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72848360
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suit%20of%20Lights%20%28song%29
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Suit of Lights (song)
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"Suit of Lights" is a song written and performed by new wave musician Elvis Costello that was first released on his 1986 album King of America. Written about Costello's memories of his father, the song includes introspective lyrics about the "dubious embrace of celebrity" while also featuring the sole performance of the Attractions on the album, who were largely supplanted by the studio professionals of the Confederates on the rest of King of America.
Released on King of America as the penultimate track, the song has since seen positive reception from critics and has appeared on compilation albums.
Background
"Suit of Lights" was written by Elvis Costello as a reflection on his father, Ross McManus, who was a professional bandleader for the Joe Loss orchestra. Costello commented, "This was inspired by watching my father, Ross, sing of experience and tenderness to an uncomprehending rabble of karaoke-trained dullards. The lessons I might have learned from my own words seemed only to have dawned on me after the event." The bitterness that Costello felt from observing this resulted in what he described as "a dense lyric written from the jaundices performer's perspective about mob instinct and how one man's amusement is another man's job of work." At early stages of the album's composition, some lyrics that finally appeared in "Suit of Lights" were instead written as part of "Jack of All Parades".
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72848946
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handojo%20Tjandrakusuma
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Handojo Tjandrakusuma
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Handojo Tjandrakusuma (born Tjan Dhiam Bo, 20 November 1938, Pacitan Regency) is a doctor who devotes himself to the rehabilitation of people with disabilities.
Early life and education
Tjan Dhiam Bo was born on 20 November 1938 in Pacitan Regency, Indonesia. He studied medicine at Airlangga University, Surabaya, graduating in 1966.
As a young doctor, he had a choice: work in a big city or take responsibility and accompany his elderly parents living in Solo at that time. So he decided to go to Solo. To make it easier to find work, he applied to work at Rehabilitation Center (RC) Solo. Suharso did build RC after the independence war, after seeing the many victims with disabilities that needed to be treated. The basis for Tjandrakusuma’s choice is simple because not many doctors are interested in this field.
In 1968, Tjandrakusuma was sent to study in Lebanon for six months. He studied with several doctors from other countries, who were sent by World Health Organization. Lebanon was chosen because many war victims need skills training to overcome their disabilities.
Handling disabled people
At RC, Tjandrakusuma worked under Soeharso, director of the rehabilitation centre. Gradually he became more interested in the ministry, and eventually fell in love with working at RC and the Foundation for People with Disabilities (YPAC). After three months serving at RC, Tjandrakusuma finally decided to close his private practice in the afternoon. However, the practice is quite in demand. Every day no less than 30 patients come for treatment. Tjandrakusuma closed his practice after he consulted with his wife. Now his life completely depends on the salary of civil servants. His mother and close friends thought Tjandrakusuma was a bit crazy.
Several months after closing the practice, his son became seriously ill and had to be hospitalized. After recovering, it turned out that he did not have enough money to pay off the hospital fees. He was forced to borrow money from his mother.
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72849002
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrodon%20subulatus
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Acrodon subulatus
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Acrodon subulatus, the Overberg tiptoothfig, is a species of mesemb from South Africa.
Description
Acrodon subulatus is a compact perennial succulent. It lacks adventitious roots and has only a tap root. The internodes are not visible. The dark green leaves have a broad base and a pointed tip. The leaves are long and thick. The keel and margin may or may not have teeth, although the broad-based and flexible teeth are present more often than not.
Flowers are present between November and April. They are white or pale pink with purple margins and a purple central line. They have a diameter of about . The stamens and filamentous staminodes form a dense central cone. The bracts reach less than halfway up the stem bearing a single flower. The fruits are borne on long, erect stalks. The closing body is lens-shaped and splits with pressure.
This species shares the traditional compact Acrodon growth form with Acrodon bellidiflorus and Acrodon caespitosus. It is the smallest and most compact of the three species and has the slenderest leaves.
Distribution and habitat
This species is endemic to the Western Cape of South Africa, where it grows between Caledon and Stanford. It grows in Fynbos and Renosterveld areas on gravelly open patches that are shaded at times. This is a winter rainfall area.
Etymology
The species name (subulatus) refers to the way that the leaves taper from a broad base to a pointed tip.
Conservation
Acrodon subulatus is considered to be endangered by the South African National Biodiversity Institute. When the species was assessed in 2006, it was found that there were fewer than 270 mature individuals across five small (20-100 mature individuals) subpopulations. The species has an extent of occurrence of under and over 80 percent of this land has already been lost due to agriculture. The species is also threatened by spreading invasive species, such as shrubs and grasses.
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72849486
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Bieuzy
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Saint Bieuzy
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Saint Bieuzy was a 6th-century Breton hermit and companion of Saint Gildas who gave his name to the villages of Bieuzy (also known as Bieuzy-les-Eaux) and Bieuzy-Lanvaux, both in Morbihan. His name probably comes from the Old Breton biu, bihui, "living". His feast day is 24 November.
Life
Bieuzy was, it is said, a native of Great Britain who migrated to Brittany, and there became a hermit and a disciple of Saint Gildas. Tradition relates that in the year 538 Bieuzy went up the Blavet valley in the company of Gildas (who had previously founded the of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys): they established a hermitage or oratory consisting of a natural cave in a huge pile of rocks on the banks of the Blavet near Castennec. A few years later, Gildas returned to Rhuys, but Bieuzy remained, setting up a school nearby, around which a few inhabitants settled, at a place which has since become the village of Bieuzy. The establishments created by Gildas and Bieuzy were destroyed during the Norman invasions in the 9th or 10th century. Gildas and Bieuzy's oratory was refounded in the 16th century as the Chapelle Saint-Gildas. Saint Bieuzy became known as a holy healer of rabies, locally called le mal de Saint Bieuzy.
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72849486
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Bieuzy
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Saint Bieuzy
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According to the hagiographer Guy Autret de Missirien, Saint Bieuzy performed a curious miracle. Around 570, a servant asked him to interrupt his mass to go and heal his lord's pack of dogs suffering from rabies, but Bieuzy refused. The furious Breton lord came to split his skull with a sword (an axe, knife or cutlass according to other versions of the legend), the blow being so violent that the weapon remained planted there. Bieuzy found the strength to walk to the abbey of Rhuys where he died under the blessing of his master, Saint Gildas. During his journey to the abbey, Bieuzy is said to have spent a night in Bieuzy-Lanvaux (near Pluvigner) with the axe still embedded in his skull. The spring of Bieuzy-Lanvaux has since this event been under the protection of the holy healer of rabies and migraines. The legend also tells that the Breton lord, on his return home, found that all his horses and farm animals had gone mad; the dogs bit the tyrant and his servants to death.
His cult in Brittany
Bieuzy is the patron saint of Bieuzy (Bieuzy-les-Eaux) in Morbihan, and of Saint-Bihy near Quintin in Côtes-d'Armor.
The former parish of Bihoué in Morbihan was dedicated to Saint Bieuzy. It later became a , or sub-division of a parish, integrated into the parish of Quéven in Morbihan.
Saint Bieuzy's head is preserved in a reliquary at the Chapelle de Notre-Dame-des-Orties in the parish of Pluvigner.
A number of springs in Brittany are dedicated to him:
The (in Bieuzy), built in the 16th century by the Rimaison family, whose coat of arms is at the top of the fountain. The source of the Saint-Bieuzy fountain would cure rabies in any dog that has just been bitten, and also toothache in a man provided that he goes around the aedicule three times with his mouth full of water. The statuette of Saint Bieuzy which occupied the niche at the centre of the fountain has disappeared since 1974.
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72850092
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazran%20uprising
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Nazran uprising
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The uprising affected neighboring Ingush societies that were also were raising movements. On May 28, the Khamkhins held a public meeting to provide assistance to the Nazranians; they invited the Feappii and Dzherakh but these societies did not attend the meeting. At the same time, according to one Russian report, "a huge party of disobedient people stands not far from the village of Tsorins".
The uprising was led by three men: Chandyr Archakov, Magomet Mazurov and Dzhagostuko Bekhoev. Together with mullahs Bashir Ashiev (an ethnic Kumyk) and Urusbi Mugaev, they planned the uprising and took part in writing a letter to Imam Shamil on behalf of the entire Nazranian society with a proposal to take an oath of allegiance to Shamil and secede from Russian rule. Shamil replied to the letter with an appeal, calling for them to join his army.
Imam Shamil's support
The Ingush sought the support of Shamil, who decided to use this movement to further his political plans to combat the Russian offensive on Dagestan. On 29 May, Sabdulla Gekhinskiy, the naib (governor) of Gekhi, sent seven messengers to the Galashians and Nazranians with the announcement of Shamil's imminent arrival, and offered to hand over the amanats. On 1 June, the messengers returned to Shamil with the amanats brought from these societies. Shamil sent the amanats back, promising support and providing them with an appeal to the Ingush people for a general uprising. He carried out a general mobilization, gathering an 8,000-strong army—mostly Tavlins. In response to Shamil mobilizing troops, Russian forces gathered two divisions, six battalions, fourteen companies, sixteen Cossack sotnia, twenty-two cavalry, and foot-and-mountain guns. These Russian forces were located at strategically important points in Assinovskaya, Achkhoy-Martan, , and in front of the Vladikavkaz fortress. By taking advantage of the uprising of the Nazranians and Galashians, Shamil invaded Little Chechnya.
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72850092
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazran%20uprising
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Nazran uprising
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In August 1858, Shamil and a force of 4,000 again tried to break through to the Nazran area but in the Sunzha Valley, Russian forces led by Colonel Mishchenko immediately attacked Shamil's forces, which were completely destroyed, leaving Shamil no choice but to retreat. Shamil lost 370 of his men and 1,700 weapons while the Russians had only 16 men dead and 24 wounded. According to Shamil, he was invited by , the commander of the Military-Ossetian okrug, who promised to cooperate with him.
Aftermath
The Nazran uprising ended with a defeat for the rebels, which marked the conquest of Ingushetia by the Russian Empire. The leaders of the uprising; Chandyr Archakov, Magomed Mazurov, Dzhogast Bekhoev, mullahs Bashir Ashiev and Urusbi Mugaev were sentenced to death by hanging. Bekhoev escaped but later returned with confession and was forgiven by the Russian authorities; the others were hanged on 25 June 1858. Thirty-two people were each sentenced to 1,000 times running the gauntlet, thirty to hard labor, five to indefinite work in mines, and twenty-five to work in factories for eight years.
Furthermore, as recommended by Adjutant General Aleksandr Baryatinsky, the tsar of Russia Alexander II deprived the Nazranians of few privileges granted to them by Russia: 1) the Russian banner granted to them, 2) the dismissal of the two banner bearers and the termination of their annual salary of twelve silver rubles, and 3) the right not to pay taxes to the Russian authorities.
After the uprising, the Russian authorities forcibly merged smaller settlements into larger ones in the fall of 1858 to the spring of 1859 as they planned before the uprising. Thus were founded the villages of Plievo, Barsuki, , , , , Ekazhevo, Surkhakhi and , which were later populated by Ingush of the rivers of Assa, Sunzha and Kambileyevka in the late 1850s to early 1860s, whose villages were transformed into stanitsas and resettled by Cossacks.
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72850203
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christer%20Kierkegaard
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Christer Kierkegaard
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Rear Admiral Sören Christer Douglas Kierkegaard (17 July 1918 – 24 December 1999) was a Swedish Navy officer. Swedlund's senior commands include as Commander-in-Chief of the Coastal Fleet from 1970 to 1977 and commander of the East Coast Naval Base from 1977 to 1983.
Early life
Kierkegaard was born on 17 July 1918 at the Ekeberg estate in in Örebro Municipality, Sweden, the son of Nils Kierkegaard (1875–1962) and his wife Ingegerd (née Swensson). He had several siblings and half-siblings, including banker Christian Kierkegaard (1925–2003) and the professor of structural chemistry at Stockholm University (1928–1996). The Kierkegaard family originates from Horsens in Denmark. Kierkegaard's ancestor, Niels Christian Kierkegaard, was born in 1817, he traveled to Sweden in 1839 and became a shipbuilder there. He died in Gothenburg in 1869. From him descends the great Swedish family of landowners at Ekeberg estate.
Christer Kierkegaard passed studentexamen in Örebro in 1936 and began his military service as a cadet at the Royal Swedish Naval Academy in Stockholm. A few days after the outbreak of World War II, he graduated as an acting sub-lieutenant and was commissioned as an officer in the Swedish Navy.
Career
During the first years, Kierkegaard devoted himself to flight service at the naval reconnaissance Roslagen Air Corps (F 2) in , Östgöta Wing (F 3) in Malmslätt and Södermanland Wing (F 11) in Nyköping. His specialty was aerial reconnaissance, and he also served for a time as a reconnaissance pilot on the aircraft cruiser . During his service at Malmslätt, he made two visits to Milan, Italy to take part in the repatriation of the Italian twin-engine bomber and reconnaissance aircraft Caproni Ca.313, which in Sweden came to be called B 16 and S 16.
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72850375
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penstemon%20whippleanus
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Penstemon whippleanus
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The flowers are large, usually 20–27 mm in length and occasionally up to 30 mm in length with a width of 8–10 mm at the mouth. The flowers are most often a gothic black purple, but also can be violet, blue, and creamy white. The white form of the flower is mostly found in the mountains in the Great Basin and on Colorado's Grand Mesa and does not have an intermediate form with darker specimens. The flowers have fine lines inside the mouth of the flower that serve as nectar guides, white or lavender colored in dark forms of the flower and purple in light colored forms. The lower lip of the flower tube also has noticeable long white hairs.
The seed capsules are rounded with four lobes and stretching upwards to a sharp tip at the top of each lobe. Split open each capsule holds numerous seeds. The seeds require a 6 to 12 week cold stratification for good germination.
Taxonomy
Penstemon whippleanus was named and described by the famous American botanist Asa Gray in Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1862. He described it from a specimen collected by Dr. John Milton Bigelow made in October 1853 in the Sandia Mountains of New Mexico. He named it in honor of the leader of the expedition, Lt. Amiel Weeks Whipple. In the same issue he inadvertently described another specimen of P. whippleanus collected in Colorado by Charles Christopher Parry as Penstemon glaucus var. stenosepalus. In 1899 another collection was incorrectly described as a new species, Penstemon arizonicus, by Amos Arthur Heller in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. American botanist Thomas J. Howell reclassified Asa Gray's variety of P. glaucus as Penstemon stenosepalus in his book A flora of northwest America in 1901. Another specimen from Rabbit Ears Pass Colorado was described as Penstemon pallescens by George E. Osterhout in 1930.
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72850591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawbyite
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Mawbyite
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Chemical properties
The pure ferric end-member of the mineral is dimorphous with carminite, meaning they share the same formula but form different crystal structures. Furthermore, the unit cells of the two minerals are related. Mawbyite does not show any radioactive or fluorescent properties. It mainly consists of lead (35.12%), oxygen (24.16%), arsenic (23.09%) and iron (16.35%) by weight, but otherwise has zinc (1.01%) and contains a negligible amount of hydrogen (0.28%) as well. Due to lack of material of any composition, it could not be determined whether the mineral has water content in its composition, hence it is unknown whether the endmember is anhydrous or not. Due to the similarities between mawbyite and tsumcorite in systematic absences in the powder data, and due to laue symmetry, the space group is believed to be C2/m. It forms drusy crusts in spessartine- and quartz-rich host rocks in small cavities and on fractures, by the oxidation of primary sulfides and arsenites under less acidic pH conditions compared to its dimorph, which forms at around a level of 3 in pH. The type of the principal rocks which host the mineral are almost entirely made of quartz and spessartine. These hosts are friable to compact granular metamorphic rocks. In quartz, they line solution cavities. Due to its appearance, it may be confused with another lead-iron-arsenate, arsenbrackebuschite, although the latter has a much higher lead content.
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72850861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/152830%20Dinkinesh
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152830 Dinkinesh
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Name
Dinkinesh is the Amharic name for the Lucy fossil, after which NASA's Lucy mission is named. The name means "you are wonderful" in the Amharic language (). "Din(i)k’i" means "wonderful" and "nesh" means "you are" in feminine form of this pronoun and verb. The asteroid was unnamed when it was selected for exploration by the Lucy spacecraft, so the Lucy mission team proposed the name Dinkinesh to the International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN), which approved and announced the name on 6 February 2023.
Orbit
Dinkinesh orbits the Sun in the inner main asteroid belt on an elliptical orbit with an average distance of
2.19 astronomical units () and an orbital period of 3.24 years. With an orbital eccentricity of 0.112, Dinkinesh comes as close as from the Sun at perihelion to as far as at aphelion. The asteroid's orbit is inclined 2.1° with respect to the plane of the Solar System. Dinkinesh is possibly a member of the Flora family, a group of asteroids that share similar orbital characteristics as the family's parent asteroid 8 Flora.
Exploration
The Lucy spacecraft made a flyby of Dinkinesh from a distance of on 1 November 2023 16:54 UTC. Lucys flyby of Dinkinesh was announced by NASA and the Lucy science team on 25 January 2023, more than one year after Lucy had launched in October 2021. The asteroid was initially overlooked as a potential flyby target because it was too small. It was identified in August 2022 by Raphael Marschall, mission collaborator of the Nice Observatory, who investigated 500,000 asteroids for potential close approaches with the spacecraft. The original trajectory of Lucy took it within of Dinkinesh, but a series of planned trajectory correction maneuvers from May to September 2023 allowed Lucy to approach much closer.
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72850861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/152830%20Dinkinesh
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152830 Dinkinesh
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Visible light spectroscopy of Dinkinesh by two independent teams of researchers in November–December 2022 showed that it is an S-type asteroid, meaning it is mainly composed of rocky silicates and small amounts of metal. Spectral data obtained from the 10-meter Keck I telescope at Mauna Kea, Hawaii indicates that Dinkinesh belongs to the Sq subclass of S-type asteroids because it exhibits the 1 μm olivine and pyroxene spectral absorption band that is characteristically seen in Q-type asteroids. On the other hand, spectral data from the 8.1-meter Gemini South telescope at Cerro Pachón, Chile showed that Dinkinesh's spectrum more closely resembles a standard S-type asteroid with a shallower 1 μm band. This difference between the two measured spectra of Dinkinesh may be caused by either observational artifacts or compositional variations across Dinkinesh's surface as it rotates. If the latter possibility is true, then Dinkinesh's varying 1 μm band would indicate that there is space-weathered material that is unevenly distributed across its surface, likely due to impacts and surface topography.
Rotation and light curve
Dinkinesh rotates every . As Dinkinesh rotates, its brightness from Earth fluctuates due to its non-spherical shape, which can be inferred from the amplitude of the asteroid's rotational light curve. The first photometric observations of Dinkinesh's rotational light curve were attempted with the Teide Observatory's 0.8-m IAC-80 telescope at Tenerife, Spain in November 2022, but it did not observe Dinkinesh long enough to make conclusive findings. Longer photometric observations of Dinkinesh were made with the Calar Alto Observatory's 1.23-m telescope at Almería, Spain from November 2022–February 2023, which observed that Dinkinesh's brightness fluctuates by magnitudes every 52.67 hours. This light curve period is not caused by Dinkinesh's rotation; rather it caused by the tidally locked rotation of Selam, whose elongated shape produces the observed brightness fluctuations.
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72851094
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythian%20genealogical%20myth
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Scythian genealogical myth
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In consequence, the following Scythian kings kept the gold objects as both a royal and national treasure which acted as the symbol and legitimising source of their power and position, and which they had to renew each year through religious rituals to preserve the walfare and unity of the Scythians. Thus, priest-kings were in charge of restoring the lost primordial unity among the Scythians.
The sons of Kolaxšaya
The division of the Scythian kingdom between the three sons of Kolaxšaya transposed the Scythian three-fold cosmological structure and social structure composed of three classes onto the institution of Scythian kingship, and therefore also explained the division of Scythia into three kingdoms of which the king of the Royal Scythians was the High King. Thus, Scythia was ruled by three kings, of whom one was the supreme king who guarded the of Tāpayantī. This threefold kingship is a structure recorded in historical times in Herodotus's account of the Scythian campaign of the Persian king Darius I, when the Scythians were ruled by the three kings, namely Idanthyrsus, Skōpasis, and Taxakis, with Idanthyrsus being the Scythian high king while Skōpasis and Taxakis were sub-kings.
Kolaxšaya's partition of his kingdom among his three sons also explained the three-fold division of the Scythians into the three tribal groupings of the Royal Scythians, the Nomadic Scythians, and the Agricultural Scythians.
The horse of Kolaxšaya
The mention of a "horse of Kolaxšaya" () in a , recorded by Alcman and dedicated to Artemis Orthia or the Dioscuri, suggests that Kolaxšaya possessed an unruly and fabulous horse of a fiery nature which had a white coat. This horse might have been believed to be the ancestor of all war horses.
According to Valerius Flaccus's version of the genealogical myth, the horse of Kolaxšaya was killed by the Greek hero Jason, who then killed Kolaxšaya himself. This might reflect the passage of the Scythian genealogical myth where Kolaxšaya himself was murdered by his brothers.
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72851094
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythian%20genealogical%20myth
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Scythian genealogical myth
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Unlike the negative role of Echidna and of various snakes in Greek mythology, the partially serpentine anatomy of the "Scythian Echidna" denoted her connection with the earth, and therefore of her autochthony, and her theft of the mares of Hēraklēs was more akin to the jokes played on their lovers by beautiful maidens who were always forgiven. And unlike the stories where the animals of Hēraklēs were stolen by hostile enemies, the serpent maiden instead opposed the hero's civilising march and in the end obtained an ambiguous victory by permitting him to leave a permanent sign of his passage through the descendance he had with her.
Before Hēraklēs left Scythia, the mother goddess asked him whether she should settle them in her own land or send them to Hēraklēs once they have grown up, which was a way for her to ask whether the sons were to be Scythians (if they were to live with their mother) or Greeks (if they were to live with their father). Hēraklēs's response was to give them his bow, belt, and cup, which were instruments of culture, and declared that whoever among them would be able to string the bow and gird himself with the belt would become king.
However, Hēraklēs did not claim any of the children and instead instructed that the son who passed his test and therefore was the most like Hēraklēs himself would inherit Scythia, while the other less able brothers who were therefore less like Hēraklēs would be exiled to the north, in the direction opposite to Hēraklēs's destination in Greece.
The bow of Hēraklēs itself represented prosperity, wisdom, and life, and the trial he instructed the mother to put their sons through was meant to choose the most intelligent, skillful and strong one among them to be the king. His sacred union with the Scythian goddess also represented that of the friendly interactions of the Greeks with non-Greeks.
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72851094
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythian%20genealogical%20myth
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Scythian genealogical myth
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In Roman mythology, the story of the encounter of Hercules, who was the Italic equivalent of Hēraklēs, with the thief Cacus exhibits some parallels with the story of Hēraklēs's stay in Scythia: Cacus stole four bulls and four cows from the cattle of Geryon that Hercules was driving; this was a model for the historical sacrifice of cows and bulls at the site where Hercules was believed to have defeated Cacus. Although Cacus, like the Scythian Snake-Legged Goddess, had power over the land where he dwelt, the encounter between Hercules and Cacus in the Roman myth was wholly hostile, unlike the amorous one in the Scythian myth.
In Celtic mythology
The myth of Keltine
A genealogical legend similar to the Scythian genealogical myth existed in ancient Celtic mythology. This myth was later Hellenised by the ancient Greeks living on the southern coasts of Gaul and recorded by various classical authors.
The combination of the various versions of this myth provides a common narrative:
In Keltikē, that is the Celtic country, the king Bretan(n)os had a daughter named Keltinē or Keltō, who fell in love with "Hēraklēs" who was driving the cattle of Gēryōn from Iberia to Tiryns. Keltinē/Keltō stole the cattle of "Hēraklēs" to force him to have sexual intercourse with her, and from their union was born a son named Galatēs or Keltos to whom the mother gave a bow left by "Hēraklēs." Galatēs/Keltos became king after pulling the bow of "Hēraklēs," and the Celts were descended from him.
Another Celtic version adds that the princess, called Pyrene, bore Heracles a serpent for a son. Those legends are very similar to the Scythian genealogical myth, with common elements including "Hēraklēs" driving the cattle of Gēryōn from Iberia to Greece, and then meeting with a local woman who abducted his horses, having sexual intercourse with the woman, and the birth from this union of a son who founded a nation and became king by pulling his father's bow.
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72851513
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reign%20of%20Juan%20Carlos%20I
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Reign of Juan Carlos I
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Faced with the loss of support for his government, President Rodríguez Zapatero decided to bring forward the general elections by four months, to November 2011. The People's Party won an absolute majority of 186 deputies – its best result in history – while the PSOE only managed 110 deputies – its worst result until then. The United Left coalition, led by Cayo Lara, won 11 deputies. UPyD of Rosa Díez won 5 deputies, the Basque coalition Amaiur won six seats with a program defending the right of self-determination of Euskadi, and CiU displaced the PSC as the most voted party in Catalonia. The Socialists, big losers in the elections, held the 38th Federal Congress of the PSOE in February 2012, in Seville, in which Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba was elected secretary general by a narrow margin against Carme Chacón. On December 20, 2011, the leader of the PP Mariano Rajoy was invested as the sixth president of the Government of democracy.
The economic crisis and the social protest
As soon as it was formed, the Rajoy's Government agreed on a strong reduction of public spending to control the budget deficit — which exceeded 8% of GDP, above the limit agreed by Rodríguez Zapatero with the European Commission — thus continuing with the adjustment policies of the previous government and with the "structural reforms", the most important of which was the Labour Reform designed by the Minister of Employment Fátima Báñez and approved by the government in February 2012. The labor reform was rejected by the unions which held a general strike in March 2012, which was followed seven months later by the 2012 European general strike.
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71316808
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Poole%20%281696%29
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HMS Poole (1696)
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HMS Poole was a 32-gun fifth rate built by Joseph Nye & George Moore of East Cowes on the Isle of Wight in 1695/96. She spent the first part of her career on trade protection and counter piracy patrols. After 1719 she was converted to a fireship. She was finally sunk as a breakwater at Harwich in July 1737.
She was the first vessel to bear the name Poole in the English and Royal Navy.
Construction and specifications
She was ordered on 5 June 1695 to be built under contract by Joseph Nye & George Moore of East Cowes on the Isle of Wight. She was launched on 6 August 1696. Her dimensions were a gundeck of with a keel of for tonnage calculation with a breadth of and a depth of hold of . Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 381 tons (burthen).
The gun armament initially was four demi-culverins on the lower deck with two pair of guns per side. The upper deck battery would consist of between twenty and twenty-two 6-pounder guns with ten or eleven guns per side. The gun battery would be completed by four 4-pounder guns on the quarterdeck with two to three guns per side.
| 2.046875
| 0
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71316974
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Ryan%20%28priest%29
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Arthur Ryan (priest)
|
Arthur Ryan (1852–1922), was an Irish priest and poet, who served as president of St. Patrick's College, Thurles (1887–1903).
Arthur Ryan was born in 1852 the son of John Ryan, in Scarteen, Co. Limerick, into Catholic gentry, Ryan family of Scarteen House and Emily House. He was educated for the priesthood in Oscott College, and ordained in 1876 at Thurles for the Cashel diocese, by Archbishop Thomas Croke.
Fr. Ryan was appointed to St. Patrick's College Thurles in 1876 initially as Dean and Professor before being appointed president in 1887. He was made Vicar General of the diocese. In 1903 he was appointed parish priest in St. Michael's, Church, Tipperary town. He was succeeded in 1903, as president of the college by his vice-president Fr. James J. Ryan.
A poet he wrote in the United Irishman, Irish Monthly and Tipperary Leader, under the initials A.R. A staunch nationalist he supported John Redmond's view that participation by nationalists in the first world war would help achieve Home Rule. Redmond requested Canon Ryan, to act as a representative of the Irish Party on the Provisional Committee of the Irish Volunteers, encouraging Irishmen to join the Irish Volunteers in the first world war. Canon Ryan during Christmas 1916, ministered to regiments of the 16th Irish Division on the wastern front battlefields.
| 2.0625
| 0
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71317320
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padre%20%C3%8D%C3%B1igo%20Bridge
|
Padre Íñigo Bridge
|
Padre Íñigo Bridge (Spanish: Puente Padre Íñigo), also known as the Coamo Bridge (Puente de Coamo) or Bridge #174, is a historic lattice girder bridge that crosses the Coamo River in the municipality of the same name in southern Puerto Rico. It was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1995, and to the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2001.
The bridge, built between 1853 and 1879, is the earliest extant multi-span lattice girder bridge and the only one with continuous girders in Puerto Rico. Its foundations consist of precious wood piles 3 meters deep. Designed by engineer Raymundo Campubri, a noted builder-designer, it was manufactured by Eugene Rollin & Co. in Belgium for 29,590 francs. The 70-ton structure was brought from Europe aboard the ship Galeon. The bridge was built as part of the old Carretera Central, the first highway across the Cordillera Central mountain range. The bridge is now only open to pedestrians and a new bridge built in 1983 bypasses it today.
| 2.546875
| 0
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71317546
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murphyarachne
|
Murphyarachne
|
Murphyarachne is a monotypic genus of Peruvian tarantulas, with one species, Murphyarachne ymasumacae. It was first described by Sherwood and Gabriel in 2022. The genus is named after Frances Mary Murphy (1926 to 1995) and John Alan Murphy (1922 to 2021) for their contributions to arachnology, and the Greek term "arachne", which is the word for spider.
Description
Murphyarachne ymasumacae is named after Yma Sumac, a famous Peruvian opera singer. Its coloration at least preserved in alcohol is brown. The carapace has some patterning radiating from the femora, patellae, tibiae, and the pedipalp show some striping.
Diagnosis
This genus and species can be distinguished by the following features, such as the presence of lyre like stridulating hairs on the retrolateral palpal trochanter. And the spermatheca with two elongated receptacles which are fused forming a "Y" shape, they also own type 1 urticating hairs, with no pattern in the opisthosoma.
Habitat
They are found in Contamana, Peru, which is home to a tropical rainforest climate where temperatues are an average of 26°C, with average yearly rainfall of 2500mm.
| 2.359375
| 0
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71317594
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winifred%20Brown
|
Winifred Brown
|
Winifred Sawley Brown (also known as Winifred Adams; 26 November 1899 – 30 July 1984) was an English sportswoman, aviator and author. She was the first woman to win the King's Cup air race (in 1930). The race has been running annually since 1922.
Early life and career
Brown was born in 1899 in Cheshire. Her father was the director of a butcher firm. She was expelled from school at the age of 14, after writing graffiti featuring the headteacher on a toilet wall. She made her first flight in 1919, at Hooton Park Aerodrome, and she later took up flying lessons with the Lancashire Aero Club at Woodford Aerodrome, from where she received her pilot's licence in 1927. As the first female member of the Lancashire Aero Club, she was not allowed to take part in club events that were defined for all-male participants.
In 1927, she was photographed in her pilot's outfit by the Lafayette company. One of these portraits, which was owned by Pinewood Studios, is in the National Portrait Gallery. She competed in the Talbot O'Farrell Handicap at the Filton Aerodrome in May 1928. Her father bought her an aircraft (an Avro Avian) for £500.
| 2.4375
| 0
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71317594
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winifred%20Brown
|
Winifred Brown
|
In 1935, she moved from flying and exploring to sailing. This had been her father's interest; she bought a boat, and had it re-fitted by the original builders. She sailed together with Adams, and they set off for the Arctic, travelling to Spitzbergen. In 1939, her book about sailing off the Norwegian coast, Duffers on the Deep, was published.
From 1976, Brown lived on Seaway, a motor yacht bought by her son Tony, moving between Lymington and Brighton. Her King's Cup trophy was displayed in the aft cabin.
Brown died in Fairlight Nursing Home in Hove on 30 July 1984, following a series of strokes.
Private life
Einar Sverdrup was described as the love of Brown's life. He lost his life during the Second World War.
Brown married Edwin R "Ron" Adams, and her son Tony took his surname. Tony Adams became a successful actor.
Brown was a sportswoman active in a variety of disciplines; she also golfed and played hockey and ice hockey for England.
Brown's biography Winifred Brown Britain's Adventure Girl No.1 was written by Geoff Meggitt.
| 1.992188
| 0
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71317791
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curial%20e%20G%C3%BCelfa
|
Curial e Güelfa
|
Curial e Güelfa is an anonymous Catalan chivalric romance of the fifteenth century, notable for incorporating elements of Italian humanism. Known from a single manuscript and unpublished until the twentieth century, it is today considered a highly original masterpiece.
The romance is set in the late thirteenth century. Curial and Güelfa, the title characters, are a knight and his lady. Curial travels widely, performing deeds of chivalry, but a rift opens between him and Güelfa. During further travels, he is shipwrecked and enslaved in a pagan land. He escapes with a fortune and, after defeating the pagans, is reunited with Güelfa.
Date, place and authorship
Curial was probably written in the period 1443–1448 or thereabouts. Since it refers to the Hospitaller langue of Spain, it was probably completed before 1462, when that langue was divided between Aragon and Castile. It is written in the Valencian dialect of Catalan, which was then the prestige dialect, since Alfonso the Magnanimous, king of Aragon, had made Valencia his chief residence prior to 1432. The author appears to have knowledge of Italian and Castilian. The text was probably written in Italy.
There have been many attempts to identify the author with known historical persons. Antoni Ferrando Francés suggests that he was Joan Olzina, Alfonso's secretary. Maria Teresa Ferrer i Mallol suggests Lluís Sescases, Alfonso's librarian. Most recently, Abel Soler has suggested Íñigo Dávalos, a Castilian who served Alfonso in Valencia and Italy. There is no scholarly consensus in favour of any of these proposals.
It has been suggested that the work is a translation from Italian. Although this is not accepted, the essentially Italian character of the work is generally acknowledged. It has also been suggested, on the basis of its uniqueness, that Curial is a 19th-century forgery of Manuel Milà i Fontanals. The text is generally accepted as authentic today. The physical attributes of the manuscript (ink, paper, binding) are characteristic of the 15th century.
| 2.078125
| 0
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71318197
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovecraft%20studies
|
Lovecraft studies
|
Lovecraft studies is the body of research that has emerged surrounding the works of H. P. Lovecraft. It began with the dissemination of Lovecraft's works by Arkham House during the decades after his death. The scholars in the field sought to establish Lovecraft as a major author of American speculative fiction during its foundational period in the 1970s. After the death of August Derleth, the founder of Arkham House, the field shifted in a direction away from the one that he promoted. L. Sprague de Camp's biography of Lovecraft emerged during this time. While criticized by portions of the fans and scholarship, it played a significant role in his literary rise. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the scholars were split between traditionalist who supported Derleth's positions on Lovecraft and those who did not. The 1980s and 1990s featured an expansion of the field, including the H. P. Lovecraft Centennial Conference. Memorials to Lovecraft began to appear in his home city of Providence, Rhode Island and his works began to be published by Penguin Classics. S. T. Joshi, a major figure in the field, wrote a biography of Lovecraft that superseded de Camp's work. In 2008, the Library of America, published a volume of Lovecraft's works that solidified the perception that H. P. Lovecraft was now part of the western canon. The NecronomiCon Providence, a biannual scholarly and fan conference managed by the Lovecraft Arts and Sciences organization, began to be held in 2013.
| 2.21875
| 0
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71318211
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thridrangaviti%20Lighthouse
|
Thridrangaviti Lighthouse
|
Þrídrangaviti Lighthouse (transliterated as Thrídrangaviti) is an active lighthouse off the southwest coast of Iceland, in the archipelago of Vestmannaeyjar. It is often described as one of the most isolated lighthouses in the world. Þrídrangar means "three rock pillars", referring to the three named sea stacks at that location: Stóridrangur (on which the lighthouse stands), Þúfudrangur, and Klofadrangur. The lighthouse was commissioned on 5 July 1942.
Construction
Þrídrangaviti Lighthouse was constructed during 1938 and 1939. It was originally built by hand without machinery, and it was accessible only by scaling the tallest of the three rocky stacks, whose top is above the sea. It was built under the direction of Árni Þórarinsson [Arni G. Thorarinsson], who recruited experienced mountaineers to scale the sea stack. The expert climbers were local Westman Islanders who had long supplemented their diet by gathering seabird eggs from cliffs. The challenges included a sea swell at the base, even during calm weather, making departure from a boat onto the rock tricky; and the vertical rock face had been worn smooth and was slippery. With drills and hammers, the team inserted spikes into the rock and connected them by chain. With each visit during calm weather they were able to add a few more chain links, forming a twisting route upward. Their climbing tools did not allow them to bite into the rock near the top, and there were no handholds, so using the same technique developed for gathering seabird eggs, they made a three-person "human stack" - one man on his knees, a second on top of him, and a third one climbing on the second one - for the final pitch. According to Þórarinsson:
| 2.71875
| 0
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71318256
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Grace%20Alexander
|
Jane Grace Alexander
|
Jane Grace Alexander (October 26, 1848 – March 10, 1932) was an American banker, the first woman banker in New Hampshire. Alexander was elected treasurer of the Security Savings Banks in Winchester, New Hampshire. She worked at the city's national bank for 52 years before retiring.
Biography
Jane Grace Alexander was born in Winchester, New Hampshire, October 26, 1848. She was a daughter of Edward and Lucy Capron Alexander, of Puritan ancestry. She was a direct descendent, in the fourth generation, of Reuben Alexander, who was a captain in Colonel Ashley's regiment, which marched to Ticonderoga in October 1776.
Alexander was educated in the Winchester schools, and finished her course in Glenwood Seminary, Brattleboro, Vermont.
After graduating, she taught school for a time.
Early in life she commenced keeping books in her father's office and, later on, was active in the management of his business. She entered the Winchester National Bank as general assistant, in 1871, but soon after assumed the duties of assistant cashier; she retired after 52 years. So fully did she win the confidence of the people, that in 1881, she was elected treasurer of the Security Savings Bank of Winchester. She was the first woman in New Hampshire to fill such a position.
Alexander was president of a Chautauqua class. She was a member of the Universalist church and was superintendent of the Sunday-school fifteen years. She was also treasurer of the school district, trustee of the public library, and first Worthy Matron of Electra chapter, No. 19, Order of the Eastern Star.
Her home was one of the landmarks of Winchester, a large white manor house, in the colonial style, set back from the street, and noticeable for its antiquities, its maples, and its deep lawn. Alexander was devoted to the interests of her home and did much to preserve the homestead. She drove her own horses and indulged in a flower garden.
Jane Grace Alexander died in Warwick, Massachusetts, March 10, 1932.
| 1.921875
| 0
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71318289
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivienne%20Sze
|
Vivienne Sze
|
Vivienne Sze is an American electrical engineer and computer scientist whose research focuses on low-power electronics and on the trade-offs between energy use and computing power in the combined design of software and hardware, for applications including video coding and deep neural networks. She is an associate professor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, where she heads the Energy-Efficient Multimedia Systems Group.
Education and career
Sze did her undergraduate studies in electrical engineering at the University of Toronto, graduating in 2004. She was a student of Anantha P. Chandrakasan at MIT, where she earned a master's degree in 2006 and completed her Ph.D. in 2010; her doctoral research won MIT's Jin-Au Kong Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Prize in electrical engineering.
After completing her doctorate, she worked on video coding at Texas Instruments. She became a member of the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), which developed the standard for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). After completing her work on HEVC, she returned to MIT as a faculty member in 2013.
Books
With Madhukar Budagavi and Gary J. Sullivan, Sze edited the book High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC): Algorithms and Architectures (Springer, 2014). With Yu-Hsin Chen, Tien-Ju Yang, and Joel S. Emer, she is a coauthor of Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks (Morgan & Claypool, 2020).
Recognition
As part of the JCT-VC, Sze and her collaborators won a 2017 Primetime Engineering Emmy Award for their work on HEVC. In 2020 she became the inaugural winner of the Rising Star Award of ACM-W, the Council on Women in Computing of the Association for Computing Machinery.
| 1.9375
| 0
|
71318656
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature
|
1973 Nobel Prize in Literature
|
The 1973 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Australian writer Patrick White (1912–1990) "for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature." He is the first and the only Australian recipient of the prize.
Laureate
The historical themes of Patrick White's novels and plays focus on his own Australia and its people. During his lifetime, he enjoyed greater acclaim abroad than he did at home, where his critical gaze was occasionally misunderstood. In 1939, he released Happy Valley, his debut novel. The Tree of Man (1955), a book about a farmer and his wife struggling to build a future in rural Australia, was his major literary success. Modern humanity's sense of loneliness and emptiness is a recurrent topic in his literary works. His other well-known works include The Vivisector (1970) and The Eye of the Storm (1973).
Deliberations
Nominations
In total, the Nobel Committee collected 205 nominations for 101 writers for their deliberations – the second highest number of nominations revealed so far after 1969. White was first introduced for nomination in 1968 by Muriel Clara Bradbook, professor of English at Cambridge University. Henceforth, he became an annual nominee until he was subsequently awarded with the prize. In 1973, he was endorsed by academics and professors from Australia, New Zealand and Finland.
| 2.546875
| 0
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71318853
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baya%20Gamani%20of%20Singu
|
Baya Gamani of Singu
|
Yazathingyan, who became the chief minister of the new king, may have kept his older brother alive but could not keep him out of prison. For the next year and a half, Gamani was imprisoned in iron ankle shackles. His opportunity to escape came in late 1427 when an invasion force led by Prince Minye Kyawhtin, a claimant to the Ava throne, rapidly advanced towards Ava. The invasion caught the Ava command completely off guard since they had considered their victory over Kyawhtin's rebel army at Yenantha a year earlier to be decisive. More ominously, Thado did not have enough troops or experienced commanders to defend the capital region as he had just rushed down most of his forces to the south to meet the Hanthawaddy forces that had occupied the southernmost districts of Prome (Pyay). Desperate, the king asked Gamani to take command of a 1000-man regiment to hold the outer perimeter. Gamani agreed, and proved his worth. His regiment defeated Kyawhtin's forces at Tabetswe, 25 km southeast of Ava, and pushed them back to Pinle, about 70 km southeast of Ava.
Although the victory was limited—Kyawhtin would hold on to Pinle until 1445—Thado was grateful. The king not only restored Gamani to the governorship of Singu but also allowed him to collect as much gold from the royal gold vault in one scoop with his two hands each day for seven consecutive days. With the gold, Gamani built a Buddhist pagoda named A-Shay-Pyay Neibban in Tabetswe.
| 2.8125
| 0
|
71319007
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha%20V.%20Fontaine
|
Bertha V. Fontaine
|
Bertha Mae Van Landingham Fontaine (September 3, 1929 – November 2, 1986) was an American home economist with the National Marine Fisheries Service. She was tasked with promoting the home use of seafood, through demonstrations, recipes, and media appearances, to support the fishing and canning industries in the Gulf Coast.
Early life
Bertha Mae Van Landingham was born in Mississippi or Memphis, Tennessee (sources vary on the location), and raised in Mississippi, the daughter of Leander Shelton Van Landingham, and Bertha Shumaker Van Landingham. She graduated from Mississippi University for Women, with further studies at the University of Alabama.
Career
Fontaine taught high school home economics in Pascagoula. She joined the National Marine Fisheries Service as a home economist. She worked in the service's test kitchen in Pascagoula, developing recipes to promote the home use of Gulf-caught fish and seafood, including canned products. She also traveled to give demonstrations, trained home economists, organized contests, and appeared on television programs talking about seafood. She was a consultant to Alcorn A&M University.
Fontaine received the national NOAA Award for Public Service in 1971. Her contributions were also recognized by the governor of Florida and by the Southeastern Fisheries Association and the Alabama Fisheries Association.
Fontaine co-edited and contributed shrimp recipes to a cookbook, Seafood Adventures from the Gulf and South Atlantic (1980).
Personal life
Vanlandingham married businessman Douglass Latimer Fontaine in 1960. They had three children. She died in Pascagoula in 1986, aged 57 years.
| 2.4375
| 0
|
71319015
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Beautiful%20Palace%20East%20of%20the%20Sun%20and%20North%20of%20the%20Earth
|
The Beautiful Palace East of the Sun and North of the Earth
|
In a Sámi tale collected by Norwegian scholar Just Qvigstad from a source in Lyngen and titled Det forgylte slott (English: "The golden castle"), an old woman has three sons, the youngest named Askeladden ("Gudnabađǫš", in the original). The local king wants to hire someone to watch over his fields at night, whose crops are being destroyed every night. Askeladden is hired to the position, and, that same night, sees three birds alighting and taking off their wings, they proceeding to eat the crop. Askeladden steals the wings of the most beautiful of the three maidens, which she notices and promises to marry him if he returns them. The girl gets the wings back and promises to come to fetch him on a ship, and gives him half of her ring. Later, the girl comes on a ship, but the local king forbids Askeladden to depart, only allowing his voyage if the boy fulfills some tasks beforehand: first, to gather all stones on the fields; next, to stock them in piles; thirdly, to raze every tree in his land, then to plant them again; lastly, to steal back a silver box from the giants. With his bride's help Askeladden fulfills the first tasks, one after the other, but, on the last one, the girl says she cannot wait any longer, gives him a golden ring engraved with her name, and departs on her ship. Askeladden decides to take the box in the land of the giants: after traversing a long swamp, he reaches their farm, takes the box with him and makes his way back through the same swamp, but tumbles in the mud and lets the box fall in the mire. Defeated, he returns to the king's land and finds out his bride abandoned him. He wanders off until he reaches the house of an old woman, who is the mistress of the fishes. Askeladden asks for the location of the golden castle. The old woman does not know, so she sends him to her elder sister, who is the lady of the animals of the land. The second sister also does not know its location, so she sends Askeladden to her even elder sister, the ruler of the birds
| 2.390625
| 0
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71319073
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulofacial%20dysostosis-microcephaly%20syndrome
|
Mandibulofacial dysostosis-microcephaly syndrome
|
Bilateral choanal atresia can cause respiratory distress and, in most cases, arrest.
Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula can be deadly if they are left untreated. The latter causes an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea, which causes esophageal fluids to enter the airways and cause respiratory problems. The combination of both esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula is especially life-threatening due to feeding difficulties and recurrent esophageal fluid exposure-associated lung damage.
Causes
This condition is caused by inherited autosomal recessive mutations in the EFTUD2 gene. These mutations can either be missense, splice-site, or the result of a microdeletion. This gene is essential for the formation of spliceosomes, which helps in producing and maturing messenger RNA. The mutations involved in MFDM cause EFTUD2 enzymes with little to no function, which likely impairs the process of maturing mRNA.
Diagnosis
It can be diagnosed by a thorough examination of the patient's symptoms and genetic testing.
Treatment
Treatment is done on the symptoms themselves:
For craniofacial dysmorphisms: correctional surgeries such as oromaxillofacial surgery, dentistry service, etc.
For developmental delays: occupational and speech/language therapy.
For respiratory abnormalities: intubation, tracheostomy.
For hearing loss: cochlear implant, bone-anchored hearing aids.
Prevalence
Around 100 cases have been described in the medical literature.
History
| 2.40625
| 0
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71319102
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugo%20Brusati
|
Ugo Brusati
|
Ugo Pio Enrico Natale Brusati, was an Italian General who participated in the First Italo-Ethiopian War and World War I. He gained notability for his service at the Battle of Adwa as well as being the First Adjudant General of Vittorio Emanuele III on 2 June 1902 until 23 October 1917, when Luigi Cadorna forced him out of the office.
Early Military Career
Brusatiwas born in Monza on 25 June 1847, the eldest son of Giuseppe and Teresa Aman and in a household with strong nationalism. Determined to undertake a military career, he attended the Military College of Florence to enter the on 2 June 1864. In 1866, at the time of the Third Italian War of Independence, he obtained the appointment as second lieutenant. He soon proved to be an excellent officer of the general staff, from 1870 he attended the War School of Turin, of which he later became a professor. Between 20 December 1887 and 10 March 1891 he held the position of military attaché at the Italian Embassy in Vienna. He was then promoted to the rank of colonel on 23 August 1891 and assumed command of the 71st Infantry Regiment. During his service, he wrote some literary works about his military services, intended for use by officers of the General Staff.
| 2.0625
| 0
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71319235
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna%20and%20sexuality
|
Madonna and sexuality
|
Madonna donated a percentage of "Papa Don't Preach" (1986) profits to programs advocating sexual responsibility, although it was Planned Parenthood of New York that initially requested it. In a 1988 advertisement for schoolkids, Madonna told "avoid casual sex and you'll avoid AIDS" and "stay away from people who shoot drugs". In the early 1990s, Sire Records had a 900 hotline (900-990-SIRE) that featured a safe-sex message from Madonna. During this decade, she also mentioned about unsafe sex: "I'm not going to sit here and say that from the time I found out about AIDS, I've always had intercourse with a man with a condom on". American professor and critic, Louis Menand called her "a leading spokesperson for safe sex" in his book American Studies (2003). In 2015, sexologist Ana Fernández Alonso deemed Madonna as a "sexologist" herself due her to body of work or public statements.
Madonna's sexual identity
Scope
In 1991, New Internationalist regarded Madonna as a "hotly debated sexual icon". Deborah Bell from University of North Carolina, wrote in Masquerade (2015), that "much has been written about Madonna and sexual identity". British media sociologist, David Gauntlett asserts Madonna's image as a sexual free spirit has been "emphatically defined".
| 1.945313
| 0
|
71319408
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centinela%20Park
|
Centinela Park
|
Edward Vincent Jr. Park is a municipal park in Inglewood, Los Angeles County, California. Originally Centinela Park, the historic location was renamed in 1997 to honor Edward Vincent Jr., the first African-American mayor of the city. It was described as the "largest and most popular developed park in the Centinela-South Bay" in 1979. The development of the nearby larger Baldwin Hills State Recreation Area in 1983 was said to relieve some of the local demand on Centinela Park amenities.
Amenities
Features of the park include a skate park, walking track, Olympic-size swimming pool and an "ADA-compliant bathhouse", basketball courts, football/soccer fields, softball/baseball diamonds, picnic areas, five children’s playgrounds, a multipurpose building used by the Girl Scouts, a playhouse, and an amphitheater. The eight tennis courts were renovated in 2019.
The 55-seat playhouse building at the park was built in 1969. The black-box theater, originally called the Inglewood Playhouse, was renamed the Willie Agee Playhouse to honor an Inglewood parks commissioner and Korean War veteran. The theater was closed from 2001 to 2016 but now offers acting classes, open mic nights, events organized by the Black Creative Collective and performances by theater groups like Ellen Geer’s Theatricum Botanicum.
The location is a popular picnic spot, attracting as many as 5,000 families each summer.
History
The park is the historic site of the Centinela Springs, an artesian spring that gave the 19th century Rancho Aguaje de la Centinela its name.
Trees were planted around the original site of the springs, in what later became Centinela Park, as early as 1886.
The park sits at the corner of Centinela Avenue and Florence Avenue. The
K Line (Los Angeles Metro) tracks border the park; the Yellow Cars used the same right-of-way in the first half of the 20th century.
Early development
Prior to its use as a park, the site was "a brickyard, a [brief] mushroom-growing operation and a fig orchard which paid dividends".
| 2.390625
| 0
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71319865
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant%20general%20%28Nigeria%29
|
Lieutenant general (Nigeria)
|
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), is the second-highest rank of the Nigerian Army and generally it is the highest active rank as the Nigerian army do not have any appointment in the rank of full general but in the case of the appointment of Chief of Defence Staff, the rank of full general is given (if the chief is appointed from the army and not from the navy or the air force). It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank.
The rank of lieutenant general is usually held by the Chief of Army Staff.
Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Nigerian Navy and an air marshal in the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.
The rank insignia is an eagle and a six-pointed star over a crossed sabre and baton.
Usage
Ordinarily, the lieutenant general rank is usually held by only the Chief of Army Staff which implies there is usually only one serving lieutenant general in the Army at a time but there have been some occasions where there were more than one lieutenant-general in the Army like the case of Lt-Gen Jeremiah Useni, who was the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Minister under General Sani Abacha, while, Lt-Gen Ishaya Bamaiyi was the Chief of Army Staff. Also, there was the case of Lt-Gen Abel Akale, who was the Commandant of the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA), Kaduna, at the time Lt-Gen Martin Luther Agwai was the Chief of Army Staff. Maj-Gen Chikadibia Isaac Obiakor was also promoted to Lt-Gen and made Commander of United Nations (UN) Peace Keeping Operations while Lt-Gen Agwai was still Army Chief in December 2005. The most recent case was that of the promotion of Maj-Gen Lamidi Adeosun to the rank of lieutenant general in July 2019 while Lt-Gen Tukur Buratai was still Army Chief.
| 2.140625
| 0
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71320572
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia%20University%20Bicentennial
|
Columbia University Bicentennial
|
"The Unity of Knowledge" was held at Arden from October 27 to 30. As the final conference of the official series, its discussions touched directly on the theme of the Bicentennial, "Man's Right to Knowledge and the Free Use Thereof". Participants included Niels Bohr, biologist Julian Huxley, Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish, and mathematician Hermann Weyl. Topics discussed included "The Knowledge of Man," "The Methods of Knowledge," "The Languages of Knowledge," "The Unity of Knowledge," and "Man's Right to Knowledge." Its compilation was edited by Lewis Leary.
"Responsible Freedom in the Americas" was held from October 25 to 30, and was described as a "new milestone... in inter-American relations". The conference took place at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, which co-sponsored the event. Participants included six presidents of Latin American nations, including Galo Plaza and Alberto Lleras Camargo of Ecuador, Eduardo Santos of Colombia, Otilio Ulate Blanco of Costa Rica, Carlos Dávila of Chile, Ricardo J. Alfaro of Panama, in addition to Nobel laureates Gabriela Mistral and Bernardo Houssay, United States Ambassador to Chile Claude Bowers, and Chairman of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Harvey Hollister Bundy. Its compilation was edited by Angel del Río.
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71321280
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence%20Industries%20Limited%20Pickering%20Works
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Defence Industries Limited Pickering Works
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A week later, DIL hired Alex Russell, the former personnel director at General Motors, and tasked him with hiring and screening the plant personnel. At its peak, the DIL plant would require 9,000 workers to produce over 40 million rounds of shells. The government procured several thousand workers from the General Motors plant in nearby Oshawa. Some of the farmers who had helped with construction also joined the plant once it became operational. Male workers at DIL included several men who were highly-educated in engineering or sciences, or were skilled tradesmen. In addition, DIL also hired several men who had been deemed medically unfit to serve in the armed forces. However, these workers were not sufficient to run the plant at its maximum potential. The government had difficulty finding male workers, as many men were serving as soldiers in the war, and several others were engaged in other war industries in the nearby cities like Toronto. Consequently, DIL started hiring women, many of whose husbands were fighting as soldiers in Europe. Women were said to be more suitable for shell-filling because of their "small hands, patience, and attention to detail for repetitive work".
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71321280
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence%20Industries%20Limited%20Pickering%20Works
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Defence Industries Limited Pickering Works
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Many men released from DIL found work at General Motors in Oshawa, as the auto industry revived after the war. The government encouraged women to discontinue work and take up roles as housemakers.
Towards the end of the war, Ajax became a warehousing location for the War Assets Corporation, which was responsible for disposing of the government-owned surplus material and property from World War II. A War Surplus sales outlet was established at the site to dispose off the production equipment and other fixtures.
During 1946-1949, the University of Toronto ran its Ajax Division in some of the vacant DIL buildings, to accommodate increased demand for engineering education, especially from the returning war veterans. During 1949-1953, the former women's residences were used as a holding camp, called the Displaced Persons Camp (or "DP Camp"), for refugees arriving from post-war Europe.
After the end of the war, the government decided to liquidate WHL, as part of a policy to minimize its intervention in the housing market. The government gave the renters of WHL in Ajax an opportunity to buy their homes with 10% down payment and a 25-year mortgage. The house prices ranged between $2,500 and $3,300. These terms were attractive to many renters, who became homeowners.
Most of the workers left the town when their jobs ended, but several decided to remain in Ajax. Around 600 renting families lived in houses that were built to last for five years. When a federal official came to Ajax and talked about tearing the houses down, the residents protested. Some residents went to Queen's Park in Toronto to petition the government. During 1945-1951, many of the residents lived in uncertainty, as there were talks of close down the community, and predictions that the community would turn into a ghost town or farming land.
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71321481
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domni%C8%9Ba%20B%C4%83la%C8%99a%20Church
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Domnița Bălașa Church
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The present church, the fourth in the area, was built on the same site between 1881 and 1885, in Romanesque and Gothic Revival style. Metropolitan led the project. Alexandru Orăscu was the architect, assisted by Carol Benesch and Friedrich Hartmann; his plans were reviewed by Jean-Jules-Antoine Lecomte du Nouÿ. King Carol I and Queen Elisabeth attended the liturgy and cornerstone laying on June 14, 1881, three months after the Kingdom of Romania was proclaimed. When the couple attended, they would sit to the left of the altar on thrones carved with the royal coat of arms and the official motto Nihil sine Deo; these remain in place. During the interwar period, the church was popular with the elite, who would hold weddings and baptisms inside; in keeping with its festive nature, the church has never hosted a funeral.
Description
The church is fairly large, measuring 29.4 meters long by 12.3–18.4 meters wide. It is cross-shaped, ending in a polygonal altar apse. The side apses are enclosed by four staircases, with access from outside. The large Pantocrator dome rises above the center of the nave; it is surrounded by four smaller domes, also octagonal, each with its own access staircase. The narthex, with a choir area on the second floor, forms part of the massive central space. The western facade features a pediment emphasized by an ornamental cornice of carved stone, serrated brick and a frieze of "stalactite" recesses with buttons of red brick in the center. A sculpted rose window allows light to enter the choir. The narrower portico (8 × 4 meters) is formed from three frontal arches, the central one larger and with a pediment. These rest on cylindrical columns of Albești stone, with sculpted capitals and pedestals; a set of stairs leads up to the portico.
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71324533
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut%20Paulus
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Helmut Paulus
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Helmut Paulus (29 April 1900 – 17 July 1975) was a German poet and writer.
Life
Paulus was born in Genkingen on 29 April 1900. As the son of a pastor, Paulus grew up in a pietistic environment in Sindelfingen and Böblingen. His training as a bookseller in Ludwigsburg was interrupted for a while due to the First World War. He wrote his first literary works while he was still studying. After the war he studied German and history as a guest student at the University of Tübingen from 1920/21. In 1924/25 he spent some time with relatives in Palestine and worked as an accountant. After returning to Germany, he married Gertrude Struve in 1931. In 1932, he opened a bookstore in Magdeburg, which he had to close again in 1934 due to the economic crisis and inflation.
Despite a certain appreciation for Hitler, Paul initially had strong reservations about the National Socialists, especially about fanaticism, hatred and anti-Semitism. In 1934 he was nevertheless forced to become a member of the Reichsschrifttumskammer ("Reich Literature Chamber") and, in 1936, he joined the National Socialist People's Welfare charity. In 1935, Paulus' debut work, Die Geschichte von Gamelin ("The Story of Gamelin"), was published and received wide acclaim. In 1939, Helmut Paulus was appointed archivist at the German Literature Archive in Marbach. Here he continued to be active as a writer, became a member of the Swabian Poets' Circle and developed strong contacts with the members of the circle. Paulus kept the minutes of meetings and correspondence for the circle of poets.
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71324954
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Chesney%20Wilson
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Gordon Chesney Wilson
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Lieutenant-Colonel Gordon Chesney Wilson (3 August 1865 – 6 November 1914) was a British Army officer and husband of the war correspondent Lady Sarah Wilson. As an Eton College student he assisted in thwarting Roderick Maclean's assassination attempt on Queen Victoria in 1882, before joining the Royal Horse Guards in 1887. Wilson was promoted quickly, and as a captain was appointed aide-de-camp to Robert Baden-Powell at the start of the Second Boer War, in which role he served through the Siege of Mafeking. He was created a Member of the Royal Victorian Order in 1901.
During the inter-war years Wilson joined his friend Winston Churchill on a fact-finding trip to East Africa, and then participated in a controversial treasure hunting expedition in Jerusalem. Having been promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1907, when the First World War began in 1914 Wilson took the Royal Horse Guards to the Western Front. Fighting in the First Battle of Ypres, on 6 November 1914 he was shot in the head and killed while repelling a German breakthrough at Kleine Zillebeke.
Early life
Gordon Chesney Wilson was born at the Longerenong homestead, near Horsham, Victoria, in Australia, on 3 August 1865. He was the eldest son of the politician and philanthropist Sir Samuel Wilson and Jean Campbell. He had three younger brothers, including the Olympian Herbert Haydon Wilson, and three sisters. The elder Wilson was an ex-miner who had made a fortune as a pastoralist, and the family spent time in both England and Australia. In 1877 Wilson was enrolled at Melbourne Grammar School, but around two years he moved to England, attending Eton College.
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71324954
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Chesney%20Wilson
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Gordon Chesney Wilson
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Churchill published a record of the trip in the book My African Journey in 1909, including photographs provided by Wilson. In 1910 Wilson spent some time in Jerusalem, and in early 1911 he became involved in his younger brother Clarence's work as part of the Parker Expedition, an attempt to find treasure in excavations of Solomon's Temple. In April the group used a German psychic to attempt to find the Ark of the Covenant, digging around Solomon's Stables. They found nothing there but then gained permission to excavate in the Dome of the Rock itself. As the Dome was a sacred space to Jews and Muslims, the expedition was nervous about digging there and therefore only did so at night, while wearing Arabic clothing. Having bribed locals to assist them they explored tunnels under the Dome, digging for nine nights.
On 12 April the diggers were discovered at work and exposed to the general public. A demonstration of 2,000 Muslims formed and riots were feared; on 16 April an enquiry was launched into the affair and two days later the expedition fled to Jaffa. There under the pretence of preparing to host a party they escaped in Clarence's yacht. Wilson was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-colonel on 7 October and given command of his regiment.
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71324998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxarium
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Myxarium
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Myxarium is a genus of fungi in the family Hyaloriaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are gelatinous and effused or pustular. The genus is cosmopolitan. All species grow on dead wood or dead herbaceous stems.
Taxonomy
History
The genus was originally described by Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wallroth in 1833 based on the visible white inclusions in the basidiocarps of the type species, Myxarium nucleatum, which he interpreted as spores (they are in fact crystals of calcium oxalate). The genus was synonymized with Exidia by subsequent authors, until revived by Dutch mycologist M.A. Donk in 1966. The revised concept of Myxarium emphasized the microscopic presence of septate basidia with enucleate stalk cells ("myxarioid" basidia), a feature absent in Exidia. Additional species were added to the genus on this basis.
Current status
Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicates that Myxarium is distinct from Exidia and forms a natural (monophyletic) group of species related to the type. Not all fungi with "myxarioid" basidia belong to the genus, however, and at least one species (M. fugacissimum) lacks such basidia.
| 2.375
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71325352
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20E.%20Higgins
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Frank E. Higgins
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Frank E. Higgins (19 August 1865 – 4 January 1915) was an American Presbyterian minister and evangelist to logging camps in Minnesota. He was known as the "Lumberjacks' Sky Pilot".
Higgins was born in Toronto and grew up in Shelburne, Ontario. He moved to the United States in 1890, and studied at Hamline University in the hopes of becoming a Methodist minister. He did poorly in his studies, however, and dropped out. He started pastoring a Presbyterian church in 1899 and was ordained by the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1902. He preached his first sermon to the lumberjacks in 1895, and was appointed Superintendent of Lumber Camp Work in 1908.
Higgins recruited many other evangelists to his work, including Richard T. Ferrell. He was the subject of three novels by Thomas D. Whittles: The Lumberjack Sky Pilot (1908), The Parish in the Pines (1912), and Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer (1920).
The Book News Monthly described him as "a man of sterling worth – simple, whole-souled, sincere. He possessed a vigorous body, a cool head, a loving heart, and a genuine contempt for hardship".
| 2.21875
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71325415
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27s%20Right%20to%20Knowledge
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Man's Right to Knowledge
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Man's Right to Knowledge was a radio program that ran from January 3, 1954 to December 26, 1954 on CBS. Created by Columbia University on the occasion of its bicentennial, the show consisted of two weekly lecture series, each episode featuring a different prominent academic or world leader. The university's president, Grayson L. Kirk, hosted the series. The content of each lecture centered around the university's bicentennial theme, "Man's Right to Knowledge and the Free Use Thereof". The first series, titled Man's Right to Knowledge: Tradition and Change, ran for thirteen weeks beginning on January 3. The second, titled Man's Right to Knowledge: Present Knowledge and Future Directions, ran for another thirteen weeks beginning on October 3. The final lecture, delivered by J. Robert Oppenheimer in his first public appearance since the end of his security hearings earlier that year, marked the official end of the Bicentennial.
The show was wildly successful—within three months of the show's debut, the university had already received 10,000 requests for reprints of the talks; its episodes were eventually transcribed and published in two volumes. By September 1954, the book version of the first series had sold over 22,000 copies. The series was translated and rebroadcast across the world, and won a 1954 Peabody Award for its "unprecedented impact", and the way it "stimulated a crusade for free inquiry and free expression—and helped to give to millions of individuals a deeper understanding of their rights to knowledge."
Episodes
Man's Right to Knowledge: Tradition and Change
Man's Right to Knowledge: Present Knowledge and Future Directions
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71325928
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drakos%20family
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Drakos family
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The Drakos family () is a Greek family that originated from Epirus. The family name first appeared in the 16th century with the Armatolos Poulios Drakos, in a failed Venetian backed revolt in Arta and Epirus. Later, it would appear alongside the main Souliote clans, and later on in the history of the Greek nation.
History
The early origins of the Drakos family are uncertain but they probably take their name from an early warlord called Poulios Drakos (), who was the progenitor of the family. The original village in which the Drakos family came from was Kamarina-Martanion, which still has families bearing the Drakos surname. After a failed revolt in Epirus, conducted together with Theodoros Bouas-Grivas and Malamos, other Armatoles, the chief branch of the family migrated to Souli where they were hereditary warlords of the Souliotes. Poulios Drakos' descendants remained chieftains of the Souliotes through the following centuries and his descendant Dimos Drakos was a powerful warlord who entered the Russian Army in the run-up to the Orlov Revolt. His son Georgios Drakos was a leading general of the Greek War of Independence in 1821. Georgios' descendants entered the political life of the new Kingdom of Greece and entered into marriage alliances with many other powerful political families like the Botsaris family.
Notable Members
Georgios Drakos (1788-1827), son of Dimos, Greek general in the War of Independence
Markos Drakos (1888-1975), Greek Army general
Nikolaos Drakos (1861-1927), Greek Army colonel and Minister of Military
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71326919
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20%28comics%29
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Three (comics)
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Characters
Klaros: The main protagonist of the story. A Helot who served in the Spartan army. He was one of 2000 of the best Helot soldiers promised their freedom, but were instead marked for death. He escaped the slaughter and hid from the Spartiates as a crippled farm laborer. His full name is Stenyklaros, the site of a Helot ambush where 300 Spartiates were killed, but also the location of a sacred grove full of freed Messenians he torched while in the army. He is killed in a cowardly surprise attack by the hippeis.
Terpander: A loquacious Helot storyteller and former household servant to Gyrtias. He is killed by Arimnestos.
Damar: A Helot widow whose husband was killed in the Krypteia. She survives and escapes to Messene where she gives birth to Klaros' children. An epilogue reveals that she and her family lived as free Greeks for the rest of their lives.
Arimnestos: The main antagonist of the story and in many ways as much of a victim of Spartan society as the three. The son of Eurytos, he is cast out of society for fleeing from the three and attempts to hunt them himself. He is killed by Klaros and mistaken for the third helot in death. Named for Arimnestos, a Spartan leader killed by Helots in an ambush at Stenyklaros.
Aristodemos: A Skiritai scout who chose to remain in Spartan territory after his people were freed from Spartan rule. A cynical mercenary only loyal to money. Unlike the Helots he is a free man who takes pride in his status, and openly disrespects his employer Arimnestos. He is named for Aristodemus, one of the two Spartan survivors of Thermopylae.
Eurytos: One of the five Ephors, killed by Klaros. Demonstrates the arrogance typical of a Spartiate, but fails to face death with stoicism.
Gyrtias: Eurytos' widow and mother of Arimnestos. Owner of the three. She and her husband deliberately only had a single child to prevent their estate being divided among multiple heirs rather than breed many sons for the army as Spartiate mothers are expected to do.
| 2.671875
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71326957
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle%20Rock%20%28formation%29
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Eagle Rock (formation)
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Eagle Rock, L.A. Historic-Cultural Monument No. 10, is a large dome-shaped rock formation with an indentation that resembles an eagle in flight. The neighborhood of Eagle Rock, where the rock is located is named after the rock. Once known as Eagle Rock Valley, it incorporated in 1911 and was annexed by Los Angeles in 1923. Given its visibility from the Ventura Freeway, CA-134, Eagle Rock is a familiar sight to millions.
History
Eagle Rock is a large sandstone formation created by hot springs millions of years ago. Formerly known as La Piedra Gorda (Fat Rock), a name given to it by Spanish settlers, locals have been calling it Eagle Rock (or The Rock) since at least 1888. The first published illustration of La Piedra Gorda was made by Archduke of Austria, Ludwig Louis Salvator. His book was published in 1878.
The Tongva inhabited the caves at the base of The Rock and used it as a lookout point in the 1700s. It's rumoured that infamous bandit, Tiburcio Vasquez, used the same caves as a hideout in 1874. In the early 20th Century, yearly Easter services were held at the top of the Rock.
The Rock was named a Historic-Cultural Monument in 1962 but did not belong to the City of Los Angeles until 1995, when the City purchased it for $700,000.
| 2.65625
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71326993
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed%20Tahir%20M%C3%BCnif%20Pasha
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Mehmed Tahir Münif Pasha
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Mehmed Tahir Münif Pasha (1828-1910) was an Ottoman writer and statesman. A veteran official, he served thrice as Minister of Education (1877; 1878–1880 and 1885–1891) and twice as ambassador to Qajar Iran (1872–1877, and 1896–1897). During his first ambassadorship to Iran, he was awarded the Order of the Lion and the Sun medal. He also served as a trusted advisor to Sultan Abdul Hamid II, until he fell out of grace.
He was responsible for establishing the Cemiyet-i İlmiye-i Osmaniye ("The Ottoman Scientific Society") and Mecmūa-i Fünūn ("Science Journal").
Münif Pasha was a Persophile and had long-standing involvement interacting with Iranian statesmen. Unlike most of his fellow Ottoman statesmen at the time, Münif strongly advocated for upholding closer relations with the Ottoman Empire's eastern neighbors, including Iran. However, although Münif Pasha admired Iranian culture and history and was interested in these subjects, during his first ambassadorship in the 1870s he also experienced what he described as "unparalleled backwardness" in Qajar Iran, referring to the misrule and poverty he saw.
| 2.375
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71326999
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Young%20Mother%20%28Dou%29
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The Young Mother (Dou)
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The Young Mother is an oil painting by Dutch artist Gerrit Dou, from 1658. The signature of the artist appears subtely in the stained glass window, GDOV.1658. This genre piece has been part of the collection of the Mauritshuis, in The Hague, since 1822.
History
In order to appease the English king Charles II, who had just come to power, the States General of the Netherlands and the States of Holland and West Friesland offered him a large number of gifts, including about 25 paintings. The Young Mother was part of this Dutch Gift. The subject of the painting could be seen as a reference to Mary Henrietta Stuart, sister of the king and widow of stadtholder William II of Orange. She had to watch over the interests of her son under difficult political circumstances. Charles II was extremely pleased with Dou's work and tried to bring the painter to England. Dou, however, didn't accede his invitation.
Description
Although Dou was Rembrandt's pupil, he did not adopt his painting style. Dou developed a refined and polished technique that enabled him to deliver exceptionally detailed paintings. Realistic and meticulous genre paintings are therefore the trademark of the Leiden Fijnschilder, of which Dou was the leader.
In The Young Mother, a young woman is seated at the window doing needlework. She glances up from her work towards the viewer. Next to her is her baby in a crib made of wicker, cared by a maid. In the interior, which is illuminated by the sunlight that falls through the window, a striking number of objects can be seen. By the window there is a small still life with a basket, carrying the carcass of a rabbit, next to a fallen tin can. In the lower right corner, the artist shows even more objects. In apparent disarray are depicted a fallen lantern, a broom, a bunch of carrots, a fish on a plate and a dead bird. In the background, two people can still be seen vaguely by a smoldering fire.
| 1.945313
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71327733
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verrucaria%20vitikainenii
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Verrucaria vitikainenii
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Verrucaria vitikainenii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It is found in Finland, where it occurs on calcareous rock outcrops.
Taxonomy
The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2017 by Juha Pykälä, Annina Launis, and Leena Myllys. The type specimen was collected by the first author from a dolomite rock outcrop in Kurtinniittykuru (Hautajärvi, Koillismaa); there, at an altitude of , it was found growing on pebbles on a steep slope beneath a west-facing rock wall. The species epithet honours Finnish lichenologist Orvo Vitikainen, who has, according to the authors, "contributed significantly to the knowledge of taxonomy and biogeography of Finnish lichens". The type specimen is kept in the collections of the mycological herbaria of the Botanical Museum of the Finnish Museum of Natural History.
Description
The crust-like thallus of Verrucaria vitikainenii is typically medium to dark brown, with a "fleck-like" consistency that is sometimes poorly developed. It does not have a prothallus. The perithecia are partially immersed in the thallus, and measure 0.2–0.36 mm in diameter, and have an ostiole (pore) that is often inconspicuous. The exciple (the ring-shaped tissue layer surrounding the hymenium) is dark brown to black with a diameter of 0.19–0.27 mm. The asci contain eight spores and measure about 65–82 by 25–30 μm. Ascospores are 21.9–25.6 by 10.9–12.8 μm and lack a (a colorless, often gelatinous enveloping layer).
Habitat and distribution
Verrucaria vitikainenii occurs on calcareous rock outcrops, and may prefer partly shaded habitats. Apart from its main distribution in the Oulanka area of northeastern Finland, it is rare in the country, having been recorded once from eastern Finland and one from south-west Finland.
| 2.09375
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71328927
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maudrie%20M.%20Walton%20Elementary%20School
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Maudrie M. Walton Elementary School
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Maudrie M. Walton Elementary School is a public elementary school in Stop Six, Fort Worth, Texas. It is a part of the Fort Worth Independent School District. In 2003 PBS released a documentary called A Tale of Two Schools which features the school's reputational growth and educational methods used from fall 2000 to spring 2001, along that with those of R. H. Bearden Elementary School in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi.
According to The Texas Tribune, the school had 328 students for the 2021-2022 school year. Of those, 68.9% were considered possible future drop-outs. In general, the teacher salaries were higher than the state-wide average.
The school serves area public housing. It previously had a reputation as among the lowest performing schools in Fort Worth, but by the early 2000s had among the highest rankings. Walton achieved the "recognized" ranking from the Texas Education Agency (TEA). The school used the "Reading Mastery" program to increase its test scores.
Following a 2020 library fire believed to have been an act of arson, the Junior League of Fort Worth, Inc. (JLFW) held an online book drive to replenish the library's holdings.
| 2.5625
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71329202
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20J.%20Watson
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Richard J. Watson
|
Richard J. Watson (born 1946) is an American artist. He was born in Badin, North Carolina. He attended the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. In the 1970s, he collaborated with Walter Edmonds to create murals for the Church of the Advocate in Philadelphia, which was a center of activity for the civil rights movement in North Philadelphia. The church commissioned them to paint murals for the interior. They were requested to portray a combination of Black history and themes from the Bible. They were active in the Church of the Advocate and they donated their time to create the murals. 14 murals were completed from 1973 to 1976. Titles include "Creation", "I Have a Dream", "The Lord smote the firstborn in the land of Egypt" and "God has chosen the weak to confound the strong".
Watson's work was included in the 2015 exhibition We Speak: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s–1970s at the Woodmere Art Museum. In 2021, the African American Museum in Philadelphia held an exhibition of his work entitled Portals+Revelations – Richard J. Watson Beyond Realities.
His work is in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Petrucci Family Foundation.
| 2.53125
| 0
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71329362
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20A.%20Theaker
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Hugh A. Theaker
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Hugh Albert Theaker (1842–1903) was an American colonel who participated in the American Civil War and the Spanish–American War. He was known for commanding the 16th Infantry Regiment throughout both wars and participating in several major battles during the Spanish–American War.
Military career
Hugh was born on February 4, 1842, at Geauga County, Ohio as the son of Thomas Clarke Theaker and Mary McConahey Theaker. On May 11, 1861, Theaker was enlisted for the 16th Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War as a 1st Lieutenant. After participating at the Battle of Missionary Ridge, he was brevetted to Captain in November 1863. On 1866, he was transferred to the 34th Infantry Regiment but sent back to the 16th Infantry Regiment after it was merged with parts of the 11th Infantry Regiment in 1869. He spent some time with the 16th Infantry Regiment before finally being promoted to Major on September 6, 1886. At one point, Theaker was transferred to the 14th Infantry Regiment as a Lieutenant Colonel before being promoted to a full colonel of the 16th Infantry Regiment on March 10, 1896. Prior to this, Theaker was assigned to Fort Gibson from March 6, 1880, to March 28, 1880, and at Fort Sherman from October 1896 to April 21, 1898, as a post commander. During the Spanish–American War, he led the 16th Infantry Regiment through the Battle of San Juan Hill and Siege of Santiago before retiring on August 11, 1898.
| 2.375
| 0
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71329599
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica%20de%20Cali%20%28women%29
|
América de Cali (women)
|
América de Cali Femenino, commonly known as América Femenino, is the women's association football section of América de Cali based in the city of Cali, Colombia. They participate in Liga Profesional Femenina, the highest category of women's football, organized by Dimayor. Like their male counterpart, they play their home games at the Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero.
History
The team was officially presented on 15 September 2016 in Cali, along with its first two signings, players Catalina Usme and Nicole Regnier. Marcela Gómez, daughter of the club's main shareholder Tulio Gómez, was in charge of the idea of creating a women's team linked to América; she would become the first president of the women's team. Thus, América would be linked to the project of promoting women's football in the country, both at the continental and world level.
América Femenino was a founder club of the Colombian Women's Football League, entering the competition since its first edition held in 2017. In their first match in the competition, they lost 2–0 to Orsomarso at Estadio Francisco Rivera Escobar in Palmira. The team, managed by Gerardo Londoño in the early rounds of the league and later by Enrique Guevara, managed to qualify for the knockout stages of the championship, being defeated by the eventual champions Santa Fe in the quarter-finals. Former men's team player Jersson González was appointed as manager for the following season, in which they reached the semi-finals, losing to Atlético Huila 5–1 on aggregate.
| 2.046875
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71329650
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naxalite%20movement%20in%20Bhojpur
|
Naxalite movement in Bhojpur
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Demography and economic status of castes
In Bhojpur, according to Arun Sinha, most of the landlords were from the upper-caste; they were Rajput, Bhumihar, Brahmin and Kayastha. The agricultural labourers belonged to the Schedule Caste or the Backward Castes like Yadav, Kurmi and Koeri. It was evident that in the absence of the hold of communists over the movement, it had been turned into caste based riots. Over time, many Rajput and Brahmin degraded to the class of poor peasants, and many Koeri and Yadavs became well-to-do; the changed equation, changed the alignment in the district as well. Some of the youths from the Brahmin caste became sympathetic to the movement in the later phase, when the Naxalite movement became mature after seven years of insurgency. In the initial phase of Naxalite movement, even the poorest of the poor among Bhumihar and the Rajputs supported the landlords of their caste.
Background
Ekwari is one of the large village near Sahar in Bhojpur district, and majority of landowners here belonged to Bhumihar caste; there were 250 houses in all, belonging to this particular caste, who were the prominent landholders of the region. They not only enjoyed high economic status, but also controlled the local power politics. Some of these landholders argued that they're not Zamindars, but were the ryots of Raja of Benaras before independence and the largest landholding, they had, was also below 100 bighas. The zeal to control the power structure of the village became the trigger point for emergence of Naxalism, when an educated youth named Jagdish Mahto was beaten by the Bhumihars, while he tried to prevent them from rigging the votes. Mahto later became one of the founders of the Naxalism in the Bhojpur along with Rameswar Ahir.
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71329650
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naxalite%20movement%20in%20Bhojpur
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Naxalite movement in Bhojpur
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The practice of taking Dola– a custom in which newly wed bride of a labourer was forced to spend her first night with the Rajput and Bhumihar landlords, was also prevalent in some pockets. Another face of 'sexual oppression' against the lower-caste women was legitimisation of the sexual assaults through the cult of Mathin Mai. As the legend goes, in the Behea state of Bhojpur, a Rajput landlord named Ranpal Singh raped a Brahmin woman, when her Dola (Palanquin) was passing through his area. The subsequent suicide of the victim popularised her as Mathin Mai, who became a cult figure in the region. The justifiability for the practice of taking Dola, thus, comes from the story of Mathin Mai. But, the story of Mathin Mai also became symbol of horror for countless Dalit women, who were threatened to travel to Arrah, because of the possibility of rapes by the dominant section of society, the landlords.
Early activism
Before the resurgence of the armed rebellion against the feudal order, the educated youths among the lower-castes organised themselves under the leadership of people like Jagdish Mahto, who led a massive rally in the Arrah, demanding Harijanistan (land of Dalits). According to Kalyan Mukherjee, the town of Arrah, in 1969, witnessed one of the massive torch-light procession in its history. Those who led this procession were Mahto, Ram Ekbal Dusadh, Latafat Hussein and Prabhu Harijan. The mob shouted slogans like Harijanistan lekar rahenge (we will fight for a state of Harijans). The leaders, along with the ordinary participants in the procession, then gathered at Ramna Maidan. The agitation of Mahto and his associates for Harijanistan motivated Samyukta Socialist Party (SSP) to organise the most deprived section of the Backwards and the Schedule Castes, outside the Ahir-Kurmi-Koeri section. This procession and later political activities by the SSP, became prelude to the emergence of Maoism in the state of Bihar.
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71330209
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature
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1951 Nobel Prize in Literature
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The 1951 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the Swedish author Pär Lagerkvist "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind." Lagerkvist is the fourth Swedish recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature after Lagerlöf in 1909, Von Heidenstam in 1916, and Karlfeldt in 1931.
Laureate
Pär Lagerkvist wrote novels, poetry, plays, short stories and essays and were one of major Swedish literary figures of the first half of the 20th century. In his early years Lagerkvist supported modernist and aesthetically radical views, as shown by his manifesto Ordkonst och bildkonst ("Word Art and Picture Art", 1913) and the play Den Svåra Stunden ("The Difficult Hour", 1918). In 1916, he published Ångest ("Anguish"), a violent and disillusioned collection of poems. The novel Bödeln ("The Hangman", 1933) and the play Mannen utan själ ("The Man Without a Soul", 1936) expresses Lagerkvist's indignation over rising fascism. A recurring theme in his writings is the fundamental question of good and evil, and the problem of man's relation to God. This theme is particularly notable in the 1944 novel Dvärgen ("The Dwarf"), which became his first major success, followed by Barabbas (1950), a novel that won Lagerkvist world recognition. His works also include the notable autobiographical novel Gäst hos verkligheten ("Guest of Reality", 1925), and two of his most important works, the collection of poems Aftonland ("Evening Land", 1953) and the novel Sibyllan ("The Sibyl", 1956), which were published after he was awarded the Nobel prize.
Deliberations
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71330328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikojir%C5%8D%20Ijichi
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Hikojirō Ijichi
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Hikojirō Ijichi (1860–1912) was a Japanese Vice Admiral during the Russo-Japanese War. He commanded the during the war, notably commanding it during the Battle of Tsushima.
Biography
Hikojirō was born as the second son of Sueyoshi Ijichi at the Satsuma Domain. In October 1874, he entered the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in its 7th term and graduated as a Navy Ensign on December 25, 1883. Initially, he worked at the Unebi and the Hōshō. He later became a secondary member of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff. He then served as a messenger of the Chief of the Yokosuka Naval District before heading for a business trip to France as well as the Japanese Embassy in Italy before serving as an instructor at the Naval War College. Ijichi then participated in the First Sino-Japanese War while he commanded the . Around this time, he was promoted to Lieutenant-commander on December 16, 1891, Lieutenant on December 21, 1896, Commander on March 8, 1898 and Captain on December 7, 1900.
After serving at the Oshima and the Musashi as the Deputy Chief, he was given command of the Wu Torpedo Boat Corps. He was then promoted to a primary member of the Staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff and given command of the Fuji as its Deputy Chief. He was later made captain of the Tatsuda and served as the 2nd Division Chief of the Ministry of the Navy's Military Bureau. He was given further offices such as Captain of the Standing Fleet and the Captain of Matsushima. During the Russo-Japanese War, he served as the captain of the combined fleet flagship Mikasa and participated in the Battle of Tsushima.
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71330359
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagobert%20Karl%20de%20Daldorff
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Dagobert Karl de Daldorff
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Daldorff was born in Kiel (although some sources claimed that he was born in Moscow) and obtained a doctorate from the University of Kiel in 1795 under J.C. Fabricius. He joined the Danish East India Company army serving as a lieutenant captain. He was sent to conduct natural history studies, supported by Count Schimmelmann, to the Danish colonies of Frederiksnagore where he became a member of the council. He also travelled to the Danish colony of Tranquebar in India. During his travels to India and on his stays he collected insects, crustaceans, birds, and fishes. He maintained a diary of his travels from Copenhagen, leaving on October 14, 1790 and reaching Tranquebar on May 6, 1791, and an excerpt was published by the Danish East India Company. He served as a Second lieutenant at the Garrison in 1792 and Governor Peter Anker recorded that he was excellent in mathematics. While in Tranquebar, he worked on a monograph of the crabs which was never published. In 1795 he went to Sumatra (where he made an ascent of Gunung Bungkuk) and returned to Serampore. In 1798 he clashed with Colonel Bie and resigned from military service in 1799 but continued to stay member of the council. He died at Serampore in 1802. A debt of 665 Danish rigsdaler was paid by Ove R. Sehested who along with Tønder Lund obtained a number of his insect specimens. Some specimens went on to Peter Vogelius Deinboll. Some of the insects that Daldorff collected were examined and a few (such as the dragonfly Tholymis tillarga) were described by Fabricius. Several birds were described by Martin Vahl. The crab genus Daldorfia was named for him by Mary J. Rathbun in 1904. His note on the climbing perch Perca scandens to Joseph Banks was read in the Linnean Society in 1795. He noted that he had seen the fish climbing Borassus palms five feet above the ground using their fins and tails
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71330675
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martiniano%20Urriola
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Martiniano Urriola
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Urriola then participated in the Occupation of Lima along with the forces of Patricio Lynch and returned to the Peruvian capital after briefly returning to Chile in 1882. In the Sierra campaign, Urriola joined Marco Aurelio Arriagada's expedition against Andrés Avelino Cáceres. After the Peruvian defeat at the Battle of Huamachuco, the General Headquarters in Lima ordered an expedition to Ayacucho. Despite Urriola participating in previous engagements in the campaign, Lynch gave command of the expedition to José Antonio Gutiérrez because Urriola wouldn't be able to survive the hardships of the geography due to his age however Lynch eventually gave Urriola command of a Division consisting of the 3rd Pisagua Line Battalion, the Miraflores Battalion, 6 pieces of artillery from the 2nd Artillery Regiment, 90 Horse Grenadiers and 110 Yungay Carabineros. The expedition proved to be extremely deadly for the Chilean forces as the Peruvians enacted Guerrilla warfare against the Chileans, inciting indigenous uprisings as well as the continuous rains and snowfalls, the intense cold and the poor quality of clothing began to take a heavy toll on the Chilean forces but eventually, the Peruvians sued for peace in the Treaty of Ancón due to war exhaustion.
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71330924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komogovina%20Monastery
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Komogovina Monastery
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Monastery of the Transfiguration of the Lord is a Serbian Orthodox monastery in Komogovina, Croatia that was in operation between 1693 and 1777.
It was established by monks from Bosanska Krajina in XVII century in 1693. Their earlier monastery below the Kozara Mountain was destroyed in war against the Ottoman Empire. Its first monks were Jovo Svilokos and Silvestar Prodanović while monk Atanasije Ljubojević managed to attain religious diploma recognizing monastery's spiritual guidance over the Orthodox Vlachs and Serbs in between the Kupa and Una rivers. In between the 1715 and 1738 the monastery was the seat of the first three epískoposes of the historical Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Kostajnica- those being Ugarković, Dimitrijević and Ljubibratić. Epískopos Andrijević oversaw the construction of present day church in the 1741-1749 period.
Due to its small size the monastery was closed down in 1777 and its possessions were transferred to the Gomirje Monastery and to Serbian Orthodox monasteries in the region of Banat where majority of monks moved as well. The church was downgraded to a parish church. Local population opposed this decision and issued a People's Appeal against the abolition of monastery which was signed by two protopreslators, two governors, thirteen priests, and one 117 delegates from twenty-eight settlements.
The complex was heavily devastated by the Italian forces during World War II. Certain objects were saved earlier by the Museum of Arts and Crafts in Zagreb. Icons produced in the Komogovina Monastery are in specialized literature known as the Komogovina School. One of the relics saved in 1942 was the hand of the saint Teodor Tiron which survived burning by the Ottomans. After the end of World War II it remained in Zagreb where it was kept in silver box but it disappeared during the Croatian War of Independence.
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71331447
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20McCutcheon
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Bob McCutcheon
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Selected bibliography
Notes for a New History of Stirling (1985)
Stirling's Neebour Villages (1986)
Stirling (1986)
Pictures from the Past (1989)
Tempus 2000 (2000)
Personal life
McCutcheon was born on 21 October 1939. He traced his family back to the 17th century in the Bannockburn area of Stirling. A maternal ancestor, a blacksmith, had premises near the Borestone and would hire out a hammer and chisel to tourists to break off parts of the boulder to have as keepsakes.
He was married to Barbara, who sought out stock for the bookshop. The couple, who lived in Bannockburn, became historical advisers for several exhibitions that took place at the Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum.
McCutcheon retired due to ill health in 2000.
Death
McCutcheon died on 31 August 2002, aged 62. He was interred in Stirling's Bannockburn Cemetery. A year after his death, a 1930s tricycle which McCutcheon had restored was gifted to the Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum by his widow. The trike had been used by the Stirling's Cosy End Cafe, which was owned by the Giannandrea family, who used it to deliver ice-cream throughout the city during the summer seasons.
Legacy
In 2004, historian David R. Ross dedicated his book Desire Lines to McCutcheon:
Ross died six years after McCutcheon, from a heart attack. He was 51.
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71332046
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Coffey%20%28physician%29
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Denis Coffey (physician)
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Denis J. Coffey was an Irish Professor of Physiology at the Catholic University Medical School, Dean of Medicine at UCD, and served as president of University College Dublin from 1910 until 1940.
Denis Joseph Coffey was born in 1865 in Tralee, County Kerry. Educated locally at the Christian Brothers in Holy Cross, Tralee, he entered the Catholic University of Ireland School of Medicine, Cecilia St., Dublin, and graduated with a BA in 1886, and with a medical degree MB BCh BAO from the Royal University of Ireland in 1888. Gaining the RUI Travelling studentship he studied physiology in Madrid, Louvain, Marburg, and Leipzig.
Returning to Ireland he taught at Catholic University Medical School, in Cecilia Street, Dublin, from 1893, and professor from 1897, and from 1905 Dean(Registrar) of the Catholic Medical School as it merged with University College Dublin becoming its Faculty of Medicine. A nationalist, who supported Home Rule, he was a close friend of John Dillon, he was also a member of the Gaelic League. He was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in Ireland, and served as pro-vice-chancellor of the National University of Ireland. Coffey was awarded the Knight Grand Cross of the Pontifical Order of St. Sylvester (GCSS) by the pope for his services to education. In 1936 he was awarded an honorary degree LLD from Queen's University Belfast.
Coffey succeeded William Delany SJ becoming the first president of UCD as a constituent college of the National University of Ireland. He oversaw the development of UCD at Earlsfort Terrace, the merger of the College of Science, the Agricultural Albert College, and the move of the Medical School to UCD. He retired in 1940, also in 1940 he was awarded an Honorary DSc by the NUI and he died on April 3, 1945.
His son was the poet and publisher Brian Coffey(1905-1995).
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71332514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly%20House%2C%20Singapore
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Butterfly House, Singapore
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Butterfly House, also known as 23 Amber Road, was a unique house, with a convex, semicircular plan, the 'wings' of which gave rise to the 'butterfly' nickhame for the house. It is not, in fact, laid out on a true butterfly plan in the more usual Arts and Crafts sense of the name. It was the only historic residence in Singapore to be built using this plan form, and was unique in Southeast Asia. Most of the building, including its iconic curved wings were demolished in 2008 by developers in order to make way for a high-rise residential tower on the site, leaving only a small portion of the street-facing front of the house as a token facade to the generic residential tower behind, losing the part of the structure that gave the house its moniker.
Description
The Butterfly House was two-storeys tall, built in front of the sea and featured a unique plan form set out on a crescent, and featured a semi-circular verandah which was designed to catch the sea breeze. The house also had open verandahs along the entire sea facing side. However, due to land reclamation, by 2006, the building was no longer on the seafront. The street-facing front of the house featured a porte cochere, flanked by curving walls, which echoed the butterfly-shaped curved wings on the sea-facing side.
History
The Butterfly House was built in 1912 by Alexander William Cashin and was designed by prominent architect Regent Alfred John Bidwell. Cashin then gave the building to his brother-in-law, D. Kitovitz.
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71332728
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinesh%20Majumdar
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Dinesh Majumdar
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Dinesh Majumdar was a Marxist visionary and youth communist leader. A legendary student leader of the 1950s to the 1970s and a pioneer of the youth movement from the mid-1960s.
He was a three-term member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly between 1971 and 1980.
Early life
Dinesh Majumdar was born on 1 June 1937 in Galimpur village of Nawabganj police station of Sadar sub-division of Dhaka district. After the partition of India, his family moved to first to Howrah, then to Rupasreepalli, near Ranaghat, West Bengal.
He graduated from Rishi Bankim Chandra College in Naihati and Bangabasi College in Calcutta, both under the University of Calcutta.
Political career
He gradually became a student leader of the All India Students' Federation and later Bengal Provincial Students' Federation in the 1950s and 1960s.
He sided with Communist Party of India (Marxist) after it split from the Communist Party of India in 1964.
In 1968, when the Democratic Youth Federation was established in West Bengal as the youth association of CPI(M), he was elected as its founding president. He continued in that position till 1979. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee was elected along with him as the secretary of DYF.
He was elected to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly in 1971. He was re-elected in 1972, despite rampant rigging and violence on election day by Congress hoodlums.
Majumdar is remembered for his work towards eradicating unemployment. He also led a rally to declare 28 March as anti-employment day in West Bengal.
He was one of the few CPI(M) candidates elected in the 1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He was again elected in 1977.
After the Left Front government was formed in West Bengal after the 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Majumdar was appointed as the Chief Government Whip.
He continued to serve as an MLA and Chief Government Whip till his death in 1980.
Personal life
He married Jyotsna Roy. The couple had one daughter. He died on 25 October 1980.
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71332782
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Louis%20Dolliole
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Jean-Louis Dolliole
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Jean-Louis Dolliole (1779 – January 9, 1861) was an African-American architect in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, during the 19th century. He was a free man of color who also worked as a cabinetmaker, home builder, contractor, planter and leader of the African-American community of New Orleans in the time of the Antebellum South. Dolloile is noted for the architectural design of several residential projects which continue in use as homes into the 21st century. The designs were early versions of the creole cottage that became a common style of homes in New Orleans and elsewhere in the southern United States. Dolliole was a leader in the early development of the Faubourg Tremé neighborhood of New Orleans.
Personal life
Dolliole's father, Louis Dolliole, was from Provence and worked for many years as a builder in La Seyne-sur-Mer, France. At some point in the 1760s, the extended Dolliole family had emigrated to French Louisiana, settling in the Bayou St. John district which was then a suburb of New Orleans. Dolliole's father Louis resumed his career as a builder and designer in his new hometown. Louis Dolliole became romantically involved with a free woman of color, Geneviève ("Mamie") Laronde (alternative spelling Larronde). Laronde already had three children, and the couple went on to have four children together. One of these four children was Jean-Louis Dolliole, who was born in New Orleans in 1779.
However, the record is contradictory on Dolliole's birth. At least biographical source states that Dolliole was born in La Seyne-sur-Mer, France, that his mother was French although of African descent, and that the family emigrated to New Orleans in 1800.
Louis Dolliole's sons, Jean-Louis, Joseph and Pierre, likewise became builders and designers. Jean-Louis Dolliole went on to become the most notable of the architect-builders in the family. Either as a group or working independently, they built many French-style houses, notably with their sloping roofs, in the Tremé district of New Orleans.
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71333041
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earlstoun%20Castle
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Earlstoun Castle
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Earlstoun Castle, sometimes spelled Earlston Castle, is a derelict tower house near St John's Town of Dalry in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Built in the late sixteenth century, it was home to members of the Gordon family, including William Gordon of Earlston who was killed at the battle of Bothwell Bridge. It is unusual for a tower house of its age for its lack of defensive arrangements: it has no gun loops, its roof is without a parapet or corner turrets, and it lies in open ground without natural defences.
The castle was designated a scheduled monument in 1937; it was also designated a Category A listed building in 1971, but was delisted in 2017, while retaining its scheduled monument status.
Description
Earlstoun Castle lies on the edge of a shallow bank in open countryside about north of St John's Town of Dalry. It is an L-plan tower house, three storeys high with an attic above, made mostly of greywacke rubble with sandstone detailing, and a slate roof. It would originally have been harled, but the stonework is now exposed. It lacks many of the defensive features that might normally be expected on a building of its age and type, such as gun loops, a parapet and corner turrets, and its situation in open ground offers no natural protection. A single-storey farm building of the nineteenth century now abuts the tower on the south wall of the stair wing.
The ground-floor entrance to the castle is at the internal angle of the two wings, beneath a corbelled-out stair turret. This door gives access to a lobby, which connects to two barrel-vaulted cellars on the ground floor, and to the turnpike stair which leads to the upper floors.
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71334147
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature
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1940 Nobel Prize in Literature
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The 1940 Nobel Prize in Literature was not awarded when the Nobel committee's deliberations were upset by the start of World War II on September 1, 1939. Instead, the prize money was allocated with 1/3 to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. This was the fourth occasion in Nobel history that the prize was not conferred.
Nominations
Despite no author(s) being awarded for the 1940 prize due to the ongoing second world war, numerous literary critics, societies and academics continued sending nominations to the Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy, hoping that their nominated candidate may be considered for the prize. In total, the academy received 26 nominations for 19 writers.
Seven of the nominees were nominated first-time such as Carl Sandburg, Gabriela Mistral (awarded in 1945), Lin Yutang, Bert Bailey, and Edmund Blunden. The highest number of the nominations – three nominations – was for the French writer Henriette Charasson. Three of the nominees were women, namely Gabriela Mistral, Henriette Charasson, and Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício.
The authors Isaak Babel, Walter Benjamin, E. F. Benson, Marie Bregendahl, John Buchan, Mikhail Bulgakov, Mikhail Bulgakov, Tomás Carrasquilla, Charley Chase, Lucio D'Ambra, William Henry Davies, Mary Bathurst Deane, Charles Edgar du Perron, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Hamlin Garland, Emma Goldman, Anton Hansen (known as A. H. Tammsaare), Thomas Little Heath, Nicolae Iorga, Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao, Jan Lorentowicz, Edwin Markham, Hendrik Marsman, Ricardo Miró, Eileen Power, Ameen Rihani, T. O'Conor Sloane, Santōka Taneda, Menno ter Braak, Leon Trotsky, Nathanael West, and Humbert Wolfe died in 1940 without having been nominated for the prize.
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71334368
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature
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1941 Nobel Prize in Literature
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The 1941 Nobel Prize in Literature was not awarded due to the ongoing World War II that started in September 1, 1939. Instead, the prize money was allocated with 1/3 to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. This was the fifth occasion in Nobel history that the prize was not conferred.
Nominations
Despite no author(s) being awarded for the 1941 prize due to the ongoing second world war, a number of literary critics, societies and academics continued sending nominations to the Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy, hoping that their nominated candidate may be considered for the prize. In total, the academy received 21 nominations for 15 writers.
Three of the nominees were nominated first-time namely Manoel Wanderley, Ruth Comfort Young, and Branislav Petronijević. The highest number of the nominations – three nominations – was for the Danish author Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, who was awarded in 1944. Four of the nominees were women namely Gabriela Mistral (awarded in 1945), Henriette Charasson, Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício, and Ruth Comfort Young.
The authors Alexander Afinogenov, Sherwood Anderson, Oskar Baum, Mihály Babits, Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński, Karin Boye, Robert Byron, José de la Cuadra, Penelope Delta, William Arthur Dunkerley, James Joyce, Émile Nelligan, Banjo Paterson, Elizabeth Madox Roberts, Norberto Romualdez, Hasegawa Shigure, Gertrude Eileen Trevelyan, Marina Tsvetaeva, Evelyn Underhill, Elizabeth von Arnim, Benjamin Lee Whorf, Virginia Woolf, and May Ziadeh died in 1941 without having been nominated for the prize.
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71334545
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra%20quarry
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Alexandra quarry
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In order to develop the quarry, a second Alexandra Slate Company Ltd was formed in 1874, with Samual Bateson as its managing director and Sir Thomas Bateson and two of his brothers being major shareholders. The quarry produced 891 tons of product in 1875. Samuel Bateson seems to have spent another £15,000 of his own money on development, and had also bailed out the North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways to stop them from becoming bankrupt. A sinuous railway from the quarry to the railway's Bryngwyn Drumhead, from where an incline descended to Bryngwyn station, would enable slates to be shipped out more conveniently. Three locomotives were bought to work in the quarries, and the fourth to operate the exit tramway, which was completed in 1877. With the tunnel acting as a drain and an access tramway, the quarry pit was enlarged significantly.
Samuel Bateson died in 1879, but the lease was reassigned to his widow, Florinda Bateson, jointly with Sir Thomas Bateson, Wentworth Fitzwilliam, and John Menzies, who had been managing the quarry for almost a decade, although he was also managing the Cambrian quarry at Llanberis. Although the slate industry suffered a slump in the 1880s, Menzies pushed ahead, and the number of workers increased from 180 to 230 as the decade progressed. New leases were negotiated, covering , and sales in 1886 reached £16,000. A steam-powered mill was erected in 1887–88, with De Winton's of Caernarfon initially supplying 20 saw tables, and probably also supplying the steam engine to drive the mill. Four steam winders, to raise trucks to the mill level, were installed nearby in 1888, and a water-balanced shaft was also being used to raise rock by 1893. A large fall of rock from the sides of the quarry occurred in 1888, which took about a year to clear, and the main purple-red vein was interrupted by a granite pillar at the north-east end of the workings. They cut through it and found good quality blue rock beyond it.
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71334545
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra%20quarry
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Alexandra quarry
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Output and profits were variable, not helped by a 13-week coal strike in 1921, when only Alexandra could continue operating, due to its use of electricity. A fourth Blondin cableway was constructed at Alexandra in 1925, to make the removal of rock from pits 1 and 2 easier. A serious rock fall stopped production at Alexandra for two months in October 1926, and the 1926 coal strike again affected profits. Violent storms damaged two of the cableway towers, and there were major rock falls in Alexandra No.1 pit and the main working face at Moel Tryfan, resulting in the company reporting it first losses in 1928.
The quarries were closed from January to April 1930, due to heavy snow, there were large cracks above the faces at both Moel Tryfan and Alexandra. The company pleaded with the government for some assistance, by deferring payment of debenture interest, and suggested that the Crown Commissioners should hire two steam excavators to remove huge amounts of overburden. This course of action would be considerably cheaper that putting 500 men out of work and onto the dole, but no public money was forthcoming. The quarries closed later that year. The Labour government then asked Dorothea quarry if they would take over the operation, but they declined, stating that public money should be spent first. Unemployment in Rhosgadfan reached 99.9 per cent when the quarries were closed.
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71334578
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatar%20literature
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Tatar literature
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Tatar literature () consists of literature in the Tatar language, a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. Tatar literature is a part of Tatar society and has been part of Tatar history since the existence of a Tatar state. Famous Tatar poets include Kasim Bikkulov, Ğabdulla Tuqay, and Näqi İsänbät.
History
Tatar literature started nearly one thousand years ago. The most famous piece of early Tatar literature is The Story of Yusuf by Qol Ghali. Grammar of the Tatar literary language was different from standard Tatar as it had more Persian, Arabic, and Old Turkic words and during the Russian invasion of Tatarstan and occupation, Tatar poets still used the Arabic script even though it was banned by the Russian authorities. Tatars also used literature for their religion, Islam. In the 18th century, Kazakh poet, Abay Kunanbayev wrote many poems in Tatar. Tatar literature started to become popular during the 20th century and throughout the Soviet era especially during the Space Race. The city of Kazan was most famous for its literature because of Musa Dzhalil, a poet who wrote works in both Tatar and Russian.
Modern Day
The government of Tatarstan established an organization for Tatar literature called the Department of Tatar Literature.
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71334730
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anahita%20Razmi
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Anahita Razmi
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Anahita Razmi (b.1981; Persian: آناهیتا رزمی) is a German-born contemporary artist, of Iranian and German descent. She works with installation, sculpture, video art, and performance. Razmi’s work deploys an art processes of appropriation, in which the meaning(s) of existing images are altered by situating them in another temporal context. Her work often deals with both political and social issues, ones in fact that are often related to Iran, the homeland of Razmi's father. She lives in Berlin, and London.
Early life and education
Anahita Razmi was born in 1981 in Hamburg, Germany. Her mother is German, and her father is Iranian.
She studied media art at Bauhaus University, Weimar; followed by classes at Pratt Institute in New York City; and continued her studies in fine art and sculpture at State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart.
Career
Razmi's works have been exhibited at international institutions, such as the 55th Venice Biennale (2013), Venice; Halle 14 (2019), Leipzig; Zachęta National Gallery of Art (2016–2017), Warsaw; Museo Jumex, Mexico City; Kunstraum Innsbruck (2018), Innsbruck, Austria; Sazmanab Center for Contemporary Art, Tehran; Kunsthalle Baden-Baden, and Kunstmuseum Stuttgart (2013). During the Mahsa Amini protests, Razmi was one of a few artist to release protests posters.
Razmi received the Tarabya Cultural Academy fellowship, Istanbul (2020), the Goethe residency at LUX, London (2018), the Villa Kamogawa Residency, Kyoto (2015). She was awarded the Erich Hauser Art Foundation award (2015), the MAK–Schindler scholarship, Los Angeles (2013), and the Emdash award, Frieze Foundation, London (2011). In 2022, Razmi rejected an artist grant from the Stiftung Kunstfonds, criticizing the foundation's structural setup and the lack of diversity within its jury.
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71335141
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescent%2C%20Michigan
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Crescent, Michigan
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Crescent is a ghost town located on the west shore of North Manitou Island off the Leelanau Peninsula, in Leelanau County, Michigan. The small town was first settled in the 1860s with the arrival of logging and farming industries and European immigrants, reaching its heyday in the early 1900s with the peak of the logging industry on the island. After the mills shut down in 1917, the town was abandoned with the island as a whole pivoting away from industry towards small scale tourism.
Buildings and other remnants of the town were torn down over the years, with the few remaining buildings currently under the purview of the National Park Service as part of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore after the purchase of the island in 1983. Today, the ghost town is accessible via trails on the island reachable by ferry from Leland.
History
Early history
The area that eventually became Crescent was first populated in the late 1860s with the construction of a dock in the natural bay, used mostly for supplying timber as fuel for passing ships as well as farm exports from the island. However, this first settlement was abandoned soon after the closure of the first dock in 1873. Interest in the site was rekindled in the 1880s as the west side of the island was more hospitable to a harbor and dock, with a second dock built sometime in the late 1880s or early 1890s. This second dock was used as a general port for the island, serving both passenger ferries from places such as Chicago as well as logging and produce exports.
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71335141
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescent%2C%20Michigan
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Crescent, Michigan
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Logging, Peak, and Decline
Crescent became a boomtown with the arrival of large-scale logging operations to North Manitou Island. In 1906 the Smith & Hull Lumber Company purchased 4,000 acres of forest on the west side of the island. The town quickly grew around the base of operations set up around the dock at Crescent, with multiple sawmills, a short line railroad, and a collection of buildings. Alongside the logging operations grew a small resort area was also formed, catering to Chicago residents looking for an escape from the summer heat. A school was formed in 1906 as a branch of the Leland Township school, which continued operations until 1941, only reaching a maximum number of 25 students at once. The Smith & Hull company ended logging operations in 1917, with most of the workers departing soon after to find new jobs. Most of the logging equipment and buildings remained well through World War II, with some of it still operational. A telephone system connecting to Crescent was added as part of an island-wide installation in 1927, servicing the few remaining residents. By the 1930s, the town was abandoned and slowly came apart until stabilization efforts in the 1980s under the National Park Service.
Remnants
Today, there are few built remains of Crescent. The dock fell into disrepair and was eventually destroyed by a storm, along with almost all of the former buildings. The only extant building is Swenson's Barn on the southern end of the settled area. A large clearing and pathways still remain as legacies of human settlement, as well as the former railroad path which has been repurposed into a trail called the Old Grade. The wooden foundation posts of the dock still exist in the shallow parts of the shore, and can be seen today.
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71335405
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte%20San%20Giorgio%20%28Cottian%20Alps%29
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Monte San Giorgio (Cottian Alps)
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The Monte San Giorgio is a mountain in the Cottian Alps, Metropolitan City of Turin in Piedmont, north-western Italy. It is located in the comune of Piossasco.
Features
The mountain overlooks the centre of Piossasco and belongs to the North flank of the Chisola valley. On its summit three ridges meet: the Eastern one goes down to the saddle Colle della Serva, then regains elevation with the Rôcàs (825 m) and connects the mountain with the Montagnazza and the rest of the Alpine chain; the brief North and South ridges divide the flat area where the centre of Piosasco lies from the Chisola valley (South) and from the short valley drained by a stream named Bealera di Piossasco. On the summit of Monte San Giorgio stands a tall summit cross, a small shelter devoted to the memory of Lorenzo Nicola, an Italian officer who died in Russia in 1943 and awarded with the Gold Medal of Military Valour, and the Saint George's Middle Ages church.
Geology
The rocks which form the mountain belong to the Ultrabasic Lanzo massif, a geologic formation of an extremely deep origin. Its prevailing rocks are peridotites, very rich in magnesium and which strongly influence the soil chemistry of the area, and thus its vegetation.
Access to the summit
Pedestrian access
The shortest hiking way to attain the mountain is the footpath which starts from "Tre castelli" (Piossasco) and, after crossing a place named "Croce dei Castelli" (450 m), reaches the summit through its sunny South ridge. Another footpath connects Piossasco with Monte San Giorgio through the small church of San Valeriano, and can be used on the way back in order to form an hiking loop. Other hiking itineraries cross the mountain; among them the David Bertrand footpath, devoted to the memory of a young volunteer fireman fallen on duty during a wood-fire.
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77261621
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan%20Jovan%20Zograf
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Metropolitan Jovan Zograf
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Metropolitan Jovan Zograf (the Icon Painter) lived and worked in the 14th and early 15th centuries in what was then Medieval Serbia, now North Macedonia. He is known only by his baptismal name, Pribila. His father, a builder named Hajko, became a monk and took the name Hariton at the Monastery of Zrze, not far from Prilep. Like his father, Pribila and his brother Prijezda were tonsured as monks in the same monastery. Pribila became known as Jovan, and Prijezda took the name Makarije, later becoming known as Makarije Zograf. Both brothers gained recognition as notable icon painters during their lifetimes.
Monk Jovan was elevated to the rank of Metropolitan in the Serbian Orthodox Church, yet he continued to paint frescoes and icons. His most famous work, "Jesus Christ, Saviour and Life Giver," was painted in 1383 at Zrze, during the rule of Marko Mrnjavčević (1371-1395).
Today, the original painting is housed in the Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia in Skopje.
Metropolitan Jovan Zograf lived during the time of Lazar of Serbia and Stefan Lazarević. He had two assistants, monk-painters Grigorije and Aleksije. The latter, Aleksije, signed his work at the Church of the Virgin in the village of Globoko, near Prespa Lake, as "Aleksije, the pupil of Jovan Zograf" at the end of the 14th century.
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77262152
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorkoye%20%28Novichikhinsky%20District%29
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Gorkoye (Novichikhinsky District)
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Gorkoye () is a salt lake in Novichikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russian Federation.
The lake lies roughly in the middle of the Krai. The nearest town is Melnikovo close to the southern end. Novichikha, the district capital, lies to the east of the southeastern shore. The lake and its surrounding area is a tourist attraction and was declared a natural monument of regional significance in 2015.
Geography
With a length of , Gorkoye is one of the longest lakes in Altai Krai. It lies in one of the wide ravines of glacial origin that cut diagonally across the Ob Plateau. The lake has an elongated shape, stretching roughly from northeast to southwest. The water is saline but was fresh in the past. The silt at the bottom of the lake is reputed to have healing properties. A ribbon forest stretches along the southeastern lakeshore.
Lake Zerkalnoye is located in the same trench to the northeast, at the head of the Barnaulka river. Gorkoye lies to the northwest, Gorkoye-Peresheyechnoye to the southwest and pink lake Malinovoye to the west.
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77262226
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C5%ABrin
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Fūrin
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A is a small, bowl-shaped Japanese wind chime typically hung during the summer. A piece of paper called tanzaku (短冊) is usually hung from each fūrin to cause it to ring even with just a slight breeze. The sound of the fūrin and the sight of the paper blowing in the wind are seen by many Japanese people as having a cooling effect during the hot Japanese summer.
History
The origins of fūrin are believed to be from the Chinese Tang Dynasty when metal wind chimes were hung in bamboo forests and used to tell fortunes. The word fūrin was first used in Japan during the Heian period when they were hung from eaves, particularly at Buddhist temples, as talismans to ward off evil spirits. They can still be found at many shrines and temples in Japan.
Glass fūrin were first made during the late Edo period. Glass is the most popular material used for fūrin in modern Japan and these glass fūrin are referred to as Edo Fūrin (江戸風鈴). It was also during the Edo period that fūrin were first seen to have cooling properties during the Japanese summer. It is this perceived effect that makes fūrin a summer fūbutsushi (風物詩), or an item characteristic of a certain Japanese season.
During the Edo period, these fūrin, which were made by free glassblowing, were very expensive and primarily used by feudal lords and wealthy merchants. Mass-produced glass fūrin in modern Japan have made them affordable and widespread at Japanese households, but the tradition of free-blowing glass to make fūrin is still practiced by some craftsmen in Japan. Fūrin made from metal and other materials can also still be found throughout Japan.
Fūrin events
During summer in Japan, various events are held throughout the country in which many, sometimes thousands, of fūrin are hung. These fūrin displays, often at temples or shrines, are popular seasonal attractions. Notable events include:
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77262372
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredl%20Fesl
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Fredl Fesl
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Alfred Raimund Fesl (7 July 1947 – 25 June 2024), better known as Fredl Fesl, was a Lower Bavarian musician and singer who was said to be the one who invented Bavarian musical Kabarett.
Early life
Fesl grew up in the town of his birth, Grafenau in the Bavarian Forest and then moved with his parents to Greding in Middle Franconia. There, Fesl's parents ran an inn, Zum Bayerischen. In his childhood, Fesl was, according to the story, once expelled from a school for replying to a box on the ear from a teacher by boxing the teacher's ear back. Further academic endeavours, though, were somewhat more successful. After finishing at the Volksschule, he passed the intake examination for the Oberrealschule in Ingolstadt (now called the Christoph-Scheiner-Gymnasium), where he lived at boarding school. In 1959, the family moved to Munich, where Fesl learnt from his father how to play the trumpet — this after his earlier failed attempts in Greding to teach his son to play the clarinet and the accordion. Fesl was, in both 1966 and 1967 the Upper Bavarian Junior Champion Weightlifter for the club ESV München Ost, to which he had belonged since 1962. Fesl did an apprenticeship as an artist blacksmith. He learnt to play guitar while he was in the Bundeswehr, where he also became the joker in the background in his outfit, the Gebirgsjägertruppe ("Mountain Infantry"), which somewhat irked his superiors.
| 2.359375
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77262511
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif%20Loveyko
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Iosif Loveyko
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Although the architect's own style had not yet been fully formed, architect Karo Alabyan drew attention to his work in the article "Against formalism, simplification, eclecticism", which was published in the April issue of "Architecture of the USSR" in 1936. The article set the standards of Soviet architecture and at the same time criticized all "anti-Soviet" styles. The author called "simplistic eclecticism" unacceptable and included Loveyko among the "simple people". This assessment influenced the young architect, so his works of the 1940s and early 1950s are strikingly different from his earlier ones.
After the start of the war, he remained in the capital to participate in the development of Moscow defensive structures.
Since 1944, he again began designing civil buildings and in 1946 headed the Architectural and Construction Workshop of the Moscow City Council. In the post-war decade, he developed projects in the "Stalinist architecture" style. At that time, "Seven Sisters with their vertical composition were recognized as a standard, a symbol of the "emancipation of the mighty forces" of the country. Following architectural fashion, the architect decorated the main facades with massive porticos and colonnades. Among his similar works are the administrative building of the NKVD (current address - Gazetny Lane, 6), a residential building on Krasnopresnenskaya Embankment, 2/1, and the Sovietsky Hotel.
Chief architect of Moscow
In 1955, he was appointed head of the Architectural and Planning Department of Moscow. During his five years in office, he continued to develop projects that were adopted under his predecessor Aleksandr Vlasov. The main task of the Moscow authorities was the construction of new districts on the outskirts of the capital. It was in the second half of the 1950s that the design of individual buildings was abandoned; the microdistrict became the main unit of urban development.
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77262733
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%20Red%20Army%20Monument%2C%20Harbin
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Soviet Red Army Monument, Harbin
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The monument became one of Harbin's cultural relics protection sites in 1995 and on November 11, 1997, then President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, during his state visit to China, visited Harbin and laid a wreath in front of the monument. On January 10, 1999, the monument was listed as the fourth batch of Heilongjiang Province's cultural relics protection sites. In 2010, the monument was declared as Harbin's fourth batch of first-class historical buildings and in 2011, it was repaired as a whole with some of its parts and the commemorative words on the monument repainted with the damaged parts of the monument completely replaced.
On May 17, 2024, during his visit to Harbin as part of his state visit to China, President of Russia Vladimir Putin laid flowers at the monument.
Structure
The Soviet Red Army Monument consists of a monument top, two parts of the monument body and a monument base. It is high and faces east. There are two life-size sculptures of a Soviet Red Army soldier and a Soviet Navy sailor. They hold a rifle that has fallen to the ground in one hand and raise a five-pointed star with the other hand together, symbolizing victory in the war.
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77262953
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belitung%20Malay
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Belitung Malay
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Belitung Malay is a spoken language used by Belitung speakers when talking with family members, friends, and co-workers on informal occasions in markets, shops, stalls, and so forth. It also functions as a lingua franca; non-Malay people, such as Chinese and Bugis, among others in the area, often choose to speak Belitung Malay between people from different ethnic groups. Belitung Malay is not used in formal situations in Belitung; it is not taught in schools or used in governmental offices. Instead, Indonesian, the official language of Indonesia, is learned at school. Children are exposed to Indonesian from birth through television, the internet, national ceremonial speeches, magazines, newspapers, books, and other media. Nonetheless, Belitung Malay retains its dominance as an everyday language. Increasing usage of Indonesian has led many Belitung Malay speakers to code-switch and code-mix between standard Indonesian and Belitung Malay.
Phonology
Belitung Malay, like many other regional languages in Indonesia, lacks a standardized phonological system. Nevertheless, many of the phonological system designed for Belitung Malay is loosely based on standard Indonesian orthography.
Vowels
Like Indonesian and Standard Malay, Belitung Malay possesses 6 phonemic vowels .
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77263046
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swar%20Dharohar%20Festival
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Swar Dharohar Festival
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Swar Dharohar Festival () is a celebration of music, art, and literature that highlights the rich cultural diversity and artistic legacy of India. As part of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, it has been arranged by the Swar Dharohar Foundation in association with the Indian Ministry of Culture every year.
The festival aims to showcase a variety of Indian classical and Sufi music, both vocal and instrumental.
History
The Swar Dharohar Foundation in Delhi launched the festival in 2003 to commemorate, protect, and advance India's rich cultural and creative legacy.
The foundation's primary goal is to uncover and give a platform to underappreciated artists and unsung champions in the field. Collaborations with nearby communities allow it to showcase the diversity of Indian culture. It was organised at India Gate in 2022 under the Kalanjali (an Amrit Mahotsav initiative).
The founder of the festival is GM Khan, and the director is Md Umar Kadri.
Notable participants
Pandit Lalit Prasad (Classical vocalist)
Hamsar Hayat Nizami (Sufi music)
Athar Hayat Nizami (Sufi music)
Nooran Sisters
Pandit Suvir Mishra
Hans Raj Hans
Shahid Anjum
| 2.34375
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77263093
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%20Winnett
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Taylor Winnett
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Taylor Winnett (born April 24, 1999) is an American Paralympic swimmer who will represent the United States at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.
Early life and education
Winnett was born on April 24, 1999, in Hershey, Pennsylvania. She committed to swim at Loyola University Maryland, the summer before her senior year in high school. In August 2016, she flipped over on a jet ski and herniated two discs in her spine. In October 2016, she fell during calculus class and suffered a fractured vertebrae and a Tarlov cyst at the base of her spine. She was then diagnosed with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.
She was forced to complete her senior year of high school online and decommitted from college swimming. Her physical therapist at Johns Hopkins Hospital suggested she start swimming again, and her swim coach at Loyola suggested she get involved in Para swimming. After two-and-a-half years of pain management and rehabilitation, she received her classification in 2019 at the Bill Keating Cincinnati Para Swimming Open.
Career
Winnett represented the United States at the 2023 Parapan American Games where she was the most decorated U.S. athlete at the games with seven medals. She won three gold medals and four silver medals. During the 100 meter butterfly S10 event she set a Parapan American Games record with a time of 1:09.35.
On June 30, 2024, Winnett was named to team USA's roster to compete at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.
Personal life
Winnett began swimming at the age of four, her mother was a swim coach, while her older sister was also a swimmer. She is married to Spc. Jeric Winnett, a combat engineer with the 595th Sapper Company in the Army.
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77263134
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav%20Onyshchuk
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Yaroslav Onyshchuk
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Yaroslav Onyshchuk (; born 4 June 1967) is a Ukrainian archaeologist, historian, scientist. Doctor of Historical Science (2019).
Biography
Yaroslav Onyshchuk was born on 4 June 1967 in Popivtsi, now the Pidkamin Hromada of Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine.
In 1991, he graduated from the Faculty of History of Ivan Franko University of Lviv. He worked as the executive secretary of the Brody District Organization of the Ukrainian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (1991–1992); junior (1992–1994), senior (1993–1998) researcher at the Brody Local History Department of the Lviv Historical Museum.
From 1995 at his Alma Mater: postgraduate student, docent (1999), associate professor (1999), doctoral candidate, chief (2021) of the Department of Archaeology and History of Ancient Civilizations.
Deputy Director of the memorial and search enterprise of the Lviv Regional Council "Dolia". Co-founder and head of the public organization "Society for the Search for War Victims "Pamiat" (2005-2007).
Scientific achievements
He is the author of more than 200 scientific and popular science works on archeology and history of Ukraine.
Monographs:
"Naselennia Zakhidnoi Volyni ta Zakhidnoho Podillia u pershii polovyni I tys. n. e.: kulturno-istorychnyi aspekt" (2018);
"Cherniakhivske poselennia Hliadky u verkhivi Pivdennoho Buhu" (2004, co-author);
"Ukrainski sichivi striltsi. Zbirnyk istorychnykh fotohrafii u shesty trmatychnykh zbirkakh" (2003, compiler).
He studied archaeological sites of Roman times in the upper reaches of the rivers Ikva (Dudyn II, Nakvasha I), Styr (Brody I, Sukhovolia I, IV), Seret (Malynyshche I), and Western Bug (Kariv I, XIII).
Research interests: archaeology of Ukraine, ethnic history and archaeology of the Roman period, military archaeology of the modern period.
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77264241
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farewell%20of%20Hector%20and%20Andromache
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Farewell of Hector and Andromache
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The State Tretyakov Gallery houses a study entitled Young man presenting a shield. Arm bent at the elbow (early 1770s, grey primed paper, Italian pencil, chalk, 28.7 × 22.4 cm, Inventory No. 26513, album, folio 18, pasted on the album sheet) and The head of a crying woman (early 1770s, blue primed paper, lead pencil, 14.7 × 12.5 cm, Inventory No. R-1347). The first of these had been held in the St. Petersburg collection of A. R. Tomilov and was subsequently transferred to the Moscow collection of A. F. Zakharov. It was acquired by the Gallery in 1944 from Zakharov. This study, which depicts a young warrior bent over with a shield, is "characterised by great skill of execution, faithfulness of proportions and complete clarity of the model's character." It effectively conveys the movement of the young man, as well as the position of his torso and head. The drawing, entitled The head of a crying woman (also known as The head of a crying maid), was previously in the collection of A. F. Korostin, and subsequently in the collection of A. F. Korostin. The painting was subsequently acquired by the gallery in 1971 from F. Korostin and I. A. Korostina, who had acquired it from the artist in 1968. In the same year, the painting was restored by E. N. Divova. This study, which is regarded as "one of the earliest and most expressive images of a Russian peasant woman created in the 18th century," provides evidence of a meticulous search for the image of a maid.
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77264594
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfield%20Public%20School
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Fairfield Public School
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In November 2016, Fairfield Public School had recorded the biggest increase of students in its Intensive English Centre. In January 2017, over 200 families enrolled their children in the school, many of whom were recent refugees from overseas, including Syria – The new students received a pencil case, teddy bear and drink bottle. In December 2017, students from the school took part in the annual Christmas trolley run for the disadvantaged in Fairfield CBD, where students rode trolleys filled with food and were led by the school's drumming band to the Fairfield Uniting Church.
In January 2018, the school began to improve its indigenous education due to national population boom in school-aged Aboriginal children. In June 2018, the school's library picked up of new books from Dymocks, after Dymocks Children's Charities assisted the students to raise to help refill the school's library with 500 new books. In 2018, every new refugee student was given a "welcome pack" that featured a jump rope, colouring pencils, a colouring book and a tennis ball.
Demographics and statistics
Student population is transient; enrolment has decreased since 2020, with an enrolment of 503 students at the beginning of 2021, down from 565 at the end of 2020 and 617 students in 2015. In 2023, 437 students were enrolled, down from 462 students in 2022. As of 2023, the school has around 15 classroom teachers, 4 ESL teachers, 5 assistant principals, 4 administration support staff and 1 counsellor. The school's teaching staff features a blend of experienced and early-career teachers.
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77264594
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfield%20Public%20School
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Fairfield Public School
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Welfare and trauma
Many of the school's refugee students have experienced trauma and poor education prior to immigrating, in addition to some who have had gaps in their education and others who have family members killed or lost in war. Some of the refugee students who first enrolled poor health such as vitamin D deficiency and poor dental care. Furthermore, many students are poor swimmers, as they had very little contact with open water in their native countries, therefore making the annual swimming carnival perilous for them – Former deputy principal Kim Cootes stated that "nine out of ten kids will get into the pool and sink to the bottom".
According to the Sydney Morning Herald, the children "have seen more air raids and bombings than athletics carnivals or assemblies". In 2016, a child became agitated during a sausage barbeque party because the smoke smelled like when their school was bombed, thereby highlighting the school's challenges of educating refugee children with psychological trauma.
Some students tend to behave well for the first six or 12 months after being enrolled, only to begin misbehaving just as they settle in and accustom. Race-related bullying has not been encountered in the school. The Positive Behaviour for Learning (PBL) data exhibited a slim increase in the number of students who received the school's highest award for positive behaviour, from 78.6% in 2022 to 81.5% in 2023. In 2023, incidents (which includes bullying) decreased 48.35% from the 2022 baseline data.
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77264856
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadian%20theatre
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Acadian theatre
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Playwrights and directors
The quality of Acadian dramaturgy has demonstrably improved since the 1970s, with contemporary infrastructure likely providing a stimulus for authors.
The work of Antonine Maillet (born in Bouctouche in 1929) is of great significance in Acadian culture, whether in literature —she was awarded the Prix Goncourt in 1979 for her novel — or theatre. She is often compared to Gratien Gélinas or Michel Tremblay for Quebec theatre. She revitalized Acadian dramatic literature, as did the first, staging characters from the region who spoke like the people, as did the second. According to Zénon-Chiasson, Maillet succeeded in creating a national dramatic tradition with La Sagouine, overcoming three centuries of uncertainty.
Born in Saint-Simon in 1946, Herménégilde Chiasson is the most prolific playwright after Antonine Maillet. His plays, which are sometimes serious and sometimes humorous, explore three themes: the fantastic, imaginary worlds, and wonders in Becquer Bobo (1976), Mine de Rien, L'Étoile de Mine de Rien (1982) —written in collaboration with Roger LeBlanc— and Atarelle et les Pacmaniens. In Histoire en histoire (1980) and Renaissances (1984), he employed a revisionist historical perspective. In Au plus fort la poche (1977), Cogne Fou (1981), and Y'a pas que des maringouins dans les campings (1986), he explored the genres of farce and humor. He wrote relatively little for teenagers, an audience likely to be more challenging to reach with theatre. However, he was successful with Pierre, Hélène et Michaël (1990). The majority of his plays are produced by Théâtre l'Escaouette, but TPA also produced L'Amer à boire in 1977, while the Université de Moncton produced Au plus fort la poche and Becquer Bobo. In 1985, Atarelle et les Pacmaniens embarked on a European tour.
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77264856
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadian%20theatre
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Acadian theatre
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The Acadian theater has frequently centered on Acadia, according to Zénon-Chiasson, falling into clichés and frequently using various Acadian symbols like the national flag, typical dishes, and fishing gear. However, this has helped develop an authentic theater that is not "colonized." Antonine Maillet's works, notably La Sagouine, with their vernacular language and portrayal of the poor and marginalized, have contributed to shaping Acadian identity through theater. Historical plays are often employed for this purpose, although the events depicted are often distorted, generally to update the fight for social justice and freedoms. It is not so much the events that are transformed but the way they are represented, often using satire. Michel Roy critiques this practice in his 1978 essay L'Acadie perdue. Themes about history and the debate surrounding identity have become less prominent in contemporary Acadian theatre. However, Herménégilde Chiasson's Pierre, Hélène et Michael (1990) addresses the subject of exile and the allure of Anglophone culture. In Jules and Jeannine Boudreau's play Des amis pas pareils, animals lose their tails and, consequently, their identity, which can be seen as a metaphor for the assimilation of Acadians. From the 1980s, social concerns common to other peoples began to be represented in Acadian theatre. There is a tendency to avoid using purely Acadian subjects and to adopt more universal themes. Even the words Acadie and Acadian are sometimes set aside.
Nevertheless, the Acadian theater is not exclusively focused on Acadia and its inhabitants. A notable illustration of this is Antonine Maillet's works, particularly , which is set in a Montreal park.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20Berk
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Ernest Berk
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In 1968, his work was presented at two pioneering London electronic music concerts – at the Queen Elizabeth Hall on 15 January 1968, and later at the Planetarium – alongside the music of other early electronic music contemporaries in the UK, such as Peter Zinovieff, Brian Dennis, Hugh Davies, Delia Derbyshire, Tristram Cary, Daphne Oram and George Newson. In 1970, he established a new studio at 52 Dorset Street, London W1.
More than 200 electronic pieces emerged between 1957 and 1984. Two ballet soundtracks (Initiation and Gemini) were issued on a private record in 1970 and later commercially released by Trunk Records in 2019. Huddersfield Contemporary Records issued a double CD of his music, Diversed Tapes, in 2024.
Influences
As well as dancing and choreography, Berk was skilled as a mime artist and percussionist. His choreography was influenced by the Dresden expressionist school, and the subject matter of his ballets were shaped by his left-wing politics. His music shows his awareness of the folk traditions of India and China. Berk amassed a large collection of folk percussion instruments from those continents. There were collaborations with other experimental artists, such as pianist John Tilbury, composer Basil Kirchin, visual artist John Latham, and filmmaker David Gladwell.
Later life and return to Germany
In 1933, Berk married the dancer Liselotte Heymansohn (Lotte Berk), with whom he often collaborated, and there was a daughter, Esther. They separated in the 1960s, and Lotte Berk went on to develop methods of exercise that attracted celebrity interest from Britt Ekland, Barbra Streisand and Joan Collins. In 1965, Berk married a second time, this time to another dancer, Ailsa Park, nearly 40 years his junior.
Together they formed the Dance Theatre Commune in 1970, and taught at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and at the Stanhope Institute for adult education.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname%20inflection
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Surname inflection
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In some languages and countries, surname inflection (, , ) refers to the transformation of a surname, most often in the masculine gender, into a surname for a person of the opposite sex—thus usually a woman—by modifying the initial form of the surname.
The purpose is usually the expression of the family status of the bearer of the surname to be brought into line with the expression of its grammatical gender. We also inflect personal names in a similar way (Jan/Ján - Jana) and nouns denoting persons, e.g. Czech and Slovak professions (doktor - doktorka). But the procedure is different for surnames. Inflection allows them to be inflected in accordance with the rule of agreement of subject and predicate, thereby expressing relationships in the sentence (for example, what is the podmet and what is the subject) in the sentence.
On the contrary, it rarely deviates from the feminine form of the surname to the masculine, e.g. when a person changes gender to masculine or during marriage the groom takes the bride's surname or for the son of an unmarried mother. Then the masculine form is used, commonly understood as basic, uninflected.
The female variant of the surname is usually formed as feminative from the basic, male variant, or the male and female variants are grammatically symmetrical. Moreover, in some other languages and cultures, maiden surnames (belonging to the father, e.g. Polish -ówna) were or are being distinguished from wives' surnames (belonging to the husband, e.g. Polish -owa). Inflection of surnames is especially typical for inflective language, in which it is usually done with specific suffixes.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname%20inflection
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Surname inflection
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Czech
For historical and linguistic reasons, the forms of female surnames are mainly the result of the inflection of male surnames.
Development and methods of inflection
As historical records testify, women's names used to be as free as men's names. A woman was therefore a separately named person, often independent of a man's name, e.g. by origin. Examples: Eliška z Křivé, žena Jana Pšeničky z Račína ("Eliška from Křivá, wife of Jan Pšenička from Račín") (1483); M. Š. Plachý koupil dvůr od Mariany Bosákovic, manželky Jakuba Koklštejna ("M.Š. Plachý bought a garden from Mariana Bosákovic, wife of Jakub Koklštejn") (1610). Gradually, several ways of writing the names of persons of the female gender became established:
First name of the woman and her occupation. (Káča děvečka, Anna kuchařka, Barbora markytánka - Káča the housemaid, Anna the cook, Barbora the sutler)
The woman's first name and her relationship (Anna matka Probošta, Manda žena Pátka, Ludmila za Bobka, Dorota vdova po Novotným, Anna dcera Hejla). This method of writing was also used in registers kept in Latin (Ludmilla filia Jakobi Holan, Anna vidua post Vitum Slaby).
The woman's first name combined with an adjective or noun, formed from the man's name or the name of the man's or father's occupation. (Mariána ševcova, Dorota Karáskova, Kateřina mlynářka, Anna Beranka).
For surnames formed by an adjective, the surname is naturally distinguished (Pěkná, Malopolská, Witovská)
The inflection of (male) surnames by means of various suffixes was promoted gradually and locally differently.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname%20inflection
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Surname inflection
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The trend of not changing the surname intensified after 2000, especially among cosmopolitan layers of the population, i.e. among Czechs who married foreigners or are in more intensive contact with foreign countries and foreign nationals. The reasons given by the women are, for example, that some foreigners "do not understand that Svoboda and Svobodová are married, they consider it to be two different names" or that they often think of them as Russian because of the suffix abroad or that they themselves think they are too Russian. Sometimes the stated reason is that the straight form simply sounds better to them, its brevity seems more practical to them or they find it original or they consider it an important expression of personal free choice. According to psychologist Lenka Čadová, women usually resort to these trends with the intention of increasing visibility or a more attractive image.
Feminist discourse has played a role, criticizing the adoption of male surnames for women as well as forms of surnames that women "appropriate" from men. One of the leading proponents of non-inflected surnames is a gender linguist and feminist Jana Valdrová. She drew attention to the asymmetry in the use of surnames, expressing the subordination and secondary status of women: "Imagine that the world is ruled by women. Kovářka's son will be Pavel Kovářčin and after his marriage to Maria Borůvka he will take the surname Borůvčin. The suffix -in will express to which woman the given man belongs."
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname%20inflection
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Surname inflection
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Jana Valdrová reminds that in Czech there are a number of uninflected first names (Dagmar, Miriam), but also uninflected surnames (Martinů, Janů, Krejčů, Hrejsemnou, Osolsobě, Šerých), in the case of some names and surnames, the feminine variant is uninflectionable (Krejčí), while the masculine has different forms in different cases. Some dialects with endings -ová they avoid it by replacing it with a genderless and indeclinable ending -ů, -ojc, -ovic, -ých. Valdrová concluded from this that female surnames without -ová are grammatically correct in Czech, used for hundreds of years, their use is not hindered by any language specifics and there is no reason to prevent their registration by legal provisions.
Legal regulation of surnames in the Czech Republic
The use of names and surnames in common language or in the media is not regulated by law. The law does not regulate the practical application of unbiased registry (recorded) surnames of women in Czech texts, whether in written or spoken form. Some women who have an uninflected surname assume or directly demand the uninflected use, others are neutral in this regard and do not mind the common use of inflected forms of the surname. The inflection of surnames in common language use is usually preferred by linguists from Ústav pro jazyk český Akademie věd České republiky.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname%20inflection
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Surname inflection
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Slovak language inflects in a very similar way to Czech, but has fewer exceptions to inflection. Specifically, for example, the bearer's express wish not to change her name is more often respected in Czech language. For example, Kateřina Emmons in Slovak language it is often obliquely Kateřina Emmonsová, almost never in Czech language.
Sorbian language
In Lower Sorbian language, surnames are inflected differently for married and unmarried women. Names of married women most often have a suffix -owa, (Nowak – Nowakowa), i.e. similar to Czech language. There are also female surnames with the suffix -ka, tathese are formed mainly from male surnames of foreign origin (Budarka, Urbanka). Lower Sorbian language has also a suffix -ina/-yna, (Markula- Markulina, Nowka – Nowcyna).
Inflected surnames of unmarried women for male surnames ending with consonant or -o are formed with a suffix -ojc/-jejc (Nowak – Nowakojc, Wuglaŕ – Wuglarjejc). From male surnames ending with -a oblique forms are formed by the suffix -ic/-yc (Markula- Markulic, Nowka – Nowcyc). Similar forms of these forms can be found in Czech dialects (e.g. Mařka Novákojc or Mařka Novákovic).
Also in Upper Sorbian language surnames are inflected differently for married and unmarried women. For the extension -owa here it is used for male surnames ending with a consonant (Rawp - Rawpowa). Male surnames ending with -a, -o, -ski a -cki are inflected by suffixes -ina/-yna, (Andricki - Andryccyna). Addressing with a suffix -ka (Urbanka) are considered unwritten.
Inflected surnames of unmarried women with male surnames ending with a consonant and with -ka or -ca forms a suffix -ec (Kral – Kralec, Čornak – Čornakec). From male surnames ending with -a or -o oblique forms are formed by the suffix -ic. (Róla – Rólic, Nedo - Nedźic).
Polish
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Surname inflection
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Inflection rules
In Polish, surnames are inflected in a similar fashion as in Czech, with the main exception of the surnames of unmarried women. Currently, however, the inflection pattern previously used for unmarried women (daughters) is being abandoned, and married women also often use unchanged (masculine form) surnames, or add the uninflected surname of their husbands to their original surname.
Male surnames that are adjectives (Czarny, Farny), are inflected like adjectives by changing the grammatical gender: Czarna, Farna.
This also applies to the most common surnames ending in the suffix -ski or -cki, which also deviate by changing the gender to -ska or -cka: Bujnicki – Bujnicka, Ciszewski – Ciszewska.
If the husband's surname ends with a consonant, the usual suffix is -owa: Kupisz – Kupiszowa, Michalak – Michalakowa.
Common masculine nouns are inflected in the same way when used to designate a female craftsman or official: kowal – kowalowa – žena kováře, kovářka.
In these cases, a girl receives a surname created from the father’s surname with the suffix -ówna [read: -uvna]: (Pawlak – Pawlakówna, Kupisz – Kupiszówna).
If the husband's last name ends in the vowel -a the suffix used is -ina: (Zaręba – Zarębina, Kulesza – Kuleszyna).
However, women often use such surnames unchanged (Bożena Ladra, Magdalena Krupa).
A girl's surname is here formed from the father's surname with the suffix -anka or -ianka: (Zaręba – Zarębianka, Kulesza – Kuleszanka).
The same suffix is used when forming girls' surnames from male surnames ending in the consonant -b: (Gołąb – Gołębianka).
In certain Polish dialects, similar to some dialects of the Czech language, the inflectional suffix -ka is used: (Pawlak – Pawlaczka, Kupisz – Kupiszka, compare Czech Kubeš – Kubeška).
Inflection
Similarly to what happens in Czech, female surnames created from masculine surnames capable of inflection are inflected as common feminine adjectives.
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