator Paul G. Pinsky, who led efforts to pass the Blueprint bill in 2020, acknowledged these criticisms in passing the Kirwan 2.0 bill, saying that the focus of the bill was "getting students up a grade level... who got crushed during the last 14 months."
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72838191
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvatore%20J.%20Panto%20Jr.
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Salvatore J. Panto Jr.
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Salvatore J. Panto Jr. is an American politician from Pennsylvania who is the current mayor of Easton, Pennsylvania, and has served for seven non-consecutive terms. First for two terms from 1984-1992, and another four terms from 2008 to present.
Early life
Panto is an Easton native. He received a Bachelor's degree from Kutztown University of Pennsylvania and a Master's degree from Lehigh University. In 2011 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Public service from Lafayette College.
Political career
First tenure
Panto was elected mayor at the age of 31 in 1983 making him the youngest mayor in Easton's history. In that Democratic Primary Election he came in first against three other candidates including a former two term Mayor and the Democratic Party's designated candidate. During his first tenure he focused on making the city cleaner and safer. He expanded the city's police and fire department and hired more code enforcement officers.
Second tenure
When he returned to the office of mayor in 2008 the city of Easton was on the verge of filing for Act 47, the municipal equivalent of bankruptcy. However, Panto was able to re-organize city finances to create a surplus budget every year during his second tenure without increasing the real estate tax for sixteen years. His 2007 campaign theme was "Clean and Safe. In 2007 he ran on a campaign to end the rampant drug dealing and gang violence and gun violence plaguing the city. "An advocate for public parks, Panto has expanded the city's park network and also invested $4 million in the city's waterfront parks. In 2017 he received a $850,000 subsidy from the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources to improve the National Canal Museum and the 520 acre park next to it.
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72838478
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Eismann
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Michael Eismann
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Michael Theodore Eismann (born 1964) is an American scientist and researcher working at the Air Force Research Laboratory. He is a former editor of Optical Engineering and a member of the NATO Sensors and Electronics Technology panel. In 2023, Eismann was elevated to fellow membership of the IEEE.
Education and early life
Eismann was born in 1964 in Covington, Kentucky. In 1985, he received a Bachelor's degree in Physics from Thomas More College, Kentucky. In 1987, he gained a Master's degree in Electrical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Eismann received a PhD in Electro-Optics from the University of Dayton, Ohio, in 2004, overseen by Russell Craig Hardie. His dissertation was Resolution enhancement of hyperspectral imagery using maximum a posteriori estimation with a stochastic mixing model.
Career
Eismann is Chief Scientist at the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), being promoted in December 2014. He had joined AFRL in 1996 and previously served as the Air Force Senior Scientist for Electro-Optical and Infrared Sensors. His main areas of research are passive infrared imaging and hyperspectral remote sensing, areas which he is considered an authority on in the scientific community. Eismann has authored multiple journal articles and book chapters on these areas. Eismann is also an adjunct professor at the Air Force Institute of Technology.
Eismann's previous work includes time at the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (1987-1996), serving as the U.S. National Representative on the NATO Sensors and Electronics Technology panel and serving on the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Board of Directors. He served some time as Editor-in-Chief of the journal Optical Engineering, succeeding Ronald Driggers. He was in the position from 2014-2020.
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72838625
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument%20to%20Miguel%20Grau%20Seminario
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Monument to Miguel Grau Seminario
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The body of the monument is a four-sided granitic monolith, with vertical stretch marks and stands of ascending rhythms, which, according to the author, symbolizes the land of Peru. The stands that are seen at their base symbolize the sea. High height of the main face or front, is the sculpture of the hero represented with his sailor uniform and with his arms crossed, between a helm and the anchors of a ship. Under it, on the pedestal, a dedication reads: "To the glory of the great admiral of Peru Miguel Grau, the Millennium Peruvian." On the side faces are symbolic sculptures about stands, representing men who reach the heights with difficulty. In the posterior face there is a commemorative plaque of the battle of Angamos. And finally, the work is crowned by the allegory of fame, which raises its arms towards the sky in clamor of immortality, and that is driven in a mythical ship by tritones and sirens.
Opposite the square where the monument is located, between the Paseo de la República, Miguel Grau Avenue and Paseo Colón, the Paseo de los Héroes Navales begins.
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72839109
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20A.%20Brooks
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William A. Brooks
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When the Spanish flu pandemic began in 1918, Brooks devoted much time towards combating the virus and had established an emergency tent hospital in Brookline. His research showed that sunshine and fresh air were the best treatments for the disease, and his tent hospital had significantly lower death rates than most others, despite taking in most of the worst cases. He later had another hospital built the following year, making a permanent facility to apply the same treatment as the tent hospital. Brooks continued his practice until his death from heart failure in May 1921.
Early life and education
Brooks was born on August 15, 1864, in Haverhill, Massachusetts. He began attending Phillips Exeter Academy at age 15 in 1880, and graduated in 1883. He played football there and was team captain in 1886. He also participated in rowing and was mentioned in The Phillips Exeter Academy: A History as one of the players in the declining era of school boating who went on to "shine as college oarsmen."
After graduating from Phillips Exeter, Brooks enrolled at Harvard College in 1883. "Gifted by nature for any sort of heavy work," he played football and rowing and served as "an immense help to both," according to the magazine Outing. He played on the freshman football team in 1883 before moving to the varsity team. His position was center.
Brooks became a very prominent Harvard student for his accomplishments in football and rowing, with one source writing that he "was one of the best known Harvard men of his time." He was elected second marshal at the school, which was the equivalent of vice class president. He was also active in several undergraduate matters.
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72839295
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Wormeley%20Sr.
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Ralph Wormeley Sr.
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Ralph Wormeley (ca. 1620-1651) emigrated to the Virginia colony, where he became a planter and politician who represented York County in the House of Burgesses and developed Rosegill plantation in what became Middlesex County after his death.
Early life and education
Born in England, Wormeley could trace his ancestry to Sir John de Wormeley of Hatfield in Yorkshire. His elder brother Christopher Wormeley was among the British who captured Tortuga Island from the French, and had served as that colony's acting governor before its capture by the Spanish, after which he moved to Virginia, where he died.
Career
Wormeley settled in York County, Virginia around 1636, and became a justice of the peace (although he may have left and returned as did his brother, the justices jointly administering counties in that era). In 1645 or 1649 Wormeley patented 3200 acres along the southern side of the Rappahannock River east of Rosegill Creek (also known as Nimcock Creek, encompassing both the old and new Nimcock native American towns), then in Lancaster County but which in 1669 became Middlesex County. The patent required that Wormeley construct a house and otherwise improve the land. That house and some acreage directly across the creek became the core of Rosegill plantation, the family home for more than a century. Wormeley also patented 3,500 acres on Mobjack Bay (part of which later became Yorktown), as well as acquired part of a 1,645 acre parcel in York County from the executors of his brother Christopher Wormeley I. In the contract before his marriage discussed below, Wormeley gave his bride a 500 acre plantation in York County that he bought from Jeffrey Power.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodman%20Mitileni
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Goodman Mitileni
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Wisani Goodman Mitileni, sometimes also spelled Mtileni, is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the Limpopo Provincial Legislature from 2014 to 2021. He resigned from the legislature after being elected Regional Secretary of the ANC's Mopani branch in June 2021. Less than a year later, in March 2022, he was elected as Provincial Chairperson of the Limpopo branch of the South African Communist Party (SACP).
ANC Youth League
Mitileni joined the ANC as a teenager and served as the secretary of a local branch in 1993 to 1994 while he was in his last year of high school. He remained active in the ANC and ANC Youth League (ANCYL) in subsequent years while he qualified, and then worked for five years, as a teacher. He later entered public administration as a youth development officer in the Mopani District Municipality, in which capacity he became a regional leader of the South African Municipal Workers' Union (SAMWU). In December 2005, he was elected simultaneously as Provincial Chairperson of SAMWU's Limpopo branch and as Provincial Deputy Secretary of the ANCYL's Limpopo branch.
In the ANCYL role, he deputised Julius Malema, and in 2008, he became acting Provincial Secretary of the Limpopo ANCYL after Malema was elected to more senior office as national ANCYL President. Mitileni continued in that position until the league's next provincial elective conference, held in Makhado in April 2010. Mitileni – along with his deputy Thandi Moraka and ANCYL Provincial Chairperson Lehlogonolo Masoga – was part of a group that led a walkout from the Makhado conference, protesting against what they described as Malema's attempts to interfere in the conference and install his allies in leadership positions.
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72839907
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisters%20of%20St.%20Francis%20of%20the%20Neumann%20Communities
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Sisters of St. Francis of the Neumann Communities
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Sisters of St Francis of Syracuse
In the mid-nineteenth century, many German and Irish immigrants worked on the Erie and Oswego canals, the railroad, or for salt producers. Eight Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia came to Syracuse in March 1860 to teach at Assumption School, and at St. Joseph’s School in Utica.
Later in the year, Bishop Neumann's successor, Bishop James Frederick Wood, separated the Syracuse mission from the Philadelphia foundation, creating a first daughter congregation, the "Sisters of St Francis of Syracuse, New York".
The sisters soon began to care for the sick in the patients' homes. In 1866 Mother M. Bernardina, founder of the Order of St. Francis in Syracuse, founded St. Elizabeth's Hospital in West Utica . It was originally located in a small house donated by St. Joseph Church. It is now St. Elizabeth's Medical Center.
Three years later, the sisters purchased the Samsel property on Prospect Hill, a former dance hall and saloon, and on May 6, opened St. Joseph's Hospital, Syracuse's first public hospital. Mother Marianne Cope served as hospital administrator from 1870 to 1877. Cope was Superior General of the congregation when in 1883, in response to a plea for help from King Kalākaua of Hawaii, she led a group of sisters to Honolulu, where they helped develop the medical infrastructure in Hawaiʻi and care for persons suffering leprosy on the island of Molokaʻi. Cope was canonized a saint in 2012.
In 1898, the sisters opened St. Patrick's Home in Lowell, Massachusetts for young women working in the mills.
Sisters of St. Francis Third Order Regular of Buffalo
Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia were also sent to Buffalo, New York in response to the plea of the Redemptorist priests to serve the people of the rapidly growing city. The community in Buffalo became a separate congregation in the autumn of 1863, the Sisters of St. Francis Third Order Regular of Buffalo (Williamsville Franciscans). The motherhouse was St. Mary of the Angels.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrdom%20of%20Saint%20Thomas%20%28Rubens%29
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Martyrdom of Saint Thomas (Rubens)
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The Martyrdom of Saint Thomas is an oil on canvas painting, painted by Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens in the years 1637-1638. It depicts St. Thomas the Apostle's martyrdom in Chennai, India on 3 July in 72 CE and was painted for the altar of the Barefoot Augustinian church in Prague, St. Thomas's Church. The Martyrdom of Thomas is notable for Rubens's erroneous use of classical architecture to depict an Indian building in the background of the image and his fantastical depiction of a Hindu god. This painting is now in the collection of the Národní Gallery in Prague.
Description
Ruben's The Martyrdom of Saint Thomas depicts the apostle the moment he is struck by a spear, causing his death. There are eleven figures present; five being angels, five being Brahmins, and the last is Thomas himself. Dressed in black and barefoot, Thomas clutches a stone cross while reaching towards an angel handing him a palm frond. There is a Brahmin behind him holding a dagger above Thomas and another coming towards him, about to hurl a rock at him. Behind them is a Roman styled domed building with spiral columns, a devil-like idol figure, and elephants heads. There are also two palm trees and in the space between the cross, Thomas, and the dark-skinned figure is waves from the sea. Originally, this painting was larger in size, with another palm tree and Brahmin figure. When Prague's St. Thomas Church was severely damaged in 1723 by lightning, the church had to be reconstructed. During this time, a frame was redesigned which caused it to be trimmed around on all sides. The only known image of the original composition is a print based on the original engraved by Jacob Neeffs.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrdom%20of%20Saint%20Thomas%20%28Rubens%29
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Martyrdom of Saint Thomas (Rubens)
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Subject matter
According to legend, Saint Thomas was a skilled architect and Apostle, whom was called upon by the Lord to travel to India. The king of India, Gundoferus, was seeking an architect to build him a Roman styled palace, a "mirabili palatio" (magnificent palace). Although Saint Thomas was hesitant to go, the Lord promised to guide him safely and insisted it was Saint Thomas who would become a missionary for the "heathens". Along with the promise of safety, God promised for Saint Thomas to join him in heaven through martyrdom. Thomas soon went to India and was entrusted with funds to build the king a palace while he was away on a journey. Instead, Thomas distributed the money among the people and begun his mission. The king's brother, wanting a palace as well, summoned Thomas to work for him. When Thomas refused, instead offering the kingdom of God, the king's brother sent for him to be found and tortured. Thomas challenged the king's brother, announcing he would worship a pagan god, only if God did not destroy the idol in the same moment. If God were to destroy it, the men sent to kill Thomas would have to convert to Christianity. When Thomas began to bend down to worship the idol, it melted like wax. Instead of converting, the Brahmins attacked Thomas in the name of their idol, killing him with a spear.
Commission
Jan Svitavsky commissioned The Martyrdom of Saint Thomas alongside Saint Augustine at the seashore for the altar in the church. Svitavsky commissioned both of these paintings serving his last period of office as the prior of Prague's Augustinian monastery. Rubens was paid 945 guilders for this commission.
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72840303
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Bradbury%20%28printer%29
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William Bradbury (printer)
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In 1824 Bradbury and Dent published their first book, The Poll for the Election of a Knight of the Shire for the County of Lincoln, taken November 26 to December 6, 1823, following which they relocated to London, where they set up their printing business at 76 Fleet Street, During one of the firm's several moves they gained another partner, Samuel Manning, and became Bradbury, Dent, and Manning. In 1830 that partnership was dissolved and Bradbury entered into a new one with the printer Frederick Mullett Evans (1803-1870). Bradbury's long experience in all aspects of printing and his ability to personally oversee the most difficult of jobs earned Evan's respect, he later commenting on "Bradbury's excellent taste as a printer and his influence in raising the quality of printing in England."
Bradbury and Evans
In July 1833 Bradbury and Evans installed a newly designed large, steam-driven cylinder printing press which they kept running twenty-four hours a day six days a week. For the first ten years of the firm's existence Bradbury and Evans were printers, but they added publishing in 1841 after they acquired the satirical magazine Punch. Bradbury and Evans began the tradition of holding a weekly dinner for the contributors to Punch which Bradbury regularly attended in the early years, and the magazine's staff became the nucleus of the owners' social circle. A keen gardener, in 1841 he co-founded perhaps the most famous horticultural periodical, The Gardeners' Chronicle along with John Lindley, Charles Wentworth Dilke and Joseph Paxton.
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72840509
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Five%20Senses%20%28Wautier%29
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The Five Senses (Wautier)
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Touch
The painting is a representation of a young boy wearing a white shirt under a black jacket with buttoned sleeves. With his right hand, fingers scrunched, scratching his head while looking down onto his left index finger. His index finger has a cut on it, letting the blood drip down. A sharpened stick laid next to a knife on the table indicated he had cut his finger while whittling. The expression is written all over his face, scrunched up nose and parted lips showing grimace.
Subject
During the 1600s in the Dutch Republic, the art market had been dominated by landscapes, portraits, genre works, and still lifes. Genre scenes depicting boys and teenagers, which have been set in a trend dominated by Michael Sweerts.
During the 17th century in the early modern Netherlands, conveying the five senses in artistic series became as popular as depicting the four seasons, the four elements, and the four temperatures. During this period in time, there was philosophical interest about how people interacted with the world. The five senses were seen as a way for people to gain knowledge about the world around them and how it was viewed. Considering other artists; Jan Brueghel and Peter Paul Rubens have painted The Five Senses, their main pieces consisted of women models in landscapes. Wautier set herself apart by using young, teenage boys as her main focus for the five senses. This was a time period where people were looking at the world around them.
Painting methods
Wautier used a common method throughout the five paintings; constructing three-dimensional forms, darkly light backgrounds, and short, thick paint strokes. Such paint strokes were done tight and carefully that it is only visible when looked up closely or seen in high definition photos
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72840916
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy%20Cave
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Daisy Cave
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Pieces of cordage and basketry from the Holocene (11,700 years ago to the present) have been found in deposits within the Daisy Cave. During Rozaire's 1967 excavation, "over 400 pieces of cordage, clumps of sea grass, and a 13.5 cm x 6 cm piece of a twined sea grass mat or robe" were found deeper within the cave. The most ancient pieces of basketry (basketry is a general term used to describe "baskets, bags, matting, sandals, and other items made with similar techniques and materials,") were discovered in the 1990s and compete in age with some of the oldest fauna remains that have been found so far.
Fossils
Unlike the mainland of California, an extensive variation of animals is not prevalent. Evidence of dogs, foxes, skunks, birds and mice have been found during the many excavations that have taken place since the early 1900s. Some of the most striking fossil discoveries within the Daisy Cave include those of various rodent species, evidence of the short-faced bear, and remains of two mammoth species.
Diet
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine%20Love%20Conquering%20Earthly%20Love%20%28Baglione%29
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Divine Love Conquering Earthly Love (Baglione)
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Divine Love Conquering Earthly Love is an oil on canvas painting dating to 1602–1603, that is now held in the collection of the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica in Palazzo Barberini, Rome. It was painted by Italian painter Giovanni Baglione. It is the second version that Baglione painted of this subject; the first version is now in the Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen in Berlin. Both of these versions were painted for Cardinal Benedetto Giustiniani, an Italian clergyman.
The painting was done as a reference and competitive response to Caravaggio’s piece Love Victorious, with its debated symbolism of the figures and imagery. This resulted in a rivalry between Baglione and his contemporary, Caravaggio; Baglione accused Caravaggio of circulating poems that were disparaging the painting, which in 1603, resulted into a libel lawsuit.
Description
Scholar Beverly Louise Brown states that the painting depicts Eros, the god of love and desire, as an armor-clad angel, as he draws back with his arms, aiming for a final thrust to kill the figure in the bottom right whom Brown also stated to be Cupid. The figure underneath Eros is a religious figure described as a provocatively naked beautiful young boy, with humanly features, as he lays defenseless on the ground. This depiction of the young boy was a challenge to his contemporaries' moral values.
In the background at the bottom left, there is a devil with faun ears, holding a trident as he crouches down with an anguished and surprise look facing the viewer.
This piece is a depiction of a battle between Eros and Anteros, the god of requited love, trying to win over the soul of a man. However, if the two individuals resolved their complication, then they would be achieving the perfect love.
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72841908
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia%20krusei
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Magnolia krusei
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Magnolia krusei is a species of plant in the family Magnoliaceae. It is endemic to Mexico.
Description
Magnolia krusei is a medium-sized to large tree, growing ups to 25 meters high with a trunk diameter of 50 to 100 cm. It is similar in appearance to Magnolia iltisiana and M. tamaulipana, but differs from those related species in its smaller flowers and follicles. The seeds are spread by birds.
Range and habitat
Magnolia krusei is known from one location in the Sierra Madre del Sur of central Guerrero state, around Acahuizotla and San Roque in the mountains south of Chilpancingo. A second population may occur further east in the Sierra Madre del Sur of neighboring Oaxaca state. Its known population has an estimated area of occupancy of only 10 to 500 km2. The area of potential forest remaining in the area is 9,120 km2.
It is found in montane cloud forests dominated by oaks (Quercus spp.) on soils derived from shale rocks between 1140 and 1600 meters elevation.
Conservation
The species threatened by habitat loss from forest clearance, including for illegal crops. Its known populations are outside protected areas, and there is no plan for the species' conservation. It is assessed as endangered.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational%20infectious%20disease
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Occupational infectious disease
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In veterinary medicine
Veterinarians are exposed to unique occupational hazards when it comes to zoonotic disease, including exposure to blood-borne pathogens. The close interactions with animals put veterinarians at increased risk of contracting zoonoses. A systematic review of veterinary students found that between 17 – 64% had acquired a zoonotic disease during their studies. The animal species, work setting, health and safety practices, and training can all affect the risk of injury and illness. Needlestick injuries can result in bloodborne-pathogen exposures; they are the most common accidents among veterinarians, but are likely underreported.
From patients
In the health sector, the most common occupational infections are blood-borne pathogens including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS; tuberculosis; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); and respiratory infections such as coronaviruses (including COVID-19) and influenza. Healthcare workers are also at risk for diseases that are contracted through extended contact with a patient, including scabies. Emerging infection disease is also of concern.
Health professionals are at risk for contracting blood-borne diseases through needlestick injuries or contact with bodily fluids. In epidemic situations, such as the 2014-2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic or the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak, healthcare workers are at even greater risk, and were disproportionately affected in both the Ebola and SARS outbreaks. Risk can be mitigated with vaccination when there is a vaccine available, like with hepatitis B.
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72842327
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Luke%27s%20Cultural%20Heritage%20Centre
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St. Luke's Cultural Heritage Centre
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St. Luke's Cultural Heritage Centre (formerly St. Luke's Anglican Church) is a heritage centre in the town of Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Formerly an Anglican church, it has since been acquired by the Placentia Area Historical Society and is used for hosting events throughout the year. The historical society also owns the O'Reilly House Museum which is located next-door to the heritage centre. Until the 1950s, St. Luke's was considered the smallest church in Newfoundland.
History
St. Luke's sits on the site of the oldest Catholic church in Newfoundland, with the oldest church being built by the Recollet friars in 1689, and was more than likely used by Anglicans after Placentia was handed to English rule after the Treaty of Utrecht. In the year 1563, a Basque sailor by the name of Domingo de Luca fell ill aboard a ship, and requested that he be buried in Placentia saying in his will "that my body be buried in this port of Plazençia in the place where those who die here are usually buried". His will is oldest-known civil document written in Canada, and is currently kept in archive in Spain. It implies the existence of a place where Basque people were laying their people to rest, which is more than likely where Basque headstones were found dating back to as early as 1676. These headstones are now on display at the nearby O'Reilly House Museum. Plenty of other old gravestones fill the graveyard surrounding the site, many having a story of their own to tell.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20McCarthy%20%28academic%29
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David McCarthy (academic)
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David McCarthy (born July 11, 1981) is a civil engineer, urban hydrologist, and an academic. He is a professor in the Civil Engineering Department at Queensland University of Technology. He is the founder of the Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab) and the BoSL Water Monitoring and Control lab, both at Monash University. His research interests span the field of integrated water management, with a particular focus on urban hydrology, stormwater harvesting and reuse, and green water technologies.
McCarthy is a Churchill Fellow, FASIC Fellow, and a Victoria Fellow. He is an Editor of Water Research.
Education
McCarthy earned a BSc in mathematics and physics in 2004, and a Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering in 2005 from Monash University. He undertook postgraduate research in the Civil Engineering Department there from 2005 and completed his PhD in 2009. His PhD thesis was titled "Modeling microorganisms in urban stormwater".
Career
Following his PhD, McCarthy started his academic career as a Lecturer in the Civil Engineering Department at Monash University in 2010. Later, in 2013, he was appointed Senior Lecturer, a position he held for two years. Since 2016, he has been serving as an associate professor in Water Engineering in the Civil Engineering Department at Monash University. In 2023, he moved to Queensland University of Technology.
He was a Project Leader at the CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, where he researched passive treatment technologies to efficiently remove micropollutants and pathogens from various water sources.
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72842792
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional%20Act%20on%20State%20Independence%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20Azerbaijan
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Constitutional Act on State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan
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Constitutional Act on State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan () was adopted on October 18, 1991 after discussions in the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan. With this Constitutional Act, the state independence of Azerbaijan was restored. On December 29, 1991, this issue was discussed in a national referendum, and 95% of the population voted for the country's independence, sovereignty, and independence.
History
On August 30, 1991, at the extraordinary session of the Supreme Soviet, after intensive discussions, the Declaration "On restoring the state independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan" was adopted. In the document, it was emphasized that the Republic of Azerbaijan is the successor of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, which existed in 1918-1920. At the same time, the parliament adopted a decision on the preparation of another law - the Constitutional Act - to create the constitutional foundations of Azerbaijan's state independence.
On October 8, 1991, the extraordinary session of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan, which began its work, held discussions for 4 days. Finally, on October 18, 1991, the session of the Supreme Soviet adopted a historical document - the Constitutional Act on State Independence.
At that time, 258 out of 360 deputies of the Supreme Council voted for the act, the rest either did not participate in the session or voted against it.
The text
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature
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1979 Nobel Prize in Literature
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The 1979 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Greek poet Odysseas Elytis (1911–1996) "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness." He is the second Greek recipient of the literature prize after another poet Giorgos Seferis in 1963.
Laureate
Influences of surrealism meet traditional Greek literature in the poetry of Odysseas Eytis. Most of his poems celebrates light, the sun, his native country's historic ruins, the blue sea, and the rocky terrain of Greece. Elytis' experiences during World War II introduced a darker element and tone into his poetic world. One of his most prominent works is Άξιον Εστί ("It Is Worthy", 1959), in which poetry and prose intermingle as in old Byzantine liturgy. His other significant oeuvres include Έξη και μια τύψεις για τον ουρανό ("Six Plus One Remorses For The Sky", 1960), Ο ήλιος ο ηλιάτορας ("The Sovereign Sun", 1971), Τα Ρω του Έρωτα ("The Trills of Love", 1973).
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72844719
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gokuldas%20Malpani
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Gokuldas Malpani
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He expanded his business to the large cities of Bombay, Calcutta and even Rangoon in Burma. The shops at Bombay, Calcutta and Rangoon were considered to be one of the biggest of their respective markets. He used spend 9 months each year on a tour of his shops spread across the country, for the purpose of surveillance and maintaining discipline.
In the 1880s, he focused on consolidating his family's commercial and position of prestige in the Central Provinces. He initially became a member and then president of the Municipal council of Jabalpur in the 1880s. He was repeatedly elected unopposed and subsequently his nephew Vallabh Das succeeded him to the post uninterrupted for the next 18 years. In 1883, Lord Ripon, the Viceroy of British India conferred the title of "Rai Bahadur" upon him. In 1889, he was given the title of Raja or "ruler" by the British government in recognition of his great wealth and power. This was also because he was a large malguzar (landlord), owning more than 200 villages and estates across the country, especially in the Central Provinces. He was elected as president of the first caste association, the Maheshwari Sabha.
In 1889, he also constructed the building of Madhya Pradesh High Court at Jabalpur at the cost of about Rupees Three Lacs.
Personal life
Gokuldas had a half-brother named Gopaldas, who was two years younger than him and with whom Gokuldas was very close. Gopaldas died young in 1869, leaving his son Vallabh Das in the former's care.
Gokuldas was married to Chunni Bai, the daughter of Pratapchand, a well known banker from Jaipur. In 1862, he had a son named Vitthal Das from Chunni Bai. However, Vitthal Das died in 1869, four years after his father Khushalchand's death. A second son named Jeevan Das was born to him in 1871, whose birth was believed to be the result of a saint's benediction.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Sandford
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Margaret Sandford
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Margaret Elizabeth Sandford born Margaret Elizabeth Poole (20 March 1839 – 1903) was an English headmistress and author. She was an anti-suffragist who led The Queen's School, Chester from 1886.
Life
Sandford was born in Bridgwater in 1839. Her parents were Maria (born Westmacott) and Gabriel Stone Poole who was a solicitor. Her education is not known but by 1867 her writing was published in a magazine and by 1870 she had her first book published which was titled Pictures of Cottage Life in the West of England.
She married Henry Ryder Poole Sandford. Her parents-in-law were Elizabeth Sandford whose books advised women to accept their domestic and secondary role to men and her father-in-law, John Sandford, was the Archdeacon of Coventry. Her new husband was her second cousin, and her sister Ethel Maria Ruscombe Poole married her husband's brother Ernest Grey Sandford.
Her husband died 1883 and she was considered as a candidate to Girton College's mistress but she took the position of assistant mistress at the Girls' Public Day School Company's Sheffield high school. Sandford taught divinity, history, and literature there until 1886 when she became the head of The Queen's School in Chester. She extended the curriculum including languages, mathematics, chemistry, gymnastics, and she introduced a novel approach to art developed by Robert Aplett in Bradford.
Sandford was open to women being involved in the administration of education but she was opposed to women gaining the right to vote. In 1895 she had a public debate with the suffragist leader Millicent Fawcett on the question of women having the vote. She was the head of the school until she died in 1903.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelo%20Market
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Modelo Market
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Modelo Market () is a handicraft market located in the city of Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil. It was inaugurated on February 2, 1912, and has occupied, since 1971, the building of the old Salvador Customs House. It is located in the Comércio neighborhood, one of the oldest and most traditional commercial areas of Salvador, and is an important tourist attraction, visited by 80% of the city's tourists. Facing the Bay of All Saints, it is next to the Lacerda Elevator and the Historic Center (which includes Pelourinho). In neoclassical style architecture, the building is listed by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional - IPHAN).
With 8,410 square meters and two floors, it houses 266 stores that offer the largest variety of handicrafts, gifts, and souvenirs from Bahia, and has two of the most traditional Bahian restaurants, Maria de São Pedro, with eighty years of existence, and Camafeu de Oxóssi.
The song Mercado Modelo, by Antônio Carlos, Jocafi and Ildázio Tavares, laments in its lyrics the 1969 fire that destroyed the original building. The song was recorded in 1973 by the singer Vanusa and released on her fourth album.
History
The Mercado Modelo arose out of the need for a supply center in the Lower City of Salvador. Between the old Customs House building and Largo da Conceição, it was a commercial center where it was possible to acquire items as varied as fruit and vegetables, cereals, animals, cigars, cachaças, and Candomblé articles. Thus, the market was inaugurated on February 2, 1912 in a building next to the old Customs House building, which had been built in 1860 and inaugurated in 1861. The market's supply was served by the ramp that bears its name, former port of the schooners that crossed the Bay of All Saints.
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72845724
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature
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1945 Nobel Prize in Literature
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The 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) "for her lyric poetry, which inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world." She is the fifth female and first Latin American recipient of the literature prize.
Laureate
Lucila Godoy Alcayaga borrowed the pseudonym, Gabriela Mistral, from her favorite poets, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Frédéric Mistral. Her poetry is distinguished by intense emotion and straightforward language, having been influenced also by the modernist movement. Affection, deceit, sorrow, nature, travel, and love for children are some of their major themes. Mistral's first prominent poetry collection was Desolación ("Despair"), published in 1922. Ternura ("Tenderness"), published in 1924, contains nursery rhymes and lullabies for children whereas Tala ("Harvesting", 1938) makes use of strange imagery and free verse. She was well-known for writing op-eds for major Chilean newspapers such as El Coquimbo: Diario Radical and La Voz de Elqui. In her country, she became the first female to be awarded the National Prize for Literature.
Deliberations
Nominations
Mistral received eight nominations beginning in 1940. For 1945, she was nominated by the newly inducted Swedish Academy member Elin Wägner (1882–1949) by which she was eventually awarded. In total, the Nobel Committee received 23 nominations for 18 writers. Four of the nominees were nominated first-time: Thomas Stearns Eliot (awarded in 1948), Yiorgos Theotokas, Edward Morgan Forster, and Marie Under. There were four female nominees namely Elisaveta Bagryana, Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício, Gabriela Mistral and Marie Under.
The French poet Paul Valéry was nominated for the tenth, eleventh and twelfth time by three members of the Swedish Academy. It is believed that the Academy intended to award Valéry the prize in 1945, but he died in July.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic%20Psalter
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Celtic Psalter
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The Celtic Psalter (University of Edinburgh MS 56) is a 114-page, 11th-century psalter and is likely to be the oldest Scottish book to be still kept within Scotland.
Its exact origins are unknown, however it is similar to books made in Irish and Scottish monasteries at the time, which strongly suggests it was produced somewhere within Scotland, possibly by monks in a monastery in Iona.
Contents
Many bindings for the book have been made over time as the original has long since been lost. The current binding was created by Douglas Cockerell in 1914 in Celtic style.
History
The book is dated sometime in the early 1000s or perhaps earlier. Analysis of gold pigment by A.P. Laurie on one of the pages shows it contains river-washed gold dust which has at latest been found in the Canterbury psalter in the early 1000s and is absent past the 11th century. The earliest owner known of the manuscript is John Reid, chancellor of Aberdeen, in 1537, who has left an inscription within. There are no other marks of ownership apart from an erased inscription on the first page. It was then acquired by the University of Edinburgh library at some point before 1636 as shown by a manuscript catalogue of that date.
A common rumour is that the book was commissioned for Saint Margaret of Scotland as a love token by Malcom III since the book has been dated to around that period.
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72846168
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss%20sausages%20and%20cured%20meats
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Swiss sausages and cured meats
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Sausages and cured meats are widely consumed in Switzerland. Meat in general is consumed on a daily basis, pork being particularly ubiquitous in Swiss cuisine. Preserving meat by smoking it or by adding salt has been done for millennia in Switzerland.
History
Salt was hardly used as a means of preservation before the 2nd millennium BC, as the archaeological excavations carried out near salt resources seem to indicate. In the Lower Engadine, beef and pork were smoked as early as the 1st millennium BC; this is attested by pierced shoulder blades found on archeological sites. Smoking meat was probably common since the Neolithic, as livestock had to be slaughtered before the long winter season. This has not changed much throughout history: until the 19th century, animals were typically slaughtered in November, then cut up for salting, smoking and making sausages. Since the meat could not be refrigerated easily, its fresh consumption was limited to the time of slaughter.
Current meat-curing techniques and recipes are attested since the Late Middle Ages. In 1438, the statutes of the Butchers' Guild of St. Gallen mention a veal sausage. In Valais, dried meat specialities made from beef are attested in Münster's 1544 Cosmographia. The Walser people, who also occupied other Alpine territories, such as the Grisons and Ticino, are sometimes credited for this speciality. Grisons Meat is described by 18th century travellers, in particular by Johann Gottfried Ebel who notes that "the air is so dry from Sils to St. Moritz between the months of October and March that meat is dried instead of being smoked".
Raw ham was probably also produced since the Late Middle Ages, especially in southern Switzerland. While drying techniques are common in Valais, Ticino and the Grisons, smoking techniques are more common in northern Switzerland. These differences reflect those between northern and southern Europe.
Meat products
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72846361
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstruation%20and%20humoral%20medicine
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Menstruation and humoral medicine
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Beliefs on menstruation and conception
The humoral model was not the only way menstruation was understood in the early modern period. The four humours helped guide physicians to give remedies for menstrual problems, but there were different understandings of what menstruation might be caused by. The two main beliefs surrounding menstruation were either that it was necessary to remove an excess of blood, or to purify blood. Some believed that women had an excess of blood which the body needed to get rid of in the form of a period. This excess was due to the belief that women's bodies could not use all of the blood in their body unlike men, making them weaker. Others believed in the Aristotelian model, which purifies women's blood. According to this model, after menstruation a purified substance is left which forms a foetus once mixed with the male seed. A further function of menstrual blood was proposed by the Galen model. This was the belief that after conception the foetus was nourished in the womb by menstrual blood. This shows that in early modern period menstrual blood and conception itself were linked together.
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72846374
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic%20staghorn%20sculpin
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Arctic staghorn sculpin
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Distribution and habitat
The Arctic staghorn sculpin is found in the Arctic Ocean and the northeastern and northwestern Atlantic Ocean. In North American waters it is normally found as far south as the Gulf of St Lawrence, occasionally reaching Maine. In the European waters it ranges from the eastern coasts of Greenland, Iceland, along the northern coast of Norway north to the White Sea and the Barents Sea to Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya. This is a benthic fish which lives in shallow water near to shore down to depths of around , although it is normally found at depths of less than . It has been recorded on a variety of substrates including mud, gravel and rock, burrowing into sand and muddy-sand substrates.
Biology
The Arctic staghorn sculpin is a predator of polychaetes, gastropods, krill, benthic amphipods and echiurids. They in turn are preyed on by larger fishes such as Arctic cod, Atlantic cod, Bering flounder and polar eelpout. They spawn in the late autumn to winter, the females laying 2,000 to 5,500 demersal eggs which hatch into pelagic larvae and juveniles which descend to the sea bed lengths of . They are sexually mature by 5–6 years old or .
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72847726
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustad%20Ahmad%20Farooq%20%28terrorist%29
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Ustad Ahmad Farooq (terrorist)
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Ustad Ahmad Farooq (language/; − 15 January 2015), born Raja Muhammad Salman () was a Pakistani Islamist jihadi who served as the deputy Emir of Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent, as well as Al-Qaeda's chief media person in Pakistan. It is believed he played a vital role in establishing Al-Qaeda in Pakistan after the September 11 attacks.
Early life
Ahmad was born in Brooklyn between 1979 and 1981 to a Pakistani family. He was from Islamabad and received Sharia education at the International Islamic University, Islamabad. He joined Al-Qaeda and quickly rose to become its chief propagandist in Pakistan, releasing several videos, audio clips and writings perpetuating his views.
Death
On 15 January 2015, Usama Mahmood, the spokesman for Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent confirmed that Ustad Ahmad Farooq, had been killed in drone attacks conducted by the U.S. in the Lowara Mandi area of North Waziristan. President Barack Obama announced that, in the same drone strike, hostage aid workers Giovanni Lo Porto and Warren Weinstein were killed as collateral damage.
| 2.09375
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72848324
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Jim%20Mayo
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Sarah Jim Mayo
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Sarah Jim Mayo (1858 – December 1918) was a Washoe basket weaver. The daughter of the tribal leader Captain Jim Henukeha, Mayo rose to prominence in the early 1900s for her innovations in basketry. She is credited with expanding the traditionally simple Washoe baskets to include a wide palette of colors and pictorial designs. Baskets created by Mayo were delivered to Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.
Biography
Early life
Sarah Jim Mayo was born in 1858 in the traditional Washoe lands of the Carson Valley of Nevada. She was the youngest daughter of Captain Jim, also known by his traditional name He'nu-keha, the principal chief of the Washoe people and an ally of the United States government in the region. During the Paiute War of 1860, Captain Jim was instrumental in ensuring peace between the Washoe and the white settlers after he surrendered his firearms. Captain Jim died in 1868.
Throughout her life, Mayo followed the typical Washoe transhumant migration patterns. In the spring and summer, the Washoe would camp on the southern shore of Lake Tahoe, near the modern-day Tallac Village, California, where they would cater to the large tourist population. In the winter, the Washoe returned to the Carson Valley; however, as much of the Carson Valley became claimed by white ranchers, the Washoe needed to seek employment in order to obtain permission to camp on their traditional lands. Mayo worked as a domestic servant at ranch houses, and she would make and sell traditional Washoe baskets to both tourists and ranchers.
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