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74330311
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20Englund
|
August Englund
|
Carmel's Police Department began with the incorporation of the village of Carmel in the autumn of 1916. Englund was appointed as the city marshal and tax collector by the Carmel city trustees. Englund patrolled the streets of Carmel alone on horseback ensuring that chickens stayed off Ocean Avenue. He had other duties such as locating missing children and assisting with starting reluctant stoves. Additionally, it was his duty to post official notices around town. He reportedly served as "police chief, police captain, detective lieutenant, desk sargent, corporal, patrolman, jailor and mounted detachment, all at once." A journalist from Detroit wrote in 1930 that Englund was "perhaps one of the best known policemen in the west." He served as chief of police in Monterey until 1933.
In January 1935, Englund slipped and fell on the rocky shores of Monterey Bay. He was leading the search for a dead body in Carmel Point, who had drowned at the water's edge at Cooke's Cove in Carmel Bay. The fall resulted in a severe foot injury, and infection set in a few days later. Englund was admitted to the San Francisco Veterans Hospital, where his leg was amputated to stop the spreading infection. Despite this the infection persisted. He resigned as police chief of Carmel on 29 January as a result.
Death
On November 2, 1935, Englund died at the age of 66, at the San Francisco Veterans Hospital.
| 1.984375
| 0
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74330333
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World%20War%20II%20Romanian%20war%20crime%20trials
|
Post–World War II Romanian war crime trials
|
Romania ranks first among Holocaust perpetrator countries other than Nazi Germany. The Romanian Holocaust was outside the control of the Nazis. Its beginning did not require Nazi intervention, Romania being the only ally of the Third Reich that carried out its genocidal campaign without the intervention of Heinrich Himmler's SS. The "wholesale slaughter of Jews" in Romanian-occupied Soviet territories was "a genocide operationally separate from the Nazi Final Solution". It was by far the greatest extermination of Jews by non-German forces. Romania also rejected Nazi designs on its Jews, ultimately declining to deport Romanian Jews to the Belzec concentration camp. Nevertheless, between 280,000 and 380,000 Jews died in Romanian-controlled territories. Romania even took the lead in the Holocaust for the first weeks of Operation Barbarossa. This was acknowledged by Adolf Hitler on 19 August 1941: "As far as the Jewish Question is concerned, it can now be stated with certainty that a man like Antonescu is pursuing much more radical policies in this area than we have so far.". The regime of Ion Antonescu had been killing Jewish women and children, clearing entire Jewish communities, while Nazi Germany was still massacring only Jewish men. Romania was the only country other than Germany itself that "implemented all the steps of the destruction process, from definitions to killings".
The trials
"People's Tribunals"
| 2.375
| 0
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74330343
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein%20Ruhr%20Express
|
Rhein Ruhr Express
|
Rolling stock
In contrast to most regional rail systems in Germany, the state of NRW tendered the trains to be used separately from the operator. The vehicles were then leased for 15 years to the chosen operator. This enabled more competition, as the different operators didn't need to invest into the rolling stock on their own. After a study conducted in 2011 showed that double deck trains were suitable to be used and even preferable to single deck variants due to their higher capacity and being shorter, these were selected for operation on the network. The other requirements were a top speed of at least , a minimum acceleration of 1.0 m/s², multiple-unit support, being bi-directional, the standard door height of and an existing license by the regulators. There were three bidders for the contract, which the Siemens Desiro HC won. Subsequently, 84 trains of the type were manufactured and delivered from 2018 to 2020 for 800 million Euro. While earlier sources mention 82 trains being built, more recent ones state 84. The contract also includes maintenance of the trains for 32 years raising the total volume to 1.7 billion Euro.
| 2.078125
| 0
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74330477
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst-Ludwig%20Petrowsky
|
Ernst-Ludwig Petrowsky
|
Ernst-Ludwig Petrowsky (10 December 1933 – 10 July 2023), often called Luten Petrowsky, was a German jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, flautist, composer and author. He is considered the father of free jazz in East Germany (GDR). He was one of few jazz musicians permitted to play in the West already in the 1960s. Petrowsky played in the 1973 quartet recording Just for fun, the first of jazz musicians from both East and West. He took part in more than a hundred recordings between 1963 and 2016, with groups such as Synopsis and Zentralquartett, and with his singer wife, Uschi Brüning.
Life and career
Petrowsky was born in Güstrow on 10 December 1933. He attended school with Uwe Johnson, later to become a novelist. He received violin lessons for six years. As a jazz musician he was self-taught, having listened to records. He began studies of music pedagogy at the Musikhochschule Weimar in 1956 but dropped out. From 1957 he played in various bands. He became a founding member of the Manfred Ludwig Sextet in 1964, which was important for GDR jazz, playing with Joachim Kühn, Dorothy Ellison and Ruth Hohmann, among others. On 13 June 1968, Petrowsky participated in the Montreux Jazz Festival together with the Studio IV jazz ensemble, the first band in the GDR playing jazz regularly. In 1971 he founded the jazz-rock band SOK with and in 1973 was one of the founders of the free jazz formation Synopsis. Since 1972 he worked in various formations with the bassist Klaus Koch.
| 2.5
| 0
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74330633
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaleria%20gayi
|
Phaleria gayi
|
Phaleria gayi is a psammophile, detrivore species of darkling beetles belonging to the family Tenebrionidae found on the Pacific coast of South America.
Description
Phaleria gayi can reach a length of . Coloration tends to vary between different specimen, ranging from a yellowish brown to a more uniform dark brown across the body. There also tends to be a darker, symmetrical fuscous marking on the elytra of the beetle, sometimes occupying a large percentage of the posterior half of the respective elytron. Like other members of genus Phaleria, Phaleria gayi occupies coastal regions, primarily living in sandy beaches.
On beaches, these beetles are commonly found burrowing underneath algae that have washed ashore. Like other members of its genus, P. gayi has been observed to exhibit detrivity.
Distribution and habitat
This species has been reported to occupy the Pacific coast of South America, from Central Chile to Ecuador. P. gayi is only found on beaches with ample access to algae, or other types of vegetative detritus like fruit, and beaches that allow for organisms of the species to burrow into the sand.
In Chile, scorpions of the genus Brachistosternus feed on the larvae of P. gayi.
| 2.109375
| 0
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74331721
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen%20Fichthorn
|
Kristen Fichthorn
|
Kristen A. Fichthorn is an American chemical engineer and condensed matter physicist
whose research involves computational simulation, multiscale modeling, and molecular dynamics of interfaces, thin films, colloids, catalysis, nanostructures, and other material processes. She is the Merrell Fenske Professor of Chemical Engineering and Professor of Physics at Pennsylvania State University.
Early life and education
Fichthorn has a 1985 bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania, and completed her Ph.D. in chemical engineering in 1989 at the University of Michigan.
After a year of postdoctoral research at the University of California, Santa Barbara, supported by IBM, Fichthorn joined the Pennsylvania State University faculty as an assistant professor in 1990.
Since 1986, Fichthorn has authored or co-authored 292 articles and papers on interfaces and surfaces.
Career and research
Fichthorn's research focus on applying atomistic simulation techniques, such as Monte Carlo methods and molecular dynamics, quantum mechanics, and condensed-matter theory to study materials interfaces.
Fichthorn's research interest include:
Computational Materials and Nanomaterials
Multi-scale materials simulation
Quantum density functional theory
Molecular dynamics
Monte Carlo analysis
Thin film and crystal growth
Liquid-solid interfaces
Publications
| 2.203125
| 0
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74331864
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwiki%20%28Wikipedia%20fork%29
|
Ruwiki (Wikipedia fork)
|
Ruwiki () is a Russian online encyclopedia. It was launched in June 24, 2023 as a fork of the Russian Wikipedia, and has been described by media as "Putin-friendly" and "Kremlin-compliant". A full-scale launch took place on 15 January 2024.
The project is led by Vladimir Medeyko, who was formerly involved with the Russian Wikipedia project and a director of Wikimedia Russia. Medeyko reportedly created the project as an alternative to the Russian Wikipedia, which would be more friendly to the Russian government.
The words "" and its English version, "ruwiki", have long been used to refer to Russian Wikipedia among Wikipedians.
History
On 24 May 2023, long-time Wikimedia RU director Vladimir Medeyko announced Ruwiki as a Russian fork of Wikipedia on the Russian technology website Habr. The Russian politician Anton Gorelkin stated that the new "ruviki" website would be hosted on Russian servers and managed by a Russian organization. Medeyko has stated that Ruwiki will follow Russian laws, but is independent of the Russian government.
Russian Wikipedia contributors were shocked that Medeyko left the project he had been involved in since 2003, and were even more stunned when he said that his reason for leaving was to create a competitor to Wikipedia for the benefit of the government of Russia. The project's name, Ruwiki, is widely used by contributors to Russian Wikipedia and other Wikimedia Foundation projects to refer to Russian Wikipedia itself, which has drawn criticism from Wikipedians.
In late May 2023, Stanislav Kozlovsky, then executive director of Wikimedia RU, stated that "anyone can take Wikipedia content and use it, it's perfectly normal. It's not normal to use the authority of the director of Wikimedia RU for this purpose and to do it in secret for several years".
On August 21, 2023, without further announcement, user registration was opened for everyone on Ruwiki.
At the end of November 2023, five new editions of Ruwiki were added: Bashkir, Mari, Sakha, Tatar and Chechen.
| 1.976563
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74331988
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marideth%20Sisco
|
Marideth Sisco
|
Marideth Ann Sisco (born June 15, 1943) is an American storyteller, folklorist, singer-songwriter, author and retired journalist. Her work largely focuses on folklore related to her native Ozark Mountains. Sisco and her music were featured in the Oscar-nominated film Winter's Bone. In 2023 she was a featured artist at the 2023 Smithsonian Folklife Festival, where she performed both in song and as a storyteller.
Early life
Sisco was born in Missouri to Marguerite Elenor (Gentry) Sisco (1920–1966) and Paul Holtz Sisco (1923–1966). Her interest in music started when she was three and a great uncle taught and encouraged her to sing. Her family moved frequently when she was young, including time spent in Kansas, Washington state, Montana and California. As she grew older she became tired of moving around and returned to live with her grandmother in Butterfield, graduating from high school in Cassville, Missouri in 1961.
After high school, Sisco attended Missouri State University (then known as Southwest Missouri State College) in Springfield, Missouri, where she studied performance and orchestration. But she left before finishing a degree after being told that as a woman she would not be successful in the field and was instead encouraged to switch to music education.
In 1965, Sisco left the Ozarks and moved to California, where she hoped to break into the music business as a singer, but lack of success and a hand injury that left her unable to play guitar derailed that goal. In 1976 she left California, helping her aunt and ailing uncle return to Missouri, but with the intention of moving back west, which she never did.
Career
After returning to Missouri, Sisco received a BFA from Missouri State University and later an MA from Antioch University. She also began a 20-year career as a journalist at the West Plains Quill in West Plains, Missouri, where she worked as an investigative and environmental writer. She also authored the "Crosspatch" gardening column.
| 1.90625
| 0
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74332270
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejan%20Ili%C4%87%20%28scientist%29
|
Dejan Ilić (scientist)
|
Dejan Ilić (; born 27 July 1957) is a Serbian scientist, inventor, academic, and politician. For many years, he was a prominent technological innovator in Germany. He served in the Serbian national assembly from 2022 to 2024 as a non-party delegate endorsed by the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS).
Early life and private career
Ilić was born in the village of Selevac in the municipality of Smederevska Palanka, in what was then the People's Republic of Serbia in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. He played for the Yugoslavia men's national volleyball team in his youth and studied physical chemistry at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Science and Mathematics, graduating in the French city of Meudon in 1982.
Ilić's volleyball career led him to move to Dresden, then part of the German Democratic Republic, in the early 1980s. He took doctoral studies at TU Dresden and did well in all fields except an obligatory course in Marxism-Leninism; to avoid this requirement, he transferred to the faculty of physical chemistry at Leipzig University. One of his classmates in Leipzig was Angela Merkel, who became a lifelong friend.
After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, Ilić moved to Ellwangen in the Federal Republic of Germany to work as a scientist-researcher for VARTA. He developed a production line for microbatteries in 1996, making the company a world leader in the field. This technology was vital in the development of iPods, iPhones, and related products, and Ilić's involvement with microbatteries led to his becoming a friend of Steve Jobs.
| 2.0625
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74332287
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammy%20Fabelman
|
Sammy Fabelman
|
Samuel "Sammy" Fabelman is a fictional character and the main protagonist of Steven Spielberg's 2022 semi-autobiographical film The Fabelmans, which Spielberg co-wrote with Tony Kushner. A young American Jewish teenage boy who aspires to become a filmmaker, he is loosely based on Spielberg himself and was portrayed in the film by Gabriel LaBelle, who won the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer for his performance, while Mateo Zoryan Francis-DeFord portrayed the character as a child.
Character overview
Sammy is the eldest son of the Fabelman family, which makes up of his mother Mitzi (Michelle Williams), father Burt (Paul Dano), and younger sisters Reggie (Julia Butters), Natalie (Keeley Karsten) and Lisa (Sophia Kopera). His grandmothers Hadassah Fabelman (Jeannie Berlin) and Tina Schildkraut (Robin Bartlett), usually visit the family for small dinners and special occasions. Like Spielberg, it is his first outing to the cinema in January 1952, when his parents took him at age 7 to see Cecil B. DeMille's The Greatest Show on Earth, where he discovers his passion and love of movies. This leads him to recreate the film's famous train wreck sequence with his model toy train set which he gets for Hanukkah that same year, and with that starts making films of his own as he grows up. Throughout the film, Sammy and his family move to different locations as a result of Burt receiving new jobs as a computer engineer, taking them from their hometown of Haddon Township, New Jersey to Phoenix, Arizona and finally, to Saratoga, California.
| 2.328125
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74332287
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammy%20Fabelman
|
Sammy Fabelman
|
Characterization and portrayal
Eric Langberg of /Film described Sammy as sympathetic, widely creative and one who strives to work his way from the ground up as a young filmmaker to achieve his aspirations. Kole Lyndon Lee of ScreenCraft and Ronald Meyer of Collider noted the character's passion for filmmaking as his own way to escape his personal struggles at home and at school as similar to the on-screen depiction of con artist Frank Abagnale's use of his actions to escape his own reality following his own parents' break-up in Spielberg's Catch Me If You Can (2002), reflecting the possible reasons why Spielberg may have been drawn to make that film. Zachary Moser of Screen Rant viewed the character as "filled with optimism and ambition" and that while he is the main protagonist, he appears passive during certain key scenes of the film. He added that having Sammy appear this way allowed the character's perspective to create a unique viewpoint on what happens to his family and those around him as the plot progresses.
To look the part, LaBelle had his own hair cut and straightened, and attempted to copy Spielberg's own walk, hand movements and how he smiled to make the character look more like his inspiration while keeping him fresh and new. He also learned how to film with the 8mm and 16mm camera props, which had real film inside them, on set, as well as how to cut and splice film stock using the film editing machines and projectors of the 1950s and 60s.
| 2.171875
| 0
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74332523
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamborghini%20SC63
|
Lamborghini SC63
|
The Lamborghini SC63 is an LMDh sports prototype racing car designed by Lamborghini and built by Ligier to compete in the Hypercar and GTP (Grand Touring Prototype) classes in the FIA World Endurance Championship and IMSA SportsCar Championship, respectively.
Background
On 17 May 2022, Lamborghini formally announced an entry into both the World Endurance Championship and the IMSA SportsCar Championship starting from the 2024 season, using a car designed to the LMDh regulations. One month later, during the 2022 Le Mans press conference, it was confirmed that Lamborghini would work with Ligier as their chassis supplier, making Lamborghini the first manufacturer in the LMDh ruleset to select Ligier as their partner.
Further details about the prototype emerged in September 2022, with Lamborghini announcing that it will be utilizing a hybrid powertrain, consisting of an 90° V8 twin-turbo internal combustion engine and standardized hybrid drivetrain components provided by Williams Advanced Engineering, Bosch and Xtrac, for maximum possible combined output of 671 hp (500 KW). In November 2022 it was announced that Iron Lynx would be responsible for running the factory effort in both the WEC and IMSA.
The partnership would begin with factory-supported GT3 programs in the 2023 IMSA SportsCar Championship and the 2023 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup, which would expand into dual efforts in the 2024 FIA World Endurance Championship and the 2024 IMSA SportsCar Championship. Lamborghini's Head of Motorsport, Giorgio Sanna, said that the manufacturer would be aiming to run a single car in the 2024 editions of the WEC and IMSA, with a double-entry planned for the 2024 24 Hours of Le Mans,
| 1.921875
| 0
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74332551
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexe%20Procopovici
|
Alexe Procopovici
|
From 1922 to 1938, Procopovici was a full professor at Cernăuți University, serving as dean in 1924–1925. In 1927, he became an adviser to the Education Ministry on secondary schools in Bukovina. In 1933, he was elected to the Assembly of Deputies, where he represented Câmpulung Moldovenesc for the National Liberal Party–Brătianu. He founded Revista filologică (1927-1928). He contributed to Dacoromania, Arhiva (Bucharest) and Făt-Frumos (Cernăuți) magazines. He transferred to Cluj University in 1938, and in 1940 took over Pușcariu's professorship and his leadership of the Museum of the Romanian Language. From February to June 1941, he was acting rector of the university. This occurred after Pușcariu was fired due to his Iron Guard affiliation (in the wake of a failed rebellion by the organization) and before Iuliu Hațieganu was appointed on a permanent basis. At the time, the university was temporarily located in Sibiu due to the Second Vienna Award. His studies focused on early writings in Romanian and on old Romanian literature. He contributed to the academy's encyclopedic dictionary. He edited old texts such as Coresi’s sermon (1914) or Ion Neculce’s chronicle (1932). Arrested after the Romanian Communist Party came to power in 1945, he was held at the Târgu Jiu internment camp, where he became seriously ill. Once released, he returned to teaching; his final course was on the philosophy of the phrase. He died in Cluj. He was a knight of the Order of Michael the Brave.
| 2.15625
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74333296
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occult%20America
|
Occult America
|
The second chapter focuses on elements of American occultism less associated with Christianity, such as Theosophy and Western Buddhism. Horowitz particularly focuses on Spiritualism's focus on communication with the dead and its popularity during the American Civil War; the popularity of mediums soared during the Civil War, as the families of deceased soldiers sought the possibility of reconnecting with their lost relatives. He describes the example of Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln, whose interests in Spiritualism were spurred by the death of their son William Wallace Lincoln in 1862 at the age of eleven. Though Mary Todd Lincoln's interest in Spiritualism was well-covered by contemporary and later sources, often to discredit her alongside discussion of her mental health, Horowitz suggests Abraham Lincoln may have been similarly interested in the phenomenon; he analyses contemporary reports of séances in the White House and the 1891 publication Was Abraham Lincoln a Spiritualist?, controversial memoir of the medium .
Following this general overview, Horowitz focuses on Ouija boards, a Spiritualist invention that became part of mainstream popular culture in the twentieth century. He discusses myths surrounding their origins, such as the idea they trace back to classical figures such as Pythagoras. Horowitz covers the origins of the Ouija board in the mid-nineteenth century; its later commercialization by William Fuld, a Presbyterian businessman who openly disclaimed the object's supernaturalism; and its influence on popular culture, such as its inspiration of the Pulitzer-winning epic poem The Changing Light at Sandover. The book then moves to cover movements, such as Christian Science and New Thought, that focus on the concept of manifestation. Horowitz presents this as a uniquely American-origin form of esotericism, juxtaposed with earlier movements with greater European influence, and chronicles its rise in popularity.
| 2.421875
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74333441
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Carolina%20Line
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East Carolina Line
|
The Seaboard Air Line Railroad's East Carolina Line (H Line) was the unofficial name of their line running from Hamlet, North Carolina through eastern South Carolina to Savannah, Georgia. Officially designated on Seaboard employee timetables as the Andrews Subdivision from Hamlet to Andrews, South Carolina, and the Charleston Subdivision from Andrews south, the line was known as the East Carolina Line by Seaboard employees due to its location in eastern South Carolina. With connections to the Seaboard's main line at both ends, the East Carolina Line was frequently used as an alternative freight route for the company.
The line is still in service between Hamlet and Charleston as the Andrews Subdivision today and it is operated by Seaboard successor, CSX Transportation.
Route description
The East Carolina Line began in Hamlet, North Carolina at East Junction, where it split from the company's Wilmington Subdivision. East Junction was located just east of the Seaboard's major junction with its main line at Hamlet station.
From East Junction, the East Carolina Line ran southeast into South Carolina, passing through Dillon, Mullins, and Andrews before reaching Charleston.
Beyond Charleston, it continued southwest through the coastal marshes of the South Carolina Lowcountry and passing through Lobeco, Levy, and into Georgia. In Georgia, it entered Savannah via Hutchinson Island and reconnected with their main line at Bridge Junction in Savannah.
History
1884-1915: Formation and early years
The East Carolina Line from Hamlet to Charleston was built by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad's predecessor companies. The first segment to be built was from Hamlet to Gibson, North Carolina which was built in 1884 by the Raleigh and Augusta Air Line Railroad. The Raleigh and Augusta Air Line Railroad became part of the Seaboard Air Line Railway (later known as the Seaboard Air Line Railroad) in 1901.
| 2.015625
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74334495
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Thiele
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Arthur Thiele
|
Carl Robert Arthur Thiele (2 November 1860 – 18 June 1936) was a German painter, illustrator, draftsman, postcard designer, and watercolourist.
Early life
Thiele was born in Leipzig, the son of Carl Gotthelf Thiele (1813–1885), an instrument maker, and his wife Friederike Wilhelmine Flügel (1817–1874) and grew up and studied art there.
Work
Thiele designed album illustrations for the Cologne chocolate producer Ludwig Stollwerck, such as the Joke series for the Stollwerck album no. 13 of 1912.
Thiele's younger son Emil Max Fritz Thiele wrote in 1969:
"All his life, with a few exceptions, he was doing bread and butter work, which, however, gave him great satisfaction... sheet music, diplomas, postcards, book illustrations, designs for paper lanterns, school primers, children's books, jokes, and much more.
The postcard played a major role in Thiele's work. Among other subjects, he specialized in humanized animals, especially dachshunds and cats, and among fellow illustrators he was known as 'Dachshund-Thiele' or 'Katzen-Thiele'.
Personal life
In 1886 Thiele married Lena Anna Louise Fischer (1861–1944). They had two sons: Carl Arthur Walter (born 1889), who became a painter, graphic artist, and lecturer at the Leipzig Academy of Art, and Emil Max Fritz (1899–1971).
Commemoration
A street in Leipzig, Arthur-Thiele-Weg, is named after Thiele.
| 2.25
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74334500
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Bramley-Moore
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William Bramley-Moore
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William Joseph Bramley-Moore (1831–1918) was an English priest of the Church of England and author. He is known for his historical novel The Six Sisters of the Valleys (1864), set in Piedmont in 1665, with a strong anti-Catholic tone.
Life
He was the eldest son of John Bramley-Moore and his wife Seraphina Pennell, who married in 1830 in Rio de Janeiro and moved in 1833 to Liverpool where John Moore (as he was then) was a merchant. His family background was described by Nathaniel Hawthorne, invited in 1854 by John Bramley-Moore to a dinner at Aigburth, to meet the novelist Samuel Warren. He described the parents as "violent tories, fanatics for the Established Church" and followers of the evangelical Hugh M'Neile (heard as McMill by Hawthorne), the "present Low-Church Pope of Liverpool". Conversation was against the Tractarians and Roman Catholic influence, and with more talk about money from John than Hawthorne was used to with the English upper classes. In Seraphina he found a Calvinist of a familiar type, "outrageously religious" as well as vulgar.
Bramley-Moore was educated at Eton College. He matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1849, graduating B.A. in 1853 and M.A. in 1857. He was ordained deacon in 1855, becoming curate at Brenchley for a year. He was ordained priest in 1856. He was travelling in Italy in 1857 when he and his companion were attacked, the companion dying of wounds. He was vicar of Gerrard's Cross from 1860 to 1869. From 1863 his father bought and improved nearby property.
Crockford's Clerical Directory for 1872 showed no further living taken by Bramley-Moore after 1869, his replacement at Gerrard's Cross being William Addington Bathurst (1839–1922). In later life he lived in London, at 19 Woburn Square and then at 26 Russell Square. William Hechler gave a talk on biblical chronology at 26 Russell Square in 1892.
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74334500
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Bramley-Moore
|
William Bramley-Moore
|
Works
Bramley-Moore's single literary work was The Six Sisters of the Valley, a three-volume novel published 1864, and set in the period of the Savoyard–Waldensian wars. The plot is based on the story recorded by the Waldensian pastor Jean Léger, and commented on by Alexis Muston, of six brothers who married six sisters and brought up a large family group, who suffered religious persecution. The reviewer in the Illustrated London News, conceding the historicity of the material, objected to the treatment: "Horror is piled upon horror". Bramley-Moore had visited the area on his 1857 tour in Italy.
The First Sabbath at Gerrard's Cross, and Other Memorials (1859). St James Church, Gerrards Cross was a new church, consecrated in 1859, and dedicated to the memory of George Alexander Reid. It was built on land at Fulmer Common given by the Duke of Somerset, to a design by William Tite, a friend of the Reid family who funded the work. Appointment to the living was by the Simeon Trust.
The Great Oblation (1864), theology.
“They have done what they could" (1866), on the South American Mission Society.
The Seven Cries from Calvary (1867)
Hymns for the Feasts: And Other Verses (1878)
Marturia : or the testimony of ancient records and monuments in the British Museum to the historical accuracy of Holy Scripture (2nd edition 1901).
The Church's Forgotten Hope (1905)
Ancient Tyre and Modern England (1906)
The Cherubim of Glory (1917)
He was the editor for Cassell of The Book of Martyrs, revised, which ran to a number of editions from 1866. This was a derived work, illustrated by engravings, based on Foxe's Book of Martyrs, from the 16th century. It was brought up to date with the 1866 killings at Barletta in southern Italy of the pastor Gaetano Giannini and five others in anti-Protestant riots. The engravings were by William Luson Thomas.
| 2.4375
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74334700
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessie%20Allen%20Fowler
|
Jessie Allen Fowler
|
Jessie Fowler (1856–1932) was an American campaigner for temperance and a phrenologist. She was the honorary secretary of the British Women's Temperance Association. She made short animated films and published her claims about predicting the future and the character of criminals.
Life
Fowler was one of the three daughters of the physician Lydia Folger Fowler and the leading phrenologist Professor Lorenzo Niles Fowler She was born in New York on 11 July 1856.
Her father and her mother were both writers and advocates for Temperance and her mother was elected as the honorary secretary of the British Women's Temperance Association in 1879 which is now known as the White Ribbon Association. In February 1884 the National Temperance Federation (NTF) organised a meeting at Exeter Hall in London. Fowler and Jane Aukland were both sent as delegates. They successfully recommended that the British Women's Temperance Association should become an NTF affiliate.
In January 1888 she was in Melbourne on a professional visit addressing people at the Melbourne Athenaeum. She was offering lectures and phrenological consultations.
Her father had a stroke and in 1896 she and her father returned to America where Jessie started to manage the Phrenological Journal
Her father soon had another stroke and he died in New Jersey at his sister's house. In 1898 Jessie was writing about phrenology and “the world’s races”.
His sister was Charlotte Fowler Wells who died in 1901 when Jessie was taking a one-year course at New York University called “Women’s Law”. The company of Fowler and Wells now belonged to her. Two years later she was writing her claims about how phrenology could help you predict the future.
In 1908 she compared the head of a murderer with that of Belle Gunness. Gunness was a serial killer whose crimes were only discovered after her headless body was found after a fire.
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74334769
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Yunsik
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Kim Yunsik
|
Kim Yunsik ( ; Hanja: 金允植; 1936–2018) was a South Korean professor, literary critic, and writer. He taught Korean literature at Seoul National University from 1968 to 2001. He wrote more than 200 books on Korean literature, including A Research on History of Modern Korean Literary Criticism (한국근대문예비평사연구, 1973),Yi Gwangsu and His Age I-III (이광수와 그의 시대 1–3, 1986), and Kim Yunsik’s Notes on Criticism (김윤식의 비평수첩, 2004). With regard to Kim Yunsik's many achievements, young Korean literature scholars say the following: "It is totally impossible to evade Kim Yunsik’s shadow".
Life
Professor Kim Yunsik was born in Jinyeong-eup, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea on August 10, 1936. He was born into a farmer's family and had three elder sisters. He studied Korean language and literature at Seoul National University and earned his master's and doctoral degrees there between 1960 and 1976. He also studied at Tokyo University in 1970. In 1978, he was a visiting professor at the University of Iowa. In 1980, he was a visiting researcher in the department of comparative literature at Tokyo University. Since his debut as a literary critic in 1962, he continued to write monthly reviews on recent novels, which were published by literary magazines for more than three decades. He passed away due to a chronic illness at the age of 82 in 2018.
Career
Ever since his first publication, The Night Sea (밤바다, 1964), he has published 148 books, 41 co-authored books, 6 translations of foreign texts, and 9 coursebooks. Kim Yunsik's works encompassing a wide range of genres like scholarly work, criticism, prose, and translation, are categorized into the following four main categories: (i) on-site criticism, (ii) author criticism, (iii) studies in literary history and thoughts, and (iv) travelogues, art philosophy, and autobiographical writings.
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74335657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisle%20Alderton
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Lisle Alderton
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George Edwin Lisle Alderton (11 January 1888 – 20 August 1969) was a New Zealand naval officer and diplomat. He served as the New Zealand High Commissioner to Australia from 1950 to 1958.
Biography
Alderton was born in 1888 at Whangārei, the son of George Alderton. He was educated at Whangarei High School and Auckland Grammar School. He was also a provincial hockey representative for Auckland. He attended Auckland University College and worked as a lawyer and was a partner in an Auckland legal firm.
He served in the navy in World War I and again in World War II. In 1933 he became chairman of the Transport Appeal Board and chairman of the Transport Co-ordination Board from 1934 to 1936. He was a foundation member of the National Party and in 1936 he was elected chairman of the National Party's Auckland provincial executive. In 1945 he married Kathleen Bronwen Lewis Leonard.
In 1950 he was appointed as New Zealand High Commissioner to Australia serving until 1958. In the 1954 New Year Honours he was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George.
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74335789
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judarskogen%20nature%20reserve
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Judarskogen nature reserve
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Torpet Lugnet
On the edge of the nature reserve to the west of the lake near Ängbybadet is the farm Lugnet, which is owned by the city of Stockholm and managed by the Lilla Gillet laivförening. Torpet Lugnet has a half-timbered cottage with a tiled stove from the 1760s and some houses that was moved here. Lugnet consists of four buildings, main building, cottage, outbuilding and outhouse. Already in the 1930s, the Bromma Girl Scout Corps was based here. Outside the outhouse there is also a rest area with a fireplace. In the 1950s and 1960s, "Lilla och stora Lugnet" was used by the Nockeby Scout Corps. Torpet Lugnet is located in the western part of the area and there are also two larger buildings here that are owned and managed by Stockholm Municipality Street and Property Office. In the eastern part of the area, there are two buildings: Kvarnstugan and Smedstugan, which are also owned and managed by Stockholm Municipality Street and Property Office, and are rented out to associations.
From the 1930s, Kungsholm Baptist Church had a scout cabin in Judarskogen. It was located on the hill southwest of Lake Judarn, but burned down in the late 1960s.
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74336594
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimocursor
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Minimocursor
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Minimocursor (meaning "smallest runner") is a genus of basal neornithischian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Phu Kradung Formation of Thailand. The type species is Minimocursor phunoiensis.
Discovery and naming
The holotype specimen, PRC 150, was excavated in 2012 and prepared for the next five years. It consists of a postcranial specimen that is more than 50% complete. Other referred specimens include an isolated dentary briefly described in 2014 and pes material. Several more specimens remain unprepared as of 2023.
These bones were considered to represent a new genus and species, Minimocursor phunoiensis, in 2023. The generic name, "Minimocursor", combines the Latin words "minimus", meaning "the smallest", in reference to the holotype's small size, and "cursor", meaning "runner". The specific name, "phunoiensis", refers to the excavation site, Phu Noi.
Description
The not-fully-grown holotype has been estimated as long, similar to the size of Agilisaurus. Larger remains hint that the fully-grown animal would have been long.
Phylogeny
Manitkoon et al. (2023) added Minimocursor to a phylogenetic analysis, adding the holotype, pes, and dentary as separate operational taxonomic units (OTUs). All three claded together at the base of the Neornithischia, outside Thescelosauridae and Cerapoda, making it the first basal neornithischian known from Southeast Asia. Their cladogram is shown below:
Palaeoenvironment
The Phu Kradung Formation preserves a diverse assemblage of animals. Minimocursor would have lived alongside several fish and turtles, an indeterminate pterosaur, an indeterminate stegosaur, an indeterminate metriacanthosaurid, an indeterminate mamenchisaurid, and the thalattosuchian Indosinosuchus.
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74336636
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20C.%20MacNiven
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Mary C. MacNiven
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Mary Connell MacNiven, born McNiven and sometimes billed as Mrs Campbell/Mrs John Campbell (15 September 1905 – 25 March 1997) was an award-winning Gaelic singer and the inspiration behind the famous Scottish song Mairi's Wedding.
Early life and family
Mary Connell McNiven (later changed to MacNiven) was born in Glasgow on 15 September 1905. She was one of eight children born to Dugald McNiven (1856-1933), a grain storeman, and Christina McNiven, née Connell (1863-1949). Her parents were both originally from the island of Islay, her father was born near the village of Bowmore and her mother was from Portnahaven. The family grew up in the community of Scottish Gaels that thrived in Glasgow in the first half of the 20th century. Following her marriage in 1941, The Oban Times described how “…Islay rightly claims her as one of its own…”
Singing career
Having competed for several years in the annual National Mòd, winning “high recommendation for her performances” (Scotsman 28 Sept 1934), in Sept 1933 she was a very close runner-up in the ladies’ solo gold medal competition, losing by one point to Madge Campbell Brown. The final decision at this Mod held in Glasgow was made following a sing-off between both competitors before the judges.
In the 1934 Mod, held in Oban, she beat Catherine M. Clark to the solo women's gold medal award. She also won first place that year in mixed gender competitive category “Solo singing of a Song – To encourage the revival of the older or less known district songs” and second place in two further competitions, singing a duet with Chrissie Nicolson and giving a solo rendition one of the songs of the Lorn Bards. “The musical adjudicators spoke in high terms of her voice and manner of interpretation.”
She became a regular fixture on BBC radio, singing Gaelic songs and billed as either a soprano or mezzo-soprano. Mentions of her broadcast performances can be found in the radio listings from the latter 1930s to the 1950s.
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74336809
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauthierite
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Gauthierite
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Gauthierite is a very rare mineral with the idealised chemical sum formula . It is a radioactive, hydrated orange-coloured lead potassium uranyl oxide hydroxide.
It was found by analysing old mineral specimens, and is only known from one locality, the Shinkolobwe Mine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The mineral was named in honour of Gilbert Gauthier, a Belgian collector of uranium minerals, who provided a sample to one of the co-authors of the study that first identified it in 2017.
Etymology and history
Gauthierite is a very rare mineral and was first described in 2017. It was discovered on an old mineralogical sample from Shinkolobwe Mine, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A co-author of the original study was given the sample by Gilbert Joseph Gauthier (24. December 1924 – 23. June 2006), a Belgian mineral collector who focused on uranium minerals, after whom the mineral was named.
Classification
According to the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), which last updated its list in 2009, the Nickel-Strunz system lists gauthierite in the section of "oxides and hydroxides" amongst the "uranyl hydroxides". There it forms the group 4.GB, together with leesite K(H2O)2[(UO2)4O2(OH)5]·3H2O, shinkolobweite Pb1.25[U5+(H2O)2(U6+O2)5O8(OH)2](H2O)5 and kroupaite KPb0.5[(UO2)8O4(OH)10]·10H2O.
Chemistry
An analysis by electron microprobe using nine samples of the type material gave an averaged composition of 1.29 w.-% K2O, 7.17 w.-% PbO, 82.10 w.-% UO3 and 8.78 w.-% H2O.
Based on 34 oxygen atoms this gives the empirical sum formula K0.67Pb0.78U7O34H23.77, which is idealised as KPb[(UO2)7O5(OH)7]∙8H2O.
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74337145
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctuary%20of%20Santa%20Maria%20della%20Rotonda
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Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Rotonda
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The first restorations in the modern sense of the sanctuary -that is, not renovations, but works aimed at recovering the Roman structure- date back to 1919, when the four side niches were recovered, bringing to light behind an 18th-century or early 19th-century partition the 14th-century frescoes of the History of the True Cross. In 1931 a city committee was created to promote restorations to the dome of the sanctuary: the Regia Soprintendenza ai Monumenti per il Lazio thus had the first work done on the structure, finding, however, considerable problems in the entire building. Between 1933 and 1934, an organic project was drawn up to restore the entire monument to its original Roman appearance: the extensive work went on from 1935 to 1938. It involved consolidating the dome; lowering the floor, bringing it back 3.30 meters below the street level, to the Roman level; restoring the brick curtain and resuming the travertine ribs supporting the dome; arranging the apse and the side niches; and bringing to light the 14th-century frescoes obscured over the following centuries.
The high altar of the renovated sanctuary was consecrated on August 5, 1938: however, the sanctuary was not officially officiated until July 25, 1949 by Cardinal Bishop Giuseppe Pizzardo.
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74337207
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neriamangalam%20Bridge
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Neriamangalam Bridge
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The Neriamangalam Bridge is a bridge in the South Indian state of Kerala, that connects the Ernakulam and Idukki districts. Opened in 1935, it is the first Class A arch bridge in Asia. Popularly known as the gateway to the high ranges, it is located in Neriamangalam and presently a part of NH 85.
History
The railway and ropeway built by the British were destroyed in 1924 due to the great flood of 99. The road from Pooyamkutty to Mankulam was also damaged, ceasing the trade relations of high range with Kochi. Subsequently, Maharani Sethu Lakshmibai ordered the construction of a new road from Aluva to Munnar and a new bridge across Periyar to transport tea, aromatic crops and trees from the high range to Kochi. The new road was inaugurated in March 1931 by Maharani Sethulakshmi Bhai. The construction of the Neriamangalam bridge was started in 1924 and was opened on 2 March 1935 by Srichithira Tirunal Balaramavarma. In view of the strong currents that may occur in Periyar during the rainy season, the bridge is constructed in an arched shape to withstand the force of the water. The bridge has been instrumental in the growth of high range of Kerala since 1935. It also paved the way for migration of people from different parts of Kerala to high range. The bridge has been completed in five spans with a length of 214 meters and a width of 4.9 meters. The arches of the bridge are connected to the spans. It is made of surkhi and granite, which is a mixture of jaggery and lime. Since its inauguration, Neriamangalam bridge, has survived the great floods of 1961 and 2018.
| 2.59375
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74337534
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornmarkt%20%28Frankfurt%20am%20Main%29
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Kornmarkt (Frankfurt am Main)
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The birthplace of the Frankfurt Book Fair
In the Middle Ages, the southern part of Kornmarkt was primarily occupied by armorers and blacksmiths. However, towards the end of the 15th century, the area underwent a significant transformation as printers and booksellers started to settle here, displacing the previously resident crafts. This influx of new inhabitants led to the southern part of Kornmarkt being renamed Buchgasse. The merchants held a book fair here twice a year from 1480. Over time, the Frankfurt Book Fair became the most important book fair in Europe. Due to the liberal regulations of the Free Imperial City, even the writings of Martin Luther could be traded here at the beginning of the Reformation, which was banned elsewhere because of heresy. At the 1520 fair, a Frankfurt bookseller sold over 1400 copies of his writings. Luther himself stayed at the Gasthof Zum Strauß on his journey to the Diet of Worms on Sunday, April 14, 1521, and on his return on Saturday, April 27, 1521. The Gasthof zum Strauß was located at the corner of Schüppengasse and Buchgasse; it was demolished in 1896 when Bethmannstrasse was built.
While Luther’s opponent Johannes Cochläus, preached against him, Frankfurt patricians such as Philipp Fürstenberger, Arnold von Glauburg, and Hamman von Holzhausen warmly welcomed him. They engaged in enthusiastic discussions with Luther, whose writings were already familiar to them, until late at night.
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74337801
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jena%20Declaration
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Jena Declaration
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Impact
In Germany, the Declaration had a considerable impact on public debate and legislation, especially on the discussion about removing the term "Rasse" from the German constitution.
The Jena Declaration also led to a number of publications in the field of education and learning. In the book "Den Begriff 'Rasse' überwinden: die 'Jenaer Erklärung' in der (Hoch-)Schulbildung" (Overcoming the Concept of Race: The Jena Declaration in (Higher) School Education), a variety of ideas and concepts for overcoming the concept of "race" are offered. In this publication, the Jena Declaration serves as an impulse for a nationwide reorientation of (high) school education. Another example is the publication "Die Jenaer Erklärung gegen Rassismus' und ihre Anwendung im Unterricht" (The Jena Declaration against Racism and its Application in the Classroom), which presents concrete examples of the application of the Jena Declaration in the classroom.
IQWiG (The independent Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care) also backs the "Jena Declaration" by ceasing to translate the term "race" as "Rasse" in its evaluations.
The Institute no longer translates the term "race" as "Rasse" in its assessments.
| 2.21875
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74337804
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blayney%20Townley-Balfour%20%28governor%29
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Blayney Townley-Balfour (governor)
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Blayney Townley Balfour (1799 – 5 September 1882) was Lieutenant Governor of the Bahamas from 1833 to 1835.
Biography
Blayney Townley Balfour was born in Ireland in 1799, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. His father and great-grandfather (both also called Blayney Townley-Balfour) were both Irish MPs.
In June 1833 he assumed the governorship of the Bahamas after Sir James Carmichael-Smyth, the previous governor, was appointed to the governorship of British Guiana. During this period he oversaw the implementation of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833, which came into effect on 1 August 1834.
In 1833 and 1834 he deployed troops multiple times to Exuma to "restore discipline" among Lord Rolle's slaves (later 'apprentices') there. However, the transition in August 1834 was otherwise "quiet and orderly", perhaps due in part to the fact that a system of indentured apprenticeships (understood by many including Balfour himself to benefit the holders more than the apprentices themselves) had been employed in the Bahamas since 1811, as well as to the threat of force
In 1843 he married Elizabeth Catherine Reynell, with whom he had four children. He died on 5 September 1882.
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74337866
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Bloch%20in%20World%20War%20II
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Marc Bloch in World War II
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Born in Lyon to an Alsatian Jewish family, Bloch was raised in Paris, where his father—the classical historian Gustave Bloch—worked at Sorbonne University. Bloch was educated at various Parisian lycées and the École Normale Supérieure, and from an early age was affected by the antisemitism of the Dreyfus affair. During the First World War, he served in the French Army and fought at the First Battle of the Marne and the Somme. After the war, he was awarded his doctorate in 1918 and became a lecturer at the University of Strasbourg. There, he formed an intellectual partnership with modern historian Lucien Febvre. Together they founded the Annales School and began publishing the journal Annales d'histoire économique et sociale in 1929.
Outbreak of war
On 24 August 1939, at the age of 53, Bloch was mobilised for a third time, now as a fuel supply officer. He was responsible for the mobilisation of the French Army's massive motorised units. This involved him undertaking such a detailed assessment of the French fuel supply that he later wrote he was able to "count petrol tins and ration every drop" of fuel he obtained. During the first few months of the war, called the Phoney War, he was stationed in Alsace. He possessed none of the eager patriotism with which he had approached the First World War. Instead, Carole Fink suggests that because Bloch felt himself to have been discriminated against, he had "begun to distance himself intellectually and emotionally from his comrades and leaders". Back in Strasbourg, his main duty was evacuating civilians behind the Maginot Line. Further transfers occurred, and Bloch was re-stationed to Molsheim, Saverne, and eventually to the 1st Army headquarters in Picardy, where he joined the Intelligence Department, in liaison with the British.
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74337866
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Bloch%20in%20World%20War%20II
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Marc Bloch in World War II
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The Annalist historian André Burguière suggests Febvre did not really understand the position Bloch, or any French Jew, was in. Already damaged by this disagreement, Bloch's and Febvre's relationship declined further when the former had been forced to leave his library and papers in his Paris apartment following his move to Vichy. He had attempted to have them transported to his Creuse residence, but the Nazis—-who had made their headquarters in the hotel next to Bloch's apartment—-looted his rooms and confiscated his library in 1942. Bloch held Febvre responsible for the loss, believing he could have done more to prevent it.
Bloch's mother had recently died, and his wife was ill; furthermore, although he was permitted to work and live, he faced daily harassment. On 18 March 1941, Bloch made his will in Clermont-Ferrand. The Polish social historian Bronisław Geremek suggests that this document hints at Bloch in some way foreseeing his death, as he emphasised that nobody had the right to avoid fighting for their country. In March 1942 Bloch and other French academics such as Georges Friedmann and Émile Benveniste, refused to join or condone the establishment of the Union Générale des Israelites des France by the Vichy government, a group intended to include all Jews in France, both of birth and immigration.
French resistance, capture and death
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74337866
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Bloch%20in%20World%20War%20II
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Marc Bloch in World War II
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Capture and execution
Bloch was arrested at the Place de Pont, Lyon, during a major roundup by the Vichy milice on 8 March 1944, and handed over to the Gestapo. Bloch was using the pseudonym "Maurice Blanchard", and in appearance was "an ageing gentleman, rather short, grey-haired, bespectacled, neatly dressed, holding a briefcase in one hand and a cane in the other". He was renting a room above a dressmaker's shop on rue des Quatre Chapeaux; the Gestapo raided the place the following day. It is possible Bloch had been denounced by a woman working in the shop. In any case, they found a radio transmitter and many papers. Bloch was imprisoned in Montluc prison, during which time his wife died. While imprisoned, he was tortured, suffering beatings and ice-baths. On occasion, his torturers broke his ribs and wrists, which led to his being returned to his cell unconscious. He eventually caught bronchopneumonia and fell seriously ill. It was later claimed that he gave away no information to his interrogators, and while incarcerated taught French history to other inmates.
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74337866
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Bloch%20in%20World%20War%20II
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Marc Bloch in World War II
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In the meantime, the allies had invaded Normandy on 6 June 1944. As a result, the Nazi regime was keen to evacuate and "liquidate their holdings" in France; this meant disposing of as many prisoners as they could. Between May and June 1944 the Nazi occupying forces shot around 700 prisoners in scattered locations to avoid the risk of this becoming common knowledge, thus inviting Resistance reprisals around southern France. Among those killed was Bloch, one of a group of 26 Resistance prisoners picked out in Montluc and driven along the Saône towards Trévoux on the night of 16 June 1944. Driven to a field near Saint-Didier-de-Formans, they were shot by the Gestapo in groups of four. According to Lyon, Bloch spent his last moments comforting a 16-year-old beside him who was worried that the bullets might hurt. Bloch fell first, reputedly shouting "Vive la France" before being shot. A coup de grâce was delivered. One man managed to crawl away and later provided a detailed report of events; the bodies were discovered on 26 June. For some time Bloch's death was merely a "dark rumour" until it was confirmed to Febvre.
At his burial, his own words were read at the graveside. With them, Bloch proudly acknowledged his Jewish ancestry while identifying foremost as a Frenchman. He described himself as "a stranger to any formal religious belief as well as any supposed racial solidarity, I have felt myself to be, quite simply French before anything else". According to his instructions, no orthodox prayers were said over his grave, and on it was to be carved his epitaph dilexi veritatem ("I have loved the truth"). In 1977, his ashes were transferred from St-Didier to Fougeres and the gravestone was inscribed as he requested.
| 2.046875
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74338059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20CR%20Vasco%20da%20Gama
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History of CR Vasco da Gama
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Although the minutes stated that the symbol would be the Maltese Cross, it was actually the Order of Christ Cross used in Vasco uniforms. The use of the Christ Cross was due to its connection with the navigator Vasco da Gama and with the Portuguese ships: Vasco da Gama was sacred Knight of the Order of Christ, and the Portuguese ships wore the Christ Cross on their sails. In commemorations of the 4th centenary of the discovery of the sea route to India, the Christ Cross began to be represented without the white (or hollow) Greek cross inside; in color representations, the cross was most often shown in red or red. This representation was popularized by the Portuguese painter Alfredo Roque Gameiro, in two famous works about the departure of the Portuguese squadron and the arrival in Calicut.
Such works ended up serving as an inspiration to the club in choosing the cross - hence the reference in the minutes to the "Cross of Malta incarnate". Henrique Hübner, former director of the Vasco Memory Center, states that this is a metonymy due to a popular interpretation of the term "Maltese Cross" as a nickname for all heraldic designs of crosses pattés (crosses with open ends and equal). According to Hübner, there are countless examples published in the press in which, without any connection with C.R. Vasco da Gama, the Christ Cross (proper name) is designated as the Maltese Cross (nickname)".
With popular tradition, the Maltese cross ended up being associated with Vasco since its foundation, and the club was often called Cruzmaltino. Vasco's popular anthem, composed by Lamartine Babo, right at the beginning states "a Cruz de Malta é o meu pendão" (the Maltese Cross is my pennon). In 2010, Vasco launched a third shirt that "corrected history", in the words of the club, with the Cross of Christ.
In football
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74338059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20CR%20Vasco%20da%20Gama
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History of CR Vasco da Gama
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Vasco beat America and Fluminense, winning the championship, in its debut year in the first division, on August 12, 1923, leaving Flamengo in the second place, which ended up significantly marking the history of the club, Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, for being the first club in a campaign with Afro-descendant, poor and working-class members to be champion. Rui Proença, Portuguese by birth and living in Rio, identifies the fact as a true revolution, emphasizing the prejudices and difficulties initially encountered by Vasco, associating himself with the fact that Flamengo, Fluminense and Botafogo did not allow blacks to enter their clubs. The author concludes that the club would represent the reconciliation between blacks and Portuguese, discriminated against groups that, united, made Vasco. This team is still remembered today as the Camisas Negras (Black Shirts), and is considered one of Vasco da Gama's most important football squads. In 2023, the Camisas Negras are included in the Livro dos Heróis da Pátria (Book of Heroes of the Fatherland) of Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom.
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74338059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20CR%20Vasco%20da%20Gama
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History of CR Vasco da Gama
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1990s: Many titles, Copa Libertadores and A Virada do Século
The 1990s began with the victory of three consecutive Campeonato Carioca in 1992, 1993 and 1994. These achievements were important for Vasco as he was the only one among the Rio de Janeiro's Big Four who had not yet achieved the feat. In 1994, Vasco had agreed on loan with Portuguesa to sign the biggest Brazilian promise of the time, Dener, who was called by many "the new Pelé" and who had enchanted Diego Maradona during a pre-season match. Dener played some of the games for Vasco during the 1994 Campeonato Carioca, but died during the final stretch of the competition in a car accident while traveling to sign a contract with VfB Stuttgart.
In the 1997 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the club would win its third national league title, with a team led by the competition's then top scorer Edmundo, with 29 goals, the historical record of the tournament before the era of round-robin system. Edmundo became known to the fans as "O Animal" (The Animal) and the team as "Esquadrão Imortal" (Immortal Squad), which also included Juninho Pernambucano, Felipe, Pedrinho, goalkeeper Carlos Germano, among others.
In 1998, in the club's centenary year, the team won another Campeonato Carioca, as well as its first Copa Libertadores, defeating Barcelona SC in the final 4–1 on aggregate. The joy of the centenary was not complete only because of the losses to Real Madrid in the 1998 Intercontinental Cup and D.C. United in the 1998 Interamerican Cup. In 1999, Vasco won its third Torneio Rio–São Paulo title.
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74338130
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehouse%20culture%20of%20Baghdad
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Coffeehouse culture of Baghdad
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The coffeehouse culture of Baghdad () is a set of traditions and social behaviors in old, local, or traditional Baghdadi coffeehouses in Baghdad, Iraq. Ever since their inception in the 1500s, cafés have acted as social forums and gathering grounds for friends and meetings for all ages as well as a gathering ground for intellectuals, thinkers, and personalities to discuss politics, art, literature, science, poetry, and other subjects that had a great impact on Iraq's cultural and literary life while consuming tea or coffee.
Cultural Baghdadi coffeehouses have been thriving since their demands grew in the 17th century and continued into the 20th century, especially in al-Rashid Street, which saw many of these coffeehouses materialize along the street and the city. The majority of those coffeehouses, which bear witness to cultural, social, and political changes marking Iraq's modern history, have since been closed. Although many heritage and new traditional coffeehouses are still open. The most popular of these is the Shabandar Café in al-Mutanabbi Street.
Despite the fact that the coffeehouse culture is mostly associated with and active in Baghdad, the culture is spread throughout Iraq and examples can be found such as in Sulaymaniyah, Erbil and Karbala.
History
Ottoman Era (16th–19th centuries)
According to Iraqi historians, the first Baghdadi coffeehouse was named "Khan Jahan" and was established in 1590 under Ottoman rule by Cığalazade Sinan Pasha for a man named "Ismail Effendi". This coffeehouse was located behind al-Mustansiriya Madrasa. From the 17th century to the midst of the 18th century, there was high demand for coffeehouses in the neighborhoods of Baghdad which is believed to be the origin of how the culture surrounding those coffeehouses began. 1604 saw construction of the Hassan Pasha Café near al-Wazeer Mosque which contributed to the spread and demands of coffeehouses.
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74338130
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehouse%20culture%20of%20Baghdad
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Coffeehouse culture of Baghdad
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The 14 July Café () was a coffeehouse that existed on al-Kifah Street, then called King Ghazi Street. The coffeehouse was established by the Iraqi Communist Party as part of a campaign to establish cafes around Baghdad to spread its influence across. The coffeehouse was established in front of the Anjar Café, on the other side of al-Kifah Street. The coffeehouse's walls were decorated with banners that glorified Abd al-Karim Qasim and had slogans that said "Long live the sole leader, Abd al-Karim Qasim" and "Long live the democratic leader Abd al-Karim Qasim" along with framed pictures of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. Influence of the communist party started to decline in the street after the leader of the Latin Cathedral of St. Joseph made a speech in which he described communists as "anarchists" and eventually, the coffeehouse stopped letting in patrons with communist ideas which lead to its closure.
Arif Agha Café
The Arif Agha Café () was an old well-known coffeehouse that once existed on al-Rashid Street and was located opposite al-Zahawi Café and near the Haydar-Khana Mosque. The coffeehouse used to be frequented by senior employees of governmental departments, such as Yasin al-Hashemi and Hikmat Sulayman, as well as notables, such as al-Rusafi, and major merchants. It also turned into a private school during the summer where High Schoolers met with teachers and took their assistance in private lessons, in preparation for taking the baccalaureate exams.
| 1.984375
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74338334
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeong%20In-bo
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Jeong In-bo
|
Joseonhak Movement
Korean historians of the 1930s are described as belonging to three groups: (i) Chindan Hakhoe ()’s empirical approach to history validating primary sources, (ii) socio-political interpretation heavily influenced by Marxism to refute the Japanese view of Korean history put forth by Paek Nam-un, and (iii) a group of nationalist historians led by Jeong In-bo. This third group, or the nationalist historians, formed the core of the Joseonhak Movement, also known as the “Korean Studies Movement.” Against the backdrop of Korea under Japanese rule, Jeong urged for the clarification and development of an independent national culture based on the concept of “Koreanness”, i.e., the ideological foundation of nationalism. According to Jeong's ideals, the discovery of an independent national identity would help Korea to overcome the dominating Japanese colonial ideologies in fields such as culture and history. For instance, in the essay Five Thousand Years of Korea’s Ol/Spirit, Jeong writes as follows: “although I am not a historian, upon reading just one or two pages of the Japanese-written history books, I found it so difficult to suppress my rage at their cunning distortion that I began to write the book as an attempt to find Korea’s spirit.” In the effort towards the Korean spirit(Ol) or true Koreanness, the Joseonhak Movement delved into the history of Korean thoughts through its historical research and shed light on the history of Silhak in the late Joseon period. Silhak highlighted practical and reality-focused aspects, which contrasted with the dominating framework of Cheng-Zhu School of Neo-Confucianism in the Joseon Period that instead drifted into metaphysical structures. Silhak was an important marker for Jeong because of its nature as the resisting response to the extrinsic thoughts- a dynamic that Jeong considered as necessary to rediscover for his time.
Exposition of Yangmingism (양명학연론, 1933)
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74338621
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Ordinary%20Assignment
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No Ordinary Assignment
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No Ordinary Assignment: A Memoir, written by Jane Ferguson, chronicles her career as a Middle East and South Asia war correspondent spanning thirteen years. The book was published in July 2023 by Mariner Books of New York.
Synopsis
Ferguson has reported from modern battle zones in such places as Afghanistan, Yemen, Somalia, Syria, and Ukraine. Her childhood occurred amidst the Irish Republican Army's insurgency during Troubles of Northern Ireland, in the 20th century's last decades. As she grew up, female television news correspondents became her role models. Hence, these were formative years that led to her career as a network news reporter and war correspondent.
Filled with determination and a willingness to take risks, "...Ferguson became...a foreign correspondent for CNN and, later, Al Jazeera, where she covered major stories including the Arab Spring uprisings, the war in Afghanistan, and the Syrian civil war." When Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022 she also covered that. She is currently a special correspondent for the PBS NewsHour. Moving to New York in 2020, and away from the battle zones, gave her a chance to reflect on her life and career. "...[L]ooking back, she acknowledges, reveals just how much there is to take in."
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74338722
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestine%20Smith
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Celestine Smith
|
Celestine Louise Smith (May 31, 1903 – December 19, 1975) was an American psychotherapist who became the first Black Jungian psychoanalyst, certified in 1964. As of 2017, she is the only African American woman to graduate from a Jung Institute. She also held various administrative positions at the YWCA.
Life and career
Smith was born in 1903 in Macon, Georgia, to German Jewish father Fletcher Carol Smith (Schmitzen) and African American mother Viola Jane Smith. She received her bachelor's degree from Talladega College in 1925, a certificate in social work from the University of Southern California in 1942, and an EdD in marriage and family counseling from Teachers College, Columbia University, in 1952. Based on interviews with 75 Black adults in Manhattan, her 1952 doctoral dissertation was entitled An Exploration of Individual Need for Marriage and Family Life Education Among Urban Family Members. Later in life, she undertook religious and psychotherapy training at the Union Theological Seminary and the University of Chicago Divinity School.
After two years teaching high school in Florence, Alabama, Smith held various positions at the YWCA from 1929 to 1968. She worked as secretary of the YWCA in Little Rock, Arkansas, from 1927 to 1929. She was National Student YWCA secretary for the southwestern United States from 1929 to 1941, punctuated by a sojourn as director of the YWCA chapter in Lagos, Nigeria, from December 1934 to June 1935. She subsequently worked as the Los Angeles YWCA's director of counseling and casework from 1942 to 1946. After earning her doctorate, she became an administrative director of the Morningside Mental Hygiene Clinic, affiliated with the Church World Service, in New York City from 1949 to 1958. Smith returned to the National Student YWCA in 1958, working as a human relations specialist until her retirement in 1968. In retirement, she lived in Medford, New Jersey.
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74338803
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator%20munensis
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Alligator munensis
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Several distinct ridges ornament the skull of Alligator munensis. One rostral ridge for example stretches across the maxilla and lacrimal bone, where it transitions to a further pair of ridges that span the prefrontal bones. This later pair of ridges, which is seen in all species except for A. mcgrewi, forms a structure referred to as spectacle. Additional ridges can be seen following the midlines of the nasals, the frontal bone and the parietal bone. Notably, the squamosals lack any distinct ridges or crests and are instead flat, whereas in today's Chinese alligator these bones are raised to form low horns.
Alligator munensis had comparably reduced dentition. In addition to the typical five teeth in each premaxilla, it only possessed 12 teeth in either maxilla. Chinese alligators meanwhile possess 14 maxillary teeth. No teeth are known, but the 9th to 11th alveoli of the maxillae are clearly enlarged, which may correlate with the globular or blunt teeth. This could indicate a return to a more ancestral dentition, as today's generalist alligators evolved from more specialised ancestors.
Phylogeny and evolution
The type description of A. munensis does not include a detailed phylogenetic tree, although the authors mention that such an analysis is in the works. Regardless of the absence of a phylogeny, Darlim et al. are confident in assigning this species to the genus Alligator based on a number of shared traits. Within Alligator, A. munensis shows many similarities to Alligator sinensis, suggesting the two were closely related. Nevertheless, the many derived features of this species indicate that the relationship between the two was not that of ancestor and descendant, but rather that they may have been divergent species.
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74338864
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoko%20Shinohara
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Satoko Shinohara
|
Educator
In 1997, Shinohara became a full-time lecturer in the Department of Housing under the Faculty of Home Economics at Japan Women’s University, eventually becoming professor in the same department in 2010. She became the president of the University in May 2020, when she was appointed for a four-year term. A core value of her presidency has been the restructuring and rebranding of faculties; the Faculty of Home Economics has since been renamed and reconfigured as the “Faculty of Human Sciences and Design.” Additionally, under her leadership the university has decided to admit trans women beginning in 2024. She oversees the award-winning “Shinohara Lab” for architectural design students through the Department of Housing.
Work
Shinohara’s area of research is housing innovation in response to complex and changing household structures in modern Japan. She has co-authored at least six survey-style housing studies, published in The AIJ Journal of Technology and Design, in addition to numerous books and articles on the subject.
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74338869
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwiga%20Sarnecka
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Jadwiga Sarnecka
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Jadwiga Sarnecka (1877 or 1883 – 29 December 1913) was a Polish composer and pianist whose composition Ballade for piano won second place in a 1910 competition in Lviv (today in Ukraine) commemorating Chopin’s centenary. She also composed works for voice and piano.
Biography
Sarnecka was born in Slavuta, Volhynia (today in Ukraine). She studied piano with Felicjan Szopski and Władysław Żeleński in Krakow, Poland; Henryk Melcer-Szczawinski and Aleksander Michalowski in Warsaw; and Theodor Leschetizky in Vienna. She presented piano recitals throughout Austria, Germany and Poland.
Sarnecka’s compositions were not always favorably reviewed. She self-published her initial works. Arts patron Feliks Jasienski (pseudonym “Manggha”) (1861-1929) funded the publication of subsequent works. Eventually, Sarnecka’s compositions received favorable reviews from Polish music critics Adolf Chybinski, Zdzislaw Jachimecki, and Jozef Wladyslaw Reiss, and A. Piwarski & Company began publishing them. After winning second prize at the Lwów (Lviv) competition in 1910, Sarnecka was the only woman asked to present a paper at the first Congress of Polish Musicians later that year. She wrote about Creativity vs Virtuosity in Musical Composition.
Sarnecka died from tuberculosis in Krakow in 1913. Her work has been recorded commercially by Marek Szlezer on the DUX Records label. Her music is currently published by Polish Music Editions. Her compositions include:
Piano
Cinq Morceaux, opus 7
Etude in f minor
Fantasia
Four Impressions, opus
Intermezzo
Miniatures
Seven Ballads
Sonata No. 1, opus 9
Sonata No. 2
Thirteen Impressions
Two Studies
Variations
Vocal
"Lux in Tenebris" (text by Sarnecka; dedicated to Helene de Galezowska)
Song (text by Zygmunt Krasiński)
"Szumny wichrze gluchych pol" (alternate title: Vent qui cours la plaine; text by Lucjan Rydel; dedicated to Count Henryk Tyszkiewicz)
"Tenebrae" (text by Sarnecka; dedicated to Mademoiselle la Baronne Casimire Blazowska)
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74339133
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy%20Garrett%20Badley
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Amy Garrett Badley
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Amy Garrett Badley (née Mary Amy Garrett; 27 May 1862 – 30 October 1956) was an English educator, suffragist, co-founder of Bedales School, and a vice president of the National Council for Equal Citizenship.
Early life
Mary Amy Garrett was born on 27 May 1862, the daughter of Mary Gray and Reverend John Fisher Garrett, and grew up in Elton, Derbyshire. Through her father's first marriage, she was the half sister of suffragist and interior designer Rhoda Garrett. Among her cousins were Millicent Fawcett and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson: a feminist heritage which inspired her. In later life she would speak of being "proud to be a member of a family many of whose members had worked for the same great cause", adding that "she would have been ashamed if she had not tried to follow in their footsteps”.
Her mother, Mary Gray Garrett, died in 1872 at the age of 40; her father died six years later, in 1878.
Garrett studied at the Frankfurt Conservatoire of Music, where she developed a passion for the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, ahead of his widespread popularity in England. Her first teaching position was at Gateshead high school; the 1891 census listed her as a high school mistress in music.
In 1892, Garrett married John Haden Badley, a former classmate of her brother at Trinity College, Cambridge, which whom she had a son. Badley had been working at the progressive Abbotsholme School, run by Cecil Reddie, and despite sharing Reddie's philosophy of education he found him challenging. In 1891, John Haden Badley had sketched out an ideal for his own school, quoting John Locke in addressing "those whose concern for their dear little ones makes them so irregularly bold, that they dare venture to consult their own reason in the education of their children, rather than wholly to rely upon old custom." The couple began to discuss the founding of a school together.
Bedales School
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74339133
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy%20Garrett%20Badley
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Amy Garrett Badley
|
Bedales opened in Lindfield, near Haywards Heath, in January 1893. Girls first joined the school in the Autumn of 1898, due in no small part to "the determination and persistence of Mrs Badley", whose promotion of women's suffrage in the area was well known. This made Bedales the first English boarding school which admitted boys and girls on a fully equal basis. The decision was not without controversy, but John Haden Badley defended the decision as encouraging better relationships between the sexes into adulthood. Amy Badley was known by students of the school as 'Ma B'.
At Bedales, Amy Badley is also said to have contributed "her own musical gifts and an indomitable and active concern for the emancipation of women". Amy Badley was an active supporter of women's suffrage, promoting it within the school as well as outside of it. She helped to found the Petersfield Society for Woman Suffrage and Equal Citizenship, of which she was the "mainstay" for 35 years.
Badley retired in 1934, and moved with her husband to Cholesbury, Buckinghamshire, close to their son's farm.
Death and legacy
Amy Badley died on 30 October 1956 in Buckinghamshire. An obituary in The Times recalled as her as having had "an active share" in the "more important changes" of the era in which she'd lived, such as "the regeneration in this country of music, the reform of education, [and] the liberation of women from medieval and early Victorian limitations".
Today, Bedales School holds a summer community day named "Garrett Day" after Amy Garrett Badley.
| 2.859375
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74339151
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drung%20Hill
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Drung Hill
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Drung Hill () is a hill on the Iveragh Peninsula of southwestern Ireland. Overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, its summit is tall. Like the peak of Knocknadobar to the west, it has been a Christian pilgrimage site since pre-Christian times.
History
The name of the hill means 'gathering place' in Gaelic.
Historically, the summit served as a boundary marker between different kingdoms.
Until 1880, the harvest festival of Lughnasa was held at the end of every July on the summit. On the last Sunday of July, Domhnach na dTuras ('Pilgrimage Sunday') would be held, during which there would be gatherings on the summits of Drung Hill and Knocknadobar, with special meals cooked in open fires. In the November 1913 issue of the Kerry Archaeological Magazine, M. J. Delap reported that pilgrims came from as far as Limerick.
Sites of interest
There are two cairns on an old road below the summit of Drung Hill. The larger cairn, which has a diameter of approximately 30 metres, is known as Laghtfinnan and may have been erected in prehistoric times. Laghtfinnan was likely a Bronze Age or Neolithic burial site. On top of the cairn, there is a leacht with an Ogham inscription on it that reads [...] MAQI R[...], signifying that the name of the commemorated person's father began with the letter R.
Cahircanaway (also written as Cahir-Canaway), the smaller of the two cairns, is 2.5 metres high. It may have been the site of the inauguration of Fineen MacCarthy Reagh, the final Mac Cárthaigh Mór, by the Ó Súilleabháin Mór (O'Sullivan Mor) in January 1600.
Tobar Fhíonáin (Gaelic: 'Fionán's well'), a former holy well on Drung Hill named after St Fionán of Iveragh (Iveragh's most important saint), was also likely used during pilgrimage rituals.
Access
A section of the Kerry Way known as the Butter Road traverses the northern slopes of Drung Hill. The path was used to transport butter and other goods from Cork to Kerry.
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74339334
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcia%20Stefanick
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Marcia Stefanick
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Stefanick is also PI on the Osteoporotic Study of Men (MrOS) which conducts clinical assessments of bone and body composition from an original cohort of nearly 6000 men, aged 65 and over, which started in 2001.
As Director of the Stanford Women’s Health and Sex Differences in Medicine (WHSDM, “wisdom”) Center, Stefanick promotes research and teaching on sex and gender in human physiology and disease. The Center promotes multi-disciplinary research on women’s health and sex differences in biology and medicine, including basic science, clinical medicine and population studies.
Stefanick in involved in leadership roles at the Stanford School of Medicine, including as co-leader of the Population Sciences Program of the Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford’s NCI-funded comprehensive cancer center.
One part of the WHI trial was halted in 2002 since the data indicated that postmenopausal women taking combination hormone therapy have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, blood clots and breast cancer. Stefanick's study indicated that the increased risk of breast cancer lingers after a woman stopped taking combination hormone replacement therapy. Stefanick stated that it wasn't clear if these were new cancers or existing tumors previously undetected. "The really important message for women is they need to get a mammogram if they've stopped using hormones," Stefanick said. "They shouldn't think everything is fine. They need to get a mammogram to make absolutely sure. Once they've stopped the hormones, you have a better chance of detecting them."
Career appointments
Stefanick served as the Principal Investigator of the Stanford Clinical Center of the WHI Clinical Trials and Observational Study since 1994.
She served as Chair of the WHI Steering and Executive Committees from 1998-2011
Appointments at Stanford University School of Medicine
Professor of Medicine,
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
Professor of Epidemiology and Population Health
Honors and awards
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74339420
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering%20pride
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Stuttering pride
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The impact on speech and language therapy
In the field of speech and language therapy, some types of stuttering therapies have focused on the production of fluent speech and a reduction or elimination of stuttered speech. For example, in the case of fluency-shaping therapies, the measurement of therapy outcomes has been based on counting the number of syllables stuttered, with therapy goals aiming to reduce this percentage. Additionally, speech-language pathologists (also known as speech and language therapists in the U.K.) work with people who stutter to explore the emotions, attitudes, self-stigma and societal stigma about stuttering/stuttering.
Indeed, there have previously been seen to be two dichotomous philosophies within the field of speech and language therapy distinguishing between the 'speak-more-fluently' and 'stutter-more-fluently' approaches: the former, broadly speaking, focuses on fluency-shaping and speech re-structuring and the latter on reducing avoidance/masking and negative attitudes towards stuttering as well as modifying moments of stuttering. These two philosophies have directly shaped therapy practice, research priorities and services offered, resulting in significant variations in the dominant approach adopted in different countries across the world.
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74339420
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering%20pride
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Stuttering pride
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Finally, other visual artists who celebrate the stuttering aesthetic include multi-media artist Wendy Ronaldson (Conversation IV), cartoonist Daniele Rossi (Stuttering is Cool), illustrator Willemijn Bolks (WiWillemijn), and photographers Alda Villiljos, Sveinn Snaer Kritjansson, and Sigridur Fossberg Thorlacius (Stutters).
Performance arts
Stuttering is also celebrated by performance artists. A notable performance artist who stutters is stand-up comedian, disability activist, and educator Nina G. In her work, Nina breaks barriers in the comedy world and advocates for the stuttering community. Nina is also the author of the autobiographical book ‘Stutterer Interrupted: The Comedian Who Almost Didn't Happen'.
Another performance artist who stutters is theatre performance artist Nye Russell-Thompson. Russell-Thompson created 'StammerMouth', a British award-winning theatre company.
Finally, other performance artists celebrating stuttering include actor and podcaster Scroobius Pip, Daniel Kitson and comedian Callum Schofield.
Podcasts
Podcasting is an emerging medium that is literally lifting up the voices of the stuttering community. There are several podcasts around stuttering that are helping raise awareness about the speech disability, including “Proud Stutter,” a podcast hosted and edited by stuttering advocate Maya Chupkov. What makes podcasts so powerful and healing for people who stutter is it allows people to be freely themselves in an intimate setting. Podcasts like Proud Stutter allow people who do not stutter become more familiar with the diverseness of speech that they may encounter in their daily lives. Podcasts are also accessible and free for the public to listen to in the comfort of their own spaces. And from an educational standpoint, they can even be a powerful way to help parents understand their kids living with a stutter.
| 2
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74339448
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool%20Press%20Guard
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Liverpool Press Guard
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Preparations for the next phase of the offensive (the Battle of Guillemont) were hampered by enemy shellfire, and 1/9th King's suffered a steady trickle of casualties. On the nights of 10/11 and 11/12 August the companies moved into position to support the neighbouring French units in their attack on 12 August. The bombardment began at 15.30 and zero hour was fixed for 17.15. The battalion bombers of 1/9th King's worked their way down a trench known as 'Cochrane Alley' while two companies advanced in waves down the left and the French attacked into the Maurepas ravine on its right. The attack ran into heavy machine gun fire, the French attackers disappeared into the ravine and never returned, and the right hand company of 1/9th King's was stopped despite the leadership of the company commander and company sergeant-major, both of whom were killed. The bombers were shot down as they emerged from the end of Cochrane Alley. With failure of the French there was nothing to be done and the attackers were withdrawn after dark, apart from a forward block in Cochrane Alley. Next day the battalion was relieved and withdrew to rest on the coast, though the men were trained hard. The CO was evacuated and Maj P.G.A. Lederer (who had begun the war as a Second lieutenant in the battalion) took temporary command.
| 1.929688
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74339516
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20C.%20Roberts
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Margaret C. Roberts
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Margaret Curtis Shipp Roberts (December 17, 1846 – March 13, 1926) was an American obstetrician and one of the first women from Utah to receive a medical degree. She was urged to study medicine by Brigham Young, the leader of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, to address increasing rates of mortality during childbirth. She worked in private practice from 1883 to 1922 and trained over 600 nurses and midwives at the Relief Society Nursing School from 1899 to 1919. In 1888, she founded and served as editor of the Salt Lake Sanitarian, one of the first medical journals in Utah. She was in a polygamous marriage to B.H. Roberts, who was elected Congressman for Utah's at-large district; however, the House of Representatives refused to seat him due to his polygamy.
Early life and education
Margaret Curtis was the second child of Margaret (née Martin) and Theodore Curtis. She was born on December 17, 1846, in St. Louis, Missouri, and moved with her family to Utah. Her parents worked in wool carding and tailoring once in Utah.
When Roberts was a child, she was invited by Brigham Young to attend school with his children. Her father entered into plural marriage with Jane Mace in 1861, exposing Roberts to polygamy at a young age.
Due to increasing mortality rates for infants and mothers during childbirth, LDS leader Brigham Young called for women in polygamous relationships who had already had children to travel to Philadelphia and obtain their medical degrees at the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania. Roberts was the second to attend in 1875 after Romania B. Pratt Penrose, but returned home shortly after due to homesickness. Her husband's first polygamous wife, Ellis Reynolds Shipp, took her spot at the school. Eventually, Roberts returned to Philadelphia and obtained her Doctor in Medicine degree in 1883.
Career
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74339662
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay%20separatism
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Gay separatism
|
Ethan of Athos (1986) by Lois Bujold, inspired by the real world men-only religious society of Mount Athos, shows a world in which men have isolated their planet from the rest of civilization to avoid the "corrupting" effect of women. Children are grown in uterine replicators, using ova derived from tissue cultures; the novel's plot is driven by the declining fertility of these cultures. The titular "unlikely hero" is gay obstetrician Dr. Ethan Urquhart, whose dangerous adventure alongside the first woman he has ever met presents both a future society where homosexuality is the norm and the lingering sexism and homophobia of our own world.
The parodic film Gayniggers from Outer Space (1992) follows a group of intergalactic homosexual black men as they exterminate the female population of the Earth, eventually creating a utopic gay male-only world.
The 2005 novel This Gay Utopia by John Butler imagines male-only spaces in a small town in which both straight and gay men engage in homosexual relations.
Rafael Grugman's dystopian novel Nontraditional Love (2008) describes an inverted world in which mixed-sex marriages are forbidden and conception occurs in test tubes. In lesbian families, one of the women carries the child while gay male couples turn to surrogate mothers to bring their children to term. The Netherlands is the only country where mixed-sex marriages are permitted. In this world intimacy between the opposite sexes is rejected, world history and the classics of world literature have been falsified in order to support the ideology of the homosexual world. The author paints a grotesque situation, but underlying this story is the idea that society should be tolerant and accepting and respect the right of every person to be themselves.
| 2
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74339936
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Death%20of%20the%20Virgin%20%28Bruegel%29
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The Death of the Virgin (Bruegel)
|
The Death of the Virgin, also known as The Dormition of the Virgin, is a 1564 grisaille painting by Dutch and Flemish painter Pieter Bruegel the Elder, depicting the death of the Virgin Mary with the Apostles and other figures in attendance. It is now displayed in Upton House and under the care of the National Trust. It is one of the three surviving grisailles by Bruegel.
Background
The Virgin Mary's death is recorded as an apocryphal story in the Golden Legend by Jacobus de Voragine. It inspired Bruegel's The Death of the Virgin and works by other artists. Depictions of the scene typically limit those in attendance to the apostles, making Bruegel's painting unique. Bruegel's painting shows similarities to Martin Schongauer's and Albrecht Dürer's engravings of the same scene which may suggest inspiration.
Charles de Tolnay stated that the composition was inspired by the miniature La Mort, painted by Simon Bening in the Grimani Breviary between 1505 and 1510. Walter S. Gibson also noted the similarities.
Infrared reflectography has shown a minimal amount of underdrawing carried out with brushes. The underdrawn lines show that the cat was originally slightly more to the right, the woman plumping the pillow was also more to the right and the bed may have been smaller.
History
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74339936
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Death%20of%20the%20Virgin%20%28Bruegel%29
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The Death of the Virgin (Bruegel)
|
The Death of the Virgin was originally owned by Abraham Ortelius and may have been commissioned by him. In 1574, Ortelius asked Philips Galle to reproduce the painting as engravings for which he wrote an inscription. He then distributed these prints to his friends including notable figures Dirck Volkertszoon Coornhert and Benedictus Montanus. Coornhert wrote a poem dedicated to Bruegel and Galle which noted the gift. In 1590, Benito Arias Montano requested an impression of the engraving. In a letter to Ortelius, he described the grisaille, which he had seen previously, as 'painted in the most skillful manner and with the greatest piety'. Pieter Bruegel the Younger made multiple copies of The Death of the Virgin, one of which was in colour.
Provenance
After Ortelius' death, The Death of the Virgin was acquired first by Isabella Brant and then by her husband Peter Paul Rubens. After his death in 1640, the painting was described in the inventory of his possessions as 'blanc et noir du Vieux Breugel'. In English, this translates to 'white and black by Breugel the Elder'.In 1691, the painting is mentioned in the inventory of Jean-Baptiste Anthoine. Lord Lee of Fareham acquired the painting for his collection at Richmond in 1930 from an art dealer in London.
Exhibition history
In 2013, The Death of the Virgin was displayed in the exhibition New Light on Old Masters at the Squash Court Gallery. The painting was also displayed in the exhibition Bruegel in Black & White: Three Grisailles Reunited alongside Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery and Three Soldiers, the two other surviving grisailles by Bruegel, in 2016.
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74340187
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20South%20Asian%20floods
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2023 South Asian floods
|
Flooding affected parts of South Asia since March of 2023, killing many and destroying buildings.
Background
Monsoons hit South Asia every year, mostly between June and September. Every year, floods affect the Indian subcontinent, collapsing buildings and causing landslides. Climate change in South Asia has exacerbated these storms.
Countries affected
Bangladesh
Cyclone Mocha destroyed 2,522 houses and damaged 10,469 others in May. Three people died of indirect causes and 12 others were injured.
Flooding in August killed 57 people, left several missing, displaced around 45,000 residents and affected 1.2 million others, as well as damaging over 2,700 shelters. Damage estimated by the government in Bandarban District was Tk7 billion (US$63.9 million), though the locals estimated the loss to be over Tk10 billion (US$91.4 million).
India
In India, a total of 2,038 people were killed, 1,584 others were injured and 101 others were left missing due to flooding-related incidents between 1 April and 17 August. During this period, there were 518 deaths in Bihar, 330 more in Himachal Pradesh, 165 in Gujarat, 138 in Madhya Pradesh, 107 deaths each in Karnataka and Maharashtra, 90 more in Chhattisgarh and 75 in Uttarakhand.
Twelve people were killed and 23 others were injured in Rajasthan by Cyclone Biparjoy after it hit in June. At least 4,600 villages were affected by the storm.
Two people were killed by a landslide caused by flooding in Assam from 17 to 21 of June, which affected up to 100,000 residents in 20 districts.
Since 24 June, at least 229 people were killed and 38 others were left missing by flooding in northern India due to monsoon rains, including 105 in July and 81 more in August.
Nepal
Since June, at least 38 people died and 33 others were left missing after floods across Nepal, which damaged at least 283 homes.
Pakistan
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74340536
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nella%20Bergen
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Nella Bergen
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Nella Bergen (December 2, 1873 – April 24, 1919) was an American stage actress and singer who performed in operettas on Broadway and in London at the turn into the 20th century.
Early life and education
Ellen G. Reardon was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of John Edward Reardon and Margaret M. Reardon. All of her grandparents were immigrants from Ireland. Her father was a police captain in Brooklyn. She studied voice with Polish-born opera singer Adelina Murio-Celli d'Elpeux.
Career
Bergen was a church soloist as a young woman. She began her professional stage career as a soloist with the bandmaster Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore. As an actress and singer she appeared mainly in operettas, musicals, and comedies. Her Broadway credits included roles in The Charlatan (1898–1899), Baroness Fiddlesticks (1904), Wang (1904), The Free Lance (1906–1907), The Talk of New York (1907), and He Came from Milwaukee (1910).
Bergen also toured with theatrical productions, including in London performances of The Mystical Miss, El Capitan and The Charlatan in 1899. She sang at a wintertime outdoor show at a hospital for tuberculosis patients in 1909. She had one film credit, for the 1899 silent short film The Summer Girl. Her image was used to sell sheet music for popular songs.
Bergen proposed and supported the establishment of a care home for the pets of people in theatre work, whose schedules and income fluctuations could make pet care difficult or irregular. "There are no creatures on earth that suffer more than the animal pets of stage folk," she told The New York Times in 1909.
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74340610
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnie%20Elliott
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Bonnie Elliott
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Bonnie Elliott is an Australian cinematographer. She has been nominated for and won numerous AACTA Awards in cinematography, including for Spear (2015), Seven Types of Ambiguity (2017), H Is for Happiness (2019), and Stateless (2020).
Early life and education
Bonnie Elliott graduated from the University of Technology Sydney in 1988. While studying there, she was involved in the production of student films and the teen drama Heartbreak High. One of her teachers was US-born cinematographer and documentary filmmaker Martha Ansara.
In 2006 she obtained a Master of Arts in Film, Television, and Digital Media Cinematography AFTRS, where she studied under female cinematographers Jan Kenny and Erika Addis.
Career
Elliott worked as a clapper loader and focus puller for eight years, at the same time shooting her own work on a number of short films, using short ends left over from her jobs.
Her first feature film was My Tehran for Sale (2008), which she said would always be a major highlight of her career. Shot in Iran, the crew filmed in Tehran for 11 weeks. She was the only Australian, and the only female working with a crew of Iranian men, on the film about young artists living under the repressive Iranian regime, which made it somewhat risky.
Elliott was requested by Stephen Page of Bangarra Dance Theatre to collaborate with him on the production of Spear (released 2015), an adaptation of Page's stage work, which explores themes of Aboriginal masculinity.
She shot Meryl Tankard's 30-minute documentary film Michelle's Story, about the dancer and choreographer Michelle Ryan, who has multiple sclerosis. Ryan became artistic director of Restless Dance Theatre in 2013. The film premiered at the Adelaide Film Festival in October 2015, and won the Audience Award there. It went on to screen at other festivals, and won other awards.
| 1.921875
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74340706
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo%20Feminista%20Renovaci%C3%B3n
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Grupo Feminista Renovación
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Grupo Feminista Renovación (Feminist Group Renovation; FGR), was a women's organization in Panama, founded in 1922. It was renamed Partido Nacional Feminista (PNF) (Feminist National Party) in 1923.
It was the first women's rights organization in Panama, and played an important role in the campaign for women's suffrage in Panama alongside the Sociedad Nacional para el Progreso de la Mujer (National Society for the Progress of Women).
The Feminist Group Renovation (FGR) was founded the first female lawyer in Panama, Clara Gonzalez, Sara Sotillo, Enriqueta Morales, Elida Campodónico de Crespo and Sara María Barrera, collaborating with the organization of women's schools founded that same year by Julia Palau.
It was transformed in to the Partido Nacional Feminista (PNF) (Feminist National Party) in 1923, which has been referred to as the first feminist party in Latin America, and had a close association with the American women's movement.
It worked for women's equal rights in law, economy and political suffrage.
The 1941 Constitution of Panama finally approved conditional suffrage for literate women; both men and women were allowed to vote by the Decree No. 12 of 2 February 1945, when the first women, Esther Neira de Calvo and Gumersinda Paez, was elected to parliament; the reform was finally fully implemented in the 1946 Constitution.
| 2.125
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74340779
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic%20Justice
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Linguistic Justice
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Linguistic Justice: Black Language, Literacy, Identity, and Pedagogy is a 2020 nonfiction book by April Baker-Bell about anti-black racism in writing pedagogy, and ways for English teachers to combat it.
Summary
Baker-Bell's book is a mix of theory and practice. It begins with an overview of black language. Baker-Bell calls for the reader to take an anti-racist stance and work to dismantle linguistic racism. The book then shares ways to put the underlying theory into practice, and discusses how these methods worked in her own classroom. The book concludes by showing the effects of putting these practices in place.
Critical reception
Jason C. Evans wrote in the journal Teaching English in the Two-Year College that teachers may find the curricula outlined by Baker-Bell "helpful", and wrote that the book pairs well with Erec Smith's A Critique of Anti-racism in Rhetoric and Composition: The Semblance of Empowerment. Jessica A. Grieser strongly recommended the book, writing that most English speakers in the United States would learn something from reading it. Linguistic Justice was reviewed favorably in other academic journals as well.
| 2.625
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74340879
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Petrified%20Forest%20%28play%29
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The Petrified Forest (play)
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The Petrified Forest is a 1934 two-act play by American playwright Robert E. Sherwood. It is a melodrama, with a large cast and one setting. The story takes place inside a cafe called the Black Mesa Bar-B-Q and Filling Station, on a lonely crossroads in eastern Arizona. The family who runs it, their employees, and some customers are taken hostage by a criminal gang which just pulled off a bloody jail break in Oklahoma City. The action all occurs in the course of one afternoon and evening in 1934. The title comes from the nearby petrified forest, where the drifting protagonist feels he belongs.
The original play was produced by Gilbert Miller and Leslie Howard, in association with Arthur Hopkins. It was staged by Hopkins, had sets by Raymond Sovey, and starred Leslie Howard, with Peggy Conklin and Humphrey Bogart. It ran on Broadway from January thru June 1935, with four of the original cast then reprising their roles in the 1936 film version. The play had one minor revival on Broadway in 1943, and was adapted for television in 1955.
This was the breakthrough role for Bogart, and thereafter he abandoned Broadway for the movies. The play was listed among the ten best of the season by critic Burns Mantle, but wasn't on the shortlist of four plays recommended for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
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74340879
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Petrified%20Forest%20%28play%29
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The Petrified Forest (play)
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After four performances in Hartford, the production went to the Shubert Theatre in Boston, where it opened on Christmas Eve 1934. The local reviewer said "The Petrified Forest is a most unusual mingling of blistering satire, heartfelt reference to poetry and philosophy, and thrilling but plausible melodrama." They praised the acting of Leslie Howard and Peggy Conklin and noted the audience's enthusiastic reaction to the play.
Premiere and reception
The Petrified Forest had its Broadway premiere on January 7, 1935, at the Broadhurst Theatre. Leslie Howard had top billing and was the only performer named in advertising. Critic Rowland Field echoed the Boston reviewer, saying "The play is a curious mixture of philosophic thought and exciting action". Arthur Pollock said the play's title reflected its theme, to wit that a petrified forest "would be a better place than most as a happy hunting ground for pathetically large numbers of maladjusted people of today, particularly the intellectuals. For our mechanical civilization, in its hurried rush ahead, has outdistanced our intelligence." Pollock points this up further by identifying what it is about Gabby and Duke Mantee that appeals to Alan Squier, that they are both untamed individuals not yet overcome by a "petrifying civilization".
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74341249
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20principle/spectral%20bias
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Frequency principle/spectral bias
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Frequency perspective for understanding experimental phenomena
Compression phase: The F-Principle explains the compression phase in information plane. The entropy or information quantifies the possibility of output values, i.e., more possible output values lead to a higher entropy. In learning a discretized function, the DNN first fits
the continuous low-frequency components of the discretized function, i.e., large entropy state. Then, the DNN output tends to be discretized as the network gradually captures the high-frequency components, i.e., entropy decreasing. Thus, the compression phase appears in the information plane.
Increasing complexity: The F-Principle also explains the increasing complexity of DNN output during the training.
Strength and limitation: The F-Principle points out that deep neural networks are good at learning low-frequency functions but difficult to learn high-frequency functions.
Early-stopping trick: As noise is often dominated by high-frequency, with early-stopping, a neural network with spectral bias can avoid learn high-frequency noise.
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74342184
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses%20in%20Kyrgyzstan
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Horses in Kyrgyzstan
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Collectivization and sedentism
Like other countries integrated into the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan saw its equestrian traditions decline with the creation of kolkhoz and sovkhoz, due in part to the importation of motor vehicles. The Kyrgyz resisted sedentism for quite some time, most of them preferring to remain nomads. This led to violent clashes between nomadic herders and communist supporters, some of whom preferred to slaughter their entire herds before fleeing the country, rather than donate them to the community. The seizure of these herds, which included other domestic animals as well as horses, led to the first collectivized state farms in Kyrgyzstan. From 1931 onwards, the Kyrgyz became increasingly sedentary, particularly among the poorer sections of the population. The collective farms provided horses to guard and look after the herds. While nomadic herders could own herds of up to 80 horses, the number of animals they are allowed to keep for their own use is strictly limited. In the 1970s, in the Tong district of Issyk-Kul, people were allowed to have only one mare and one foal, with any additional animals confiscated for the community. However, breeders frequently conceal horses from the authorities.
Creation of the Novokirghiz
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74342184
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses%20in%20Kyrgyzstan
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Horses in Kyrgyzstan
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During the hot season, working animals are shackled or tied to a stake outside when not in use, to prevent them from straying too far. Once a horse has been put through its paces, it is always tethered, and usually covered with a rug to prevent it getting cold. The horse is tethered for a few hours to rest, then released.
During their free grazing, the mares (usually 10 to 15) are herded with a single stallion, and tethered five to six times a day for milking. At night, the whole herd is released. They have to be fetched on horseback and rounded up in the morning for the first milking, which is generally carried out by the women and children. Herds that are not milked are generally much larger, and are kept in total freedom in the summer, with farmers checking for wolf attacks and theft every other day. Horse theft is a major cultural problem in Kyrgyzstan. As herds can travel quite far, herders help each other to spot animals belonging to local people. During the cold season, depending on the intensity of the weather, horses are kept in open pasture or brought in and fed hay, or cereals for those who work hardest.
Riding practices
| 3.25
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74342184
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses%20in%20Kyrgyzstan
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Horses in Kyrgyzstan
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Testimonies gathered from the Sayaks of Jumgal Too and the Kyrgyz of Xinjiang give very precise details of these rituals. The horse's manes are cut off, and it is sometimes covered with a saddle on which all the other pieces of harness are piled. The animal is forbidden to ride, until it is sacrificed. Sometimes, it is not sacrificed, but given to the Mullah in exchange for the redemption of the deceased's sins. Afterwards, a symbolic transformation of horses into a vehicle for the afterlife takes place, but the details of this ritual are not known among the Kyrgyz. According to local beliefs, the spirit of the deceased has an influence on the outcome of these games.
Horses as a symbol of national identity
According to Carole Ferret, the Kyrgyz authorities, like the Russians, Yakuts and Turkmens, have used horse breeds as instruments of identity. The Russians have attempted to reappropriate the local Kyrgyz breed through the creation of the Novokirghiz: she sees in this process the desire to produce a "new horse for a new man". The existence of a national horse breed became a criterion for defining the human community of Kyrgyzstan, on a par with language and territory. Since then, the return to the original, smaller Kyrgyz horse has been widely encouraged. However, Kyrgyz practitioners and riders "don't care much about the breed or size of their horses". For the Kyrgyz government, recovering the national horse breed is an "expression of an allogeneic desire for authenticity".
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74342361
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrd%20Hill
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Byrd Hill
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Byrd Hill (November 18, 1800 – September 28, 1872) was a slave trader of Tennessee and Mississippi prior to the American Civil War. Byrd Hill has been described as one of the "big four" slave traders in the centrally located city of Memphis on the Mississippi River. Hill was partners for a time with Nathan Bedford Forrest and is believed to have resold six of the Africans illegally trafficked to the United States on the Wanderer in 1859. Hill also made a fleeting appearance in Harriet Beecher Stowe's A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin.
Biography
Records of Byrd Hill's early life appear to be meager. He received a number of warrants for land in Tennessee in 1825, 1826, 1828, and 1842.
On June 15, 1830, he married Louisa A. Eddins. In 1830 he was a resident of Madison County, Tennessee, in a household with an unidentified white female in her 20s, and five black slaves (a male adult, a female adult, a boy under 10 years old, and two girls under 10 years old). In 1831 he may have recovered someone's lost horse, at which time he lived five miles south of Jackson, Tennessee, in Madison County. In 1840 he appears to have lived in the northern division of Marshall County, Mississippi in a household with a wife and five small children, and nine slaves. In 1841 he was in the southern division of the same county. Also in 1841, he was one of the organizers of a proposed railway line in Mississippi, the Holly Springs & State Line Rail Road. His wife Louisa A. Hill, who died May 15, year unknown, is buried at Hillcrest Cemetery in Holly Springs, Mississippi.
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74342361
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrd%20Hill
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Byrd Hill
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Sometime between 1861 and 1863, Hill's wife and the wife of Josiah Deloach donated seven gallons of buttermilk, a sack of potatoes, and a lamb to the Confederate military hospital at the former Overton Hotel in Memphis. Hill was listed as a resident of Adams Street in Memphis in the 1865 Memphis city directory. In April 1867 someone stole a mule from the stable of Col. Byrd Hill. In November 1867 he lived three miles south of Memphis, on the old State Line road, and had a valuable horse stolen from his property; he offered a reward of for its return. In June 1868 he was deemed First Vice President of the newly organized White's Station Agricultural and Stock Association, which met at White's Station along the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. Byrd Hill's second wife Lavinia R. Hill died of heart disease in October 1868 at the age of 60; she was buried in Memphis.
Byrd Hill died in Shelby County, Tennessee in 1872. A death notice that appeared in the Memphis Avalanche stated that he was a man "known to thousands of former residents of this city...Before the war he was a dealer in slaves, in the building now known as the Central House." Byrd Hill was buried at Hill Cemetery in Madison County, Tennessee.
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74342391
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandolfo%20Collenuccio
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Pandolfo Collenuccio
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Pandolfo Collenuccio (7 January 1444 – 11 June 1504) was an Italian Renaissance humanist, Civil Servant and writer.
Biography
Pandolfo Collenuccio was born in Pesaro on 7 January 1444. He studied at Padua under Bartolomeo Cipolla and Marcus Musurus, and took his doctor's degree in 1465. In 1469 he married his first wife, the noblewoman Beatrice Costabili, in Ferrara. Collenuccio served as a diplomat and civic official for numerous Italian city-states: the Bentivoglio appointed him giudice to the Disco dell'orso in Bologna (1473–1474); he later rose to the position of procuratore generale in Pesaro for the Sforza, but was dismissed when Giovanni Sforza succeeded in 1483. In 1490, upon the invitation of Lorenzo de' Medici, he served as Podestà of Florence. After a brief employment as Podestà of Mantua, Collenuccio transferred permanently to Ferrara in 1491 with his second wife Lauretta. Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara valued his diplomatic skills and employed him on sensitive missions to Pope Alexander VI (1494) and Cesare Borgia (1500). Pandolfo became an object of suspicion to Giovanni Sforza, who accused him of a secret correspondence with Casare Borgia, and had him thrown into prison. He was executed in Pesaro by decapitation on 11 June 1504.
| 2.375
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74342515
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Kentucky%20Hoard
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Great Kentucky Hoard
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The Great Kentucky Hoard is a hoard of more than 700 gold coins unearthed in an undisclosed part of Kentucky, United States, in the 2020s by a man on his own land. The finder of the hoard has remained anonymous.
There were a total of more than 800 Civil War–era coins, of which over 700 were gold coins. The Numismatic Guaranty Company (NGC), a coin-certifying company, put the coins in coin slabs . The website GovMint sold the coins.
Background
The coins were found in a cornfield in Kentucky sometime before 2023; the exact location was not revealed. The person who found the hoard requested anonymity and sources say that he is a man. Many of the coins were found in the ground with pieces of a cloth bag and one of the coins was damaged from farm equipment. There were a total of 800 Civil War–era coins in the hoard and 700 of them were gold coins.
History
The date on the latest coins of the hoard was 1863. In May 1861 the Kentucky Legislature passed a Declaration of Neutrality which was violated many times soon after. Amongst such incursions, many wealthy residents at the time were rumored to bury their savings, to prevent it from being confiscated by the Confederates. Such significant caches alleged to be hidden included $80,000 worth of gold by resident William Pettit of Lexington (), along with James Langstaff, who wrote a letter mentioning a cache worth $20,000 in Paducah ().
Ryan McNutt, a conflict archaeologist from Georgia Southern University opined that, based on the dating of the hoard, the cache was buried in advance of Morgan's Raid, a major offensive through Kentucky into the Midwest by Confederate general John Hunt Morgan in June–July 1863, concurrent to that of Gettysburg and Vicksburg.
Authentication and composition
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74342851
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20monsoon
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Australian monsoon
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During the "active" phase or "bursts", large regions of cloud and rain are formed, where there is a constant northwesterly wind on the north area of the trough, alongside heavy rainfall on the land, which last from about four to eight weeks. An inactive phase or "breaks" is when the monsoon trough diminishes and withdraws to the north of Australia, although light winds, sporadic showers and thunderstorm activity may occur. Later than normal monsoon arrivals, and drier ones, are generally associated with El Niño conditions in the Pacific, while La Niña is mostly associated with an early monsoon season and wetter ones as well. The monsoon's thickness is normally less than 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) over the sea and 2,000–2,500 metres (6,600–8,200 feet) over the land.
Although the northern Australian monsoonal bursts peak between mid-November and mid-December, they can extend well into March. The Australian monsoon rainfall variability (AUMRV) has a similar ratio in rainfall over much of the country, going as far south as the southern Murray–Darling Basin. About 28% of inter-annual AUMRV is linked with oceanic irregularity in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. Moreover, compared to the Asian, African and North American monsoonal regions, the AUM seems to possess the highest variation, as it is linked to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, especially over northeastern Australia.
Effects
The monsoon seasons are generally associated with overcast conditions, extended periods of heavy rain, episodic thunderstorms and fresh to strong squally winds, which frequently lead to flooding in affected areas in the Northern Territory, northern Western Australia and northern Queensland. Most of the fresh water for the sparsely populated northern Australia comes from the Australian monsoonal rains.
| 3.015625
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74343252
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferecrystals
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Ferecrystals
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Ferecrystals (FCs) are a class of layered materials consisting of atomically thin layers of a transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) stacked alternately with metal monochalcogenide layers.
Introduction
The general formula of ferecrystals is [(MX)1+δ]m[TX2]n, where X is Se or Te, M a metal, T a transition metal, and δ represents the crystallographic misfit between the MX and TX2 layers. Ferecrystals are characterized by turbostratic disorder, which refers to an apparently random rotation of MX and TX2 layers around their crystallographic c-axes and between grains within the layer plane, while maintaining parallel c-axes to the stacking direction. Despite the disorder, continuous layers of composition TX2 and MX are usually maintained across grain boundaries throughout the ferecrystal sample. The name "ferecrystals" comes from the Latin word "fere," meaning "almost," referring to the turbostratic disorder and grain-like structure.
Growth
Ferecrystals can be prepared using the Modulated Elemental Reactants (MER) method. Developed by David C. Johnson and his team at the University of Oregon, this technique allows for the creation of ferecrystals of arbitrary n and m, unlike commonly used synthesis techniques.
The MER method involves physical vapor deposition (PVD) of individual monoatomic layers followed by annealing of the deposited precursors. During annealing, self-assembly of the amorphous precursors takes place, resulting in crystallization within the layer plane. This non-epitaxial growth method leads to the formation of abrupt interfaces and in-plane crystallinity and enables nearly arbitrary stacking sequences of transition metal dichalcogenides and metal mono chalcogenides.
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74343664
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italians%20in%20the%20United%20States%20before%201880
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Italians in the United States before 1880
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Born in the Republic of Genoa, Columbus was a navigator who sailed in search of a westward route to India, China, Japan and the Spice Islands thought to be the East Asian source of spices and other precious oriental goods obtainable only through arduous overland routes. Columbus was partly inspired by 13th-century Italian explorer Marco Polo in his ambition to explore Asia. His initial belief that he had reached "the Indies" has resulted in the name "West Indies" being attached to the Bahamas and the islands of the Caribbean. At the time of Columbus's voyages, the Americas were inhabited by Indigenous Americans, and Columbus later participated in the beginning of the Spanish conquest of the Americas.
Another Italian, John Cabot ( ), together with his son Sebastian, explored the eastern seaboard of North America for Henry VII in the early 16th century. The historian Alwyn Ruddock worked on Cabot and his era for 35 years. She suggested that Cabot and his expedition successfully returned to England in the spring of 1500. She claimed their return followed an epic two-year exploration of the east coast of North America, south into the Chesapeake Bay area and perhaps as far as the Spanish territories in the Caribbean. Her evidence included the well-known world map of the Spanish cartographer Juan de la Cosa. His chart included the North American coast and seas "discovered by the English" between 1497 and 1500.
The Cabot Project at the University of Bristol was organized in 2009 to search for the evidence on which Ruddock's claims rest, as well as to undertake related studies of Cabot and his expeditions. The lead researchers on the project, Evan Jones and Margaret Condon, claim to have found further evidence to support aspects of Ruddock's case, including some of the information she intended to use to argue for a successful return of the 1498 expedition to Bristol. These appear to place John Cabot in London by May 1500, although Jones and Condon have yet to publish their documentation.
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74343664
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italians%20in%20the%20United%20States%20before%201880
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Italians in the United States before 1880
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In 1833, Lorenzo Da Ponte, formerly Mozart's librettist, and a naturalized U.S. citizen, founded the first opera house in the United States, the Italian Opera House in New York City, which was the predecessor of the New York Academy of Music and of the New York Metropolitan Opera. He was the first professor of Italian literature at Columbia University, and with Manuel Garcia, the first to introduce Italian opera to America. Da Ponte was also a close friend of Mozart and Casanova.
Missionaries of the Jesuit and Franciscan orders were active in many parts of America. Italian Jesuits founded numerous missions, schools and two colleges in the west. Giovanni Nobili founded the Santa Clara College (now Santa Clara University) in 1851. The St. Ignatius Academy (now University of San Francisco) was established by Anthony Maraschi in 1855. The Italian Jesuits also laid the foundation for the wine-making industry that would later flourish in California. In the east, the Italian Franciscans founded hospitals, orphanages, schools, and the St. Bonaventure College (now St. Bonaventure University), established by Panfilo da Magliano in 1858.
In 1837, John Phinizy (Finizzi) became the mayor of Augusta, Georgia. Samuel Wilds Trotti of South Carolina was the first Italian American to serve in the United States House of Representatives. Born in Barnwell, South Carolina, Trotti attended the common schools. He graduated from South Carolina College (now University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1832. He studied law and was admitted to the bar. He served in the Seminole War. Trotti served as member of the State house of representatives from 1840 to 1841 from 1852 to 1855. He was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Sampson H. Butler and served from December 17, 1842, to March 3, 1843.
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74343932
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezinsky%20Biosphere%20Reserve
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Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve
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In 1979, Berezinsky was granted the status of a biosphere reserve. In 1993, the Council of Europe included it in the network of biogenetic reserves, and in 1995 awarded it with the European Diploma for successful work on the conservation of biodiversity and natural complexes. The diploma is awarded for a period of 5 years, and the reserve has been successfully evaluated in the future and has been awarded a renewal of the diploma in 2000, 2005, and 2010.
Berezinskiy Biosphere Reserve became a Ramsar site in 2010. As of 2019, the Reserve leads conservation, scientific, environmental education, tourism and commercial activities. The Reserve has received a certificate of compliance with the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and is engaged in logging and timber processing business.
Landscapes
The marshes of the Reserve cover an area of more than 520 km2, which makes it one of the largest marshlands in Europe. The predominant type is fen (more than 54.5%), 35.3% are midland bogs, 10.3% are raised. The Berezina river flows through the reserve for 100 km, fed by more than 50 small tributaries. In its basin there are four large interconnected lakes: Olshitsa, Plavno, Manets, Domzheritskoe, as well as many smaller lakes.
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74343932
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezinsky%20Biosphere%20Reserve
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Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve
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Biodiversity
Berezinskiy is a home to many species of plants and animals, some of which are listed in the Red Book. In total, 56 species of animals, 237 species of birds, 10 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, and 34 species of fish are registered in the Reserve. All of the ‘Big European Five’ (biggest mammals) live here: European bison, brown bear, moose, Eurasian lynx. Other animals registered in Berezinsky are Eurasian beaver, Eurasian otter, European badger, among birds — Osprey, black stork, short-toed snake eagle, common crane, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, Eurasian eagle-owl, peregrine falcon, willow ptarmigan, Eurasian three-toed woodpecker. The reserve has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports significant populations of many bird species.
In 1954 the American mink was introduced into the reserve, and in 1956 started the work on acclimatization of the red deer. The flora of the Reserve holds more than 50% of the total diversity of the Belorussian flora. There are 813 species of vascular plants, 216 species of mosses, 261 species of lichens, and 464 species of fungi. The main forest-forming tree species are birch, alder, aspen, oak, Fraxinus, etc. The world of insects in the reserve is represented by 33 species of aquatic true bugs from 10 families. By 2006, 4 alien animal species and at least 30 invasive plant species had been detected in the reserve.
Tourism
Berezinskiy Biosphere Reserve is one of the leading ecotourism centres in Belarus, with more than a third of its income coming from tourism. The visitors are offered a variety of trails, education programmes, and festivals. The infrastructure includes a network of hiking and cycling routes, research stations. and several museums. In 2019, the reserve has received 57,000 tourists. Depending on the season, brown bears, Lyrurus, elks and deers can be observed in the wild.
| 2.75
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74344141
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%20Harod
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En Harod
|
En Harod (), or the Spring of Harod, is the name for a water source in the story of Gideon in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Judges. It is the location where Gideon's forces set up their camp ahead of battling the Midianites. There is no consensus about its location, in spite of the name being used in modern Israel in connection with a spring (Ma'ayan Harod, "Harod Spring") and valley (Harod Valley) on the northern side of Mount Gilboa.
Biblical usage
En Harod is mentioned in a single instance in the Hebrew Bible, in connection with a story concerning Gideon in the Judges (7:1):
Gideon subsequently divides these 300 men into three companies and takes them across the River Jordan to fight the Midianites.
The tale is typically presented by scholars as having been added by the Deuteronomistic editor to an original, diminutive story to explain the reduction in the number of warriors to 300 men that ultimately secured victory over a Midianite group.
Israel Finkelstein and Oded Lipschits have alternatively opined that the reduction in Gideon's forces was part of the original story "told in a fairytale-like ambiance typical of the heroic stories in Judges".
The following verses present this selection as a divine test and divine promise that Gideon will prevail over the Midianites. These verses are also viewed as the work of the Deuteronomistic editor.
Meaning and use of "Harod"
The name "Harod" in En Harod is sometimes translated literally into a descriptor, making the name the "spring of trembling (or anxiety)", which may be a toponym that the biblical narrator used "as a literary illusion to the fear and anxiety of the warriors".
The name "Harod" is also mentioned separately two other times in the Hebrew Bible as the home of Shammah the Harodite and Elika the Harodite, but "there is no connection between this town and the spring in the Gideon story".
Possible locations
Several possible candidates for the location of En Harod have been suggested.
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74344566
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven%20Backlund
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Sven Backlund
|
Sven Einar Backlund (31 May 1917 – 20 September 1997) was a Swedish diplomat. He was the ambassador of Sweden to Yugoslavia, European Economic Community and West Germany. He also served as the permanent representative of Sweden at the Council of Europe.
Early life and education
Backlund was born on 31 May 1917 in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of Sven Backlund, an editor, and his wife Herta (née Bergström). His father was a social democratic figure and worked for the Gothenburg-based news magazine Ny Tid as a foreign editor in the 1940s.
Backlund obtained his university degree in 1936. He founded the Social Democratic student club at Stockholm University College. He received a master's degree in politics in 1942.
Career and activities
Following his graduation Backlund joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1942. He worked as an attaché at the Swedish embassies in the USA until 1946 and in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1947. He was the secretary of legation in Norway from 1947 to 1949 and in the US from 1951 to 1955. Backlund was named as the head of the press office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1955 and remained in office until 1961. He served as the councilor of mission in Belgrade between 1961 and 1964, becoming ambassador to Yugoslavia in 1963. He was the consul general in Berlin from 1964 to 1968. Backlund mediated secret meetings between Willy Brandt, then Mayor of West Berlin, and Pyotr Abrasimov, ambassador of Soviet Union to East Germany, which were held at the Swedish Embassy in Berlin in November 1966.
| 2.171875
| 0
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69751632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohini%20Ramachandran
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Sohini Ramachandran
|
Sohini Ramachandran is professor at Brown University known for her work in evolutionary biology and population genetics.
Early life and education
Ramachandran's parents were both professors. In the summer before her senior year of high school, Ramachandran completed a research project in plant genomics under the guidance of Marcus Feldman, which won her the fourth place prize in the 1998 Westinghouse Science Talent Search, where when she was the youngest finalist in the group. Ramachandran earned a B.S. from Stanford University in 2002. She went on to complete a Ph.D. at Stanford University in the Department of Biological Sciences, advised by Marcus Feldman. Her dissertation research was dissertation was titled "The signature of historical migrations on human population genetic data." Following her PhD, she was in the Harvard Society of Fellows as a postdoctoral researcher with John Wakeley in Harvard University's Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology. She moved to Brown University in 2010 and was promoted to professor in 2021. In 2019, she was a fellow at the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study.
Research
Ramachandran's research group uses statistical and mathematical modeling techniques to study evolutionary biology and population genetics. Her early research examined the genetic relationships originating within people from Africa, where she showed that diversity decreases as distance from Africa increases. She has also investigated the use of genetic tools to track infectious diseases and shown that while more outbreaks are occurring, fewer people are getting infected. She has also shown a lack of genetic evidence for selection for language at the FOXP2 site.
Selected publications
| 2.46875
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69752694
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Butlin
|
Roger Butlin
|
Roger Kenneth Butlin is a British evolutionary biologist and professor at the University of Sheffield. He is known for his work on speciation. He served as Editor of Heredity from 2009 to 2012, and President of the European Society for Evolutionary Biology from 2013 to 2015. In 2015 he received the Darwin Wallace Medal.
Education and career
Butlin obtained his PhD in 1983 from the University of Nottingham working in the lab of Tom Day. Butlin then took a postdoctoral position in Godfrey Hewitt's lab for two years at the University of East Anglia In 1987 Butlin took a Royal Society Research Fellowship position at the University of Wales in Cardiff. In 1992 he became a lecturer at the University of Leeds and from 1994 as reader for evolutionary biology. He is now a professor at the University of Sheffield and University of Gothenburg.
Work
Butlin's work is concerned with understanding the genetics of speciation, focusing on reproductive isolation. As a model system, he examines insects and their acoustic and chemical signals, the inheritance of signal characteristics and female preferences. Besides insects, he also studies speciation and adaptation in periwinkles (Littorina). His work has contributed greatly to our current understanding of Ecological speciation.
Selected publications
"What do we need to know about speciation?", Trends Ecol Evol
"Reinforcement: an idea evolving", Trends Ecol Evol
"The costs and benefits of sex: new insights from old asexual lineages." Nature Reviews Genetics
"Variation in female mate preference across a grasshopper hybrid zone."Journal of Evolutionary Biology
"Coupling, Reinforcement, and Speciation".The American Naturalist
"Male spermatophore investment increases female fecundity in a grasshopper. Evolution
"A framework for comparing processes of speciation in the presence of gene flow." Molecular Ecology
| 2.515625
| 0
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69753065
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance%20Porter%20Uzelac
|
Constance Porter Uzelac
|
Constance Porter Uzelac (1939–2012), also known as Coni Porter Uzelac, was a medical librarian and archivist in the United States. She was the Executive Director of the Dorothy Porter Wesley Research Center. She is the daughter of Dorothy Porter Wesley and James Amos Porter, and assisted Wesley with writing many books. She also worked on cataloging all of her mother's works that were housed at the African American Library and Research Center. The catalog for her father was a part of the James A. Porter: From Me To You exhibition that was shown at various galleries across the United States.
Career
Born in Washington D.C., Uzelac earned a degree in library studies and worked as a medical librarian for most of her life. After the death of her stepfather in 1987, she and her husband left their home in California to be close to her mother Dorothy in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. At the time, Dorothy Porter was working on organizing her sources on William Cooper Nell in order to write a comprehensive biography on him. Uzelac stepped in to help with the research, at first temporarily and then as a permanent co-author for the project.
Then, when her mother died in 1995, Uzelac moved the full collection of archived materials owned by her parents first to a studio in Washington D.C. and then to an apartment in Fort Lauderdale, with the collection originally being contained in 720 separate boxes. The collection that Uzelac curated included not only manuscripts and cookbooks from African-American slaves and servants, but also non-literary materials such as paintings, sculptures, carvings, and quilts. They were especially noted by historian Charles L. Blockson because the pieces in Uzelac's collection often contained signatures of authenticity.
| 2.375
| 0
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69753568
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Goldie%20%28physician%29
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William Goldie (physician)
|
The Sir John and Lady Eaton Professorship and Chair of Medicine
In 1918, Goldie persuaded two of his patients, Sir John and Lady Eaton, to donate $500,000 to establish the first endowed chair at the University of Toronto, and the first full-time Chair in Clinical Medicine in what was then the British Empire. Having declined the position himself, Goldie insisted that the position should be occupied by a younger physician rather than someone with an established reputation. That same year, Goldie travelled to Basingstoke where he met Dr. Duncan Archibald Graham at the No. 4 General Hospital there. Of Graham, Goldie wrote to Sir John that "he is not only respected but liked even though he is an exacting task-master." Graham became the first Sir John and Lady Eaton Professor of Medicine and Chair of the Department of Medicine. Subsequent Chairs have included Ray F. Farquharson (1947-1960), Charles H. Hollenberg (1970-1981), and Wendy Levinson (2004-2014).
Retirement
Goldie retired from the University of Toronto in 1929, continuing his private practice until 1947. He died from lung cancer in 1950, and his funeral was held at Convocation Hall. Of his death, Duncan Graham said: "He was a wonderful man. He retired when he did only to give younger men a chance for advancement."
Honors
In 1945, an anonymous donor established The William Goldie Prize and Travel Award at the University of Toronto, which is rewarded annually and consists of a commemorative certificate and travel grant.
| 2.234375
| 0
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69753691
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-1708b
|
Kepler-1708b
|
Kepler-1708b (previously known as KIC 7906827.01) is a Jupiter-sized exoplanet orbiting the Sun-like star Kepler-1708, located in the constellation of Cygnus approximately 5,600 light years away from Earth. It was first detected in 2011 by NASA's Kepler mission using the transit method, but was not identified as a candidate planet until 2019. In 2021, a candidate Neptune-sized exomoon in orbit around Kepler-1708b was found by astronomer David Kipping and colleagues in an analysis using Kepler transit data. However, subsequent research has raised discrepancies about the possible existence of an exomoon, similar to that of Kepler-1625b, but even more recent research still find the existence of an exomoon likely.
Characteristics
Mass and radius
Kepler-1708b is a gas giant planet slightly smaller than Jupiter in size, with a radius of 0.89 Jupiter radii. The mass of the planet remains yet to be measured; precise analysis of its transit timings place a 2-sigma upper limit of <4.6 Jupiter masses. This mass upper limit predicts a maximum radial velocity amplitude of <—although within reach of the most precise spectrographs available, the faintness of Kepler-1708b's host star would make observations difficult.
Orbit and temperature
Kepler-1708b orbits about 1.64 astronomical units from its host star and completes one revolution every , comparable to the orbit of Mars in the Solar System. At this distance, Kepler-1708b lies within the habitable zone of its host star, where it receives an insolation flux times that of Earth at a relatively cool equilibrium temperature of . The eccentricity of its orbit is unmeasured and is given a 2-sigma upper limit of <0.40.
| 2.53125
| 0
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69753744
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20Jackson%20%28epidemiologist%29
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Rod Jackson (epidemiologist)
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Rodney Thornton Jackson (born 1954) is a New Zealand medically trained epidemiologist who has had lead roles in publicly funded research focussing on systems to effectively identify risk factors in the epidemiology of chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This involved linking large cohort studies to regional and national electronic health databases and enabling the generation of new risk-prevention equations using web-based tools, such as the PREDICT model, to implement, monitor and improve risk assessment and management guidelines. Research on asthma in which Jackson participated influenced decisions made by the New Zealand Ministry of Health, and he has contributed to public debate on dietary risk factors for heart attacks and strokes. Following an evidence-based approach to identification of disparities in medical outcomes for different groups within the New Zealand population, Jackson took a position on racism in the medical sector. In 2020, he became a frequent commentator in the media on the approach of the New Zealand government to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 1999, Jackson has been professor of epidemiology at the University of Auckland.
| 2.09375
| 0
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69753744
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20Jackson%20%28epidemiologist%29
|
Rod Jackson (epidemiologist)
|
Jackson was involved in research in 2021 that assessed the value of a machine learning-based risk approach for cardiovascular disease risk prediction across the national population of New Zealand. The study concludes that the deep learning models performed well in terms of calibration and discrimination of the probability estimate, are readily available and "could be applied to large health administrative datasets to derive interpretable CVD risk prediction equations that are more accurate than traditional Cox proportional hazards models."
He took part in Research funded by Health Research Council of New Zealand, National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and Healthier Lives National Science Challenge, which focused on predicting cardiovascular risk in middle-aged adults with diabetes. A paper he co-authored, suggests that internationally doctors might be unnecessarily administering expensive drug treatments to patients with diabetes due to "over-estimating patients' risks of cardiovascular problems such as heart disease and stroke...[and that] these findings have clear international implications as increased diabetes screening will lead to the identification of many people with asymptomatic diabetes who were at low risk.
Jackson commented that "for the first time, general practitioners here are able to use risk prediction equations developed in New Zealand and derived from New Zealand patients,...[and]...these are currently the most accurate equations in the world for predicting risk of heart attacks and strokes in people with diabetes."
| 2.03125
| 0
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69753744
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20Jackson%20%28epidemiologist%29
|
Rod Jackson (epidemiologist)
|
Debate about dietary risk factors for CVD
Jackson commented in 2002 on what were being perceived at the time as 'mixed messages' about alcohol and the risk of heart attacks. In the Newsletter of the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, Jackson noted that there was evidence of a link of light-to-moderate drinking to a reduced risk of CVD, but cautioned that "drinking alcohol is always a balance between benefits and harm...[and]...the benefit is only to those people whose risk of heart attack and stroke is high enough to significantly gain from having the risk lowered, and this falls into a certain age range...In general, men have to be over 45 to 50 and women over 55 to 60 to get more health benefits than harm from drinking." Jackson subsequently published a paper in 2005 entitled Alcohol and ischaemic heart disease: probably no free lunch which concluded that "Any coronary protection from light to moderate drinking will be very small and unlikely to outweigh the harms. While moderate to heavy drinking is probably coronary-protective, any benefit will be overwhelmed by the known harms. If so, the public-health message is clear. Do not assume there is a window in which the health benefits of alcohol are greater than the harms— there is probably no free lunch."
| 1.96875
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69759774
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20in%20climate%20change
|
2022 in climate change
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18 July: a study in Global Change Biology shows that climate change-related exceptional marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea during 2015–2019 resulted in widespread mass sealife die-offs in five consecutive years.
8 August: a study published in Nature Climate Change found that 58% of infectious diseases confronted by humanity have been at times aggravated by climatic hazards, and that empirical cases revealed 1,006 unique pathways in which climatic hazards led to pathogenic diseases.
22 August: a study published in The Cryosphere estimated that 51.5 ±8.0% of Swiss glacier volume was lost between 1931 and 2016, finding that low-elevation, high-debris-cover, and gently sloping glacier termini are conducive to particularly high mass losses.
1 September: a study published in Nature estimated the social cost of carbon (SCC) to be $185 per tonne of —3.6 times higher than the U.S. government's then current value of $51 per tonne.
3 September: for the first time on record, temperatures at the summit of the Greenland ice sheet exceeded the melting point in September.
29 September: a study published in Science reported that the Arctic Ocean experienced acidification rates three to four times higher than in other ocean basins, attributing the acidification to reduced sea ice coverage on a decadal time scale. Reduced sea ice coverage exposes seawater to the atmosphere and promotes rapid uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, leading to sharp declines in pH.
29 September: A study published in Science adds to the accumulating research showing that oil and gas industry methane emissions are much larger than thought.
5 October: a study published by World Weather Attribution concluded that, for the Northern Hemisphere extratropics in 2022, human-induced climate change made drought 20 times worse for root zone soil moisture, and 5 times worse for surface soil moisture.
| 2.671875
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69759774
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20in%20climate%20change
|
2022 in climate change
|
28 April: a study published in Science cited ocean warming and oxygen depletion, and concluded that "under business-as-usual global temperature increases, marine systems are likely to experience mass extinctions on par with past great extinctions based on ecophysiological limits alone", with polar species at highest risk.
9 May: a World Meteorological Organization update stated that there is a 50:50 chance of the annual average global temperature temporarily reaching 1.5 °C above pre-industrial level for at least one of the ensuing five years; in 2015 that probability was estimated as "close to zero".
16 May: a study published in GeoHealth concluded that eliminating energy-related fossil fuel emissions in the United States would prevent 46,900–59,400 premature deaths each year and provide $537–$678 billion in benefits from avoided PM2.5-related illness and death.
20 May: a study published in One Earth concluded that rising temperatures will continue to shorten sleep, primarily through delayed onset, increasing the probability of insufficient sleep and impacting human functioning, productivity, and health. Those living in warmer climates were found to lose more sleep per degree of temperature rise, and elderly, women, with residents of lower-income countries being most impacted.
12 August: a study published in Science Advances stated that climate-caused changes in atmospheric rivers affecting California has already doubled the likelihood of megafloods—which can involve of rain and/or melted snow in the mountains per month, or of snow in the Sierra Nevada—and runoff in a future extreme storm scenario is predicted to be 200 to 400% greater than historical values in the Sierra Nevada.
| 2.75
| 0
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69759824
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophiocharon%20trisignatus
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Lophiocharon trisignatus
|
Lophiocharon trisignatus, the spot-tail anglerfish, rough anglerfish or three-spot frogfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region.
Taxonomy
Lophiocharon trisignatus was first formally described as Chironectes trisignatus by the Scottish naval surgeon, Arctic explorer and naturalist John Richardson in the Ichthyology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus & Terror :under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., with its type locality given as Broome, Western Australia. In 1933 Gilbert Percy Whitley described a new species of fish Lophiocharon broomensis, also from Broome, which he designated as the type species of a new monospecific genus, Lophiocharon. Whitley's L. broomensis is now considered to be a synonym of Richardson's C. trisignatus. Some authorities classify Lophiocharon in the subfamily Histiophryninae within the family Antennariidae., while others recognise it as the family Histiophrynidae. However, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Antennariidae, classifying the family within the suborder Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes.
Etymology
Lophiocharon trisignatus has the genus name Lophiocharon, which Richardson did not explain. It is thought to be a combination of Lophius, the type genus of the order Lophiiformes, and may be being used as a general term for anglerfishes, with Charon, the ferryman who ferried the dead across the Styx. The specific name, trisin=gnatus means "marked three times", an allusion to the three spots on the sides of some specimens.
| 2.25
| 0
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69760524
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust%20humor
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Holocaust humor
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Chaya Ostrower recognized three major categories of jokes in the book of interviews, Without Humor We Would Have Committed Suicide: self-humor, black humor, and humor about food. She noticed that food jokes were unique for the Holocaust period.
Self-humour: One of the interviewees in Without Humor... was telling about their hair being cut upon arrival to Auschwitz. Many women were crying, but she started laughing. When asked why, she answered that never in her life had she had a hairdo for free.
Black humor was a means of reducing anxiety of the awareness of death. An example well-known in Warsaw: "Moishe, why are you using soap with so much fragrance?" - "When they turn me into soap, at least I will smell good". Jokes about soap were in response to rumors which started circulating in 1942 about soap produced from the fat of the Jews. Other jokes of this kind: "See you again on the same shelf!" or "Don't eat much: the Germans will have less soap!"
Humor about food constituted about 7 percent of humor discussed in the study. The interviewees mention that there was lots of humor about food, because food was a common subject, because there was always not enough of it. An interviewee recalls: there was a group which liked to discuss recipes. Suddenly one of them lost her mood and stopped talking. "What's wrong with her?" - "I think her cake has burned".
The Holocaust-era archive clandestinely collected by a team led by Holocaust victim Emmanuel Ringelblum ("Ringelblum Archive") documented the everyday life in Nazi-organized Jewish ghettos, in particular, the Warsaw Ghetto. Among other things, the archive documented the humor perspective of the inhumane Jewish life. The archive includes jokes about Poles, Nazis, Hitler, Stalin, etc. A good deal of them were self-jokes about life, death, disease, hunger, and humiliation.
Joseph Wulf in "Vom Leben. Kampf und Tod im Ghetto Warsau" cites a number of black jokes from diaries of Warsaw ghetto residents, such as:
| 2.90625
| 0
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69760836
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astolfo%27s%20rail
|
Astolfo's rail
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Astolfo's rail (Gallirallus astolfoi) is an extinct species of flightless bird in the Rallidae, or rail family. It lived in Rapa Iti, one of the Bass Islands in French Polynesia.
History
This rail species was described in 2021 from a subfossil bone collected in 2002 by Atholl Anderson at the Tangarutu Cave site on the island of Rapa Iti in French Polynesia. Occupation of the cave likely dates back to between 1400 and 1600 CE. The species likely became extinct after human settlement on Rapa Iti, however there is little evidence that early human settlers ate small rails like the Astolfo's rail, as char marks were missing on the bones of rail skeletons. Despite the current lack of evidence, human predation is a proposed theory for the extinction of the Astolfo's rail. The species is believed to be either flightless or having reduced flight capacity, similar to other avians of the Rallidae family.
Etymology
The specific epithet honors the fictional character Astolfo, who is one of Charlemagne's paladins in the Matter of France. In the epic Orlando Furioso, by Ludovico Ariosto, Astolfo becomes trapped on a remote island because of the sorceress Alcina.
| 2.578125
| 0
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69761419
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasios%20Nyfadopoulos
|
Anastasios Nyfadopoulos
|
Anastasios Nyfadopoulos (; born 22 May 1992) is a Greek interdisciplinary artist whose work is particularly known for exploring the themes of interconnectivity and perpetual change. He has exhibited his work in numerous exhibitions in Greece and abroad. One of his most notable works, the sculpture "Crisis", became known as the first public sculpture referring to the reverberations of the socio-economic crisis on humanity.
Artworks
Nyfadopoulos has shown his work at exhibitions in various European countries, in particular in Greece, Spain and United Kingdom. In an interview given to the Greek newspaper Naftemporiki, Nyfadopoulos said: "Thousands of fibers intertwine together in my sculpture, creating an optimized single body. Any single fiber cannot withstand significant pressure, but thousands of fibers can, due to the synergy they create. The new body has new and superior properties than the sum of the parts. It is the same with us humans, and the realization of this by a critical mass will radically change humanity. With steady steps we move forward and up; every adversity we overcome with love. Love drives me to create the new right now."
Sculpture "Crisis"
The sculpture "Crisis", created by Nyfadopoulos, is the first public sculpture worldwide to refer to the reverberations of the socioeconomic crisis on humanity and the significant accelerating increase in the suicide rate in Greece since the beginning of the crisis, as reported by the Hellenic Statistical Authority. This is one of his most notable works. The artwork depicts a financial index sloping downwards, crashing its base, and a human figure on the index ready to jump. Two left-footed shoes on its base hint at the fall. Whether the human is jumping to end his life or to start a new one, depends on the observer. The sculpture is 6.8 meters long, 3.4 meters wide, and 3.7 meters high. It was made of modern materials such as carbon fibre.
| 2.1875
| 0
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69761446
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Keys%20of%20Middle-earth
|
The Keys of Middle-earth
|
The second part of the book is introduced with a brief chapter, "The Editions", on the approach taken and the selection of medieval texts paired with episodes from Tolkien's writings. The body of this part, named "The Texts", offers mainly short excerpts from fourteen medieval literary works in the languages mentioned. Each section consists of a plot summary of the relevant part of Tolkien's story; an introduction to the medieval text; a discussion of Tolkien's use of the text, citing scholars such as Tom Shippey; and finally a text. This is a facing-page (parallel) text and a new, rather literal, line-by-line translation if it is Old English or Old Norse, or no translation but plentiful notes for Middle English.
For The Hobbit, the texts are Völuspá (Gandalf and the Dwarves), Vafþrúðnismál and Solomon and Saturn II (the riddle-game),
and Beowulf (Smaug the dragon). For The Lord of the Rings, the texts are
Sir Orfeo (the Elves at Rivendell);
The Ruin (Legolas's "Lament of the Stones"),
The Fight at Finnsburg and Cynewulf and Cyneheard (The Bridge of Khazad-dum),
Pearl (The Crossing of the Nimrodel),
Beowulf (Boromir's Death),
Maxims II (Treebeard's List),
The Wanderer and Beowulf (The Rohirrim),
The Battle of Maldon and Homily on the Maccabees (The Battle of the Pelennor Fields),
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Beowulf (The Landscape of Mordor), and The Seafarer (The Gray Havens).
The second edition has a similar structure, with the addition of a section on Túrin Turambar and its texts, the Kalevala and the Cowbone whistle; Eärendil and its text, Crist 1; two Old English riddles to add to Bilbo and Gollum's riddle game; and Jordanes' Getica to add to the coverage of the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.
Reception
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69761704
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20L.%20Antonelli
|
Peter L. Antonelli
|
Peter Louis Antonelli (March 5, 1941 – February 15, 2020) was an American mathematician known for his work on mathematical biology, Finsler geometry, and their connections.
Overview
Antonelli was born on March 5, 1941, in Syracuse, New York, and became a student at Syracuse University, graduating in 1963. He completed a PhD at Syracuse University, with the 1966 dissertation Structure Theory for Montgomery-Samelson Fiberings Between Manifolds supervised by Erik Hemmingsen.
After a short period as assistant professor at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville from 1967 to 1968, and an NSF post-doctoral fellowship at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, from 1968 to 1970, he took a faculty position at the University of Alberta, Canada, where he stayed for the remainder of his career. In 2006, he moved to Brazil with his wife and colleague S.F. Rutz, where he was a visiting professor at Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife.
He died in 2020.
Contributions to mathematics
In his early years, Peter L. Antonelli's interests were focused on physics, especially general relativity. As a Ph.D. student, he studied mathematical objects such as special groups of diffeomorphisms and exotic spheres. After 1970, his interests shifted towards applied mathematics, especially applications of differential geometry to developmental biology, ecology, and genetics. As a visiting professor in the biology department at the University of Sussex in the early 1970s, he pursued interests that had developed from his work in the early 1960s as a United States Public Health Service Fellow in mathematical biology at the University of Chicago.
| 2.234375
| 0
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69762105
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C3%ADte%20of%20Monasterboice
|
Buíte of Monasterboice
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Crossing over Scotland, he reached the Irish Sea, and embarking arrived at Dalriada, in the north of the county of Antrim, the territory of the Cruthin, or Picts of Ireland, of the same race as those among whom he had been labouring. Here having raised the king's daughter from the dead, he received a gift of land, on which he built a church, and, leaving a disciple in charge, passed on, and proceeded to visit the nearest settlement of his relatives, the Cianachta ("primum solum Kyanacteorum"). There were two branches of the Cianachta, one situated near Dalriada, in that part of the north of the county of Londonderry now the barony of Keenaght, and who were known as the Cianachta of Glen Geimhin; the other, more to the south, in the present counties of Meath and Lowth, were called the Cianachta Breagh. It was to the former and nearest of these that Buíte now went, but the king, who was a gentilis (Latin: "heathen"), refused to receive him. Afterwards, however, he relented, and admitted him, when "he preached the word of salvation to the whole region, and baptised the king and all his household with many others." Here again he obtained a grant of land and built a monastery. His next journey was to the Cianachta of the south, where his brothers resided; after a brief visit to them he returned again to the north. Here he was admonished by an angel to settle in the "Bregensian land", that is the land of his southern relatives, and leaving Nechtan, the bishop, in charge of the monastery, probably at Dun-Geimhin (Dungiven), where a century and a half afterwards we find another Nechtan, he obeyed the call, and arriving at his destination was honourably received by the king.
Monasterboice
In course of time and under his auspices he erected Monasterboice, the Monastery of Buíte (called in the Annals by the Latin form of his name, Boëthius), in the south of the county of Louth. There also "he, with his company, shed blessings as a shower, and amended the lives of many."
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69762105
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C3%ADte%20of%20Monasterboice
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Buíte of Monasterboice
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From this as a centre other establishments were formed, and numerous pastors sent forth, and the writer of his Life adds: "It is impossible to give the full praises of the man."
Legacy
The death of Buíte took place on 7 December 521; and thirty years afterwards Saint Columba is said to have visited his tomb and enshrined his remains. The Latin word elevatio, which is that generally used for taking up and enshrining a saint's remains, has been misunderstood by the author of his Life, who took it to mean his ascension to heaven in the flesh. Columba afterwards consecrated a cemetery there. The place is called in Michael O'Clery's Martyrology of Donegal by the Irish name elaidh Indaraidh. But as Buíte's disciple, Nechtain, son of Saint Patrick's sister, Liamain, who seems to have been the person left by him at Glen Geimhin, had subsequently a monastery at Finnabhair or Findabhairabha, now Fennor-on-the-Boyne, it would seem that this is the place intended, and that elaidh Indaraidh stands for "Eillgheadh [Fh]mdabhairabha", "The tomb of the fair meadow on the river", which would therefore have been the burial-place of Saint Buíte.
The Annals have preserved the following distich referring to him:
And in the Calendar of Oengus he is thus noticed:
His name is interpreted by the scholiast on Oengus as "living to God", for unto God he was alone, referring to 2 Corinthians 5:15.
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69762319
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar%20al-Kiswa
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Dar al-Kiswa
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History
The workshop is located on the al-Khoronfesh street in the al-Gamaleya neighborhood of Cairo. It was founded in 1817 by Muhammad Ali Pasha, Egypt's Ottoman governor. Originally it was the Warshat al-Khoronfesh, a large complex employing around 4,000 craftsmen to make many kinds of textiles. The governor cancelled the existing endowment which drew funds from ten villages; from then on, the sacred textiles were funded directly from the Egyptian Treasury. By the 1880s, most of the complex had fallen in to disuse. The remaining part had been taken over by the government and dedicated to the production of textiles for the holy sites. It was then known as the Maslahat al-Kiswa al-Sharifa ("Department of the noble Kiswah"). In 1953 the workshop became part of the Egyptian Ministry of Endowments and its name changed to Dar al-Kiswa al-Sharifa ("House of the noble Kiswah").
Output
Sacred textiles of Islam
The Kaaba is the most sacred site in Islam. Its distinctive covering is assembled from various textile pieces, which are among the most sacred objects in Islamic art. The kiswah is the overall covering and the hizam is a belt circling it, about two thirds of the way up. The curtain over the door of the Kaaba is the sitara, also known as the burqu'''. The basic designs of the hizam and sitara changed infrequently from the 16th century to the present, although the colour schemes and embroidery details are changed from year to year so that no two sitaras are alike. The inscriptions are calligraphed on paper then embroidered in gold and silver wire. These include verses from the Quran and supplications to Allah, as well as the names of the rulers who commissioned the textiles. At an average of by , the sitara is assembled by sewing together four separate textile panels. The hizam is similarly assembled from eight panels (two for each wall of the Kaaba).
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69762358
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegfried%20Goldschmidt
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Siegfried Goldschmidt
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Siegfried Samson Goldschmidt (29 October 1844 – 31 January 1884) was a German Indologist. His interest was centered upon Prakrit grammar and vocabulary, and his articles formed valuable contributions to the investigation of middle Indo-Aryan languages.
Biography
Siegfried Goldschmidt was born in Cassel, Germany, the youngest child of Jewish court banker Philipp Samson Goldschmidt and his wife Minna (). After Philipp's death in 1846, Goldschmidt's mother married , with whom she had one child, lawyer (father of Hans Rothfels).
Goldschmidt was educated at the gymnasium in Cassel, before studying philosophy and (mostly Sanskrit) philology the Universities of Leipzig, Berlin, and Tübingen, graduating with a Ph.D. on 20 August 1867. His doctor's dissertation, "Der VII Prapâṭhaka des Sâmaveda-Ârcika in der Naigeya-Çakhâ Nebst Andern Mitteilungen über Dieselbe", published in the Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (1868, pp. 228–248), was an edition of the single portion which has been preserved of the Kâuthuma recension of the Samaveda. Goldschmidt continued his studies, first at Göttingen and later in Paris, where he gained a thorough mastery of the French language.
On the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War he returned to Germany and volunteered for military service. He took part in the Siege of Paris. At the close of the war Goldschmidt was appointed assistant professor in the newly Germanified University of Strasburg, with which he was connected during the remainder of his short life. He became professor on 12 September 1881, but soon had to discontinue his teaching activities as a result of spinal tuberculosis, which he contracted the previous summer. The illness progressed slowly until his death on 31 January 1884 at the age of 39.
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69762370
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20B.%20Jones
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Henry B. Jones
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Jones was recognized for his vitreographs, or etchings on glass. One reviewer noted that he had become a “specialist” in the medium. He exhibited two of them at the Print Club’s annual exhibit in 1932: “Masharia,” a study of a Black woman, and “Swamp Edge,” which showed his deftness with the medium, a reviewer wrote. At the club’s 1933 show, he exhibited “Elf Night,” and in 1934, “Got a Job.” Also in 1932, he showed a collection of vitreographs at the 135th Street Library show. He also showed them at a 1932 show at Warwick where they were reported to have caused a “sensation.”
In 1937, Jones spent some time in North Carolina and the Bahamas, and when he returned home, his traditionalist style of painting had changed. Two years later, he presented 11 works in oil at the Gallery of American Contemporary Art in Philadelphia from the North Carolina leg of that trip, including “Tired Fields After Rains” and “Sharecropper’s Cabin.” Artist Samuel J. Brown Jr., with whom he also often exhibited, had watercolors in the show.
In 1946, his work was shown in the fifth annual Atlanta University exhibition. He also participated in shows at the Pyramid Club in Philadelphia over several years. In 1948, he wrote the catalog’s foreword titled “The Pyramid Club Recognizes a Necessity.” His entry was a portrait of his son Perry in profile wearing a yellow coat against a soft green background. He also wrote the foreword for the 1949 catalog, noting that the focus that year was on expressionism. Another exhibitor that year was Samuel J. Brown Jr. He participated again in 1947 (along with Freelon) with “The Journey,” and in 1955 in its first annual fall show (its other shows were earlier in the year).
At a show sponsored by the Henry O. Tanner Memorial Fund at Wharton Settlement in Philadelphia in 1946, he donated three works to community groups: “Hollis” to the Children’s Aid Society, “In Contour” to the Galilee Mission and “Here We Go Zoodoe” to Wharton Settlement.
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