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69742199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Christian%20Science%20movement	History of the Christian Science movement	In October 1881 there was a revolt. Eight church members resigned, signing a document complaining of Eddy's "frequent ebullitions of temper, love of money, and the appearance of hypocrisy." Only a few students remained, including Calvin Frye, who became Eddy's most loyal personal assistant. They appointed Eddy pastor of the church in November 1881, and drew up a resolution in February 1882 that she was "the chosen messenger of God to the nations." Despite the support, the resignations ended Eddy's time in Lynn. The church was struggling and her reputation had been damaged by the disputes. By now 61 years old, she decided to move to Boston, and in early 1882 rented a house at 569 Columbus Avenue, a silver plaque announcing the arrival of the Massachusetts Metaphysical College. The college's prospectus, published in 1884, offered three diplomas: Christian Scientist (C.S.) for Christian Scientists' Association members; Christian Metaphysician (C.M.) for Eddy's 12-lesson course and three years' practice; and Doctor of Christian Science (D.C.S.) for C.M.s whose "life and character conform to Divine science." In 1886, the Bachelor of Christian Science (C.S.B.) diploma was offered. Students could study metaphysics, science of the scriptures, mental healing and obstetrics, using two textbooks, Science and Health and the Bible. Between 1881 and October 1889, when Eddy closed the college, 4,000 students took the course at $300 per person or married couple, making her a rich woman. Mark Twain wrote sarcastically that she had turned a sawdust mine (possibly Quimby's) into a Klondike. Death of Asa Gilbert Eddy Eddy's husband, Asa Gilbert Eddy, died of heart disease on June 4, 1882, shortly after the move to Boston. She invited the Boston Globe to her home on the day of his death to allege that he had been killed by malicious animal magnetism, courtesy of "certain parties here in Boston, who had sworn to injure them." The Globe wrote:	2.3125
69742199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Christian%20Science%20movement	History of the Christian Science movement	The increased efficacy of medicine around World War II heralded the religion's decline. Stark charts the use of sulfonamide to kill bacteria, the availability of penicillin in the 1940s and breakthroughs in immunology. Other factors were increased career opportunities for women, and that much of the membership was elderly. In 1998 30 percent of Christian Scientists were over 65. Eddy was in her sixties by the time the movement began to spread. Stark writes that the "characteristics of the earliest members of a movement will tend to be reproduced in subsequent converts." A significant percentage of Scientists remained single (Eddy placed little emphasis on marriage and family), or became Scientists when their children were adults and unlikely to be converted. Christian Science did not have missionaries, so it relied on internal growth, but the conversion rate within families was not high. In a study cited by Stark, of 80 people raised within Christian Science just 26 (33 percent) became Scientists themselves. Religious exemptions The main criticism Christian Scientists face is that their children are denied equal protection under the law. Sick and disabled children have been told that the only thing wrong with them is "incorrect" thinking, and practitioners have told parents that the parents' thoughts can harm their children. The American Academy of Pediatrics regards failure to seek medical care for children as "child neglect, regardless of the motivation".	2.53125
69742207	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abantennarius%20rosaceus	Abantennarius rosaceus	Description Abantennarius rosaceus has the gill opening close to or on the base of the pectoral fin. It has a clear caudal peduncle and the rear edges of the dorsal and anal fins are connected to the caudal peduncle. The illiciumis clearly longer than the second dorsal spine and has an esca, or lure, which is elongate with tapering filaments and a cluster of dark, round swellings at its base. The second dorsal spine is thin and straight, tapering to a point and has small clusters of threads along its length. The second dorsal fin contains 12 or 13 soft rays while the anal fin contains 7or 8 soft rays. As in other members of this genus they have a prehensile pectoral fin with an elbow like joint. There are no scales on the body and the skin has a covering of bifurcated spinules. The typical colour is pinkish-purple with a dark spot on the upper body near the base of the dorsal fin. They also have a reticulated patternover the body. The rosy frogfish has a maximum published standard length of . Distribution Abantennarius rosaceus is known from the Red Sea, where there has been a single record. Elsewhere it has been recorded from Indonesia and the Philippines east to the Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to southern Japan and south to New Caledonia and Australia. In Australia this species is known from Lord Howe Island and the North West Shelf. The rosy frogfish is associated with reefs at depths between but is typically found at depths between . It inhabits the sponge zone at moderate depths and may be found on flat areas on the seaward side of reefs. Biology Abantennarius rosaceus is oviparous, the females laying egg masses within ribbons of gelatinous mucus, known as an "egg rafts" or "veils", the eggs remain within these until the planktonic larvae emerge. It is piscivorous, attracting prey to within striking range of the mouth with its shrimp-like esca. Utilisation Abantennarius rosaceus is infrequently taken from the wild for sale in the aquarium trade.	2.3125
69742480	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Ottolenghi	Giuseppe Ottolenghi	Giuseppe Ottolenghi (1838–1904) was an Italian general and politician . He distinguished himself during the second and third Italian Wars of Independence, and then during his repression of the brigandage, serving as commander of the 12th, 4th and First army corps. From 14 May 1902 to October 21, 1903, he was minister of war under the Zanardelli cabinet, and a senator of the Kingdom of Italy. Biography Born in a notable Jewish family originating from the German city of Ettlingen (Ottolenghi in Italian), which produced many rabbis for the Italian Jewish community, Giuseppe Ottolenghi was born in Sabbioneta, Mantua on December 26, 1838, son to a merchant, Aaron.His mother was Gentilla Ester Forti. His family (whose father was originally from Acqui) eventually moved to Piedmont to pursue his studies in Turin, enrolling at the local university. Just before the start of the Second Italian War of Independence, he volunteered to join the Royal Sardinian Army. He took two short courses at the Royal Military Academy and the Normal School of Infantry in Ivrea, at the end of which, on July 27, 1859, he obtained the rank of second-lieutenant, or sottotenente, and joined the 17th Volunteer Training Regiment "Acqui. The next year he was promoted to lieutenant and participated in the Southern Italian campaign, where, on November 12, 1860, he was wounded during the Siege of Gaeta and decorated with a Silver Medal of Military Valor.	2.1875
69742623	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza%20de%20la%20Pedreira	Plaza de la Pedreira	The Plaza de la Pedreira (Stone Quarry Square) or Plaza de Mugartegui () is a square of medieval origin located in the northern part of the old town of Pontevedra (Spain). Origin of the name The square takes its name from the work of the stonemasons who carved the stone for the town's houses at this location. History In ancient times, this area was called Vicus del Verrón. The Pedreira square has its origins in the Middle Ages. It was an esplanade on cultivated land, mainly vineyards, and was known as Eirado da Herba, as it was the place of the grass market. The current name of the square derives from its later use, which recalls the place where the stonemasons worked the stone for the city's buildings, such as the nearby College of the Society of Jesus, the Church of Saint Bartholomew or the Palace of Mugartegui, for which a large quantity of stone was accumulated in the square. This was the area of the city inhabited by the stonemasons. In 1479, Tristán de Montenegro, captain of the troops of Pontevedra in the succession to the throne of Castile, died in the pazo Mariño de Lobeira, which overlooks the square, mortally wounded by musket fire. For years, a light has remained lit in the room where he died to remind us of his glorious death. In January 1886, the square was renamed Mugartegui Square. The Municipal Corporation of Pontevedra agreed to change the name of the Plaza de la Pedreira to Plaza de Mugartegui to honour Francisco Javier Mugartegui, owner of the pazo de Mugartegui, lawyer, businessman, and politician of Pontevedra, for his interest in the prosperity of Pontevedra. On 25 April 1996, the traditional name of Plaza de la Pedreira replaced the name of Plaza de Mugartegui.	2.28125
69742630	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupenians	Lupenians	The Lupenians (, ) or Lpins were a historical tribe that lived in modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan in antiquity. The Lupenians were mentioned in several sources in different languages. They are equated with Pliny's Lupenii, dwelling south of the tribe of Silvii (Chola), just next to the Diduri and near the frontier of Caucasian Albania. They had a main settlement or city which is only known by the foreign names ('[capital] city of the Lupenians' in Armenian) and ('Loubion village' in Greek). The Ravenna Cosmography mentions their land as "Patria Lepon" situated next to Iberia and the Caspian Sea. The Tabula Peutingeriana also mentions the Lupenii. Vladimir Minorsky proposed later Arabic versions as well. They were probably related to the Caucasian Albanians and have been suggested as one of the 26 constitutive groups of the Caucasian Albanian kingdom. Location Scholars Suren Yeremian and Tengiz Papuashvili proposed Iberia, especially the coast of the Alazan river, as a possible dwelling location of the Lupenians. However, Robert Hewsen opposed the idea and suggested their location as near modern Shamakhi, Azerbaijan, instead. The Lupenians were visited by Bishop Israel, Albanian emissary to the North Caucasian Huns. The History of the Country of Albania mentions them as people professing the Christian faith. Likewise, at least two catholicoi of the Caucasian Albanian Church—Ter Abas and Viro—were titled Catholicos of Albania, Lupenia and Chola, hinting at the faith of three neighboring regions. Russian historian Igor Semenov put their location near Layzan. Most recently, Murtazali Gadjiev proposed the Shakki region (Georgian Hereti) as the location of the Lupenians. Society The tribe was headed by a chief, whose title is indirectly mentioned by Ibn Khordadbeh as Lbinshāh. This was a title used by the Sasanian king Khosrow I to honor the ruler of the Lupenians.	2.234375
69742750	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba%20%28soft%20drink%29	Simba (soft drink)	Simba was a sugar-sweetened, lemon-flavored citrus "thirst-quenching" soft drink created by The Coca-Cola Company. The drink was named "Simba" (meaning "lion") in the Bantu language Swahili. The soft drink was heavily researched, test marketed in 1968, introduced nationally in 1969 but ultimately withdrawn in 1972 after sales did not reach expectations. Trademarks According to the United States Patent Office, "Simba" was trademarked by The Coca-Cola Company on January 23, 1968, as a trade name for "soft drink syrup and beverage made therefrom". The trademark was not renewed and expired on May 16, 2009. "Thirst quenching" flavor profile After more than a year of market research, the Coca-Cola Company determined there was a void in the kinds of soft drink beverages then available – the category did not have a formula that was "a pure thirst quencher". Simba was described by W. R. Windmiller, then president of the Pacific Coca-Cola Bottling Company as a "tart, lemon-flavored sugar based drink... not similar to any other soft drinks now on the market". He said Simba had been developed by "a special team of the Coca-Cola Company's flavor scientists". Derived from Mountain Dew research In 1979, Bob Kimball, Coca-Cola USA's marketing manager of new product development discussed how the formula for Simba stemmed from Coca-Cola's competitive market research of PepsiCo's Mountain Dew. The company developed three formulas that closely replicated Mountain Dew. One of the duplicative formulas was code-named "Jericho" by the company and, according to Kimball, was "the base for Simba, a drink Coca-Cola had marketed in the late 60s for a couple of years". Test marketing Coca-Cola began limited test marketing of Simba in the Seattle-Tacoma, Washington, Louisville, Kentucky as well as the greater New York City markets in 1968 after more than a year of market research. Limited "national" introduction In February 1969, Chicago newspapers reported that "a new soft drink called Simba from Coca-Cola" was on the way.	2.234375
69743601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Huachaca	Antonio Huachaca	Antonio Huachaca was a Peruvian indigenous peasant and loyalist of the Spanish Empire who fought for Spain during the Viceregal era, and then for the Royalist cause during and after the Peruvian War of Independence, reaching the rank of brigadier general of the Royal Army of Peru. He later took part in establishing the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, eventually holding the title of "Justice of the Peace and Governor of Carhuaucran District" until the Confederation's dissolution in 1839. After the defeat of Iquicha, Huachaca changed his name to José Antonio Navala Huachaca, with José having been chosen in reference to the name of Antonio José de Sucre and his surname Navala referring to the Peruvian Navy. Finally, after the defeat of his armies, he continued his guerrilla warfare until 1839. Early life Huachaca was born to an indigenous family on an unknown date in San José de Santillana, known also as San José de Iquicha, at the end of the 18th century. He had at least two brothers: Prudencio and Pedro, who fought with him in his first rebellion. Prudencio died in 1827, and Pedro in 1828. It is possible that while he was still a child, Túpac Amaru II was executed in 1781. He grew up as an illiterate muleteer and no estate, being part of the peasants of the community. His carriage routes, commercial networks, and extensive kinship relationships allowed him to associate with landless farmers living in the jungle, villagers, and locals in Huanta.	2.515625
69743624	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20K.%20Christenberry	Robert K. Christenberry	From 1941 to 1956, Christenberry served as president of the Broadway Association. During World War II he served as head of the Greater New York Civilian Defense Volunteer Office's War Identification Bureau, was a hotel industry adviser to the Office of Price Administration, and led Manhattan's air raid warden organization. Christenberry was also as a director of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Webb and Knapp, and the Hotel Association of New York City, a member of the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America, and a trustee of the St. James School. New York State Athletic Commission In 1951, Governor Thomas E. Dewey appointed Christenberry chairman of the New York State Athletic Commission. Dewey tasked Christenberry and his fellow commissioners with cleaning up the sport of boxing. Christenberry overturned Carmen Basilio's May 29, 1952, victory over Charles Pierce Davey after finding discrepancies on the referee's scorecard. Following a December 19, 1952 Joey Giardello-Billy Graham at Madison Square Garden, Christenberry changed judge Joe Agnello's card from 6-4 Giardello to 5–5 with Graham ahead on points, 6–5, giving Graham the victory. This decision led to legal action which concluded on February 17, 1953, when Judge Bernard Botein upheld Christenberry's decision. In 1955, Dewey's successor W. Averell Harriman replaced Christenberry as chairman, but Christenberry remained on the commission until March 12, 1956.	2.15625
69743658	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzz%3A%20When%20Nature%20Breaks%20the%20Law	Fuzz: When Nature Breaks the Law	Fuzz: When Nature Breaks the Law is a 2021 nonfiction book by Mary Roach. Published by W. W. Norton & Company, it details the "curious science of human-wildlife conflict." In the book, Roach details many ways humans have tried, often unsuccessfully, to handle animals that might harm humans or damage crops and livestock. The work mostly follows her first-hand accounts of wildlife researchers on the job. For example, Roach follows Colorado Parks and Wildlife when they get called in after bears break into restaurant dumpsters late at night (a hyperphagic black bear, Roach notes, can consume double or triple its usual amount of calories), she tags along as the Wildlife Institute of India holds meetings to warn residents about migrating elephants (for an elephant that smells something delicious, small things like doors and walls don't get in their way), and she visits Vatican City to witness lasers set up to guard Easter flowers, after a famous 2017 debacle where gulls destroyed the arrangements. Interspersed throughout the book is a history of previous efforts to handle species considered pests, often with poison or explosives. For example, she notes that between 1934 and 1945, an estimated 3.8 million crows were killed in Oklahoma. This was approximately 1-2 percent of the crow flock and didn't have a noticeable effect on farmer losses. "Such is the inside-out history of conservation in America," Roach wrote. "It wasn't until the 1980s that the word come to mean what it means now. Wildlife and wilderness weren't conserved for their intrinsic value. They were conserved for hunting and fishing."	2.46875
69743735	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohatchi%20High%20School	Tohatchi High School	Tohatchi High School is a public high school in Tohatchi, New Mexico. It is a part of Gallup-McKinley County Schools. Communities in its attendance boundary include Tohatchi, Brimhall Nizohini, Nakaibito, and Twin Lakes. History The original building had a capacity of 250. By 1975, the enrollment was at 750, and the school district was forming plans to build a new school; the district planned to spend $6,696,000, with a grant paid with federal funds covering just under $6,700,000 of that. September 1977 was the earliest anticipated opening date. The district was using weather data supplied by a Tohatchi High student, using a small weather station, as part of the district's plans. The federal grant funding arrived in 1977. Osmond Charles "Chick" Fero, in fall 1983 became the principal of Tohatchi High. There were three other people considered for the position. In 1985 he resigned after he was accused of murdering superintendent Paul Hanson, and Carl Montoya took his position. Fero was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. Curriculum The school began a woodworking program in 1972. In the 1976–1977 school year the school started a class on making rugs in the Navajo style, which was part of a program to add elements of Navajo culture to the coursework. It was the only such class in the school district.	2.4375
69743930	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone%20Cody	Cyclone Cody	Fiji As the precursor system began to form near Fiji, the FMS issued a heavy rain alert for Vanua Levu, Taveuni and nearby islands, and the Lau and Lomaiviti group of islands on 4 January. By the next day, the alert was expanded to include all of Fiji, before a heavy rain warning was issued to the same initial areas early on 6 January. As it became a tropical disturbance on 8 January, the FMS issued a severe flood alert for low-lying areas near major rivers in Viti Levu. By the afternoon, a flood warning was issued for the towns of Rakiraki, Tavua and Ba, alongside flash flood warnings in most of Fiji, and tropical cyclone alerts for Yasawa and Mamanuca group of islands, northern and western Viti Levu, Kadavu, and western and northwestern Vanua Levu. One person was killed as a result of the cyclone, with over 4,500 people evacuated in Fiji. Infrastructural damage of Cody amounted at be FJ$27.5 million (US$12.9 million). Elsewhere The tsunami that was caused by the eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai on January 15 was amplified in New Zealand as a result of the storm surge created by Cyclone Cody. Retirement Due to its onslaught, the name Cody was officially retired from the naming list after the 2021-22 season despite its first usage. It was replaced by Carol.	2.203125
69744206	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowlerichthys%20avalonis	Fowlerichthys avalonis	Description Fowlerichthys avalonis has a rather globular body which has some lateral compression with a large upwardly pointing mouth with many small bristle-like teeth. The illicium is roughly equal in length to the second dorsal spine, with an esca, or lure, that is around 40% of the length of the illicium and is an oval bunch of short, vertical appendages. The second dosral spine is joined to the head by a membrane while the third dorsal spine is unconnected and moveable. The eyes are located on the side of the head and the small gill openings are located to the rear and below the base of the pectoral fin. There is a caudal peduncle but the rear of the dorsal and anal fins are not connected to the caudal fin. The pectoral fins are limb like and have a joint resembling an elbow and have a wide connection to the body. The skin on the body has a dense covering of bifurcated spicules. The color varies and may yellow, orange, red, brown or black with distinct light and dark mottles, There are large black ocelli with thin orange margins on the base of the rear of the dorsal fin. The dorsal fin has between 12 and 14 soft rays while the anal fin has 8 or 9 soft rays. This species has a maximum published total length of . Distribution and habitat Fowlerichthys avalonis is the most widely distributed frogfish in the eastern Pacific Ocean and is distributed from California in the north to northern Chile in the south. The roughbar frogfish is found at depths between , although they are typically found between . They are associated with rocky areas, even within the intertidal zone, as well as areas of sand and mud substrates.	2.453125
69744384	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather%20of%202016	Weather of 2016	The first northern hemisphere tropical cyclone was Hurricane Pali, a rare off-season hurricane which formed on January 7 southwest of Hawaii. There were an additional 22 tropical cyclones in the north-east Pacific Ocean during the year, including Hurricane Otto, which crossed from the Caribbean Sea in November, killing 23 people in Central America. Otto was the last of 16 tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean. The first, Alex, was a rare January hurricane which hit the Azores. The strongest Atlantic hurricane of the year was Matthew, which attained 1 minute sustained winds of 165 mph (270 km/h) in the Caribbean. Matthew killed 603 people and left at least US$15 billion in damage after its path through Haiti, Cuba, The Bahamas, and offshore the southeastern United States. In August, Hurricane Earl killed 81 people in southeast Mexico after it struck Belize. In the north Indian Ocean, there were ten tropical cyclones. Among these were Cyclone Roanu in May, which killed 135 people in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, causing over US$2 billion in damage. In contrast to the unusually early start to activity in the north-east Pacific and the Atlantic, the first tropical cyclone in the north-west Pacific did not develop until May 25, when a tropical depression formed. It was the first of 51 tropical cyclones during the year. The strongest of the year was Typhoon Meranti, which reached 10 minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph) while moving through the Batanes in the Philippines. Meranti later struck China, and along its path it killed 47 people, with US$4.79 billion in damage. In July, Typhoon Nepartak killed 111 people and left US$1.89 billion in damage when it struck Taiwan and southeastern China. In August, Typhoon Lionrock became the first storm on record to strike the Tōhoku region of Japan, with 22 deaths in the country and 525 deaths from flooding in North Korea.	2.9375
69744508	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Yunes	Nicolas Yunes	Yunes worked on the European Space Agency Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). He is particularly interested in how effectively LISA can test general relativity with gravitational waves emitted by compact binaries. One such system is extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), in which a small black hole orbits around a much heavier one, and gradually spirals in due to the emission of gravitational waves. These investigations can test whether Einstein was correct about the behaviour of gravity in extreme environments. In 2020, Yunes and Clifford M. Will wrote a popular science book about gravitational waves and testing Einstein's theories of gravity. In 2022, Yunes and M. Coleman Miller wrote a physics textbook on gravitational waves with applications to nuclear physics, cosmology, astrophysics, and tests of general relativity. Awards and honors 2008 Pennsylvania State University Alumni Dissertation Award 2009 International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation The Jürgen Ehlers Thesis Prize 2010 NASA Einstein Fellowship 2013 Montana State University College of Letters and Science Fellow in Engagement 2013 National Science Foundation CAREER Award 2015 General Relativity and Gravitation Young Scientist Prize 2017 Fox Faculty Award for Outstanding Research 2022 Fellow of the American Physical Society Selected publications Personal life Yunes was married in 2008 and has one daughter, born in 2014 . Yunes is the son of Zoila Lorenzo and Dr. Roberto A. Yunes, the former director of the Hospital Tobar García.	2.3125
69744581	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDG%28X%29	DDG(X)	Hull Various hull configurations are currently being tested at Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Carderock and NSWC Philadelphia. A concept presented at the 2022 Surface Warfare Symposium depicts an angular hull form with displacement of , a conventional bow and a superstructure reminiscent of the Zumwalt-class destroyer. Future vessels of the class may be lengthened with a payload module for additional capabilities. The DDG(X) hull design will incorporate lessons and elements from both the Arleigh Burke and Zumwalt designs. The vessels will be able to accommodate larger missile launch systems, improved survivability, and space, weight, power, and cooling margins for future growth. As the ships will replace the Ticonderoga-class cruisers, they will have air defense command and control facilities and accommodations for an admiral's staff. Propulsion The DDG(X) will use Integrated Power System (IPS), a modern integrated turboelectric drive as employed on the Zumwalt class. The vessels are expected to have 50% greater range, a 120% greater time on station, and a 25% reduction in fuel burn compared to current U.S. Navy destroyers. Sensors The sensors will initially be enlarged variants of the AN/SPY-6 radar mounted on the Flight III Arleigh Burke-class destroyers. The hull is designed with provisions for upgraded sensors in the future, including larger radar arrays.	2.09375
69744796	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo%20Duro%20basin	Palo Duro basin	The Palo Duro basin is a geologic province and structural basin in Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, US. Geology The Palo Duro basin is centered in the southern Texas Panhandle. It is bounded on the north by the Amarillo Uplift and other structures that separate it from the Anadarko Basin. To the south, it is bounded by the Matador Arch. Its east and west margins are defined by broad structural divides. The basin was formed by subsidence during the Pennsylvanian and Permian Periods, from about 323 to 252 million years ago. This was associated with the Ancestral Rocky Mountains orogeny (mountain-building episode). Additional subsidence took place during the Permian and Triassic. Some of the structures defining the Palo Duro basin are much older and were reactivated during its formation. The basin accumulated evaporite beds during the Permian, and later dissolution of these beds deformed overlying strata. The basin has been evaluated for its hydrocarbon potential and for its possible use to store high-level nuclear waste.	2.546875
69744890	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%20Ma%27n	Ahmad Ma'n	Succession of the Shihabs Ahmad was the last Ma'nid emir and his death marked the end of nearly two hundred years of Ma'nid dominance of the Druze Mountain. In the immediate aftermath, the sheikhs of the Qaysi families of the Druze Mountain and probably the Maronite sheikhs in the Kisrawan convened and chose Bashir Shihab, the son of Husayn Shihab and Ahmad's Ma'nid aunt, as their paramount leader and the holder of Ahmad's iltizam. While the granting of iltizam was an Ottoman government prerogative, the authorities in Constantinople and Sidon evidently accepted the local initiative. There is no indication in the official records that Bashir's control of the iltizam was sanctioned until 1706, after his death. The government, having contended with nearly two centuries of frequent Druze rebellions and over two decades of a disastrous war effort in Hungary, was probably unable to effectively tend to such matters in Mount Lebanon. There are multiple reasons Bashir Shihab was chosen, the main one being his kinship with Ahmad and the Ma'ns. The Druze may have also sought to choose a Sunni Muslim as their representative to elicit favor from the Sunni Ottomans. The Druze sheikhs' internal rivalries may have prevented the selection of one of their own and Bashir was thus considered as a suitable and neutral outsider. Further, such an outsider would naturally be dependent on the sheikhs' favor to rule	2.21875
69744891	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Jameson	Harold Jameson	Harold Gordon Jameson (25 January 1918 — 26 August 1940) was an Irish first-class cricketer and Royal Marines officer. The oldest son of the Reverend William Jameson and his wife Georgina Marjorie Gibbon, H G Jameson was born at Dundrum in January 1918. He was educated in England at Monkton Combe School, where his father was head of the junior school. From there he matriculated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he made two first-class cricket appearances for Cambridge University Cricket Club in 1938, against the touring Australians and against Essex, with both matches played at Fenner's. He took two wickets against Essex, dismissing Alan Lavers and Tom Wade. The Second World War began in the same year that Jameson graduated from Cambridge and he was commissioned into the Royal Marines as a temporary second lieutenant in June 1940. He was billeted at Fort Cumberland in Portsmouth and was one of eight marines killed during a German air raid on the fort on 26 August 1940, when a bomb struck a perimeter room in which they were gathered. Jameson was buried at the Royal Naval Cemetery, Haslar. His headstone reads: I will give him the morning star (Revelations 2.28).	2.03125
69744972	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toi-te-huatahi	Toi-te-huatahi	Toi-te-huatahi, also known as Toi and Toi-kai-rākau, is a legendary Māori tupuna (ancestor) of many Māori iwi (tribes) from the Bay of Plenty area, including Ngāti Awa, Ngāi Te Rangi and Ngāi Tūhoe. The Bay of Plenty's name in te reo Māori, Te Moana-a-Toi, references Toi-te-huatahi. Names His name Toi-te-huatahi is a reference to Toi being an only child. Toi-kai-rākau ("Toi the Wood Eater"), was a name given to him by later settlers in the region who introduced agriculture, and is a reference to how Toi would eat the foods of the forest. Traditions Toi-te-huatahi's legendary ancestor in Māori mythology was the tīwakawaka (New Zealand fantail). Based on the traditional genealogies of Ngāti Awa, Ngāi Te Rangi and Ngāi Tūhoe, Toi-te-huatahi is estimated to have lived between the 13th and 14th centuries. According to different traditions, Toi was either born in Hawaiki and came to Aotearoa by a migratory canoe (waka hourua), or was one of the first people to be born in Aotearoa. Toi's people are said to have inhabited the Bay of Plenty region before the arrival of the Arawa, Tainui and Mātaatua migratory waka. One of the most well-known stories of Toi involves Uenuku. Chief Uenuku of Rangiātea becomes annoyed with a dog and kills it, after which Toi-te-huatahi consumes the dog. The ancestor Tamatekapua and his brother Whakatūria, sons of Houmai, search for the dog, and hear it barking inside Toi's belly. In revenge, they created stilts for Tama (the taller of the brothers) and stole the fruit from Uenuku's poroporo tree. Uenuku declares war, and with his friend Toi he attacks the village of Houmai, but the forces of Uenuku were ultimately defeated.	2.421875
69745119	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisocheton%20pohlianus	Chisocheton pohlianus	Chisocheton pohlianus is a species of flowering plant belonging to the mahogany family (Meliaceae). Distribution It is a small, lower story, leptocaul rainforest tree from New Guinea. Description It is not more than in height and thick. Like all Chisocheton species it has indeterminate, pinnate leaves in this case up to in length and having as many as 28 pairs of leaflets at any given time. Each time the tiny circinate bud at the tip of the leaf forms a new pair of leaflets, the leaf simultaneously produces, further back, a small inflorescence, but not at the same spot as where a pair of leaflets are attached, but halfway between two pairs of leaflets. The jury is still out as to whether these are inflorescences fused to a leaf (as in Tilia spp and Phyllobotryon spp) or whether the leaves have assumed reproductive function (as in certain Streptocarpus spp). The difficulty is in reconciling an indeterminate leaf with determinate inflorescences. The flowers are tubular, about in length with 3 to ten petals, crème de menthe in color and said to have the fragrance of Cymbopogon.	2.3125
69745620	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesta%20Dagoberti	Gesta Dagoberti	The Gesta Dagoberti ('Deeds of Dagobert'), fully Gesta domni Dagoberti regis Francorum ('Deeds of Lord Dagobert, King of the Franks'), is an anonymous Latin biography of Dagobert I, king of the Franks (623–639). It combines deeds from the life of Dagobert with numerous accounts of miracles to present Dagobert as a saint and the founder of the Abbey of Saint-Denis. It was written in the early 9th century. As a historical source, it is "extremely unreliable", but not totally useless. Date, authorship and manuscripts The Gesta was written between 800 and 835 at Saint-Denis under the direction of Abbot Hilduin. The dating may be narrowed down to between 830 and 835, or even 834–835. That it was in existence by 835 is certain, since the Emperor Louis the Pious refers to it in a letter that year to Hilduin, who had probably given him a copy. Although anonymous, it has been tentatively assigned to Hincmar, then a monk at Saint-Denis, on the basis of similarities in language between the Gesta and two of Hincmar's known works, the Miracula sancti Dionysii and the Vitae Remigii. Laurent Morelle suggests that Hincmar was part of a team who composed the Gesta under Hilduin's direction.	1.953125
69745620	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesta%20Dagoberti	Gesta Dagoberti	The oldest extant manuscript of the Gesta dates to the 9th century and once belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Bertin. Today it is Saint-Omer, Bibliothèque municipale, MS 342. Other known copies include: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, MS lat. 5569 (10th century) London, British Library, MS Add. 21109 (12th century) Saint-Omer, Bibliothèque municipale, MS 715 (12th century) Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS Reg. lat. 571 IV (12th century) Saint-Omer, Bibliothèque municipale, MS 716 (13th century) Brussels, Royal Library of Belgium, MS 7460 (13th century) Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, MS lat. 11756 (13th century) Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, MS lat. 5925 (13th century) Jena, Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, El. 2° 65 (14th century) Dresden, Sächsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, MS F 60 (14th century) Sources and contents The Gesta is the earliest surviving work devoted exclusively to Dagobert I. Written in Latin, it combines deeds from the life of Dagobert with numerous accounts of miracles to present Dagobert as a saint and the founder of Saint-Denis. Its sources include the Chronicle of Fredegar, Gregory of Tours's Historia Francorum, the Liber historiae Francorum and various saint's lives and passion narratives, including a Life of Arnulf of Metz. The author also had access to the archives of Saint-Denis, which included some charters issued by Dagobert.	1.960938
69745998	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling%20in%20Canberra	Cycling in Canberra	Cycling in Canberra, the capital city of Australia, is a popular means of transportation, sporting and recreational pass time. Commuting in the city is supported by an extensive network of urban cycleways and on-street bicycle lanes. As a city established in the 20th century, Canberra's development was heavily influenced by the automobile for much of its history. The popularity of cycling in the city has increased dramatically in the 21st century with growing awareness of environmental issues, government policy supporting active transport and investment in cycling infrastructure. This has led to the development of a strong cycling culture. A relatively small city, Canberra has some of the highest rates of active transport in the country. Australian Bicycle Council research released in 2014 showed that more people in Canberra cycled than in any other Australian city or state, against a slight decline in the national participation rate, with 47% of residents reporting they had cycled at least once during the year. In 2019, Austroads data suggested as many as 93,700 residents cycled in a typical week, with 183,300 riding at least once per year. 57% of Canberra households owned at least one bicycle. Amongst regular cyclists, the main reasons for cycling were commuting to work or travelling for study, while those who rode less frequently were more likely to do so for recreation. The number of male cyclists in the city is significantly higher than females, although the participation rates for both are still higher than the national average.	2.625
69746055	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precociality%20and%20altriciality	Precociality and altriciality	Another example is the blue wildebeest, the calves of which can stand within an average of six minutes from birth and walk within thirty minutes; they can outrun a hyena within a day. Such behavior gives them an advantage over other herbivore species and they are 100 times more abundant in the Serengeti ecosystem than hartebeests, their closest taxonomic relative. Hartebeest calves are not as precocial as wildebeest calves and take up to thirty minutes or more before they stand, and as long as forty-five minutes before they can follow their mothers for short distances. They are unable to keep up with their mothers until they are more than a week old. Black mambas are highly precocial; as hatchlings, they are fully independent, and are capable of hunting prey the size of a small rat. Phylogeny Precociality is thought to be ancestral in birds. Thus, altricial birds tend to be found in the most derived groups. There is some evidence for precociality in protobirds and troodontids. Enantiornithes at least were superprecocial in a way similar to that of megapodes, being able to fly soon after birth. It has been speculated that superprecociality prevented enantiornithines from acquiring specialized toe anatomy seen in modern altricial birds. Altriciality	2.96875
69746871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerta%20de%20los%20Leones	Puerta de los Leones	The (Spanish: Lions Gateway) is the main entrance to the first section of the Chapultepec Park, in Mexico City. It is found near Paseo de la Reforma and it connects with Calzada Juventud Heroica. It was created by Antonio Muñoz García. Description The gateway serves the first section of Chapultepec Park, a public park in Mexico City. Immediately, it connects with the Lions Garden, a green area that was originally part of the San Miguel Chapultepec town, and whose main parish was set there. Calzada Juventud Heroica starts at the gateway. It is connected to the 1975 Bridge of the Lions (which crosses Circuito Interior) and reaches the Altar a la Patria. It was named after the two lion bronze sculptures that lie on granite Art Deco plinths; the mineral came from Germany, Canada and Zacatecas. The plinths serve as if they were entrance guardhouses. Visitors access through an iron gate with a relief of an eagle with its wings outstretched that is located on the ground floor. The gate is made of cast iron and was created by the smelter N. Norris and it was modeled by the sculptor J. Tovar. History The lion sculptures were created for the Legislative Federal Palace by Émile Bénard in 1898. The palace was never finished due to the spark of the Mexican Revolution and its remnants became the Monument to the Revolution. The gateway was opened on 17 September 1921.	2.421875
69747518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melibe%20colemani	Melibe colemani	Melibe colemani externally resembles the related Melibe bucephala and Melibe engeli. Its cerata bear elongate apical papillae akin to the other nudibranchs, with laterally flattened cerata, as opposed to the cylindrical cerata of M. bucephala and M. engeli. The rhinoporal sheath of M. colemani is cylindrical, with a single papilla on its apex. As opposed to the sail shaped rhinoporal sheaths with numerous papillae on the related species. The body of Melibe colemani is translucent, with its internal organs visible to the naked eye. The digestive glands of the sea slug are visible as a network of whitish brown tubules. The network of digestive glands has been compared to a "pile of strings", or a "string of snot in the water". The tubes act as camouflage, as the sea slug blends in with its surroundings to resemble a piece of debris on the sea floor, or to resemble sponges, algae, or hydroids on the sea floor. The tube network extends onto the sea slug's back into organs known as cerata. At initial glance, the front and the back of the sea slug are indistinguishable, with the anterior end noticeable through the net-shaped mouth. The body length is approximately . The net-like oral hood of the nudibranch serves as its mouth, and it swallows prey whole, like other members of the family Tethydidae. The nudibranch is thought to feed on corals of the genus Xenia, and has been spotted interacting with flatworms of the genus Waminoa. Dissection of its stomach contents revealed a diet of shelled caenogastropods. Due to its strange appearance, the nudibranch has been dubbed the "holy grail of nudibranchs" by underwater photographers. Distribution Melibe colemani is native to the saltwater seas of Southeast Asia, throughout the Coral Triangle region. First sighted on the island of Mabul in Malaysia, additional sightings were noted by the islands of Komodo and Lembeh in Indonesia, as well as Romblon in the Philippines. Romblon in particular has been noted as a site where the nudibranch is particularly abundant.	2.421875
69748531	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia%20narodu%20polskiego	Historia narodu polskiego	Development In his "Memorial regarding the writing of a national history" (Memoriał względem pisania historii narodowej) penned in 1775, Naruszewicz outlined the project, stressing the novel importance of relying on archival materials, as well as on the need to collect and organize them. For several years, Naruszewicz would devote much of his time to the project. While he had a number of assistants, including the King himself, Naruszewicz was the sole author, having given himself the goal of writing at least 500 words a day and dedicating much of his daily routine (from 8:30 a.m to 3:00 p.m) to this project. Initially he worked in the village of Powieć, later moving back to Warsaw upon the King's request. Naruszewicz spent over two years gathering materials, and begun primary writing around 1777, finishing the draft of the first seven volumes by 1779. By that time, however, Naruszewicz would come to find the work onerous. He would complain of the lack of materials for the latter periods, but also, would become increasingly involved in the politics of the Commonwealth, including the works of the Great Sejm that begun later that decade. The series, therefore, remained unfinished, as Naruszewicz only covered period up to the end of the Piast dynasty in 1386, with Volume I covering the prehistoric era and volumes II-VII, the Piast era. He would nonetheless continue compiling and organizing historical documents until his death, and his archive became known as known as (Naruszewicz's Folders). Although unpublished during his life, they later became a valuable archive to future historians, containing well organized documents, including copies of now-lost texts. The volumes begun to be published annually from 1780 onward, in an edition of 1,500 copies; however, publication of the Volume I was significantly delayed and it was published only in 1824.	2.3125
69748752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentor%20%281778%20ship%29	Mentor (1778 ship)	Mentor was launched in 1778 at Chester as a West Indiaman. She captured three vessels, including a valuable East Indiaman belonging to the French East India Company. She had an inconclusive single ship action with a French warship in 1779. She was wrecked in 1782. Career Mentor first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in the volume for 1778. The British Admiralty gave notice in April 1777, that they were ready to issue letters of marque for privateers against the Americans. In March 1778, Great Britain broke off relations with France. War between Britain and France had broken out in April 1778. Captain John Dawson acquired a letter of marque on 1 September 1778. Capture of The Carnatic Along with owner Peter Baker and ship's carpenter John Baxter, Dawson sailed Mentor south in a privateering cruise to attempt to intercept French vessels coming from the Indian Ocean that were not aware of the outbreak of hostilities. On 28 October 1778 Mentor encountered the French East Indiaman , which was sailing from India to France. Dawson was initially hesitant to pursue the Carnatic, which on first impression vastly outgunned Mentor 74 to 28. Continuing to surveil, however, Dawson suspected that many gun ports were simply painted on. Passing his telescope to Baxter, after some scrutiny, Baxter confirmed the suspicion per his own judgement, and that many of the guns were wooden dummies meant to camouflage Carnatic. The crew of Mentor captured Carnatic with almost no resistance, to the surprise of the crew on Mentor. When Carnatic came into Liverpool, she was said to be carrying a box of diamonds and pearls worth £135,000 and a total value worth £400,000 to £500,000 after additional bullion and jewels. This made Carnatic the richest prize ever taken and brought safe into port by a Liverpool privateer. Baker, Mentors owner, retained ownership of Carnatic afterward. Prize money was paid on 1 November 1779. Later missions and end	2.71875
69749176	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poggiolo%20%28stream%29	Poggiolo (stream)	The Poggiolo (, ) is a small coastal stream in the department of Haute-Corse, Corsica, France. It enters the Tyrrhenian Sea from the east of the Cap Corse peninsula. Course The Poggiolo is long and flows through the communes of San-Martino-di-Lota and Santa-Maria-di-Lota. The stream rises in the Serra di Guagalone. Its source is to the east of the U Cimone. It flows south and then east past the village of Santa-Maria-di-Lota to enter the sea in the village of Miomo. Its mouth is south of the Miomo pebble beach. For thirteen centuries the coasts of Corsica were at risk of being raided. The Genoese built a tower, the Torra di Miomu, near the mouth of the Poggiolu to guard its valley. Environment The stream flows through a hilly schist landscape covered in thick maquis shrubland, with groves of green oaks (Quercus ilex). Along its banks there are ash trees, alders, hornbeams, hops and chestnut trees. The stream is populated with brown trout (Salmo trutta). The stream is in the Chenaies vertes du Cap Corse (Cap Corse green oaks) Zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF). Tributaries The following streams (ruisseaux) are tributaries of the Poggiolo: Mandriale: Cavalligna:	2.34375
69749230	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed%20buildings%20in%20Wentworth%2C%20South%20Yorkshire	Listed buildings in Wentworth, South Yorkshire	Wentworth is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. The parish contains 82 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, three are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, eight are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish includes the village of Wentworth and the surrounding area. The most important building in the parish is Wentworth Woodhouse, a large country house, which is described as "one of England's greatest and most remarkable houses", and is "celebrated for being the longest front of any English country house". The house is listed together with associated structures and items in its grounds. Most of the other listed buildings are houses, cottages, and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings. The other listed buildings include churches and items in churchyards, a public house, a former school with attached almshouses, a folly, a mausoleum and a memorial tower, two windmills converted into houses, bridges, a weir and a causeway, a milestone and a milepost, workshops and a forge, a junior school, a former mechanics' institute, a war memorial, and a telephone kiosk. Key Buildings	1.921875
69749341	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathilda%20Hamilton	Mathilda Hamilton	Mathilda Strömberg Hamilton born Mathilda Christina Strömberg (1864–1935) was a pioneering Swedish female missionary and entrepreneur. Together with her husband, a Swedish cleric whom she met in the United States, she travelled extensively, especially to India. On their return to Sweden, in 1901 Mathilda Hamilton opened a shop where she sold Indian crafts to support the missionary work. After a few years, her business was so profitable that she became a millionaire. She bought goods in many other countries to enhance her sales in Sweden, using the takings to run vocational schools in India. Her Indiska Utställningen (Indian Exhibition) shop in central Stockholm was behind today's numerous Indiska shops in Scandinavia. Biography Born in Finspång, Östergötland, on 19 August 1864, Mathilda Christina Stömberg was the daughter of Gustaf Strömberg (1832–1898), a master mason, and his wife Johanna Sofia née Lindholm (1843–1926). An only child, she was brought up in a well-to-do working-class home where she was privately tutored. Despite the existing difficulties for women to earn their own living, in 1888 aged 24 she travelled alone to the United States determined to become a missionary. While a student at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, she interrupted her studies to go on a lecture tour where she spoke on sobriety and mission work. At one of her lectures, she met the Swedish pastor, Gustaf Adolf Nilsson (1865–1933). They married and changed their surname to Hamilton. They joined the Scandinavian Alliance Mission (SAM) founded by Fredrik Franson. Under his leadership, they travelled to Harsil, a small town in the north of India where they hoped to establish a mission. As a result of the difficulties they experienced there and only sporadic support from SAM, Mathilda Hamilton decided to return to Sweden. But impressed with the fine Indian handicrafts she had discovered, she decided to arrange for them to be sold in Sweden.	2.140625
69750284	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoceratina	Pseudoceratina	The natural products of their symbiotic bacteria can also be utilized for human purposes. Three different species in particular have been studied for their chemical production: Pseudoceratina arabica, Pseudoceratina clavata, and Pseudoceratina purpurpea. Pseudoceratina clavata is the first reported marine invertebrate to contain the genus Salinispora which had previously only been found in marine sediments. The ten strains of bacteria isolated from this species of sponge may control the structure of the sponge's microbial community through antagonistic activity inhibiting the growth of non-Salinospora bacteria. These strains may be useful in biopharmaceutical screenings. The natural products of Pseudoceratina have been used for enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial, parasympatholytic, cytotoxic, and antifouling bioactivites. Five new brominated alkaloids were isolated from the species Pseudoceratina arabica, found in the Red Sea, and were found to be effective in inhibiting the migration of metastatic breast cancer cells in vitro.	2.359375
69750500	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinophryne%20crassispina	Echinophryne crassispina	Description Echinophryne crassispina has a short and deep body with a dense covering of bifurcate spinules. Its eyes are encircled by closely set spinules too. The caudal peduncle is short and the illicium, the "fishing rod", lacks an obvious lure, or esca. There are 2 further dorsal spines and a soft dorsal fin that is supported by 15 or 16 soft rays while the anal fin contains between 8 and 10 soft rays. The dorsal and anal fins are not connected to the caudal fin. The colour of the body varies, it is normally cream, yellow, orange or even slaty grey, marked with dark brown latticing and marbling. There is a white crustaceous marking on the head and the anal and caudal fins each have a clear dark brown band along the middle and another at the fin margin. The prickly anglerfish has a maximum published total length of > Distribution and habitat Echinophryne crassispina is endemic to the temperate waters of southern Australia being found as far north as Jervis Bay in New South Wales, south to northern Tasmania east to the southwestern coast of the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. The prickly anglerfish is found at depths between living on rocky reefs, often hiding beneath rocks, under ledges and around jetties. Biology Echinophryne crassispina feeds mainly on small decapod crustaceans. The prickly anglerfish breeds during the early summer when females lay around 150 eggs onto a rocky substrate, the eggs being adhered to the rock, and to each other, by filaments. The males then guard the eggs until they hatch, creating a "pocket" between the body and the tail. Utilisation and conservation Echinophryne crassispina is collected for the aquarium trade and under the Tasmanian Living Marine Resources Management Act 1995, Fisheries (Scalefish) Rules 2004 - Regulation 100, a person holding a personal fishing licence is limited to having 3 specimens of this species while in Tasmanian waters. Thisspecies has not been evaluated for the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red Data Book.	2.640625
69750653	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinophryne%20mitchellii	Echinophryne mitchellii	Echinophryne mitchellii, the long-spined frogfish, bristly frogfish, Mitchell's anglerfish, Mitchell's frogfish, prickly angler fish or spinycoat anglerfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are endemic to the temperate waters of southern Australia. Taxonomy Echinophryne mitchellii was first formally described as Antennarius mitchellii in 1897 by the American-born Australian naturalist Alexander Morton with its type locality given as Lisdillon in eastern Tasmania. Although the description was published under Morton's name it is possible it was actually written by James Douglas Ogilby. Some authorities classify Echinophryne in the subfamily Histiophryninae within the family Antennariidae., while others recognise it as the family Histiophrynidae. However, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Antennariidae, classifying the family within the suborder Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. Etymology Echinophryne mitchellii has the genus name Echinophryne which combines echinos, meaning "spiny", a reference to the skin of the type species which was described as "thickly beset with large, upstanding, bifurcate spinules", with phryne, meaning "toad", a common used suffix for anglerfish genera, it may date as far back as Aristotle and Cicero, who referred to anglerfishes as "fishing-frogs" and "sea-frogs", respectively, this is assumed to be an allusion to the frog- or toad-like appearance of these fishes. The identity of the person honoured in the specific name is not known but it is possibly the Scottish-born Australian schoolteacher and paleontologist John Mitchell who was an associate of Robert Etheridge, Junior, Ogilby's superior at the Australian Museum.	2.375
78631473	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo%20Colleoni%20alla%20Pace	Palazzo Colleoni alla Pace	The decorative apparatus of the wooden panels, as well as their order, has remained unchanged over time, and they make up a total of 306 panels, arranged respectively between the great Hall of Honor and the smaller room in front of it, which was later removed for the construction of the nineteenth-century theater. The subjects depicted on these small wooden panels are illustrious figures from Greek and Roman mythology, representing famous heroes, queens, and rulers of antiquity; their high social position and prestige can be inferred not only from the sumptuous robes in which they are portrayed, but also, in some cases, from clearly legible titles. Another striking feature of the great decoration of the hall is the large number of women on the aforementioned wooden panels, such as Hecuba, Andromache, Penthesilea, Cassandra, Helen, Poppaea, Lucretia, and others. Nevertheless, in the iconographic choice of female subjects, there is a certain preference for Thisbe, at least in three different representations, precisely to celebrate the wife of the Bergamasque condottiero, Tisbe Martinengo, who had the same name.	2.03125
78631853	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell%20PPS-8	Rockwell PPS-8	The Rockwell PPS-8, short for "Parallel Processing System, 8-bit", was an early 8-bit microprocessor from Rockwell International, announced in 1974. It had a number of unique design features, which Adam Osborne described as "most unusual... more powerful... also one of the most difficult to understand." It was released with a suite of support chips, including ROM and RAM, parallel and serial controllers, and a direct memory access (DMA) system. The release of simpler and less expensive designs like the MOS 6502 around the same time led Rockwell to pull the design from the market without entering widespread production. National Semiconductor had a cross-licensing arrangement with Rockwell, but they did not produce the PPS-8. The simpler Rockwell PPS-4 did not suffer the same fate, finding a number of roles in low-end systems and being produced into the 1980s. Description Physical construction The PPS-8 was built on a metal gate process, compared to the contemporary Intel 8008 and similar designs which were based on the more advanced silicon gate PMOS logic process. PMOS logic required large amounts of power; the PPS-8 ran on a -17 VDC power supply and also needed separate -12V, +5V and ground. The circuitry dissipated so much power that the chip could not generate a strong enough clock signal internally, and the clock had to be an external chip in its own TO-100 package. Like the PPS-4, the clock was based on a standard NTSC timing crystal as these were widely available. Inside the CPU, the clock's two-phase output, A and B', was used to build a four-phase internal clock running at four times the external clock rate. For instance, the normal 250 kHz clock became 1 MHz inside the CPU.	2.15625
78631853	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell%20PPS-8	Rockwell PPS-8	Among these was the split addressing system. The basic concept was not unusual at the time, processors such as the Signetics 2650 and EA9002 had similar features in which an address had to be expressed as multiple parts that produced a series of blocks or pages. But in these processors, memory was still treated in the same general fashion no matter what bank the address was in; instructions that could access an instruction or data in one page generally could do the same in any other. In contrast, the PPS-8 used entirely different addressing modes and registers for the two banks. Referring to a location in program memory used the PC and L registers as a single 14-bit value, whereas data was referred to using the separate X and Z registers, and sometimes Y. And while L was generally used to refer to locations in program memory, it was also used as a buffer for the X and Z into data. On top of all of this was the data pooling system which added further addressing modes. Another complex feature of the PPS-8 was its bus system, which was designed for very high throughput. Using a combination of tight loops based on code in the data pools and the separate I/O bus formed by the DMAC, the system could process data at up to 250 k bytes per second, even running at a relatively slow system clock of 250 kHz. But this also required significant complexity to achieve. The Rockwell documentation shows a basic system layout containing the clock chip, CPU, DMAC, PDC, SDC, several device controllers, and a user-selected amount of RAM and ROM. In contrast, something like the two-chip Fairchild F8 included ROM and RAM, and three parallel ports that could also be used as serial lines or controllers like GPIO. This allowed it to build the same basic system as the PPS-8 using only two standard 40-pin DIPs. Performance was good overall; Osborne lists a simple looping benchmark where the core of the loop requires only three bytes, allowing it to run much faster than the same program on other systems.	2.328125
78631925	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bora%20Stankovi%C4%87%20Gymnasium%2C%20Vranje	Bora Stanković Gymnasium, Vranje	The Bora Stanković Gymnasium () is a public coeducational high school (gymnasium, similar to preparatory school) located in Vranje in southern Serbia. The school was established in 1881 as one of the first gymnasiums in Serbia, only three years after the city was liberated from the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Vranje during the Serbian–Ottoman Wars of 1876–1878. Notable faculty members of the school include Jaša Prodanović, Radoje Domanović, Ljubomir Davidović, Ilija Vukićević, Svetislav Simić and others. History The school began operating in Deliver-Bey's konaks, known as Pasha's konaks, where it functioned for nearly half a century. During the Bulgarian occupation of Serbia during World War I, the school was not operational. When Vranje was again occupied during World War II, the Vranje Gymnasium became the only school in Serbia to cease operations. Under the Bulgarian occupation, it was transformed into a police prison. After World War I, due to an increase in the number of students and inadequate conditions, an initiative was launched to construct a dedicated school building. Construction of the new building began in 1931, and students first entered its classrooms in September 1933. The placement of the seven busts—Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, Borisav Stanković, Ivan Gundulić, Saint Sava, Ivan Mažuranić, France Prešeren, and Petar Petrović Njegoš—on the facade of the Vranje Gymnasium reflects the spirit of the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which sought to foster a sense of shared identity and cultural unity among South Slavs. In 1959, the school was officially named "Bora Stanković" after Borislav Stanković, but it is still commonly referred to by locals as the Vranje Gymnasium.	2.359375
78632352	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakma%20District	Chakma District	The Chakma District (Chakma: 𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄝𑄟𑄴, 'Canghma Bamh' ) is an landlocked autonomous district of India, located in the south-west part of the state of Mizoram. The Chakma District lies bordered to the north by Lunglei District, to the east by Lai District, and shares international boundaries to the south with Chin State in Myanmar, and to the west with the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh. The administrative headquarters of the Chakma district is in Kamalanagar (also known as Chawngte). Covering an area of 686.25 km2 (approximately 265 square miles), the Chakma district makes up about 3.25% of the total area of Mizoram. According to the 2011 Census of India, the district is home to a population of 62,094. Etymology The name of the Chakma District derives from the Chakma people, the primary inhabitants of this autonomous region in Mizoram. The term "Chakma" is believed to have historical roots, possibly deriving from the Sanskrit word "Sakya", referencing the followers of Buddha, as the Chakmas have strong historical and cultural ties to Buddhism.	2.53125
78632354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism%20in%20Brazil	Communism in Brazil	Knowledge of Marxism, at the time, was still in its infancy in Brazil. As such, PCB was still "lacking" in Marxist theory in its inception. Parallel to the PCB's foundation, on 1 March 1922, Brazil held a presidential election. It was won by Artur Bernardes of the Mineiro Republican Party, who was up against Nilo Peçanha. Bernardes' candidacy was part of the milk coffee politics of the time, a scheme which ensured only candidates from the two wealthiest states, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, would occupy the presidency. The opposition contested the election results and, over the following months, a military conspiracy emerged across the country to remove the still-in-office Epitácio Pessoa and prevent Bernardes' inauguration. This culminated in the Copacabana Fort revolt, which began on 4 July 1922. In response to the revolt, on 5 July 1922, Epitácio Pessoa declared a state of emergency, which would end up lasting for years and multiple presidencies. Among other repercussions, the PCB's operation would soon be declared illegal, a mere three months after its foundation. Vargas era Communist uprising of 1935	2.4375
78632354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism%20in%20Brazil	Communism in Brazil	Between 1974 and 1976, during the height of the military government's repression, nearly 700 infiltrated militants were arrested, and more than 20 high-ranking communist leaders were killed. This wave of arrests forced the PCB into deeper clandestinity and exile. Consequently, Luís Carlos Prestes stepped down from the party's leadership, transferring it to Giocondo Dias. Despite President João Figueiredo's political liberalization, communist activists traveling to the Soviet Union continued to face arrests upon their return. Brazilian cultural production—particularly in dramaturgy, soap operas, and cinema—was notably influenced by communist militant authors. However, their efforts were hampered by inexperience, police surveillance during periods of persecution, and the detachment of exiles from the country's evolving social and political landscape. Despite severe repression, communist influence remained strong in labor movements, notably within the Volkswagen union, which represented workers in the country's largest company at the time. During the Diretas Já campaign for direct elections in the early 1980s, the PCB actively supported the movement. However, during the 1978–1980 ABC Paulista strikes, the Workers' Party (PT) rapidly gained prominence, taking advantage of the PCB's inability to adapt to new political realities. The PCB's decline was compounded by inexperienced leadership and a lack of deep political and methodological reflection on Brazil's changing context. As the PT rose to power in state and municipal governments throughout the 1990s, it ceded itself to the tools of traditional politics and disillusioned its former remaining communist members who broke away from it thus creating a new social-democratic tradition aimed at countries dependent on the First World. In the late 1990s, an attempt was made by some PCB leaders to dissolve the party through a vote by non-affiliated members, but the effort ultimately failed. Modern day	2.5
78632687	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota%20Distance%20Elite	Minnesota Distance Elite	2001 Patricia Goodwin founded Team USA Minnesota in 2001 and hired the team's first coaching staff. From the start, Team USA Minnesota was half-women and half-men making it unique from other professional development running teams. She was inspired to start the team because the performance of U.S. distance runners was perceived as being poor at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Running USA and USA Track & Field announced the founding of Team USA Minnesota in 2001. The first women's coach was Dennis Barker, the cross country and track coach at Augsburg University. The first men's coach was Steve Plasencia, the distance running coach at the University of Minnesota. Ditlev Larson, the men's cross country coach at the University of Minnesota, and Charlie Mahler, the former cross country and track coach at Gustavus Adolphus College, served as assistant coaches. The team was started with a roster of nine runners including Carrie Tollefson who had been training in Florida until the creation of the team. At the time of its creation, Minnesota Distance Elite had a budget of $90,000 to $100,000 for athlete stipends and race travel funding. Minnesota Distance Elite also arranged for each athlete to have health insurance, a health club membership, as well as housing; some women were given arranged housing in Edina, Minnesota while some men were given arranged housing in Saint Paul, Minnesota. As of 2002, participating athletes could get housing for $350 if they needed it. The team was originally supposed to have ten members, but Kelly Keeler dropped out after learning being on the team would require too much time away from her job. The other Team USA training centers established at the same time include Hansons Running Shop Team USA Michigan, Team BrownStone USA New York, and Team USA California (now Mammoth Track Club).	2.46875
78633068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Year%27s%20Day%20gift%20%28royal%20courts%29	New Year's Day gift (royal courts)	An account book for 1604 written by Princess Elizabeth (or her companion Anne Livingstone) records the purchases of gifts for the Harington household at Coombe Abbey, including "four ear rings at fifteen pennies the piece" that were "given at new year's day to my lady Harington's women", and rings bought for the dancing master and writing master, with gifts for "Lady Harington's officemen", including the pantry man and the buttery man. In 1606, the court physician John Craig gave King James a marchpane and four boxes of dry confections, Doctor John Hammond gave a pot of green ginger, their colleague Henry Atkins gave King James a pot of orange flowers, and Martin Schöner presented a box of confections. As had been the custom of Elizabeth's court, the musicians, including Nicholas Lanier the Elder and Rowland Rubbish, gave pairs of perfumed gloves. Arbella Stuart's letters give an insight into anxiety around gift giving. Elizabeth I had given her a disappointing gift in 1601, thought to be worth much less than the present she gave the queen. Arbella recommended that Mary Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury take advice from Margaret Hartsyde, one of the Scottish chamberers serving Anne of Denmark. She thought Hartsyde could discreetly inquire what the queen wanted, to know her "mind without knowing who asked it", without spoiling any surprise. Anne "regarded not the value, but the device", apparently the thought mattered more. Arbella heard that Anne would prefer ear rings rather than costly gowns or petticoats. Mary, Countess of Shrewsbury, gave Bess of Hardwick a cushion based on the embroidered patterns of her daughter the Countess of Arundel's bed hangings. Despite Anne of Denmark's reputed preference for jewels, an inventory of Anne of Denmark's clothes lists elaborately embroidered petticoats or skirts, gifts in January 1609 and 1610 from King James, her chamberlain Lord Lisle, and her servant Mary Gargrave. The Countess of Nottingham gave a petticoat embroidered with fruit bats.	2.328125
78633068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Year%27s%20Day%20gift%20%28royal%20courts%29	New Year's Day gift (royal courts)	In January 1610, Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk gave Anne a petticoat embroidered with arches, pyramids, and wild beasts. In 1619, he and his wife, the Countess of Suffolk, with their associate Sir John Bingley were charged with corruption, for taking bribes to expedite exchequer payments. They claimed that they had innocently received New Year's Day gifts, but the trial lawyer Francis Bacon declared "new years gifts did not last all the year". On 31 December 1616, Lady Anne Clifford sent a sweet bag for perfume to Anne of Denmark and a standish inkwell to "Mrs Hanno". For New Year's Day 1619, Clifford sent a cushion of cloth of silver, embroidered with the royal arms of Denmark, and decorated with "slips of tent stitch". A slip was a rectangle of linen with embroidered motifs. The cushion may have been intended to complement a silver bed with the Danish arms owned by the Queen. On 1 January 1623, King James gave the Duchess of Richmond a "collar with letters" and a chain of gold with diamonds and pearls to the Countess of Buckingham.	2.109375
78633234	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20San%20Lucas%20Band	The San Lucas Band	The San Lucas Band were a Guatemalan brass band, founded in 1921. Their only album Music of Guatemala was recorded in 1974, released in 1975, and nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording in 1976. History The San Lucas Band, also known as the Conjunto de la Voz de las Cumbres, were a brass band from San Lucas Tolimán, Guatemala. The band was founded in 1921 by violinist Bernardo Mejia, and by 1974 comprised seven Kaqchikel musicians on violin, cornet, baritone horn, alto saxophone, snare drum, cymbal, and bass drum. On Good Friday 1972 US ethnologists Linda O'Brien-Rothe and Kathryn King came across the San Lucas Band while travelling in Santiago Atitlán. They organised a recording session for the band in 1974, which was released in 1975 by ABC Records as Music of Guatemala, the San Lucas Band's only album. The album was one of the three inaugural releases in the "Music of the Earth" series that ABC Records started in 1975, alongside Music of Chile and Music of Sikkim. The first half of Music of Guatemala is funeral dirges, of which David Hamilton of The Nation wrote: "The players' ideas of the music are evidently far removed from those of the now unidentifiable composers, and they have made something very weird and individual out of originals that can be still dimly perceived." The second half is Guatemalan popular music and Mexican rancheras. Music of Guatemala was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording in 1976, losing to The Muddy Waters Woodstock Album. In 2024 the album was reissued by Bongo Joe Records with the title La Voz de las Cumbres (Music of Guatemala). The San Lucas Band were apparently displaced by the Guatemalan Civil War, and their whereabouts are unknown.	2.4375
78633409	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch%20Brook%20Park%20Roller%20Skating%20Center	Branch Brook Park Roller Skating Center	Its airbrushed murals feature the logos of Rutgers, the Jersey Devils, and what appear to be hibiscus flowers. Shuttered roller rinks are eulogized under two matching murals, both titled "Gone but Not Forgotten." These closed rinks include the Eastern Parkway, Metropolis, Highland Park, Skate 22, Twin City, Roxy Roller Rink, Skate Key, Empire (birthplace of the roller disco), Laces, Park Circle, Newark's Dreamland Arena, USA Edison, and Wheels In Motion. Following its 1996 reopening, the current facility features phosphorescent airbrushed murals, blacklight fixtures, and multiple disco balls. Its DJs often feature upbeat House music to accompany skaters. In 2024, site manager Alex Lorenzo attested that the site's attendance has increased in recent years. Tasha Klusmann, curator-historian of the National African American Roller Skating Archive, credited the rink's increase to the era following the COVID-19 pandemic and the "popularity of the skating scene on social media". In popular culture 2012 documentary The Rink details the rink's role in the Newark community. It describes the rink as "a space cherished by skaters" in "a city struggling to move beyond its past", recounting stories of roller derby competitors, style skaters, Newark's 1950s urban renewal, and the 1967 Newark riots all with the BBP Rink as its focus. Filmmaker Sarah Friedland stated, "Branch Brook is a very important place, not just for Newark, but for the entire skating community," which she claims "has recently lost many key rinks to real-estate speculation and gentrification".	2.03125
78633472	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layale%20Chaker	Layale Chaker	Layale Chaker (; born 1990) is a French-Lebanese violinist and composer whose music integrates elements of classical, contemporary, jazz, Arabic music and improvisation. Music career She was born in Paris and moved to Lebanon at the age of 6. In 2005, Chaker began her musical studies at the National Higher Conservatory of Beirut. She later studied at the Conservatoire Régional de Paris beginning in 2010 and the Royal Academy of Music in London starting in 2017 with professors including Mohamed Hashem, Carmen Scripcariu, Jeanne-Marie Conquer and Nicholas Miller. She currently performs with the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra under Daniel Barenboim. Chaker has performed at a variety of festivals and concert halls. Festival highlights include La Biennale di Venezia, Spoleto Festival, London Jazz Festival, Alderburgh Festival, Morgenland Festival Osnabrueck, Junger Kunstler Festival Bayreuth, Lucerne Festival for Contemporary Music, Impuls’ Festival, Beethoven Festival Bonn and Avignon Festival. She has performed at concert halls such as Berlin Philharmonie, Abbaye de Royaumont, Hancher Auditorium, Stone, National Sawdust, Banff Centre, Royal Albert Hall and Wigmore Hall. Her debut album, Inner Rhyme, with her chamber jazz ensemble Sarafand, was released on Circle Records in 2019, incorporating Arabic poetic meters. The album ranked #2 on NPR's 10 Best Releases and #1 on the World Charts of iTunes and Amazon Music for several weeks. Additionally, the album received the AFAC 2018 fund and a "Top of The World" distinction from Songlines with a 5-star review.	2.03125
78633905	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Academy%20of%20Sanitarians	American Academy of Sanitarians	The American Academy of Sanitarians (AAS) is a network of environmental health professionals providing recognition of outstanding competence of professional practice in the field of environmental health. The four-part mission of the academy, includes: elevating the standards, improving the practice, advancing the professional proficiency, and promoting the highest levels of ethical conduct among professional sanitarians in every field of environmental health. Through a process of evaluation by peers, the academy recognizes Diplomates, who are qualified persons attaining high professional stature through leadership and accomplishment in the practice of environmental health. Recognition Certification as a Diplomate of the American Academy of Sanitarians (DAAS) may be awarded to professionally credentialed environmental health practitioners with qualities of outstanding competence and leadership, which are assessed through a formal process of evaluation by peers. In 1999, the academy created the certification of Diplomate Laureate of the American Academy of Sanitarians (DLAAS) to recognize Diplomates who have demonstrated continuing outstanding commitment, leadership, and accomplishment in the environmental health profession beyond the criteria used to evaluate Diplomates.	1.90625
78634070	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Jouve	Raymond Jouve	Raymond Marius Jean Jouve (10 February 1886 – unknown) was a French footballer who played as a winger and defender for Gallia Club and the French national team in the first decade of the 20th century. He later worked as a referee. Early life Raymond Jouve was born on 10 February 1886 in the Hérault city of Cette (currently known as Sète), to a father who worked at the Paris-Lyon-Méditerranée railway line (PLM). His father was transferred to the station of Charenton, the city that not only hosted the Gallia Club, but also the Lycée Charlemagne, where Jouve studied while also playing football for the school's team since at least November 1900, aged 14. Coincidentally, Gallia's best player was a Sète native, Georges Bayrou, and he might have influenced the young Jouve to join Gallia in early 1902, aged 16. Club career First steps In March 1902, Jouve started in the final of the second series of the against FEC Levallois. On 27 October 1902, he started in the opening match of the Paris championship's top series against Racing Club de France; in its preview, the journalists of La Presse stated that "two players stand out clearly from the lot, Jouve at the front and Nicolet at the back, the others are ordinary". In December 1902, the 16-year-old Jouve scored a hat-trick against Paris Star, and a brace against Levallois in April 1903, thus being quickly labeled as a goalscorer. As an individualist, he quickly became a "dribbling game" player, who rushed towards the goal all alone, with passion and a modest brilliance, and therefore he was sometimes criticized for holding the ball too much and for having "too personal a game". On 8 November 1903, Jouve started in the final of the 1903–04 Coupe Manier in Vincennes, in which Jouve scored the opening goal in the 25th minute to help his side to a 3–2 victory over CA Paris after extra-time. In March 1904, Jouve refereed a match between the second teams of RC France and United SC, which ended in a 3–1 win to the former; both sides found his performance "satisfactory".	2.203125
78634072	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Science%20of%20Yoga%20%28book%29	The Science of Yoga (book)	The Science of Yoga: The Risks and the Rewards is a 2012 non-fiction book by William Broad. Synopsis Broad investigates the veracity of health claims associated with yoga as exercise, using scientific methods. Broad, who has practiced yoga since 1970, systematically examines assertions that yoga can prevent heart disease, reverse aging, alleviate pain, and enhance mental well-being. The book reviews existing scientific literature, evaluating the quality and methodology of studies related to each claim. Broad identifies evidence supporting some benefits of yoga as exercise, such as reducing anxiety and improving mood, while noting areas where evidence is lacking, such as in weight loss. He also explores the potential of yoga to influence biological aging processes. Broad examines the historical roots of yoga in ancient India. His research includes visits to libraries, interviews with historians, and examination of archival materials, revealing the diverse practices and beliefs associated with traditional yoga as a spiritual practice. This historical perspective contrasts with the modern perception of yoga as primarily a wellness activity in Western societies. Publication history The Science of Yoga was published in hardback by Simon & Schuster in 2012. They brought out a paperback edition the same year. Reception The book has been reviewed by the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and Kirkus Reviews.	2.359375
78634084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Big%20Revue%20%28film%29	The Big Revue (film)	The Big Revue, also titled as The Starlet Revue, is a 1929 American musical short film produced by Warner Bros. Pictures as part of their Vitaphone Varieties series. Directed by Murray Roth, the film includes performances by The Gumm Sisters and The Meglin Kiddies and additional child performers. Among the Gumm Sisters was seven-year-old Frances Gumm, who later became known as Judy Garland. The Big Revue features a variety of song and dance numbers performed by the young cast, reflecting the vaudeville style that was popular during that time. The short film is notable as it marks the film debut of Garland, who performed alongside her sisters under their family name, Gumm. A Vitaphone Varieties production, The Big Revue was part of Warner Bros.' initiative to integrate synchronized sound into short films, a technology that was relatively new at the time. Its release played a role in the transition from silent films to "talkies," illustrating the changing dynamics of the entertainment industry. The Big Revue, while not widely recognized today, holds historical significance for its early use of sound technology and as the film debut of Garland, who later became a prominent figure in Hollywood.	2.375
78634232	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyszak	Wyszak	Wyszak (; ) was a 12th-century merchant, privateer, and a councilor in Szczecin, Poland. Biography Wyszak was mentioned by Catholic monk Ebo of Michelsberg, in his writings about the life of missionary Otto of Bamberg. According to him, he was born at the beginning of the 12th century, and was an influential member of the city counil of Szczecin (now in Poland). He came to his wealth by being a sea merchant and privateer, mainly active at the Danish coast. In 1126, he led a plundering raid with six boats into Denmark. They were repealed, and Wyszak was captured. He remained as a prisoner for next two years, when he managed to escape and return to Szczecin on a small boat. He credited his survival to intercession from Otto of Bamberg. During his second missionary expedition to Pomerania, Wyszak had publicly supported Christianisation of the region, and helped Otto in his mission. Legacy In 1970, next to the fountain at the Chrobry Embankment in Szczecin, was unveiled a statue of Wyszak, holding a ship's wheel, by Stanisław Lewiński. It was made from artificial stone.	2.328125
78634462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Because%20%28McAuley%20poem%29	Because (McAuley poem)	"Because" is a poem by Australian poet James McAuley. It was first published in the anthology Australian Poetry 1968 edited by Dorothy Auchterlonie, and later in several of the author's collections and in other Australian poetry anthologies. Outline The poet looks back at his childhood, and at his parents, and notes that they lived a life of restraint, duty and self-discipline that was very prevalent in Australia between the World Wars. They were good people, with limitations. Analysis Noel Rowe wrote about McAuley's poetry in an essay for Southerly titled "James McAuley: The Possibility of Despair" and commented that the poem "wants a final reason for human sorrow", and that "it seems to be coming to terms with limited parents and limited love". In his commentary on the poem in 60 Classic Australian Poems Geoff Page noted that "McAuley seems almost to be musing to himself – or, perhaps more accurately, confiding to a trusted friend about the limitations of his childhood and their permanent impact." Further publications After its initial publication in the Australian Poetry 1968 anthology in 1968, the poem was reprinted as follows:	2.484375
78634608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastas%20Petrovi%C4%87	Nastas Petrović	Petrović was one of the most famous radical speakers: He was singled out by the media for the strength of his oratory and his temperament. He was first elected to political office in 1901, taking a seat in the National Assembly, and, while not re-elected in 1903, he returned to the Assembly in 1905, retaining the seat in the Serbian elections of 1906, 1908, and 1912 and in the Yugoslav elections of 1920, 1923, and 1925. In 1903 he became the first secretary of the Board of Directors of the People's Radical Party, holding the position until July 1924. He was a deputy to the Corfu National Assembly of 1916 and in late 1915, in the midst of World War I, he created a group of independent radicals who broke away from the party and opposed the leadership of Nikola Pašić. After the end of the war he rejoined the party with his followers, but continued to oppose Pašić, especially on issues concerning Croatia: Petrović tried to cooperate closely with Stjepan Radić, while Pašić distrusted him and the Croatian Peasant Party. He served twice as interior minister: First in the Kingdom of Serbia during the government of Pašić, between 12 June 1907 and 12 April 1908; his tenure in the ministry was turbulent, as he was charged with murder after the assassinations of Milan Novaković and Maksim Novaković, supporters of the deposed House of Obrenović and opponents of the Black Hand. The debate was brought before the National Assembly three times and was dismissed by the prosecution in 1911.	2.03125
78634854	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princesses%20Elizabeth%20and%20Margaret%27s%20Christmas%20pantomimes	Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret's Christmas pantomimes	From 1941 to 1945 a series of annual pantomimes were held at Windsor Castle by the British royal family. The young princesses Elizabeth and Margaret starred in the pantomimes and the performances were attended by their parents, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. The pantomimes raised money for the Royal Household Wool Fund. The fund supplied wool to knit comforters for soldiers fighting in World War II. Each pantomime had three performances. The performances were held in the Waterloo Chamber in Windsor Castle. The audience numbered from 300 to 600 people. Tickets were discounted for armed forces personnel. The princesses spent much of their time at the castle due to its safe proximity from London during the war. The princesses' fellow performers were local children and pupils of the Royal Windsor School. 16 large colourful pictures of characters from fairy tales decorated the space around the performances. The pictures took the place of paintings by Thomas Lawrence of figures from the Napoleonic Wars that were in storage for their protection during the Second World War. Upon the conclusion of the war and the restoration of the paintings, George VI decided that the pictures of Aladdin, Mother Goose and Cinderella would stay within the frames beneath the paintings of George III, George IV and the Duke of Wellington as a memory of the pantomimes. The pictures were painted by Claude Whatham, an evacuee and student at the Wycombe Technical Institute and School of Art. Whatham used the Throne Room as his studio, working alongside Gerald Kelly who was painting his portraits of the coronation of George VI and Elizabeth.	3
78635713	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgianna%20Rumbley	Georgianna Rumbley	Georgianna A. Rumbley (January 1, 1852 – July 3, 1894) was a 19th-century medical doctor, and one of 115 Black women licensed to practice medicine in the United States; the number would decline significantly into the 20th century. Career She graduated from the Howard University normal and musical departments, attending from 1870 to 1874. She married John Richard Bailey in 1872. There is no record of his death, but Lamb listed her as a widow. She then attended the Howard University Medical College (now the College of Medicine) from 1877 to 1879, and again 12 years later from 1891 to 1894. She graduated with an M.D. Rumbley died of diabetes on July 3, 1894, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The executor of her will was Howell L. Goins, who is mentioned in a letter to Booker T. Washington as a person he would have known. Records of her are scant, but she may be the "Georgiana" Rumbley who is listed as a teacher in Cedar Grove, North Carolina in 1868, when she would have been 16. The records show that she had not arrived by the time of the listing, so she may not have gone at all. That same year she is also listed with the two-n spelling as a teacher in Hillsborough, North Carolina, eight miles away, with no record of her having gone in person. Her name is occasionally spelled Georgiana with one "n" in newspapers as well, although it was listed with two in her graduation documents.	1.992188
78635737	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullock%27s%20complex	Bullock's complex	Bullock's complex is a collection of nine historic buildings located at 639-651 south Broadway, the 300-block of 7th Street, and 634-670 south Hill Street in the Jewelry District and Broadway Theater District in the historic core of downtown Los Angeles. Each building is a contributing property in the National Register of Historic Places-listed Broadway Theater and Commercial District, five buildings are contributing properties in the City of Los Angeles-recognized Hill Street Commercial Historic District, and four buildings are contributing properties in the City of Los Angeles-recognized Seventh Street Commercial Historic District. The complex is currently the site of the St. Vincent's Jewelry Center. It was formerly the first and flagship site of Bullock's, known as Bullock's Downtown. History Bullock's complex began with the Bullock's building (also known as Earl or Tehama building), located on the corner of Broadway and 7th. This building, seven-stories in height, was built in 1906. It was financed by Arthur Letts, designed by Parkinson and Bergstrom, and built for John G. Bullock, who opened the original Bullock's in the building in March 1907. This store became known as Bullock's Downtown after other Bullock's locations opened. Bullock's Downtown proved so successful that the location expanded eight times in less than three decades, expanding its floor area from to . These expansions were:	2.109375
78636201	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adadura	Adadura	Adadura was an ancient region of Anatolia located west of the Kızılırmak River and one of the lands of the Assuwa coalition that opposed the Hittites. It is mentioned only in the Annals of Tudḫaliya, a text that chronicled the acts of Hittite monarch Tudḫaliya I. Etymology The etymology of Adadura is unknown. The Luwian ada has been classified as a third person plural pronoun comparable to the English-language "their." It was one of six lands the Hittites named using the dur root, possibly from the Akkadian language e.durû meaning “settlement" and/or "the area around a city or village. The root dur was commonly appended to the name of cities by the Kassites after the Hittite sack of Babylon in 1595 BC and had the meaning "fortification" or "city wall." History Adadura is named as one of the lands that comprised the Assuwa coalition, a military confederacy of twenty-two towns that opposed the Hittite army as it campaigned west of the Maraššantiya: The site has yet to be archaeologically located and It does not appear to be attested anywhere else. See generally the debate concerning the location of Assuwa.	2.640625
78636406	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro%20Rozumnyi	Petro Rozumnyi	Petro Pavlovych Rozumnyi (; 7 March 1926 – 20 March 2013) was a Ukrainian Soviet dissident and human rights activist who was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. Early life and career Petro Pavlovych Rozumnyi was born on 7 March 1926 in the village of , in what was then part of the Soviet Union. Shortly after his birth, his family migrated to the village of , a newly established village in right-bank Ukraine comprising left-bank peasants in search of uncultivated land. His father, Pavlo Rozumnyi, was arrested during the Holodomor and sentenced to work on the Moscow Canal as prison labour, during which he died. Petro, as well as the rest of the family, only survived as a result of his father hiding the family's grain. In 1942, during Operation Barbarossa, Nazi German soldiers arrested Rozumnyi, then aged 16, and sent him to work as a forced labourer in the city of Eisleben. Rozumnyi was freed by the United States Army in 1945 and repatriated to the Soviet Union, where he was conscripted into the Soviet Army. He served in Poland and Karelia for three years before being demobilised. Rozumnyi studied at the Dnipropetrovsk Institute of Foreign Languages, graduating in 1952. He worked as an English teacher in the western Ukrainian city of Pochaiv, later working at a local history museum in Kremenets. Dissident career Rozumnyi became acquainted with Yevhen Sverstiuk, a leader of the growing underground Ukrainian intelligentsia, in 1952 while working in western Ukraine. He soon built up a friendship and working relationship with Sverstiuk, helping to organise a Shevchenko Days celebration and mobilise student bodies in Ternopil Oblast for Ukrainian causes. This brought the two under surveillance, and in 1961 Rozumnyi spent six days imprisoned. After this, he relocated to Solone in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and resumed working as a teacher.	2.09375
78636427	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham%20Cohen%20Bucure%C8%99teanu	Abraham Cohen Bucureșteanu	Abraham Cohen Bucureșteanu (1840 – January 24, 1877) was a Romanian poet, songwriter, and publicist. He is credited as the first Jew to write verse in the Romanian language. Biography Abraham Cohen Bucureșteanu was born into a Sephardic Jewish family in Bucharest in 1840. His father, Moise Elias Cohen, was a wealthy banker. Bucureșteanu initially pursued a career in theatre and obtained some success as an actor, but at the urging of his family he shifted his focus to commerce. Between 1860 and 1874, Bucureșteanu wrote numerous satirical poems, epigrams, love songs, theatrical sketches, and anecdotes that were well received by the public across social classes. While his songs were included in numerous popular collections, he himself only published two works during his lifetime: Urdubelea și Norocul (Bucharest, 1873) and Buchetul, Culegere de Anecdote (Bucharest, 1874). Alongside Benjamin F. Peixotto and others, Bucureșteanu was in 1872 a founder of the Infratirea Zion Jewish fraternal association, and served as its first president. The organization later affiliated with the Order of B'nai B'rith as the Zion Grand Lodge. Bucureșteanu led a turbulent personal life, which ultimately contributed to his physical decline and premature death from tuberculosis in 1877.	2.03125
78636656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sima%20Yang	Sima Yang	Life under Emperors Yuan and Ming Sima Rui took the title "King of Jin"—a title previously used by Sima Zhao and Emperor Wu while they were regents of Cao Wei—rather than emperor on 6 April 317. He created his son Sima Shao crown prince on 1 May of the same year. Under Sima Rui as King of Jin, Sima Yang was allowed to appoint his own officials. He also had a private army of about 1000 soldiers, and 100 cavalrymen. Together with Sima Zong, Yang was ordered to settle refugees to populate Zhongzhou () and the remote areas of Jiangxi. On 7 February 318, Liu Cong, the emperor of Han-Zhao, executed Emperor Min. About two and a half months later, on 23 April, news of Emperor Min's execution reached Jiankang. Sima Rui then declared himself emperor three days later. In January 323, Emperor Yuan died and was succeeded by his son Emperor Ming. After Wang Dun, who had the upper hand in his struggle against Emperor Yuan, died in August 324 and his rebellion subsequently quelled, Sima Yang was made Grand Commandant in November. In early October 325, Emperor Ming became gravely ill; on 12 October, a number of high-level officials, including Sima Yang (who was then taizai), Yu Liang, Wang Dao, Bian Kun (), Xi Jian, Lu Ye (; grandson of Lu Mao), and Wen Jiao formed the regency council.	2.3125
78637116	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20of%20La%20Mota%20%28San%20Sebastian%29	Castle of La Mota (San Sebastian)	In 1520, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, ordered the restoration of the ruined castle. The works were carried out according to the plans drawn up by Gabriele Tadino di Martinengo, recently appointed Capitán General de la Artillería de España y Aragón, in 1524. In 1526, a large semi-circular bastion, known as the "cubo de la Reina" ["the Queen's bastion"] (named after Joanna of Castile) was added to the south face of the "Macho", the keep. In 1535, another bastion was added to the castle and at the gate to the docks. In 1541, the governor of the castle, Captain Francisco de Villaturiel, who had been sent there in 1535 to oversee the works, wrote that while a lot of money had been spent on the necessary fortifications, it made little sense that these were badly guarded and therefore requested 100 soldiers to defend the city and its castle. That same year, the captain general of Guipúzcoa, Sancho de Leyva reported that Villaturiel only had a garrison of ten troops at San Sebastián, with old artillery pieces and arquebuses without ammunition. In 1542, Charles V ordered the construction of the "cubo Imperial" ("Imperial bastion"), probably projected by Luis Pizano, to replace the existing heart-shaped defensive structure to the town, and incorporated two bastions (Ingente and Gobernador) on either side of it, to make up what was known as the "frente real" ("royal front") to protect it from attacks coming from the south, or landward face. In February 1546, Villaturiel himself, wrote to the Prince, the future King Philip II, proposing that the city walls be extended up to the castle and with ramparts extending to the east and west down the slopes as he was concerned that a possible disembarkation from the French ships that were patrolling those waters and if the invading force were able to reach the castle, the city itself would be lost. The sketch Villaturiel attached is one of the oldest known plans of the city.	2.640625
78637348	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiang%20Guhuai	Jiang Guhuai	Jiang Guhuai (1880–1958), courtesy name Boxiu and later pseudonym Quewei, was a native of Houguan County, Fuzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. He was a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, a poet, calligrapher, and jurist in modern China. He wrote thousands of poems in his lifetime, and left behind a handwritten collection of poems, "Quewei Tower Poetry Collection". Biography Jiang Guhuai was a juren in the year of Guimao (1903) during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. He studied in Japan and majored in law. He graduated from the private political science university in Japan and was awarded the title of the best student. In the second year of the Xuantong reign (1909), he participated in the imperial examination for overseas students set up by the Qing court and achieved the best results. He was awarded the title of Jinshi in the law and politics department and was appointed as an editor of the Hanlin Academy. He was an important poet of the Tongguang style poetry school in modern China and an important member of the poetry society founded by Chen Yan.	1.9375
78637536	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Cadaadley	Battle of Cadaadley	The Battle of Cadaadley occurred on 29 May 1988 during the Somali Civil War, marking a significant offensive by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the Somali National Army (SNA). This engagement was part of a broader campaign launched by the SNM across multiple fronts, including Hargeisa and Burco, to destabilize the Somali government’s control in the northern regions. Background In 1988, the SNM intensified its guerrilla warfare operations against the Somali regime, transitioning into large-scale offensives aimed at liberating strategic towns. The SNM's leadership strategically planned simultaneous attacks on key locations, with Cadaadley, located approximately 90 km east of Hargeisa, being a focal point due to its military significance. The Battle The SNM launched a surprise attack on the SNA garrison in Cadaadley using three brigades led by commanders such as Colonel Xuseen Dheere. Their assault targeted SNA positions, leveraging extensive reconnaissance and coordination. The SNA defended the garrison with a full division commanded by General Kaahiye, but the SNM’s strategic advantage and determination overwhelmed the government forces. Aftermath The SNM emerged victorious, inflicting heavy casualties on the SNA and seizing critical assets. The defeat demoralized the SNA leadership, and General Kaahiye, reportedly unable to reconcile with the loss, took his own life shortly after the battle. This victory bolstered the SNM's momentum, enabling subsequent successes in Hargeisa and Burco, and further weakening the Somali regime's grip on Somaliland.	1.976563
78637685	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency%20Response%20Coordination%20Centre	Emergency Response Coordination Centre	The European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) and the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) are both part of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS). They deliver comprehensive flood forecasting and monitoring, projecting potential flood events up to 10 days ahead to facilitate proactive measures in large transnational river basins. By integrating cutting-edge weather forecasts with advanced hydrological modelling, both systems offer daily flood forecasts, monthly seasonal streamflow outlooks, and a 30-day flood probability overview. These forecasts are generated by comparing EFAS/GloFAS simulation outputs with pre-determined flood thresholds for each grid cell, derived from discharge time series produced by the operational LISFLOOD hydrological model, using ERA5 forcing data from Copernicus. In addition to modelled data, GloFAS also incorporates the Global Flood Monitoring (GFM) product, which utilises satellite data obtained from Sentinel-1. This data is processed using a suite of flood detection algorithms to identify flooded areas directly. The Sentinel-1 mission consists of a constellation of two polar-orbiting satellites within the Copernicus program, which operate continuously, day and night. They are equipped with C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) capable of capturing images irrespective of weather conditions. These satellites have a revisit frequency, ensuring that any given location on Earth is imaged at least once every six days. Both EFAS and GloFAS were jointly developed by the European Commission and the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF).	2.46875
78637685	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency%20Response%20Coordination%20Centre	Emergency Response Coordination Centre	The European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) and Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS) forecast dangerous weather conditions up to 10 days ahead and provide near-real-time information on active fires and fire danger. Active fires are located based on so-called thermal anomalies in which the temperature of a potential fire is compared with the temperature of the land cover around it. The active fire detection is provided by the NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) and produced by a combination of two satellite sensors: the MODIS sensor on board the Terra and Aqua satellites with 1 km resolution and the VIIRS sensor on board NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) with a resolution of 375 m. Fire danger is based on numerical weather predictions using meteorological forecast data received from the ECMWF. Additional information includes the burnt area, fire emissions and a global fuel map. These systems analyse the severity and risk that each forest fire poses for the local population and the environment. This allows informed decisions on the deployment of the rescEU firefighting capacity. GWIS is a joint initiative of the GEO and Copernicus Work Programs with support provided by NASA.	2.828125
78637740	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpolithus	Carpolithus	Carpolithus is an extinct genus of fossilized seeds known from the Paleozoic Era and the Pleistocene Epoch of the Cenozoic Era. Etymology The term Carpolithus derives from the Greek words karpos (καρπός), meaning "fruit," and lithos (λίθος), meaning "stone." It reflects the fossilized nature of the seeds and fruits classified under this genus. History and classification The genus is classified as a form taxon and is extinct. The first fossils with "Carpolithus" traits appeared 359–347 million years ago in the Paleozoic Era, while the last were recorded between 0.13 and 0.01 million years ago in the Pleistocene epoch. The concept of Carpolithus dates to the 18th century, as detailed in 1920 by Alfred Gabriel Nathorst, who revealed its first use by Swedish mineralogist Johan Gottschalk Wallerius in 1747. In 1750, Wallerius included early references to Carpolithus in his Mineralogie, oder mineralreich. Years later, Carl Linnaeus referenced the genus in 1768. It was a generic name employed by Linnaeus for incorporating fossil fruits and seeds that could not be assigned to a natural plant group. Linnaeus referred to "Phytolithus fructus" as Carpolithus. 15 species were described as "Carpolithes" by Ernst Friedrich, Baron von Schlotheim in 1820. The term "Carpolites" was adopted by Kaspar Maria von Sternberg in 1825. Early fossil genera like Carpolithus (Linnaeus) and Carpolithes (Schlotheim) served as "form genera," which were catch-all categories to classify numerous unidentified fossil seeds, based on impressions, compressions, and casts, serving as a general repository. Since Carpolithus Linnaeus and Carpolithes were published before 31 December 1820, they are considered invalid under the 1966 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Species There have been over 100 species assigned to Carpolithus. Carpolithus Siliquarum (Blackbird fruits) Carpolithus quercinus (Oak acorns) Carpolithus caftanei (Chestnut fruits) Carpolithus conorum arborum (Fruits of the Trees)	3.015625
78638012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack%20on%20Burtons%20Camp	Attack on Burtons Camp	Outcome During the attack, Lieutenant Stroyan was killed in action, while Lieutenant Burton was severely wounded, with an impaled injury to his face. Lieutenant Speke was taken prisoner by the Isaaq forces but later managed to escape. Background causes The roots of the conflict lay in Burton's disdain for the local Abban fees, which he found extortionate. Burton had also clashed with the Issa Musa tribe over camel hire costs, leading to further strain in relations with the Isaaq clans. Prior to the attack, Burton had been suspected of espionage by the local clans, and tensions were already high when Burton's camp encountered three horsemen from the Habr Awal clan on April 18, 1855. They falsely reported that a plot to seize Berbera had been hatched by Haji Sharmarke Ali Saleh. Possible involvement of the Senussiya Order French explorer and geographer Henri Duveyrier suggested that the Senusiyya order, a Muslim Sufi order active in the region, might have played a role in the events surrounding the attack.	2.421875
78638350	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezdrevsk%C3%BD%20potok	Bezdrevský potok	The Bezdrevský potok is a stream in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Vltava River. It flows through the South Bohemian Region. It is long. Etymology The name means 'Bezdrev stream', referring to the Bezdrev fishpond. The name of the pond has its origin in the Czech words bez dřeva, meaning 'without woods'. It referred to a treeless plain on which the pond was established. Characteristic The Bezdrevský potok originates in the territory of Brloh in the Bohemian Forest Foothills at an elevation of and flows to Hluboká nad Vltavou, where it enters the Vltava River at an elevation of . It is long. Its drainage basin has an area of . The longest tributaries of the Bezdrevský potok are: Course The stream flows through the municipal territories of Brloh, Ktiš, Lhenice, Netolice, Malovice, Olšovice, Hlavatce, Sedlec, Dívčice, Mydlovary, Zliv and Hluboká nad Vltavou. Bodies of water There are 456 bodies of water in the basin area. The basin area is rich in fishponds, especially the area of the lower course of the stream in the České Budějovice Basin. The largest of the fishponds and the third largest pond in the Czech Republic overall is Bezdrev with an area of , built directly on the Bezdrevský potok. Bezdrev was founded by Vilém II of Pernštejn before 1490. The Bezdrevský potok also supplies several other ponds. Bridges In Netolice, near the dam of the Mnich pond, where the Bezdrevský potok leaves the pond, there are a pair of stone arched bridges, protected as a cultural monument. The older of the bridges probably dates from around 1746, which is the date of the statue that decorates it. The younger bridge was most likely built in the 19th century. The dam of the Bezdrev pond and a bridge over the Bezdrevský potok next to the dam are together protected as a cultural monument. The stone three-arch bridge dates from 1879.	2.109375
78638734	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish%20conquest%20of%20Langeland%20%281659%29	Swedish conquest of Langeland (1659)	Körber immediately made plans to retake the island before the enemy could establish themselves firmly there and requested a fleet to assist. However, he was temporarily blocked by the superior Swedish fleet. Later, there were still plans to liberate the island. In June, Hans and Frederik Ahlefeldt tried to organize an expedition from Femern to retake Langeland and relieve Nakskov, which was besieged. Yet, it was never finalized due to the reluctance of Dutch naval assistance. From 21 March to 19 November, the island would be completely ruined, tormented, and raided by Count Waldeck's cavalry. Additionally, the inhabitants were conscribed to war service in the Swedish army and many were sent to Poland-Lithuania, Pomerania, and Riga. When the anti-Swedish coalition made plans to reconquer Funen, Count Waldeck began to divert some of his troops from Langeland to Funen. Waldeck was subsequently imprisoned after the Battle of Nyborg, and the Danes quickly sent an expeditionary force to retake the island. After some fighting, the Swedes were expelled from the island on 19 November 1659.	2.375
78638840	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan%20Fine%20Arts%20Exhibition	Taiwan Fine Arts Exhibition	The government's desire to intervene in art exhibitions had important political implications. Since the Taiwan Education Association hosted the Taiwan Exhibition, it was evident that for the colonial authorities, the exhibition was an educational tool. Minister of Culture and Education Hidehiko Ishida wrote an article before the first Taiwan Exhibition, mentioning the exhibition "provides hobbies and promote interests for islanders". To the authorities, the exhibition was a way to "enhance" the cultural standards and tastes of Taiwanese people, ultimately leading to their "assimilation". Promoting Japanese tastes and aesthetic through art exhibitions was essential for Taiwanese people to be "trained" to become people useful to the homeland of Japan. It is also a meaningful way to promote Japan's colonial achievements to the world. Format The exhibition is divided into two departments: the Oriental Painting Department and the Western Painting Department. Awards The examiners of each year's exhibition gave paintings that were particularly excellent the following awards: Special Selection: Awarded to the most outstanding works Recommendation: Recognized works of high merit Taiten Award: Presented to exceptional entries Taiwan-Nichi Award: Sponsored by the Taiwan Daily News (Taiwan Nichinichi Shinpo) Asahi Award: Sponsored by the Osaka Asahi Shimbun (former name of the Asahi Shimbun newspapers published in western Japan) Venues The first to third exhibitions were held in the auditorium of Huashan Elementary School (the original site is now the headquarters for Consumer Protection Committee), the fourth exhibition was held in the former Taiwan Governor's Office Building (now Zhongshan Hall, Taipei City), and the remaining fifth to tenth exhibitions were held in the Taiwan Education Association Building. First exhibition (1927/Shōwa 2)	2.59375
78638840	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan%20Fine%20Arts%20Exhibition	Taiwan Fine Arts Exhibition	The painter who attracted the most attention this year was undoubtedly Lu Tie-Zhou, who was unsuccessful in the first exhibition for his work Hundred Birds but won praise in the "Exhibition of the Rejected". Inspired by his failure in the first exhibition, Lu went to Kyoto, Japan, to study painting with the famous painter Heihachirō Fukuda. His painting style shifted from traditional ink wash painting to gouache paintings with objective and realistic depictions. His flower and bird paintings strive for accurate imagery, but the flowers and leaves have sharp shapes and are flat in a decorative style, so the gradients of painting and dyeing present an idealised sense of order. His works strike a good balance between naturalism and idealism. Kuo Hsueh-hu continued with his subtle style of painting from previous exhibitions in his work Spring. Kuo's mentor, Tsai Shiue-Shi, had been unsuccessful in the last two exhibitions, so he decided to swallow his pride and ask Kuo Hsueh-hu for advice. Tsai's Autumn Day and Yuanshan was then selected in this exhibition, which became a hot topic at that time. Shi Yushan's Festival of Chaotian Temple followed the popular theme of folk activities and had attracted considerable attention for its unique representation of perspectives and its depiction of modern elements. Lin Yushan's Chou Lien-hsi was one of the few works that uses traditional ink wash. In response to the decreasing number of traditional ink wash paintings, examiner Matsubayashi Keigetsu called to his fellow painters to emphasise Nanga's (Southern painting) tradition of expressing individuality, and not to ignore the expression of their own personality due to considerations for getting selected.	2.265625
78639216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20senilis	Amastra senilis	Amastra senilis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae. Description The length of the shell attains 21.2 mm, its diameter 16 mm The shell is openly umbilicate and broadly conic, with a thin yet delicate structure. The spire is conic, featuring nearly straight outlines and a subacute apex. The shell contains 6¾ whorls. The whorls of the protoconch are finely and sharply striate, closely packed, and well-defined. The subsequent whorls are moderately convex, prominently marked with rough growth wrinkles. The last three whorls occasionally display small, very shallow spiral striations. The body whorl is carinate at the periphery in front and exhibits coarse malleation, resulting in irregular, spiral, descending ridges interspersed with flattened facets. The columella is prominently dilated at the upper end, vertically oriented, and adorned with a small fold. The umbilicus is cylindrical, deep, and measures approximately 2 mm in width, adding a notable feature to the shell's structure. Distribution This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on the Mauna Kea volcano.	2.265625
78639376	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2043317	HD 43317	HD 43317 is a variable star in the equatorial constellation of Orion, the hunter. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.63, which is faint enough to be a challenge to view with the naked eye under good conditions. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 1,050 light years from the Sun. It is drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of about 13 km/s. This star is a member of an open cluster designated OCSN 63. Observations During 2009–2010, HD 43317 was observed by the CoRoT space telescope during the LRa03 (long run) sequence for asteroseismological purposes. This program lasted for a period of 150.41 days, during which the star was under almost constant observation. After being combined with HARPS data, the star was classified as a hybrid slowly pulsating B-type star and a Beta Cephei variable. Both g (gravity) and p (pressure) mode pulsations were detected. It is spinning rapidly at about half of its critical velocity. The photometry and spectrometry of HD 43317 showed rotational modulation of regions with temperature or chemical differences. These are an indirect indicator of a magnetic field. In addition, X-ray emission was detected by ROSAT, which also suggests a potential magnetic field. A magnetic field was directly detected with the Téléscope Bernard Lyot during 2012. The longitudinal field strength was found to vary with the rotation period, ranging from to . Modelling of the star's dipolar field found a strength between 1 and . This is strong enough to force uniform rotation in the outer radiative zone of the star.	2.046875
78639468	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20fraterna	Amastra fraterna	Amastra fraterna is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae. Description The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 5.5 mm The shell is sinistral, ovate-turriform, and thin, with an impressed suture. It consists of to 7 whorls, which are slightly convex and longitudinally striated. The surface is covered with a brown to blackish-corneous epidermis, lending a natural and earthy appearance. The aperture is ovate and of moderate size, with an unexpanded and acute peristome. A moderate lamina enhances the columella, contributing to the shell's structural elegance. The shell is notably more inflated compared to any member of the Amastra soror group from Maui. It is entirely covered with a thin, dark-brown to black cuticle, which is often worn away near the front of the aperture, revealing the underlying purple-brown coloration. The typical form features a nearly straight-sided spire and consists of 6½ to 7 whorls. A variant form, however, has fewer whorls and a spire with concave sides. The whorls of the protoconch are adorned with exquisitely fine ribbing, the costellate riblets being narrow and sharply defined. The whorls are uniformly convex, with the body whorl appearing notably inflated. The outlines of the spire in this form are distinctly concave. The columellar lamella is relatively small externally but becomes more prominent deeper within the aperture, contributing to the characteristic structure of the shell. Distribution This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on Lanai island.	2.171875
78639683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard%20Grimard	Édouard Grimard	Jean-Pierre Édouard Grimard (17 April 1827 - 24 March 1909) was a French writer, educator, and botanist. Biography Édouard Grimard was born in Lacépède (Lot-et-Garonne) on April 17, 1827. He was a close friend of the brothers Élisée Reclus and Élie Reclus. While studying at Montauban, Grimard lived with the Reclus brothers in a shared house four kilometers outside of the town and the three pursued independent studies there. On one occasion in 1849, Edouard, Élisée, and Élie walked from Montauban to the Mediterranean Sea without taking authorised leave from the school - leading, in part, to the expulsion of the Reclus brothers from the school. In 1851, he defended his thesis in theology at the Faculty of Protestant Theology of Strasbourg at the same time as Élie Reclus. His thesis was titled: "Man in the face of god, or on human individualiality". He received the degree of bachelor of theology. His thesis was titled: "Man in the face of god, or on human individualiality". Grimard was recorded as a witness to the birth of Élisée Reclus's first daughter on June 12, 1860, in Paris. Grimard taught at the Protestant College of Sainte-Foy-la-Grande from 1871 until 1881. In 1874, Grimard became a municipal councilor in Pineuilh. Grimard was then the director for the école normale at Toulouse from 1881 to 1896. Grimard wrote in journals including the Revue des Deux Mondes and the Magasin d'éducation et de récréation, publishing numerous works on botany. The writer Jules Verne used Grimard's work The Plant to discuss Australian flora as part of his novel In Search of the Castaways.	2.21875
78639886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeocursor	Archaeocursor	Archaeocursor (meaning "old runner") is an extinct genus of basal ornithischian dinosaurs from the Early Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of China. The genus contains a single species, A. asiaticus, known from a single femur. Archaeocursor represents the oldest and most basal ornithischian described from Asia. Discovery and naming The Archaeocursor holotype specimen, L01-HY999, was discovered in 2022 in outcrops of the Ziliujing Formation (Dongyuemiao Member) near Chongqing Central Park in Yubei District of Chongqing Municipality, China. The collection of this bone was part of an operation by the Southeast Sichuan Geological Team to salvage paleontological materials during construction in a residential area, and it is now accessioned in the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources. The specimen consists of an isolated nearly complete left femur. The specimen was first mentioned in a paper describing the fossil assemblage of the type locality (named the Yuzhou Biota), which represents a lacustrine ecosystem. Well-preserved specimens of diverse plants, invertebrates, fish, and pliosaurids are also represented in the outcrops. This assemblage represents a faunal turnover shortly following the end-Triassic extinction. The discovery of an ornithischian dinosaur in this context is notable; it likely happened to be washed into the lake after its death. After being announced in December 2024 as a non-finalized preprint, Yao et al. (2025) described Archaeocursor asiaticus as a new genus and species of early ornithischians based on this fossil specimen. The generic name, Archaeocursor, combines the Latin words archaeo, meaning "archaic" or "old" and cursor, meaning "runner". The specific name, asiaticus, is a Latin word meaning "from Asia". Archaeocursor is one of the only ornithischians known from the Early Jurassic of Asia, with the armored thyreophoran Yuxisaurus being one of the few others. It is the oldest and earliest-diverging named ornithischian from Asia. Description	2.546875
78640266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20E.%20Jeffreys	Joe E. Jeffreys	A 2019 article in The New York Post focused on the launch of Jeffreys’ semester-long course at The New School, “RuPaul’s Drag Race & Its Impact.” “I put this class together not only due to my love of drag performance but also to spark serious critical thought and analysis into something many people would poo-poo as not worthy of such deep concern,” Jeffreys said. That same year the full cast of RuPaul’s Drag Race season 11 made a surprise pit stop to the class. The full cast of season 12 visited the next year. Additional articles featuring Jeffreys as a drag expert have been published by Slate,Out, Popsugar.com,Food and Wine and The New York Times Magazine. Film and TV Jeffreys is featured as a commentator in the documentaries P.S. Burn This Letter Please (2021),Ruminations (2018)and In Search of Avery Willard (2012). CNN's The Whole Story with Anderson Cooper interviewed Jeffreys for the episode “Drag War.” Jeffreys was a consultant to the PBS American Masters web series Masters of Drag. The six-part 2021 miniseries PRIDE, which premiered on FX, included Jeffreys in the episode devoted to LGBT life in the 1960s. Jeffreys was a commentator and contributing videographer for the 2011 documentary Miss Rose Wood. Videographer In 2007—using a video camera gifted to him by the drag king and performance artist Shelly Mars, and acting upon the advice of drag queen Flawless Sabrina—Jeffreys began using video to capture and preserve drag performances. Robert Coddington introduced Jeffreys to the videos of Nelson Sullivan, and Jeffreys "immediately recognized the power of Sullivan’s videos to capture and preserve past performances," according to an article in Vice.	2
78640327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladonia%20grayi	Cladonia grayi	Cladonia grayi is a member of the C. chlorophaea group, a complex of morphologically similar lichens that some researchers have historically considered to be merely chemical variants of the same species. However, C. grayi maintains several distinguishing characteristics that support its status as a distinct species, including its podetia with surfaces (rarely heavily sorediate) and its characteristically dark colour. While C. grayi can be confused with related species, its closest look-alike is C. merochlorophaea, from which it can be distinguished by its smaller cups (scyphi) and less powdery surface texture. C. merochlorophaea typically displays more obvious powdery areas (soredia), especially in the central portions of its podetia. Another possible lookalike, C. rei, tends to have narrower cups than C. grayi, while C. pleurota can generally be differentiated by its overall yellow-green colour and reddish apothecia and pycnidia. However, due to the subtle nature of these morphological differences, definitive identification often requires thin-layer chromatography to analyze the specific lichen substances present. Cladonia grayi often produces abundant small, leaf-like squamules, which was historically recognised as the form squamulosa. While this squamulose form can be confused with C. asahinae, which also frequently develops squamules on its podetia, the two species can be readily distinguished by their different chemical compositions. When C. grayi lacks squamules entirely, it becomes very difficult to distinguish from C. merochlorophaea based on morphology alone, and chemical analysis becomes necessary for definitive identification. Development	2.71875
78640327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladonia%20grayi	Cladonia grayi	The development of a lichen symbiosis in Cladonia grayi involves five main stages: a pre-contact stage where chemical signalling occurs between the fungus and alga without physical contact, a contact stage where they first physically connect, an envelopment stage where fungal hyphae surround the algal cells, an incorporation stage forming an undifferentiated pre-thallus, and finally a differentiation stage producing the complex thallus structure. During these stages, both partners show coordinated changes in gene expression that facilitate their symbiotic relationship. Research has shown that C. grayi has a highly specific response when encountering its compatible photobiont Asterochloris. While the fungus can grow over various surfaces and organisms, it only displays a distinctive growth pattern involving increased lateral branching when it contacts Asterochloris cells. This selective response is part of the early contact stage of lichen development, though not all algal cells trigger this response, suggesting that factors like cell age may influence successful symbiotic initiation. When grown with other green algae like Chlorella vulgaris or Trentepohlia species that are never found associated with C. grayi in nature, the fungus shows no specialised growth response, demonstrating the specificity of the fungus-alga recognition system. The development of Cladonia grayi follows a distinct pattern that can be traced through the growth of its fungal meristem tissue. In early ontogeny, when the podetium (the erect ) is about 100 μm tall, it begins as an , vertically oriented mass of fungal tissue. The upper surface starts as a slightly concave disc composed primarily of meristematic tissue, with few loose hyphae or algal cells near the apex. As development continues, the meristem tissue thins toward the centre of the disc while the margin expands both outward and vertically.	2.671875
78640340	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%20Abas%20Katina	Mar Abas Katina	Movses of Khoren states that his work is based upon Armenian, Greek and Syrian sources, but his text as we now have it is based, for the most part, upon the work of a certain Mar Abas Katina (supposedly a Syrian writer) about whom very little is known and whose work has been lost. As a matter of fact this character is shrouded in such obscurity that his very existence has been questioned. Étienne Quatremère, writing in 1850, came out with the bold statement that Mar Abas Katina was a fictitious name, that there never lived such a Syrian writer; since Movses of Khoren's History is based upon the nonexistent work of a fictitious author, it is devoid of authenticity. This view of Quatremère was shared by two of his country men, Nicolas Fréret who wrote before, and Ernest Renan who wrote after him, while François Lenormant somewhat later (in 1871) was convinced that the said "fictitious author" was an actual writer of the Edessa School." The criticism of Quatremère, Fréret, and Renan was the first of a series that aimed at the very foundation of Movses of Khoren's History. Arshak the Great, according to Movses, after casting off the Macedonian yoke and conquering Assyria, set his brother, Vargharshak, on the throne of Armenia. So commences the Arsacid dynasty. The new king wished to know what kind of men had been ruling the country before him. Was he the successor of brave men or of bad men. He found an intelligent man, a Syrian, named Mar Abas Katina, and sent him to his brother, Arshak the Great, with this letter This Syrian (says the historian) found in the library at Nineveh a book translated from the Chaldean into Greek, by order of Alexander the Great, which contained various ancient histories. From this book Mar Abas copied only the authentic history of Armenia, which he took back to Vargharshak, who, esteeming this document his most precious treasure, preserved it with great care in his palace and engraved part of it on a stone monument.	2.09375
78640617	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttara%20Lake	Uttara Lake	Due to issues such as narrow sections of the 100-meter-wide lake, broken embankments obstructing pathways around it, accumulated garbage, and water pollution, the Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha decided to renovate the lake in 2013. The renovation project included rebuilding two bridges, constructing a culvert across the Sonargaon Janapath, creating and preserving walkways along the lake, removing waste, and dredging the lake. Although a budget of was allocated in 2014 with a two-year timeline for completion, the master plan was prepared during the 2016–2017 fiscal year, and renovation work officially began in November 2017. However, in 2018, authorities decided on a new renovation project worth , which included additional features such as public toilets, a water deck, a hanging deck, a gymnasium, fountains, drinking water facilities, and an open stage. Later, the new plan was scrapped, and the completion of the original renovation project was set for 2019. Due to delays, the timeline was extended by another year. By 2020, 20% of the renovation work was still incomplete, leading to an increase in the project cost to and an extended timeline until 2023. The project was later scaled down to include only embankment stabilization and dredging to increase the lake's depth. Following recommendations from the consulting firm Data Expert Limited, concrete blocks were used to pave the lakebed and embankments. The timeline was further extended to June 2025. In 2024, allegations were made against the renovation contractor, Convoice, for illegally selling excavated soil from the lake.	1.929688
78640954	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Permanent	Canada Permanent	Canada Permanent was the collective name for the Canada Permanent Mortgage Corporation and its subsidiary the Canada Permanent Trust Company. The company was formed in 1855 in Toronto by John Herbert Mason (1827–1911). In 1899, Permanent merged with Western Canada Loan and Savings, Freehold Loan and Savings, and the London and Ontario Investment Company. On 10 July 1899, the operations of the four companies were amalgamated into a new corporation called the Canada Permanent and Western Canada Mortgage Corporation. In 1903, it was renamed the Canada Permanent Mortgage Corporation. In 1913, Canada Permanent Mortgage incorporated a subsidiary trust company called the Canada Permanent Trust Company. By the 1980s, Canada Permanent was the country's fourth largest mortgage loan and trust company, after Canada Trust, Royal Trust, and National Trust. In 1981, Canada Permanent was acquired by Genstar. Then, in September 1985, Genstar acquired Canada Trust. On 31 December 1985, Genstar merged Canada Permanent's operations into Canada Trust, creating the country's sixth-largest financial institution. To complete the merger, Canada Permanent Mortgage was merged into Canada Trustco (formerly Huron & Erie, the holding company of Canada Trust), while Canada Permanent Trust merged into Canada Trust. In 2000, the Toronto-Dominion Bank acquired Canada Trust.	1.953125
78641015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%202672	NGC 2672	NGC2672 is a elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Cancer. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is , which corresponds to a Hubble distance of . Additionally, 11 non-redshift measurements give a distance of . It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 14 March 1784. The SIMBAD database lists NGC 2672 as an Active Galaxy Nucleus Candidate, i.e. it has a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars. NGC 2672 is listed with the galaxy NGC 2673 as Holm 99 in Erik Holmberg's A Study of Double and Multiple Galaxies Together with Inquiries into some General Metagalactic Problems, published in 1937. These two galaxies are also listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp167, with the description "Comp. galaxy very condensed, has curved plume." Another study indicates that the two galaxies are interacting and NGC 2673 has two tidal plumes, while NGC 2672 is only weakly disturbed. Supernova One supernova has been observed in NGC 2672: SN1938B (type unknown, mag. 15.5) was discovered by Arno Wachmann in 1938.	2.5
78641143	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus%20ciancioi	Pyrus ciancioi	Pyrus ciancioi, the pero di Ciancio or Ciancio's pear, is a species of pear in the rose family Rosaceae. It is, together with P. sicanorum, P. vallis-demonis, P. castribonensis and P. pedrottiana, one of five pear species endemic to Sicily. Having been described only in 2012, only about 15 mature individuals are known. Taxonomy Pyrus ciancioi is morphologically similar to P. communis, P. pyraster, P. spinosa and P. sicanorum in having a frequently persistent calyx, indicating a close evolutionary affinity. It was described by a team of researchers in 2012, and named after the Italian scientist . Description Pyrus ciancioi is a spiny tree of more than height. The leaves are lanceolate and long, with entire to slightly serrated margins and long petioles. Young leaves are more strongly pubescent on the underside than older leaves. The white flowers appear in corymbs in early April. The fruit is small () and brownish, and the calyx often persists. Distribution and ecology The species is known only from the Nebrodi Mountains in northeast Sicily, near the town of Floresta (Province of Messina). It occurs in hedges on quartz-arenite soils.	2.140625
78641213	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%27s%20House%20%28Bucknell%20University%29	President's House (Bucknell University)	The President's House is a building in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States. It was built in 1855 by Reverend Justin R. Loomis, Professor of Natural Sciences at the University at Lewisburg (now Bucknell University) and the school's president. The home, which stands at the corner of University Avenue and Loomis Street, was purchased by the school in 1878. Its first occupant from that point was David J. Hill, who became the school's president in 1879. In 1888, two years after the school was renamed Bucknell University, the trustees considered constructing a new President's House, but instead decided to remodel the extant structure. It was designed by Wilson Brothers and Company of Philadelphia, and William Bucknell donated $5,000 toward the project. Elms and other trees were planted in the garden by acting president Dr. George G. Groff in 1889. The home was modernized in 1964. A glassed-in family room was added behind the house (when viewed from University Avenue), facing Bucknell Hall. It was surrounded by an extensive terrace with shrubbery. Twenty years later, the building's exterior was sandblasted to restore its original red brick. It original trim was also restored. In the 21st century, the home's sunroom was demolished and updated.	2.0625
78641545	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balbriggan%20Lifeboat%20Station	Balbriggan Lifeboat Station	Balbriggan Lifeboat Station was located latterly under the railway arches on Quay Street, in Balbriggan, a town in Fingal, historically County Dublin, on the east coast of Ireland. A lifeboat station was first established at Balbriggan in 1875 by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). Balbriggan Lifeboat Station was closed in 1898. History Ever since its founding in 1824, the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS), later to become the RNLI in 1854, would award medals for deeds of gallantry at sea, even if no lifeboats were involved. When the barque Young England of Glasgow was wrecked on Carabates Rocks near Balbriggan coastguard station, on 14 November 1852, whilst on passage from Singapore to Liverpool, Chief Officer William Barrett, H.M. Coastguard, Balbriggan, along with his son William, and the Rev. Alexander Synge, were instrumental in the rescue of 16 of the 18 crew. All three were awarded the RNIPLS Silver Medal. On the 27 February 1875, the barque Bell Hill was wrecked at Balbriggan, on passage from Liverpool to Valparaiso. An RNLI lifeboat had been stationed at since 1854. It is not known if the lifeboat, stationed just away, was ever summoned. 24 of the 25 crew of the Bell Hill were lost. The wreck of the Bell Hill prompted the placement of a lifeboat at Balbriggan. a 30-foot self-righting 'Pulling and Sailing' (P&S) lifeboat, one with sails and 6-oars, which was dispatched to Balbriggan in November 1875, arriving on station on 23 December 1875, along with its transporting carriage. A new boathouse was constructed, in the shadow of the Balbriggan Martello tower, complete with slipway. The lifeboat had been provided by the gift of Mrs Langworthy of Manchester, and in accordance with her wishes, was named Maid of Annan.	2.296875
78641631	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina%20Jastarnia	Gmina Jastarnia	Gmina Jastarnia is an urban and rural municipality in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, within Puck County, on the Hel Peninsula. Its seat of government is in the town of Jastarnia. It has an area of 7.8 km2, and in 2021, it had a population of 3,554 people. History On 1 January 1973, the urban-type settlement of Jastarnia received the statues of the town, and became an urban municipality. On 1 January 2017, it was changed to an urban and rural municipality, after villages of Kuźnica and Jurata were separated from the town. Administration The steat of its government is located in the town of Jastarnia. It also includes villages of Kuźnica and Jurata. With the area of 7.8 km2, it is the smallest urban and rular municipality in the country. It is governed by the municipal council with 15 members. Demography In 2021, the municipality was inhabited by 3,554 people, which was 3.96% of the population of the county. 54.7% of its population were Kashubian, and 23.6% spoke Kashubian language. In 2002, it had the largest percentage population of Kashubians out of all municipalities in Poland.	2.125
78641648	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20H.%20Diers	William H. Diers	William Henry Diers (born Ulysses, Nebraska, May 27, 1890; died Lincoln, Nebraska, May 2, 1982) was an American Democratic party politician, businessman, and public servant. He served as Speaker of the unicameral Nebraska legislature in 1939. Family Diers was the son of Martha (Barnes) Diers (1862–1931) and Herman Diers (1860–1926), a banker and general store owner from Gresham, Nebraska. Herman served in the Nebraska House of Representatives 1901–1903 and the Nebraska Senate 1909–1911. William's younger brother Herbert Kenneth Diers (1896–1975) served five terms in the unicameral Nebraska Legislature (1950–1956, 1958–1962). William graduated from York High School in York, Nebraska and attended the University of Nebraska 1909–1911. He and his brother continued to operate the family store following their father's death in 1926. Career A Democrat, William was elected to the Nebraska House in 1933 and 1935. The Nebraska legislature became unicameral with the 1936 elections, and he was elected in 1936 and 1938. In the 1939 session he was elected Speaker. In 1940 Diers ran for Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska. He won a narrowly divided five-way Democratic party primary with 23.85% of the vote but was defeated in the general election by Republican William E. Johnson. He then went to work as a lobbyist. In 1947 Diers was appointed by Republican governor Val Peterson to the State Board of Control which operated the state's prisons and mental hospitals. The three members of the board had just resigned due to a scandal, and Peterson selected Diers over the candidate proposed by the Democratic state committee, Frank Sorrell, his opponent in the 1946 gubernatorial election. Diers was elected vice chairman and later chairman. He served on the board until 1955. Diers was a candidate for lieutenant governor again in 1964 and received 4.36% of the vote in a crowded Democratic primary.	2.21875
78641817	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macey%20Hodge	Macey Hodge	Macey Kamryn Hodge (born May 4, 2001) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Angel City FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She played college soccer for the Mississippi State Bulldogs, where she was named first-team All-American and the Southeastern Conference (SEC) Midfielder of the Year in 2024. Early life and college career Hodge was raised in Douglasville, Georgia, with two sisters; her mother, Kandi Vaughn; and her stepfather, Michael. She began playing soccer with Southern Soccer Academy at age eight. She attended Robert S. Alexander High School, where she was named the most valuable player on the soccer team in her freshman, sophomore, and senior years. She was rated as a two-star recruit by TopDrawerSoccer and committed to Vanderbilt after her sophomore year, but shortly before graduating in 2019, she decided to put her mental health first and quit the sport. She felt anxiety partly due to her birth father's struggle with addiction, which often made him absent from her life, and her sister's kidney disease diagnosis, from which she later recovered. Hodge enrolled in the University of West Georgia after high school and got a job as a cashier at Kroger. Within a semester, however, she felt ready to return to soccer and transferred to Mississippi State, where her club coach knew several assistants, at the start of 2020. Mississippi State Bulldogs	2.0625
78642010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter%20Farde	Pieter Farde	Journey to Congo Pieter continued his journey without food or water, sleeping in high trees at night to avoid wild animals. On the third day without food, he came across a tree "with fruits like wild figs, but they were not that." Desperate from starvation, he ate some of the fruit. Shortly after, he began to "feel such cramps and great pain in my stomach as if I had taken poison." Writhing in pain, he lay under the tree for hours, unable to move. Just before sunset, a large caravan passed by. The caravan, consisting of about 200 camels and 50 elephants, was returning to the Congo from Hausaland. The caravan's leader took pity on Pieter and ordered that he be placed atop one of the elephants to rest. Pieter was fed and nursed back to health by the caravan members. After a week of rest, he had recovered fully and joined the caravan on foot. The caravan leader frequently spoke to Pieter about 'Brachmanni' and always pointed to the east during their conversations. Pieter guessed that he was originally from India and a follower of Brahmanism. After about two months of traveling, the caravan arrived at its destination, the Kingdom of Congo. Pieter stayed with the caravan leader at his home for two weeks before continuing his journey to Luanda, where he found a ship preparing to sail to St. George d'Elmina. Three days into the voyage, on 29 December 1688, the ship was capsized by a storm. Pieter survived by clinging to floating planks and drifted alone at sea for three days until he reached a small rocky reef. For eleven months, Pieter survived on the reef by collecting rainwater in a crevice and eating fish trapped in the rocky pools by the receding tide.	2.953125
78642239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%20Sports%20Motocross	Disney Sports Motocross	Disney Sports Motocross is a 2003 motocross racing video game for the Game Boy Advance developed by Jupiter Corporation and published by Konami. The game is the final of a series of Disney-licensed sports titles under the Disney Sports brand. The game is a motocross game in which players can race as Disney licensed characters, including Mickey Mouse, across seven stages. Upon release, Disney Sports Motocross received a mixed reception, with reviewers praising the game's graphics, and critiquing the game's lack of variety in courses, confusing controls and visual design, and difficulty. Gameplay Single player modes include a tournament mode named the Championship Cup, in which players complete six courses with different laps and heats, as well as Time Attack, Score Attack, Exhibition, minigames and tutorials. The game also supports local multiplayer for up to four players using the Game Link Cable. Races take place across seven courses, and players can select one of six Disney characters (Mickey, Minnie, Donald, Daisy, Goofy, and Pete) to race, each with different attributes. Players control their racer with the D-Pad and the buttons to accelerating and use a limited turbo boost. Players improve their performance in the race by collecting gems and performing tricks of increasing difficulty levels once enough gems are collected. Successfully performing tricks will fill a meter that boosts the player's speed, and high-level tricks can slow down other racers. Performing well in races grants item that enhances attributes to improve performance in later races. Minigames include "Tire Panic", a steering challenge avoiding incoming tires, "Rock Crush", requiring the player to bounce off boulders, and "Brake or Splash!", making the player stop as close as possible to the end of a pier. Reception	2.078125
78642309	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farewell%20to%20the%20Homeland	Farewell to the Homeland	The polonaise Farewell to the Homeland (; ) in A minor is a composition for solo piano, commonly attributed to the Polish composer and politician Michał Kleofas Ogiński. This piece was allegedly written around 1794, after the Kościuszko Uprising, which the composer participated in. Farewell to the Homeland is extremely popular and recognizable in Poland and Belarus. However, there is no known autograph manuscript bearing the composer's signature. There are also no sources to confirm that the date of composition is 1794. The earliest piano arrangement of the piece is from 1831, signed by Kasper Napoleon Wysocki. Authenicity Though the piece is commonly attributed to Ogiński, neither the autograph manuscript nor the piano publications during the composer's lifetime have survived or been found. There have also been no mentions of the polonaise in his Letters of Music (1828), where he mentioned other popular compositions of his. The earliest piano version of the polonaise, , coming from the print , was signed by Kasper Napoleon Wysocki. The Polish name and the French only appeared in the 1860s, after the composer's death. The French name was likely given by Antoni Kocipiński in 1859, while the Polish name was given by Józef Kaufmann after 1860. Ogiński's name appeared in the 1855 arrangement, edited by Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński and published by Rudolf Friedlein in Warsaw. Though Agnieszka Leszczyńska initially considered Kasper Napoleon Wysocki to be the real creator of this polonaise attributed to Michał Kleofas Ogiński, findings by Wojciech Gurgul revealed three earlier arrangements of Farewell to the Homeland, one in 1829, another in 1836, and one in 1837. Two of these were for the Russian seven-string guitar, while one was for the Spanish guitar.	2.0625
78642765	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Wilkes%20%28footballer%29	Charles Wilkes (footballer)	On 19 February 1899, Charles Wilkes started as a midfielder alongside his brother Alfred (defender) in the semifinals of the 1899 USFSA Football Championship against Iris Club Lillois at the Parc des Princes, which only lasted 45 minutes due to organizational problems (0–0), and following the withdrawals of Lillois and then Club Français in the final, Le Havre was proclaimed the French champions, becoming the first club to do so without having played a single game. On 29 April 1900, Charles and Alfred Wilkes started in the final of the 1900 Challenge International du Nord against Club Français in Tourcoing, and even though one of the Wilkes left the field due to injury, Le Havre still won 3–2 after extra-time. In the following week, on 6 May, both of them started in the 1900 USFSA Football Championship final against Club Français, helping their side to a 1–0 victory, thus achieving their third consecutive victory in finals, all against Club Français. In the following years, however, they lost the final of the 1901 USFSA Championship to Standard AC (1–1 and 1–6), and were semifinalist in 1902 and 1903. The club was then undermined by dissensions, losing a good part of its best players, including the Wilkes brothers, who left to found rival clubs, such as . In November 1905, Charles slammed the door when his captain, William Taylor, ordered him to play in the midfield, while he himself wanted to play as center forward. This incident provides good hints about the personality of Charles: A strong-willed man, used to commanding and not being commanded. In October 1906, a French newspaper states that "Wilkes, long considered the pillar of HAC, has just moved to Le Havre Sports, where he is still the star". In 1911, the 32-year-old Wilkes hung up his boots to devote himself to his second passion, aeronautics. International career	1.984375
78642802	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait%20of%20Cardinal%20Dubois	Portrait of Cardinal Dubois	Portrait of Cardinal Dubois is a 1723 portrait painting by the French artist Hyacinthe Rigaud depicting Cardinal Guillaume Dubois. Dubois served as Chief minister of France during the Régence era. Following the death of Louis XIV, in 1715 his successor Louis XV was still a child and so a regency was formed under his cousin Duke of Orleans until the young king came of age in 1723. Dubois, as the former tutor of the Duke, was made his chief minister (effectively a forerunner of the post-1814 office of prime minister). A notable policy was the Anglo-French Alliance of 1716, a pact with France's previous enemies Great Britain. Duuring his time in office the Cellamare conspiracy was thwarted. In the tradition of Richelieu and Mazarin he combined the role of a statesman and clergyman. In 1721 he was elevated to the position of cardinal by Pope Innocent XIII. He still held office at his death in August 1723 at Versailles. The books shown on the desk besides are notable legal works. He wears a wrap of scarlet silk with a shorter fur cape and holds a letter marked "Au Roy" (To the King). Today the painting is in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art in Ohio.	2.40625
78643306	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2077191	HD 77191	HD 77191 is a spectroscopic binary composed of a Sun-like variable star and a probable red dwarf, located in the zodiac constellation of Cancer. It has the variable-star designation HL Cancri (abbreviated to HL Cnc). With an apparent magnitude of 8.88, it is too faint to be seen by the naked eye but observable using binoculars as a yellow-hued dot of light. It is located at a distance of according to Gaia EDR3 parallax measurements, and is receding farther away from the Sun at a heliocentric radial velocity of 7.10 km/s. The star is part of the Castor stream, a moving group of young stars that includes some of the brightest stars in the night sky, such as Castor, Fomalhaut, and Vega. Stellar properties The primary star is a G-type main-sequence star with the spectral type G0V, almost identical to the Sun in mass, effective temperature, and metallicity, but approximately 7% smaller in radius. Its spectrum shows clear signs of high stellar activity and a strong lithium doublet spectral line at wavelength 6707.8 Å, indicative of its youth, with an estimated age of . Accordingly, the star displays large starspots, which are responsible for slight variations in its brightness, first discovered in 2000 with a mean amplitude of about 0.025 mag and a period of (which is also the star's rotation period). Hence, the star is classified as a BY Draconis variable. Data collected by Hipparcos suggested that the star was single, but radial velocity observations via the Coravel spectrograph at the University of Cambridge yielded a 44-day period orbit for a binary companion. By matching the primary's rotational velocities measured through Doppler broadening and its photometric period, the mass of the unseen secondary star is placed at roughly 0.38 , making it likely a red dwarf.	2.046875
78643367	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20M.%20Bishop	Charles M. Bishop	Charles McTyeire Bishop (February 2, 1862 – November 30, 1949) was an American academic administrator, college professor, and Methodist minister. He was a president of Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas. Bishop was also the founder of Alpha Chi collegiate honor society. Early life Bishop was born in Jefferson, North Carolina, on February 2, 1862. His parents were Mary (née Shannon) and B. W. S. Bishop, a prominent minister with the Holston Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He had a brother, David, who became a professor at the University of Mississippi. Bishop attended Emory and Henry College where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon. He also graduated from Southwestern University. He earned a Doctor of Divinity degree. Career Clergy Bishop was a Methodist minister. He became the pastor of the Melrose Methodist Church in Kansas City, Missouri, in January 1890. In January 1894, he was pastor of the Lexington Methodist Episcopal Church in Lexington, Missouri. He was pastor of the Brooklyn Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church (South) in Kansas City in 1896. He was the pastor the Francis Street Methodist Church in St. Joseph, Missouri in 1903, where he started a campaign against crime. He became the co-president of St. Joseph's Ministerial Alliance in 1904. In 1909, he was pastor of the First Methodist Church in Columbia, Missouri. In 1910, he moved to Fort Worth, Texas, serving in the North Texas Conference. Bishop was the pastor of St. Paul's Methodist Church in Houston, Texas, from 1921 to 1924. Academia Bishop served on the board of curators of Central College in 1906. In April 1909, Bishop presented the Cole Lectures at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Bishop was elected the president of Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas, on June 9, 1911. His inauguration was December 12, 1911. Bishop left the university's presidency in 1921.	2.109375
78643695	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28Plastov%20painting%29	Spring (Plastov painting)	The contemporary researcher Tatiana Plastova pointed out that the plasticity of the figure goes back to the type of sculptural composition Crouching Aphrodite (2nd century BC, Doidalsas), examples of which are Lely Venus (British Museum). Sculptural versions were popular in the 16th and 17th centuries; pictorial versions are less common, although they were copied by Rubens and Cézanne. Plastov made changes to the pose: he straightened the figure, changed the position of the arms, which gave her pride, and covered part of the body with hair. He combined two models of perspective — for the landscape and for the scene in the anteroom, making the landscape of Prislonikha a key part of the canvas and a metaphor. According to Tatiana Plastova, the artist tried to create an ideal image of the Venus of Heaven without sensuality in the spirit of Titian. The painting is also comparable to Tintoretto's Susanna, where purity and righteousness are expressed through the perfection of nudity. Tatiana Plastova proposed another version in her book Arkady Plastov's Country and World (2018). In it, she argues that the heroines of most of the artist's lyrical paintings — the list of which, quoted by the researcher in the book, includes Spring — reflect a special type of Russian woman, "the plastic prototype of which was the image of Natalia Alekseevna, his wife". In an article in 2020, Tatiana Plastova has already written that in the painting Spring the artist tried to create a "formula of the ideal body". Therefore, the question of the prototype of the protagonist is difficult. If the girl had a prototype in the person of Nina Sharymova, the woman can be recognized as the painter's wife in her youth, and his fellow villager Anna Kondratyeva, who posed for one of the preparatory sketches. In both cases, the similarity of the portraits is reduced.	2.015625
78643695	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20%28Plastov%20painting%29	Spring (Plastov painting)	Tatiana Plastova in her book Plastov (2011) expresses that the artist managed to reflect the ideal of physical and spiritual beauty, which is unattainable in real life. The coldly detached, touching image of a child and the simplicity of the plot place the painting on a pedestal of pure joy and chaste love, and the title Spring emphasizes its metaphorical nature. Later, in a 2018 book, Plastova called Spring the embodiment of Titian's Heavenly Love, contrasting it with the earthly beginnings personified by Aristide Maillol's sculptures and Plastov's earlier works, such as Tractor Woman (1943—1944). She attributed the painting's background to the influence of Dmitri Arkhangelsky, noting that it represented an archetype of Russian landscape without contingency. Plastova emphasized the "poetry" of the 1950s, including Spring, and contrasted it with the tragic and triumphant paintings of other periods. The artist used two perspectives, one for the landscape and one for the lower part of the canvas, which avoided naturalistic deformation of the body. Photographic studies helped to choose the optimal horizon and point of view, transforming a domestic subject into a metaphorical work close to the "eventless genre".	2.125

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