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69762370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20B.%20Jones	Henry B. Jones	As a portrait painter Jones painted a portrait of Dr. Henry McKee Minton, an African American pharmacist who helped found Mercy Hospital for Black people in Philadelphia. The portrait is in the collection of the Mutter Museum in the city. When Jones died, an obituary in the Philadelphia Tribune in 1971 stated that he had also painted a portrait of Dr. Eugene T. Hinson, also a founder of Mercy Hospital, and that both portraits were hanging in the lobby of Mercy-Douglass Hospital. Jones, Freelon, Minton and Hinson were members of the Philadelphia Club, an organization for Black men who were born in Philadelphia. The obituary also mentioned that a portrait he painted of Frederick Douglass was in the Douglass School in Wilmington, DE. In 1913, Crisis magazine stated that he had created two portraits of Douglass. He painted a portrait of the then-publisher of the Philadelphia Tribune, E. Washington Rhodes, in 1957. His death Jones died on April 1, 1971, in Ambler, PA, after having lived for four years in a convalescence home. Exhibitions	2.40625
69762529	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystisoma	Cystisoma	Cystisoma is a genus of amphipod. It is the only member of the family Cystisomatidae within the Hyperiidea. The genus is noted for its nearly completely transparent body, adapted for life in low light waters. Description Gallery Cystisoma are characterized by unpigmented, transparent bodies which render them essentially invisible in water unless under precisely angled lighting. Only their eyes are pigmented. There is only a single pair of eyes which are large and directed upwards, being spread into a thin sheet on the upper surface of the head. This is likely an adaption of life in the ocean depths, where the only major light source is from above. Marine biologists at Duke University and the Smithsonian analyzed the crustacean's shell and discovered that it was covered in microscopic spheres that significantly reduce reflected light, thus giving the organism an antireflective coating. The spheres are believed to be bacteria due to their morphology and method of reproduction. Minute structures called nanoprotuberances were also observed on the Cystisoma's body, notably on the organism's legs. Researchers believe that they act as a buffer between light and the amphipod's body, significantly reducing surface reflection. Size Cystisoma are the largest of hyperiids, reaching lengths over 100 mm. Distribution Cystisoma inhabit the dim epipelagic and mesopelagic zones. They can be found in all of the world's oceans. They appear to be freely swimming organisms and unlike other hyperiids, do not appear to be closely associated with salps. Species Cystisoma fabricii Stebbing, 1888 Cystisoma gershwinae Zeidler, 2003 Cystisoma latipes (Stephensen, 1918) Cystisoma longipes (Bovallius, 1886) Cystisoma magna (Woltereck, 1903) Cystisoma pellucida (Willemöes-Suhm, 1873)	2.984375
69764904	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gis%C3%A8le%20d%27Estoc	Gisèle d'Estoc	Gisèle d'Estoc, pseudonym of Marie-Paule Alice Courbe (27 March 1845 – 8 May 1894), was a French writer, sculptor, and feminist. She was also a duellist and cross dresser. Madame Paule Parent Des Barres was either her married name or another pseudonym, while her pen names included, Gyz-El and G. d’Estoc. Biography Gisèle d'Estoc was born as Marie-Paule Alice Courbe on 27 March 1845, in Nancy. She studied sculpture with Delorme and Chapu, exhibiting her works at the Salon, the official art exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris, until 1899. She exhibited Un peintre, a bas-relief in plaster in the sculpture section at the Palais des Champs-Elysées on May 2, 1881, her entry in the event catalogue referring to her as "PARENT DES BARRES (Mme Paule-Marie-Alice, nee COURBE)". The following year, at the same event, she exhibited Tête d'Etude, a bust in dyed plaster, the catalogue referring to her by the same name as the year before. During this time, she began a very strong, friendly relationship with Marie-Edmée Pau, also an artist, in which the two young women developed their affinity for Joan of Arc by exploring gender identities, according to Melanie C. Hawthorne. At the end of the Second French Empire, continuing to refer to herself as "Mme Paule Parent-Desbarres", she moved to Paris and began a literary career, her favorite themes being social justice and feminism. She maintained women should be accountable for their actions, notably criticizing the journalist Séverine in 1890 for having sent her husband to fight a duel for her. She concluded her diatribe with "à capacités égales salaire égal" (equal skills, equal pay).	2.1875
69764943	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations	Czechoslovakia–United States relations	Due to the United States' investment and involvement in Czechoslovakia's independence and its support for the government in exile, Czechoslovakia owed one hundred and ten million dollars. The country was seventh on the list of the World War Foreign Debts Commission Act. Loans given by the U.S included American Relief Administration supplies, repatriation of the Legionaries from Russia, purchases of military materials, and accrued interest. Czechoslovakia recognized the majority of its debts to America but tried to negotiate a more favorable position regarding repayment of the loans Negotiations lasted for a few years and finished in 1925 when the State Department blocked negotiations between Czech and American financial representatives over new loans and credits. As a result, Czechoslovakia was forced to sign the debt agreement which provided a 62-year term of payment and a total of three hundred and twelve million. This allowed for further American investment in the country. Issue of the debt and its payment wouldn't occur again until Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration which tried to work new agreements for the full payment of the debts but all payments stopped in 1934 during which Czechoslovakia paid twenty million. The issue was raised again in 1937 when the Czechoslovak government showed interest in new loans and with their intent to start new discussions on an agreement. But with looming conflict with Nazi Germany, all talks ended with the annexation of the Sudetenland and Occupation of Czechoslovakia. The U.S. Congress proposed to shift Czechoslovakia's debts to Germany but never materialized due to the high probability of the Nazi regime's unwillingness to pay it. World War Two	3.015625
69765694	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyu%20Kingdom%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations	Ryukyu Kingdom–United States relations	The Ryukyu Kingdom and the United States formally recognized each other in 1857, but never formally established diplomatic relations. Since the Kingdom was a tributary state to China, formal relations could only be conducted by both China and Japan. The relationship between both countries were merely economic as the U.S. much like its European counterparts were interested in establishing trade routes accessing the Kingdom's ports. History On July 11, 1854, U.S. Commodore Matthew C. Perry signed the Convention between the Lew Chew Islands and the United States of America with the Kingdom which stipulated "Hereafter, whenever Citizens of the United States come to Lew Chew, they shall be treated with great courtesy and friendship. Whatever Articles these persons ask for, whether from the officers or people, which the Country can furnish, shall be sold to them; nor shall the authorities interpose any prohibitory regulations to the people selling, and whatever either party may wish to buy shall be exchanged at reasonable prices." The price for hiring U.S. vessels out of the harbor were set at five dollars. Following the signing of the treaty, the Japanese government had been making inroads toward taking control of the islands that now constitute the Okinawa Prefecture. Japan had instituted that all business by foreign governments pertaining to Ryukyu be conducted through the Japanese Department of Foreign Affairs. The position of the United States was that the independence of the islands "was a disputed matter in which the United States could not interfere unless its rights under treaty stipulations with any of the powers concerned in the controversy be endangered." The question was resolved in 1879 when Japan took control of the islands overthrowing the Kingdom ending all relations between the now-former Kingdom and the United States.	2.8125
69766295	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard%20Feuer	Eduard Feuer	Feuer was the project engineer for the design of the lifts and stages for the American Adventure pavilion and the ride system for the World of Motion pavilion at Epcot. Feuer was the project engineer for Mark V Monorail prior to leaving Disney in 1985 and co-founding Ride & Show Engineering, Inc. with Bill Watkins the Chief Engineer at Imagineering. The company's first project was to redesign and rehabilitate the chassis and install new bodies for the Disneyland Mark V monorail together with Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm (MBB) of Germany. Disney contracted Ride & Show in 1987 to design and supply the Norway Pavilion boat ride system at Epcot. In 1988, Feuer and Watkins collaborated with past Disney Imagineers Don Iwerks and David Snyder to create a three-axis motion theater, the TurboTour Theater, for the Ride & Show and Iwerks joint venture company Ridewerks, Ltd. The TurboRide theater was probably one of the most successful product lines ever produced in specialty attractions. Feuer, with his company, designed and produced the House of Blues stage and swinging bar on Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, as well as the stages for House of Blues in Chicago, Orlando and Myrtle Beach. SPF: architects principal Zoltan Pali collaborated with Feuer and his company to design and produce the stage lifts, performance platform and canopy entrance for the Virgin Megastore at Downtown Disney (now known as Disney Springs) in Orlando, Florida. Artist and sculptor Robert Graham commissioned Feuer and his company to design, engineer and fabricate the 50,000 lb Great Bronze Doors for the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles.	2.015625
69767794	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna%20Guild%20of%20Silk%20Weavers	Bologna Guild of Silk Weavers	The Bologna Guild of Silk Weavers (Hebrew: בעלי ברית עושי מלאכת המשי) were a guild of Jewish silk weavers in Bologna during the 1530s and 1540s. Hebrew printing activities Bologna Jewry has had a history of Jewish guild owners, including Abraham Dei Tintori, a dyer who printed the first Hebrew Bible in Bologna in 1482 (the first Hebrew book to be printed there was likely in 1477, an editio princeps of David Kimchi's work. This book was the first Hebrew Pentateuch with nikkud, with the commentaries of Rashi and Targum. The Bologna Guild of Silk Weavers operated a printing press with which they issued nine editions of Hebrew books between 1537–1540. Among these volumes were important liturgies, including a deluxe edition of the Machzor by Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken of Le Mans in 1537. In 2018, a special edition on vellum of this printing (formerly from the collection of Salman Schocken) was offered for sale at Sotheby's in New York. Other important sales included a painted edition of the prayer book on vellum from the Valmadonna Trust Library sale. Other important works printed by the Guild of Silk Weavers included the books by important Italian rabbis Menahem Recanati and Obadia ben Jacob Sforno, who was a resident in Bologna at the time of the Hebrew printing of his work on religious philosophy (called Or 'amim, "Light for the Nations"). Another book printed by the Guild of Silk Weavers in 1538 was "Torah or" by Joseph ibn Yaḥya ben David on the subjects of Paradise and Hell, which features the first printed image of the Menorah (Temple); the image is created from small printed words as a Micrographic image. The designer (presumably an artist in the guild) put the Menorah on a pedestal and not a marble base, as is shown on the Arch of Titus. Hebrew printed books from Bologna are very rare today, especially on the rare book market.	2.28125
69770929	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Bavaria%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations	Kingdom of Bavaria–United States relations	On May 26, 1868, the U.S. signed a Naturalization Treaty with the Kingdom of Bavaria. The treaty was negotiated and signed by U.S. Minister to the Kingdom of Bavaria George Bancroft and his Bavarian counterpart, Dr. Otto, Baron of Völderndorff, Councillor of Ministry. At the same time, U.S. Minister Plenipotentiary George Bancroft signed a naturalization treaty with Bavaria. At the time, Bancroft was also accredited to Kingdom of Prussia and the North German Confederation and, after 1871, to the German Empire. Yet, although Bancroft was recalled from his position in Berlin in 1874, at his own request, he was never officially recalled from the court of Bavaria. In 1895, four years after his death, Bancroft still officially stood as the diplomatic representative of the United States to Bavaria. Relations ended on February 3, 1917, when U.S. President Woodrow Wilson instructed Secretary of State Robert Lansing to notify the German Ambassador to the United States that all diplomatic relations between the U.S. and the German Empire were severed. As the foreign affairs of Imperial Germany were run out of Berlin and decided upon by the Kaiser, this constituted the severance of relations with Bavaria, as part of the German Empire. On April 6, 1917, Wilson declared war on Imperial Germany.	2.59375
69771966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Caister	Richard Caister	Veneration and legacy Caister was buried in the chancel of St Stephen's, and his burial place became a focus for pilgrimage throughout the 15th century. Kempe records that, even during his lifetime, Caister was a "holy man … whom God has exalted and showed and proved by miracles to be holy." After Caister's death, Kempe travelled to St Stephen's to pray for the healing of a priest. The priest was healed, and it is likely that this led to Caister's burial place becoming a shrine for pilgrimage in the latter half of the 15th century. The late 16th- and early 17th-century Roman Catholic scholar John Pits in his De Illustribus Angliae scriptoribus states that "both during [Caister’s] life and after his death [was] renowned for many miracles." St Stephen's was rebuilt in the 16th century, and Caister's burial place is now unmarked. Numerous designs of pilgrim badges of Caister survive, with examples held in collections in the British Museum, Museum of London, and Lynn Museum, The strongly partisan Protestant John Bale (Bishop of Ossory during the reign of Edward VI) claimed Caister as having Wycliffite views. Having become an almost-forgotten figure, awareness of Caister was revived in 2020, for the 600th anniversary of his death, by St Stephen's, which hosted the Richard Caister Project as a celebration of his life and legacy. The Project included a number of lectures on Caister and related subjects.	2.765625
69776876	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Jaeger	David Jaeger	David Jaeger (born 9 November 1947) is an American born Canadian composer, music producer, radio producer, and performer. An associate of the Canadian Music Centre and a member of the Canadian League of Composers, he is best known for his compositions and performances of electronic music. In 1971 he co-founded the Canadian Electronic Ensemble with whom he has been active as a composer and performer for decades. From 1973 until his retirement in 2013 he was a producer for CBC Radio. Life and career Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Jaeger was educated at the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he earned a Bachelor of Music in 1970. After being awarded a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship he pursued graduate studies under John Weinzweig and Gustav Ciamaga at the University of Toronto; earning a Master of Music in 1972. During that time he established a digital sound synthesis facility at that university. He then pursued further studies in electronic music with Jon Appleton and Hubert Howe in the Summer Electronic Music Institute at Dartmouth College. Jaeger is best known for his compositions and performances of electronic music. In 1971 he co-founded the Canadian Electronic Ensemble with David Grimes, Larry Lake and James Montgomery. He has worked as both a performer and composer with that group for decades; releasing multiple recordings in addition to performing in concert tours. Jaeger worked as a radio producer for the CBC from 1973-2013; during which time he created the programs 'Music of Today and Music Makers International. He won two JUNO Awards for his work producing the Orford String Quartet's 1990 album Schafer: 5.	2.375
69777624	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiago%20de%20Mello	Thiago de Mello	Amadeu Thiago de Mello (30 March 1926 – 14 January 2022), published as Thiago de Mello, was a Brazilian poet, writer, translator, and environmental activist. He was among the most appreciated writers in the country and especially as an icon of Amazonian regional literature. His work has been translated into numerous languages. Life and career After Thiago de Mello completed his elementary education at the Grupo Escolar Barão do Rio Branco and high school at the Gymnásio Pedro II in Manaus, he moved to Rio de Janeiro, where he enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine (Faculdade Nacional de Medicina), but left after four years to pursue the path of poetry. In 1951, Silêncio e Palavra, his first book, was published and immediately received critical acclaim. During the military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985, he first took exile in Chile, where he found a friend and political sympathizer in Pablo Neruda and witnessed the violent overthrow of President Salvador Allende and the subsequent military coup. In 1964, he wrote what is probably his best-known poem, Os Estatutos do Homem ( "The Statutes of Man"), which proclaimed simple human rights as a protest against the military regime and was allegedly immediately banned by it. His further exile took him to Argentina, Portugal, France, and Germany. After the end of the Brazilian military dictatorship, he moved back to his native city of Barreirinha, where he lived in a house owned by the architect Lúcio Costa and worked for the integrity of the Amazon region and for human rights. During literary career, De Mello was awarded national and international prizes and awards.	2.578125
69778752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina%20AbiRafeh	Lina AbiRafeh	Lina AbiRafeh is recognised as one of the world's most influential women's rights experts. An Arab-American feminist activist and author, she works on gender issues in developing and humanitarian contexts around the world. She has worked for various United Nations agencies and international non-governmental organisations and was the executive director of the Arab Institute for Women at the Lebanese American University; she now acts as a senior advisor. Since 2022, she has acted in an independent capacity as a self-described “thought leader, opinion-shaper, and fearless changemaker for global women’s rights.” She is the author of three books and over 100 articles on Medium. She has also spoken to TedX and to international media outlets such as CNN, Al Jazeera, and Good Morning America. Early life and education AbiRafeh was born to a Palestinian pharmacist mother and a Lebanese engineer father and spent her early years in Saudi Arabia while growing up before moving to northern Virginia at age 10. AbiRafeh attended Boston College for her undergraduate degree and has a master's degree in international relations from the Johns Hopkins University. She completed her PhD in development studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008, her thesis focusing on gender-focused aid in Afghanistan in the aftermath of the Bonn Agreement. Career AbiRafeh has worked as a gender-based violence in emergencies specialist with various United Nations and humanitarian organisations in countries such as Afghanistan, Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Lebanon, Nepal, and Papua New Guinea. She was the executive director of the Arab Institute for Women at the Lebanese American University from 2015 to 2022.	2.28125
69778829	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Duchy%20of%20Mecklenburg-Schwerin%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations	Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin–United States relations	The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the United States mutually recognized each other in 1816, but formal relations were never established. Relations continued when the Duchy joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany. History The first known act of mutual recognition between the United States and Mecklenburg-Schwerin was in 1816 when John M. Forbes established the first U.S. Consul in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Forbes was appointed to the post on January 22, 1816. On December 9, 1847, the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin signed the Declaration of Accession to the Stipulations and Provisions of the Treaty with Hanover on June 10, 1846. The agreement was signed in Schwerin by the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Minister, L. de Liitzow, and U.S. Special Agent Ambrose Dudley Mann. On November 26, 1853, the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin signed the Declaration of Accession to the Convention for the Extradition of Criminals, Fugitive from Justice, of June 16, 1852, between the United States and Prussia and Other States of the German Confederation to provide for the "reciprocal extradition of fugitive criminals, in special cases." In 1871, the entirety of the Grand Duchy joined German Empire and continued relations from Berlin under a single government. But relations ended with the outbreak of the First World War and the American declaration of war against Germany.	2.59375
69778902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20F.%20Titus	Robert F. Titus	After his return from Korea, Titus served as a ferry pilot at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, from 1952 to 1954. He was selected to attend the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and graduated with Class 54B. He then spent six years as test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, California, flying the North American F-100 Super Sabre, McDonnell F-101 Voodoo, Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, F-106 Delta Dart, Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, and Republic F-105 Thunderchief. Titus took part in the zero-length-launch tests, in which an F-100 was launched from a truck by a 300,000-pound thrust booster attached to the aircraft. In 1959, he participated in an historic trans-polar flight from United Kingdom to the United States in the F-100 Super Sabre, for which he received a second Distinguished Flying Cross. Titus completed his master's degree at the University of Chicago on 1961, after receiving an Air Force Institute of Technology assignment to do so. He did a three-year tour flying F-105s in Europe and served in the Headquarters Tactical Air Command at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, from 1964 to 1966. Vietnam War Titus served as commander of the 10th Fighter Commando Squadron at Bien Hoa Air Base, South Vietnam, from May 1966 to January 1967. It was the only USAF F-5 Tiger squadron employed in combat during the war, as part of the combat evaluation for the F-5. He later took command of the 389th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Da Nang Air Force Base flying the F-4 Phantom II. On May 20, 1967, while leading a mission over Yen Bay, North Vietnam, Titus' flight encountered numerous North Vietnamese Air Force MiG-21s. Engaging them in three encounters, Titus shot down one MiG-21, while his flight destroyed another MiG-21. For his heroism in the mission, Titus received the Silver Star.	2.25
69779404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20W.%20Tebbs	Robert W. Tebbs	Tebbs established various partnerships with other photographers. His first partnership started in 1910 when Tebbs became part of Tebbs-Hymans Photographs. By that time, Tebbs was specializing in architectural photography, which was timely with the early twentieth century building boom in the northeast United States. In 1913, the partnership published photographs of the Woolworth Building in the journal Architectural Record. One client, architect Cass Gilbert, presented several of Tebbs's photographs that were from the Tebbs-Hymans partnership at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France. Around the same time, the partnership completed a photo-essay of the Grand Central Terminal. The partnership also took on photographic projects of notable homes. In 1923, Tebbs and Charles E. Knell established a new photography business together. Their business, Tebbs & Knell, maintained their headquarters in New York City at prestigious locations, including 400 Fifth Avenue and 101 Park Avenue. Shortly thereafter, Tebbs began to travel so as to take on photographic projects outside of New York City. These included a significant project in South Carolina for architect Henry C. Hibbs, to photographically document his designs for the Scarritt College for Christian Workers. The partnership also photographed Kingwood Hall in Ohio. The photographic essay for the house resides in the Cleveland Public Library. They completed a photographic project for the Merchandise Mart in Chicago, Illinois. The Tebbs & Knell partnership promoted itself as "photographers to architects and decorators". A set of 277 photographs from Tebbs & Knell of suburban homes was published in a 1931 issue of the journal Southern Architecture Illustrated, emphasizing homes in the southern United States. Plantations of Louisiana	2.140625
69779404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20W.%20Tebbs	Robert W. Tebbs	Personal life Tebbs was an avid amateur musician, especially amateur chorus. He served for a time as an officer in the Oratorio Society of New York. He was also an active member of the Literary Society of New York. In his hometown of Plainfield, New Jersey, Tebbs founded a Boy Scout Troop, was a member of the Plainfield Choral Society, and participated in the Plainfield Cricket Club. Legacy Although the American Institute of Architects project that Tebbs was originally commissioned for was canceled before completion, fourteen of Tebbs's plantation photographs were published in 1938 in Pencil Points, a publication of the American Institute of Architects. Tebbs's obituary published by the New York Times reported that his personal collection of architectural photographs was among the largest in the United States. In 1956, his widow Jeanne Tebbs sold his collection of architectural photographs to the Louisiana State Museum, where it continues to reside as of early 2022. It is known as the Robert W. Tebbs Collection. The Library of Congress maintains a set of his photographs, also known as the Robert W. Tebbs Collection, of approximately 1800 photographs and 2046 negatives. In 2011 historian Richard A. Lewis published a book about Tebbs's project to photographically document the plantation homes of Louisiana includes 119 previously unpublished photographs. Fifty-two plantation homes and their surrounding grounds are subjects of the book.	2.125
69779513	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitlochry%20Town%20Hall	Pitlochry Town Hall	Pitlochry Town Hall is a municipal structure in West Moulin Road, Pitlochry, Scotland. The structure, which is used as an events venue, is a Category B listed building. History Following a visit by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1842 and significant subsequent population growth throughout the second half of the 19th century, local leaders decided to raise money by public subscription for the construction of a public hall. The site they chose was donated by the explorer of East Africa and dog breeder, Captain Archibald Edward Butter of the Faskally Estate. A significant donation was received from Lieutenant Colonel George Glas Sandeman, owner of a large wine importing business, based at Fonab Castle. The design competition was adjudicated by Charles Gourlay of Glasgow Technical College and won by Alexander Ness of Dundee, whose design was judged better than that of the local architects, John Menzies and John Leonard. The foundation stone for the new building was laid by Sir Alexander Muir Mackenzie, 3rd Baronet, with full masonic honours on 18 May 1899. It was designed in the Scottish Renaissance style, built in rubble masonry with sandstone ashlar dressings at a cost of £2,366 and was officially opened in 1900. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with three bays facing onto West Moulin Road; the central bay featured a doorway with a three-part fanlight flanked by brackets supporting a stone balcony with a balustrade. On the first floor, there was a four-light mullioned and transomed window with a gable containing a cartouche above. The outer bays were fenestrated with sash windows and surmounted, on the first floor, by small segmental pediments. There was also a polygonal tower with an ogee-shaped roof at the northwest corner of the building. Internally, the principal room was the main assembly hall.	2.484375
69779760	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Rector%20%28artist%29	Robert Rector (artist)	Robert Rector (born 1946) is an American Postwar and contemporary painter. His work can be found in collections in the United States, Japan, Europe and corporate collections, such as FedEx Field in Washington, DC and the U.S. embassy in Albania. His work has been shown at the Brooks Museum and other museums and galleries. Early life Rector was born in Pascagoula, Mississippi and grew up in the neighboring town of Ocean Springs. Education Rector graduated from Ocean Springs High School in 1964. He attended Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where he received his BFA in 1971 and his MFA in 1973. He was an associate professor of art at Northwestern State University in Natchitoches, Louisiana. In 1981, Rector left teaching and began painting full-time. His work has been shown art galleries in the Southern region and museums in the U.S. Career Rector creates abstract art that is influenced by color field painting, abstract expressionism,minimalism and the tension between the latter two. The Mississippi Encyclopedia states "His reconciliation of these approaches has produced complex abstractions concerned with the balance between intuition and intellect." He has exhibited in solo and group exhibitions across the United States, including a recent retrospective at the Shaw Center for the Arts, Baton Rouge; the Ogden Museum of Art, New Orleans; The Hunter Museum of Art, Chattanooga; and Gremillion & Company, Houston and Austin.	2.046875
69780019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20G.%20Brandon	John G. Brandon	Brandon family In 1895 his mother married again in Melbourne and the young Joyce took the name of his stepfather and became known as John Gordon Brandon. George Otto Woods Brandon (1860–1898) was born in Liverpool, England, and from the 1890s was a hotelier in Perth. After moving to the Eastern States of Australia he was also an actor known by the stage name of W. B. O’Grady. He had on several occasions produced plays in the Shepparton District and he and his wife where hoteliers for a time in Mooroopna. He died by his own hand shooting himself at 38 years of age in Shepparton, on 12 December 1898. At the time he was secretary of the Public Library at Shepparton and was insolvent. When John G. Brandon's maternal grandmother Mary Emma Bate (née Draper) died on 20 July 1896 his mother Mary Emma Brandon received an estate worth £1572. Brandon's twice married mother Mary Emma Brandon, but still known by the stage name of Emma Bronton, died in London in 1915, at 52 years of age. She had recently appeared in Cosmo Hamilton's London stage production of The Blindness of Virtue. Press reports at the time refer to her son as the English writer Jack Brandon.	2.09375
69780270	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean%20Shepherd	Sean Shepherd	Sean Shepherd is an American composer based in New York City and Chicago. His work has been performed by major orchestras, ensembles, and performers across the United States, Europe, and Asia. Performances include those with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the Cleveland Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic, the National Symphony Orchestra, the BBC Symphony Orchestra, and New World Symphony Orchestra, at festivals including the Aldeburgh Festival, Heidelberger Frühling, La Jolla Music Festival, Lucerne Festival, Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival, and Tanglewood, and with leading European ensembles including Ensemble Intercontemporain, the Scharoun Ensemble Berlin, the Asko/Schönberg Ensemble and the Birmingham Contemporary Music Group. Early life and education Shepherd was born in 1979 in Reno, Nevada. He performed his undergraduate work at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University Bloomington, where he studied under David Dzubay and American composer Claude Baker. His graduate work was completed at the Juilliard School, where he studied with American composer Robert Beaser, followed by doctoral studies under Puerto Rican Composer Roberto Sierra and American Composer Steven Stucky at Cornell University. Career In 2012, Shepherd was named the Kravis Emerging Composer of the New York Philharmonic. Shepherd's "Blue Blazes" premiered with National Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Christoph Eschenbach in 2013. In 2021, Shepherd's work was featured at the Tanglewood Music Festival and at the Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival. His work was deemed a "season highlight" when performed at the Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music in 2021. Shepherd served as a finalist judge in the 2021 Broadcast Music, Inc.'s 69th Annual Student Composer Awards. He is currently a visiting assistant professor of composition at the University of Chicago. In 2023, Shepherd was awarded the 2024 Charles Ives Living Award, which includes a 2 year stipend allowing a composer to focus solely on creating new works. Works	1.976563
69780309	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20history%20of%20Sardinia	Genetic history of Sardinia	A 2020 study by Fernandes et al. estimated that the current Sardinian genome derives roughly 62.5% from Neolithic Early European Farmers (EEF), 9.7% from the Mesolithic Western Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), 13.9% from ancestry related to Neolithic Iranians of Ganj Dareh (or also Caucasus-related ancestry), 10.6% from the Bronze Age Western Steppe Herders (WSH) of the Yamnaya culture and, lastly, 3.4% from Late Neolithic Moroccans (partly of European origin). Fernandes concluded that: "Major immigration into Sardinia began in the first millennium BC and, at present, no more than 56–62% of Sardinian ancestry is from its first farmers. This value is lower than previous estimates, highlighting that Sardinia, similar to every other region in Europe, has been a stage for major movement and mixtures of people". Another study from 2020 by Marcus et al. also found that the present-day Sardinian genome was shaped by immigration from the Iron Age onwards, which can be modelled well using three source populations, namely "Nuragic Sardinia, one northern Mediterranean source (e.g., individuals with group labels Lombardy, Tuscan, French, Basque, Spanish) and one eastern Mediterranean source (e.g., individuals with group labels Turkish-Jew, Libyan-Jew, Maltese, Tunisian-Jew, Moroccan-Jew, Lebanese, Druze, Cypriot, Jordanian, Palestinian)". Moreover, using a three-way model with Nuragic Sardinians, as well as "potential sources from various ancient samples that are representative of different regions of the Mediterranean", it was determined that "models with the largest p-values return fractions of Nuragic ancestry that are close to, or higher than 50%". North African ancestry among present-day Sardinians was found to be "negligible".	2.75
69780561	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caja%20de%20Muertos%20Nature%20Reserve	Caja de Muertos Nature Reserve	Caja de Muertos Nature Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Natural Isla de Caja de Muertos) is a nature reserve in southern Puerto Rico consisting of the islands of Caja de Muertos, Cayo Morrillito, Cayo Berbería, and their surrounding reefs and waters in the Caribbean Sea. This nature reserve was founded on January 2, 1980, by the Puerto Rico Planning Board (Junta de Planificación) as recommended by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales de Puerto Rico, DRNA) with the purpose of preserving the subtropical dry forest ecosystems found within these islands, some important sea turtle nesting sites, and the marine habitats found on their surrounding reefs and waters. History The name Caja de Muertos (coffin) literally translates "dead man's chest" from Spanish. The name most likely comes from the original French name for the island, Coffre à Mort, first given by 18th century French writer and explorer Jean Baptist Labat due to the island's shape. Although the island was never permanently populated, throughout its history it has served as a pirate hideout, a place for clandestine meetings for the island's Freemasons during the Spanish Catholic rule, and for secret gatherings of Puerto Rico independence movement leaders such as Ramón Emeterio Betances and Segundo Ruiz Belvis. Additionally, the presence of petroglyphs is evidence of the former presence of the Taíno people on the island. The other surrounding islands and keys show no evidence of historical human activity or population.	2.484375
69780561	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caja%20de%20Muertos%20Nature%20Reserve	Caja de Muertos Nature Reserve	Fauna This nature reserve serves as a shelter, nesting and feeding place for a number of species of birds and marine animals, in addition to many migratory and introduced species. Some notable bird species of the reserve includes brown pelicans, brown boobies, ospreys, roseate terns, least terns, and the endangered black-capped petrel. The only fully terrestrial species found in the islands are the common Puerto Rican ameiva (Pholidoscelis exsul), the threatened Puerto Rican blue-tailed ameiva (Ameiva wetmorei), and the Puerto Rican racer snake (Borikenophis portoricensis). At least two species of sea turtle nest in Caja de Muertos and Morrillito islands: green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), which are endangered and critically endangered, respectively. Flora The flora that occurs in the Caja de Muertos reserve is similar to that found in the Guánica State Forest. Cacti and other xerophytic species are common throughout Caja de Muertos and Morrillito. The rest of the vegetation is deciduous and mostly covers areas that have limestone soil. Examples of rare or unique flora species found in the area include serpentine manjack (Varronia bellonis) and Portulaca caulerpoides, which are endemic to Puerto Rico. Other distinctive flora is the white and button mangrove on the sea-level mangrove basins, manzanillo de muertos or manchineel (Hippomane mancinella) in the drier areas, and algae and Thalassia on the seagrass prairies. The Puerto Rican applecactus (Harrisia portoricensis) is a critically endangered species of cactus from the Mona, Monito and Desecheo islands in La Mona Passage that was introduced to Caja de Muertos by the DRNA. It is locally known as higo chumbo, meaning "weighed-down prickly pear" due to the leaning cactus arms caused by the weight of their fruit.	3.015625
69781683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Hunga%20Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga%20Ha%CA%BBapai%20eruption%20and%20tsunami	2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami	In December 2021, an eruption began on Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai, a submarine volcano in the Tongan archipelago in the southern Pacific Ocean. The eruption reached a very large and powerful climax nearly four weeks later, on 15 January 2022. Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai is north of Tongatapu, the country's main island, and is part of the highly active Tonga–Kermadec Islands volcanic arc, a subduction zone extending from New Zealand to Fiji. On the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale, the eruption was rated at least a VEI-5. Described by scientists as a "magma hammer", the volcano at its height produced a series of four underwater thrusts, displaced of rock, ash and sediment, and generated the largest atmospheric explosion recorded by modern instrumentation. The eruption caused tsunamis in Tonga, Fiji, American Samoa, Vanuatu, New Zealand, Japan, the United States, the Russian Far East, Chile and Peru. At least four people were killed, some were injured, and some remain possibly missing in Tonga from tsunami waves up to high. Tsunami waves with run-up heights up to struck the uninhabited island of Tofua. Two people drowned in Peru when waves struck the coast, while another died of indirect causes in Fiji. It was the largest volcanic eruption since the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. NASA determined that the eruption was "hundreds of times more powerful" than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The eruption was the largest explosion recorded in the atmosphere by modern instrumentation, far larger than any 20th-century volcanic event or nuclear bomb test. It is thought that in recent centuries, only the Krakatoa eruption of 1883 rivalled the atmospheric disturbance produced. Volcanic activity	3
69781683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Hunga%20Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga%20Ha%CA%BBapai%20eruption%20and%20tsunami	2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami	December 2021 After staying relatively inactive since 2014, the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai volcano erupted on 20 December 2021, sending particulates into the stratosphere. A large plume of ash was visible from Nukuʻalofa, the capital city of Tonga, about from the volcano. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Wellington, New Zealand, issued an advisory notice to airlines. This initial eruption ended at 02:00 on 21 December 2021. On 22 and 23 December 2021, plumes containing sulfur dioxide drifted to the north-north-east and spread over the Niuatoputapu, Haʻapai and Vavaʻu island groups. Surtseyan explosions, steam plumes and steam bursts were recorded by a Tonga Navy crew on 23 December 2021, during which time the first ground-based images of the eruption were created. Between 24 and 27 December 2021, steam and gas emissions reached altitudes of . Ash plumes reached heights of only , depositing ash only adjacent to the volcano. On 25 December 2021, satellite imagery revealed that the island had increased in size by on its eastern side. During 29–30 December 2021, several surges of Surtseyan activity occurred, some of which were witnessed by passengers on a small South Seas Charters boat. Eruption plumes during the second half of December 2021 interrupted air travel to Tonga multiple times.	2.6875
69781683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Hunga%20Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga%20Ha%CA%BBapai%20eruption%20and%20tsunami	2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami	The ERA paper also concludes that this eruption resulted in the formation of a new caldera. In May 2022, scientists at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) released a bathymetry map indicating a large caldera measuring in width formed from the eruption. Surveys also indicated that the caldera floor is located below sea level. According to a volcanologist, the caldera walls continue to experience ongoing collapses. Surveys of the seafloor around the volcano found large sediment piles, layers of fine mud and ash, and valleys up to from the volcano. The survey indicated that an estimated of debris was added to a seafloor. Scientists also suggest that the volcano may still be erupting underwater. A 2022 study in the journal Ocean Engineering by Heidarzadeh and others determined the size of the initial tsunami caused by the eruption. The study analyzed data from 22 tide gauges, eight Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) stations, eight atmospheric pressure time series, spectral analysis and computer simulation. It was concluded that the eruption displaced 6.6 km3 of seawater, in amplitude, with a length of . The displacement generated a number of waves in the atmosphere, including lamb waves in the troposphere and gravity waves in higher layers of the atmosphere, which propagated around the world at speeds close to the speed of sound. In mid-May 2024, University of Rhode Island oceanagrapher Roxanne Beinart published a study in the journal Nature Communications Earth and Environment which concluded that the eruption blanketed the surrounding ocean floor with ash for several months, decimating the local marine wildlife. Beinart had led a research cruise in the South Pacific in April 2022 to research underwater biology living around deep-sea hot springs in the region. She found that the site near the volcano was covered in ash, with some of it even at a depth of underwater. Climate and atmospheric impact	2.9375
69781683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Hunga%20Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga%20Ha%CA%BBapai%20eruption%20and%20tsunami	2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami	The tsunami was first detected along the coastline of Mexico on 15 January at 12:35 by tide gauges at Michoacán. At the coasts of Guerrero, Oaxaca and Baja California Peninsula, sea level rise was reported with waves of to . A tide level of was measured at Manzanillo, Colima, according to the Mareographic Service of the Institute of Geophysics of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The tsunami had an amplitude of in Zihuatanejo. Waves of just under were recorded in Acapulco, Huatulco and Salina Cruz. Tsunami activity along the Pacific coast persisted until 20 January. The tsunami measured taller than at Ensenada, Baja California. Sea level disturbances were recorded at the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. The shockwave-triggered meteotsunami had a maximum wave height of . Minor tsunamis were measured as far away as the Caribbean Sea and Texas, with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reporting a maximum rise of at the Isla de Mona in Puerto Rico at 16:11 UTC. These may have been meteo-tsunamis related to slight atmospheric pressure changes. South America In Peru, two people were killed in Lambayeque, where the tsunami measured . Waves measuring were recorded in the port of Callao, in Marcona District and in Paita. Significant sea level disturbances were measured off the coast of Ecuador's La Libertad, Esmeraldas and Manta. At 02:33 local time, a rise in sea level was measured on the mainland. There were also sea level changes in the Galapagos Islands. Sea level disturbances off the nation's coast persisted for nearly an hour. In northern Chile, waves of up to struck the coastline. Videos and images on social media from the Los Ríos Region showed the tsunami damaging piers, carrying boats and hitting beaches. A tsunami of was measured at Chañaral. Response	2.828125
69781683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Hunga%20Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga%20Ha%CA%BBapai%20eruption%20and%20tsunami	2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami	A tsunami warning was issued by the Bureau of Meteorology in Australia, with a land warning issued for Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island, and a marine warning for the east coast of Australia, Tasmania and Macquarie Island. On 16 January, at 06:55 AEDT (15 January 2022, 19:55 UTC), tsunami marine warnings were issued to New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania for strong and dangerous currents. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) informed residents that a slight disturbance in the sea could occur without any damage. The tsunami would not pose a threat to the Japanese coastline. Officials from the JMA said that sea-level rise of no more than could be expected for 24 hours from 21:00 Japan Standard Time (UTC+9). A tsunami warning was issued in the Amami Islands and Tokara Islands by the JMA with forecasted waves of up to . Additional warnings were issued to the east and south-east coast for waves of up to . This was the nation's first tsunami warning since the 2016 Fukushima earthquake. A warning and evacuation order was issued to Iwate Prefecture, and evacuation orders were also issued to six other prefectures. The Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) said 229,000 residents living in eight prefectures were evacuated. Japan downgraded its warnings the following morning. Russia issued a tsunami advisory for the Kuril Islands.	2.15625
69781968	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion%20plaque	Crucifixion plaque	The absence of Viking-influenced animal or zoomorphic designs indicates that they were produced before the 11th century. While some archaeologists suggest dating as late as the early 12th century, the consensus is that the majority originate from between 1000 and 1150. Against this, the Clonmacnoise plaque contains vegetative decorations reminiscent of the 11th-century Ringerike style of Viking art. The Clonmacnoise plaque is further linked to contemporary metal objects such as the Lismore Crozier, including its technical and stylistic approaches and the yet then use of the difficult-to-source silver inlay. Function The plaques were most likely intended to decorate larger ecclesiastical objects such processional wooden crosses, book shrines or altar frontals (antependiums) . This theory is supported by the number of similar mounds and inserts on contemporary or earlier altars and crosses. A similarly sized mount is positioned on the lower part of the 8th or 9th century Tully Lough Cross, while similar compositions can be found on, amongst others, the Ullard cross in County Kilkenny, the Cross of St. Columba and St. Patrick at the Abbey of Kells, the South Cross at Clonmacnoise, and a cross on Calf of Man island. The archaeologist Peter Harbison favoured the idea that they were used as pax-plates (objects used for the Kiss of peace during mass) given the typical wear around Christ's head which he speculates was because they were passed between members of the clergy and congregation to be kissed. He further suggested that the plaques were produced by a single workshop, a theory refuted in 2014 by Griffin Murray who points out both their geographical dispersion and provenance (although all seem to have been produced in or around Southern Ulster) and differences when analysed under x-ray fluorescence.	2.65625
69782110	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewface	Jewface	Culture and religion Jewish American comedienne and actress Sarah Silverman has vocally criticized "Jewface", focusing on what she described as a pattern of gentiles playing Jewish characters whose Jewishness "is their whole being". Silverman described the pattern, using the example of Kathryn Hahn being cast to play Joan Rivers, as "Jewface", and defined this as "when a non-Jew portrays a Jew with the Jewishness front and centre", which can include changing features and using a New York or Yiddish accent. Jewish culture magazine Forward wrote that Jewish character casting is "a perennial debate in the world of casting", but, while agreeing with Silverman, admonished her for using the word "Jewface", saying that the practice should not be compared to "blackface", as "white Jews have benefited" from racism. Jewish creatives and entertainers from Israel, the United States, and the United Kingdom, have voiced differing opinions on whether intrinsically Jewish characters should be played by Jewish actors. Time magazine and Welsh film professor Nathan Abrams have suggested that it would be difficult to address or quantify casting disparity as the definition of "Jewish" is not always simple; Abrams said that "one of the issues in "authentically" casting Jews is that Jewishness comes via a number of routes: religion, culture and ethnicity." Screenwriter and journalist Malina Saval wrote in 2021 that Jewish culture on-screen is watered-down, saying that where Jewish characters exist, they are often entirely assimilated into a prevailing culture or self-hating, and that "being Jewish is not about a wig or an accent or talking really loud. It's not about bagels. Being Jewish is about a shared history, a soul, a spirit — in Hebrew we call it a neshama." Ethnicity	2.375
69782374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzilla%20Megamullion	Godzilla Megamullion	The Godzilla Megamullion () is an undersea Japanese megamullion, or oceanic core complex, south-east of the island of Okinotorishima in the Philippine Sea. It is about long by wide, and is the largest known oceanic core complex in the world. Due to its size it is named after the fictional monster Godzilla, and 14 individual topographic features have been named after Godzilla's body parts. Description The Godzilla Megamullion is to the south-east of Okinotorishima, the southernmost island of Japan. It is part of the Parece Vela Rift in the Philippine Sea, between Japan and the Philippines in the western Pacific Ocean. The megamullion is dome-shaped, and is named after Godzilla as it is the largest known oceanic core complex, measuring approximately , more than ten times the size of the next largest known oceanic core complex. It is also the first known megamullion in a back-arc basin, which is unique as most megamullions form on slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. Sampling of the megamullion lithology yielded mostly peridotite, gabbroic rocks, leucocratic rocks, and basalt. The gabbroic rocks and peridotite are present throughout the entire length of the megamullion's flow line, indicating that the megamullion is a detachment fault that exposes the uppermost mantle and lower oceanic crust. The megamullion has abundant plagioclase bearing peridotite.	2.671875
69782374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzilla%20Megamullion	Godzilla Megamullion	Discovery and exploration The Godzilla Megamullion was discovered in 2001 as part of the Continental Shelf Surveys Project of the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department of Japan, and was first described by Yasuhiko Ohara. It was initially named as the "Giant Megamullion". Since 2001 more than 20 expeditions have explored the megamullion. Due to the large size of the megamullion, when describing features it is often divided into distal, medial, and proximal parts. Names describing Godzilla's body parts have also been given to 14 topographic features (south-west to north-east): West Leg Ridge, South Tail Rise, East Leg Ridge, West Hipbone Rise, North Tail Rise, East Hipbone Rise, West Arm Rise, Backbone Rise, East Arm Rise, West Shoulder Ridge, Neck Peak, East Shoulder Ridge, Head Peak, Hat Ridge. Naming The Japan Coast Guard helped to name the megamullion, reaching an agreement with Toho, who own the rights to the character Godzilla. Toho's chief Godzilla officer Keiji Ota stated: "I am truly honored that [the megamullion] bears Godzilla's name, the Earth's most powerful monster."	2.9375
77273753	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peder%20Hansson%20Paus	Peder Hansson Paus	Peder Paus has been described as a diligent and righteous district judge who distinguished himself with good and independent legal judgments that emphasized common sense and knowledge of human nature. He wrote a cultural-historical description of the district and a glossary of Telemark dialect in 1743. As district judge, Peder Paus also dealt extensively with the larger trading houses at Skiensfjorden, involving property registrations, fees, etc., as reflected in the main books of Herman Leopoldus Løvenskiold and Niels Aall the Elder. In 1745, a consortium including Peder Paus, Niels Aall, the mining secretary Wildhagen, Adam Adamsen Ziener (Peder Paus' later son-in-law), and several members of the von Koss family received permission for the copper deposits at Åmdal. Mining was carried out there by this consortium until shortly after 1758. Peder Paus was married first to Cathrine Medea Maj Hermansdatter (died 1736) from Denmark, daughter of the parish priest of Ølsted on Zealand, Herman Arentsen (1647–1698), and Gundel Sørensdatter May. Herman was the son of the well-known topographer, councilor in Copenhagen, and more, Arent Berntsen, while Gundel was the daughter of the provost in Holbæk, Søren Nielsen May, and Catharina Motzfeldt, who in turn was the daughter of the wine merchant and city captain in Copenhagen, Peter Motzfeldt (1584–1650). Mother-in-law Gundel May was also a cousin of statesman Peder Griffenfeld. In his second marriage, Peder Paus was married to his cousin Hedvig Coldevin Corneliusdatter Paus (1711–1771), daughter of his predecessor as district judge, Cornelius Paus, and Valborg Rafn. Peder Paus had two children, both from his first marriage: Anna Susanna Paus (1720–1798), married to Adam Adamsen Ziener (born 1709), and his successor as district judge in Upper Telemark, Hans Paus (1721–1774). Son Hans Paus was married to the Danish-born Andrea Jaspara Nissen and has numerous descendants.	2.328125
77273779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0ur%20Ing%C3%B3lfsd%C3%B3ttir	Þorgerður Ingólfsdóttir	Thorgerdur Ingolfsdottir (born November 5, 1943) is an Icelandic choral conductor. Biography Born in Reykjavík, Iceland, Thorgerdur began her music studies at the age of seven. She completed her gymnasium studies at Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík in 1963, and a music teacher’s degree from the Reykjavík School of Music in 1965. In 1965–1967 she studied musicology and choral conducting at the master’s level at the University of Illinois, USA. She also studied in Austria and England, and took courses in theology at the University of Iceland. She was a teacher at the Reykjavík School of Music 1967–2000. Thorgerdur is a pioneer in choral work with young people. She founded the Hamrahlid College Choir in 1967, and a choir of its graduates, the Hamrahlid Choir, in 1982. Under her direction, the two choirs have performed to great acclaim in Iceland and abroad. She has described her work as being not only about music, but about forming and educating young people in the widest sense. Nevertheless, she has maintained high standards of artistic excellence, repertoire, discipline, and perseverance. More than 2,500 Icelandic teenagers have come into contact with classical music through the Hamrahlid choral experience, including some of Iceland’s most renowned and respected musicians. The Hamrahlid choirs have been very active in Icelandic society. They have performed countless concerts of various kinds throughout the island: formal concerts, school concerts, performances at hospitals and nursing homes, and participating in religious services. They have also performed many of the masterworks of the choral repertoire with the Iceland Symphony Orchestra, including Ravel’s Daphnis and Chloe, Stravinsky’s Symphony of Psalms, Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony, J.S. Bach’s Magnificat and Mozart’s Requiem. Among the conductors the choir has worked with in collaboration with the Iceland Symphony Orchestra are Osmo Vänskä, Jean-Pierre Jacquillat, Tõnu Kaljuste, Eva Ollikainen, and Daníel Bjarnason.	2.421875
77273779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0ur%20Ing%C3%B3lfsd%C3%B3ttir	Þorgerður Ingólfsdóttir	With her choirs, Þorgerður has led the annual Walk for Peace in Reykjavík since 1979, and for decades they have visited hospitals and hospices during the Advent season. The Hamrahlid College Choir sang a televised Christmas Evensong with the Bishop of Iceland in 1974–1980. The choirs sang Christmas Evensong in Hallgrímskirkja in Reykjavík 1986–1999, and midnight mass at Reykjavík Cathedral with the Bishop of Iceland 2000–2017. Þorgerður conducted the Voices of Iceland, a youth choir consisting of 150 singers from all over Iceland, at the inaugural concert at Harpa Concert Hall in May 2011. She has also given concerts at the Reykjavík Dark Music Days Festival 12 times, starting in 1983. Þorgerður’s 55-year career as choir conductor is unique. Under her direction, a choir of young students from a junior college in Iceland has become among the best in the world. Together they have given concerts in 23 countries and appeared at many of the world’s leading choir festivals: Europe: Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Spain, Hungary, Estonia. North America: Canada and the United States. Middle East: Israel. Asia: Japan, Philippines, China. The Hamrahlid Choir has won many awards, including first prize for youth choirs (The President’s Prize) in the European Broadcasting Union’s competition, Let the Peoples Sing. In 1992 and 2007 the choir was nominated for the Nordic Council Music Prize. In 2002, the choir won the Icelandic Music Awards in the Performer of the Year category. At the Eighth World Symposium for Choral Music, in Copenhagen in 2008, the Hamrahlid Choir was one of 23 choirs from across the globe that was especially invited to participate.	2.09375
77273834	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960%20eruption%20of%20K%C4%ABlauea	1960 eruption of Kīlauea	On the surface, deflation and earthquakes result in the enlargement of old fissures, the opening of new ones, and rockfalls on the Halemaʻumaʻu walls. The most significant development was the appearance of a sixty-meter-diameter ring of fumaroles at the bottom of the crater on February 5. This formation is not new, since such fumaroles had already appeared in the same spot during the eruption of May 1924, just before the crater collapsed and exploded. On the night of February 6–7, such a collapse began with the slow but steady subsidence of the crater floor, accompanied by muffled rumbling. In the early hours of the morning, a six- to nine-meter-deep depression formed on the cracked surface from which streams of liquid lava escaped, the unsolidified remnants of the 90-meter-deep lava lake formed in 1952 and isolated from the surface by more recent lava. As it reached a depth of thirty meters, the collapse suddenly accelerated at 11:51. Within nine minutes, the depression was 300 meters in diameter and 90 meters deep. A circular fissure opened in the upper part of the rim, releasing large quantities of lava from the 1952 eruption. Until February 11, this lava accumulated at the bottom of the depression, forming a lava lake twenty meters deep.	2.875
77274009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baiyinosaurus	Baiyinosaurus	As a stegosaur, Baiyinosaurus would have been a quadrupedal herbivore with a paired row of a combination of large plates and spines running along the top of the animal from the neck to the tail tip. The purpose of these armor pieces is debated, but the plates have been suggested to play a role in display, species recognition, and/or thermoregulation, and the spikes were likely served as defensive structures. While the Baiyinosaurus fossil material generally resembles stegosaurs in morphology, several features are also reminiscent of basal thyreophorans such as Scelidosaurus and Emausaurus, indicating that Baiyinosaurus had both plesiomorphic thyreophoran traits as well as derived stegosaurian traits. Bashanosaurus, one of the basalmost stegosaurs from older rocks in China, also exhibits a similar blend of features, demonstrating the transitional states from early armored dinosaurs to the divergent body plans of stegosaurs and ankylosaurs. The holotype specimen of Baiyinosaurus belongs likely belongs to an adult individual. This can be determined as the neurocentral sutures on the dorsal vertebrae are fused and not visible, while they would be open and unfused in a juvenile. Skull Baiyinosaurus is known from several skull bones. The posterior subnarial process of the left premaxilla (upper jaw bone at the tip of the snout) is preserved and has an expanded surface where it would contact the nasal. The front and middle part of the left maxilla (primary tooth-bearing bone of the upper jaw) is known, and indicates that this tooth row is inset medially (toward the middle of the skull), a feature expected in most ornithischian dinosaurs. A partial bone—likely the right jugal—is known, and has a triradiate form with a very expanded dorsal process. Another fragment—tentatively identified as the dorsal part of the right squamosal—includes visible sutures where it would be overlapped by the parietal and postorbital.	2.609375
77274161	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Allhoff	Fred Allhoff	Fred Allhoff (June 11, 1904November 11, 1988) was an American magazine writer best known for his Liberty pieces in the 1930s and 1940s. The corruption exposé "The Lid Off Los Angeles" (1939) is considered influential in the history of that city, another crime series was adapted into an Edward G. Robinson film, and his speculative fiction serial Lightning in the Night (1940) is considered a significant and early example of the hypothetical Axis victory in World War II subgenre. Biography Allhoff was born Charles Frederick Allhoff in Dayton, Ohio in 1904. He was an only child, his father was a bookkeeper for a printing company, and then an insurance agent. His mother died when he was young and his maternal aunt moved in to help raise him. In 1930, at age 25, Fred Allhoff was employed as a newspaper reporter in Dayton and/or Cleveland, Ohio. Allhoff got married in 1931 in New York City. A 1936 article series for Liberty called "Tracking New York's Crime Barons" became the 1938 Edward G. Robinson picture I Am the Law. In 1939 he cowrote the six-part corruption exposé "The Lid Off Los Angeles" and in 1940 he wrote the 13-part "What if Hitler won?" series "Lightning in the Night", both for Liberty. "The Lid Off Los Angeles" triggered a libel lawsuit that was settled out of court in 1943. Allhoff and his wife lived on Long Island in 1940; his work was "writer". Allhoff's wife Pauline died of illness in New York in 1944. Allhoff moved to Coral Gables, Florida in 1945, where he continued to work as a writer. Around 1948, Allhoff and his new wife bought 16 acres near the Caloosahatchee River. In 1950, he was living in Lee, Florida, with his second wife, and working as a fiction writer. He may have gone into the real estate business in Miami in the 1960s. Lightning in the Night was republished in book form in 1979. Allhoff died in Florida in 1988.	1.90625
77274266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial%20Guard%20Cavalry%20%28First%20Empire%29	Imperial Guard Cavalry (First Empire)	On March 6, 1813, the Imperial Guard mounted chasseur regiment grew from five to nine squadrons. The 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th squadrons took the title of "second chasseurs", then "Jeune Garde mounted chasseurs". At this time, the corps was commanded by Colonel Major Charles-Claude Meuziau, with whom it took part in the German campaign of 1813. In 1814, the chasseurs were detached to General Maison's Armée du Nord, where they were mainly tasked with reconnaissance missions, although this did not prevent them from charging on several occasions, as at Courtrai on March 30. The squadrons were disbanded during the First Restoration, most of the men being returned to the line or placed on half-pay. During the Hundred Days, the Jeune Garde squadrons were reformed and renamed the Second Imperial Guard mounted chasseur regiment. However, due to a shortage of men and horses, the unit did not leave its Chantilly garrison and did not take part in the Belgian campaign of 1815. The régiment des chasseurs de la Jeune was finally disbanded between October 8 and November 8, 1815. Scouts Given the dramatic prospect of having to fight on French soil for the first time since the wars of the Revolution, Napoleon reorganized his Imperial Guard on December 4, 1813. Three regiments were created: the first, comprising the scout-grenadiers, was attached to the mounted grenadiers; the second, comprising the scout-dragoons, was attached to the dragoons; and the third, comprising the scout-lancers, was attached to the Polish lancers. These new units had time to take part in the French campaign of 1814, where they clashed repeatedly with the Cossacks. Although tasked with reconnaissance missions at outposts, they also led charges on several occasions, such as at Brienne, Montmirail, and Craonne, when Colonel Testot-Ferry led the 1st regiment in an assault on Russian artillery. They also took part in the defense of Paris, before being disbanded during the First Restoration. Units attached to the Guard or operating in conjunction with it	2.859375
77274402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace%20Lavery	Grace Lavery	Grace Elisabeth Lavery is an associate professor of English critical theory and gender and women's studies at UC Berkeley, whose research focuses on the history of language and aestheticism in 19th century Victorian English society, along with topics involving the language and literature of sexuality and gender. Education Lavery graduated under advisor Paul Saint-Amour with an English Ph.D. in 2013, with a thesis titled "Empire in a Glass Case: Japanese Beauty, British Culture, and Transnational Aestheticism". Career As a first publication, Lavery released Quaint, Exquisite in 2019 on a subject connected to her post-doctoral research: Victorian era sensibilities in relation to Japan as viewed through a queer theory lens. One major focus of the book is on the idea of orientalism and how that colored English understanding of Japan as the "Other Empire". A 2022 memoir titled Please Miss was her second published book and covered a wide range of topics beyond her own life and background. An introspection on being trans through a wide variety of genres and non-sequitur asides, the book psychoanalyzes the trans experience and aspects of life that represent it.	2.015625
77274481	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Donch	Henry Donch	Henry Donch (1834 – March 10, 1919) was a German-American bandleader and music instructor. Born in Hesse-Kassel, he immigrated to Philadelphia in 1854. Shortly afterwards, he became organist for the United States Naval Academy Band in Annapolis. He joined the United States Marine Band as a clarinet player shortly before the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1865, he played in the orchestra at Ford's Theatre. In the early 1870s, he retired from the Marine Band and formed Donch's Band (), which he would lead for the following four decades. Donch himself was the only consistent member of the band, with the other members frequently rotating. For 23 years, he also worked as a music professor at Georgetown University. In 1919, he died at his home in Washington, D.C., and was buried at Rock Creek Cemetery. Biography Henry Donch was born in the German principality of Hesse-Kassel in 1834. He immigrated to the United States in 1854, initially settling in Philadelphia. The following year, he joined the United States Naval Academy Band in Annapolis, Maryland, and became its chapel organist. He married Elizabeth Brandt, another German immigrant, in Baltimore on October 2, 1856. In 1859, he became a naturalized citizen. He had six children, all of whom became musicians.	2.125
77274704	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shayetet%203	Shayetet 3	Battle of Baltim The Battle of Baltim was fought between the Israeli Navy and the Egyptian Navy on 8–9 October 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. It took place off the Nile delta, between Baltim and Damietta. The battle began when six Israeli Sa'ar-class missile boats heading toward Port Said were engaged by four Egyptian Osa-class missile boats coming from Alexandria. It lasted about forty minutes. The Osas fired Styx missiles, missed, and began to withdraw back to Alexandria when the Israelis began to give chase. Two Osas were sunk by Gabriel missiles within a span of ten minutes, and a third was sunk twenty-five minutes later. The fourth made it back to base. Second Battle of Latakia The Second Battle of Latakia was a small naval battle of the Yom Kippur War fought on 11 October 1973 between Israel and Syria. The Israeli Navy force consisted of Sa'ar 2-class, Sa'ar 3-class, and Sa'ar 4-class missile boats armed with Gabriel anti-ship missiles while the Syrian Navy force consisted of Soviet-made Komar- and Osa-class missile boats armed with Soviet-manufactured P-15 Termit (NATO reporting name SS-N-2 Styx) anti-ship missiles. Operation Litani INS Yaffo (Saar 4), under the command of Lt. Col. Hanina Amishev, took an active part during the 1978 South Lebanon conflict. In general, the ship fired about 1000 76 mm shells. Battle of Rabbit Island The Battle of Rabbit Island was the destruction of a militant base on an island north of Tripoli (Lebanon) . On June 27–28, 1984, a force that included the INS Reshef (under the command of Major Ami Segev), the submarine INS Rahav, (under the command of Haim Kafir), and a pair of swallows (under the command of the Sheitat 13 Commander Yadidia Yaari ) attacked the naval commando base of militants on the island of Al-Nahal and destroyed militant base and vessels. Operation Derech Netz	2.078125
77275096	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddah%20International%20Airport%20%281981%29	Jiddah International Airport (1981)	Congestion In 1958, the Al Ain Azizia administration rushed the construction of the third city, which was made to accommodate the rising number of African hajj pilgrims. The third city was located in the airport, beside the air traffic control tower and hangars. Following the decision, five buildings with three floors at an estimated area of 9652 square metres were built, which could accommodate 2000 pilgrims. This project also included the construction of Pilgrim's Town Square, the entrance to the accommodations and airport. In the 1960s, the construction of Al Hagon Bridge of the Jeddah Internal Ways Project was awarded to The Arab Contractors, Osman Ahmed Osman & Co. The bridge was completed in 1963 and connected Mekka to Jeddah Airport via a series of internal roads, having cost 10,500,000 million Saudi Arabian riyals. By 1964, the control tower had received significant upgrades with 2 floors, including additional tower height. During the 1970s, squadrons No. 4 Squadron RSAF, No. 16 Squadron RSAF, and No. 20 under the 8 Wing were established and based at Jeddah Airport. In 1971, runway 15L/33R was constructed parallel to the pre-existing runway. By this time, the old E/W cross-runway had closed. In 1973, these international airlines served Kandara Airport: Air Algérie, Balkan Bulgarian Airlines, JAT Yugoslav Airlines, Ceskoslovenske Aerolinie (CSA), Ariana Afghan Airlines, Air Afrique, Air Guinée, Afghan Airlines, and Iraqi Airways. In the same year, the administration realized the numbers were increasing, so they rushed the construction of an additional 8 new buildings with an area of 65,935 square metres, able to accommodate 10,000 pilgrims in total. The construction also included an additional transit hall to the airport.	1.976563
77275254	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa%20production%20in%20S%C3%A3o%20Tom%C3%A9%20and%20Pr%C3%ADncipe	Cocoa production in São Tomé and Príncipe	Growing regions São Tomé and Príncipe's equatorial climate makes it a prime location for the growth of cocoa. The cocoa tree was first grown successfully on the island of Príncipe in 1824. A dormant volcano, Príncipe is particularly well-suited for the cocoa tree because of its volcanic soil. Cocoa plantations cover of the island of São Tomé, mainly in its northern and central areas. Production and export Cocoa is an integral part of the São Toméan economy, making up 54% of the country's exports in 2021. There are two systems of cocoa production in São Tomé and Príncipe: conventional cocoa, which is dependent on the prices set by the New York Stock Exchange; and certified cocoa, which is produced organically or through a fair trade process. The amount of cocoa produced in the country reached 3,550 tonnes in 2017, representing 0.1% of the global supply that year. This generated an estimated gross value added of 178 million dobras, or approximately 7.2 million euros at the time. The country's largest cocoa producer is CECAB, short for the , or the "Organic Cocoa Production and Export Cooperative" in English. Founded in 2004, it is a cooperative of smallholders' associations that sell organic cocoa to Kaoka, a high-end, French chocolate manufacturer. National symbols The significance of cocoa to São Tomé and Príncipe is reflected in its representation in the country's national symbols. According to the US Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook, the yellow in São Tomé and Príncipe's national flag symbolises cocoa. Meanwhile, the national coat of arms contains a shield meant to resemble a cocoa pod.	2.609375
77275468	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennese%20Association%20of%20Academics	Viennese Association of Academics	The Viennese Association of Academics () is an Austrian right-wing conservative think tank founded in 1954, which states to defend neoliberalism and Christian values. It has been described as one of the major proponents of anti-Muslim sentiment in Austria and the counter-jihad movement. History and activities The organistation was founded in 1954 by Austrian Minister of Finance Reinhard Kamitz. It was formerly associated with the Austrian People’s Party, until it was banned from the party in 2011 after it questioned the 1947 Prohibition Act. The organisation states to champion freedom of speech and fight against political correctness. It also regularly participates in the annual "March for the Family" demonstration against LGBT rights and queer feminist demands. The organisation presented a "Vienna Integration Manifesto" in 2011 together with some liberal Muslims, in which it among other proposals demanded for Muslim immigrants in Austria to profess themselves as cultural Christians. In 2013, the organisation was behind the establishment of the Identitäre Bewegung Österreich.	2
77275571	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykolaiv%20railway%20station	Mykolaiv railway station	The Mykolaiv railway station () is a railway station in the city of Mykolaiv. The station first opened in 1908, and is a part of Odesa Railways, within the -state-owned Ukrainian Railways. The station is a major passenger train station, and has direct services to most major cities throughout Ukraine, including Kyiv, Odesa, Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Lviv. According to the "Investment Atlas of Ukraine", Mykolaiv's railway station receives an average of 1.2 million passengers every year. Name The railway station was first opened in 1908, and was originally named Vodopyi (). The name then changed to Mykolaiv-Sortuvanny in 1966 before renaming in 1987 to just Mykolaiv. Destinations Many long-distance trains stop at Mykolaiv station. The largest destinations include: Kyiv, Odesa, Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Lviv, Zaporizhzhia, Kryvyi Rih, Kherson, and Ivano-Frankivsk. During summer and winter holidays, additional trains to Kyiv and Lviv are scheduled to accommodate for holiday travel. On July 5, 2016, a new railway track running between Kyiv and Kherson opened, which includes a stop in Mykolaiv. The travel time between Kyiv and Mykolaiv is estimated to be about 6 hours. On November 14, 2022, the first train left Mykolaiv station since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and headed for its destination of Kyiv. There are also trains that serve secondary cities, such as to Mykolaiv (Lviv Oblast), Dolynska, Kakhovka, Tokarivka, and Apostolove.	2.0625
77275696	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography%20of%20Australia	Historiography of Australia	Academic history continued to be influenced by British, American and European trends in historical method and modes of interpretation. Post-structuralist ideas on the relationship between language and meaning were influential in the 1980s and 1990s, for example, in Greg Dening's Mr Bligh's Bad Language (1992). Memory studies and Pierre Nora's ideas on the relationship between memory and history influenced work in a number of fields including military history, ethnographic history, oral history and historical work in Australian museums. Interdisciplinary histories drawing on the insights of fields such as sociology, anthropology, cultural studies and environmental studies have become more common since the 1980s. Transnational approaches which analyse Australian history in a global and regional context have also flourished in recent decades. 21st century Historians such as McKenna, MacIntyre and others point out that in the 21st century most historical works are not created by academic historians, and public conceptions of Australia's history are more likely to be shaped by popular histories, historical fiction and drama, the media, the internet, museums and public institutions. Popular histories by amateur historians regularly outsell work by academic historians. The internet and developments in digital technology mean that individuals and community groups can readily research, produce and distribute their own historical works. Local histories and family histories have proliferated in recent decades. A 2003 survey by the University of Technology, Sydney found that 32 per cent of respondents had engaged in family history or a history-related hobby.	2.671875
77275766	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yewande%20Akinse	Yewande Akinse	Yewande Akinse (née Adebowale) is a Nigerian poet, author and entrepreneur who co-founded, Salubata, Pap.earth and Plychain. She received the African Adaptation Solutions Challenge and the Commonwealth Youth award in connection with the 2022 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Kigali, Rwanda. Education Yewande Akinse was born on September 25, 1992, in Lagos, Nigeria. She attended St. Mary’s Private School in Ajele, Lagos before moving on to the Holy Child College, Lagos, where she completed her secondary education. She obtained her LL.B degree and LL.M degree at the University of Lagos. In 2014 she earned her B.L degree at Nigerian Law School. Career Yewande Akinse is a lawyer, social entrepreneur, poet and author as well as an advocate of climate change. She is the co-founder of PAP. EARTH, an eco search engine which covers the removal of CO2 and controls Climate change, and Salubata, a company that makes modular shoes crafted from recycled plastic waste. She has over 110 published poems. Her works include the collections "A Tale of being, of green and of ing.." (2019) and "Voices: A collection of poems that tell stories" (2016). In 2021, Akinse became one of 15 young African entrepreneurs to win the first edition of the African Youth Adaptation (YouthADAPT) Solutions Challenge. In 2022, Ex-President, Muhammadu Buhari appreciated her for emerging as one of the top four winners in the Commonwealth Youth competition, at the 26th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) held in Kigali, Rwanda. On 8 September 2022, she emerged as the winner of the World Bank YouthActonEDU Spoken Word Prize. Books A Tale of being, of green and of ing (2019) Voices: A collection of poems that tell stories (2016)	2.5625
77276276	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland%20%28meteorite%29	Auckland (meteorite)	The Auckland meteorite, also known as the Ellerslie meteorite, landed in Ellerslie, a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, on 12 June 2004. It crashed through the roof of a house and landed in the living room. As the ninth meteorite to ever be discovered in New Zealand, it is the only one to have ever hit a house in the country. It is owned by the Auckland War Memorial Museum. Impact At 9:30am on 12 June 2004, a meteorite crashed through the roof of a house in Ellerslie, a suburb in Auckland, New Zealand. After bouncing off a couch and hitting the ceiling, it came to a standstill in the living room, not long after the homeowners' grandson had been playing there. The crash was accompanied by a "huge" explosion, and caused dust to go throughout the room. Due to the landing occurring at daylight, nobody saw the meteorite fall to the ground—Brenda Archer (one of the homeowners) said that "If it had fallen in the garden, it would probably have been added to the pile of rocks I'm taking to the dump. Nobody would have known about it." As the country's ninth meteorite to be recovered, it was the first since 1976—the tenth was found in 2024. It was also the country's second meteorite to have been discovered shortly after falling to the ground. This is the only meteorite to have ever hit a house in New Zealand. Subsequent events and sale The landing appeared on the news throughout the world, and was followed by a "meteorite frenzy" in New Zealand. Many people were convinced that they were in possession of a meteorite, and took them to be assessed by scientists. No new meteorites were found.	2.3125
77276379	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frullania%20hodgsoniae	Frullania hodgsoniae	Frullania hodgsoniae is a species of liverwort in the order Porellales, native to New Zealand. The species was first described by Matt Von Konrat, Jörn Hentschel, Jochen Heinrichs, John E. Braggins and Tamás Pócs in 2010. Taxonomy Frullania hodgsoniae was originally described as Frullania aterrima var. lepida by Amy Hodgson in 1949, and later identified as Neohattoria rostrata by Rudolf M. Schuster in 1970. By 1983 the Frullania genus had been revised by Sinske Hattori, who placed this as a subspecies of F. aterrima. The species was reinstated as a species in 2010 due to morphological and chemical differences from other Frullania species. A new species name was chosen that referenced Amy Hodgson; her original epithet could not be used as a different Frullania lepida already existed, and because Schuster's 1970 identification of the species had been recognised as invalid in 1989, due to Schuster citing two collections as the type specimen. Description The species is small and olive-green in colour. It can be distinguished from Frullania hattorii by projections on the underside of the leaf lobes and a 3-keeled perianth, and from Frullania aterrima due to its initial branching appendages, which have three explanate segments. Distribution and habitat Frullania hodgsoniae appears to be endemic to New Zealand, and is found on tree trunks and twigs typically at higher elevations.	2.15625
77276706	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20W.%20Graham	Peter W. Graham	Peter W. Graham is a professor of physics at Stanford University. Early life Graham was born to Wayne Wickelgren and Norma Graham. He has 4 siblings including mathematician Kirsten Wickelgren and American lawyer Abraham Wickelgren. He graduated from Stuyvesant High School. He is grandson of psychologist Frances K. Graham and great-grandson of surgeon Evarts Ambrose Graham. Education Graham attended Harvard University, graduating with an AB and AM in 2002. He studied physics. He received a Ph.D. in physics from Stanford University in 2007. He was advised by Savas Dimopoulos. Career Graham became an assistant professor at Stanford in 2010. He is interested in physics beyond the Standard Model, both theoretically and through proposals for novel experiments using techniques from astrophysics, atomic physics, and solid-state physics. He proposed, with Surjeet Rajendran and others, the Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr), which aims to detect axions as candidates for dark matter using NMR, and the DM Radio Pathfinder Experiment, which aims to search for dark matter in the hidden photon and axion sector using magnetometry and electromagnetic resonance. He also proposed, with Rajendran and others, to detect gravitational waves using atom interferometry.	2.171875
77276973	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafeez%20Merathi	Hafeez Merathi	Hafeez Merathi (Urdu: حفیظ میرٹھی), whose real name was Hafeez-ur-Rahman (10 January 1922 – 07 January 2000) was an Indian Urdu poet, author and critic. He is known for his poem 'Aabaad Rahenge Virane Shadab Rahengi Zanjiren.' Early life and education He was born to Mohammad Ibraheem Khaleel in 1922 at Meerut. In 1939, he completed his high school examination at the Faiz-e-Aam inter college. However, he had to halt his education after the passing of his maternal grandfather Munshi Khadim Husain, a literature enthusiast. This event sparked the poet within Hafeez. In 1947, he successfully passed his F.A as a private student. Hafeez's maternal grandfather, Khadim Hussain, was fond of poetry and encouraged Hafeez's interest in it. Later, Hafeez began consulting Barelvi. Hafeez Sahib participated in poetry gatherings (mushairas) in various countries. Life Initially, Hafeez consulted the poet Aasim Barelvi, but afterward, he did not settle under any particular teacher. His early poetry was deeply influenced by Jigar Muradabadi, characterized by similar tones, metaphors, and word combinations. However, after becoming a member of Jamaat-e-Islami, the nature of his poetry changed significantly. His association with Jamaat-e-Islami greatly influenced both his poetry and his life. In 1975, the government imposed a state of emergency across the country, banning both the RSS and Jamaat-e-Islami, and arresting many of Jamaat-e-Islami's top leaders. Hafeez strongly opposed the Emergency through his poetry, which led to his imprisonment. Although he was released after some time, his views remained unchanged. He continued to express his dissent through poetry at mushairas, which eventually led to his re-arrest. Death He died on 7th January 2000 in Meerut.	2.28125
77277009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian%20Bhurgo	Italian Bhurgo	In the late 19th century, the Konkani-speaking community residing in Bombay faced a void in their entertainment options. This issue was recognized by João Agostinho Fernandes, a popular figure within the community, who sought to address the problem. Fernandes provided encouragement to his mentor, Ribeiro, who was feeling discouraged, to move forward with the preparations for the first-ever Konkani teatro, also known as a Konkani theater production. He was cognizant of the need to provide a suitable alternative to the undesirable zagors, a local form of entertainment, for the Konkani-speaking population in Bombay. He believed that the establishment of a Konkani theater could spark a revolution in the entertainment landscape experienced by the Goan community in the city. The initial endeavors to materialize this vision were impeded by various challenges, particularly the task of securing a suitable quantity of actors for the theatrical production. However, the efforts of Fernandes and Ribeiro eventually led to the successful launch of their pioneering venture. The infrastructure in Bombay, characterized by its expansive and comfortable theaters and opera halls, offered a conducive setting that facilitated their pursuits. The engagement of Goan emigrants in Bombay's music industry not only ensured a steady influx of musicians but also highlighted the contributions of Goans trained in Goa's Escola de Musica (music schools) to the city's musical landscape during that era.	2.40625
77277174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecistocephalus%20angusticeps	Mecistocephalus angusticeps	Mecistocephalus angusticeps is species of soil centipede in the family Mecistocephalidae. This centipede is found in Kenya, Seychelles, and the Chagos Archipelago. This species features only 47 pairs of legs rather than the 49 leg pairs usually observed in the genus Mecistocephalus. Taxonomy and distribution The French zoologist Henri Ribaut first described this species in 1914 based on a single adult female specimen found in 1911 in one of the Shimoni caves at sea level on the coast of Kenya. Ribaut originally described this species under the name Lamnonyx angusticeps. In 1920, the American biologist Ralph V. Chamberlain moved this species to the genus Mecistocephalus. Since then, this species has been found on several islands in the Indian Ocean. Finds were recorded at a few coastal sites on three islands in Seychelles (at Baie Laraie on Curieuse island, on Picard island, and at Fond de l'Anse on Praslin island) and on the Egmont Atoll in the Chagos Archipelago. Phylogeny A phylogenetic analysis of the family Mecistocephalidae based on morphology places this species in a clade with two other Mecistocephalus species with only 47 pairs of legs, M. tahitiensis and an undescribed species found on the Marquesas islands in French Polynesia. This analysis places a clade with only 45 leg pairs in the most basal branch of a phylogenetic tree of the genus Mecistocephalus, with a sister group formed by species in this genus with 47 or more leg pairs, and the clade with only 47 leg pairs in the second most basal branch, with a sister group formed by species in this genus with 49 or more leg pairs. This analysis indicates that the common ancestor of the species in this genus had 45 leg pairs, and that species with more leg pairs evolved through a process that added segments and increased the number of legs incrementally, first to 47 pairs, then (for most species in the genus) to 49 pairs.	2.921875
77277695	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas%20Ka%C5%A1uba	Vytautas Kašuba	At the beginning of his career, Kašuba created monumental sculptures, during the Second World War, a relief - "Liberation of Prisoners" (1942), for which he was awarded a prize at the Lithuanian Artists Exhibition in Kaunas. Since 1952, he has mainly created reliefs in lead. In the 1980s he created sculptures (mainly portraits of women) in plaster, bronze and cast stone. In the 1980s, he created reliefs "The Journey", "The Journey of Being", "Day by Day". Kašuba exhibited his works at the 1964 World's Fair in New York, Kašuba created wall relief panels of images of saints for the Vatican Pavilion, using and reviving the medieval technique of repoussé, which had not been used before in America. He participated in numerous other exhibitions in various cities around the world. In 1975, he was awarded the grand prize of the New York "Culture Hearth" for the project "Monument to Christianity. Mindaugas". In 1984, he received the Lithuanian-American Community Prize in Brooklyn, and in 1992 - the Grand Prize for the project "Monument to Gediminas". In 1993 Kašuba was awarded the Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Art, and in 1994 he was awarded the Order of Gediminas, 3rd degree, for his services to Lithuanian culture. In 1994 Kašuba was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Vilnius Academy of Arts.	2.21875
77277985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaliya%20Shakirova	Amaliya Shakirova	Amaliya Shakirova (born 1995) is an Uzbekistan model, singer, advocate, ambassador, and beauty pageant titleholder best known for winning the title of Miss Grand Uzbekistan 2023. After winning the national competition, Shakirova competed at Miss Grand International 2023, becoming the first Uzbek queen to participate in the pageant. Early life and education Amaliya Shakirova was born and raised in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, in a family with mixed racial and religious backgrounds. She grew up with her mother, grandmother, and grandfather. From a young age, Shakirova was passionate about performing, often standing on a chair to give performances for her family. She also engaged in tennis and professional swimming classes during her childhood. By the age of thirteen, Amaliya began traveling as a model, living independently, and graduated from the Professional College of Design. Career Modeling career Amaliya's modeling career started at the age of 13 when she was scouted by Figaro Agency, which was formerly based in Uzbekistan and is currently located in Malaysia. She moved to Malaysia to pursue modeling at the age of 16. In addition to modeling, Shakirova enjoys dancing, singing, scuba-diving, jet-skiing, ice-skating, and traveling. She is a student in an English program and aims to become multilingual, including learning the Malay language. Shakirova works as a part-time model and has walked the runway for major fashion brands in countries such as Japan and Italy. She currently resides in Manila, Philippines. Entrepreneurial Ventures In Malaysia, Shakirova launched "Amaliya Atelier," a fashion brand that fuses Uzbekistani and Malaysian cultures. The brand was inaugurated in the presence of distinguished guests, including the Ambassador-Designate of the Republic of Uzbekistan to Malaysia. Shakirova expressed her admiration for Malaysian culture, which inspired the creation of the cross-cultural fashion brand. Media Appearances	1.945313
77278324	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema%20of%20Burundi	Cinema of Burundi	The Cinema of Burundi is the filmmaking and film industry in Burundi. History Prior to the Burundi Civil War, Burundi's cinematic history was vastly undocumented. The first recording of film in Burundi occured in 1980 when Burundian Jean-Michel Hussi Nyamusimba produced the first Burundi film, a French coproduction called Ni-Ni. In 1992 Burundi’s first feature film, Gito l’Ingrat was released, a Swiss-French Burundi co-production directed by Leonce Ngabo. Burundi film in the 1990s was also pioneered by women, most notably by Sham-Jeanne Hakizimana, who headed television programs at National Radio and Television of Burundi. She produced the documentary film, Une Burundaise aujourd'hui in 1991. After the civil war, the Burundi film industry was revived in 2007, when Canadian filmmaker Christopher Redmond and Raymond Kalisa, a videographer from Rwanda, co-founded the Burundi Film Centre as a training ground for aspiring filmmakers. They recruited 36 young Burundians for a two-month training in film theory and production. Festivals Festival International du Cinéma et de l’Audiovisuel du Burundi	2.484375
77278397	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%20Cravath%20Wharton	May Cravath Wharton	May Cravath Wharton (1873–1959) was an American physician. She is known for her pioneering medical work in Cumberland County, Tennessee, for providing medical care to the people of the Cumberland Plateau during the 1919 flu pandemic, and for establishing hospitals and clinics in rural Tennessee. She settled in Tennessee in 1917 with her husband and was the resident physician at Pleasant Hill Academy. Born in Minnesota, Wharton attended Carleton College and graduated from the University of North Dakota. She earned her medical degree from the University of Michigan. She wrote the 1953 autobiography Doctor Woman of the Cumberlands. Early life and education May Cravath was born on a farm in St. Charles, Minnesota, on August 18, 1873. Her uncle was Erastus Milo Cravath, a pastor and activist who helped to found Fisk University. From 1890 to 1893 she attended Carleton College in Northfield. She was elected class president in her first year, was a member of the Gamma Delta Society, a women's literary society, and organized women's athletics. She earned her bachelor's degree at the University of North Dakota in 1895 and in 1896 voyaged to Europe with classmates and faculty from Carleton, touring Germany, France, and Switzerland. She was briefly engaged to fellow student William C. Allen. Upon her return to the United States, she taught at the University of North Dakota from 1898 to 1899. She later continued her education at the University of Michigan, earning a medical degree there in 1903. Career Following her graduation from the University of Michigan, Cravath moved to Atlanta, Georgia. She established a medical practice there and married Congregational minister Edwin Wharton. They moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1907 and founded a settlement house where she served as its resident physician. They moved again to New Hampshire in 1909 where May continued her medical practice. May wrote an article on braided rug making for the magazine The House Beautiful in 1917.	2.140625
77278492	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm%20el-Umdan	Umm el-Umdan	Umm el-Umdan (Arabic for 'Mother of Pillars') or Khirbet Umm el-Umdan (khirbet = ruins of) is a Jewish archaeological site within the municipal boundaries of the Israeli city of Modi'in, between the city of Modi'in and Latrun. Archaeological excavations at the site discovered the remains of a Jewish village. The findings show that the place was inhabited during the Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Early Muslim periods. The village was destroyed during the Bar Kokhba revolt. Etymology The Arabic name of the site, Khirbet el 'Eumdan or Khirbet Umm el-‘Umdan, means 'mother of columns', named after the remains visible at the site. Archaeological findings French archaeologist Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau visited the site in 1873 and suggested the ruins were the remains of a church. Rescue excavations were carried out at the site between 2000 and 2003 ahead of the planned construction of residential buildings for Modi'in. The excavations conducted at the site since 2001 revealed mainly the remains of a Second Temple period Jewish village. The village was established in the 4th or 3rd century BC and continued up to the Bar Kokhba revolt, The archaeological findings include narrow streets, remains of buildings, ritual baths, rock-cut tombs and a synagogue. After the Bar Kokhba revolts the top part of the site reveals evidence of terraces, winepresses and burial caves from the late Roman and Byzantine periods. The lower part of the site was used as a burial area in the late Muslim period. Synagogue It was first built during the Hasmonean period and stood between the end of the 2nd and the late 1st century BCE, when it was rebuilt during the Herodian period. The synagogue of the late Roman period was destroyed in the Bar Kokhba revolt. The Umm el-Umdan synagogue should not be confused with a second 1st-century BCE synagogue discovered at nearby Qiryat Sefer/Modi'in Illit at the site of Khirbet Badd 'Isa, on the Ascent of Beth-Horon (see here and here).	2.421875
77278492	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm%20el-Umdan	Umm el-Umdan	Findings Two column rows with 4 columns on each side, whose bases were unearthed, split the later-phase synagogue into three naves. Underneath this late structure, the remains of a Hasmonean-period structure were found, probably also a synagogue and beneath it, the remains of a smaller building from the Hellenistic period. Mikveh West of the synagogue a mikve was discovered, dated to the Herodian period (the second phase of the synagogue). During the Hasmonean period (the first phase of the synagogue) there was already a sitting bath in the courtyard; it seems that during the Hasmonean period there was a bath in the courtyard west to the synagogue. Burial caves Burial complexes dating to the Second Temple period were found to the east and south of the village. even Tomb of Shahin. Identification The location of the Hasmonean village of Modi'in was never firmly established. Today, researches suggest that based on the archaeological finding at Umm el-Umdan it can be identified as the village of Modi'in. Furthermore, its location almost perfectly matches the location seen in the Madaba map.	2.296875
77278501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinn%20derby	Tallinn derby	The Tallinn derby () is the name given to a football rivalry between FC Flora and FCI Levadia, two clubs based in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. First contested in 1999, the fixture is considered to be the fiercest rivalry in Estonian football, with Flora and Levadia being the two biggest and most successful football clubs in the country. Although Levadia was originally founded in Maardu, the club moved to Tallinn in 2000 and officially affiliated themselves with the capital city in 2004. Since 2019, the two clubs share their home ground A. Le Coq Arena. During winter and early spring months, the matches take place at Sportland Arena, as natural grass grounds are not playable during the period due to the region's harsh winter climate. In the past, language and nationality were also one of the separating factors between the two clubs, as Levadia was seen as the club of choice for the Russian-speaking population of the city and Flora for the Estonian-speaking. While Flora has remained to represent Estonian nationalism and only plays with Estonian players, Levadia is no longer affiliated with Russian-speaking culture and is more of an international club, often relying on international players on the pitch. Thus, the cultural divide between the two clubs has diminished significantly. History Background	1.929688
77278511	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Grove	Arthur Grove	Arthur Stanley Grove (July 22, 1864 – February 2, 1942, Richmond, Surrey) was a British botanist and expert on the genus Lilium and a writer on gardening and horticulture for the popular press. Arthur Stanley Grove was the youngest child of the three sons and two daughters of Sir George Grove and Harriet, Lady Grove. Arthur Grove's godparents were Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Arthur Sullivan, and Olga Elizabeth von Glehn (1839–1918), a sister of the talented pianist Marie Emilie "Mimi" von Glehn (1842–1886). Arthur Grove was trained an engineer, but soon became an enthusiastic amateur gardener. At his garden near Henley-on-Thames, he cultivated a remarkable collection of plants. He made a life-long study of lilies, maintained a wide interest in gardening, and for many years was the chief horticultural contributor to The Times. A Supplement to Elwes' Monograph of the Genus Lilium From March 1877 to May 1880, Taylor & Francis published in seven parts the classic Monograph of the Genus Lilium, written by Henry John Elwes (with some assistance from John Gilbert Baker) and illustrated by Walter Hood Fitch. In 1922, Elwes, elderly and in declining health, asked his friend Arthur Grove to produce a comprehensive supplement. Dame Alice Godman, widow of Frederick DuCane Godman, agreed to underwrite the cost of the work. (Frederick Godman's first wife was Elwes' sister Edith, who died soon after giving birth to her first child — the child died soon after birth.) Dulau & Company published the supplement (co-written by Grove and the botanist A.D. Cotton). The first seven parts of the supplement were published between July 1933 and February 1940, with 30 hand-coloured lithographed plates, all except two by Lilian Snelling (1879–1972).	2.234375
77278733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Chambers%20%28musician%29	Joe Chambers (musician)	Joseph Frank Chambers (July 27, 1954 – September 28, 2022) was an American musician, songwriter, record producer, A&R executive, musical stores entrepreneur, and co-founder and CEO of the Musician's Hall of Fame and Museum (MHOFM) in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1978 at Nashville, TN Joe met songwriter, producer, and Epic Records President Billy Sherrill. Sherrill became Chambers' mentor for songwriting, record producing, and artists and repertoire (A&R) at CBS Records. Sherrill passed on his knowledge and experience to Joe. Chambers wrote songs that were recorded by famous Country singers including several that were hit songs. Sherrill let Joe shadow him during many record producing projects. Through this mentoring, Chambers met and made friends with some of the great session musicians in Nashville. In 1985 Chambers opened a small chain of music music stores in the Nashville area. Later Joe bought and sold vintage guitars for famous musicians. In November of 2003, Joe and his wife Linda co-founded the future Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. After two and half years of renovating, it opened to the public in June of 2006. Early life Chambers was born on July 27, 1954, in Columbus, Georgia. His father was Frank Chambers (October 30, 1910 - August 17, 2004) and his mother was Eugenia Brooks Chambers (December 8, 1920 - September 20, 2004). 1969 - 1978 Musician In the summer of 1969 Joe played guitar in the rock and roll band he founded (The Soul Proprietors) at age 14 in Columbus, Georgia. The band won the local Jaycees-Sponsored Battle of the Bands in his senior year in high school, and went on to win first place at the Nationals Battle of the Bands in September 1973. Chambers started writing songs at this time. The band continued to play around Georgia and nearby states.	2.046875
77278853	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20Wiedemann	Charlotte Wiedemann	Charlotte Wiedemann (born 1954 in Mönchengladbach, West Germany) is a German prize-winning journalist and author. She is mainly known for her reports and essays as freelance journalist for German and Swiss-German news media. Based on her frequent travels to African and Middle Eastern countries, she also authored several non-fiction books. In these, she discussed the perception of political events such as the Holocaust and the Nakba, changes in the political situation in Mali, Iran and North Africa, as well as Western domination and White journalists' views on non-White societies. Life and career Following her M.A. in social pedagogy, sociology, and political science from the University of Göttingen, Wiedemann attended the Hamburg School of Journalism. After her first experience as editor at a local newspaper, she worked as political correspondent and reporter in Bonn, Hamburg and Berlin for publications such as Stern, Die Woche and die tageszeitung. From 1999 to 2003, Wiedemann lived on Penang Island in Malaysia, contributing reports from across Southeast Asia for German and Swiss media outlets such as Die Zeit, Le Monde diplomatique, German edition and Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Wiedemann has also worked as lecturer in journalism training programmes, mainly at the German Protestant School for Journalists in Berlin, but also at the University of Erfurt and the Technical University of Dortmund. In particular, she lectured on journalists' perception of non-European cultures and on reporting about Islamic societies.	2.1875
77278853	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20Wiedemann	Charlotte Wiedemann	Among others, Wiedemann wrote reports about the so-called Arab Spring in Egypt, Tunisia and Yemen. Further, she conducted field research over a number of years since at least 2007 in Mali. In an article of June 2024 for the German website Qantara.de, Wiedemann wrote about the war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. Major interests covered in her articles and books are the cultural bias of white journalists' views on non-white societies and the German debates and definitions of Erinnerungskultur (culture of remembrance), both relating to the prevailing reference to the Holocaust and Nazi Germany, as well as to crimes committed during colonial and modern times. Understanding the Pain of Others Two years after her 2022 book Den Schmerz der Anderen begreifen. Holocaust und Weltgedächtnis. (Understanding the Pain of Others. Holocaust and World Memory), Wiedemann described her motivation and research for this work. Due to the German solidarity with Israel, which was declared a "Staatsraison" (raison d'être) in Germany, and the prevailing reference of the culture of remembrance to the Holocaust, she wanted to describe trauma and the respective memory of genocide and other crimes against humanity in regions such as Africa, Asia or the Arab world as equally important historical events that deserve worldwide recognition. Through her experiences as a foreign correspondent and her empathy with the people of these regions, she defined "the culture of remembrance as an ethical resource that belongs at the same time to no one and to everyone."	2.15625
77279582	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirsium%20greimleri	Cirsium greimleri	Stomatal guard cells are about 16.5 micrometres long and 9.2 μm wide. Flowers The flowers of C. greimleri are grouped in flower heads (capitula), with each head containing between 1 and 8 individual flowers. These flower heads can be solitary or arranged in clusters (corymbosely) at the top of the stem, sometimes appearing on 1 to 5 side branches (lateral pedicels). The protective casing around the flowers (the involucre) measures 12.9 to 21.0 mm in length during flowering. Phyllaries are arranged in 6 to 7 rows. bracts flare out from the bud, with distinct vittae. The outer bracts having a visible spine, while the inner ones do not. Involucres are purplish brown to purplish black. The flower heads abound with nectar. The pollen is coarsely spined. Petals are is 17.3 to 21.0 mm long in hermaphrodites, and 15.1 to 18 mm in females. At full flowering (anthesis), corollae average deep violet, but can be greyish violet or even ruby. During fading, corollae average dark purple, but can be lighter, dark magenta, or even dark ruby or dark violet. They ultimately fade to whitish, as does the brownish-purple (in hermaphrodites) or ochre synantherium. The style is always whitish except for the ruby shortly bi-lobed stigma, which fades to deep crimson or brownish-purple. Fruit Strongly wind-dispersed (anemochorous), its fruits contain oblong, compressed, asymmetric greyish ochre achenes, 16 to 19 mm in hermaphrodites, 14.5 to 18.0 mm in females. They are attached to either 4 or 5 mm pappi. The pappus is whitish and feathery or strawlike. The average dry weight of 1000 seeds is 0.4 g. Chromosomes C. greimleri is a diploid species with sporophytic chromosome number 2n=2x=34, without variation. Its somatic nuclear DNA size is about 1929 Mega base pairs. Similar species	2.3125
77279582	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirsium%20greimleri	Cirsium greimleri	The following hybrids have been reported: C. × juratzkae = C. greimleri × C. heterophyllum. C. × przybylskii = C. greimleri × C. oleraceum. C. × reichardtii = C. greimleri × C. palustre. C. × stiriacum = C. greimleri × C. rivulare. C. × stroblii = C. greimleri × C. spinosissimum. C. × sudae = C. carniolicum × C. greimleri . C. × scopolii = C. erisithales × C. greimleri. Of the Cirsium species native to the northern part of its range, the greatest geographic overlap is with C. palustre, C. arvense, C. vulgare, and C. oleraceum. There is high overlap with C. eristhales and C. heterophyllum. There is moderate overlap with C. rivulare. There is low overlap with C. spinosissimum and C. carniolicum. There is very little overlap with, C. pannonicum, C. acaule, and no overlap with C. alsophilum, C. brachycephalum, C. canum. Though the lack of overlap with C. alsophilum, also a mountainous species with a presence in the Alps and Dinarides, is not certain at least for the Dinaric portion of its range. Despite high range overlap, C. greimleri does not hybridise with C. arvense, which may be due to intersectional incompatibility. Associations C. greimleri grows in forests dominated by Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus incana, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus cembra, and Sorbus aucuparia. It is often found in association with other subalpine tall forbs, such as Adenostyles alliariae, Athyrium filix-femina, Calluna vulgaris, Cerastium lanatum, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Cicerbita alpina, Doronicum austriacum, Dryopteris filix-mas, Erigeron glabratus, Gentiana asclepiadea, Hieracium laevigatum, Hieracium lachenalii, Hieracium sylvaticum, Lactuca muralis, Peucedanum ostruthium, Phyteuma spicatum, Pleurospermum austriacum, Polypodium vulgare, Prenanthes purpurea, Senecio nemorensis , Senecio ovatus, Struthiopteris spicant, Telekia speciosa, Vaccinium myrtillus, Valeriana tripteris, Veratrum lobelianum, and Veronica urticifolia.	2.125
77279582	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirsium%20greimleri	Cirsium greimleri	Among the shorter species it associates with are Aremonia agrimonoides, Artemisia umbelliformis, Cardamine enneaphyllos, Cardamine trifolia, Cerastium lanatum, Lamium orvala, Omphalodes verna, Sanicula epipactis, and Vicia oroboides. It forms part of the Pinion mugo type of Krummholz vegetation in the Dinarics. It is sometimes an element of the Scabioso hladnikianae-Grafietum golakae association. It is a rare element of the Calamagrostion arundinaceae association, the Huperzio-Alnetum viridis Mulgedio-Aconitetea (1948) subassociation, and the Polysticho-lonchitis-fagetum rhododendrotosum hirsuti subassociation. It is also found in the associations EU 6170 Adenostylion, Cirsio cani-Filipenduletum ulmariae, Caricion davallianae, and Veronico-Calitrichetum. Conservation It readily forms hybrids, with the highest degree of promiscuity in its genus among the Cirsium species of the Pannonian Basin, leaving it vulnerable to genetic erosion through local imbalances in pollen production, leading to unidirectional geneflow, for which reason it is regarded as an endangered species. Most populations consist of only a few to several hundreds of individuals, and only the Koralpe and Seetaler Alpen have known populations with over a thousand. Within its genus, an erosion risk is not unique to C. greimleri, applying also to C. alsophilum, C. bertolonii, and C. carniolicum. A collection of seeds for the Millennium Seed Bank was made in 2014.	2.484375
77279848	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic%20Village%20%28Moscow%29	Olympic Village (Moscow)	Construction of the village began in 1977 and continued until 1980. During this period, 18 residential buildings with 3,438 apartments, 8 children's institutions and 22 buildings for cultural, communal and sports purposes were erected. The perimeter of the residential area was marked with a fence with checkpoints, and wheeled electric trains were launched through the territory. On a section of the Samorodinka riverbed adjacent to the village, a park was organized. In addition, special places were allocated for the religious rites of Christians, Muslims, Jews and Buddhists, and 20 clergy were invited. The settlement of athletes began at the end of June 1980. The official opening, which took place on June 28 at the Square of Nations, was attended by the chairman of the executive committee of the Moscow City Council, Vladimir Promyslov, and the Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games, Ignatiy Novikov. During the Olympics, athletes were moved into apartments in pairs, however, due to the refusal of a number of countries to participate in the Olympics, some houses remained unoccupied. With the end of the Olympic Games, the village was officially closed by its organizers on August 10, and six months later, as planned, it was given to the city. In the spring of 1981, 14.5 thousand residents began moving into the area into apartments that had previously been cleared of interior. In the same year, the authors of the Olympic Village project were awarded the USSR State Prize. The non-residential buildings of the former Olympic Village, which housed the administration and cultural center, were transferred at different times to Moscow cultural institutions. From 2014 to 2017, reconstruction was carried out in the former cultural center. By June 2019, a residential complex was built on the site of the former telephone exchange of the Olympic Village. Also in 2018–2019, tennis courts, a football field with artificial turf and an indoor skating rink were built in the microdistrict.	1.945313
77279924	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Silvia	Charles Silvia	He served as the swim coach at his former alma mater Springfield College, from the Fall of 1937 through 1978. He began graduate work at Springfield during his employment as swim coach in 1937. In his earliest years at Springfield, he helped administer physical fitness, nutrition, and swimming placement tests to new students, and taught the Theory and Practice of Swimming. Formerly a multisport athlete as a High School student, while at Springfield, in addition to swimming, he helped coach the football and baseball teams. One of his most outstanding successors as a Springfield College coach was Peter Avdoulos who coached the Springfield Diving Team from 1986 through around 2024, though Avdoulos dove for Springfield beginning in the mid-1980's shortly after Silvia's coaching tenure. Silvia briefly coached and taught at other academic institutions between 1944 and 1945, when Springfield was forced to make cuts in their athletic programs during WWII. Beginning with a strong inaugural team at Springfield in 1937, he inherited several AAU and state champions, and after becoming a proficient recruiter of talent, he led the team to around ten New England Intercollegiate Championships during his coaching tenure, according to several sources, including his bio in the American Swimming Coaches Association Hall of Fame. Silvia is credited with coaching as many as 200 All America swimmers during his coaching career. The Springfield Maroons swimmers won their first New England Championship in 1941, and captured seven consecutive championships between 1968 and 1974 as Silvia matured in his skills. In their sixth consecutive New England Intercollegiate Championship in 1973 held at Springfield's Linkletter Natatorium, Silvia's team won convincingly and scored 347 points to Williams 222 points, and Bowdoin Colleges's 221, winning by a 100-point margin for the third straight year. Silvia's teams had considerable depth in the early 1970's with contributions from many team members.	2.40625
77280059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuela%20Saborido%20Mu%C3%B1oz	Manuela Saborido Muñoz	Saborido was convicted of a crime related to her ex-husband and drug trafficking that led to her imprisonment in 2004, although she later declared that she had been convinced to accept a plea agreement despite not being guilty. She was detained for nine months in the Puerto II prison in Cádiz, during which time Saborido became the head of the prison's library and dedicated herself to caring for sick and struggling inmates. During her life, she collected Elizabethan-style decorative pieces and antiques for her home, and in August 2013 she turned it into a museum, with money received from ticket sales being dedicated to social assistance for the people of her hometown. In 2021, she founded the Manuela Saborido Foundation: Manolita Chen, Arcos de la Frontera. With the aim of "promoting the legacy of Mrs. Manuela Saborido as an activist in favour of the LGBT community and other disadvantaged groups, as well as promoting and publicising all the social causes and struggles for equal rights that are part of her life." For the operation of her foundation, she donated all her real estate assets and works of art. This helped her to inaugurate, together with a collaboration agreement with the organization Inserta Andalucía, the first shelter in Arcos de la Frontera to serve as a refuge for people who have suffered rejection for being part of the LGBT community. Since 2023, the foundation has had its headquarters in the Flora Tristán International Space for Social, Cultural, and Technological Innovation at Pablo de Olavide University in Seville. Awards and recognition Saborido is not only recognized for being one of the first transsexual artists to make a place for herself in the Spanish scene, but also for being a key figure in the struggles of the LGBT community. In 2014, the Association of Transsexuals of Andalusia (ATA) presented her with an award for her career in the fight for freedom, for normalization, visibility, and for her courage in an era where being transsexual was a crime.	1.929688
77280066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20Saltern	Irene Saltern	Two months after arriving in Hollywood, Saltern was hired to work in Universal Studios’ publicity department, thanks to an introduction from Max Factor’s son-in-law, whom she met at a German expat party. In late 1937, Saltern was hired as a costume designer at Republic Pictures, where she created costumes for 34 movies in less than two years. Between 1940 and 1942, she was head of wardrobe design at Samuel Goldwyn Pictures as well as worked on films for the Paramount, Hal Roach, Frank Lloyd, Universal, and Columbia studios. During this period, she worked with directors including Alfred Hitchcock and Jack Skirball and designed costumes for Vivien Leigh, Cary Grant, Margaret Sullavan, Martha Scott, Olivia de Havilland, and dancer Ann Miller, among other actors. In 1942, the New York Museum of Costume named Saltern one of 10 outstanding Hollywood designers, along with Edith Head, Dolly Tree, Irene Lentz Gibbons, Howard Greer, Travis Banton, Edward Stevenson, Avis Caminez, and Jack Huston. World War II era When the US War Production Board issued guidelines for clothing rationing in 1942 (General Limitation Order L-85), the board invited Hollywood designers, including Saltern, to create fashions that complied with the new restrictions on fabric. Saltern's designs for the contest were then used for Priscilla Lane's costumes in Hitchcock's film Saboteur. Also in this period, she began designing commercially, including frocks for the Hollywood Premiere label and overalls for Sun Rose. In an effort to raise money to get other family members out of Europe, Saltern also started several businesses, including a company selling snoods (decorative hairnets) that used Ginger Rogers and other Hollywood stars as models and a fashion doll company promoted by Ginger Rogers. She also was the fashion editor of the Silhouette style magazine for department stores, created personal wardrobes for Hollywood stars such as Martha Scott and Jane Russell, and designed costumes for the Pasadena Playhouse and other California theaters.	2.359375
77280197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnytsia%20railway%20station	Vinnytsia railway station	Vinnytsia railway station () is the main railway station in the Ukrainian city of Vinnytsia. It first opened in 1870, and is a part of Southwestern Railways. According to the "Investment Atlas of Ukraine", the station receives around 1.3 million passengers every year. History The station was built in 1870 as part of a rail line between Kyiv and Podilsk. Initially, the building of the station was made out of wood. A stone building was constructed at the end of the 19th century. In 1940, the current building was constructed. In 1952, it was rebuilt again after being destroyed during the Second World War. The station underwent major renovations in 2003 due to its aging infrastructure. In 2018, Vinnytsia's railway station was the 6th busiest train station in Ukraine, with 5.7 million passengers. Destinations Major long-distance destinations are: Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Uzhhorod, Chernivtsi, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Zaporizhzhia, Mykolaiv, Kovel, and Odesa. International destinations include: Budapest, Bratislava, Prague, Bucharest, Chișinău, Minsk, and Moscow.	1.945313
77280358	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kotor%20Varo%C5%A1	Siege of Kotor Varoš	Timeline On 11 June 1992, Serbian soldiers attacked the city of Kotor Varoš. Shootings broke out in the city, VRS on one side and ARBiH and HVO on the other, the civilians were in a panic. The Serbs also shelled the city from the surrounding area. The village of Večići was attacked with heavy artillery and air raids, while Hanifići, Plitska and Kotor were attacked and set on fire. Vrbanjci were a mixed village with a majority Muslim and Croat population. On 11 June 1992, several non-Serbs from Vrbanjač were arrested and taken in the direction of Kotor Varoš. On 12 June the fighting ended and the city was occupied by the VRS. On 13 June, VRS soldiers attacked and shelled the village of Hravacani, where Muslims lived, and killed five elderly Muslims. Serbs forced many Muslims and Croats to flee into the forest. Army of Bosnian Serbs attacked the town of Kotor-Varoš and the village of Vrbanci. On 19 June Muslims and Croats surrendered their weapons and returned to the city. On June 25 in Kotor Varoš, there was a shooting between ARBiH and VRS under the command of Slobodan Dubočanin. Rebel ARBiH soldiers were killed. Aftermath The battle resulted in significant destruction and displacement of the civilian population. Reports of atrocities and ethnic cleansing emerged, with many non-Serb residents being expelled or killed. When Kotor Varoš was under Serb control, there were also crimes against Croat and Bosniak population.	2.171875
77280815	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Yihan	Zhang Yihan	Zhang Yihan (born 24 January 2008) is a Chinese artistic gymnast. She represented China at the 2024 Summer Olympics and placed eighth in the uneven bars final. Career Zhang competed at the 2021 Chinese Youth Games and finished eighth with the Henan provincial team. Then at the 2022 Chinese Youth Championships, she won the silver medal in the all-around in the U14 age group. In the event finals, she won gold on uneven bars, silver on vault, and bronze on floor exercise. At the 2023 Chinese Championships, Zhang placed eighth in the uneven bars final. She then competed at the 2023 Kazan Friendly where the Chinese team lost to Russia. Individually, Zhang won the bronze medal in the all-around despite placing fourth, due to the two-per-country rule. In the event finals, she won silver medals on both vault and uneven bars. Zhang became age-eligible for senior competitions in 2024. She made her senior debut at the 2024 Cottbus World Cup. She finished fourth on the uneven bars, only 0.100 away from the bronze medalist Maellyse Brassart. She was selected to compete for China at the 2024 Summer Olympics alongside Luo Huan, Ou Yushan, Qiu Qiyuan and Zhou Yaqin. Competitive history	2.09375
77280895	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Barri%C3%A8re%20de%20Clichy	La Barrière de Clichy	The Barrière de Clichy. Defence of Paris, 30 March 1814 is an oil-on-canvas painting by Horace Vernet from 1820. It shows a battle against Russian cossacks at the barrière de Clichy (part of the Battle of Paris), highlighting the soldiers present but not engaged in fighting. Vernet's participation in this battle marked his only experience in active combat, which influenced his choice of subject matter for the remainder of his career. The painting was commissioned by the goldsmith Jean-Baptiste-Claude Odiot, who, like Vernet, fought in the battle under Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey. Odiot gave the work to the Chambre des Pairs in 1835. It was transferred to the musée du Luxembourg two years later, then to its current owner, the Louvre, in 1874. Context Vernet fought in the defense of Paris as a member of the National Guard in 1814. His participation in this battle resulted in him being inducted into the Legion of Honor during the Hundred Days. After his brief time in the National Guard, Vernet's paintings began to focus primarily on military events and battles. Some of his works following this theme include Bataille de Somo-Sierra (1816), Bataille de Jemmapes (1821), and this painting, La Barrière de Clichy. Analysis In La Barrière de Clichy, Vernet depicts various aspects of the battlefield at the Clichy gate in the defense of Paris, including soldiers not engaged in direct combat. He placed the battle in the background of the painting, while in the foreground, he painted leaders giving orders and wounded soldiers. Vernet showed precise attention to detail in this work, illustrating the soldiers' uniforms with accuracy. The painting highlights the reality soldiers face in battle beyond fighting, a topic about which he had a personal perspective.	2.734375
77281056	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre-Marie%20Jazet	Jean-Pierre-Marie Jazet	Jean-Pierre-Marie Jazet (31 July 1788 – 16 August 1871) was a French engraver known for his etchings, aquatints and mezzotints. Life His father was Jean-Marie Jazet, verifier of the crown's buildings, who was mortally wounded in 1793 by an exploding cannon whilst serving in the Paris National Guard, when Jean-Pierre-Marie was only five. His mother was Jeanne Marquant, sister of Suzanne Marquant, second wife of the painter and engraver Philibert-Louis Debucourt. After his father's death, Jean-Pierre-Marie was raised by his mother's brother Debucourt, becoming one of his best pupils. For his art, Jazet learned and used burin, aquatint, stipple and etching. Jean-Pierre-Marie Jazet mainly produced his compositions at night. He mainly worked on genres favoured by his uncle and sold them to print dealers to help his mother financially. Later, still faithful to his master, he accompanied him until his death - Debucourt, who could no longer work, had spent considerable sums and his nephew helped him to end his life peacefully. Jazet began exhibiting in 1817. He began his peak period two years later with engravings after Jacques-Louis-David's The Coronation of Napoleon, Antoine-Jean Gros's Standing Portrait of général Lassalle, Horace Vernet's The Bivouac of Colonel Moncey and François-Joseph Heim's Distribution of Prizes at the 1824 Salon. His many engravings, particularly those realised after Vernet's works and on subjects from Napoleon I's life and the First French Empire, then his regular exhibiting at the Paris Salon gained him a major reputation.	2.265625
77281344	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibadulla%20Adam	Ibadulla Adam	Ibadulla Adam (born 14 January 2002) is a sprinter from the Maldives. Career He began competing in athletics in 2015, whilst studying at Gdh. Atoll Education Centre. The year, he won Best Athlete at the Interschool Athletics Championship. He held youth and junior national records in the 100 metres, becoming the first junior Maldivian to run under 11 seconds. At the South Asian Junior Athletics Championship 2018, he won a bronze medal in the 4×100 relay. He competed at the 2018 Youth Olympic Games in Buenos Aires, and the Indian Ocean Games in 2019. He was selected to represent the Maldives at the 2019 Asian Athletics Championships in Doha. He was part of the Men's 4 × 400 metres relay team which placed fifth overall. After recovering from injury that ruled him out of competition, he was awarded a universality place at the 2024 Paris Olympics. He was granted the honour of being a flag bearer for his country during the opening ceremony. He did not proceed past the preliminary round in the men’s 100 metres race in Paris.	2.0625
77281350	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20nozze%20di%20Figaro%20%28Kleiber%20recording%29	Le nozze di Figaro (Kleiber recording)	Le nozze di Figaro is a 1955 studio recording of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera of the same name released by the Decca label with the Vienna Philharmonic and Choir of Vienna State Opera conducted by Erich Kleiber. The cast of singers include Lisa Della Casa as the Countess, Hilde Güden as Susanna, Suzanne Danco as Cherubino, Cesare Siepi as Figaro and Alfred Poell as the Count, as well as Hilde Rössel-Majdan, Fernando Corena and Murray Dickie. The recording was released in 1955 and received critical acclaim for its conducting, singing and orchestra playing. Critics noted the immersive drama of the performance, the beauty, elegance, and unvarnished nature of the singing. Regarding the piece as a whole, critics praised the flow, balance, cohesion, and blend of the parts. Hilde Güden garnered particular praise for her performance, while music critics viewed the recording as a sincere representation of Mozart's music. A winner of France's Grand Prix du Disque and Diapason d'Or, the recording was unusual for its playful, punchy, and lively tone and elements of dramatic acting, aspects of which foreshadowed period-instrument recordings. It was the first recording of the opera to include all the recitatives. A gramophone classic, the recording is often cited as one of the most authoritative interpretations of the opera and has been ranked among the top classical music recordings. Decca rereleased the recording as part of its Legends – Legendary Performances series in 1999.	2.109375
77281603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole%20du%20Pharo	École du Pharo	The town remains the owner of the land and buildings, which are subject to an emphyteutic lease. In addition, the Ministry of War, which had vast holdings in the district, allocated premises to the new school at Fort d'Entrecasteaux (a military site located on the other side of Boulevard du Pharo, which became Boulevard Charles Livon in 1922). Mission and teaching From the outset, the school's vocation was to provide practical rather than theoretical training for doctors and pharmacists who had already graduated, as stated in the decree of October 3, 1905: "to provide second-class medical officers and pharmacists and trainee medical officers and pharmacists in the Colonial Army with the special professional, theoretical and above all practical training required to fulfill the service obligations of the Colonial Army Medical Corps in France and the colonies... ". The first teachers were the school's directors, including Albert Clarac, who began work on his voluminous Traité de pathologie exotique, clinique et thérapeutique, the first volumes of which were published during his time as director of the school, and Paul-Louis Simond, a renowned pastor who had just discovered the role of the flea in the transmission of the plague. Theoretical teaching originally comprised 6 sections: Diseases of hot countries. Army surgery and special diseases. Bacteriology, parasitology, hygiene, and prophylaxis of tropical diseases. Sanitary police, forensic medicine, health service administration. Surgical anatomy, surgical medicine, and equipment. Chemistry, toxicology, pharmacy. Practical training is provided in the school's laboratories and the departments of Marseille's civilian and military hospitals.	2.59375
77281603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole%20du%20Pharo	École du Pharo	Thus, following the outbreaks of human and equine encephalitis in the Camargue in 1963, Nicoli oriented his research unit towards virology applied to arboviruses. He equipped it with a safety level 3 laboratory. Successively involved in research on dengue fever, Rift Valley fever and the chikungunya virus, it developed a strong diagnostics activity to meet the needs of highly exposed armies in tropical zones, and in 2012 became the Centre national de référence - Arbovirus. In 1977, the corps of army veterinary biologists was attached to the Army Health Service, leading to the creation of the Section vétérinaire d'étude et de recherche en physiologie et pathologie animale (SVERPPA) at the École du Pharo. In November 1979, the research laboratories were restructured into the Centre d'étude et de recherche en médecine tropicale. In 1980, faced with the growing risk of malaria among French forces deployed in Africa, due to the emergence of parasite resistance to available preventive treatments, the center created a major research laboratory dedicated to Plasmodium, organized into two units. One, more focused on the physiology and pharmacology of the parasite, became a laboratory associated with the National Reference Center - Malaria in 2007. The other focuses more on parasite epidemiology, molecular markers and the in vitro activity of antimalarial drugs. In 60 years of research, the École du Pharo has made major scientific advances in its chosen fields.	2.453125
77281603	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole%20du%20Pharo	École du Pharo	Other publications Collectively or individually, the Pharo's teaching staff continued to publish scientific and historical works, from the Traité de pathologie exotique, clinique et thérapeutique by its first director Albert Clarac, published from 1909 in collaboration with Charles Grall, to Peau noire, dermatologie des peaux génétiquement pigmentées et des maladies exotiques by Professor Jean-Jacques Morand, and Cas cliniques en médecine tropicale by Professors Pierre Aubry and Jean-Étienne Touze, from the school's Chair of Tropical Medicine. Congresses, conferences, seminars Throughout its existence, the school has organized numerous scientific meetings both inside and outside its walls. The first major congress to involve the school was the one devoted to malaria in Algiers in 1930. In addition to its participation, the school was in the path of European delegations on their way to Algeria, all of which stopped off at the Pharo, coming from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, India, the League of Nations, etc. After the World War II, when it was still known as the École d'application, it was the venue for numerous symposia, seminars and congresses, including the 1952 and 1955 International Training Course for Nutritionists for Sub-Saharan Africa, the 1969 International Meeting on Meningococcal Immuno-Biochemistry, the 1983 International Conference on Cerebrospinal Meningitis in conjunction with the World Health Organization, the information seminar on cholera, the Congress of French-speaking Leprologists, etc.	2.140625
77281608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Petta	Jason Petta	Jason Robert Petta (born 1975) is a physics researcher, professor, and noted contributor to developments in quantum computing. He is a professor at UCLA, and was formerly Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics at Princeton University. Petta was born in 1975 in Freeport, Illinois. After graduating from Freeport High School, he attended technical school and worked in construction for two years before enrolling in the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He received a B.S. degree in engineering physics from that university, as well as both an M.S. and a Ph.D. in physics from Cornell University. His thesis title was Effects of spin-orbit coupling on single quantum states in metallic quantum dots, completed in 2003 under the advisor Daniel Ralph. After graduating Cornell with his Ph.D., Petta worked as a postdoctoral fellow in Charlie Marcus's research group at Harvard University, participating in experiments trapping and detecting singular electrons and controlling spin states with two electrons. Petta left Harvard and started a position at Caltech in 2006, before joining Princeton University in 2007. In 2008, Petta won a Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering. He also won a National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2009 and a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2010. Also in 2010, Petta, then an assistant professor at Princeton, described a discovery in quantum computing: when applying voltage to electrodes, electrons can be formed into "spin qubits", a quantum version of a bit. This was touted as a milestone in physics by Princeton, and experts such as David DiVincenzo commended the discovery. In 2015, Petta spearheaded the development of a microwave laser composed of multiple quantum dots for use in quantum computing. Other research at Princeton included quantum coherence control within nanostructures of semiconductors.	2.078125
77281614	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORP%20Nurek	ORP Nurek	ORP Nurek was a Polish diver depot ship from the interwar period and the beginning of World War II. Built at the Polish Navy Shipyard in Gdynia, it was commissioned in 1936 as a diver support and rescue and salvage ship, particularly for submarines. It participated in the construction of the ports in Hel and Władysławowo. The ship was bombed and sunk on September 1 in the ; the wreck was salvaged by the Germans and scrapped. Origins and construction From the early 1930s, there was rapid quantitative and qualitative growth in the navy. The commissioning of three Wilk-class submarines, which formed the in 1931, particularly highlighted the need for a modern auxiliary unit capable of performing maritime rescue tasks. The aged motorboat Nurek, which had served as a diver support vessel since the mid-1920s, was technically inadequate for these new tasks. The prospect of constructing additional submarines led the technical service of the to prepare preliminary designs for a depot ship by mid-1934. These designs primarily differed in engine type (with proposed power ranging from 160 to 280 hp), size (maximum length of 30 m), and displacement (90 to 120 t). Ultimately, all these designs were rejected in favor of a completely different project developed by engineer . The ship was to have a hull made of steel joined by a welding joint, a technology not previously used by the builder – the Polish Navy Shipyard in Gdynia. A different technology was used for the superstructure, which was made of brass joined by riveting. For propulsion, a modified Nohab engine from the Jaskółka-class minesweepers was used, with a power of 260 hp, which was half the power of the original Nohab engine due to the reduction in the number of cylinders from 8 to 4.	1.992188
77281752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20La%20Plata%20%281957%29	Battle of La Plata (1957)	The Battle of La Plata was a battle fought on January 17, 1957, in the coastal village of La Plata in the Sierra Maestra mountain range of Cuba during the Cuban Revolution. It is notable as the first battle of the revolution following the Landing of the Granma which was a success for the rebels, who had previously suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Alegría de Pío in which the vast majority of their forces had been killed, wounded or captured. Background On December 2, 1956, 82 rebels of the July 26th Movement, a Cuban revolutionary organization headed by Fidel Castro, whose goal was to topple the military dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista, landed on the coast of southern Cuba near Playa Las Coloradas in Niquero Municipality on a small yacht called the "Granma". After 3 days trekking through the forests on the way to the Sierra Maestra in order to wage a guerilla campaign, their local guide had abandoned them and told nearby army patrols of the location of the guerillas. They were soon ambushed by the military at the small village Alegría de Pío, which severely crippled the rebels, with most of the 82 men having been killed. Though the survivors of the ambush managed to regroup in the following weeks, only 15 of the former 82 men had survived the ambush, and they lacked necessities such as weapons, equipment, ammunition, food and medicine. In addition to this, in both the Cuban and international media, it was widely reported that the rebellion had been crushed and Fidel Castro had been killed.	2.078125
77281764	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larinum	Larinum	In the necropolises of lower Molise, in the Archaic period, burials habitually involved the inhumation of the deceased, in a supine position, in pits dug in the clay layer and filled with limestone chippings. It is likely that these stone mounds outcropped from the ancient ground level, marking the location of the grave. The grave goods, laid at the feet of the buried person in a specially made space, usually consisted of small ceramic objects (cups, amphorae, bowls and mugs); metal vessels were rare. In female burials there are objects of personal adornment (fibulae, necklaces, beads, pendants, rings), in male burials weapons and utensils (iron knives, razors and spear or javelin cusps). Bronze helmets have also been found sporadically, some of the Picenian type, others of the Appulo-Corinthian type, which evidently served to highlight the social rank of the deceased. The grave goods of Frentanian burials from the 6th-5th centuries B.C.E. are usually richer in material than those of the contemporary ones from the inland areas of Samnium. They prove to be mostly uniform in the type of materials deposited. Italic period Larinum urbs princeps Frentanorum reads an ancient tombstone, underscoring the important role played in the past by this flourishing city of lower Molise, which was one of the main centers of the Frentanian territory. According to historian Giovanni Andrea Tria, as the centuries passed, the name underwent numerous changes and was deformed into Alarino, Larina, Laurino, Arino, Lauriano, until it reached the definitive toponym of Larinum in Roman times. According to an ancient tradition, taken up by historian Alberto Magliano, its foundation would most likely date back to around the 12th century B.C. at the hands of the Etruscans, in the course of their immigrations to the fertile plains of Apulia; the city's first name would have been Frenter, as inferred from some coins found in the Larinese countryside.	2.65625
77281764	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larinum	Larinum	As early as the 4th century B.C. dialectal variations had become entirely negligible. Most likely the name "Oscan" was given to the language of the Samnites precisely because the language of the invaders was very similar to that of the Oscans whose lands were invaded. Although it was spoken over such a vast area, no written use of it was made until relatively late, about 350 B.C. when the Samnites came into contact with the more developed culture of the Greeks and Etruscans, and began to regulate their exchanges with the Romans in writing. Ancient sources (literary, epigraphic and numismatic) have handed down both the Oscan form of the name by which the Samnites called themselves and the Greek and Latin form of the name by which other peoples called them. It seems that the Samnites called their own region Safinim and designated themselves by the name Safineis. In Latin the region became Samnium and the inhabitants were called Samnites. In Greek the Samnites were called Σαυνίται and their land was called Σαυνίτις as attested by Polybius (III, 91, 9) and Strabo (V, 4, 3 and 13).	2.59375
77281764	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larinum	Larinum	Probably descended from the same ancient lineage, they show in the cultural sphere many similarities (language, religion, customs), but also differences resulting from the geographical location and morphology of their respective territories. While the Frentanian Samnium faces the Adriatic coast, in contact with populations with a maritime orientation, the Pentrian Samnium is oriented toward the Mainarde and the Matese and is connected with the Campanian side. The former benefits from material conditions that allow it a higher economic development and rapid urbanization, while the latter remains anchored to more archaic forms of production and only after the Social War reached a widespread level of urbanization. While the Pentri, spread over mountainous territory, remain tied to a scattered form of settlement, with a dense network of fortifications on the heights, the Frentani, spread over a flat territory, already in the fourth century B.C. aggregate into urban centers, mostly located on the ancient routes. They would all be equally subdued and eventually their territory would be greatly reduced in size and surrounded on all sides by cities and peoples allied with Rome.	2.5
77281764	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larinum	Larinum	With its ruins, which have always remained partially outcropping, the amphitheater is certainly the most famous ancient monument in Larino; it has always represented the symbol of the city. In recent decades, however, the area has been affected by intensive urbanization, as it is adjacent to the railroad and the state road. The baths In the immediate vicinity of the amphitheater, but still within the current archaeological park, it is possible to admire the remains of the sumptuous baths, rich in polychrome mosaics, with representations of fantastic as well as marine animals, and geometric figures; it is currently possible to visit two baths intended for bathing in hot, warm and cold water (calidarium, tepidarium, frigidarium), the compartment in which water heating was produced by fire (praefurnium), a room with suspensurae (i.e., with the small columns that supported the raised floor in which the hot air passed), a large pillar pertaining to the porticoes, an accurate water drainage system, consisting of a mighty sewer, covered by tiles arranged as a cist. The special feature of this archaeological find is that it still preserves the hypocaust layout, that is, the underground rooms in which the ovens and other service rooms were located. Due protection has been provided for what has been brought to light by installing an appropriate covering structure; in addition, a metal walkway allows the mosaic to be viewed from above without treading on it.	2.078125
77281764	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larinum	Larinum	In 1971, in the course of an excavation, the mosaic known as the Dolphins (m. 6.70 x m. 4.90) was found in Via Tito Livio, near the municipal stadium. Buried, it was unearthed in the summer of 1985, was detached, restored and welded onto movable fiberglass panels. Given its size, the mosaic presumably embellished a prestigious room of considerable size. It has an outer decorative band of waves running to the left and a central band with meandering swastikas alternating with panels with figurative and decorative subjects; in two of them appear a skyphos and an aryballos and in two others dolphins. The figures, despite their small size, are well defined in detail. The mosaic has a conspicuous gap over the entire right half, but among the two-colored ones it is definitely the most elegant and beautifully executed. In 1973, an apsidal mosaic (m. 5.10 x m. 7.00) was discovered near that of the octopus, in the Torre Sant'Anna locality, during test excavations, and was provisionally left in situ, covered by a thick layer of river sand. It was unearthed in 1981, detached and restored. Placed on fiberglass panels, it was relocated in situ on a concrete base. It features a square central field, decorated with geometric motifs, shamrocks and lotus flowers, enclosed in three concentric frames and an apsidal lunette. In 1984, on Morrone Street, during construction work on the municipal kindergarten, in the area adjacent to the Palace of Justice, the so-called Kantharos mosaic (m. 1.45 x m. 2.25) was found, conspicuously damaged during earthworks in the area. The Superintendence verified, through the stratigraphic sequence, the presence of pit tombs excavated in the tuff layer, dating from the Archaic period, and the presence of settlement structures dating from the later Hellenistic-Roman period. The mosaic, in a poor state of preservation, has geometric motifs with octagons and lozenges.	2.15625
77282096	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat%20Naval%20Base	Eilat Naval Base	Red Sea crisis The Red Sea crisis began on 17 October 2023. On 27 October 2023 two loitering munitions were fired by Houthi militants in a northerly direction from the southern Red Sea. According to IDF officials, their target was Israel, but they did not cross the border from Egypt. Of the two drones, one fell short and hit a building adjacent to a hospital in Taba, Egypt, injuring six; the other was shot down near an electricity plant close to the town of Nuweiba, Egypt. A Houthi official later made a one-word post on Twitter after the drone crashed in Taba, mentioning Eilat. On 31 October an alert was triggered in Eilat, Eilot kibbutz and the Shahorit industrial park area regarding the penetration of hostile aircraft from the Red Sea. The aircraft was successfully intercepted over the Red Sea. The Arrow system intercepted a ballistic missile and the Israeli Air Force intercepted several cruise missiles fired from the Red Sea toward Eilat. The Houthis took responsibility for the launches. On 1 November at 00:45 the IDF intercepted an air threat fired from Yemen and identified south of Eilat. On 9 November, the Houthis fired a missile toward the city of Eilat. On 14 November the Houthis fired numerous missiles, one of which was aimed toward the city of Eilat. The missile was intercepted by an Arrow missile according to Israeli officials. On 22 November, the Houthis fired a cruise missile aimed toward the city of Eilat. Israeli officials said the missile was successfully intercepted. On 6 December 2023, the Houthi movement launched several ballistic missiles at Israeli military posts in Eilat including this base. By 21 December, the Port of Eilat, which gives Israel via the Red Sea its only easy shipping access to Asia without the need to transit the Suez Canal, had seen an 85% drop in activity due to the Houthi action. On 2 February 2024, the Houthis claimed that they had fired a ballistic missile towards Eilat. The IDF also said that the Arrow defense system intercepted a missile over the Red Sea.	2.09375
77282190	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20N.%20Good	Kenneth N. Good	Kenneth Newlon Good (November 30, 1930 – January 2, 1963) was a U.S. Army officer who served as an advisor during the Vietnam War. He was killed at the Battle of Ap Bac. He was an assistant professor of military science and University of Hawaii ROTC instructor. He was the third Hawaiian to be killed during the Vietnam War. Life Good was born on November 30, 1930, in Hollywood, California. He attended South Pasadena High School. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1952. He qualified as a paratrooper and was a graduate of the Infantry Officer's Advance Course at Fort Benning. He served with the 7th Infantry Division in Korea from 1958 to 1959, and served in Japan. He arrived in South Vietnam on July 31, 1962, attached to the MAAG. He was killed in action at the battle of Ap Bac to Viet Cong gunfire. He was killed along two other Americans at the battle of Ap Bac: Donald Leon Braman and William Leander Deal. He is buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific. He is honored at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, on Panel 1E, Line 15. Personal life He married his wife, Barbara May Waterhouse, on June 5, 1952. They have three children.	1.90625
77282222	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babyne%2C%20Kakhovka%20Raion	Babyne, Kakhovka Raion	Babyne (Ukrainian: Ба́бине) is a village in Kakhovka Raion, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine. History The Bronze Age settlement of Babyne III was discovered near the village of Babyne in 1956 by Soviet Ukrainian archaeologist Arkady Dobrovolskyi. During the excavations, two dwellings were discovered along with animal and fish bones and flint and bone tools. Dishes with glued rollers were also discovered. Babyne III is one of the most studied settlements for the multi-rolled ceramics. In 1886, 869 people lived in Nizhnyi Rohachyk volost, which was composed of the villages of Nizhnyi Rohachyk, Karaidubina (now Berezhanka), and Ushkalka. Babyne has been occupied by Russian troops since February 24, 2022 in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Demographics The 1989 census of Ukraine reported that 320 people lived in Babyne; 128 men and 192 women. This declined to 240 people by 2001. In the 2001 census, 98.33% of Babyne spoke Ukrainian, and 1.67% spoke Russian. Notable people Konstantyn Sushko - Ukrainian writer and journalist	2.078125
77282358	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerkalnoye%20%28Altai%20Krai%29	Zerkalnoye (Altai Krai)	Zerkalnoye () is a salt lake in Shipunovsky District, Altai Krai, Russian Federation. The lake lies roughly in the middle of the Krai. The nearest town is Zerkaly by the southern lakeshore. Shipunovo, the district capital, lies to the southeast. Geography Zerkalnoye is at the sources of the Barnaulka river. It lies in one of the wide ravines of glacial origin that cut diagonally across the Ob Plateau slanting towards the Ob River. The lake has an elongated shape, stretching roughly from northeast to southwest for over . The bottom of the lake is composed of grey silt in 57% of the total area, and of sand and silt in the remaining part. Lake Gorkoye is located in the same trench to the southwest and Sredneye to the northeast. Gorkoye lies to the northwest and Bolshoye Ostrovnoye to the north. Flora and fauna The ribbon pine forest characteristic of the Ob Plateau grows in places close to the lake. Reeds and bulrushes are found in certain sections of the lakeshore and submerged aquatic plants grow further off the shore. Regarding the fauna of the lake, the larvae of lake flies and mayflies, amphipods, water bugs, ramshorn snails and bivalves deserve mention.	2.109375
77282573	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey%20of%20Notre-Dame%20de%20La%20Couronne	Abbey of Notre-Dame de La Couronne	Local tradition holds that Isabelle d'Angoulême was buried in the abbey, near her father and one of her sons, Vulgrin, who died young. Her body was then exhumed and transported to Fontevraud Abbey's Cimetière des Rois by her son Henry III, King of England. La Couronne Abbey possibly received a portion of his viscera or heart, as was customary at the time, which would explain this tradition. It is also possible that there was some confusion with Isabelle, his sister-in-law, who was a nun at Fontevraud. However, the most recent research by Nicholas Vincent, a British historian specializing in the Plantagenets, suggests that Isabelle retired to Fontevraud Abbey, where she died and was buried in 1246. The Hundred Years' War signaled the beginning of the abbey's decline. By the middle of the 14th century, the buildings were deemed disrepair. By 1427, only five monks remained. In 1450, the west and nave vaults and the bell tower collapsed. In 1500, Abbé Achard initiated the reconstruction of the abbey dwelling. Restoration of the church commenced in the early 16th century under the direction of Abbé Jean Calluau. The rebuilding was partial, involving only six of the nave's bays. Architecture	2.15625
77282741	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Agency%20for%20Statistics%2C%20Demographic%20and%20Economic%20Analysis	National Agency for Statistics, Demographic and Economic Analysis	The National Agency for Statistics, Demographic and Economic Analysis (, ), abbreviated ANSADE, is the national statistics service of Mauritania, dependant on the Minister of Economy and Sustainable Development. The agency, structured as an établissement public à caractère administratif, was created on 10 February 2021 through the merger of the former (ONS) and the Mauritanian Center for Policy Analysis, created with the intention of both improving the work of the former ONS and centralising data analysis conducted by other agencies into a single establishment. The agency is responsible for establishing an integrated national system for collecting, processing, analysing and disseminating economic, demographic, social and environmental statistics, using either censuses, surveys or documents from the public or private sector. The agency has been headed since its creation by Mohamed Moctar Ould Ahmed Sidi as Director General, who was the Director of the disestablished ONS. His Deputy Director General is Ba Omar. ANSADE is a member of the (AFRISTAT). Purpose According to the decree creating the agency, ANSADE is in charge of the following:	2.15625
77283200	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBVZ-6	RBVZ-6	The RBVZ-6 (Russian: РБВЗ-6) was a WW1 era inline-six aircraft engine first built by the Russo-Baltic Wagon Factory (RBVZ) at their workshop in Riga with production later moving to Petrograd and then to Moscow. The engine was based on the Benz Bz.III with modifications to suit the materials and manufacturing techniques available in the Russian Empire. The changes resulted in the RBVZ-6 being heavier and less powerful than the German original. RBVZ-6 engines powered several variants of the Sikorsky Ilya Muromets aircraft where they proved highly reliable. RBVZ-6 engines remained in service with the Ilya Muromets fleet until 1922 by which time the model had been redesignated as the M-1 under the Soviet's aircraft engine numbering system. Design and development Before World War One, RBVZ was a large engineering company with factories in Riga and Petrograd. RBVZ's products included Russobalt cars and the Sikorsky Ilya Muromets aircraft. Engines for cars and trucks were made at RBVZ's factory in Riga. In the autumn of 1914, RBVZ's director M.V. Shidlovsky announced a competition to create an engine for the Ilya Muromets aircraft. The new engine was to replace the German-built Argus 140 hp which was no longer available to RBVZ following the outbreak of hostilities between the German and Russian empires. Two groups from RBVZ took part in the competition. V.V. Kireev led the first group, located in Riga. A second group, located in Petrograd, reported to Igor Sikorsky.	1.976563
77283911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Chania%20%281645%29	Siege of Chania (1645)	The siege of Chania happened during the initial stages of Cretan War (1645–1669). The Ottomans besieged the Venetian-held city of Chania, and after 56 days of siege, the Ottomans captured the city. Background The Ottoman armada set sail from Istanbul on 30 April 1645. Led by Silahdar Yusuf Pasha, the armada had 416 ships, including ships rented from Dutch and English, and reportedly 50,000 men, including 7,000 janissaries. The Ottoman armada stopped at the Venetian island of Tinos for watering and supplies, they sailed and stopped at Navarino for three weeks. The Venetians thought the Ottomans were heading for Malta. The Tripolitan and Tunisian fleets joined the Ottomans. Yusuf then revealed the true campaign target to his men, Crete. The Ottomans set sail on June 21 and arrived two days later in the bay of Chania, beginning the war for Crete. The Ottomans achieved their first victory by capturing the island of Agioi Theodoroi. The island was defended by Blasio Zulian and 30 men with poor cannons. The small Venetian garrison sunk 2 Ottoman ships. Blasio then set up mines on the fort, blowing himself up, his men, and the fortress to pieces, allowing the Ottomans to capture the fort.	2.671875
77284136	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1738%20Dangjiang%20earthquake	1738 Dangjiang earthquake	On 23 December 1738 the province of Qinghai was struck by an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.6 . It ruptured the westernmost part of the Xianshuihe fault system, the Dangjiang segment. It led to 261–500 deaths. Tectonic setting Qinghai lies within the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, which is a result of the ongoing collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This huge area of thickened crust is spreading eastwards. The plateau is divided into several blocks bounded by large WNW-ESE trending left lateral strike-slip fault zones. The Xianshuihe fault system separates the Bayan Har block to the north from the Quiangtang Block to the south. The western part of the overall fault system has three main segments, from the west the Dangjiang, Yushu and Ganzi faults. The estimated slip rate on the Dangjiang segment is about 6–7 mm per year. Earthquake The magnitude of this earthquake has been calculated from observations of surface rupture and estimates of co-seismic (during the earthquake) slip. A total of about 100 km of rupture have been mapped on the Dangjiang fault segment. A maximum left-lateral offset of 3.3 m has been measured and an average offset of 2.2 m. These measurements have been used to calculate a magnitude of 7.6. Impact Estimates of casualties for this event vary. Sources mention death tolls of 261, 336 and 500. Future seismic hazard The Dangjian segment shows evidence of several previous ruptures. The lack of seismic activity on this fault since 1738 means that sufficient slip has occurred to generate an earthquake of 7.3.	2.484375
77284388	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maid%20Lena%20%28Danish%20fairy%20tale%29	Maid Lena (Danish fairy tale)	Danish historian Christian Molbech collected another Danish variant titled Den nedtraadte Ager ("The Untrod Field"). In this tale, a farmer has three sons, the two elders help in the fields, while the youngest, Esben, is of a quiet demeanor. The farmer sows all his fields, except one that is always destroyed on St. Hans Night. The farmer's elder sons promise to keep watch on their fields for the next years, the elder in the first year and the middle son in the second. The elder sits on a rock near an old tree. He falls asleep, but at midnight he hears a thundering roar, and rushes home. His younger brother also fails in the same manner. When it is Esben's turn in the third year, he sees three flying women coming to the field, taking off their pairs of wings and dancing on the field. Esben sees the beautiful maidens and hides their wings under the rock. The maidens finish dancing and look for the wings. Esben promises to return them, if one of them stays with him and becomes his wife. The maidens try to bargain for the wings with a hidden stash of money under the rock, which Esben accepts, but still wants to marry one of them. The first maiden explains she is a princess and the other her servants, and they lived on castle that stood on that meadow; a witch took them to a land where they never grow old; the witch gives her wings to fly to their former home, but they need the wings back. Esben repeats his proposal and the princess accepts, promising to return in three months, but she warns him not to invite the local king's son. Then they depart. Esben shows his brothers the money. They become rich and prepare the upcoming wedding. Three months pass, and Esben awaits for his bride: a magnificent carriage brings her. He goes to greet her, and mentions that the king's son is also present. The princess hesitates to join the festivities, and asks him to find her "south of the sun, east of the moon and westward to all the winds", then rides off. Esben begins a quest for her	2.328125

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