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75659500
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20A.%20Rothschild%20%26%20S%C3%B6hne
|
M. A. Rothschild & Söhne
|
After Amschel's death in 1855, the management of the bank officially passed to his nephews Mayer Carl von Rothschild (1820–1886) and Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild (1828–1901), both of which had been partners since 1852. From then on, the bank was managed prudently but increasingly lost prominence against more dynamic competitors, whether private banking houses or the growing number of joint-stock institutions. M. A. Rothschild & Söhne still partnered with Vienna-based S. M. von Rothschild, the Rothschild-controlled Creditanstalt, and Berlin-based Disconto-Gesellschaft, as well as (albeit later on) the Darmstädter Bank. In 1889, it also participated in the foundation of the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank in Shanghai.
With the death of Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild in 1901, the Frankfurt Rothschilds' male line was extinguished and the bank went into an orderly liquidation process. The business was taken over by the Disconto-Gesellschaft and formed the basis for its Frankfurt branch. Most of the bank's archives were destroyed in 1901 on the orders of the surviving members of the Rothschild family.
| 2.125
| 0
|
75659622
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceria%20cynodoniensis
|
Aceria cynodoniensis
|
Aceria cynodoniensis, the bermudagrass mite, is widely distributed, but only infests bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and its hybrids. It lives and develops under the leaf sheaths of its host plant. Infestations of the mite can cause destructive damage to bermudagrass turf and it is often regarded as a harmful pest.
Distribution
Originally described from Egypt, it has been also reported from southern parts of Europe, other parts of Africa, North- and Central America and Australia. In North America it was first recorded in 1959 in Arizona and is now mainly found in southern States.
Biology
The adult female of A. cynodoniensis ranges from 165 to 210 μm in length and has a worm-like body with 2 pairs of legs. The female lays eggs inside the leaf sheaths of bermudagrass. Like other eriophyid mites, the species is arrhenotokous, meaning that unfertilized eggs become males and fertilized eggs become females. After hatching, the mite passes through 2 nymphal stages (protonymph and deutonymph) before moulting to the adult stage.
A female mite produces around 50 eggs during its life. These are round and very small, about 60 μm in diameter. They hatch after 2–3 days. The development from egg to adult mite can be completed in 5–6 days but may last up to 2 weeks under unfavourable conditions. Therefore, there are typically multiple generations per year. The mites can tolerate temperatures up to 120 °F [49 °C], but go into diapause during the winter. Over short distances, mites disperse passively by floating through the air, assisted by wind. Over longer distance the mites spread through the transport of infested bermudagrass.
Damage and management
The feeding activities of the mite induces deformations (witch's brooms), stunting, thinning and eventually patches of turf die off. The damage reduces the aesthetic and recreational value of managed bermudagrass. Mite damage increases in dryer years but decreases in wetter years and is usually most severe in spring when new tillers are formed.
| 2.96875
| 0
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75659753
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20Institute%20for%20Rubber%20Technology
|
German Institute for Rubber Technology
|
The German Institute for Rubber Technology. is a publicly funded nonprofit organization, based in Hanover Germany, whose purpose is the advancement of applied research in rubber technology. The mission includes both the chemical and physical behavior of rubber, and the reduction to practice of applications. It has been noted for producing many of the scientists working in the German rubber industry. It has been noted for its leadership in the tire industry on the topic of tire wear particles in the environment.
History
The institute was founded in 1981 on the initiative of the German rubber industry and the Lower Saxony Ministry of Economics, Labor, and Transport (ADK) with Dr. Gottfried Pampus as its initial director. The founding of the institute occurred during a period of expansion in Germany of 3rd party funding by means of institutionalized collaboration between academia and private industry. In 2004, a 1.5 million Euro expansion was made to add seminar rooms and a library. In 2010, a 3.6 Million Euro floor space expansion was opened. It is a founding member of the European Research & Rubber Laboratories (ERRLAB) initiative. In 2011, it established a Rubber Excellence Partnership with Lanxess and Qingdao University of Science and Technology. It organizes a Fall Rubber Colloquium annually
Notable researchers
Anke Blume
Ulrich Giese - director of DIK from 2010-present
Manfred Klüppel
Robert Schuster - director of DIK from 1992-2010
| 2.0625
| 0
|
75659955
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%202024%20United%20Kingdom%20budget
|
March 2024 United Kingdom budget
|
The March 2024 United Kingdom budget was delivered to the House of Commons by Jeremy Hunt, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, on 6 March 2024. It was the second budget presented by Hunt since his appointment as Chancellor, the last to be delivered during his tenure as chancellor and the last budget to be presented by the Conservative government of Rishi Sunak before the party was defeated by Labour in the 2024 general election.
In the budget, Hunt abolished the non-dom tax status, reduced employee's national insurance by 2%, froze alcohol and fuel duties, increased tobacco and vapes duties, extended the oil and gas windfall tax, increased the child benefit threshold, announced further energy measures, announced further levelling-up funding, reduced capital gains tax by 4%, extended the Household Support Fund and increased the VAT threshold to £90,000 for small businesses, and kept income tax personal allowances at the same level (fiscal drag)
The Budget announced the "biggest ever funding boost from government" for renewable energy. Further funding for science and technology investment were announced, with more investment to come from the private sector. The budget announced more measures to protect farmers with the agricultural property relief.
Background
The date of the March 2024 budget was confirmed by HM Treasury on 27 December 2023. It was the last budget to be presented before the next general election.
During the 2023 autumn statement, Hunt reduced National Insurance by 2% and announced tax relief for businesses. In January 2024 he hinted that he may seek to announce further tax cuts in the forthcoming budget, describing countries with lower taxes as having more "dynamic, faster growing economies". But suggested a few weeks later there was likely to be less scope for tax cuts in the budget than had been the case during the 2023 autumn statement.
| 1.96875
| 0
|
75660305
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksa%20Shatkivsky
|
Oleksa Shatkivsky
|
Shatkivsky died in Lviv on 28 June 1979, and is buried in the Lychakiv Cemetery, plot No. 32. The gravestone was designed by Theodosia Bryzh.
In 1981, a large posthumous exhibition of his works took place in Lviv and Ternopil.
Works
Oleksa Shatkivsky's works are housed in the Lviv and Lutsk art galleries, the National Union of Artists of Ukraine in Kyiv, the National Museum of Poland in Warsaw, and private collections.
His numerous paintings depict landscapes of Volhynia, the Carpathians, and Lviv, paintings for the 100th anniversary of Taras Shevchenko's death (1961), and many lithographs and engravings.
Shatkivsky's creativity is marked by features of impressionism and belongs to the post-impressionism movement that emerged in the 1880s. Artists of this movement sought visual impressions and aimed to convey the materiality of the world freely and abstractly, resorting to decorative stylization.
Retrospective exhibitions of Shatkivsky's works took place in Lviv in 1968, 2008 (dedicated to the centenary of his birth, at the Lviv National Museum), and in 2023 (Graphics of Oleksa Shatkivsky, LNMA, Lviv).
| 1.921875
| 0
|
71335814
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked%20Charcot%E2%80%93Marie%E2%80%93Tooth%20disease
|
X-linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
|
X-linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1: This subtype is characterized by childhood-onset progressive severe muscle weakness and atrophy of the distal lower limbs and intrinsic hand muscles, bilateral foot drop, high-arched feet, hyporeflexia or areflexia of the tendons, and variable sensory loss of the lower limbs. Symptoms slightly less common than these ones include sensorineural deafness and problems of the central nervous system. It is inherited in an X-linked dominant manner.
X-linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2: This subtype is characterized by infancy/childhood-onset progressive distal muscle weakness with atrophy that affects both lower and upper extremities (although it affects the lower extremities the most), high-arched feet, and areflexia of the tendons. Symptoms that are slightly less common than these ones include sensory loss and intellectual disabilities. It is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner.
X-linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 3: This subtype is characterized by childhood/adolescent-onset pain and numbness, progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy which begins in the lower limbs and spreads to the upper limbs, distal upper and lower limb pain sensation loss, high-arched feet, and areflexia or hyporeflexia of the distal tendons. Spastic paraparesis has also been reported. It is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner.
X-linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 4: This subtype is characterized by neonatal/early childhood-onset gradually progressive severe distal limb muscle weakness and atrophy (especially that affecting the peroneal muscles), sensory loss affecting upper and lower extremities (with the lower ones being affected the most), high-arched feet, generalized areflexia, and hammer toes. Sensorineural deafness and cognitive disabilities have been reported. It is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner.
| 2.609375
| 0
|
71336892
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20Noxolo
|
Patricia Noxolo
|
Patricia Noxolo is a British geographer who is a professor at the University of Birmingham. She is the Chair of the Society for Caribbean Studies.
Early life and education
Noxolo was born in Birmingham. She was an undergraduate student at the University of Manchester, where she studied French studies. She earned her doctorate at Nottingham Trent University, where she studied insecurity in Jamaican dancehall. She was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Birmingham and the University of Leicester.
Research and career
Noxolo was made a lecturer at the University of Birmingham in 2014. Her research considers postcolonial theories and cultural geography. In particular, she has focussed on British and Caribbean cultural practises. She led the Caribbean In/securities and Creativity (CARISCC) network, which was supported by Leverhulme Trust.
Noxolo was awarded the University of Birmingham teaching award in 2019. She was promoted to Professor in 2022, becoming one of very few Black professors in the United Kingdom.
Selected publications
| 2.25
| 0
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71338593
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll%20Never%20Tire%20of%20You
|
I'll Never Tire of You
|
"I'll Never Tire of You" is a 1941 big band song written by Richard Kollmar, Cy Walter and Jimmy Dobson. The song was copyrighted on September 6, 1941. It was recorded in New York City on November 12, 1941, by the Sam Donahue Orchestra as a RCA Victor - Bluebird 78 rpm single. There were four takes. The master recording was recorded in Studio 2. Victor matrix number is BS-068193. The label name and number is Bluebird B-11479. The Catalog number is B-11479-A. The format size of the master is 10 inches. Andy Blaine was the sole vocalist. (Blaine was also the vocalist for another well-liked Donahue song that was recorded on the same day that I'll Never Tire of You was recorded, Half a Heart is Worse Than None.)
The song on the other side of the I'll Never Tire of You recording is titled "Flo-Flo". It was also performed by the Sam Donahue Orchestra and was also recorded on the same day that I'll Never Tire of You was recorded. Flo-Flo was composed by Academy, Emmy and Tony Award winner Ralph Burns. According to an article in the LA Times, he admitted that he learned the most about jazz by transcribing the works of Count Basie, Benny Goodman and Duke Ellington.
| 2.015625
| 0
|
71338606
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fay%20Chew%20Matsuda
|
Fay Chew Matsuda
|
Fay Chew Matsuda, born Fay Lai Chew (Chinese: 陈丽妃; pinyin: Chén Lìfēi; April 11, 1949 – July 24, 2020), was a Chinese American museum curator and activist. She directed the Museum of Chinese in America from 1997 to 2006.
Biography
Matsuda was born Fay Lai Chew, on April 11, 1949, in Manhattan to immigrants from Taishan, Guangdong. She grew up in East Village, Manhattan. Her father owned a hand-laundry north of the city in Ossining, New York, and a number of small businesses. Her mother was a garment worker on the Lower East Side. She graduated from Hunter College High School and received her BA in sociology from Barnard College in 1971. Her activism in the Chinese community in New York began in the Basement Workshop, an arts and activism organization that became a hub for the Asian American Movement on the East Coast. She later received her master's of social work from New York University.
Matsuda began her career as a social worker at Hamilton-Madison House, originally established in the Lower East Side to help acclimate Jewish and Italian immigrants and now serving a predominantly Asian and Latino constituency. She left to join the Chinatown History Project as executive director and was instrumental in transforming the project into the Museum of Chinese in America (MOCA). She later worked at the Chinatown Health Clinic, the Asian American Federation and the Brooklyn Children’s Museum. She was also a director of the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund during the 1980s and 1990s. Matsuda returned to MOCA to serve as executive director from 1997 to 2006. She then served as director of the Hamilton-Madison City Hall Senior Center before retiring in 2016.
Matsuda died on July 24, 2020, at her home in Sound Beach, New York, at age 71. She was married to Karl Matsuda. Together, they had one child, Amy Matsuda.
| 2.203125
| 0
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71338785
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Eastman
|
Gilbert Eastman
|
Gilbert Eastman (September 12, 1934 – December 2, 2006) was an American educator, actor, playwright, author, and television host. He acted in American Sign Language (ASL) plays and wrote many of them. Eastman taught and performed at the National Theatre of the Deaf (NTD), while writing and performing in many of their plays. In 1993, he won an Emmy Award for co-hosting the show Deaf Mosaic.
Personal life
Gilbert Eastman was born in Middletown, Connecticut, on September 12, 1934. Eastman attended the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. After graduating from there in 1952, he attended Gallaudet University, receiving a bachelor's degree in art in 1957. After Eastman graduated from Gallaudet University, he married a deaf actress named June Russi. He graduated from the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., with a master's degree in drama, with him being the first deaf person to receive that degree. In 1967, 1968, and 1971, Eastman studied during the summer with the National Theatre of the Deaf (NTD). He received an honorary doctorate in 2002 from Gallaudet University. Eastman died from cancer on December 2, 2006.
Career
Teaching and media
Eastman was invited by David Hays to instruct a non-verbal communication class at the NTD during the summer. Due to Hays not assigning an interpreter, Eastman created Visual Gestural Communication (VGC). VGC is a form of communication in which people who are deaf use "universal gestures, facial expressions, body language, and pantomime to communicate." He taught in Gallaudet's College Drama Department from 1957 to 1969 and was its chairman since 1963. Eastman wrote about VGC in the 1989 book From Mime to Sign. He wrote a biography about Laurent Clerc, the first deaf person to teach in the United States. Eastman wrote What in 1982, followed by Aladdin and His Magic Lamp in 1983. He began co-hosting the Gallaudet University news program Deaf Mosaic during the late 1980s and he won an Emmy Award for the show in 1993.
| 2.234375
| 0
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71340188
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Tartar%20%281702%29
|
HMS Tartar (1702)
|
HMS Tartar was a 32-gun fifth rate built by the Woolwich Dockyard in 1702. Her initial commissioning was in time for the War of the Spanish Succession. She partook in the Battle of Velez Malaga in 1704. She spent the rest of her career on counter piracy and trade protection patrols. She was rebuilt as a 20-gun sixth rate in 1733. She was finally broken in 1755.
She was the first vessel to carry this name in the English and Royal Navy.
She was awarded the battle honour Velez Malaga 1704.
Construction and specifications
She was ordered on 7 April 1702 to be built at Woolwich Dockyard under the guidance of Master Shipwright Fisher Harding. Her name was established on 7 September and she was launched on 12 September 1702. Her dimensions were a gundeck of with a keel of for tonnage calculation with a breadth of and a depth of hold of . Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 420 tons (burthen).
The gun armament initially was four demi-culverins on the lower deck (LD) with two pair of guns per side. The upper deck (UD) battery would consist of between twenty and twenty-two 6-pounder guns with ten or eleven guns per side. The gun battery would be completed by four 4-pounder guns on the quarterdeck (QD) with two to three guns per side.
Commissioned service
| 2.078125
| 0
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71340902
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio%20Tinto%20massacre
|
Rio Tinto massacre
|
On February 4, 1888, Spanish civil guards fired on a crowd of protesting Rio Tinto Company mineworkers in Zalamea, killing 13 and injuring 35.
Background
In early 1888, Anti-Smoke League agriculturalists and Rio Tinto workers came together to protest the company practice of open-air pyrite calcination in blast furnaces. It was an unlikely alliance, as the Anti-Smoke League desired an end to calcination, based on what the toxic fumes did to local farmland, but the workers understood its necessity and were willing to accept recompense in exchange for periods when smoke prevented normal work. The anarchist protest leaders held that they shared more important long-term goals, however, of deposing foreign capitalist interests, and used the issue of fumes to stand a class-based opposition to Rio Tinto. Beginning in January, the Anti-Smoke League funded the militant anarchist Maximiliano Tornet, formerly of Cuba, to roil the workers to action, resulting in demands for improved pay and conditions. Other area anarchist groups pledged their support to protest against the company.
Protest and massacre
At noon on February 4, 1888, several thousand rank and file—agriculturalists, anarchists, and mikeworkers—marched from Zalamea to the Rio Tinto town hall (ayuntamiento) to deliver their petitions to the mayor. While the mayor spoke with the crowd's representatives, the Huelva military governor and civil guards watched over the protest. The military governor's attempts to disperse the crowd only incensed it further. The civil guards, under perceived threat of mob violence, fired on the crowd, killing 13 and injuring 35. Other casualty estimates vary widely. One counts 45 dead and 70–100 wounded.
Aftermath and legacy
| 2.46875
| 0
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71341313
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulken-Karoy
|
Ulken-Karoy
|
Ulken-Karoy or Ulken Karaoy, meaning "Big Karoy" (; or Большой Карой —Bolshoy Karoy), is a salt lake in Akzhar District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan.
The lake lies about to the northwest of the northern end of larger Siletiteniz lake. to the east lies lake Teke. The nearest inhabited localities are Kulykol and Talshik.
Geography
Lying in the southern part of the Ishim Plain, south of the Russian border, Ulken-Karoy is one of the main lakes of the region. It is an endorheic lake sharing the same depression as lakes Teke in the east and Kishi-Karoy in the west. The lake is shallow and its bottom is muddy. The shores are flat. In years of drought Ulken-Karoy almost completely dries up and its water surface may decline to barely .
An enormous island occupies the middle of the lake. It is joined to the mainland in its southern part, except during periods of high water. In such periods the water of the lake becomes fresh.
Ulken-Karoy lake is surrounded by a strip of salt marshes. The Ashchisu and Karasu are the main rivers flowing into the lake.
| 2.109375
| 0
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71341575
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amhara%20Association%20of%20America
|
Amhara Association of America
|
August to September 2022 War Crimes in Raya Kobo
On September 24, 2022, AAA released a report on atrocities committed against Amhara civilians by TPLF forces in Raya Kobo Woreda in North Wollo Zone of Amhara Region. The report stated at least 53 Amhara civilians were killed by TPLF militants since the full-scale invasion of Raya Kobo on August 24, 2022. The report contained a list of 43 victims killed in various parts of Raya Kobo Woreda including Kobo, Aradom, Gobiye, Robit and surrounding towns. The victims were reportedly killed in various ways including by execution, shelling and in some cases when victims were used as human shields and killed in drone strikes. The report also detailed displacement of at least 12,777 residents from the town who were sheltered across 11 IDP shelters.
29 August to 1 September 2022 Agamsa Massacre
On September 16, 2022, AAA released an investigative report titled "'They Stole Our Tears' - The Agamsa Massacre of Amharas: Victims branded Victimizers" on the massacre of 61 Amhara civilians by the OLA which took place between August 29 and September 1, 2022, in and around Agamsa town in Amuru Woreda of Horo Guduru Wollega Zone in Ethiopia's Oromia Region. The OLA backed by Oromo militias and radical local Oromo youth (Qeerro) went door-to-door seeking out ethnic Amhara residents in the area and systematically killed them using firearms and bladed weapons. In Agamsa town, at least 50 ethnic Amhara civilians were killed and an additional 20 were abducted on Monday, August 29, 2022, but an additional 11 Amhara civilians were killed in the surrounding area. Prior to the English version of the report being released, an earlier Amharic version was released on September 12, 2022.
| 1.9375
| 0
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71342019
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes%20candalaga
|
Nepenthes candalaga
|
Nepenthes candalaga is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Mt. Candalaga, in the Municipality of Maragusan, Davao de Oro, island of Mindanao, Philippines. This bringing the total number of Nepenthes species in this island to 38, making Mindanao the island with the highest concentration of Nepenthes species in the Philippines. Nepenthes candalaga is closely allied to N. justinae but differs in having a lamina with 2 – 3 longitudinal veins that are parallel with the midrib (3 longitudinal veins in N. justinae). Additionally, the orbicular lid of the pitchers, the lid spur tip that is non-bifid, the triangular lid appendage, the short banner-shaped wings below the peristome that covers only a sixth of the trap's anterior eventually becoming ridges towards the trap base, and the absent upper pitcher rim that is widest near the peristome differentiates this species from N. justinae. The species is assessed as Critically endangered due to the threats of deforestation and habitat loss without legislative protection.
Etymology
The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the species, Mt. Candalaga in Maragusan, Davao de Oro, eastern Mindanao, Philippines. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.
Distribution and habitat
Populations of Nepenthes candalaga were observed only in the tropical upper montane rainforest of Mt. Candalaga in Maragusan, Davao de Oro, eastern Mindanao, Philippines at around 1800 – 2100 meters above sea level. The species was seen scrambling on neighboring plants for support, on tree branches up to 10 m high and on Oleandra sp. and is likely to be endemic to the mountain.
| 2.21875
| 0
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71342125
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianxin%20Cai
|
Tianxin Cai
|
Cai Tianxin (, born March 3, 1963, in Taizhou, Zhejiang) is a Chinese mathematician, poet and essayist noted for his books Mathematical Legends, A Brief History of Mathematics, Mathematics an Arts, A Modern Introduction to Classical Number Theory, Little memory: my Childhood in Mao’s Time, etc. He is a professor in the Mathematical School of Zhejiang University.
Early life and education
Cai was born in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province. He spent his childhood around 7 villages and one small town in southeastern China. He gained bachelor (1982), master (1984) and doctorate (1987) degrees at Shandong University, and his doctoral advisor was Pan Chengdong (), whose supervisor got Ph.D. in University of Oxford under the direct of E. C. Titchmarch. Cai became full professor in Hangzhou University in 1994, and full professor in Zhejiang University since 1998.
Research interests
Additive and multiplicative number theory, perfect numbers, congruence modulo integer power, Witten zeta values; history of mathematics, history of arts.
Writing and Publications
Cai has published more than 30 books of poetry, essays, travels, photograph, autobiography, popular mathematics and number theory. His work has been translated into more than 20 languages, and he has published more than 20 books worldwide. He has translated or edited 8 volumes of modern world poetry. He was selected by Herinrich and Jane Ledig-Rowohlt Foundation as a resident writer at the Chateau de Lavigny, Switzerland in 2007, a guest of the Arabic Capital of Culture in Baghdad, Iraq in 2014, and participated the International Writing Program in Iowa, USA in 2018.
Books
| 2.125
| 0
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71342531
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing%20cycling
|
Standing cycling
|
Standing cycling or cycling out of the saddle is a form of cycling in which the rider stands up while applying force to the pedals.
Muscle activation
One reason for cycling standing up is to vary the muscles used and avoid fatigue.
Efficiency and power output
Standing cycling is less efficient especially at lower intensities. One study found that both positions have equal time to exhaustion at 86 V̇O₂ max, while standing up had higher time to exhaustion above 94 percent V̇O₂ max. A 2018 study in elite male cyclists found that standing did not affect energy cost but increased mechanical cost including rolling resistance power, rolling resistance coefficient, and lateral sways, resulting in an overall 4.3 percent increase in power needed to maintain the same speed. A 2017 study found that people spontaneously stand up when cycling to minimize muscular effort.
Cycling standing up allows for greater power output in the short run because of the application of body weight to forward motion.
People whose bodies are lighter suffer lower efficiency cost from standing up, thus lighter professional riders such as Alberto Contador are more often seen standing up.
Type of bike used
Shorter crank lengths are more efficient with standing cycling compared to seated. Some bicycles are designed to be ridden standing up the entire time.
| 3.09375
| 0
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71342666
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20Trulli
|
Giovanni Trulli
|
Giovanni Trulli, latinized as Ioannes Trullius Verulanus (20 March 1599 – 27 December 1661), was an Italian surgeon, best known for examining Galileo's blindness. He taught surgery at the La Sapienza and worked at the Santo Spirito Hospital.
Trulli was born in Veroli where his father's name is recorded as Leonardo while a brother Stefano was also a physician whose son was also named Giovanni Trulli and worked in Sapienza as a lecturer of surgery. Trulli's education was in France and gained a reputation for lithotomy. He went to Rome where offered free surgery to the poor and the rent for his house was paid by Cardinal Francesco Barberini. He was also physician to Pope Urban VIII who he helped embalm after death, noting also gallstones and calcification of the left ventricle. He later served as physician for Pope Alexander VII. He may have been a contact between William Harvey and Francesco Barberini in 1636. Along with Paul Marquard Schlegel he made public demonstrations and openly defended the concept of blood circulation in 1651. Trulli was involved in several post mortems including those of Cardinals Orazio Giustiniani and Cornelio Melzi.
| 2.640625
| 0
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71342686
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabana-Merquly
|
Rabana-Merquly
|
Rabana-Merquly is a cluster of archaeological sites in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It consists of at least two separate fortified settlements, Rabana and Merquly, and at least two rock reliefs, probably all dating to the Middle Parthian period ( CE). It has been suggested that Rabana-Merquly was the site of ancient Natounia or Natounissarokerta, a city that is otherwise only known from coins.
History of research
Excavations by the Sulaimaniyah Directorate of Antiquities took place at Merquly in 2009. Rabana was studied in 2016-2017 by a team from Heidelberg University and the Iraqi-Kurdistan Directorate of Antiquities.
In June 2022, it was announced that researchers believe a rock relief was a king of Adiabene meaning a nearby fortress is the lost city of Natounia in the Kurdish region of Iraq.
According to Arab News, "researchers from the Directorate of Antiquities in Sulaymaniyah in Iraqi Kurdistan, together with Dr. Michael Brown of Germany’s Heidelberg University, say that the established fortification site of Rabana-Merquly could house the ruins of Natounia."
| 2.3125
| 0
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71342728
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardised%20Precipitation%20Evapotranspiration%20Index
|
Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index
|
The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is a multiscalar drought index based on climatic data. It was developed by Vicente-Serrano et al. (2010) at the Institute Pirenaico de Ecologia in Zaragoza, Spain. It can be used for determining the onset, duration and magnitude of drought conditions with respect to normal conditions in a variety of natural and managed systems such as crops, ecosystems, rivers, water resources, etc.
The SPEI accounts not only for precipitation deficit but also for the role of the increased atmospheric evaporative demand on drought severity. Evaporative demand is particularly dominant during periods of precipitation deficit. The SPEI calculation requires long-term and high-quality precipitation and atmospheric evaporative demand datasets. These can be obtained from ground stations or gridded data based on reanalysis as well as satellite and multi-source datasets.
Datasets
Globally, the SPEIbase and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) drought index datasets are available at a relatively coarse spatial resolution. The SPEIbase is available at 0.5° resolution calculated from the Climatic Research Unit precipitation and potential evapotranspiration datasets. The GPCC drought index provides SPEI datasets at a 1.0° spatial resolution for limited timescales (1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 months).
Inputs to SPEI datasets can include high-resolution potential evapotranspiration (PET) from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) and hourly Potential Evapotranspiration (hPET). GLEAM is a set of algorithms designed to calculate actual evaporation, PET, evaporative stress, and root-zone soil moisture.
Classification
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71343353
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20L.%20Hayes%20Jr.
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Thomas L. Hayes Jr.
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On February 20, 1942, Hayes took part in a bomber escort of A-20 Havocs and LB-30 Liberators on a bombing mission against Japanese ships off Bali. After the formation reached over south of Bali, they were intercepted by Japanese A6M Zeroes. During the dogfight, Hayes's P-40 was attacked and damaged by the Zeros. As a result, his aircraft suffered a damaged elevator and jammed canopy. He managed to fly his aircraft back to Negro Airfield in eastern Java, but crash landed. A member of his squadron at the airfield helped him out of the wreckage.
After recovering from his injuries from the crash landing, Hayes was transferred to the 35th Fighter Group in New Guinea in March 1942, where he served as a P-39 Airacobra pilot. On August 25, 1942, he flew a mission against the Japanese airfield in Buna. Despite heavy tropical rain and very limited visibility, Hayes led his flight in an attack run which destroyed eight to ten enemy planes on the ground, a gasoline dump and a heavy calibre machine gun position.
He flew missions in the Pacific until he returned to the United States in October 1942. In December 1942, he was assigned as a flight instructor with the 328th Fighter Group in Hamilton Field and in May 1943, he was appointed as commander of the 364th Fighter Squadron of the 357th Fighter Group at airfields in California and Wyoming. In December 1943, the group was deployed to England, where it was stationed at RAF Raydon and received the P-51 Mustangs. The group was assigned to Ninth Air Force as a P-51 tactical air support unit, before it was transferred to 66th Fighter Wing in the Eighth Air Force and moved to RAF Leiston.
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71343353
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20L.%20Hayes%20Jr.
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Thomas L. Hayes Jr.
|
During World War II, Hayes was credited with the destruction of 8.5 enemy aircraft in aerial combat plus 1 probable and 1 shared destruction in missions over Europe. He was also credited with 2 enemy aircraft destroyed on the ground while strafing an enemy airfield in the Pacific.
While serving with the 357th FG, he flew an unnamed P-51B and a P-51D bearing the name "Frenesi", a popular song composed by Alberto Domínguez Borrás. Hayes stated it was a tribute to his wife Louise, for the song they listened to; he believed the song's name translated as "Love Me Tenderly".
After his return of the United States, he served as the deputy training and operations officer, and later as the director of training and operations, air inspector, deputy base commander, and then assistant commandant of the 3028th Army Air Force Base Unit at Luke Field in Arizona from August 1944 to November 1946.
Post war
Following the end of World War II, Hayes served as the commander of the 3010th Army Air Force Base Unit at Williams Field in Arizona, from December 1946 to July 1947. From August 1947 to September 1948, he completed his bachelor's degree at the University of Oregon following an assignment by the Air Force Institute of Technology to do so.
From September 1948 to November 1951, he served as a planning officer with the Plans Division at Headquarters U.S. Air Force in the Pentagon. Hayes attended NATO Defense College from December 1951 to May 1952 and served as the Air Member with the Combined Exercise Planning Department with NATO from June 1952 to June 1955. He served as the assistant deputy for operations and assistant deputy chief of staff for operations with Headquarters Western Air Defense Force at Hamilton Air Force Base, from July 1955 to September 1958. He was appointed as deputy chief of staff for operations with Headquarters 28th Air Division at Hamilton AFB from September 1958 to October 1959.
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71344983
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature
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1939 Nobel Prize in Literature
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The 1939 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Finnish writer Frans Eemil Sillanpää (1888–1964) "for his deep understanding of his country’s peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature." He is the first and the only Finnish recipient of the prize.
Laureate
Sillanpää made his literary debut with short stories published in newspaper Uusi Suomi in Helsinki. His first novel, Elämä ja aurinko ("Life and Sun", 1916), garnered recognition for its audacious portrayal of adolescent love while also employing a Darwinian method of character observation. His artistic works frequently referenced people as elemental entities. The novel Hurskas kurjuus ("Meek Heritage", 1919), depicts the crofter Juha Toivola's life and terrible end, and the revolt of the Finns during their civil war is explained. Sillanpää authored 10 collections of short stories in addition to seven novels, among them Nuorena nukkunut ("The Maid Silja", 1931) and Ihmiset suviyössä ("People in the Summer Night", 1934).
Deliberations
Nominations
Sillanpää was nominated in 39 occasions since 1930. He received the highest number of nominations in 1938 with six nominations from literary critics and academics. In 1939, he received three nominations from a number of professors and members of Åbo Akademi University, University of Helsinki, and Finnish Academy of Science and Letters.
In total, the Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy received 45 nominations. Ten of the nominees were newly elected such as Flávio de Carvalho, Herbert Samuel, Ethel Florence Richardson, Hugh Walpole, Johan Huizinga, Henriette Roland Holst, Maria Dąbrowska, and Hu Shih. The highest number of nominations was for the Danish author Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, who was awarded in 1944, with four nominations. Seven of the nominees were women namely Maria Dąbrowska, Maila Talvio, Henriette Charasson, Sally Salminen, Henriette Roland Holst, Ethel Florence Richardson, and Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício.
| 2.578125
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71345107
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Musgrave%20of%20Bewcastle
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Thomas Musgrave of Bewcastle
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In July 1596 Musgrave was captured, despite trying to find refuge at Brackenhill, and taken into Scotland by Kinmont Willie Armstrong and transferred to royal custody at Hawick. James VI was said to be pleased because Musgrave was a lawful prisoner in comparison with Armstrong's recent detention at Carlisle Castle. He was returned to England after a couple of weeks, during which he met the Laird of Buccleuch, who was unrepentant for his actions in springing Kinmont Willie from Carlisle. Musgrave was released only "on band" and the veteran Scottish border warden Sir John Carmichael requested his return. The incident seems to be part of the basis of a ballad, Jamie Telfer of the Fair Dodhead. In May 1599 Musgrave organised a football match at Bewcastle with six players on each side, England versus Scotland.
Despite the King's anger in 1593, Musgrave came to enjoy a good relationship with James VI of Scotland. An English diplomat George Nicholson reported that he shared "merry cracks" with the king at Stirling Castle in September 1601, and after drinking together in the cellar Musgrave joked about jousting with James if he opposed Elizabeth. They watched Prince Henry dance and wield a pike. Musgrave was in Scotland to deliver a message from Lord Scrope about border issues and his assault of Mangerton Tower. Scrope found the king's response disappointing.
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71345296
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucocoprinus%20griseofloccosus
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Leucocoprinus griseofloccosus
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Leucocoprinus griseofloccosus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.
Taxonomy
It was first described in 2018 by the French mycologists Vincent Lagardère & Guillaume Eyssartier from specimens found in 2017 in Mouréou, Arengosse in the South West Landes region of France. It was noted to be similar in appearance to Leucocoprinus cygneus with previous observations likely being confused with this species however it is differentiated from it by the grey flaky cap whilst L. cygneus is described as pure white and powdery.
Description
Leucocoprinus griseofloccosus is a small dapperling mushroom with thin white flesh.
Cap: Up to 1 cm. Quickly opens to convex with a very slight white or greyish umbo. Stem: 0.5-1.5 x 0.1-0.2 cm. Wider at the base. White with a thin stem ring that is tinged with grey at the edges. Gills: White, crowded, free with a powdery edge. Spores: Elliptical with a tiny germ pore. Dextrinoid. 5.5 - 6.3 x 3.3 - 3.8 μm. Smell: Faint.
Habitat and distribution
The specimens in France were found growing within rotting alder trunks beside a stream in mixed woodland. The woodland was located on clay rich soil within an ericaceous heath.
In November 2019 it was found in the UK for the first time with specimens observed to be growing in rotten Douglas fir logs at the New Forest Reptile Centre near Lyndhurst, South Hampshire. Another observation was made in October 2020 on rotting pine logs in Marlhill copse near Southampton airport.
Etymology
The specific epithet griseofloccosus is derived from the Latin griseus meaning grey and floccosus meaning flaky. This is a reference to the colour and texture of the veil.
Similar species
Leucocoprinus cygneus
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71345322
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snijders%20Blok%E2%80%93Campeau%20syndrome
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Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome
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Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CHD3 gene. It is characterized by impaired intellectual development, macrocephaly, dysarthria and apraxia of speech, and certain distinctive facial features.
Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome is typically a de novo mutation which generally occurs during the early embryonic stages of development or during the formation of the parent's reproductive cells. This allows for prenatal diagnosis.
Signs and symptoms
Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome almost always comes with both physical and intellectual disabilities. Those with the condition will typically have trouble in the development of speech and language. Around one half typically have some form of macrocephaly, while around one third show signs of autism or similar conditions.
Cause
The CHD3 gene is required for chromatin remodeling, a process that regulates gene expression. By allowing for the creation of chromatin, the CHD3 gene affects how tightly DNA is packed into chromosomes. A mutation of the CHD3 gene changes the amount of chromatin produced, causing over or underexpression of other genes.
History
Due to the rarity of the condition, with only approximately 60 cases documented in scientific literature, Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome was only discovered in 2018 by clinical geneticist Lot Snijders Blok and clinician-scientist Philippe M Campeau. The mutation was first documented in the paper "CHD3 helicase domain mutations cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome with macrocephaly and impaired speech and language".
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71345459
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Returning%20to%20Haifa
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Returning to Haifa
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The novel narrates that on this date, there was an explosion in Haifa coming from Mount Carmel. Said S felt overwhelmed as he saw everything getting worse, from armies arriving to more explosions happening, making it hard for him to navigate through. He and Safiya were on opposite sides of the city; as she rushed through the crowds of people to find him, she realised Khuldun was still sleeping inside their house at Hallisa.
They called out Khuldun's name numerous times, but there was no response. After she saw Said S. from afar, they both were on the verge of despair and tears, realising they had lost their son. Since then, they tried all means of searching for him, including contacting the Red Crescent and sending friends to the area to help them look.
Haifa was the core of all these memories for both Said S. and Safiya. "This is Haifa", as Said S. would say. Driving through the city, he contemplates everything, and how the street names "never really tended to change", still reading their names as King Faisal Street, Wadi NisNas, and so on. They speak about everything except Khuldun. A week before, in the city of Ramallah, Safiyah told Said S. how much she wanted to visit Haifa, "just to see it". Initially, he proclaimed the idea useless, but at the same time, he understood her desire, as he internally wanted the same, despite telling himself that there was no hope; they wanted to see if their son was still alive.
While at Haifa, they visit their old house and contemplate the memories, old objects, and the bell that changed. They find that the house is now occupied by Mariam, a Jewish woman. In 1948, after Said S and Safiyah departed on the British ship, their house was given to Marian and her husband, Iphrat Koshen. Mariam tells them the story of how they adopted Khuldun, now called Dov, from the Jewish Agency after a neighbour found him alone.
| 2.015625
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71345459
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Returning%20to%20Haifa
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Returning to Haifa
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According to Israeli sociologist Yehouda Shenhav-Shahrabani, "the tremendous resonance in the media of 'Return to Haifa' established Kanafani's status at the apex of Palestinian and Arab culture. Despite his critical position towards the Jews, he sees them in the story; he speaks with Jews and gives them agency. That was the book's innovation, later influencing others."
According to reviews of these adaptations, the play is tightly focused in scope. Tiny space was configured at a central area with a minimalist set. Additionally, despite representing home, exile, and journey, it was saturated by warm Mediterranean light and enhanced by soundscape city and sea.
Additionally, the reviews pointed out to the "vivid" interplay between the past and present where actors, surrounded on all sides, moved fluidly among one another.
The characters' virtuosity with language enhanced on the tempo of the play, highlighting the difficulties of communication when political rhetoric faces emotion. The young characters of Said and Safiyya were said to have brought energy to scenes of early married life.
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71345884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucocoprinus%20cygneus
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Leucocoprinus cygneus
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Leucocoprinus cygneus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.
Taxonomy
It was first described in 1940 by the Danish mycologist Jakob Emanuel Lange who classified it as Lepiota cygnea until 1952 when it was classified as Pseudobaeospora cygnea by the French mycologist Marcel Locquin.
In 1978 the Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann created the new genus Sericeomyces in an attempt to better arrange the species which are now recognised as belonging to the Lepiota, Leucoagaricus and Leucocoprinus genera. He reclassified this species as Sericeomyces cygneus but noted that placing it in this newly created genus was questionable. This proposed placement turned out to be short lived as it was also in 1978 that Austrian mycologist Meinhard Michael Moser classified it as Cystolepiota cygnea and the French mycologist Marcel Bon classified it as Leucocoprinus cygneus, which was ultimately the classification which was adopted.
Description
Leucocoprinus cygneus is a small dapperling mushroom with thin white flesh and a white, powdery cap.
Cap: 1.5–2 cm. Campanulate and expanding as it matures. Pure white and slightly silky. Stem: 3 cm tall by 2mm in thickness. Hollow and smooth with a ring. Gills: White, narrow, crowded and free. Spores: Ellipsoid with a tiny germ pore. Dextrinoid. 6.5 x 3.5 μm.
Etymology
The specific epithet cygneus (originally cygnea) derives from the Latin for cygnus meaning swan. This is in reference to the 'swan-like' colour of the cap.
Habitat and distribution
This species is rarely recorded. In the UK only two collections of L cygneus have been documented with one specimen in Kew's collection which was found in West Norfolk and a second in a collection in Edinburgh from a specimen found in South Devon. The first was found growing inside a hollow tree trunk whilst the second was found on damp ground. It is now speculated that the specimen found on the rotting wood may be Leucocoprinus griseofloccosus instead.
Similar species
Leucocoprinus griseofloccosus
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71346095
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat%20of%20arms%20of%20Police
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Coat of arms of Police
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The coat of arms of the town of Police in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland depicts the head of a red griffin with a yellow (golden) beak, and a yellow (golden) crown, place on the white (silver) background.
Design
The coat of arms is a white (silver) Iberian style escutcheon with square top and rounded base. It depicts a head of a griffin with red feathers, a symbol of house of Griffin, a dynasty that ruled in Pomerania during the Medieval Ages. The animal wears yellow (golden) crown, and has yellow (golden) beak, with a red tongue put out of its mouth.
History
The griffin is a traditional symbol of the West Pomerania, used since 12th century. Between 12th and 13th century, the griffin become the symbol of the House of Griffin, that ruled in that area. Subsequently, the red griffin on the white background had become the symbol of the Duchy of the Pomerania-Stettin. In the 1730s, that design had become the symbol of the entire West Pomerania.
In 1321, the town of Police, was incorporated into the city of Szczecin. As such, it had adopted the coat of arms of the city, which was the head of a red griffin with a yellow (golden) beak, with its red tongue out of its mouth, placed on the blue background. Originally, the coat of arms depicted the animal without a crown, however later, a yellow (golden) crown on its head had been added. Police became an independent town again in 1808.
In 1994, the town had established the new, current design of its coat of arms, different from the one used by the city of Szczecin. In that year, it had also established a flag, that features the coat of arms as part of its design.
Since 1999, the coat of arms is also used by the municipality of Police.
Flag of Police
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71346185
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos%20Morris-Reich
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Amos Morris-Reich
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Photography and Jewish History
Morris-Reich's 2022 book Photography and Jewish History: Five Twentieth Century Cases turns to five twentieth-century cases in which photography and Jewish history intersect: Albert Kahn's utopian attempt to establish a photographic archive in Paris in order to advance world peace; the failed project of Helmar Lerski, a prominent photographer in Mandatory Palestine, on "Jewish and Arab types"; photography in the career of Eugen Fischer, a Nazi professor of genetics; the street photography of Robert Frank; and Solomon Yudovin's photographs in S. An-sky's attempt to introduce photography into the study of Russian Jewry prior to World War I, as seen from the post-Holocaust perspective of the early twenty-first century. The book attempts to move discussion of the photography and Jewish history nexus from Jewish visibility and photographers to the political categories and registers of twentieth-century Jewish history.
Other works
Morris-Reich has co-edited with Dirk Rupnow, for Ideas of "Race" in the History of the Humanities and with Margaret Olin, for Photography and Imagination. He edited the first collection of essays by Georg Simmel in Hebrew: Georg Simmel: "How is Society Possible?" and Other Essays and the first collection of essays by Sander Gilman in Hebrew: The Jewish Body and Other Protruding Organs: A Selection of Essays by Sander Gilman.
With a special interest in the history of methodology and epistemology, Morris-Reich has also published numerous articles on the conceptual history of the social sciences, history of antisemitism and racism, Jewish cultural history, history of photography, and biologically oriented human sciences. At the Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of the Science and Ideas his teaching and supervision focus on the history and philosophy of the social and human sciences, history and philosophy of photography and technology, and historical contingency and counterfactuals.
| 2.328125
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71346297
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fairest%20of%20Roses%20%28Magle%29
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The Fairest of Roses (Magle)
|
The Fairest of Roses (Danish: Den yndigste rose) is a fanfare for two trumpets and organ written in 2017 by Frederik Magle and published by Edition Wilhelm Hansen.
The work was premiered in Saint Paul's church in Copenhagen on 3 December 2017, on the occasion of the church's 140-year jubilee as well as the rededication of the church tower. It is also a tribute to Frederik Magle's mother Mimi Heinrich who died in May the same year. The Fairest of Roses is based on the melody for the Danish Christmas hymn Den yndigste rose er funden (1732) by Hans Adolph Brorson. Though the composer of the melody is unknown, it likely originates in the Wittenberg-area and was first published by Joseph Klug in 1542 used for the Latin burial-hymn 'Iam moesta quiesce'.
For concert performances the two trumpeters are to be placed 'antiphonally' with a distance between them, and the audience in-between, creating a spatial effect which is effective especially in larger rooms.
Though entitled a fanfare the character of the work is, for the most part, reflective and has been described as meditative and lucid with a 'touch of Celtic mistiness', containing both soft and lyrical passages but also majestic and powerful moments.
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71346326
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan%20Chiau%20Jit%20Pao
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Nan Chiau Jit Pao
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Nan Chiau Jit Pao (, also known as the Nan Chiau Jit Pau), was a pro-communist Chinese-language newspaper published in Singapore. Founded by Tan Kah Kee, it was an organ of the China Democratic League in Singapore. It was banned along with the Xian Dai Ri Bao in 1950.
History
The Nan Chiau Jit Pao was founded by prominent businessman Tan Kah Kee in November 1946 with a number of supporters for a capital of $500,000. Tan was a major shareholder of the paper, having invested $25,000 towards the paper's establishment. The paper became the organ of both the Singapore branch of the China Democratic League and Tan, which was against Chiang Kai-shek while supporting Mao Zedong. The newspaper was ranked as one of the three largest Chinese newspapers in Singapore, having a daily circulation of between 12,000 and 20,000.
An article published in the Nan Chiau Jit Pao on 21 July 1950 criticised the new emergency powers granted by the Malayan government which would allow authorities to close down newspapers which supported terrorists or opposed the actions taken by the United Nations in the Korean War. The newspaper launched a "peace campaign" on 8 September, asking its readers to sign a declaration to prohibit the use of the Atom Bomb as a weapon of aggression. Both the Nan Chiau Jit Pao and the Xian Dai Ri Bao, also known as Morning Daily News, in Penang were banned by British authorities on 19 September 1950. The closing of the paper was made using the emergency powers granted to the government. By October 1950, out of the staff of the newspaper, nine were detained, with two of the nine being released later and the others receiving detention orders, and with one former staff of the newspaper being on the run.
| 2.09375
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71346490
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLASS-z12
|
GLASS-z12
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GLASS-z12 (formerly known as GLASS-z13) is a Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) observing program using the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam in July 2022. Spectroscopic observations of GLASS-z12 by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in August 2022 confirmed that the galaxy has a spectroscopic redshift of , making it one of the earliest and most distant galaxies ever discovered, dating back to just 350 million years after the Big Bang, 13.6 billion years ago. ALMA observations detected an emission line associated with doubly ionized oxygen (O III) at 258.7 GHz with a significance of 5σ, suggesting that there is very low dust content in GLASS-z12, if not the early universe as well. Also based on oxygen-related measurements, the age of the galaxy is confirmed.
GLASS-z12 derives its name from the GLASS survey that discovered it and its estimated photometric redshift of approximately z = . GLASS-z12 was initially announced as GLASS-z13 because it was thought to have a higher redshift of z = 13.1. This redshift value was later revised down to z = 12.4 in October 2022, resulting in the renaming of this galaxy.
GLASS-z12 has a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.6 billion years. However, due to the expansion of the universe, its present proper distance is 33.2 billion light-years. It was discovered alongside another galaxy, GLASS-z10, comparable to GN-z11, also one of the oldest galaxies discovered.
| 2.375
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71347140
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfspined%20flathead
|
Halfspined flathead
|
The halfspined flathead (Ratabulus prionotus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae, the flatheads. This species is found in the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea.
Taxonomy
The halfspined flathead was first formally described as Platycephalus prionotus in 1873 by the French zoologist Henri Émile Sauvage with its type locality given as the Red Sea, or possibly Madagascar. There is some uncertainty about its classification as some authorities classify this species in the genus Sorsogona. Its specific name prionotus means "jagged" or "serrated", and may be an allusion to the fine serrations on the bony ridges over and under the eye.
Description
The halfspined flathead has an elongated body with a flattened head with obvious ridges on the upper and lower parts of the operculum. There are three large and two small preopercular spines which are under half the length of the larger spines. The ridge above the eye is serrated and ends at a long spine on the preoperculum. The lower jaw protrudes and has a band of small teeth. The vomerine and palatine teeth are arranged in parches on either side of the roof of the mouth. The first dorsal fin has 9 spines and the second dorsal fin has 12 soft rays while the anal fin has 12 or 13 soft rays. This fish is brownish in colour marked with 4 or 5 transverse bands across the back. The first dorsal fin is dusky brown, the other fins have dark spots. The flap under the operculum is dark purple with light lines. This species attains a maximum published total length of .
Distribution and habitat
The halfspined flathead occurs from Maputo Bay north to the Red Sea and east to the Persian Gulf and Karachi. It has been recorded once in the Mediterranean Sea off Israel in 1947. This is a benthic species found on sand and mud substrates at depths of between .
Biology
The halfspined flathead is a predatory species which mainly eats fish.
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71347236
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writers%27%20assistant
|
Writers' assistant
|
Writers' assistant is a junior role in the television industry, providing clerical support and record keeping for writers' room meetings and basic office support for writing teams.
Job description
The term "writer's assistant" is somewhat of a misnomer; the person in this position assists the "writing process" more than anything else. Their major job is attending all writer meeting and taking notes making a careful record of what was said, particularly something on the white board or said by the showrunner. After taking notes at the room meetings, the assistant organizes this information, and sends out a 15-20 page email to the writers to provide them with material for their deadlines. Other duties include doing research, pitching ideas, producing web content, read and type scripts, and print and add revisions to scripts. Mundane duties during non-meeting days can include setting schedules, getting coffee, managing email and taking calls. There are generally 6-12 writers for a show, but only one writers' assistant. Necessary skills for this job include multi-tasking, managing time, fast typing speed (or shorthand), and good written communication.
Career objectives
The job entails long hours, low pay and very poor job security, but it is one of the most coveted jobs in the industry. It is described as "the best non-writing job in Hollywood." This position gives the assistant valuable connections in the industry, learning the inside of the business, and a view into the heart of TV writing. It is felt that this is the most direct route to becoming a script writer and then ascending the classist pecking order of the writers' room. Conditions improved after a 2021 union negotiated contract increased minimum wages from $16/hour to $26/hour over three years. The need for a living wage was at the center of the dispute with the studios. In the fight over the contract, writers were very supportive of their assistants, acknowledging their importance. Job security, however, remains a persistent problem.
| 1.953125
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71347627
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptogyps
|
Cryptogyps
|
History and naming
Cryptogyps has a long and complicated taxonomic history. It was initially described as “Taphaetus” lacertosus by Charles Walter De Vis in 1905 based on the lower part of a humerus and a quadrate bone of Middle-Late Pleistocene age, found around Kalamurina in South Australia. The assignment of the fossil material to "Taphaetus" by De Vis was problematic, as the genus had been declared a junior synonym of Uroaetus by De Vis himself earlier that same year. Later still Uroaetus was deemed synonymous with Aquila, as the type specimen was found to be identical to the modern wedge-tailed eagle. Subsequently, the genus "Taphaetus" was unavailable in accordance with the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). In 1974 Gerard Frederick van Tets suggested that "T." lacertosus was a member of the genus Icthyophaga (now synonymous with Haliaeetus) and designated the humerus as the lectotype before later placing the species in the subfamily Gypaetinae, which at the time contained all old-world vultures. A thorough examination of the lectotype humerus was published by Mather, Lee and Worthy in 2022 in order to determine if the material represented a distinct taxon. Their research concluded that the fossil not only belonged to a distinct genus and species of bird of prey, but also that it was a type of aegypiine vulture rather than a type of eagle. To reflect all this, the genus Cryptogyps was coined. Aside from the type material, fossils of indeterminate Pleistocene age were discovered in the Wellington Caves (New South Wales) and Nullarbor Plain (Western Australia). A year later additional material from the Green Waterhole, also known as the Fossil Cave, in the Tantanoola District (South Australia) was described and referred to Cryptogyps. Other material referred to Cryptogyps in the same study includes fossils from the Leaena's Breath Cave (Nullarbor Plain), Wellington Caves and the Walli Caves.
| 2.703125
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71347660
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards%20S.%20Sanford
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Edwards S. Sanford
|
At the start of the U.S. Civil War, he volunteered his expertise in telegraph communications to the Union Army and was commissioned a Colonel of the U.S. Volunteers and served as Military Supervisor of Telegraphic Messages for the Union Army. In April 1861, the lines of the American Telegraph Company "were extended from their main office, 432 Pennsylvania avenue, Washington, D.C., to the War Department, Navy Yard, Arsenal, Chainbridge, and other outlying points. There was no appropriation to meet the expenses of a government telegraph service, and for six months or more General Sanford paid all the bills, aggregating thousands of dollars, for poles, wires, instruments, salaries of operators, etc." On March 13, 1865, he was brevetted Brigadier General for "meritorious services".
In 1881, he was a founding trustee of the Metropolitan Trust Company.
Personal life
Sanford was married to Mary Downing (1818–1893), a daughter of George Ryall Downing and Mary ( Riggs) Downing. Together, they were the parents of two children:
Mary Riggs Sanford (1846–1903), who married Nathaniel William Taylor Hatch.
Edwards Sewall Sanford Jr. (1847–1914), who later worked at Adams Express Company; he married Lilless Ferrier Martin.
Sanford died on September 9, 1882, at Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania. He was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.
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71347842
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Woman%20Reading
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Old Woman Reading
|
Dou depicts the old woman in a remarkably realistic approach for his time by Northern European standards. He gives the viewer the feeling that he is close to the old woman, while she does not seem to notice it because of her rendering in profile and concentration on reading. The use of chiaroscuro, which he had learned from Rembrandt, is typical and emphasizes the most important details of the work. The background is smooth, sober and not distracting. Compositionally, the artist creates a soothing diagonal contrast between the upper left and the lower right parts.
Authorship
The painting was for a long time mistaken for being a portrait that Rembrandt made of his mother, hence the title of Rembrandt's Mother. It fitted with the ancient idea that Rembrandt had depicted many of his relatives in his paintings. His authorship seemed a foregone conclusion until 1900. During a major Rembrandt exhibition held in Amsterdam in 1898, when the painting was still in the collection of A. H. Hoekwater, it was presented as such, but soon after it came into doubt. In 1901, art historian Wilhelm Martin suggested in a book about Gerrit Dou that he was probably his author. He mentioned the style characteristics, pointing to Dou's use of the chiaroscuro and the smooth surface structure typical of his work, and also to the fact that Dou and Rembrandt, as well as Lievens, often used the same models. In fact, the old woman depicted here appears in works by all the three painters and Dou himself painted her several times.
After 1900, it became increasingly clear that the designation of some of Rembrandt's models as his relatives was groundless. When the work was offered to the Rijksmuseum in November 1912 from the bequest of A. H. Hoekwater, it was therefore exhibited as a work by Dou under the current title. In 2005 it was one of the major works in the exhibition "Rembrandt's Mother, Myth and Reality", in the Museum De Lakenhal, in Leiden.
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71348114
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristo%20Kondak%C3%A7i
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Kristo Kondakçi
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Kristo Kondakçi (born 30 June 1991) is an Albanian-American conductor, recognized for his influential roles in the music community and his commitment to social impact through music. He currently serves as the David and Janet McCue music director of the Kendall Square Orchestra, where he actively collaborates with professionals from the science and technology sectors. This role allows him to merge musical performance with industry innovation, fostering an interdisciplinary approach that enhances both the arts and the scientific community.
Kondakçi made his professional conducting debut with the Albanian National Orchestra in 2014 and has since led performances across the United States and Europe, including his U.S. opera debut with Enigma Chamber Opera in 2020, which received critical acclaim from the Boston Globe. He previously served as music director of the Narragansett Bay Symphony Community Orchestra in Rhode Island (2020-2024), interim director of orchestras at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst (2019) as well as assistant conductor with the Boston Landmarks Orchestra (2015-2017) and conducting fellow of the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra and the Boston Philharmonic Youth Orchestra (2015-2018).
In addition to his conducting roles, Kondakçi is a passionate educator and advocate for the transformative power of music. He serves as an assistant professor at the Berklee College of Music and as a non-resident Tutor in Music at Harvard University. Notably, he co-founded the Women's Chorus, a choral program that supports women experiencing homelessness in Boston, and the Eureka Ensemble, which uses music to engage and support underserved communities. His dedication extends beyond performance and education into significant community service, exemplified by his involvement in founding and directing initiatives that address social issues through the arts.
| 2.109375
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71348314
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qikiqtania
|
Qikiqtania
|
CT scans of the rock containing the fin revealed a complete limb inside. These scans allowed the describing authors to better understand and interpret the fossil material. The fin bones of Qikiqtania were not sturdy enough to support its body on land, so it would have lived entirely in the water. Its humerus does not show any indication of the well-developed muscle-attachment points seen in related semi-subaerial taxa. This is in contrast to Tiktaalik, which would have been able to prop itself up in shallow water or on land and use its limbs for support.
The preserved scales are rhomboid in shape, generally similar to those of other finned elpistostegalians. Preserved scales have been found from the trunk, including the dorsal midline and flank, the pectoral fin, and the lateral line series. Analysis of the scales revealed sensory canals that would have permitted the animal to detect the flow of water around its body.
The holotype individual would have had a total body length of around , which is smaller than most elpistostegalians.
Classification
Qikiqtania represents an elpistostegalian closely related to limbed tetrapods. In all phylogenetic analyses, it was recovered as crownward to Panderichthys. The cladogram below displays the results of the phylogenetic analyses by Stewart et al. (2022):
A 2024 phylogeny placed Qikiqtania immediately crownward to Tiktaalik, followed by Elginerpeton and Elpistostege.
| 2.78125
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71348627
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritual%20and%20music%20system
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Ritual and music system
|
The Chinese ritual and music system () is a social system that originated in the Zhou dynasty to maintain the social order. Together with the patriarchal system, it constituted the social system of the entire ancient China and had a great influence on the politics, culture, art and thought of later generations. The feudal system and the Well-field system were two other institutions that developed at that time. According to legend it was founded by the Duke of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou.
The Ritual Music System is divided into two parts: ritual and music. The part of ritual mainly divides people's identity and social norms, and finally forms a hierarchy. The music part is mainly based on the hierarchical system of etiquette, using music to alleviate social conflicts.
The system developed from older shamanic traditions and was seen as having cosmological significance, it was seen as representing the balance between Yin and Yang and the Five Elements.
The regulations on ritual and music strengthened people's concept of hierarchy, played a symbolic role in establishing authority, alongside standardizing rule across the civilization.
Predecessors
Archaeological evidence indicates that music culture developed in China from a very early period. Excavations in Jiahu Village in Wuyang County, Henan found bone flutes dated to 9,000 years ago, and clay music instruments called Xun thought to be 7,000 years old have been found in the Hemudu sites in Zhejiang and Banpo in Xi'an.
Pictorial representations of dance have been found in Chinese pottery as early as the Neolithic period (before 2000 BC), showing people dancing in a line holding hands. The earliest Chinese character for "dance", , appears in the oracle bones and represents a dancer holding oxtails in each hand. According to the Lüshi Chunqiu (compiled around 239 BC): "In former times, the people of the Getian clan (葛天氏) would dance in pairs [or threes] with oxtails in hand, stamping their feet and singing eight stanzas."
| 3.140625
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71349389
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro%20de%20la%20Sota%20%28footballer%29
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Alejandro de la Sota (footballer)
|
Alejandro de la Sota Izagirre (1881 – 8 February 1963) was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward for Athletic Club. He was one of the most important figures in the early history of Athletic, having been one of its co-founders in 1901, as well as a team captain, and then serving as the seventh president of the club, ruling from 1911 and 1917, becoming one of the most successful and influential presidents of the Basque club.
Under de la Sota's leadership, Athletic Bilbao achieved its greatest economic and sporting successes, becoming a dominant team on the national level, winning three back-to-back Copa del Rey titles between 1914 and 1916. One of his main achievements was getting the funds for the construction of the San Mamés Stadium, which opened in 1913 and was very important in the club's supremacy in the 1910s.
Playing career
Born in Cantabria to the most richest and influential family in the Basque Country and all of the Pyrenees – the De la Sota family. He was at the historic meeting in the García de la Gran Vía cafe on 5 September 1901, being among the 33 socios (co-founders) of the first-ever club in Bilbao, Athletic Club. He was then one of the first football players of the newly created Basque team. Together with Juan Astorquia, Armand Cazeaux, William Dyer and Walter Evans, he was part of the team (Club Bizcaya, a combination of players from Athletic Club and Bilbao FC) that won the first national championship disputed in Spain, 1902 Copa de la Coronación, the forerunner for the Copa del Rey. La Sota played in the quarter-finals against Club Español and in the semi-finals against New Foot-Ball Club, but missed the final in which the Basque side defeated FC Barcelona 2–1.
| 2.1875
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71349564
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US%20Senate%20career%20of%20Strom%20Thurmond
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US Senate career of Strom Thurmond
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In November 1987, Thurmond introduced legislation that if enacted would require "alcoholic beverages to carry health warning labels similar to those on cigarettes", saying the legislation would be effective if it prevented anyone from drinking while being in a compromising position of health. The following year, Thurmond sponsored legislation designed to impose "five rotating warning labels on alcoholic beverages cautioning pregnant women not to drink, warning that alcohol is addictive and can increase the risks of hypertension, liver disease and cancer, that it impairs a person's ability to drive a car or operate machinery, and that alcohol consumption can be hazardous in combination with some drugs."
In September 1989, Thurmond was one of nine Republican senators appointed by Senate Republican leader Robert Dole to negotiate a dispute with Democrats over financing of President Bush's anti-drug plan that called for spending $7.8 billion by the following year as part of the president's efforts to address narcotics nationwide and abroad.
Judicial nominees
In late 1981, Thurmond presided over the hearings of Sandra Day O'Connor, who President Reagan had nominated for associate justice. Thurmond granted Alabama Senator Jeremiah Denton an hour of questioning of O'Connor, twice the time allotted for other members of the chamber.
Thurmond stated that O'Connor was "one of the choice nominees" for the Supreme Court that he had seen in all of his Senate career, furthering that she had all the qualities he believed "a judge needs." O'Connor was confirmed by the Senate.
In November 1982, President Reagan selected Harry N. Walters as his choice for Administrator of Veterans Affairs; Thurmond and Wyoming senator Alan Simpson were both critical of the president's lack of consultation with them prior to the announcement. Thurmond shortly afterward stated publicly his support for Walters, citing him as having "the education and experience to fill the position". Walters was confirmed for the position.
| 2.046875
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71349663
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Romani
|
Early Romani
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Grammar
The morphology exhibited a split between two strata - native (including both inherited words and loans from before the immigration into the Byzantine Empire) and foreign (predominantly loans from Byzantine Greek and some from Slavic; later borrowings from other languages also join this group in descendant dialects). Words of the two strata were often formed and declined somewhat differently.
Nominal morphology
Early Romani nominals had two genders, masculine and feminine, two numbers - singular and plural, and eight cases - nominative, accusative (oblique), vocative, dative, ablative, locative, instrumental and genitive. The nominal phrases also expressed definiteness by means of a definite article.
Partly like other Modern Indo-Aryan languages, the grammatical morphemes in Romani noun declension are classified into three layers - Layer I (remainders of Old Indo-Aryan inflectional endings), Layer II (a set of originally separate words turned into new postposed inflectional elements) and Layer III (adpositions). Layer I suffixes are portmanteau morphs that simultaneously express case (nominative, oblique or vocative) and number, have different variants according to the gender of the word and exhibit some unpredictable lexical variation that makes it possible to speak of declension classes. Layer II suffixes express only case and have largely the same form.
Layer I
The most common endings can be summarised as follows:
Native feminine stems had a tendency to exhibit /j/ in front of the vowel of the suffix outside of the nominative singular: -j-a, -j-en etc. This was always the case if the nominative singular ended in -i.
The following is a complete list of Early Romani declension classes largely as reconstructed by Viktor Elšík (with terminology adapted for this article):
* - The stems formed with the suffixes -ipen and -ibe(n) dropped the -e- before endings: oblique -ipn-as, -ibn-as, nominative plural -ipn-a, -ibn-a.
| 2.515625
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71349663
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Romani
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Early Romani
|
Definite article
Early Romani had a definite article, which was also used, as in Greek, with proper nouns and to express generic reference in various constructions (e.g. content or origin, lit. 'made out of the X'). The exact forms are difficult to reconstruct due to great dialectal variation. According to Yaron Matras' account, the Early Romani forms were:
The numeral jekh 'one' could be used to express indefiniteness, but its use was not obligatory.
Numerals
The numerals from 1 to 10 were:
The teens were formed according to the pattern 'ten-and-unit' using the conjunction -u- 'and' borrowed from an Iranian language, little used elsewhere in Early Romani: e.g. deš-u-trin for 13, except for teens containing the Greek-derived units 7, 8 and 9: thus deš-efta for 17. Thus:
Of the tens, 30 and probably 40 and 50 were borrowed into Early Romani from Greek, while the others were formed with native roots, mostly with the morpheme -var meaning 'times', i.e. 'X times 10':
Combinations of tens between 30 and 90 and single digits were formed not with -u- but with thaj 'and' (the usual Romani conjunction with that meaning): trianda-thaj-jekh for 31, if a conjunction was used at all. The combinations with biš (20) also used -thaj- according to Peter Bakker, while Viktor Elšík and Yaron Matras consider -u- to be a possibility as well.
The native cardinal numerals, namely the ones for 1-6, 10, 20 and 100, inflected in modifier position like adjectives ending in a consonant: e.g. deš-e 'ten (oblique)'. The Greek-derived ones (7-9 and 30-50) did not.
Ordinal numerals, apart from avgo 'first', were regularly derived from the cardinals with the suffix -to: e.g. efta-to 'seven-th' and even duj-to 'second'; the word for third may have been slightly had the slightly irregular form tri-to due to Greek influence. The ordinals in -to were declined as foreign-stratum adjectives.
Multiplicatives were formed with -var 'times': trin-var 'three times'. Half was paš.
| 2.65625
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71349663
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Romani
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Early Romani
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Adjectival suffixes and prefixes
Adjectives were formed with various native suffixes ending in -no and -lo: -alo, -valo, -no, -ano, -ikano, -uno, -utno, -avno, e.g. balo 'pig (noun)' - balikano 'pig (adj.)'. Only -no could also be used with borrowed stems.
With foreign stems, the Greek suffix -itiko was used.
The genitive also functioned (and declined) much like an adjective: bi-them-en-go-ro 'stateless'.
There was also a prefix bi- 'without' or not: bi-baxt-alo 'luck-less', 'unlucky', bi-lačho 'not-good', 'bad'.
Adverbs
Locative adverbs (also used to express direction) could be formed by the addition of -e with original locative meaning (andr-e 'inside') and -al with original ablative meaning (andr-al 'from the inside > inside'). They often correspond to prepositions without these suffixes, or just coincide with them (with or without adverbial suffixes); see the Layer III section. Adverbs could also be formed from adjectives by adding -es. The following locative adverbs are reconstructed:
Among the other notable adverbs are the Greek-derived pale 'again', palpale 'back' tasja 'tomorrow', komi 'still' and panda 'still' < 'always'. Further, there were the inherited particles vi and nina meaning 'also, even' (vi... vi... could also be used as both ... and ...'), the Greek-derived moni 'only', as well as atoska 'then'.
| 2.71875
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71349663
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Romani
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Early Romani
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Verbal suffixes
Verbs could be formed from non-verbs by the addition of the verbs d- 'give' and ker- 'do': e.g. kan-d- 'to give ear', i.e. 'to listen', buti-ker- 'to do work', i.e. 'to work'. The second could also be added to verb roots to produce a causative meaning: mar-ker- 'to cause to beat'.
There was an archaic, but still somewhat productive transitive/causative marker -av- (or -ev-) that formed causative verbs from other verbs, e.g. dar-av- ('to cause to fear', i.e. 'to frighten'), and transitive verbs from nouns gilj-av- ('to do a song', i.e. 'to sing').
A factitive suffix forming transitive verbs from adjectives was -(j)ar- (or -er-, sometimes -al- after sibilants), e.g. bar-(j)ar- 'to make big', i.e. 'to grow, raise'. It could also be added to participles, resulting in a transitivising/causative meaning with respect to the corresponding verb, e.g. formations like beš-l-ar- 'to make seated', i.e. 'cause to sit, seat, set'.
The transitivising suffixes -ar- and -ker- could also be combined to form -a(r)-ker-, again with a factitive and causative meaning.
An intransitive marker -jov- (past stem allomorph -(j)il-), originating from the verb ov- 'to become', was added to the past stem of verbs, which was originally a past participle - or, in a few cases, to their roots - to produce a form with mediopassive meaning (ker-d-jov- 'be made', 'make oneself', hence 'become'). The same marker was also added to adjectives to produce a form with inchoative meaning (bar-jov- 'become big', i.e. 'grow'). When the marker -jov- was followed by the 3rd-person endings beginning in /e/ (sg. -el and pl. -en), the sequence -jov-e could optionally contract into -jo-: kerd-jov-el > kerd-jo-l 'makes oneself, is made, becomes'; pl. kerd-jov-en > kerd-jo-n. Apparently this contraction did not occur with the 2nd-person endings -es and -en in Early Romani, even though some present-day dialects have extended the rule to them.
| 2.40625
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71349663
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Romani
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Early Romani
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There also appears to have been a newer, competing intransitive marker -áv-, originating from the verb av- 'to come' (but nevertheless receiving the stress). The older intransitive marker -(j)ov- (past stem allomorph (j)il-) was obligatorily added to it (forming a combination meaning literally 'to become one that has come'). As a result, the present stem of such formations came to end in -av-ov-, and the past one in -av-il- > -ajl- or -a(n)dil-. For example, a verb such as dil-áv-ov- 'to become crazy' could be formed. The same suffix appears to have been added to the foreign verb adaptation marker -(V)s- (forming -(V)s-áv-ov-, past stem -(V)s-á(v)-il-, e.g. xa-s-áv- 'be lost'), and occurrence of these past stem forms in foreign stratum verbs in many dialects is the main reason to posit this marker already for Early Romani; otherwise, it is attested mostly in Vlax dialects.
There was also a stative construction combining the past participle with a copula: si kerdo 'is done'.
Foreign stratum verbs, which were mostly of Greek origin in Early Romani, were characterised by the addition of special loan adaptation marking suffixes. The most common ones appear to have been -Vn-, -Vz- and -Vs-, where V stands for the vowels /i/, /a/ or /o/. The distribution in Early Romani is disputed; most attested Romani dialects use only part of these suffixes, but also exhibit some differences between present and past stems and/or between transitive and intransitive verbs. Matras reconstructs a system in which -Vs- was used in all past stems as well as in the present stems of intransitive verbs, whereas -Vn- or -Vz- (depending on the source Greek verb) were used in the present stems of transitive verbs. Furthermore, the intransitives added the intransitive marker -áv-ov- (past stem allomorph -(V)s-á-jl- or -(V)s-ánd-il-), while the transitives used the transitive markers -ker- or -ar-. Thus, the system would have been as follows:
| 1.9375
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71349865
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phebe%20Ann%20Jacobs
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Phebe Ann Jacobs
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Phebe Ann Jacobs (July 1785 – February 28, 1850) was an American Congregationalist, laundress, and free woman. Best known for her posthumous biography Narrative of Phebe Ann Jacobs, Jacobs was born into slavery on the Beverwyck plantation in Lake Hiawatha, New Jersey.
During her life, she was enslaved by the family of the President of Dartmouth, then the President of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. In the final years of her life, she achieved emancipation and worked in Brunswick laundering clothes for students of Bowdoin.
In 1919, the New Jersey Historical Society claimed Jacobs was significant for "her rare attainments as a Christian, the strength of her faith, and her spirit of devotion."
Life
Early life and slavery
Jacobs was born a slave on the Beverwyck plantation in Lake Hiawatha, New Jersey, in 1785. Jacobs did not receive an education; she was instead trained to become a domestic slave. She had a sister named Peggy, who different persons presumably owned. Her parents' names are not stated in sources.
When Jacobs was a child, she was owned by Maria Malleville, daughter of President Wheelock of Dartmouth college. Maria Malleville was born on February 3, 1788; Malleville was three years younger than Jacobs.
On January 28, 1813, Maria Malleville married William Allen, president of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. Jacobs was 28 years old and continued to be owned by the Allens after they moved to their new home in Pittsfield, Maine.
Although some sources indicate Jacobs became free in Maine, her emancipation status was complicated. According to Professor of History James J. Gigantino II of the University of Arkansas, "Like many free blacks, [Jacobs] continued to serve her former owners as a domestic servant since, while free, she faced racism and a lack of economic opportunities."
Later years
Likely due to indentured servitude, Jacobs remained with the family until the death of her owner, Maria Allen.
| 1.960938
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71350094
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Catherine%20Blaikie
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Margaret Catherine Blaikie
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She was the first president of the Free Church of Scotland Manse Ladies' Temperance Association, formed in 1884, and became one of the two president of the United Free Church of Scotland Manse Ladies' Temperance Association, when the two churches (United Presbyterian and the Free Church of Scotland) united in 1900. On her retirement from active service in 1906, she was made honorary president, and she continued to hold this position until her death.
Personal life
She married William Garden Blaikie in 1845, at the time when he was minister of the Free Church of Scotland at Pilrig, a suburb of Edinburgh. Their children included Walter Biggar Blaikie, engineer, printer and astronomer, and Robert Henry Blaikie (1857–1933), a surgeon, as well as James, William, Anne, Jane, John, Alfred, Alice, Charles, Alan, Margaret, and two infants who died in their first year.
Margaret Catherine Blaikie died at North Berwick, Scotland, 25 July 1915. James Silvester published her biography, Margaret C. Blaikie. The Story of a Strenuous Life, in 1930.
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71350128
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portages%20of%20New%20Zealand
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Portages of New Zealand
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The Whau river and portage serves as a rohe (boundary) point between Te Kawerau ā Maki and the tribes of the Auckland isthmus: Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei and in earlier times the Waiohua.
In the latter 19th century, a canal was proposed along the Whau Portage, however this was abandoned after the North Island Main Trunk railway connected Auckland and Wellington in the 1910s.
Karetu portage
The Karetu was the northernmost of three portages connecting the Manukau Harbour and the Tāmaki River. It connected Anns Creek (the north-east stream of the Māngere Inlet to Karetu, south of the Panmure Basin, approximately one kilometre south of Mutukaroa / Hamlins Hill Regional Park. Compared to the shorter Te Tō Waka, the Karetu portage had less elevation.
Te Tō Waka
Te Tō Waka, also known as Te Toangakiōtāhuhu, the Ōtāhuhu portage, Tauoma portage or the Tāmaki portage, is the shortest portage connecting the east and west coasts of New Zealand, located at Ōtāhuhu. The portage connected the Māngere Inlet of the Manukau Harbour south of Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond to the Tāmaki River, using the approximate route taken by the modern Portage Road. Due to its short length and easy gradient, it was one of the most important portages in Aotearoa, and one of the main communication links between Northland and the central North Island.
Te Tō Waka was used from the earliest times of Māori settlement in Aotearoa. The portage features prominently in the stories of the Tainui migratory waka, as the crew used the portage to cross westwards to the Manukau Harbour. This event is memorialised in the name Te Tapotu o Tainui, also used for the portage, and Ngarango Otainui Island, the island of the Māngere Inlet where the wooden skids used to haul the waka were left after the trip was made. In addition to the Tainui, other migratory waka including the Matahourua of Kupe, the Aotea, the Mātaatua and the Tokomaru all have traditional stories associated with the crossing of this portage.
| 2.703125
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71350437
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola%20Rizza%20dish
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Isola Rizza dish
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The Isola Rizza dish is a sixth-century silver dish with a relief medallion in the centre depicting a scene of warfare. It was part of a hoard discovered by a local in a field near the parish church in Isola Rizza in the winter of 1873. Besides the dish, the hoard contained six silver spoons, two silver and gold disc fibulae with filigree, a belt clasp and three golden belt fittings. The clasp and one fitting are now lost, but the dish is kept in the Castelvecchio Museum. Numerous copies have been made.
The dish is generally dated to the late sixth century. Stylistically, it is a Byzantine work, possibly produced in Italy. It depicts a scene from either the Gothic Wars or the Lombard Wars in Italy. The burial of the hoard may be associated with the Lombard capture of Verona in 569.
The relief medallion of the dish shows a heavy cavalryman charging one infantryman while leaping over a fallen one. The cavalryman wears a Spangenhelm-style helmet and lamellar armour, and is wielding a contus (long spear). He is most likely a Germanic or Alan mercenary in Byzantine service, possibly a cataphract. The two infantryman carry round shields and spathae (swords). They have beards, trousers and tunics. They have generally been seen as Lombards, although that implies a later dating for the hoard than 569.
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71350510
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanda%20Nandan%20Mahapatra
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Nanda Nandan Mahapatra
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Nanda Nandan Mahapatra (born 14 March 1959) is an Indian textile technocrat and author of books on textiles.
Early life and education
N. N. Mahapatra was born in Cuttack, Odisha. He went on to do B.Sc. Tech in Textile Chemistry from University Department of Chemical Technology (UDCT) now it is ICT (Institute of Chemical Technology), Mumbai University and M.Sc. in Applied Chemistry from Ravenshaw College under Utkal University and was honored with PhD from the Utkal University. He also pursued M.B.A from Institute of Modern Management, Kolkata.
Career
Mahapatra has authored over 10 books on textile fiber, dyes and dyeing. He is also popular as a speaker at various national and international seminars and conferences. He was the chairman of the Textile Institute (Manchester) Western Indian Section, and he was the vice-chairman of the Textile Association of India and was responsible for organising workshops, seminars and conferences related to Technology, Innovation, Sustainability and Environment. He received Textile Association of India award for the best book on Textiles for his book "Textile Processing."
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71350605
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Schwinge
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Friedrich Schwinge
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He began to have marital difficulties in 1898, after Fernanda's son, Edgar, died at the age of twenty-three. The divorce was finalized in 1904. A few months later, he married Martha Christine Margarethe Hüttmann, the daughter of a coal dealer, who was twenty-five years his junior.
In August, 1913, as many as twenty of his paintings were stolen from the Alsterthor Art Salon. Shortly after, the police apprehended a former servant of the salon's owner, who was in possession of three paintings. He had already sold two, but refused to make a statement about any of the others that were missing. He was apparently responsible for several other smaller thefts involving Schwinge's paintings that had occurred over the previous months. In October, Schwinge died of a heart attack. There has been some speculation that it was stress-induced.
A memorial exhibition and sale was held the following month. The borough of Altona purchased a statue of a shepherd that was intended for his grave, and placed it in a city park. A street in Hamburg's Groß Flottbek district was named after him. In addition to his painting, he accepted some students; mostly schoolgirls. A few would become well known, such as , , Emmi Walther, and Mary Warburg.
| 2.046875
| 0
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71351393
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital%20punishment%20in%20Samoa
|
Capital punishment in Samoa
|
Capital punishment is not a legal penalty in Samoa. The death penalty was used in the colonial era, but the practice had ceased by the time of independence in 1962, with death sentences being commuted to life imprisonment, and it was formally abolished in 2004. The last execution was carried out in 1952.
Colonial era
Following contact with Europeans, colonial powers would sometimes demand execution of Samoans who had wronged them or their citizens. In 1856 a British trader named William Fox was murdered in Sāla‘ilua, Savai‘i. Samoan justice was served when Sāla’ilua reciprocally took the life of a Sāgone noble, but “this was no settlement in European eyes”, and two years later a British warship bombarded Sāgone to force Malietoa Moli to surrender the perpetrator. When he was handed over, he was tried and hanged aboard the British ship.
Under the Condominium established by the Tripartite Convention, the death penalty was imposed for murder by mixed Samoan and European courts.
The death penalty was legal under German colonial rule. The method of execution was hanging. A Samoan named Pupu was hanged at Mulinuu on May 2 1901 by German authorities for murder. Three Chinese men were hanged in November 1913 for the murder of a storekeeper, and this was noted as being the first execution for twelve years. In February 1914 four Samoan constables stole weapons from a jail, shot a German planter, and were finally arrested after a gunfight with police. The survivor was hanged at Vaimea.
| 2.640625
| 0
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71351474
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinia%20leptantha
|
Darwinia leptantha
|
Darwinia leptantha is a flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is an upright, small shrub with white flowers turning pink with age, triangular-shaped leaves and is endemic to New South Wales.
Description
Darwinia leptantha is an upright shrub high with smooth, flattened leaves long. The slender tubular flowers are borne at the end of short erect stems in tight clusters of 2-8, long, about in diameter, petals long, white when young turning pink with age and on a peduncle long. The bracts are leaf-like long, bracteoles reddish to yellowish brown, long, style white, straight or curved and long. Flowering occurs from late autumn to spring.
Taxonomy and naming
Darwinia leptantha was first formally described in 1962 by Barbara Gillian Briggs and the description was published in Contributions from the New South Wales National Herbarium. The specific epithet (leptantha) means "slender flowered".
Distribution and habitat
This darwinia grows in coastal heath and sandy soils on the coast and ranges from Laurieton to the Clyde River of eastern New South Wales.
| 2.34375
| 0
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71351598
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature
|
1952 Nobel Prize in Literature
|
The 1952 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French Catholic writer François Mauriac (1885–1970) "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life." He is the eight French author to receive the prize after the novelist André Gide in 1947.
Laureate
François Mauriac made his breakthrough with the poetry book Les Mains jointes ("Clasped Hands", 1909), but went on to become as a dramatist and novelist. His works are frequently set in and around Bordeaux, France, and investigate human nature through the lens of Catholicism. The characters struggle with money, self-righteousness, and guilt. As a result, Mauriac has been portrayed as a misanthrope at times, but he replied to this criticism by stating that the repeated messages in his writings about divine mercy and compassion were designed to inspire hope and confidence. His most well-known works include La Chair et le Sang ("Flesh and Blood", 1920), Le Désert de l'amour ("The Desert of Love", 1925), Thérèse Desqueyroux (1927), Le Nœud de vipères ("Vipers' Tangle", 1932).
Deliberations
Nominations
In total, the Swedish Academy's Nobel Committee received 57 nominations for 40 writers. Fourteen of the nominees were newly nominated such as Paul Vialar, Juan Ramón Jiménez (awarded in 1956), Walter de la Mare, Julien Benda, Salvador de Madariaga, Albert Schweitzer (awarded the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize), Werner Bergengruen, and Van Wyck Brooks. Only one female author was nominate: Spanish author Concha Espina de la Serna.
| 2.296875
| 0
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71351729
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Literature
|
1955 Nobel Prize in Literature
|
Nominations
In total, the Nobel Committee received 59 nominations for 46 writers. 17 of the nominees were newly nominated including Ezra Pound, Edith Sitwell, Adriaan Roland Holst, William Somerset Maugham, Eugenio Montale (awarded in 1975), Henri Bosco, Ernst Robert Curtius, Giorgos Seferis (awarded in 1963), Saint-John Perse (awarded in 1960), Carlos Vaz Ferreira, and Giovanni Papini. Three of the nominees were women namely the British critic Edith Sitwell, the Estonian poet Marie Under, and the Danish author Karen Blixen.
The authors James Agee, Ruby Mildred Ayres, Gilbert Cannan, Dale Carnegie, Beatrice Chase, Robert P. Tristram Coffin, Lawrence Pearsall Jacks, Joseph Jefferson Farjeon, Constance Holme, Hong Shen, Mariano Latorre, Roger Mais, Saadat Hasan Manto, Adrienne Monnier, Robert Riskin, Robert E. Sherwood, Alexandru Teodor Stamatiad, Wallace Stevens, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, and Augustin Josip Ujević died in 1955 without having been nominated for the prize.
Prize decision
Laxness had been a candidate for the prize since 1948. In 1955 he was shortlisted along with Juan Ramón Jiménez (awarded in 1956) and Ramón Menéndez Pidal. A shared prize between Laxness and his countryman Gunnar Gunnarsson was proposed but rejected by the Nobel committee.
The members of the Swedish Academy were divided in support of the final three candidates. Three rounds of voting were required to decide the laureate. On the first voting Jiménez received the highest number of votes, but not the required majority of the votes. On the third voting Laxness received a majority of the votes, 10 votes, and could be declared the winner of the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature.
| 2.359375
| 0
|
71352804
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotirmoy%20Ghosh
|
Jyotirmoy Ghosh
|
Jyotirmoy Ghosh (Jyotirmay, Jyotirmaya) (1896–1965) was an Indian mathematician, physicist, academic, writer, and a practitioner of homeopathic medicine. He frequently published non-academic works under the alias Bhaskar (Bhaskara, Baskar) Ghosh.
Early life and education
Ghosh was born on January 1, 1896, in the village of Ghasiara, in the Magura subdivision of Jessore District in India, (now Bangladesh). He was the eldest of four children. Ghosh graduated (matriculated) from Narail Victorian Collegiate School in Jessore, India in 1912. In 1914, he earned his B.A. at Narail Victoria College, Jessore. In 1916, he earned a B.A. in mathematics at Presidency College, Calcutta. In 1918, he earned an M.A. in Applied Mathematics, coming in First Class Second. Following this, he traveled to the United Kingdom in 1925, and received his Ph.D. in mathematics at The University of Edinburgh, where he studied with Albert Einstein. Later, Ghosh was one of a few Indian physicists who corresponded with Einstein. His dissertation was entitled "On some problems in elasticity and on radially symmetric gravitational field in continuous matter".
Career
Ghosh started his academic career as a professor of mathematics at the University of Dacca in 1921. Upon receiving his doctorate, he was appointed as a reader in Mathematics at the University of Dacca. In 1930, he founded the Indian Physico Mathematical Journal, and also served as its editor for several years. In 1930 and 1931, he served as Professor of Mathematics at Presidency College in Calcutta, and from 1939 to 1942, served as Senior Professor of Mathematics and officer-in-charge at the Astronomical Observatory. Following this appointment, he joined Presidency College as the Vice-Principal, and in 1943 assumed the position of Acting Principal. From 1944 to 1948, he was appointed as Principal at Hooghly Mohsin College in Chinsurah. In 1948, he was appointed as the Principal of Presidency College in Calcutta and in 1951, he retired and started practicing as a homeopath.
| 2.140625
| 0
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71352813
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noto%3A%20An%20Unexplored%20Corner%20of%20Japan
|
Noto: An Unexplored Corner of Japan
|
Noto: An Unexplored Corner of Japan is a travel book written by the American businessman, mathematician and astronomer Percival Lowell, first published in 1891. It is dedicated to the British academic and Japanologist Basil Hall Chamberlain.
Lowell lived in Japan periodically from 1883–1893, and the book is one of three that Lowell wrote about Japan, the others being The Soul of The Far East (1888) and Occult Japan, or the Way of the Gods (1894).
Itinerary
The book describes Lowell's 1886 journey from his then home in Tokyo, to the Noto Peninsula in Ishikawa Prefecture, on the western coast of the Sea of Japan. Lowell travelled westwards by train via Nagano to Naoetsu, and then via jinrikisha (rickshaw) to the town of Anamizu. Throughout the journey Lowell was accompanied by his Japanese manservant Yejiro.
In the first chapter Lowell recounts his motivation for the trip as follows:
"Scanning, one evening, in Tokyo, the map of Japan, in a vague, itinerary way, with the look one first gives to the crowd of faces in a ballroom, my eye was caught by the pose of a province that stood out in graphic mystery from the western coast. It made a striking figure there, with its deep-bosomed bays and its bold headlands. Its name, it appeared, was Noto."
In 2002 physicist and amateur astronomer Masatsugu Minami retraced and documented part of Lowell's route.
According to astronomer William Sheehan, Lowell's journey was the prototype for the expedition which led to the establishment in 1894 of a temporary Mars observatory at Mars Hill, now known as Lowell Observatory, in Flagstaff, Arizona.
Recognition
The town of Anamizu commemorates Lowell's visit to Noto with two memorials, one (erected 1981) located opposite Anamizu railway station, and the second (erected 2000) at the Manai River pier. The town operates a free Sunday bus called "ローエル" ("Lowell" written in katakana) which takes visitors around the town.
| 2.5
| 0
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71353445
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert%20Reconnaissance%20Battalion
|
Desert Reconnaissance Battalion
|
The DRB was founded in the late 1980s. It has largely served on the border between Israel and the Gaza Strip. It has a base nearby at Kissufim. The battalion serves alongside the Bedouin Trackers on patrols, using tracking techniques to search for terrorists and to prevent infiltration of the border. Because some members face threats and harassment from members of their community, they are permitted to travel to and from duty out of uniform.
The Desert Reconnaissance Battalion is equipped with MDT David light armoured personnel carriers, Wolf Armoured Vehicles and Humvees. It is part of the 143rd "Fire Fox" (Territorial) Division of Southern Command.
For much of its history, the Desert Reconnaissance Battalion had been deployed to the dangerous Rafah Border Crossing. Five soldiers of the battalion were killed there in 2004, after which the Israeli newspaper Haaretz asked whether the unit had been assigned this post due to the perceived lower social standing of its soldiers. It had spent the preceding four years at Rafah, while other frontline units were rotated through the post. The unit's first Bedouin commanding officer was appointed in December 2004.
| 2.03125
| 0
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68448095
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retreat%20of%20the%20state%2C%20advance%20of%20the%20private%20sector
|
Retreat of the state, advance of the private sector
|
Retreat of the state, advance of the private sector, or state retreats and people advance, known in Chinese as guo jin min tui (国进民退), is an economic term referring to the phenomenon of private companies moving forward as state-owned enterprises retreat from economic life. In the Chinese context, the notion specifically means the policy of privatization of state-owned enterprises and the issues it raises during the reform and opening-up process in China. It is a frequently mentioned phenomenon in the Chinese economic growth cycle that started in 2002.
Despite being less profitable - the average return on equity is 4% - state-owned enterprises have easier access to funding than purely private enterprises. The government has encouraged state-owned enterprises to consolidate, favoured them in regulation, and awarded them contracts and subsidies; this crowds out other competitors, both domestic and foreign, undermining the economy. This contrasts with an earlier phase of economic liberalisation in China, where the private sector was seen as flourishing and generating growth; in the late 1990s, Zhu Rongji weeded out some of the weaker state-owned enterprises.
However, in some contexts, "guo jin min tui" has been contrasted with "guo jin min ye jin", meaning "the state and the market develop together".
Airline industry
History
In 1998, the Chinese government comprehensively launched the policy of "guotui minjin", allowing state-owned capital to withdraw from competitive industries and private enterprises to enter. Since the reform and opening up, China has swung between state socialism and state capitalism, and into the 21st century, it was gradually replaced by "the state advances, the private sector retreats".
| 2.0625
| 0
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68448126
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Godfrey
|
Ed Godfrey
|
Broadcast news career
Godfrey's 41 year journalism career saw him become a news director by steadily moving up the ranks, starting as a film news photographer, then news producer and finally news director. He maintained a life-long insistence on integrity in journalism. A staunch defender of the First Amendment, he also showed tenderness for victims experiencing tragic loss and pain. Godfrey discouraged reporters from seeking quick sound bites from victims.
WTVJ, Miami, Florida
Ralph Renick hired Godfrey in 1959 as a news film photographer at Miami, Florida's WTVJ "Channel 4" television station. The station was known for its groundbreaking, award-winning documentaries and other long-form news coverage at a time when only national broadcast networks were producing such fare. Godfrey said in 1982 "Ralph Renick set the standard for local TV news nationally".
On June 29, 1961, WTVJ aired A Cry in the Dark, a documentary that explored aspects of mental illness on WTVJ's FYI evening newscast. Godfrey was one of two photographers who filmed documentary segments in the mental care wards of Florida State Hospital in Chattahoochee and the Hollywood Memorial Hospital in Hollywood, Florida. The segments included an open brain operation, therapists and psychologists at work with their patients as well as interviews of patients being admitted, patients being readied for release and an interview of a Cape Canaveral housewife "who tried to sell religion to NASA on the day they fired Alan Shepard into space". This was the first time news cameras had been allowed inside Florida mental hospitals, having been granted permission by then Governor Farris Bryant.
Godfrey became the executive producer of WTVJ's Newsnight, a daily, half-hour 7:00 pm news show. He resigned from the station in July, 1965.
| 1.992188
| 0
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68448206
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20H.%20Lattin
|
Frank H. Lattin
|
In 1896, Lattin retired from the natural history business and began studying at the University of Buffalo Medical School. He graduated from there in 1899, after which he worked as a physician and surgeon. He also worked as a fruit grower, with farms in Orleans and Oswego Counties. His farms included over 200 acres of apple orchards and over 50 acres for pears, cherries, peaches, quinces, and plums. His fruit was exhibited in the New York State Fair, and he served as a judge of fruit. He served as coroner of Orleans County from 1910 to 1912.
In 1916, Lattin was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican, representing Orleans County. He served in the Assembly in 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, and 1930.
Lattin was an honorary member of the New York State Pharmaceutical Association and a life member of the New York State Horticultural Society and the New York State Agricultural Society. He was a member of the Orleans County Medical Society, the New York State Medical Society, the Grange, the Odd Fellows, and the Woodman. In 1885, he married May Elida Bullard. Their children were Dorothy May and Virginia B.
Lattin died at home five days after suffering a stroke on May 23, 1937. He was buried in Mount Albion Cemetery.
| 2.015625
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68448441
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belter%20Creole
|
Belter Creole
|
The pronunciation of the language was developed by Nick Farmer and Eric Armstrong, a dialect coach. During development, they came to the conclusion that the language's pronunciation and tone had become too similar to that of Jamaican English. As a result, Armstrong suggested that Farmer make various modifications to the phonological, morphological, and lexicological characteristics, such that the language's overall sound gave an impression that it derived via an amalgamation of several existent languages and cultures of a near-future, homogeneous working-class population. They accomplished this goal by fusing together various elements of multiple real-world cants, dialects, and accents to form distinct types of Belter drawls or sounds and then encouraged the actors to choose one which fit their character. Additionally, the producers were advised to deliberately create a cast of actors and actresses who spoke in varying accent types so as to illustrate real-world concepts observed in societies and cultures where creole and pidgin languages are spoken. For example, in Season 3, actors Dominique Tipper and Cara Gee would introduce to the show the concepts of code switching and English spoken as a second language as paradigms of Belter Creole and culture.
The show's producers had emphasized that they did not want to use subtitles for Lang Belta, but rather wanted the audience to be capable of dialogue comprehension via recognizable phonological similarities to English words/phrases and contextual inference. Due to that, for most of its appearances, the language was presented only as various words mixed in the English dialogue. During the show production, Farmer would always make three versions of the lines for the script, one entirely in the Belter, one with medium Belter influence, and one with light usage of the Belter. Then, actors would learn and shoot all three variants of the scenes, and later the producers would choose which version they wanted to use.
| 2.203125
| 0
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68448441
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belter%20Creole
|
Belter Creole
|
Tenses and aspects
The language has three basic tenses which are the past, the present, and the future. Sentences without tense indicators are in the present tense. For example: mi showxa, which means I speak. The past tense is indicated by adding ta after the pronoun. For example: mi ta showxa, which means I spoke. The future tense is indicated by adding gonya after the pronoun. For example: mi gonya showxa, which means I will speak.
It also has three grammatical aspects, which are the continuous, the habitual, and the perfective. The continuous aspect specifies incomplete action or state in progress at a specific time. It is indicated by adding ando after the pronoun. For example: mi ando showxa, which means I am speaking. The habitual aspect specifies an action as occurring habitually. It is indicated by adding tili after the pronoun. For example: mi tili showxa, which means I regularly speak. The perfective aspect specifies an action viewed as a simple whole. It is indicated by adding finyish after the pronoun. For example, mi finyish showxa, which means I have spoken, and mi ta finyish showxa which means I had spoken.
When indicators of both tense and aspect are present in the sentence, the tense indicator is put before the aspect's one. For example: mi ta ando showxa, which means, I was speaking.
Sentence structure
The sentence structure of Belter Creole is subject–verb–object, which means that the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third. It also has the zero copula, the phenomenon in which the subject is joined to the predicate without overt marking of this relationship. For example, in the sentence: mi nadzhush, which means I am tired, but in the literal translation would mean I tired.
Forming questions
The questions are formed by adding the word ke at the end of the statement sentence. For example, the sentence "To showxa lang Belta", which means You speak Belter Creole, after transforming it into the "To showxa lang Belta, ke?", will mean "Do you speak Belter Creole?".
| 3.25
| 0
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68448441
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belter%20Creole
|
Belter Creole
|
Novel language
The concept of the language had appeared for the first time in the 2011 book Leviathan Wakes, published under the pen name James S. A. Corey, used by the collaborators Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck. Following that, Belter Creole had appeared in the next books from The Expanse series. The language presented in the books greatly varied from the one later developed by Nick Farmer. It lacked developed vocabulary as well as grammar, phonological and orthographic systems. It was a mix of words taken from various languages and was mostly presented as a dialect mixed in the English dialogue. The vocabulary used in the books was chosen by authors on the basis of aesthetics and wasn't supposed to form a real language. The languages used as a basis of the language vocabulary include: English, Spanish, German, Portuguese, Estonian, Esperanto, French, Korean, Chinese, Hungarian, Japanese, Polish, Dutch, Arabic, Catalan, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, Russian, Turkish. Authors kept the original spellings of borrowed words or made a modified version of them. The language was inconsistent and on many occasions used different words for the same meaning. For example, words laa and la from Arabic لا (laa, meaning no), na from English nah and ne from Serbo-Croatian ne/не, all meant no, while both gato from Japanese ありがとう (arigatō) and aituma from Estonian aitäh meant thank you.
As the language was later developed for The Expanse television series, novel writers had discouraged fans from learning their version of the language in favor of the television one. Though the novel and television versions of the language are meant to not be related, some words from the novel version appear in the television version, for example both novel sa-sa and television sasa mean to know.
| 2.25
| 0
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68448490
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Kurzbold
|
Conrad Kurzbold
|
Conrad's historically significant achievement was his victory at the Battle of Andernach on October 2, 939, in which he, together with his cousin Odo of Wetterau defeated the dukes Eberhard of Franconia (a cousin of Conrad and Odo) and Gilbert of Lorraine, who were in revolt against Otto the Great. With the greater part of their army already across the Rhine at Andernach, the two dukes were still plundering in the counties of the two royalist Conradines when Conrad and Odo attacked. Eberhard fell in battle, while Gilbert drowned in the Rhine as he attempted to flee. Because of this victory, which ended the revolt against him, Otto granted Conrad Kurzbold an estate on which to found the Stift of St George in Limburg. In addition, Otto bestowed several positions at court to Conrad, some of which were already in his possession prior to 939.
Because of his military service and his small stature, Conrad Kurzbold became legendary. According to accounts by Ekkehard IV of the Abbey of Saint Gall, Kurzbold was a new David, who had single-handedly slain a huge, boastful Slav. In another story, Kurzbold had been on the road with Otto the Great when the party was attacked by a ferocious lion, which Kurzbold promptly dispatched before the king had even drawn his sword.
These accounts from Ekkehard, nearly 100 years after Conrad's death, remark upon Kurzbold's, "disgust for women and apples," a claim that is repeated again and again in the local chronicles, though Wolf-Heino Struck interprets this as a reference to Conrad's long remaining a bachelor. Additionally, in the contemporary discussions around celibacy, the clergy warned against sin using an apple to represent the fall of man, so perhaps it was not intended to be taken literally.
| 2.453125
| 0
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68448505
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merle%20Alcock
|
Merle Alcock
|
Merle Alcock, born Merle Tillotson, (February 6, 1884 - March 1, 1975) was an American contralto who sang with the Metropolitan Opera in 236 performances from 1919 to 1929, officially signing in with them in 1924.
Early life and education
Born Merle Tillotson in Andover, Missouri on February 6, 1884, Merle Alcock was the daughter of the Reverend Elijah Tillotson and his wife Zulina "Zula" Hannah Hiner. She spent much of her childhood in Iowa. Her first musical experiences were as a child performing as a soloist in her father’s church. Her sister, Enid Tillotson, was a soprano who appeared on the concert stage.
Tillotson studied first at Dakota Wesleyan University (then Dakota University) in Mitchell, South Dakota where she was actively performing in school concerts in 1902, 1903, and 1904. Her voice teacher at the university was Grace Goodykoontz. She performed at many public events in Mitchell in 1903; including performing as a soloist in concerts given at the Corn Palace in May and August 1903. She continued to perform at public events and concerts in Mitchell in 1904 and 1905, and was a soloist of the Walter von Geltch Concert Company, a professional performing group in Mitchell.
Tillotson trained further at the Drake Conservatory of Music at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. where she began studies in the fall semester of 1905 after transferring to the school from Dakota University. Her voice teacher at Drake was the school’s dean, Frederick Howard. She graduated from the conservatory after one year of study in June 1906. She later studied singing in New York City with Bruno Huhn, and privately with William Wade Hinshaw, Paul Savage and Herbert Witherspoon.
| 2.25
| 0
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68449099
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neston%20Town%20Hall
|
Neston Town Hall
|
The foundation stone for the new building was laid by the wife of a member of the local board, John Gaitskell Churton, on 6 September 1888. It was designed by David Walker of Liverpool in the Queen Anne style, built by William Pritchard of Little Neston in red brick with stone dressings at a cost of £2,000 and was completed in February 1889. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with seven bays facing onto High Street; the third bay on the left featured a porch giving access to the town hall while the third bay on the right featured a porch giving access to the post office, which is now closed. The other bays on the ground floor and the bays on the first floor were fenestrated with sash windows. Above the three central windows on the first floor were three wheatsheaves, and above that, a gable with a stone panel which also depicted three wheatsheaves: these wheatsheaves were a heraldic device used by Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester who had founded Dieulacres Abbey at Poulton. Internally the principal room was the council chamber on the first floor. A drill hall was established in the basement for the use of the 1st Volunteer Battalion, the Cheshire Regiment who had previously used a very dilapidated drill hall on the opposite side of High Street.
| 2.34375
| 0
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68449208
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gundisalvus%20of%20Lagos
|
Gundisalvus of Lagos
|
Gundisalvus of Lagos, O.E.S.A. (; – 15 October 1422) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and Augustinian friar.
Gundisalvus was the prior of several Augustinian houses, among them the important Convent of Our Lady of Grace in Lisbon (the seat of the Province of Portugal of the Augustinians). He was a theologian and preacher of some repute, who concentrated his catechetical work on children, as well as the illiterate and the uneducated. A gifted scribe and artist, he was also known to have illuminated liturgical books and to have composed plainsong pieces.
Life
Gundisalvus was of humble origin, born in the city of Lagos, in the Algarve, in an uncertain date around 1360. Having shown a vocation for religious life from an early age, he joined the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine at the Convent of Our Lady of Grace in Lisbon c. 1380, at around age 20.
By 1394, he was the prior of the Convent of Saint Lawrence in Miragaia, Lourinhã; by 1404 he was the superior of the important Convent of Our Lady of Grace in Lisbon, and by 1408 he was governing the Convent of Our Lady of Grace in Santarém, Portugal. From 1412 and until his death in 1422, he was the prior of the Convent of Our Lady of Grace in Torres Vedras. As a superior, he was known to perform menial jobs in a conscious effort to humble himself in imitation of Christ.
His relics remain interred in the church of the former Augustinian convent in Torres Vedras.
Legacy
The earliest hagiographic works about Gundisalvus of Lagos are a set of three texts written between the late 15th century and the 17th century, by João de França de Brito, Frei Aleixo de Menezes (1559–1617), and Frei António da Purificação (1601–1658). His reputation for sanctity shortly after his death is evidenced by the fact that the city of Torres Vedras named him as its "Defender and Patron" as early as 1495, and the same was done by the city of Lagos a couple of years later.
| 1.914063
| 0
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68449304
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tie%20exchanger
|
Tie exchanger
|
The tie extractor/inserter arrives on site, and begins its work by identifying a tie for removal.
The operator stops the vehicle so the arm is positioned directly above the tie to be removed, and then drops rollers which have clamps attached to them. These clamps grab the rails and lift them slightly to make extracting the tie easier. The rollers will typically be left lowered while the machine is working. Before grabbing the tie, the clamps will be engaged.
The operator lowers the arm onto the end of the tie and grabs the tie. He or she then extends the arm, which is attached to a telescoping boom, laterally away from the track, extracting the tie.
Still holding the tie, the operator disengages the clamps and moves the machine to a nearby location and deposits the extracted tie trackside, where it will later be removed for disposal.
The operator moves the vehicle to a new tie which has been positioned trackside.
Using the arm, the operator grabs the new tie and moves the machine to the location where the old tie was removed.
After engaging the clamps, in the opposite of what happened in step 3, the new tie is positioned underneath the track by the arm and then released when positioned appropriately.
The previous steps are repeated for each tie in need of replacement. When finished, the tie extractor/inserter lifts the rollers and departs.
On busier lines where work must be finished quickly, a different process will be used to speed up tie replacement. Two tie extractors/inserters will be used as part of a larger track gang. The first will remove all the ties to be replaced, and will be followed by a tie crane that picks up the old ties and drops off new ones. Following the tie crane, a second tie extractor/inserter will install all the new ties.
Manufacturers
Nordco
Harsco
RCC Fabricators
Knox Kershaw
| 2.125
| 0
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68449669
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babo%20Jan
|
Babo Jan
|
Mirmon Halima also known as Babo Jan or Bobo Jan (fl. 1880), was an Afghan royal consort. She was married to Abdur Rahman Khan (r. 1880–1901).
Biography
She was born to Amir Dost Mohammed Khan, the confidant and adviser of Abdur Rahman Khan.
She was one of the many wives of the king. It was the custom of the monarch to have four official wives and a large number of unofficial wives as well as slave concubines in the harem of the royal Palace complex in Kabul. She was however his favorite wife, and came to influence him and the affairs of state.
She acted as his adviser and was assigned by him the task to represent him on diplomatic missions as the mediator during clan and tribal conflicts, and as such made trips around Afghanistan with his permission to undertake such tasks. To act as a mediator in this way was acceptable for a royal woman, and had a predecessor in Zarghona Anaa a century before; but it was by no means a given thing, but rather testifies to the great confidence she was given by her spouse. Reportedly, she was able to ride a horse (not a given thing for a woman at this time and place) and had her enslaved maidservants trained in military self defense.
Babo Jan was described as wise and patriotic. She was known to write poetry, which was common for royal and aristocratic women of the harem.
| 2.640625
| 0
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68450165
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asela%20Mera%20de%20Jorge
|
Asela Mera de Jorge
|
Asela Altagracia Mera Checo de Jorge (December 28, 1933 – June 14, 2007) was a Dominican politician, women's rights activist, and member of the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD). She served as the First Lady of the Dominican Republic from 1982 to 1986 during the presidency of her husband, Salvador Jorge Blanco. Asela Mera was known for her focus on social issues, women's rights, and prison reform during her tenure as first lady.
Biography
Early and personal life
Mera was born on December 28, 1933, in Villa González, Santiago Province, just outside of the city of Santiago de los Caballeros. Her parents, Sebastián Alfonso Mera Ureña and Leticia Checo Checo, were businesspeople and members of a well-known family based in Santiago. Her siblings were Elida, Alina, Jose Rafael, and Frank Mera. Mera received degrees in accounting and administrative work from Colegio Sagrado Corazón de Jesús in Santiago de los Cabelleros.
Asela Mera married Salvador Jorge Blanco, a lawyer, on December 27, 1957. The couple had two children - Orlando Jorge Mera and Dilia Leticia Jorge Mera. Dilia Leticia Jorge Mera became a lawyer, while Orlando Jorge Mera became the secretary general of the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) by 2007.
In addition to her role as Jorge Blanco's wife, she worked as his private secretary in his law practice for many years. Through her work, Mera became involved in politics and pro-democracy civil society movement in her own right.
| 2.03125
| 0
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68450365
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20B.%20Young
|
P. B. Young
|
Plummer Bernard Young Sr. (July 27, 1884 – October 9, 1962), better known as P. B. Young was a newspaper editor, publisher, community leader, and founder of the Norfolk Journal and Guide. He was African American.
Early life and education
Plummer Bernard Young was born July 27, 1884, in Littleton, North Carolina. His father, Winfield Young, was born into slavery in 1848 in Halifax County, but learned to read and write under the tutelage of his master's wife. Between 1870 and 1880, Winfield and his young wife, Sallie Adams, moved from Halifax County into Littleton proper, where he ran a dry goods store. The Young family (Plummer had four older siblings) attended two black churches in Littleton: first Enon Baptist Church and later St. Anna's Episcopal Church, the church of Plummer's childhood. Plummer attended the elementary and secondary grades at Reedy Creek Academy, a Baptist-run private school set up to educate black children. In addition, Winfield tutored his son at the store when business was quiet.
In May 1884, Winfield Young founded the True Reformer, a weekly newspaper of Littleton. According to biographer Henry Lewis Suggs, Plummer "credited much of his learning to the True Reformer and to his employment as an errand boy for a local white daily."
In 1900, Plummer began receiving higher education at St. Augustine's University in Raleigh, North Carolina. In September 1902 he started classes in the normal department. The following year he was a student in the print shop, which he went on to supervise between 1904 and 1906. During this time, he continued to take classes, like math and history, part-time in the normal department.
While at St. Augustine's, Young met Eleanor Louise White, a preparatory department teacher. Eleanor, the adopted daughter of the college president, graduated from St. Augustine's in 1906, at which time she and Young married. The couple returned to Littleton, where their first son, Plummer Bernard Jr., was born in February 1907.
| 2.25
| 0
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68450625
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gompholobium%20hendersonii
|
Gompholobium hendersonii
|
Gompholobium hendersonii is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with simple leaves, and red and purplish-brown, pea-like flowers.
Description
Gompholobium hendersonii is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of . Its leaves are simple, long, wide and lacks stipules. The flowers are red and purplish-brown, borne on glabrous pedicels long with glabrous sepals long. The standard petal is long, the wings long and the keel long. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is a pod.
Taxonomy
Gompholobium hendersonii was first formally described in 1842 by Joseph Paxton in Paxton's Magazine of Botany from specimens grown in the gardens of "Messrs. Henderson, of Pine-apple Place" from seed collected in 1840 from the Swan River, by "Captain Mangles". The specific epithet (hendersonii) honours the gardener, Joseph Henderson.
Distribution and habitat
This pea grows on undulating plains in the Avon Wheatbelt Coolgardie and Mallee biogeographic regions in the south-west of Western Australia.
Conservation status
Gompholobium hendersonii is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
| 2.296875
| 0
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68451200
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20Storm%20Fred%20%282021%29
|
Tropical Storm Fred (2021)
|
Fred's circulation continued to become better defined as reconnaissance aircraft data further confirmed the storm had intensified slightly with winds at . Shortly after, Fred made landfall just west of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic at around 18:00 UTC that day. Fred's circulation was quickly disrupted by the mountainous terrain of the island of Hispaniola, weakening to a tropical depression over the central part of the island early on August 12. After emerging back over the waters north of the Windward Passage at 09:00 UTC, Fred had lost a majority of its thunderstorm activity over the center which itself had become broad and ill-defined, further exacerbated by 20 knots of westerly wind shear inflicted by an upper-level trough near Florida. As Fred slowly drifted west-northwestward, continued unfavorable conditions led to Fred struggling to re-organize, with its mid-level and low-level centers being displaced around from each other according to reconnaissance aircraft data. Fred shifted almost due westward and its low-level center moved inland over northern Cuba around 18:00 UTC on August 14. Jogging a little further west than forecasted, continued land interaction with Cuba and wind shear caused Fred to degenerate into a tropical wave at 15:00 UTC on August 14, although advisories continued due to a potential land threat to Florida and the possibility of regeneration.
| 2.109375
| 0
|
68451200
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20Storm%20Fred%20%282021%29
|
Tropical Storm Fred (2021)
|
Around 39,200 users of Duke Energy in the Carolinas lost electricity as trees across the state were knocked down while Fred moved north. Even before Fred, some areas had as much as six inches of rain in three days, so the ground was saturated. Fred caused record-breaking flooding in some portions of western North Carolina, with Asheville receiving over of rain in a 48-hour period, leading to the issuance of a flash flood emergency. Residents in the nearby town of Swannanoa were asked to shelter-in-place due to the flash flooding. Among the worst-hit areas, some homes were completely destroyed and several roads and bridges washed out. River water levels were estimated to have swelled anywhere from 3 to 7 feet (0.9 to 2.1 m) higher than usual. Mudslides blocked portions of Interstate 40 in Haywood County as well as other roads across western North Carolina. Weather radar estimated that 10 to 12 inches of rain fell over the Pisgah National Forest area; nearby, in Cruso, 9.13 inches of rain was recorded within 24 hours. Buncombe County recorded its worst two-day rainfall event in 50 years from August 16–17. North Carolina Emergency Management deployed water rescue teams, while National Guard and Highway Patrol helicopters began searches around the same time. Over 200 search and rescue personnel went house-to-house checking for survivors along the Pigeon River. Several homes were ripped off their foundations and destroyed, a sheriff from the Haywood Counfy Sheriff Department noted. The Pigeon River swelled higher than usual and suffered its worst flooding recorded, higher than the floods caused by Hurricane Ivan in 2004. Central Haywood High School was deemed inoperable after flooding, forcing students to revert to remote learning. In Cruso, North Carolina, 6 people died due to severe flooding in the region, the final missing individual's body being recovered on August 27
| 2.203125
| 0
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68452425
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffa%20Gola%20Dewerahmedo
|
Chaffa Gola Dewerahmedo
|
Chaffa Gola Dewerahmedo ("Chaffa Gola and Dewerahmedo") was a woreda in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Oromia Zone, Chaffa Gola Dewerahmedo was bordered on the south by Artuma Fursi Jilee, on the southwest by the Semien Shewa Zone, on the west by the Debub Wollo Zone, on the north by Baati, and on the east by the Afar Region. Towns in Chaffa Gola Dewerahmedo included Bora and Kamisee; the villages of Shonke and T’ollaha were also located in this woreda, and notable as being communities where the Argobba language is spoken. Chaffa Gola Dewerahmedo was divided for Dawa Chaffa and Dawa Harewa woredas and Kamisee town.
Elevations in Chaffa Gola Dewerahmedo range between 1000 and 2000 meters above sea level. The paved highway connecting Addis Ababa with towns as far north as Adigrat passes through this woreda. Notable rivers include the Borkana, whose swampy valley is used as a grazing area for about 100,000 cattle, 60,000 of which come from outside of the Oromia Zone.
Demographics
Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 226,523, of whom 112,732 are men and 113,791 are women; 9.28% or 21,031 of its population are urban dwellers, which is less than the Zone average of 10.8%. With an estimated area of 1,212.03 square kilometers, Chaffa Gola Dewerahmedo has an estimated population density of 186.9 people per square kilometer, which is greater than the Zone average of 144.12.
| 2.640625
| 0
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68452659
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesuba
|
Gesuba
|
Gesuba (Ge'ez: ገሱባ) or (Wolaita: Gasuubba) is a city in Offa Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia. The approximate distance from the town of Sodo is about 33 kilometers to Southwest. And also the distance from Addis Ababa to Gesuba is 352 km via Butajira-Sodo to South. Gesuba town is used as an administrative capital of Offa woreda. It is located at an elevation of 1,549 meters above sea level. Gesuba is a populated place in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples regional state. Gesuba town is one of the seven municipal
administrations found in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia. It is a town with more than 30,000
populations and has two high schools.
The amenities in the town are 24 hours electric light, pure water service, kindergarten, primary and high schools, health center, everyday public market and others. Gesuba lies between about 6°43'27"N 37°33'24"E.
Climate
October and September are moderately hot autumn months in Gesuba, Wolaita Ethiopia, with average temperature varying between 13.9 °C (57 °F) and 25.9 °C (78.6 °F). In October, the average high-temperature is essentially the same as in September is a still warm 25.9 °C (78.6 °F).
Demographics
Gesuba is one of populated places in the South Ethiopia Regional State. The town, Gesuba has a total population of 13,927. Among these Males count 6,870 and Females count 7,057.
| 2.296875
| 0
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68452692
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channa%20aurolineata
|
Channa aurolineata
|
Channa aurolineata is a species of Asian snakehead in the family Channidae. It is found natively in most of Myanmar's waterways as well as the Mae Khlong drainage in Thailand. There is also an invasive population found in Southeast Florida, United States. This species was recently split from C. marulius, the bullseye snakehead, and confirmed as a separate species in 2018; and the Florida and Thailand populations were not discovered to be C. aurolineata until even more recently in 2019. Before this, the Thailand population's species was unknown and the Florida ones were assumed to be C. marulius. C. aurolineata was able to be separated as a new species and identified in other areas due to slight differences in color pattern, lateral line scale and fin ray morphology, and DNA structure from the other species in the marulius complex.
There is no record of what the average lifespan of C. aurolineata is. On March 18, 2024, Pata Zoo in Thailand announced to permanently stop exhibiting C. aurolineata that the zoo has raised named Pi-lim () because it is old, has cloudy eyes, and refuses to eat food. The zoo has raised him for 20 years.
| 2.203125
| 0
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68453225
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/127th%20Rifle%20Division%20%28May%201943%20formation%29
|
127th Rifle Division (May 1943 formation)
|
From January 1945 the 127th attacked during the Vistula–Oder, Sandomierz–Silesian, Lower Silesian, and Berlin Offensives. On 25 April Mladentsev was transferred to serve as deputy commander of the 120th Rifle Corps, and Colonel Nikolai Viktorovich Krasovsky, commander of the 197th Rifle Division of the army, took command of the 127th. During the Berlin Offensive, the division broke through German defenses on the Neisse and Spree, fighting in the destruction of the Halbe pocket in the region of Luckenwalde. The division ended the war in the Prague offensive and for its "exemplary completion of combat missions, valor and courage" during the capture of Prague was awarded the Order of Kutuzov, 2nd class, on 4 June. On the same day, the three rifle regiments and artillery regiment of the division were awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky and the 411th Separate Anti-Tank Battalion the Order of the Red Star for their contributions to the destruction of the Halbe pocket.
After the end of the war, the division was disbanded in June.
| 2.125
| 0
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68453702
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Comics%20Grid
|
The Comics Grid
|
The Comics Grid: Journal of Comics Scholarship is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering comics studies. The journal also publishes scholarly articles in comics form.
History
The project was originally conceived between 2009 and 2010 by comics scholars Roberto Bartual, Esther Claudio, Ernesto Priego, Greice Schneider, and Tony Venezia as a peer-reviewed comics studies blog. It became an open access peer-reviewed journal in 2013, published by Ubiquity Press. Since 2015 the journal is published by the Open Library of Humanities.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed by the Modern Language Association Database, Scopus, and the Emerging Sources Citation Index.
Side publications
The Comics Grid. Journal of Comics Scholarship. Year One is an open access 292-page ebook compilation of the journal's first volume of peer-reviewed short articles which were originally published on the Comics Grid WordPress platform between January 2011 and January 2012.
Webinar Series
The Comics Grid Webinar Series are online panels where two authors talk about their articles published recently in the journal. The webinars are live and the recordings are made available via YouTube.
Reception
The journal is included in the listing of journals at ComicsResearch.org and New York University Libraries' guide for students and researchers interested in comics and graphic novels.
A 2013 Working Paper from the Creativity, Regulation, Enterprise and Technology Research Centre University of Glasgow, titled "Writing About Comics and Copyright", focuses on the journal as a case study.
In 2017, the journal was nominated for a Digital Humanities Award in the Public Engagement category.
In 2018, two editors of the journal received an Open Scholarship Award 2018 Honorable Mention for their work advancing open access in comics studies.
| 1.992188
| 0
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68453981
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Kelley%20mansion
|
Alfred Kelley mansion
|
The Alfred Kelley mansion was a historic house in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. It was the home of Alfred Kelley, built in 1838. The house stayed in the family for decades, and was later an Ohio governor's mansion, and further on, a Catholic school. It was abandoned in the 1950s, and was deconstructed in 1961 in order to build the Christopher Inn (extant from 1963 to 1988). A preservation committee tried to move and rebuild the house; after years and several moves, the stone remnants were placed at the Hale Farm and Village near Akron in 1973, where they remain today.
Attributes
The Alfred Kelley house was a two-story house, measuring square and tall.
It was built with a warm gray sandstone from Eastern Ohio, designed in the Greek Revival style at the height of its popularity. It had a simple, symmetrical, and dignified design, presumably the work of Kelley himself. Its main portico, two stories in height, projected outward from the building. The portico's pediment was topped with a stepped parapet, an unusual feature. The other sides of the building each had recessed entrances, two stories in height, supported by two columns. The building had ten columns in total, all of the Ionic order and each constructed from a single piece of stone, said to weigh 10,000 lbs.
Kelley's property, which cost him $917 in 1831, had , from Broad Street north to Long Street, and from Fifth Street east to Seventh Street (now Grant Avenue). The house fronted Broad Street, where his property spanned . The property was deemed "Kelley's Folly" when purchased, as it was remote from most of Columbus at the time, and was mostly a wetland.
History
| 2.28125
| 0
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68453981
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Kelley%20mansion
|
Alfred Kelley mansion
|
The Kelley mansion was abandoned around 1959, and vandals ruined much of its interior. Around 1960, the building and its land were sold to a developer who built the Christopher Inn, and the Kelley house was offered for free to anyone willing to move it. In March 1961, the Ohio Historical Society and Franklin County Historical Society joined up with the Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts to form the Kelley House Committee, Inc., a group of preservationists aiming to preserve the mansion. The Kelley House Committee attempted to raise $100,000 to save and move the house. Fundraising was not successful, and in August 1961, the preservation committee decided to dismantle the house and store the pieces until enough money could be raised. About 300 photographs were taken of the building, and measurements and drawings were taken for its 3,000 stone blocks. The house was taken down under supervision in September 1961.
The committee asked for additional time on numerous occasions, and decided to move the stone blocks to Wolfe Park in Columbus, where the committee hoped to rebuild the house, creating a museum and memorial to Kelley. The large sandstone blocks remained in Wolfe Park for over four years when the city deemed them an eyesore; the committee still asked for more time. In 1966, the city ordered the stones to be removed, and so five truckloads of the mansion's stones were dumped on the banks of the Scioto Big Run at Big Run Park. After eight months, the stone blocks were moved to the Ohio State Fairgrounds, where it was proposed they could be used in the proposed Ohio Village. In 1971, after sitting in the fairgrounds parking lot for about four years, the Ohio Exposition Commission ordered the stones to be moved or buried. In 1972, the Ohio Historical Society nominated the ruins to the National Register of Historic Places, while noting that the disassembled house did not strictly comply with the register's criteria.
| 2.140625
| 0
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68454062
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raosaheb%20Gogte
|
Raosaheb Gogte
|
Balkrishna Mahadev Gogte (IAST: Bāḷakr̥shṇa Mahādeva Gogaṭe; 16 September 1916 – 26 February 2000), known colloquially as Raosaheb Gogte (IAST: Rāvasāheba Gogaṭe), was an Indian lawyer, industrialist, philanthropist and educationist.
Gogte was the founder of the Gogte Group of companies, involved in mining, minerals, salts and textiles. He gave his name to the Gogte Institute of Technology, Gogte College of Commerce, the Gogte Hall at the Shivaji Park Gymkhana in Dadar, Mumbai, the Gogte Suite at the Oberoi Hotel in Mumbai, the Gogte Hall at the Belgaum Chamber of Commerce, and the Gogte Circle in Belgaum.
Biography
Early life, family and education: 1916–1936
Gogte was born on 16 September 1916 at Tembhu, at the time a part of the Bombay Presidency, to Dr. Mahadev Gogte (1891–1953) and Kamlabai Gogte (née Ambutai Latey). Their family was Chitpavan brahmin, and was established as the gharana at Karad since Gogte's grandfather's time. Gogte's father was a practicing surgeon in Karad, with an L. M. & S. from the National Medical College in Calcutta, while his mother hailed from the aristocratic Latey (Bhagwat) family who had been hereditary castellans of the Sadashivgad in Karad under the Peshwas since the Battle of Kharda in 1795.
Gogte was born the eldest of five children, he had two younger brothers and two younger sisters. Through his brother Vaman, Gogte was a paternal uncle to Anjali Dandekar, the first wife of Kokuyo Camlin head Dilip Dandekar, and to Jayant, husband of academician Jyoti Gogte. Through his brother Vasudev, Gogte was a paternal uncle to Rekha Agashe, the wife of BCCI vice-president Dnyaneshwar Agashe, and thus a great-uncle to Mandar, Ashutosh and Sheetal Agashe. He was also a great-uncle of poet Rashmi Parekh, the granddaughter of his brother Vasudev through his second daughter Madhuri.
| 1.953125
| 0
|
68454213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Gilbert%20Livingston
|
Robert Gilbert Livingston
|
Maj. Robert Gilbert Livingston (December 24, 1712 – August 27, 1789) was an American merchant and a Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War.
Early life
Livingston was born on December 24, 1712, in Kingston in the Province of New York, a part of British America. He was the eldest of fourteen children born to Cornelia (née Beekman) Livingston (1693–1742) and Gilbert Livingston (1690–1746), a lawyer and politician in colonial New York. Among his siblings were Alida Livingston (wife of Jacob Rutsen and Hendrick van Rensselaer), Joanna Livingston (wife of Pierre Van Cortlandt), Margaret Livingston (wife of Peter Stuyvesant).
His maternal grandparents were Joanna (née Lopers) Beekman and Hendrick Beekman, a large landowner, Colonel of Militia, and member of the New York General Assembly for over 40 years. His father was a younger son of Alida (née Schuyler) Van Rensselaer Livingston and Robert Livingston the Elder, the first Lord of Livingston Manor, who amassed one of the largest fortunes in 17th-century New York.
Career
During the American Revolutionary War, Livingston was a prominent Loyalist who fought with the British Army, reaching the rank of Major.
Livingston was a successful merchant and had a shop next to Samuel Hake, his son-in-law who was a wholesale merchant.
Personal life
In 1740, Livingston was married to Catharina McPheadres (1722–1792), a daughter of John McPheadris and Helena (née Johnson) McPheadris. Together, they were the parents of:
Robert Gilbert Livingston Jr. (1749–1791), who married Margaret Hude (1751–1824).
Helen Livingston (1751–1791), who married Samuel Hake, Commissary General of the British Army in North America.
Catherine Livingston (1756–1829), who married John Reade (1745–1808).
Gilbert Robert Livingston (1758–1816), who married Martha De Lancey Kane (1758–1843).
Henry Gilbert Livingston (1758–1817), who married Ann Nutter.
Simon Johnson Livingston (b. 1762)
| 2.3125
| 0
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68454306
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%20Schott
|
Johannes Schott
|
Some 130 titles from his press are known, but the real number probably exceeds 150. They include many humanistic works (from Italian scholars and Germans, particularly Ulrich von Hutten), and also classical literature. When Martin Luther began his efforts to reform the Catholic church, Schott put his press to the service of the Reformation, maintaining a personal relationship with Luther besides a professional one. Schott printed Luther's so-called Invocavit Sermons, based on notes sent to him by people in Wittenberg. Schott also printed Ulrich von Hutten's Ulrichi ab Hutten cum Erasmo Rotirodamo, Presbytero, Theologo, Expostulatio (part of von Hutten's polemic with Desiderius Erasmus), which contained a woodcut of von Hutten and Erasmus; it was thought (in 1850) to be the earliest known woodcut of the latter. He also published books on medicine, many of which were reprinted, even abroad. Like his father, he valued the esthetics of his books; a number of them are embellished richly with woodprints, some of which by Hans Baldung and Hans Wechtlin. Schott's formschneider or block-cutter was (according to the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie) the first to create chiaroscuro woodcuts with three blocks.
| 2.015625
| 0
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68454437
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Together%20for%20the%20Gospel
|
Together for the Gospel
|
Together for the Gospel (T4G) was a biennial conference for Christian leaders. It was formed in 2006 by Mark Dever, Ligon Duncan, C. J. Mahaney, and Albert Mohler. These men were all associated with the New Calvinism movement although they differed on issues such as baptism and charismatic gifts. The first conference also included John Piper, John F. MacArthur, and R. C. Sproul as speakers. The stated aim of the conference was to "encourage and aid ministry leaders with three days of biblical preaching, fellowship, books, and singing." It was held in Louisville, Kentucky. Other speakers included Matt Chandler, Kevin DeYoung, and David Platt.
Mahaney withdrew as a speaker from the 2014 conference due to the Sovereign Grace Churches sex abuse scandal. He returned in 2016 but withdrew again in 2018. Baptist News Global noted that in 2020 John MacArthur was absent and suggested a possible rift over social justice issues: MacArthur had signed the Statement on Social Justice and the Gospel but Al Mohler had not. The 2020 conference was held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2021, Mohler left the group and Dever and Duncan subsequently announced that the 2022 conference would be the last.
| 1.929688
| 0
|
68454851
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20L%C3%A9a%20Salgado-Labouriau
|
Maria Léa Salgado-Labouriau
|
Maria Léa Salgado-Labouriau (2 August 1931 – 13 July 2013) was a Brazilian scientist specialised in palaeobotany whose work in present and past ecology led her to be internationally known in her field. She was an emeritus professor at the University of Brasília (Brazil).
Biography and scientific career
Maria Léa was born in Rio de Janeiro but grew up and spent a good part of her adult life in Minas Gerais. She completed her degree in Natural History at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in 1958, and her PhD in Biological Sciences (Botanics) at the University of São Paulo in 1972. Her research focused on the study of thousands of years old crystallised pollen from plants, spores and microscopic algae found in sediments from the quaternary period in the area of Planalto in the ecoregion of the Cerrado.
In 1974, she joined the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), where she worked as a researcher until 1987.
In 1979, she moved to the United States, where she realised her post-doctoral studies in Palynology, Pollen Morphology and Botanics at the Smithsonian Institution. Then, at the University of Minnesota, she studied Environmental Geology, Stratigraphic Palaeontology and Geographic Climatology.
Back in Brazil in 1988 she became a titular professor at the Institute of Geosciences at the University of Brasília, where she worked until her retirement in 1993.
Contributions and legacy
Her main scientific contributions are related to the study of the environment in the high mountains in the Andes range and at the central area of area of Planalto (Cerrado), with insights into climate evolution in the past. She used this knowledge to do more research on the regeneration of the vegetation of the climate. She also played an important role in the education of numerous scientific researchers.
| 2.15625
| 0
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68455758
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotiana%20insecticida
|
Nicotiana insecticida
|
Nicotiana insecticida is a species of plant of the family Solanaceae native to Western Australia. A wild tobacco, it is covered in sticky glandular hairs that trap and kill small insects, including gnats, aphids, and flies. It is the first wild tobacco plant discovered to kill insects. It grows to a height of and has leaves that are between long and wide. The height of its flowering is in late winter to spring. Its white flowers regularly self-pollinate, producing dry fruit and seeds. The plants are annual and wither after fruiting. Often growing in the shade of mulga or gum trees or on the shady sides of rocks or in caves, it ranges from near the Indian Ocean in north-western Western Australia to central portions of the Northern Territory, mostly north of the Tropic of Capricorn. Botanists Mark Wayne Chase and Maarten J. M. Christenhusz wrote the species description in 2021. Nicotiana insecticida is remarkable in its insect trapping abilities. The species epithet, insecticida, is Latin for insect killer, and refers to this species killing many small insects with its extremely sticky hairs.
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68455897
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/96th%20Guards%20Rifle%20Division
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96th Guards Rifle Division
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On June 25 the 28th Army broke into the lines of the 35th and 129th Infantry Divisions in five places. The 129th Infantry, by now reduced to the size of a regiment, was forced to rotate to the west, leaving a gap on its corps' north flank. Meanwhile, the 18th Rifle Corps of 65th Army was scattering the remnants of 35th Infantry and widening the gap, which was entered by Cavalry Mechanized Group Pliev. By the evening of June 28 Pliev's 30th Cavalry Division reached the outskirts of Slutsk, as the rifle divisions of 28th Army were making their best speed to keep up with the advance of the mobile group. By June 30 German reinforcements were arriving, including elements of the 4th Panzer Division at Baranavichy which were sent to block the road to Slutsk. From June 22 to July 3 the 28th Army and the Pliev Group had forced a German retreat of 250 km to the vicinity of Stowbtsy, but the advance now paused to bring up supplies to overcome the increasing resistance. On July 23 the 96th Guards as a whole would receive the Order of Lenin while, unusually, its 295th Guards Rifle Regiment would be given the Order of the Red Banner in the same decree, both for their parts in the liberation of the Minsk region.
During the first week of the offensive Lt. Colonel Voloshin had continued to lead his 295th Guards Regiment with distinction, often in advance of the division. On the first day it took the village of Yeletsy, helping to open one of the gaps in the German lines. Overnight on June 26/27 an outflanking maneuver ended in the capture of three batteries of heavy artillery. The next day the Regiment forced the Ptsich River and seized the village of Glusk. Up to July 2 the 295th accounted for about 1,500 German officers and soldiers killed or severely wounded; six tanks or self-propelled guns, 30 guns and mortars, 80 machine guns and more than 100 German prisoners captured; plus 25 supply depots and 85 settlements taken. On March 24, 1945, Voloshin would be made a Hero of the Soviet Union.
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68455955
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1837%20Poonch%20Revolt
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1837 Poonch Revolt
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In 1832, Gulab Singh and his brother Dhian Singh made an appeal to Ranjit Singh, requesting him to put an end to the resistance of Poonch. Their appeal was accepted, and Ranjit Singh attacked Poonch with an army numbering up to sixty-thousand, bringing with him an assortment of hill-cannons. The hill-cannons were particularly deadly, damaging the local fortifications with ease. Initially, the tribal coalition had made the decision to resist the Sikhs, however after realizing the overwhelming superiority of the Sikh forces and inevitability of a defeat, the tribal coalition approached Ranjit Singh with a peace agrement, in which they would acknowledge his suzerainty over the western Poonch hills, which Ranjit accepted. As was tradition, since the Sudhan led coalition had approached for peace before any combat had occurred, they would be allowed to retain autonomy over the region and Shams Khan and the other sardars were not deprived of their rulership, but were now subject to the Sikh Empire, with taxes being established. The conquest ended without any significant bloodshed.
The leader of the coalition, Shams Khan and his family had been taken as hostages, as part of the peace agreement, and relocated to Lahore, where Shams would have representation in the Sikh court and manage the affairs of his tribe from there. He was given to the care of Dhian Singh, who began to grow a liking for him.
Despite the peace agreement with Ranjit, Gulab Singh and Dhian Singh had intentions to incorporate the autonomous state into Poonch, through which they could have full control over it, which created tensions between the tribals and the Dogras. In the year 1836, Shams had arrived home from the court of Dhian Singh with his permission, and began to rally support with the local tribes. At around the same time, the Yusufzai had begun a revolt against the Sikh Empire, the leader of the Dogras Gulab Singh had to march to Peshawar deal with the threat.
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68456850
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatle%20Country
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Beatle Country
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The Beatles' songs the Charles River Valley Boys selected for the album varied chronologically from the December 1963 B-side "I Saw Her Standing There" to the August 1966 A-side "Yellow Submarine". Some picks were from the Beatles' latest and increasingly experimental releases, which Turner writes allowed the album to serve "as a contemporary bluegrass commentary on the growing experimentalism of the Beatles songbook". Several display complex chord progression that exist outside of the harmonic standards of bluegrass; in arranging them, Field recalled a process whereby they "intentionally 'countrified' the chords... flattening [them] out a little bit". Turner mentions several bluegrass motifs being worked in across the album, such as: "the
rhythmic impetus and timbre of the 'rolling' banjo motifs, persistently driving upright bass, occasional utilization of vocal techniques like Val's 'high lonesome' tenor, and an abundance of solo instrumental breaks".
The structural changes are incorporated on the album's opening track, "I've Just Seen a Face", later characterized by Field as the foundation piece of the entire album. Where the original includes only one instrumental break for a guitar solo, the cover adds extra breaks for banjo, mandolin and fiddle – a typical feature of bluegrass music, where each musician is allowed the chance to solo. Additionally, the original includes only one chorus, not including its final iteration, while the cover repeats the chorus twice. Turner opines that this serves to emphasize the "quintessential bluegrass technique" of close three-part harmonies. She describes the biggest differences between versions as consisting in their different textures and timbres, and in particular the Charles River Valley Boys' "incessant, 'walking' upright bass line that provides energetic drive, sparking mandolin tremolo, rolling banjo figures, and intricate, often double-stopped fiddle motifs that permeate the texture".
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68457018
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebellion%20of%20Sheikh%20Ahmad%20Madani
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Rebellion of Sheikh Ahmad Madani
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In 1732 Mohammad Khan Baloch was sent with some 12,000 men to destroy Sheikh Ahmad Madani. However, he instead dealt with his own feud with the governor of Jahrom and did nothing to stop the rebels. In the autumn of 1733 Mohammad Khan Baloch revolted against Tahmasp Qoli Khan with the help of Sheikh Ahmad Madani, and this was the last straw. Nader Shah marched against the rebels with the assistance of the Dutch and English. By May 1734, Ahmad's stronghold at Maragh had fallen and Sheikh Ahmad Madani was captured. By the middle of June 1734 the Campaign against Sheikh Ahmad Madani was over. However, some remnants of the rebellions of Sheikh Ahmad Madani and Mohammad Khan Baloch fled to Kish and held it against Safavid forces for a brief period.
Background
Hotak Campaigns in Lar and the Garmsirat
When Sultan Husayn abdicated on October 23 to Mahmud Hotak, the Hotaks didn't control much of the country. They slowly consolidated their position around Isfahan by taking notable villages and towns in Iraq-e Ajam and then moved south. On July 7, 1723, A Hotaki force moved out of Isfahan to besiege Shiraz. They first subdued Hajji Baqer, the Arab warlord that controlled the district of Qomisheh and besieged Shiraz by July 28. On April 14, 1724, Shiraz fell, allowing Hotak forces to spread to take more major towns in the South. In late June 1724 Lar was occupied by the Afghans, and on November 3 Bandar Abbas was occupied by an Afghan force coming from Lar. The Afghans were only able to control the major cities during their occupation of Iran. As Willem Floor notes in his book "The Rise and Fall of Nader Shah: Dutch East India Company Reports, 1730-1747":
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68457334
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampette
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Lampette
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The miniature 12-volt DC automotive-type #93 lightbulb utilized by Tensor, Lampette, and other designers of similar products, are smaller than the standard household 110/220-volt AC incandescent light bulb but produced more lumens in a smaller area, so that the lamp bulbs burn out at an increased rate. While standard bulbs last around 1,000 hours, the miniature bulbs used in these lamps last on average between 250 and 600 hours. There were issues with the shades getting hot to the touch, alongside electrical hazards, etc. This was why safety became a talking point regarding high-intensity lamps.
The Lampette's specifications varied from designer, and many differed visually and internally. Many different renditions and models of the Lampette were sold over the years, and this is seen in the wide variety of Lampette models that can be found for sale today, though most have a generally similar appearance.
A model E6 Lampette Reading Lamp, made 1963, is displayed at the Museum of Modern Art, along with specifications. The model is made of plastic and metal, with dimensions of when extended, and when folded.
Lampette models utilized built-in transformers which convert standard household 110/220-volt AC obtained through wall plugs to 12-volt DC to light the bulb.
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68457782
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado%20outbreak%20of%20July%2028%E2%80%9329%2C%202021
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Tornado outbreak of July 28–29, 2021
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An unusually prolific summer tornado outbreak affected parts of the Northern United States from the late evening and overnight hours of July 28 into the early morning hours of July 29. It started with a powerful line of severe thunderstorms that produced widespread damaging straight-line winds and multiple embedded weak tornadoes across the state of Wisconsin. During the afternoon and evening of July 29, numerous tornadic supercells developed across portions of the Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic regions, producing many tornadoes. A few of the tornadoes were strong and damaging, including an EF3 tornado that caused severe damage in the Philadelphia suburbs of Trevose and Bensalem.
A motorist was killed after driving into a tree felled by straight line-winds near Ripon, Wisconsin, though no tornado-related fatalities occurred. The tornado outbreak was the largest for the combined region of southeast Pennsylvania and New Jersey on record.
Meteorological synopsis
On the morning of July 28, the SPC issued a moderate risk for much of Wisconsin, with an enhanced risk area extending from eastern Minnesota to southern Michigan, and southward into the extreme northern portions of Illinois and Indiana. As a frontal-wave low and associated warm front moved across the Great Lakes region, an extremely unstable and increasingly moist environment was in place across part of Minnesota and most of Wisconsin. By the late afternoon and early evening hours, significant moisture advection and daytime heating had occurred, with steep lapse rates present and CAPE values reaching up to 4500 J/kg across the threat area. With the aforementioned parameters in place, the potential existed for a significant, widespread damaging straight-line wind event to occur, potentially reaching derecho criteria. However, with helicity values at up to 600 J/kg, and effective shear reaching 70 kts, a secondary threat for tornadic supercells and embedded circulations within the line was also present, and a 10% risk area for tornadoes was outlined.
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68458542
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torreya%20Guardians
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Torreya Guardians
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The Torreya Guardians is a self-organized group of conservationists dedicated to facilitating the assisted migration of the Florida torreya by rewilding it further north than its native range in Florida and Georgia. Founded in the early 2000s, the group is often mentioned as an instigator of the assisted migration of forests in North America for conservation and climate adaptation purposes. It is an example of citizen-initiated citizen science.
Background
The endangered Florida torreya
The Florida Torreya (Torreya taxifolia) is an endangered tree of the yew family, Taxaceae, found in the Southeastern United States, at the state border region of northern Florida and southwestern Georgia.
T. taxifolia became one of the first federally listed endangered plant species in the United States in 1984; the IUCN has listed the species as critically endangered since 1998. It is considered "the rarest conifer in North America." In 2010 98% of the mature trees of the species were believed to have been destroyed due to a poorly understood fungal blight as well as inundation due to dams and destruction by deer using trees as antler rubbing posts. In 2019 a staff biologist for the park in northern Florida named for this tree, Torreya State Park, spoke of this species as being "functionally extinct in the wild."
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68458542
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torreya%20Guardians
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Torreya Guardians
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Climate change
Climate change is increasing the average temperatures of American forests. Forests in the contiguous United States have experienced a 0.8 °C increase since 1900. That some native trees already lag in northward range expansion was known in the 20th Century, and has increased during 21st Century warming. A classic paper by forestry scientist Margaret B. Davis was published in 1989 and titled, "Lags in vegetation response to greenhouse warming." She concluded, "To track climatic changes in the future, caused by the greenhouse effect, however, their range limit would need to move northward 100 km per °C warming.... Many species of trees may not be able to disperse rapidly enough to track climate, and woodland herbs, which have less efficient seed dispersal mechanisms, may be in danger of extinction." In 2020, the U.S. National Park Service began seriously considering how to adapt park ecologies to a rapidly changing climate—including helping iconic tree species (Joshua Tree and Giant Sequoia, for which several parks are named) to move upslope or poleward faster than they can do on their own.
Origins
The Torreya Guardians were founded in 2004 by Connie Barlow, an American science writer and amateur horticulturalist. The group is composed of citizens hailing from diverse professions, mostly based in the states of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Ohio. Before their formation, they were searching for ways to better protect Torreya taxifolia from extinction. They worried that traditional conservation measures focused on rehabilitating the tree in its historical range were destined to fail, as well as being very expensive.
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