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78663061
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81kya%C5%9Bribhadra
|
Śākyaśribhadra
|
Śākyaśrībhadra (1127–1225 CE), also known as Śākyaśrī, was an Indian Buddhist monk and scholar who served as abbot of the monasteries of Nalanda and Vikramashila. He was the last abbot of Vikramashila prior to its destruction in the 13th century.
In addition to these positions he held, he also played an important role in the dissemination of the Sakya school in Tibet.
Biography
There are conflicting opinions regarding the year of Śākyaśrībhadra's birth with some sources saying 1127 CE and others pointing to a period around the 1140s. However, these sources agree that he was born in a location called Daśobharā in modern-day Kashmir. He is also mentioned as having a brother called Buddhacandra.
His education began at the age of 10 when he began to study grammar under a Brahmin named Lakṣmīdhara. By the age of 23, he was ordained as a Buddhist monk and given the monastic name of Subhadra.
When he was 30, he travelled to the region of Magadha in modern-day Bihar after receiving invitations from multiple monks including Ṥāntākaragupta, Daśabala, and Dhavaraka. Śākyaśrībhadra rose through the monastic ranks and eventually became the abbot of Nalanda monastery. After this, he also served as the abbot of the nearby monastery of Vikramashila. Notably, he was also the last abbot of Vikramashila and witnessed its destruction at the hands of invading Muslim troops at some time around 1193.
| 2.390625
| 0
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78663164
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPNO-Tau%2012
|
KPNO-Tau 12
|
KPNO-Tau 12 (also called 2MASS J0419012+280248) is a low-mass brown dwarf or free-floating planetary-mass object that is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, actively accreting material from it.
Discovery
KPNO-Tau 12 was identified in 2003 in data from a survey of the Taurus Molecular Clouds taken with a telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) and 2MASS. The object was observed with the MMT Observatory/Blue Channel spectrometer and with Keck/LRIS. KPNO-Tau 12 showed a spectral type of M9 and also showed strong Hydrogen-alpha emission. At the time its mass was estimated to be around 0.02 (or 21 ), which would make it a brown dwarf. Since then several works found that it likely has a mass near or below the deuterium-burning limit, which makes this object a low-mass brown dwarf or planetary-mass object (e.g. 14.6 , 13.6 , 6-7 , 16.5 , , ).
A few other free-floating planetary-mass objects are known in the Taurus Clouds. These include three other objects with possible disks around them.
Atmosphere
Observations with Keck/LRIS showed several absorption features. These are titanium oxide, calcium hydride, vanadium oxide, sodium and potassium. A spectrum with Keck/NIRSPEC was interpreted to be consistent with very low gravity. This is typical for young sources. Several re-classifications of the spectral type were made over the years. In 2013 it was re-classified as a M9.25. In 2018 it was re-classified as a L0.7, which could make this object an early L-dwarf. A spectrum observed with VLT/SINFONI was published in 2022, estimating a spectral type of M9.8.
| 2.328125
| 0
|
78663164
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPNO-Tau%2012
|
KPNO-Tau 12
|
Protoplanetary disk
KPNO-Tau 12 showed strongest H-alpha emission in both the MMT and Keck optical spectra. It also showed helium (He I) and calcium (Ca II IR triplet) emission in the Keck spectrum, which are usually seen in stars that undergo intense accretion of material from a surrounding protoplanetary disk. Additionally a Keck infrared spectrum shows a prominent emission line (see figure 10 of their work), which is described as Paschen β at 1.28 μm in the appendix of the paper. Paschen lines can be used as additional accretion indicators. In 2010 two works used observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope. These two works first identified infrared excess around KPNO-Tau 12 and classified it as a class II disk. A class II disk is composed of both a gaseous and a dusty part and belongs to the protoplanetary disks. Observation with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph showed that the silicate emission feature is likely missing. The dust mass of the disk was estimated to be or , depending on the work. The total (gas+dust) mass was estimated to be or , depending on the work. The dust temperature was estimated to be Kelvin and the dust grains are smaller than 27.5 millimeters.
| 2.25
| 0
|
78663254
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20hutchinsonii
|
Amastra hutchinsonii
|
Amastra hutchinsonii is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 24.5 mm, its diameter 7.3 mm
The shell is acuminately turrited, sinistral, and imperforate. It consists of 7 whorls that are flatly convex, coarsely and irregularly striated longitudinally, without any marginations. The sutures are somewhat rough but well-impressed. The aperture is ovate, approximately two-fifths the length of the shell. The columellar fold is slight, oblique, and tortuous. The shell is covered with an earthy brown epidermis, with the apex being darker in color. The aperture and columella are white and shining.
In Mauian specimens, the shell is typically rimate, rarely imperforate as previously described by W.H. Pease. The embryonic whorls are exquisitely costellate, with the riblets following the usual curved pattern. The later whorls display a coarse sculpture of uneven wrinkles. These whorls are covered with a thin, rusty or chestnut cuticle, under which a light yellow under-layer is exposed by wear on the wrinkles, often covered with blackish dirt. Beneath the cuticle, the shell itself is white. The columellar lamella is small and strongly oblique.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on Maui island.
| 2.015625
| 0
|
78663260
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aylostera%20deminuta
|
Aylostera deminuta
|
Aylostera deminuta, synonym Rebutia deminuta, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae, native to Bolivia and northwest Argentina. The exact delimitation of the species varies, but sources agree that it is a short cactus with ribbed stems and orange to red flowers.
Description
Like other members of the clade to which it belongs, Aylostera deminuta usually has fibrous rather than tuberous roots. Its flower parts are fused together, at least at the base. The scales on the pericarpels and receptacles are of the same colour as the receptacles, rather than being darker or having dark tips. The species has been described separately under a number of synonyms, including Rebutia deminuta, Rebutia pseudodeminuta and Rebutia simoniana. As R. deminuta, it is described as forming clumps, with individual ribbed stems about 2.5 cm across, and having deep orange-red flowers about 3 cm long and wide. Other forms are described as solitary, with larger stems (up to about 10 cm high) and somewhat larger flowers, which are orange or carmine red.
| 2.21875
| 0
|
78663492
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20kauaiensis
|
Amastra kauaiensis
|
Two distinct types of apex are observed. One is more pointed, with smoother, shinier horn-colored surfaces due to finer growth striations, and the dorsal outer sides are subtly rounded, possibly even featuring a slight shoulder on the first whorl in some specimens. The striae are not strictly parallel and may be somewhat irregular. The other type has more regular fold-like longitudinal growth bands from an early stage, with flatter dorsals in subsequent whorls.
The axis of the shell is tubular, with a notable contraction near each whorl's lower partition and a widening near the upper partition's connection. Thus, an umbilical orifice exists behind the reflexed columellar lip until the shell nears maturity, at which point it closes. In the last half-whorl, a callous lamella is superimposed just above the axis's basal contraction.
The shell remains angular at the periphery throughout post-embryonic growth. By the third or fourth whorl, a projecting peripheral keel forms, persisting to the aperture and strengthening with age. In adults, the aperture narrows significantly, especially in comparison to younger shells with fewer whorls. As the shell matures further, the body whorl drops below the keel, eventually narrowing laterally—a feature that appears earlier in some shells than in others.
The animal is quite small in relation to its shell, measuring slightly larger than the shell's diameter, but it is exceedingly narrow. The heavy shell is carried balanced on its back, and when crawling, the animal stretches its head as far forward as possible, fixing both ends of its body while the middle part contracts, thereby pulling the shell along.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on Kauai island.
| 2.546875
| 0
|
78664160
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%20Rhodius
|
Johannes Rhodius
|
Johannes Rhodius (born 1587 in Copenhagen, died February 24, 1659 in Padua) was the Latinized name of Hinne Rode, a Danish physician who worked mainly in Italy (distinct from 16th century Dutch humanist Hinne Rode).
Life
Johannes Rhodius was a son of the merchant and shipowner Helmer Rode. As a young man he attended the Herlufsholm School, in Næstved.
Around 1607 he traveled to England and Scotland. In London he met the poet-doctor Raphael Thorius. He spent the academic year 1610/1611 at the University of Copenhagen. Here he became friends with the physician, historian, and antiquary Ole Worm, who remained a constant correspondent throughout his life. From the winter semester of 1611/12 he was enrolled at the University of Wittenberg. In February 1612 he was a respondent to a disputation by the German educationalist Sigismund Evenius. In 1614 he went to the University of Marburg, in 1616 to the University of Giessen, in 1618 to the University of Basel and in 1619 to Heidelberg University. From 1620 to 1622 he practiced as a doctor in Copenhagen.
In 1622 he went to the University of Padua and received his doctorate in medicine. In 1625 he worked for a short time in Siena. After that he returned to Padua for good. After surviving the plague that raged in 1630 and closed the university for two years, he was offered a professorship in botany in 1632, combined with the management of Orto botanico di Padova. However, Rhodius declined.
Rhodius's house in Padua became a magnet for Danish and other foreign students. He maintained a pan-European network of friends and correspondents. There still exists 28 letters between him and Jesuit scholar and polymath Athanasius Kircher.
Advised by French librarian and scholar Gabriel Naudé, and benefiting from his proximity to the printing and book trade metropolis of Venice, he built up a significant private library. In 1631 he developed a plan to build a public library in Padua.
| 2.53125
| 0
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78664418
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bura%20and%20Hardwick
|
Bura and Hardwick
|
The puppets were fixed to a soft base with pins in between shots, which saved time as opposed to being screwed onto the animation table. In order to make sure that they would not be effected by the heat of the studio lights (as had happened during filming of Camberwick Green), later productions had further modifications made to the camera. As was utilised during the year-long production, certain props would be marked in ways that ensured they would be moved at a consistent level each shot. The episode PC McGarry features a smoke effect filmed in real-time, notable for the lack of motion for anything else in the sequence. This technique was further used in the first thirteen episodes of the 1972 stop motion version of the Toytown series.
Beginning in the mid-1970s, the studio devised a new technique: animating the background. A film would be reflected behind the puppets by a transit screen at a narrow angle, which necessitated another modification to the front camera. This was seen in various BBC Schools projects, including Bura and Hardwick's work for Words and Pictures. The term “stop motion” was originally the trademark of their company, Stop Motion Limited, referring to their productions. However, it became used to refer to all animation made using puppets moved by small increments, becoming perhaps better well known than the animators who coined it; a generic trademark.
At the request of Hardwick, Camberwick and the rest of the Trumptonshire trilogy was filmed in colour as opposed to black-and-white, requiring the first episode (Peter the Postman) to be reshot. This ensured a long period of repeats for the trilogy, in keeping with Bura's philosophy regarding their work together:
| 2.078125
| 0
|
78665348
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecistocephalus%20japonicus
|
Mecistocephalus japonicus
|
Mecistocephalus japonicus is a species of soil centipede in the family Mecistocephalidae. This centipede is notable for featuring 63 or 65 pairs of legs rather than the 49 leg pairs usually observed in the genus Mecistocephalus. This centipede is one of only a few species in the genus Mecistocephalus or in the family Mecistocephalidae with more than 55 leg pairs. This centipede is also one of only a few species in this family to exhibit any variation in leg number among specimens. This species is found from the island of Honshu in Japan to Taiwan.
Discovery and taxonomy
This species was first described in 1886 by the Danish zoologist Frederik V.A. Meinert. He based the original description of this species on a female holotype with 63 pairs of legs found on the island of Kyushu in Japan. The type material is deposited in the Zoological Museum of University of Copenhagen in Denmark.
In 1895, the British zoologist Reginald I. Pocock described M. mirandus as a new species with 65 pairs of legs. He based the original description of this species on two specimens (one male and one female). These syntypes were found in Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan and are deposited in the Natural History Museum in London.
In 1934, the German zoologist Karl W. Verhoeff described M. fenestratus as a new species with 63 pairs of legs. He based the original description of this species on a single male specimen. This specimen was found near Tokyo on the island of Honshu in Japan.
| 2.890625
| 0
|
78671718
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammad%20ibn%20Abi%20Sulayman
|
Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman
|
Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman (; died 737–8) was an early Kufan Muslim jurist who is best known for being the principal teacher of Abu Hanifa, the eponym of the Hanafi school of law.
Biography
The extant biographical information about Hammad is limited. It is known that he was a mawla (client) of the family of Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, a companion of Muhammad. His father was wealthy, allowing Hammad to dedicate himself solely to his legal studies. He became the student of Ibrahim al-Nakha'i in Kufa, who appears to have been his sole mentor in fiqh, although he also studied under al-Sha'bi and met Hasan al-Basri, Said ibn al-Musayyib and the companion Anas ibn Malik. He began issuing legal verdicts during al-Nakha'i's lifetime and inherited his halaqa (study circle) following his death in 714.
The jurisprudence of Hammad focused on ra'y and understanding the underlying causes ('illah) of rulings, following al-Nakha'i in this regard. Various accounts describe crowds mocking Hammad for his use of legal analogy (qiyas).
Abu Hanifa attended the halaqa of Hammad for eighteen to twenty years and eventually, due to his ability, was afforded the privilege of sitting directly in front of Hammad. The isnad of Abu Hanifa – Hammad – al-Nakha'i is regarded as the "golden Kufan chain". Hammad died in Kufa in 738. Abu Hanifa led his halaqa thereafter, and named his son Hammad in tribute to his teacher.
| 1.976563
| 0
|
78673392
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channing%20Hare
|
Channing Hare
|
Channing Weir Hare (1899–1976) was an American painter. He was born in New York and lived in Ogunquit, Maine and Palm Beach, Florida, where he was best known for his portraiture. He painted portraits of several notable public figures, including Cy Twombly, Booth Tarkington, Sally Rand, and Alexander Woollcott. Some of his other work was markedly influenced by the Surrealist movement. It has been suggested that the surrealist motifs in Hare's painting helped him to express himself as a gay man at a time when LGBTQ identities were marginalized.
Hare was a member of the Art Students League, where he studied under Robert Henri, George Bellows, and William Zorach. He later exhibited work at several distinguished galleries in New York (including the Metropolitan Museum of Art); Washington, D.C.; Pennsylvania; Florida; and elsewhere. In 2000, Yale University's Jonathan Edwards College included work by Hare in an exhibition titled Private Realisms: American Paintings 1934-1949. Works by Hare are held by the Ogunquit Museum of American Art, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the Figge Art Museum. Photographs of Hare are held by the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the RISD Museum.
Personal life
Hare had an intimate lifelong relationship with the painter Mountfort Coolidge until the latter's death in 1954. In 1920, the two opened a small antique shop together in Ogunquit.
Hare and Coolidge were also charitable and went on to donate several works of historical art to different museums, including two ancient Roman paintings currently held by the Worcester Art Museum; the Bennington Museum holds a collection of historical glassware and other objects of decorative art called the Channing Hare-Mountfort Coolidge Collection. Hare himself donated several items that are currently held by Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum.
Hare also adopted the American painter Stephen Hopkins Hensel.
| 2.171875
| 0
|
78674512
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Coimbra%20Fort
|
New Coimbra Fort
|
Just before the Paraguayan War, the fort's status was reported to the provincial president as follows: "In the 30th of the last month I arrived here from Fort Coimbra, to where I led the province's artillery battalion. Your Excellency will probably have received a memorandum regarding that Fort's condition, as well as other measures taken by the Hon. Sir Commander of Arms, who returned with me that same day; I must tell Your Excellency, nevertheless, that said Fort's state is unsatisfactory, but that it can resist Paraguay's ships and maybe defend itself from land attacks. The Hon. Sir Commander of Arms has ordered some improvements and repairs be made which he understands will be advantageous, and he plans to fortify the Navy's old position in front of the Fort, so that they may fire across from each other and aid each other."
The Paraguayan War
The Paraguayan invasion, the opening move of the Mato Grosso Campaign, was made of five infantry batallions and two dismounted cavalry regiments, totalling 3200 men, with twelve rifled guns, a French-equipped rocket battery and the support of 11 warships, all under colonel Vicente Barrios's command. The fort's surrender was demanded on 27 December 1864.
Though the fort's commander was captain Benito de Faria, lieutenant colonel Hermenegildo Portocarrero, commander of all artillery in Mato Grosso and of the Lower Paraguay Military District happened to be there on a routine inspection, and took over its command due to the Paraguayan attack. He replied to the Paraguayan demands with a letter stating "only through luck and the honor of arms will we deliver the fort".
| 2.5
| 0
|
78676214
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerekorio%20Manu%20Rangi
|
Kerekorio Manu Rangi
|
Kerekorio Manu Rangi ( 1853–1855 – October 1867), also known as Rokoroko He Tau and by his baptismal name Gregorio (Kerekorio), was the last undisputed ‘ariki mau, or King of Easter Island. He died as a child and left no heir, which ended the ‘ariki mau dynasty.
Biography
Manu Rangi was born on Easter Island between 1853 and 1855, a member of the Rapa Nui people. He was from the royal lineage of the ‘ariki mau (King of Easter Island), which, according to Polynesian belief, "went back to the gods themselves." According to Alfred Metraux, he was the grandson of Ngaꞌara and likely the son of ‘ariki mau Tepito, as well as a cousin of a previous king, ; however, in Steven Roger Fischer's book Island at the End of the World, he listed Manu Rangi as a son of Maurata. His name, Manu Rangi, meant "Heavenly Bird," and he was also known by the name Rokoroko He Tau.
As a young boy, Manu Rangi was the atariki, the heir apparent to the kingship of Easter Island. During his life, the island's population was decimated by slave raids and disease, and in late December 1862, sailors on the Peruvian ship Cora kidnapped several people from Easter Island including Manu Rangi. He was about eight years old at the time. After the ship raided Easter Island, it sailed to Rapa in the Austral Islands to take more "immigrants." Those in Rapa took over the boat and sailed to Tahiti. The Easter Islanders and the Rapans discussed with each other and compared geographical notes, leading to the discovery that Rapa ("Extremity") in the Australs was less remote than Rapa – Easter Island, which led to the Austral island being renamed Rapa ‘Iti ("Lesser Extremity") while Easter Island became Rapa Nui ("Greater Extremity"). Manu Rangi and his fellow islanders were able to return to Easter Island and arrived in January 1864, with him becoming the new ‘ariki mau upon arrival. Manu Rangi, as ‘ariki mau, declared the change of the name to Rapa Nui.
| 2.453125
| 0
|
78677606
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamazaki%20Ben%27nei
|
Yamazaki Ben'nei
|
Yamazaki Ben'nei (, February 20, 1859 – December 4, 1920) was a Japanese Buddhist priest of the Jodo sect. He was involved in the Komyoshugi movement, a social movement of the Jodo sect, from the late Meiji period to the Taisho period.
Biography
He was born in 1858 to a farming family of devout Jodo sect followers in Tega Village (present-day Washinoya area, Kashiwa City, Chiba Prefecture) on the banks of Lake Tega in Soma County, Shimōsa Province. While studying Buddhist painting at a nearby Shingon sect temple, at the age of 12, he contemplated the Amida Triad in the setting sun and wished to become a monk. In November 1879, he became a monk under Daiko Otani of Buppozan Ichijoin Tozenji Temple.
He moved to Tokyo in 1881 and studied at Zojoji Temple and Kisshō-ji (now Komazawa University), and practiced nembutsu at Mount Tsukuba in 1882. He moved to Narashino in 1887 and promoted the construction of Reijusan Genpukuin Zenkoji Temple and the founding of the main Jodo sect school (now Taisho University). He also actively made use of Western musical instruments in his missionary work. Around 1890, in order to spread the teachings of Buddhism, he composed and wrote hymns in praise of Buddhism and traveled around the country playing the accordion, which was a novel instrument at the time. In 1894, he made a pilgrimage to Buddhist sites in India, returning to Japan the following year.
He then began the Komyo-shugi movement, and in 1914 he founded the Nyorai Komyo-kai (now the Komyo-kai General Incorporated Foundation).
In 1916, he was invited to be a lecturer at the summer retreat of the head temple, Chion-in, and in 1918, he was welcomed as the 61st head priest of Muryokoji, the head temple of the Taima school of the Ji sect of Buddhism, and founded Komyo Gakuen on the temple grounds to educate people.
In December 1920, while traveling around the country, he died and was cremated at Hokkyozan An'yoin Gokurakuji Temple in Kashiwazaki City (Wakabacho, Kashiwazaki City, Niigata Prefecture).
| 2.421875
| 0
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78678970
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyla%20Vaeau
|
Tyla Vaeau
|
Tyla Vaeau is a master tattooist (Sāmoan: tufuga tātatau) of Sāmoan (Sale’a’aumua, Aleipata and Safune, Savai’i) and Pākehā (NZ European) descent. In 2019, she was awarded the Creative New Zealand Emerging Pacific Artist award. She was the first Sāmoan female tattooist to be gifted the customary Sāmoan tattooing tool, the 'au, from the Sa Su'a family – one of the leading families of tattooists in Sāmoa.
Biography
Vaeau was born in Wellington but grew up in the central Auckland suburb of Grey Lynn. Her father was born in the village of Elisefoe in the island of Upolu, Sāmoa, and her mother was born in Wellsford, New Zealand.
She attended Westmere Primary, Ponsonby Intermediate, and then Western Springs College from 1999 to 2003. Vaeau notes that these schools were diverse and multicultural when she attended them in the 1980s and 1990s. Throughout school, she was known for her artistic abilities, and by high school, she began to design tattoos for friends and family.
She went on to study a conjoint Bachelor of Arts in Art History and a Bachelor of Fine Arts from Elam School of Fine Arts, graduating in 2009. In 2009, she started tattooing with machine, then progressed to using customary Sāmoan tattoo tools to learn traditional tattoo techniques (Sāmoan: tatau). Later, in 2017, she completed a Master of Arts in Art History at the University of Auckland, her thesis focusing on Sāmoan tatau and its development within the Sāmoan diaspora as a travelling practice. Her interests are particularly on New Zealand and Australian-born women who are trying to reconnect with their Sāmoan heritage.
| 2.1875
| 0
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78678970
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyla%20Vaeau
|
Tyla Vaeau
|
Vaeau worked at the female and Indigenous- owned tattoo studio Karanga Ink on Karangahape Road but now works with her brother from her home in Grey Lynn. She is known widely for her ability to blend contemporary with traditional artistic practice. Her combination of understanding the historical and cultural relevance and significance of the Sāmoan malu (female leg tatau) and the pe'a (male leg tatau) has resulted in her ability to create her own contemporary designs. In order to expand her practice into malu, Vaeau has managed the training of a small circle of women. She is part of a community of people actively revitalising this practice.
She has been part of several cultural tattoo festivals, notably attending the 2017 Traditional Tattoo and World Culture Festival in Mallorca and the 2018 Tatau I Mo'orea Festival in Tahiti.
Tatau
Tattoo comes from the Sāmoan name tatau. However, it is not a direct translation, as the word tatau holds a deep significance in its practice. Customarily, the tatau is done following ceremonial protocol, with each individual motif holding meaning based on the holder's family lineage, culture, and deep-rooted history. Tatau is a way to uphold tradition and honour family and the villages that they are connected to. The ancient symbols used in tatau relate to and represent family, place, navigation, and journey. Vaeau works with these symbols daily to help individuals connect with their heritage and identity, share their stories, and honour their oral histories through the markings on their skin.
| 2.375
| 0
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78680436
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20bulb%20sign
|
Light bulb sign
|
The light bulb sign is a radiological finding observed on plain radiographs in the context of posterior shoulder dislocation. It refers to the abnormal, rounded appearance of the humeral head, which resembles a "light bulb," due to internal rotation of the arm following dislocation.
Pathophysiology
In posterior shoulder dislocation, the humeral head is displaced posteriorly out of the glenoid cavity. This injury is frequently associated with internal rotation where the humeral head rotates internally, altering its usual elliptical contour to a more rounded shape, creating the "light bulb" appearance. On anteroposterior (AP) radiographs, the humeral head no longer overlaps the glenoid, further emphasizing its abnormal shape.
Causes
Posterior shoulder dislocations typically result from trauma such as seizures or electric shocks, which cause forceful contraction of the internal rotator muscles of the shoulder.
Imaging Features
Plain Radiography
The light bulb sign is best observed on an AP radiograph of the shoulder. Key features include:
Rounded humeral head: The humeral head appears symmetrically rounded, resembling a light bulb due to internal rotation.
Loss of normal glenohumeral overlap: The humeral head is posteriorly displaced, disrupting the alignment with the glenoid cavity.
Rim sign: Widening of the joint space (>6 mm) between the medial edge of the humeral head and the glenoid. This sign is not specific to posterior dislocation, and can occur also in hemarthrosis.
| 2.59375
| 0
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78680505
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%201162
|
NGC 1162
|
NGC 1162 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Perseus. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on October 14, 1784. The galaxy lies approximately 200 million light-years away from Earth and is classified as a type SA0^−^ galaxy, indicating a smooth structure with little to no spiral features.
Discovery
NGC 1162 was discovered by William Herschel on October 14, 1784, during his extensive sky surveys. It is included in the New General Catalogue compiled by astronomer John Louis Emil Dreyer. The galaxy was cataloged based on observations made with Herschel's 18.7-inch reflecting telescope.
Physical characteristics
NGC 1162 is a lenticular galaxy, denoted as SA0^−^ in the Hubble sequence. Lenticular galaxies are considered intermediate types between spiral and elliptical galaxies. NGC 1162 lacks prominent spiral arms and has a smooth, featureless disk with a central bulge. It spans an apparent size of approximately 1.5 by 1.0 arcminutes in the sky and has an apparent magnitude of 13.1, making it faint but observable with mid-sized telescopes.
The galaxy is estimated to be around 200 million light-years away, as determined by its redshift value (z = 0.01475).
Location and observation
NGC 1162 is situated in the northern constellation of Perseus. It can be located using star maps and is best observed in the winter months from the Northern Hemisphere. The galaxy appears faint and requires dark skies and telescopes with moderate aperture for clear observation.
Environment and group association
NGC 1162 is part of a galaxy group within the Perseus constellation. Galaxy groups are smaller collections of galaxies bound together by gravitational forces. The interaction with neighboring galaxies may influence its structure and star formation history. However, lenticular galaxies like NGC 1162 typically have low levels of star formation.
| 3.140625
| 0
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78680855
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%201163
|
NGC 1163
|
NGC 1163 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Perseus. It is situated approximately 205 million light-years away from Earth and has an apparent magnitude of 13.5. The galaxy was discovered by the German-British astronomer William Herschel on October 14, 1784.
Discovery
NGC 1163 was first observed by William Herschel on October 14, 1784, using his 18.7-inch reflecting telescope. The galaxy was later cataloged in the New General Catalogue (NGC) by John Louis Emil Dreyer. Its precise celestial coordinates place it in the Perseus constellation, making it a target for amateur and professional astronomers alike.
Physical characteristics
NGC 1163 is classified as a barred spiral galaxy (SBc type) under the Hubble Sequence. The prominent bar structure at its center channels gas and dust toward the galaxy’s nucleus, fueling star formation. Its spiral arms are moderately tightly wound and exhibit regions of active star formation.
The galaxy spans an apparent size of about 1.2 by 0.9 arcminutes and shines with an apparent magnitude of 13.5, making it observable with mid-sized telescopes under dark-sky conditions.
Location and observation
NGC 1163 is located in the constellation Perseus, which is best observed during winter in the Northern Hemisphere. The galaxy lies roughly 205 million light-years from Earth, as determined by its redshift (z = 0.0151). Amateur astronomers can observe NGC 1163 with mid-to-large aperture telescopes, and long-exposure astrophotography can reveal its bar structure and faint spiral arms.
Environment and galaxy group
NGC 1163 is part of a loose galaxy group in the Perseus constellation. It interacts gravitationally with neighboring galaxies, which may have influenced its structure and bar formation. These gravitational interactions are thought to play a key role in redistributing gas and triggering star formation in the galaxy's arms.
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78682353
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legend%20of%20Aphroditian
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Legend of Aphroditian
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The preaching has an anti-Jewish sentiment and a supersessionist theology. The Magi, without even having seen Christ, already proclaim to the Jews of Jerusalem that they are "suffering from unbelief" and pursuing their own thoughtless goals, and that Christ has come to "annul your law and your synagogues." In this, the work differs somewhat from the Gospel of Matthew, which has Jesus as fulfillment of Jewish prophecies as a major theme. In The Legend of Aphroditian, it is pagan seers who have correctly foretold the coming of the Messiah, and seemingly only them.
The Jewish leaders try to silence the Magi with gifts of money. King Herod, the main villain in Matthew, has more a secondary role here; it is the Jewish authorities and scribes the work depicts as the primary unbelievers.
That said, one manuscript (Palat. gr. 4) does weaken the anti-Jewish tendency somewhat, replacing the coming abolishment of the memorials of "the Jews" with "the Kings".
The text is supersessionist in that it sees the pagan tradition, too, as ending. It has a notably more positive slant, though, where the Greek deities themselves seem to accept and celebrate this as a natural progression. In contrast, the Jewish authorities resist the coming end of Judaism and its replacement by Christianity.
Translations
Published translations of the story into English include:
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77287003
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinocereus%20acanthosetus
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Echinocereus acanthosetus
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Echinocereus acanthosetus is a species of cactus native to Mexico.
Description
Echinocereus acanthosetus grows solitary almost spherical to spherical, green to stems reach height of a diameter of . There are eight to ten low and wide ribs. There are 5-9 radial spines that are long growing on elliptical areoles. The short, funnel-shaped flowers are magenta to cream white and appear near the tips or sides of the shoots. They are long and reach a diameter of . The spherical, purple-colored, long by wide with black seeds.
Plants are distinguished from Echinocereus pulchellus by its smaller stems, elliptical areoles, and larger number of spines that are also longer.
Distribution
Plants are found in Oaxaca, Mexico between Magdalena Jicotlan and Tepelmeme de Morelos in Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlá growing in grasslands and among xerophytic vegetation.
Taxonomy
Echinocereus acanthosetus was first described as a variety of Echinocereus pulchellus in 1997. It was later recognized as a subspecies. It was recognized as a separate species in 2020 based on multivariate analysis.
| 2.75
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77287038
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinocereus%20pseudopectinatus
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Echinocereus pseudopectinatus
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Echinocereus pseudopectinatus is a species of cactus native to Mexico and the United States.
Description
Echinocereus pseudopectinatus typically grows singly with light green cylindrical shoots up to 20 cm long and 5 cm in diameter, partially hidden by spines. It has 15 to 16 slightly tuberculated ribs. The three to five protruding, whitish central spines, sometimes in two rows, are 0.5 to 1.5 cm long. The twelve to fifteen spreading, whitish radial spines are 0.9 to 1.5 cm long. The funnel-shaped flowers are magenta, appear near the tips of the shoots, and are up to 11 cm long with a diameter of 6 to 9 cm. The spherical fruits are red and thorny.
Distribution
Echinocereus pseudopectinatus is found in a small area in Cochise County, Arizona, USA, and in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora between 800 and 1500 meters. The plant grows on rocky outcrops in the Chihuahuan Desert growing along with Mammillaria standleyi, Echinocereus rigidissimus and Coryphantha recurvata.
Taxonomy
First described as Echinocereus bristolii var. pseudopectinatus by Nigel Paul Taylor in 1985, the specific epithet "pseudopectinatus" means 'false' and indicates its similarity to Echinocereus pectinatus. Taylor elevated it to an independent species in 1989.
| 2.578125
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77287056
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinocereus%20santaritensis
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Echinocereus santaritensis
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Echinocereus santaritensis is a species of cactus native to Mexico and the United States.
Description
Echinocereus santaritensis is a multistem columnar cactus that branches from the base. The cylindrical stems are long and have a diameter of . There are nine to ten clearly blunt ribs, which densly spiny with areoles apart. There are up to ten yellow to gray radial spines and three to four central spines that are . The tubular-funnel-shaped flowers are bisexual, red-orange, long and diameter with a long style. Chromosome count is 2n=44
This species is distinguished by its perfect flowers, 5 cm long styles, and areoles with hairs.
Subspecies
Accepted subspecies:
Distribution
This species is found growing on rocky slopes and outcrops in southern Arizona in the Little Ajo Mountains and Tucson Mountains, New Mexico and Mexico in Sonora and Chihuahua above 1070 meters growing along Juniperus arizonica and Vauquelinia californica.
Taxonomy
Echinocereus santaritensis was first described as in 1998 from plants collected in the Santa Rita Mountains. It was moved to a subspecies of Echinocereus coccineus in 2014 and later moved back to a species.
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77287058
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostia%20gens
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Hostia gens
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The gens Hostia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. Few members of this gens are mentioned by Roman writers, of whom the best known is the poet Hostius, but many more are known from inscriptions.
Origin
The nomen Hostius is a patronymic surname derived from the old praenomen Hostus, which also gave rise to the nomen Hostilius. Chase classifies it among those gentilicia that were either of Roman origin, or are found at Rome, and cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.
Praenomina
The chief praenomina of the Hostii were Gaius, Marcus, and Quintus, amongst the most common names at all periods of Roman history. There are multiple examples of other common names, including Publius and Lucius, but individual Hostii sometimes bore more distinctive praenomina, including Decimus, Numerius, and Tiberius.
Branches and cognomina
The Hostii known from epigraphy do not appear to have used any hereditary cognomina, and may not have been divided into distinct families. However, persons of this name appear to have settled at Casilinum in Campania by the end of the second century BC, and subsequently a number lived at Puteoli. Most of the inscriptions of this gens are from Rome, Latium, and Campania.
Members
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77287170
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Lemnos%20%281657%29
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Siege of Lemnos (1657)
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The siege of Lemnos happened during the Cretan War when the Ottomans launched a campaign to reconquer the island of Lemnos from the Venetians. The Ottomans captured the island in the end.
Background
The Ottomans won the fourth battle of Dardanelles and soon the Venetians found themselves on the defensive. The costly battles in Dardanelles and the struggle to hold on to Crete took a toll on the Venetians. They had already occupied the islands of Lemnos and Tindos. Those two islands were far away from the supply line. The peace party in the senate argued to abandon the two islands; however, the war party prevailed in the end. The Ottomans wanted a peace treaty but still demanded the surrender of Crete. The Ottomans under Köprülü Mehmed Pasha took an aggressive stance. On August 31, the Ottomans landed at Tindos, easily captured after the Venetians abandoned it.
Siege
The Ottomans arrived and landed 4,000 or 10,000 men on Lemnos led by Topal Mehmed Pasha. Since the castle was built on a rock, it was impossible to have mine works while the garrison received a reinforcement of 17 ships. The Ottomans launched a general assault on the city but were repulsed with a loss of 500 men, leaving their ladders to the garrison. Afterwards, they made several assaults but were all beaten off with considerable losses. The Ottomans almost abandoned their enterprise, but the apprehension awaiting from the Divan made them stay and fight the Venetians. Eventually, after 63 days of siege and without hope of any relief force, the Venetians surrendered on November 12. It was decided that the garrison would leave unharmed; however, the Ottomans massacred 100 or 200 of them and took 500 prisoners, some of them were galley slaves liberated by Venetians during the previous battles with the Ottomans. The reconquest of Tindos and Lemnos caused great joy to the Divan the inhabitants of Istanbul.
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77287457
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20K%C3%A4ll%C3%A9n
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Anna Källén
|
Anna Källén is a Swedish archaeologist and critical heritage theorist. As of 2024 she is professor and chair of Museology at the Department of Culture and Media Studies at Umeå University. Previously affiliated to Stockholm University, Källén is known for her work in the fields of archaeology, cultural history and cultural studies, and ancient DNA research.
Academic career
As a student of archaeology, Källén began working in Southeast Asia in the mid-1990s. Her 2004 dissertation from Uppsala University was based on archaeological excavations in the site Lao Pako in Laos. Källén's work in Laos and other Southeast Asian countries drew her towards questions about the uses and appropriations of archaeological heritage in contemporary societies. After completing her PhD, Källén moved to Stockholm University, where she pursued postdoctoral research in critical heritage studies. In 2023, Källén was appointed Professor and Chair of Museology at Umeå University.
Research
Källén's research is located at the intersections of archaeology, cultural studies and critical heritage studies. Identifying with post-processual archaeology, she challenges the idea of archaeology as an "objective" science and instead stresses the historical contingency of archaeological knowledge production.
In books like Stones Standing: Archaeology, Colonialism and Ecotourism in Northern Laos (2015) and articles like "Hintang and the Dilemma of Benevolence" (2012), Källén explores the relations between heritage, colonialism and hegemonic power. She is particularly interested in how lingering social and political structures from 19th and early-20th century European imperialism continue to inform present-day heritage practices, often reproducing colonialist and orientalist notions of time, history and race. Theoretically, Källén is inspired by postcolonial theory as well as feminist scholars like Donna Haraway.
| 2.0625
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77287482
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitrephora%20diversifolia
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Mitrephora diversifolia
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Mitrephora diversifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Annonaceae and is native to Queensland, Ambon Island and New Guinea. It is a tree with egg-shaped leaves, the flowers with cream-coloured and mauve-pink petals, 70 to 85 stamens and 10 to 14 carpels. The fruit is egg-shaped containing up to 8 seeds.
Description
Mitrephora diversifolia is a tree that typically grows to a height of up to . Its leaves are egg-shaped, long, wide on a petiole long and have 9 to 11 pairs of secondary veins. The flowers are arranged singly in leaf axils on a peduncle up to long, the pedicel long. The sepals are long and densely hairy. Its outer petals cream-coloured, egg-shaped with the narower end towards the base, long and wide. The inner petals are long and wide, with a mauve-pink, hairy, spade-shaped or arrow-shaped blade. There are 70 to 85 stamens and 10 to 14 carpels each containing 10 ovules. Flowering mostly occurs between October and March, and fruit is egg-shaped, long and wide, containing up to 8 seeds.
Taxonomy
This species was first described in 1841 by Johan Baptist Spanoghe who gave it the name Unona ? diversifolia in the journal Linnaea. In 1858, Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel transferred the species to the genus Mitrephora as M. diversifolia. The specific epithet (diversifolia) means "unlike-" or "different-leaved".
Distribution and habitat
Mitrephora diversifolia grows in vine forest from the tip of Cape York Peninsula to the McIlwraith Range and on Ambon Island in Indonesia, and possibly also in New Guinea.
| 2.375
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77287534
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossed-dome%20temple%20of%20Derbent
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Crossed-dome temple of Derbent
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The crossed-dome temple on the territory of Naryn-Kala is an early medieval Christian temple located in the northwestern part of the Naryn-Kala citadel in Derbent, Dagestan. For a long time, it was considered an underground reservoir for storing water.
Description
According to written sources, Christianity has been widespread in Derbent since the early Middle Ages. Here, as historian Movses Kaghankatvatsi notes, was the residence of the Church of Caucasian Albania.
The temple in Naryn-Kala is a large underground structure and in historical literature was indicated as an “underground cistern” carved into the rock in which water was stored. However, recent archaeological studies have shown that this structure is a crossed-dome Christian temple, built according to some estimates in the 4th century, according to others in the 5th-7th centuries.
Initially, the temple was located above the ground, but apparently, over time, it sank into the ground. As a result, in the 17th-18th centuries the abandoned temple was repaired, cleaned and adapted for water storage.
Its layout has a crossed-dome shape, making it like other Christian churches of Transcaucasia in the 5th-7th centuries. Most likely it was abandoned after the arrival of the Arabs in Transcaucasia in the 8th-9th centuries.
The temple consists of 1 central nave and transept topped with a dome (partially destroyed). There is a window at the top of the western wall.
| 2.609375
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77287542
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowell%20Woolfolk
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Sowell Woolfolk
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Sowell Woolfolk (d. January 23, 1832) was a 19th-century American businessman and politician known for serving as a Georgia state legislator and U.S. state militia officer, working as a slave trader, and dying in a duel at Fort Mitchell, Alabama in 1832.
Biography
The major source on Woolfolk is a family history published 2004. A reviewer in the Journal of Southern History commended the 2004 Woolfolk book as an "exemplar of modern genealogical work" but criticized the author's "hagiographic slant...Moreover, Woolfolk subtly presents the Civil War in the 'Lost Cause' mode...In one of several instances of this, she writes: 'Woolfolk family members...supported the Confederate cause for states' rights' as if states' rights was the cause of the Civil War. And, although passing references are made to the Woolfolk family slaves, their participation in the narrative is minute compared to the contribution they made to the family's fortunes."
Sowell Woolfolk was originally from Augusta, Georgia. He bought land for himself and family members in the vicinity of Columbus, Georgia beginning in 1827. In March 1827 "a gang of white men, negroes, and Indians, made an attack on the premises of Mr. Sowell...burned all the buildings, seven in number, comprising one of the best settlements on the property of the state in the newly acquired territory...the cause of it was that [Woolfolk] had publicly rented property from the State's Agent contrary to their wishes". He served in the Georgia House of Representatives in 1827 and in the Georgia Senate in 1830 and 1831. He was a brigadier general in the Georgia militia from 1828 to 1832, and thus is sometimes named in histories as Gen. Sowell Woolfolk. A letter reprinted into The Liberator abolitionist newspaper in 1831 advised Gen. Sowell to be alert for an insurrection conspiracy between "the negroes" and "the Indians" of Georgia and North Carolina.
| 2.015625
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77287579
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright%20C.%20Schaumburg
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Wright C. Schaumburg
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Confederate States Army
Along with other Missouri State Guard officers, he transferred to enter the service of the Confederate States Army in late 1861. The volunteer troops raised from Missouri were divided into brigades and battalions. Wright Schaumburg was appointed to the First Missouri Confederate Brigade commanded by Colonel Henry Little. By order of Major General Price, Schaumburg was designated as Little's Adjutant with the rank of Captain on December 12, 1861. He was also the Quartermaster and Commissary of the brigade.
Battle of Pea Ridge
Captain Wright C. Schaumburg was involved in the Battle of Pea Ridge with the Confederate Army of the West on March 7 and 8, 1862 at Elkhorn Tavern. Amid the defeat of the Confederate forces, his bridage was tasked with covering the rear on their retreat from Springfield, Missouri. Despite the loss, he was thanked by Henry Little for delivering his orders to various parts of the field under heavy fire, acting as his Assistant Adjutant-General.
Schaumburg was appointed to the Adjutant and Inspector-General's Department of the Confederate States Army on June 24, 1862.
By February 1863, he held the position of Adjutant General for General Earl Van Dorn who was placed in command of forces in the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana. When Van Dorn died in May 1863, General Joseph E. Johnston was assigned to the Department of the West with Schaumburg serving in his staff.
By October 1863, he served on General Edmund Kirby Smith's staff until the war's conclusion. He performed the duties of Inspector General for the Trans-Mississippi theater commanded by General Smith. By 1864, he had been promoted to the ranks of Major and then Lieutenant Colonel. The surrender of General Robert E. Lee's forces in the Eastern Confederacy was followed by General Smith's negotiation of his department's surrender in May 1865, marking the end of the Confederate Trans-Mississippi Department.
| 2.25
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77287751
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Nicolaas%20English
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San Nicolaas English
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San Nicolaas English, also known as Bush English, is a variety of Caribbean English spoken in the town of San Nicolaas in Aruba. It is spoken by many of the town's estimated 15.000 residents. It is also spoken by a smaller number of speakers in other parts of Aruba. San Nicolaas English is often spoken alongside Papiamento, one of the official languages of Aruba.
History
San Nicolaas English is said to have developed from varieties of Caribbean English and English Creoles brought over by Trinidadians, Grenadians and immigrants from other English-speaking Caribbean nations and territories who settled in San Nicolaas throughout the 20th century. Mainly to work in jobs related to the Aruban oil industry, located near the town.
San Nicolaas English has had a profound impact on Aruba's carnival music scene, with many contributions made by speakers to Aruban Calypso and Road March music.
Today, San Nicolaas English is spoken by many of the town's inhabitants and by a smaller number in other parts of Aruba, including by many Arubans and immigrants of non-British Caribbean and non-Afro Aruban descent residing in San Nicolaas.
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77288847
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churches%20of%20Busto%20Arsizio
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Churches of Busto Arsizio
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The church was consecrated in the presence of Cardinal Giovanni Colombo on June 24, 1964, and became a parish three years later, on May 31, 1967. The first parish priest was Don Marco Brivio, to whom the square in front of the church, recently redeveloped and partially pedestrianized, and the parish counseling center were dedicated.
Today about 5,000 people live in the territory of the parish.
Church of Santa Croce di Brughetto
The church was built in the southern part of what was the territory of St. Edward's, a Busto district that developed after World War II. It was opened for worship in 1951, a year before the nearby church of St. Eurosia was demolished. It became the thirteenth and last parish in Busto Arsizio in 1991, one year after St. Joseph.
It is located in the vicinity of Cascina Brughetto and takes the name of a 16th-century church located in the center of Busto Arsizio, along the street of the same name, in the area that the basilica of St. John the Baptist and the church of St. Anthony Abbot are located. The old church was deconsecrated in 1948 and demolished in 1972.
The stained glass windows, Stations of the Cross, crucifix, and altar of the new church were completed between 1952 and 1975, while it was not until 1982 that the side porches, which were already present in the original design, were built. The building has no bell tower and therefore the bell is placed inside an archway that rises above the chancel.
Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul of Borsano
The parish church of Borsano is located in Don Antonio Gallarini Square and was built beginning in 1939 on land adjacent to where the 19th-century building, blessed in 1825 and demolished in 1943, stood. The latter, replaced the old 16th-century church, demolished in 1817. The new church was consecrated on October 17, 1942, by Cardinal Ildefonso Schuster, at the height of World War II.
| 2.078125
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77289143
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris%20graph
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Harris graph
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In graph theory, a Harris graph is defined as an Eulerian, tough, non-Hamiltonian graph. Harris graphs were introduced in 2013 when, at the University of Michigan, Harris Spungen conjectured that any graph which is both tough and Eulerian is sufficiently Hamiltonian. However, Douglas Shaw disproved this conjecture, discovering a counterexample with order 9 and size 14. Currently, there are 241,375 known Harris graphs. The minimal Harris graph, the Hirotaka graph, has order 7 and size 12.
Harris graphs can be constructed by adding barnacles or grafting smaller Harris graphs, enabling larger graphs while preserving their properties. Notable types include the minimal Hirotaka graph, the barnacle-free Lopez graph, and the Shaw graph, each showcasing unique structural features in graph theory. Harris graphs are valuable for teaching graph theory due to their accessible methods for finding and verifying them. They offer a balanced challenge, fostering creativity, teamwork, and problem-solving as students collaborate to explore solutions.
History
After Harris Spungen made his conjecture in 2013, Doug Shaw shortly discovered a counterexample, the Harris graph. Jayna Fishman and Elizabeth Petrie found two more Harris graphs in the same year. Over the next few years, three more Harris graphs were discovered, until Hirotaka Yoneda discovered what was thought to be the minimal Harris graph in 2018.
In 2023, Akshay Anand implemented a Harris graph checker in Java. That same year, 241,375 Harris graphs were found of order 12 or less, and the Hirotaka graph was proven to be unique by code written by Shubhra Mishra and Marco Troper. The number of Harris graphs with n vertices was also made into an OEIS sequence.
Construction
Flowering a Harris graph
A k-barnacle is a path of length k between two nodes where every node on the path has degree 2. Flowering is the process of adding a 2-barnacle between two nodes on the shortest path between two odd-degree nodes.
| 2.421875
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77289151
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie%20Tidball
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Marie Tidball
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Marie Tidball is a British Labour politician and disability rights campaigner, who has been the Member of Parliament for Penistone and Stocksbridge since 2024.
Early life
She was born with a congenital disability which affects all four limbs, with foreshortened arms and legs and a digit on each underdeveloped hand. As a child she missed three years of school because of the surgery needed.
She grew up in Penistone and Stocksbridge, and was educated at Penistone Grammar School, then a non-selective state school. Her mother was a nursery head and her father was a teacher and Labour county councillor, who helped found Barnsley College.
Education and early career
Tidball studied Law at Wadham College, Oxford, followed by a journalism internship at Channel 4 News. She returned to Oxford to do a Master of Science (MSc) degree in criminology and criminal justice. Her MSc dissertation was titled Mad, Bad or Disabled?. She then worked as policy and legal officer for Autism West Midlands in Birmingham.
She was a founding director and coordinator of the Oxford University disability law and policy project. She was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) degree in 2017: her doctoral thesis was titled "The governance of adult defendants with autism through English criminal justice policy and criminal court practice" and her doctoral supervisor was Carolyn Hoyle.
Oxford councillor
Tidball has been called one of the country's leading disability rights campaigners by the Barnsley Chronicle. From 2016–2022 she was a Labour Councillor for Oxford City Council. In the 2017 election she stood for parliament in the Oxford West and Abingdon constituency, finishing third.
Parliamentary career
In June 2022, Tidball was selected to stand as the Labour candidate for the 2024 election, with the backing of multiple trade unions, as well as Dan Jarvis, Stephanie Peacock and David Blunkett. In July 2024, she was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Penistone and Stocksbridge.
| 1.929688
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77289196
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len%20Winter
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Len Winter
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Leonard Alvern Winter (February 26, 1902 – May 19, 1952) was an American college football, basketball, and track and field coach. He was the head football, basketball, and track and field coach for Wilton Junction High School from 1926 to 1927 and for Central College from 1928 to 1937. He was the head football coach and head of track and field for Loras College from 1938 to 1940.
Early life and playing career
Winter was born on February 26, 1902, to Dietrich Philip Winter and Estella May Hancer in Hinton, Iowa. He was one of seven children. His father was born in Meyenburg, Germany, and immigrated to the United States in 1883 when he was 32 years old. Dietrich worked as the postmaster for Hinton, Iowa, and was a member of the board of education for the Hinton school system. Len's mother was from Iowa, where she lived her entire life. His maternal grandfather, Frederick George Hancer, was born in Suffolk, England, and migrated to New York City in 1866.
Winter attended Central High School in Sioux City, Iowa.
Winter participated in football, basketball, and track while attending Grinnell College. For the Pioneers football team he served as an end. For the basketball team he served as a guard. In track, he participated in both the 440-yard dash and the long jump.
Coaching career
Winter began his coaching career as the head football, basketball, and track coach for Wilton Junction High School in Wilton, Iowa. He served in those roles for two years before moving to the collegiate level.
| 2.171875
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77289240
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Jogee
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Adam Jogee
|
Adam Habib Jogee (born December 1991) is a British Labour Party politician who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Newcastle-under-Lyme since 2024.
Education and career
Jogee was awarded a scholarship in 2008 to take his A-levels at Highgate School, and was a member of Haringey Youth Parliament at the age of 16.
He was a councillor for Haringey London Borough Council (Hornsey ward) and was elected Mayor of Haringey in 2020 alongside a role working with Labour MP Ruth Jones in the Shadow Defra team. He was selected as Labour's prospective parliamentary candidate for Newcastle-under-Lyme in April 2023, and was elected with a majority of 5,069.
Jogee resigned from his council role when Rishi Sunak, the prime minister at the time, called a general election to take place on 4 July 2024, leading to a Haringey Council by-election for Hornsey to take place on the same day as the general election.
Personal life
Jogee was born and bred in Haringey, and has Jamaican and Zimbabwean heritage; he is a Muslim, and has spoken about his experiences with racism and Islamophobia. In his maiden speech in parliament Jogee said that "My maternal grandfather arrived in the United Kingdom from Jamaica, to serve King and country and to help fight fascism. He docked in Liverpool in 1941 and, after meeting my grandmother, built a life in Staffordshire, the county I am proud to represent today." He also stated that he was "the first black man to represent anywhere in the West Midlands".
| 1.992188
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77289540
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microhodotermes%20viator
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Microhodotermes viator
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Microhodotermes viator, commonly called the southern harvester termite, the Karoo harvesting termite, the wood-eating harvester termite, houtkapper (), and stokkiesdraer (), is a species of harvester termite native to the desert shrubland of Namibia and South Africa. The eusocial insects inhabit soil mounds called heuweltjies. In 2024, researchers found inhabited Microhodotermes viator mounds up to 34,000 years old—by far the oldest active termite structures ever dated.
Description
The holotype, collected and first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804, has a clear red-brown head with a width of 3.8 mm. The unusually large head of M. viator is distinctive among Hodotermitidae. On its head are sharply-defined bright yellow pseudo-ocelli. The body is an opaque yellow-orange, with a dark band in the transverse furrow of the prothorax, and the legs are pale yellow. Claude Fuller described the legs as brown or red-brown, with the tarsi and the tips of the tibiae and femora being yellow.
Latrielle described the larva as having a light brown body and a large brown head, distinctly faceted black eyes, and yellow ocelli.
The species is polymorphic, having different forms for different castes, and sexually dimorphic. Males are often larger than females. Soldier termites have long, thin jaws that curve inward only at their tips, and body lengths of 7–13 mm, while workers have indistinctly striped brown abdomens and body lengths between 6–8 mm. Alates have an average body length of 14.01 mm.
Distribution and habitat
Microhodotermes viator is found in South Africa and Namibia, particularly on the west coast. It is found mainly in scrubland with annual precipitation of 125–750 mm. The precise range of M. viator has not been mapped. M. viator colonies in Namaqualand experience a warm and dry climate, with no perennial rivers in the area.
Behavior
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77289697
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%20O.%20Morgan
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Leon O. Morgan
|
Leon Owen Morgan (October 25, 1919 – July 29, 2002) was an American academic and Professor of Chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin. He co-discovered the chemical element americium along with Albert Ghiorso, Glenn T. Seaborg and Ralph A. James.
He studied at the University of Oklahoma, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1941, and at the University of Texas at Austin, receiving a master's degree in 1942. During World War II, he worked under Seaborg on plutonium chemistry in the Manhattan Project in Chicago and in 1944 on the discovery of transuranic elements by irradiating plutonium at the cyclotron in Berkeley.
Academic training
Morgan was born in Oklahoma City in 1919. He graduated summa cum laude from Oklahoma City University in 1941. He then entered the University of Texas at Austin, earning his master's degree in chemistry in 1942.
Early career
During World War II, Morgan worked on the Manhattan Project, aiming to develop the atomic bomb. He was assigned to the University of Chicago, where he joined the Nuclear Chemistry Metallurgy Research Group under Nobel Laureate Glenn T. Seaborg. There, he worked on the chemistry of plutonium processing, which led to his involvement in the isolation of curium and the discovery of americium in 1944-45. After the war, Morgan completed his PhD under Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1947.
Scientific career
Search for new elements
Morgan was part of the Laboratory of Metallurgy (LabMet) at the University of Chicago, directed by Glenn T. Seaborg. With sufficient plutonium available, Seaborg instructed chemists Ralph A. James and Leon O. Morgan to irradiate plutonium in the Berkeley cyclotron, sending samples to Chicago for analysis by Albert Ghiorso. They confirmed the presence of americium by identifying characteristic alpha particles emitted by the activated samples.
| 2.734375
| 0
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77289698
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison%20Gardner
|
Allison Gardner
|
Allison Clare Elizabeth Gardner is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Stoke-on-Trent South since 2024. She gained the seat from Jack Brereton, a member of the Conservative Party.
Education
Gardner was educated at the University of Kent (BSc), the Open University (MSc) and the University of Leeds (PGCE). She completed her PhD in bioinformatics at the University of Manchester in 2016 where her research supervised by Andrew Doig and Simon Hubbard characterised and predicted amyloid mutations in proteins.
Career
Gardner works with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence as a Senior Scientific Adviser for Artificial Intelligence. Previously, she taught science and personal, social, health and economic education (PSHE) in secondary schools. She was employed as a lecturer at Keele University where she led the degree apprenticeship programme in data science. She has research interests in the ethics of artificial intelligence, data science, algorithmic bias, women in computing and computing education.
| 1.921875
| 0
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77289971
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendari%20Bay%20Bridge
|
Kendari Bay Bridge
|
Design
The Kendari Bay Bridge is located on the shortest side of Kendari Bay, the eastern side. The bridge comprises an approach road of 602.5 meters, an approach span of 357.7 meters, a side span of 180 meters, and a main span of 200 meters. The bridge's width is 20 meters, featuring four traffic lanes, a median, and sidewalks. With a total length of 1,348 meters (approximately 1.35 kilometers), this bridge is the third longest sea-crossing bridge in Indonesia, following the Bali Mandara Toll Road in Bali (12.7 kilometers) and the Suramadu Bridge in East Java (5.4 kilometers), surpassing the Merah Putih Bridge in Maluku (1.1 kilometers).
Each pillar of the bridge bears the inscriptions "Indonesia Maju," "Kendari Bay Bridge," and "Southeast Sulawesi." "Indonesia Maju" refers to the name and slogan of President Joko Widodo's second administration, while the other inscriptions identify the bridge and its location. Additionally, each pillar features symbols representing the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, the province of Southeast Sulawesi, and the two contractors.
| 2.359375
| 0
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77290207
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris%20Osborne
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Tris Osborne
|
Tristan John Osborne is a British Labour Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Chatham and Aylesford since 2024.
Early life
Osborne is a native of the Medway area in Kent and grew up in Rochester. He attended St William of Perth Catholic Primary School in Rochester before receiving a scholarship to the private King's School, Rochester due to being a chorister at Rochester Cathedral. He has a Bachelor of Science degree in natural sciences (2004) and a Master of Arts degree in business management (2006) from College of St Hild and St Bede, part of Durham University. Osborne, who is gay, was an LGBT activist at university, and has since continued to support local LGBT communities, representing the local Labour team at Medway Pride each year.
Early career
After leaving university Osborne worked for a banking start-up specialising in financial risk from July 2006 to November 2013 and for a consultancy firm advising political parties about businesses regulation from December 2013 to July 2016. Whilst working in London he was a special constable with the Metropolitan Police in Greenwich and Charlton. Osborne then moved back to the Medway area and obtained a teaching qualification in geography from Canterbury Christ Church University in 2017. He was a geography teacher at Strood Academy from July 2017 to August 2023 and Stone Lodge School from August 2023 to July 2024.
| 1.96875
| 0
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77290274
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Gillespie%20%28surveyor%29
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David Gillespie (surveyor)
|
Career
George Washington appointed Ellicott as commissioner and Thomas Freeman as surveyor to determine the thirty-first parallel in cooperation with a Spanish commission first led by the astronomer William Dunbar and after Dunbar returned to his home in September 1798, by the Spanish's surveyor, Stephen Minor. David Gillespie accepted the position of assistant surveyor for Ellicott, and was one of two assistants of Ellicott, the other being his son Andrew Ellicott Jr. The original surveyor of the commission was Thomas Freeman, who likely attained the position through political means. Freeman quarreled with, was thought to have acted "improper" and to be "insufferably arrogant", and "a detriment to the work of running the line" by Ellicott, who suggested for Freeman to be removed. A letter written by the Secretary of State, Timothy Pickering, to Ellicott about Freeman's conduct mentions his actions were considered "wholly unwarrantable". Gillespie was appointed surveyor pro tempore for the United States boundary commission by Ellicott in Freeman's stead and afterwards was made the chief surveyor after the work began.
The survey encountered some difficulties with the Native Americans, namely the Eufala, the Seminole, and the Upper Creek, and Ellicott at times feared for Gillespie's safety in some of his writings. In one letter to Ellicott, Gillespie mentioned that Miccosukee warriors under their king, "a man of violent passions", had set out on July 4, 1799, to stop the surveyors. The Miccosukee leader calmed after hearing from Spain and the United States. Gillespie also wrote to his father James about the political events that surrounded the transfer of the Natchez region, near present-day Natchez, Mississippi, to the United States in 1795. Some of his letters indicate his dissatisfaction with Ellicott. After his United States Survey of the Coast Service, he was a member of the North Carolina House of Commons and represented Bladen County in 1807 and during the War of 1812, from 1812 to 1813.
| 2.21875
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77290462
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana%20dabieshanensis
|
Rana dabieshanensis
|
Rana dabieshanensis is a species of true frog that was discovered in the Dabie Mountains in Anhui, China through genetic analysis and morphology.
Description
It is a somewhat large, golden to light brown frog. The SVL in female specimens was between 5.3 and 6.83 cm (2.09–2.51 in) however, only 2 female specimens were measured. The SVL in the 8 measured males was between 50.9 and 62.8 cm (2-2.47 in). The tympanum is slightly darker than the rest of the frog. The dorsolateral folds (the lines from the back of the eye towards the posterior end) are obvious. Thin, inconspicuous bands can be found on the legs. The coloration of the dorsal side (the back) is dependent on the environment. The belly is white and has some small black spots.
Distribution and ecology
The specimens were collected at an elevation of 1150 meters above sea level. Most specimens were caught at night sitting in grass near a body of water. The humidity was between 62 and 81%. Rana dabieshanensis may also be found elsewhere in the Dabie Mountains.
Etymology
The researchers suggested the common name Dabie Mountain brown frog. The name Rana dabieshanensis stems from where it was found (its type locality) which was in the Dabie mountains. The Dabie Mountains are also known as Dabie Shan. Adding -ensis may mean that the species is named after a location.
| 2.75
| 0
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77290592
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal%20Ambrose
|
Kristal Ambrose
|
Kristal Ambrose is a Bahamian marine biologist and environmental activist. In 2013, she founded the Bahamas Plastic Movement, a nonprofit organization dedicated to reducing plastic pollution. She was awarded the 2020 Goldman Environmental Prize for her work in convincing the Bahamian government to ban single-use plastics, including common disposable items like bags, straws, and containers.
Early life and education
Ambrose's passion for conserving marine life began due to experiences she had in her early life. She would go swimming every day with her father and later worked at an aquarium. Ambrose studied Fisheries Management and Aquaculture at Hocking College and holds a Bachelor of Arts from Gannon University. She also has a Master of Science in Marine Affairs from Dalhousie University. Ambrose began studying for a Doctor of Philosophy at the World Maritime University in 2020. Her doctoral thesis is entitled "Contextual Barriers Facing Caribbean SIDS in the Global Governance of Plastic Pollution: Assessing the need for harmonised marine debris monitoring and contextual equity to support participation in the global plastics treaty negotiations by Caribbean SIDS".
Activism and research
In 2013, Ambrose began working on a citizen science initiative called the Plastic Beach Project, studying the amount of plastic on beaches. In 2014, she started a summer camp to educate young people about plastic pollution. Alongside the Plastic Pollution Education and Ocean Conservation Camp, Ambrose also runs a Junior Plastic Warriors Environmental Program. Ambrose is the founder of the Bahamas Plastic Movement, a nonprofit organization dedicated to reducing plastic pollution.
| 2.921875
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77290633
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20V.%20Raju
|
C. V. Raju
|
Raju started Padmavati Associates, a co-operative society of artisans to increase the income of the artisans and ensure natural dyes reach the right market. Today, 160 artisans from the village are engaged in making the toy, and they produce around 30,000- 33,000 toys per month.
In 2017, Raju participated in the 4th Innovation Scholar-In-Residence programme at Rashtrapati Bhavan, Delhi. He has also participated in the annual Festival of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (FINE), organized by National Innovation Foundation andDepartment of Science and Technology under the aegis of Rashtrapati Bhawan.
Awards and honors
In 2003 he received 2nd Biennial National Grassroots Innovation and Outstanding Traditional Knowledge Award from National Innovation Foundation – India, an autonomous body of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. He has also won the Centenary Award, the Seal of Excellence for Handicrafts from UNESCO and Lifetime Achievement Award from Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised Raju's efforts in promoting the traditional toy industry in his 68th Mann Ki Baat radio program. In 2023, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India.
Controversies
Raju faced objections from other toy makers after he told an NRI who bought toys from him that some artisans today use artificial colors containing lead, cadmium and barium in Etikoppaka toys. They said that his remarks would have a negative impact on the Etikoppaka toy market itself. Responding to the topic, Raju said that he is only concerned about the quality of the toy and if anyone wants to learn how to make natural dyes for toys, he will teach them.
| 2.28125
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77290927
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Chania%20%281660%29
|
Siege of Chania (1660)
|
The siege of Chania in 1660 was an attempt by the Christian forces to recapture the city from the Ottoman hold. The Ottoman managed to thwart the Christian attempt to capture the city.
Background
In 1660, the Venetian general, Francesco Morosini, began his naval campaign by attacking Negroponte. The attack failed. Morosini then headed towards Kythira to meet the Allied forces in late April. On May 8, 7 Maltese galleys led by Fabrizio Ruffo. On June 28, The Venetians and Maltese were joined by 4 Papal and 3 Tuscan galleys. The next day, they were joined by a French fleet of 17 ships under Chevalier Paul consisting of 4,000 men. On August 2, the French commander, Almerigo d'Este, arrived. Disputes between the Christian commanders delayed the campaign but on the 22nd, they were able to sail for Crete with a total ships of 35 galleys, 6 galleasses, 35 ships, and 30 small crafts.
Siege
On the 25th, the Christian forces arrived in Souda bay. The Christians entered the bay under heavy Ottoman artillery fire. The troops landed 8,000 men. The Christians led by Morosini and d'Este attacked the fort of S. Veneranda, and despite its capture, the Christians sustained heavy losses. The French then moved to besiege the city of Chania, while the Venetians assaulted the minor forts of Calogero, Calami, and Castello dell'Apricorno. The Ottomans at Candia learned of the attack and dispatched a force of 4,000 men during which the Christian forces were heavily pressing on Chania. However, only 3,000 were able to enter the city, had the Venetian forces acted more seriously, they could have prevented them from entering. Later on, the Ottomans were able to reinforce the castle with 1,200 men, despite Christian efforts to stop them. With Chania being reinforced, the Christians abandoned the attack and reembarked on 15 September.
| 2.546875
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77290950
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaseen%20El-Demerdash
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Yaseen El-Demerdash
|
Yaseen El-Demerdash (born September 12, 2003) is an American Paralympic swimmer. He represented the United States at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.
Early life and education
El-Demerdash attended Blue Valley Southwest High School where was a high school All-American in the 100 breaststroke, was named the Kansas City Star Scholar-Athlete of the Year in 2021 and, having skipped a grade, graduated high school at 17. He currently is studying mechanical engineering at the University of Kansas.
Career
On September 25, 2023, El-Demerdash was named to team USA's roster to compete at the 2023 Parapan American Games. At the Parapan American Games he won a gold medal in the 100 meter backstroke, silver medals in 100 meter freestyle and 4 × 100 m freestyle relay and a bronze medal in the 50 meter freestyle S10 event.
On June 30, 2024, El-Demerdash was named to team USA's roster to compete at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.
Personal life
El-Demerdash was born to Dina Massoud and Aref El-Demerdash and has three siblings, Maraym, Yusuf and Adam. He was born with Poland syndrome, which stunted the development of his right hand and arm and left him without a right pectoral muscle.
| 2.546875
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77291620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandipat%20Sahay
|
Chandipat Sahay
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Babu Chandipat Sahay was a principal zamindar and ruler of the Patna zamindari estate, primarily governing the district of Patna. He also served a term as a Member of Legislative Council in the Legislative Council of the Governor of Bihar and Orissa, representing the Patna Division Landholders' Constituency, where he was appointed to the Panel of Chairmen.
Politics
He was appointed to the Legislative Council of the Governor of Bihar and Orissa by Sir Henry Wheeler in 1923. He was also a member of the Licensing Board of Patna.
Drawing from his own experiences as a zamindar, he was responsible for the abolition of chaukidari tax in Bihar and Orissa Province. In 1931, he was invited by Sir Mohammad Fakhruddin, Rajendra Prasad, Sachchidananda Sinha, and Syed Abdul Aziz to assist in preventing Hindu-Muslim riots in Bihar.
Music patronage
He was a patron of Hindustani classical music, and hosted some of the greatest classical musicians at his estate in Patna. Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar performed there for two consecutive days, whereas other performers included Ahmed Jan Thirakwa and Maharajji Berve.
In 1931, he founded Sangeet Sadan along with Hari Narayan Kapoor, the only music school in Patna at the time, in his estate's palace.
Since music was taboo at the time, he established the school to educate the people about its nuances and remove the stigma associated with music. The first five students of the school came from the Sahay family itself. His son, Jwalapati Sahay, a zamindar, emerged as one of the best Khayal singers of his time.The school was also supported by his peers, including Sir Sultan Ahmed, Sir Ganesh Dutt, Rajandhari Sinha, Lady Imam, Madhav Shrihari Aney, Raja Rajiv Ranjan Prasad Sinha, Sir Fazl Ali and Sachchidananda Sinha, among others.
| 2.375
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77291817
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libia%20Lobo%20Sardesai
|
Libia Lobo Sardesai
|
Libia "Libby" Lobo Sardesai (born 25 May 1924) is an Indian independence activist and lawyer from Goa. Along with Vaman Sardesai, whom she later married, she ran an underground radio station, Voice of Freedom, that transmitted across Portuguese Goa from 1955 to 1961, advocating the cause of the Goan independence movement. Following the Liberation of Goa, she was the first Director of Tourism of Goa, Daman and Diu. She was awarded the Padma Shri in January 2025.
Life and career
Early life (1924–1954)
Libia Lobo, known by the nickname of "Libby", was born on 25 May 1924 to a Catholic family in Porvorim, Bardez taluka, Portuguese Goa. Her family moved to Bombay some time in her childhood. She was friends with painter F. N. Souza in her childhood and they both grew up near Crawford Market. As a student, she was part of T. B. Cunha's Goan Youth League. She was its secretary from 1948 to 1950.
She began her career as a translator and a "censor", working on deciphering cryptic letters written by Italian prisoners of war during World War II. She simultaneously completed a degree at Siddharth College of Arts, Science and Commerce, which was established by B. R. Ambedkar. Ambedkar himself expressed his pleasure during her admission process. It was in her college days that Lobo began contributing to the Goa liberation movement. She was greatly influenced by M. N. Roy, who had been introduced to her by Nissim Ezekiel and other professors of hers. Lobo was later hired as a stenographer and a librarian at All India Radio (AIR), Bombay. She pursued a degree in Law while employed at AIR.
Voice of Freedom (1955–1961)
| 2.4375
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77291817
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libia%20Lobo%20Sardesai
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Libia Lobo Sardesai
|
In 1954-55, the Portuguese attacked and killed several Satyagrahis who had peacefully entered the Goan borders, demanding the end of colonial rule in Goa. Following this, India closed its borders with Goa, imposing an economic blockade, thus reducing free movement and trade. Lobo, Vaman Sardesai and Nicolau Menezes, a Goan independence activist who had been living in hiding in Bombay, came together to form a team. Using two wireless radio sets, which were confiscated the Portuguese, were converted into a radio transmitter. This became the Voice of Freedom radio station, through which Lobo, Sardesai and Menezes would transmit news and important information to Goans.
They initially lived in the jungles of Amboli Ghat, from Goa, transmitting an hour-long programme. After Menezes and his wife left, Lobo and Sardesai shifted to Castle Rock, Karnataka ( from Goa). Lobo took the alias of "Vimal Nadkarni" to hide from the Portuguese.
In the days preceding Operation Vijay, Lobo and Sardesai were contacted by the Indian defence forces. On December 17, 1961, the station transmitted a direct message from then Defence Minister of India, V. K. Krishna Menon, requesting the Portuguese Governor General to surrender. Following the success of Operation Vijay and the liberation of Goa on 19 December 1961, Lobo and Sardesai boarded an Indian Air Force plane with a radio and loudspeaker attached to it, flying over Goa and dropping leaflets and announcing the freedom of Goa.
Post Liberation (1961 onwards)
Following the Liberation of Goa, Lobo joined the Ministry of External Affairs to help in their efforts to repatriate the captured Portuguese troops.
Lobo and Sardesai got married on 19 December 1964, the third anniversary of Goa's Liberation.
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77292098
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Sweeney%20%28hang%20glider%29
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Terry Sweeney (hang glider)
|
Terry Sweeney (born December 6, 1947) is an American inventor and hang glider pioneer. He designed hang gliders and equipment for Sky Sports and was a founding member and leader of many musical groups including Sweeney's Glider, Fly by Day, and Tam and the Bourines.
Early life
Terry Sweeney was born in Grasmere, New Hampshire, on December 6, 1947, and raised in Dunbarton, New Hampshire. He was the youngest of the four children of John Sweeney, a laborer, and Charlotte Sweeney, a waitress. He was fascinated with flight from a very young age and began building balloons and gliders in his backyard as a teenager.
Sweeney's Glider
Sweeney and one of his first gliders, a homemade $40 biplane, were featured in Fritz Weatherby's 1971 classic hang gliding video, Sweeney's Glider. In the video, Terry Sweeney describes the inspiration for his biplane, and Weatherby documents the efforts to get the glider off the ground. The video is accompanied throughout by music from Sweeney's band, Sweeney's Glider, singing about the dream of gliding flight.
Sky Sports
Sweeney designed hang gliders for Sky Sports, an East Coast hang glider manufacturer in the mid-1970s. While working for Sky Sports, along with other members of the Sky Sports design team, including designer Tom Peghiny and pilot Dennis Pagen, Sweeney contributed to the design of the Sirocco I, Sirocco II, Osprey, Merlin, and Kestrel. Sweeney was one of the first to incorporate double sail surfaces and an enclosed crossbar in his glider designs. To improve pitch stability of these early Rogallo designs Sweeney added a strut under the sail of each wingtip, which were then attached to the top of the kingpost with a cable. Together with David Aguilar he also helped design and develop the Sky Sports supine harness. Sweeney was also an early pioneer in powered hang gliders. In 1977, he developed a twintube kingpost mount for attaching an engine to a Rogallo-type flex-wing glider; this proved to be quite a dangerous design in turbulent conditions.
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77292159
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropar%20Meeting
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Ropar Meeting
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Invitations were extended, salutes fired, ceremonial exchanges and gift-giving took place, followed by displays of military prowess and feasting with entertainment. Amidst all this, discussions commenced.
Conversations occurred in three languages—Punjabi, Persian, and English. Ranjit Singh conveyed his message in Punjabi to Fakir Azizuddin, who translated it into Persian for Captain Wade. Wade then rendered the communication into English for the Governor-General. Throughout the proceedings, Captain Wade served as interpreter and master of ceremonies.
Alexander Burnes, an East India Company employee, remarked, "The English gentlemen appeared a sorry contrast to the gilded splendor of the Sikhs' elephants." Upon noticing this difference, Ranjit Singh invited the Englishmen to transfer to his lavishly adorned elephants.
The outcome
The Ropar meeting, characterized by Sikh opulence, failed to achieve substantial alignment of interests. "Eastern vanity" clashed with "English pragmatism and sobriety." The only tangible outcome was the Maharaja gaining insights into military science, but at what cost?
The weeklong indulgence resulted in a somewhat unsatisfactory ‘Yaddasht’ (commemorative document) for the Sikh Maharaja. Ranjit Singh's failed attempt to obtain British ‘approval’ for his ambitions concerning Sindh made its conquest a distant dream.
| 2.15625
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77292885
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Rumph
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Jim Rumph
|
James Kelsey Calhoun Rumph (August 17, 1942 – September 1, 1993) was an American artist noted for his ceramic creations. His work featured monsters, satyrs, nymphs and other fantastical creatures inspired by mythology, pop culture and the works of J.R.R. Tolkien, Ray Bradbury, Carl Sagan, Isaac Asimov; fantasy artists Frank Frazetta, Moebius, William Stout and Richard Corbin among many others.
Early life
Jim Rumph was born James Kelsey Calhoun, in St. Louis, Missouri. His father, Alan Duncan Calhoun, died when James was three months old. His mother, Patricia Rassieur Kelsey, later married J.B. Rumph, and James took his stepfather's last name. Throughout his life, he signed his works with variations of his full name, including Calhoun, Rumph, Jim Rumph, JKCR, Karl Rumph and more.
Artistic career
Rumph began selling his drawings, often inspired by Mad magazine and EC comics, when he was in the third grade. He remained a graphic artist and painter until the late 1960s, when he began experimenting with ceramics - initially pinch pots, later tankards depicting demons, movie and TV characters, planters and unique sculptures for which he would become known. His signature mugs often featured creatures inside, gradually revealed as the tankards were drained.
His alter ego, "Dr. Rumph," a wizened trickster with a hook in place of one hand, became a signature character in fliers and other promotional materials.
He is perhaps best known for his mass-produced Star Wars tankards - Darth Vader, Obi-Wan Kenobi and Chewbacca, which was George Lucas' personal favorite. Other movie character mugs include Admiral Kirk and Mr. Spock from Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, a Christopher Reeve Superman mug inspired by the 1978 film, Superman The Movie, and an E.T. The Extraterrestrial piggy bank featured on the cover with director Steven Spielberg's mother, Leah Adler, in People Magazine in 1982.
| 2
| 0
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77293339
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryarakshitsuri
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Aryarakshitsuri
|
Aryarakshitsuri (c. 1080 CE1180 CE) was Śvetāmbara Jain monk and the founder of the Achal Gaccha of the Śvetāmbara sect of Jainism. He was a contemporary of Hemchandrasuri and is said to have met him.
Early life
He was born as Vayja Kumar to Dedi and Dron in the Pragwat community in a small village Dantani near Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India on 9th day of bright half of Shravan month in 1080 CE. He also had a younger brother named Solha.
Initiation
At the age of 6, on the 8th day of bright half of Vaishakh month in 1086 CE, Vayja Kumar was initiated as a Jain monk by Acharya Jaysinghsuri at Dantani, his birth place. He was named as Muni Vijayachandra by his preceptor Acharya Jaysinghsuri. After his initiation as a Jain monk, he studied Jain Aagams, Sanskrit and Prakrit grammar, poetries, law theories, prosody, lexicography, and philosophy under the guidance of his preceptor. He also learned different mantras, hymns, and other meditation techniques from Acharya Jaysinghsuri's disciple Rajchandra. He was consecrated as an Acharya at the age of 23 years in 1069 CE on the 3rd day of bright half of the Magshirsh month, and was renamed as Acharya Vijayachandrasuri.
Criticism of lax monastic practices
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77293339
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryarakshitsuri
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Aryarakshitsuri
|
Encounter with Chakreshvari
Legend has it that once, demi-goddess Chakreshvari asked Tirthankara Simandhara, who is currently believed to be living in Mahavideha, if there was an ascetic in the Bharata Kṣetra who was closest to following the practices prescribed in the Śvetāmbara canon. To this, Simandhara had replied that Upadhyaya Vijayachandra would fit this description and that he was performing Sallekhana at Pavagadh. He also mentioned that Upadhyaya Vijayachandra would establish the Vidhi Pakṣa in future. Upon hearing this, Chakreshvari decided to visit Vijayachandra to request him to not perform Sallekhna. She mentioned her conversation with Simandhara and that a lay follower named Yashodhana would come to the Jain temples at Pavagadh and also offer him alms suitable to a Jain ascetic. She added that Yashodhana would also become his first lay follower. Yashodhana arrived at Pavagadh with the Chaturvidha Jain Sangha (four-fold congregation). After worshipping the idols and paying homage to the ascetics, he requested Upadhyaya Vijayachandra to oblige him by accepting food and water from his mobile kitchen that was set up at the foothills of Pavagadh Hill. Vijayachandra accepted his request and broke his month-long fast. Later, Vijayachandra preached Yashodhana and informed him about the ill practices in the monastic conduct of monks due to the influence of yatis. Consequently, Yashodhana and all his family members accepted the 12 vows of a Jain Śrāvaka from Upadhyay Vijayachandra.
| 1.976563
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77293585
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia%20Glasser
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Sylvia Glasser
|
Sylvia Glasser (born 1940) is a South African dancer and choreographer known as a pioneer of Afrofusion, a dance genre that combines African culture with Western modern dance. She served as founding director of the influential dance company Moving into Dance from 1978 to 2013.
Early life and education
Sylvia Glasser was born into a white Jewish family in Pietersburg, now Polokwane, South Africa, in 1940.
She moved to England to study dance at the London College of Drama and Dance, where she graduated in 1963. She later obtained a bachelor's degree from the University of the Witwatersrand, in 1973; pursued further studies in anthropology at Witwatersrand in the late 1980s; and graduated with a master's in dance from University of Houston–Clear Lake in the United States in 1997.
Career
Returning to South Africa from the U.K., Glasser established herself in the local dance scene with the Experimental Dance Theatre, an annual platform she founded in 1967. By the late 1970s, she had become a prominent figure in the modern dance community of South Africa. Beginning in 1978, she was the founder and longtime director of the influential company Moving into Dance, whose dancers affectionately call her Magogo, meaning "mother" or "grandmother." Notable artists who trained with Glasser include Vincent Mantsoe, Gregory Maqoma, Moeketsi Koena, and Portia Mashigo.
Her choreography blends South African, African and Western traditions and techniques, which came to be known as Afrofusion, a style that would come to be adopted by many dancers and musical artists. Her seminal work of choreography Tranceformations, inspired by the art of the San people, was first staged in 1991.
During the apartheid period, Glasser used dance to demonstrate opposition to the regime's oppression of black South African culture. From its founding, her company was the first in the country to racially integrate, which was still illegal at the time. She also emphasized the power of education through dance, which she dubbed "Educdance."
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoraidini
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Zoraidini
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Distribution
The species of Zoraidini are found in tropical and some sub tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia and western Pacific islands. In Africa, most species have been described from tropical parts of western and central Africa, but some also from eastern countries like Ethiopia and as far south as Mozambique and Madagascar. In Asia, Australia and the Pacific, the distribution of species from the tribe Zoraidini ranges from India and Sri Lanka in the West to the western Pacific (Indonesia, Guam, the Philippines) as far south as Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and northern Australia. In eastern Asia, they have been also reported from subtropical regions as far north as parts of Japan and south-eastern Russia. Most species have been only reported from a few locations, but some have a wider distribution. For example, Proutista moesta is known from many parts of southern Asia and the western Pacific, ranging from the Seychelles, India and Sri Lanka in the West over the southern Asian mainland and Indonesia to the Philippines, southern China, Taiwan, southern Japan and Guam in the East.
Description
The tribe Zoraidini is characterized by a combination of several features which include:
The forewings are long and narrow, at least double as long as the hind wings, while the hind wings are unusually short and also narrow.
The head has a narrow face in frontal view and the eyes are only about half as long as the face and do not reach the clypeus.
The antennae are typically long, often longer than the face.
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77293670
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohanapecosh%20Formation
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Ohanapecosh Formation
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The volcanic clastic Ohanapecosh Formation is an early state of cascade volcanism. It has been dated to the middle Oligocene [36 to 28 Ma]. The strata are as much as thick, with exposures visible in more than of a total area exceeding . It is found throughout Mount Rainier National Park and the surroundings mountains. It is the foundation on which the Mount Rainier volcano was built. The formation has been identified in the Snoqualmie area to the north, and as far south as the Columbia River Gorge, including Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams. It extends from the west at Mount Rainier and Lake Tapps, east to Little Naches River valley.
Description
The contact of the Ohanapecosh Formation on the Puget Group is everywhere conformable and the Spiketon Formation and Renton Formation reflect a continuous process without a break in time. In contrast, the contact with the Naches Formation is an unconformity as seen in the Summit Creek Sandstone (~43 to 37 Ma) in the areas from White Pass east to the Naches River. In the Mount Rainier National Park area, the Ohanapecosh Formation is overlain by the Oligocene (25-27 Ma) Stevens Ridge Member, that is the lower part of the Fifes Peaks Formation. At Backbone Ridge, southeast of Mount Rainier, clasts of the Ohanapecosh Formation and tree trunks are found in the base of the lowest Stevens Ridge Member.
Various late Oligocene and Miocene eruptive centers are preserved in central Washington. The Mount Aix caldera (late Oligocene), Tieton volcano (Miocene) and Columbia River Basalt Group (Miocene) are late Oligocene and Miocene eruptive centers east of the Mount Rainier National Park. Fifes Peaks volcano is to the northeast of the national park, and the Tatoosh pluton is to the south. The Eocene-Miocene formations are covered by thick Quaternary volcaniclastic deposits and lavas.
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77293736
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa%20Pellandini
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Casa Pellandini
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Casa Pellandini was a Mexican company that manufactured and imported art and luxury items, founded by the Swiss stained glass artist of Italian origin Claudio Pellandini, in 1893, at the 2a. Calle de San Francisco No. 10, currently Madero 33 (Banco Santander Select), four blocks East of the Palacio de Bellas Artes, in Mexico City.
History
Claudio Pellandini arrived in Mexico in 1860. Since 1893, in its showroom and store, at 2a. Calle de San Francisco No. 10, the Casa Pellandini used to sell: marble, bronze and terracotta sculptures; French and Mexican stained glass windows, lamps, Venetian mirrors, artistic engravings, marble and alabaster busts, frames, moldings, glass, imported wallpaper; porcelain figures, white and painted ones; prints, facsimiles of watercolors, chromos, oleographs, griffins, planters, materials for artists, supplies for engineers, cases of oil and watercolor colors, and ornamental objects, which ended up in the National Palace, state government palaces, the Municipal Hall of Puebla, the Chapultepec Castle, where President Porfirio Díaz resided up until 25 May 1911, churches, residences, public buildings, etcetera.
Two years later, in 1895, Claudio Pellandini opened the first large art supplies factory in the country. Its workshops, located at Comonfort 48 on the corner of Jaime Nunó, in the Santa Ana neighborhood of Colonia Morelos, Mexico City, occupied an area of 129 167 square feet (12 000 m2), and had machinery imported from Europe and the United States.
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77293736
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa%20Pellandini
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Casa Pellandini
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It employed approximately 200 people, and had 27 electric machines for beveling, grinding, engraving, and polishing glass. At the end of the 19th century, the French stained glass factory Saint-Gobain named the Casa Pellandini its sole representative and depositary in the Mexican Republic. The high society of the Porfiriato, partially Frenchified, liked to purchase the products that the Swiss Claudio Pellandini imported or manufactured. The Mexican Revolution had no adverse effects on the operations of the prestigious company or on the marketing of luxury goods.
Stained glasses created by master Claudio Pellandini, placed in windows of the facade of the Government Palace of Nuevo León, in Monterrey, showed images of various Mexican national heroes. Seven pieces by Pellandini were vandalized on 5 January 2017, during riots at the Plaza de los Héroes in the capital city of Nuevo León. They were transferred to the Taller Casa Montaña, in Torreón, Coahuila, for restoration.
The Casa Pellandini had a branch in the Downtown of Guadalajara, founded in 1901 on premises numbers 43 and 45 on López Cotilla Street. On Wednesday, 14 September 1927, a fire broke out minor consequences in said branch of that commercial house. By 1946, it had moved to Avenida Corona 129, also in Guadalajara Downtown. In 1971, it was at Prisciliano Sánchez 175, also in Guadalajara Downtown. This branch was managed by Otto B. Kiener. This was its last location in that city.
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77294141
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin%20of%20coats%20of%20arms
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Origin of coats of arms
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The enamelled funeral plaque of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, features what appear to be a real coat of arms, azure (blue) with six golden lions. Since Louis Bouly de Lesdain, this has often been considered the oldest known coat of arms, granted to Geoffrey Plantagenet when he was knighted in 1127 by his father-in-law Henry I, King of England. Until Michel Pastoureau's studies, this was the date often chosen for the origin of coats of arms. Pastoureau however showed that the enamel depicting Geoffrey Plantagenet seems to have been produced around 1160–1165, and the account of his knighting, which mentions the shield with the six lioncels (an obsolete term for lions when there is more than one on a shield), was written by Jean Rapicault, a monk from Marmoutier Abbey, around 1170–1175, while his only surviving seal, dated 1149, has no coat of arms. It is therefore likely that Jean Rapicault projected for 1127 a representation typical of his era, the 1170s.
Consequently, it is more accurate to consider this funerary enamel to be, in the words of Laurent Hablot, "the earliest known evidence of heraldic representation in colour". Furthermore, even if this work is dated to the 1150s, it reflects the Anglo-Norman influence on the Counts of Anjou, reinforcing the geographical origin of heraldry demonstrated by the seals. This is a case where the husband, Geoffrey Plantagenet, adopts the family emblem of his wife, Empress Matilda, a prestigious king's daughter, to claim his inheritance.
Although the vocabulary of the chansons de geste can be examined, narrative sources are of little help in studying the precise process by which coats of arms were born. The texts available are symbolic constructs in which references to decorations, while confirming the iconographic sources, do not make it possible to delve much deeper. Nevertheless, the Roman de Rou can be cited, which, around 1160, calls them "connoissances".
Mult veissiez par les grant plaignes
moveir conreiz et chevtaignes;
ni a riche home ne a baron
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77294141
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin%20of%20coats%20of%20arms
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Origin of coats of arms
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Armorial equestrian seals
Finally, around 1140–1160, several high-ranking personalities had armorial equestrian seals. The earliest seal to feature an armorial shield borne by the rider may be that of Waleran de Beaumont, Count of Meulan and Earl of Worcester, but its dating (1136–1138) is uncertain according to Pastoureau, and is contradicted by a later seal of the same personage without a coat of arms on the shield. Adrian Ailes and Jean-François Nieus, on the other hand, have identified two armorial equestrian seals of Waleran de Beaumont, one from 1137/1139, the other from 1139/1140, both showing a chequered shield. Nieus adds other armorial seals also dating from 1130–1150: the seals of Enguerrand II de Coucy, Bouchard de Guise, Hugues Cholet de Roucy, Yves de Nesle, Count of Soissons, Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and his nephew Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Hertford, a second seal of Ralph I, Count of Vermandois and another of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona. The latter is dated 1150 by Bouly de Lesdain. For Pastoureau, the second seal of Ralph I de Vermandois is the oldest armorial equestrian seal dated (1146). It seems that Waleran de Meulan's seal shows not only a shield bearing a coat of arms but also an armorial saddlecloth. This marks the beginning of a process of heraldically decorating the horse itself. The first equestrian seals, depicting the rider riding to the right and holding his shield to his left, logically show only the inside of the shield. In order to depict an armorial shield, the engravers rotate it slightly and show half of it. It was only later that the knight's arm was twisted so that the viewer could see the whole shield.
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77294141
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin%20of%20coats%20of%20arms
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Origin of coats of arms
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In most cases, vassals and under-vassals began by adopting their lord's coat of arms just as it was, when it was linked to the fiefdom. The personal arms they then adopted were often the same, but slightly modified. The result was a group of coats of arms made up of unrelated families from the same region, with very similar coats of arms. These are common in northern and eastern France, the Holy Roman Empire, Navarre, and Aragon. In the Holy Roman Empire, princes often first chose the eagle emblem, symbolizing their attachment to the Holy Roman Empire. Thus, the Austrian Duke Henry II Jasomirgott, his son Duke Leopold V, and his grandson Leopold VI wore an eagle as an emblem, before the new Austrian Duke Frederick II adopted in 1230 the symbol that has been perpetuated to this day in Austria, a silver fess on a red background.
Some coats of arms are also passed down through adoubement (i.e., being knighted). In this case, the adoubee adopts the arms of the adoubeur, a more powerful lord, in whole or in part. This is the story told of Geoffrey Plantagenet, knighted in 1127 by his father-in-law Henry I, King of England, and whose coat of arms can be seen on the Plantagenet enamel. Other sources attest to this practice. Thus, Hugh IV, Count of Saint-Pol, knighted in 1179 by King Henry II of England, used a seal showing a shield with the arms of both England (Gules, three golden lions passant) and Candavène (Azure, three golden sheaves). Similarly, around 1170, Guillaume de Hainaut bore arms of France impaling Hainaut. Other examples are known.
As early as 1180-1200, the system of cadency seals appeared, especially in France, England, Scotland, the Rhine Valley, and Switzerland. According to Pastoureau, the earliest known instance dates from 1177: the brother of Count Arnould II of Guînes, Guillaume, used the arms of the Counts of Guînes on his seal, adding a bend.
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77294208
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20England%20Sinai%20Hospital
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New England Sinai Hospital
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New England Sinai Hospital was a for-profit chronic care specialty hospital located in Stoughton, Massachusetts. Founded in 1927 and opened in 1936 in Rutland, Massachusetts as the Jewish Tuberculosis Sanatorium, the facility changed its name and moved to Jamaica Plain in 1955 before settling in Stoughton in 1976. Originally non-profit, the hospital became for-profit when it was acquired by Steward Health Care in 2012.
Steward closed the hospital in 2024, citing financial issues it attributed to low insurance reimbursement rates. In 2022, the hospital had 203 beds and operated with revenues of $37.6 million at a loss of $11 million.
History
The Jewish Tuberculosis Sanatorium of New England was founded in 1927 by Samuel Doxer, Harry Lukatch, Max Blender, and Fanny Bocholtz. The facility officially opened in Rutland, Massachusetts in 1936, with physician Moses J. Stone serving as its first chief of staff from its opening until his death in 1952. Though operated with Jewish values and amenities, the sanatorium was described as non-sectarian, accepting patients regardless of religious affiliation.
In 1952, the sanatorium was renamed New England Sinai Hospital. Outgrowing its original buildings, the hospital purchased land in Jamaica Plain and began fundraising to renovate and fit the building there for use as its new campus. $500,000 was raised, and the new facility opened in 1955.
In 1976, the hospital moved to its ultimate location in Stoughton. By this time, the hospital expanded from tuberculosis care and began offering rehabilitation and care for chronic conditions.
New England Sinai, facing a poor financial outlook, was acquired in 2012 by for-profit health system Steward Health Care. Steward promised to fund the hospital's pension and invest $13 million in upgrades to the facility, among other commitments. Amid revelations of extensive financial difficulties across its organization, Steward closed the hospital in April 2024, citing poor financial performance and low reimbursement rates.
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77294223
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McVey%20Fire
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McVey Fire
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The McVey Fire was a wildfire that occurred in July 1939 in the Black Hills of South Dakota, United States. It burned and is one of the largest fires in Black Hills history. After the fire, the United States Forest Service (USFS) accidentally planted thousands of acres of a non-native species of ponderosa pine inside the burn scar. In 2022, the USFS began replacing the trees.
Events
The fire started on July 10, 1939, about northwest of Hill City, South Dakota. The cause was later determined to have been a lightning strike. Two post cutters working nearby noticed the fire and attempted to put it out but failed and fled to avoid the growing fire; they were initially suspected of arson but were later cleared.
Within the first 9 hours, the fire had grown to , and firefighters started a controlled burn. However, winds shifted around 11 p.m. on July 11, and the fire burned through a gap where the control line had not yet been burned. At its height, the fire grew at a speed of per hour. The fire, which spread in the tree canopy, became difficult to control. The fire was contained on July 12; once a controlled burn around its perimeter was established at 9:15 that morning, the fire extinguished quickly.
Approximately 1,755 people were involved in the firefighting efforts. Almost every Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) member in the Black Hills at the time was enlisted to help fight the McVey Fire. Other firefighters arrived from Bighorn National Forest and Shoshone National Forest, and a fire truck was sent from Denver.
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77294486
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caccothryptus%20arakawae
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Caccothryptus arakawae
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Caccothryptus arakawae is a species of minute marsh-loving beetle in the subfamily Limnichinae. The species was described alongside five other Caccothryptus species by Natural History Museum entomologist Keita Matsumoto in 2021, using specimens gathered by Martin J. D. Brendell at Kathmandu, Nepal in 1983. Six of Brendell's specimens were distinguished from its initial classification of Caccothryptus testudo due to distinct genital structures. The species was named for Hiromu Arakawa, the creator of manga series Fullmetal Alchemist.
Taxonomy
The Limnichidae (minute marsh-loving beetle) genus Caccothryptus was first described by David Sharp in 1902. In 2014, the genus was divided into five species groups by Carles Hernando and Ignacio Ribera.
A group of Caccothryptus specimens were collected in 1983 in Kathmandu, Nepal by Martin J. D. Brendell, curator of Coleoptera Department of Entomology at the Natural History Museum, London. These were labeled as C. ripicola and C. testudo, first described by forester Harry George Champion in 1923. These were stored at the Natural History Museum. In 2021, museum entomologist Keita Matsumoto identified a number of distinct species from these specimens. A male specimen from Kathmandu was labeled as the holotype for Caccothryptus arakawae. Five specimens (comprising three males and two females) were labeled paratypes. C. arakawae was placed in the species group C. testudo and named for Japanese manga artist Hiromu Arakawa, the creator of Fullmetal Alchemist.
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77294486
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caccothryptus%20arakawae
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Caccothryptus arakawae
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Description
The Caccothryptus arakawae specimens identified by Matsumoto have elytral lengths of 3.39–3.68 mm, and elytral widths of 2.32–2.52 mm. Their prothoraces are 0.90–1 mm in length and 2.03–2.11 mm in width. C. arakawae has an elongated oval body, brown in colour except for reddish tibia and long, white setae, which are distributed across both the upper and lower sides of the beetle. Its tarsi are divided into five segments, of increasing length, with the fifth segment as long as the others combined. It has long, narrow, light brown tarsal claws. The beetle's head, smooth and punctured, is slightly retracted into its pronotum, and features eleven-segment antennae. Little sexual dimorphism exists between the male and female specimen, beyond a longer fifth abdominal ventrite on the female.
The beetle's genitals display a number of differences from the original classification of C. testudo, which enabled its classification as a separate species. C. arakawae's median lobe narrows to a slightly pointed tip. It has a U-shaped depression between the V-shaped notches on the tip of the genitalia. The genitals' dorsum are wavy, forming two concave curves. Females have a long ovipositor.
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77294510
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean%20Herbarium
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Linnaean Herbarium
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Linnaeus's innovative approach to specimen management can be better understood compared to other historical collections of the era. Unlike earlier herbaria bound into fixed volumes, Linnaeus's cabinets allowed easy reorganisation and expansion. This innovation provided a model for later herbaria, emphasizing flexibility and adaptability in botanical classification. The Linnaean Herbarium shares similarities with other pre-Linnaean and early 18th-century collections, such as those of William Sherard, Hans Sloane, Paul Hermann, and Francesco Cupani. These collections, like the Linnaean Herbarium, contain specimens from various parts of the world, reflecting the global nature of botanical exploration at the time. However, the Linnaean Herbarium is notable for its larger size and comprehensive scope. It contains about 13,000 specimens, a significant increase compared to other collections of the period. For instance, the herbarium of Paolo Boccone (1633–1704) in Leiden contains 669 samples, Sherard's herbarium has about 20,000 specimens, and Cupani's collection comprises 669 samples focused on Sicilian flora.
The mounting methods used in these herbaria are also comparable. Linnaeus and contemporaries like Sloane and Hermann used strips of paper and glue to mount specimens. Unlike some other collections that underwent significant rearrangements over time, the Linnaean Herbarium remains largely in its original form, making it a particularly valuable resource for understanding 18th-century botanical practices.
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77294510
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean%20Herbarium
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Linnaean Herbarium
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Efforts to catalog and study the Linnaean Herbarium in detail date back to at least the mid-20th century. Spencer Savage's 1945 A Catalogue of the Linnaean Herbarium was a significant early work. In 1941, a microfilm of the herbarium was made with support from the Carnegie Foundation. In 1958–59, a more detailed photographic record was created in collaboration with the International Documentation Centre AB, Sweden, available in microfiche form. These efforts have ensured that high-quality, detailed images of the specimens are available for study, even outside the Linnean Society's rooms.
A comprehensive modern effort to catalogue and typify Linnaean plant names is Charlie Jarvis's Order Out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and Their Types, published in 2007. This monumental work, representing more than 25 years of research and collaboration with hundreds of botanists worldwide, meticulously designated type specimens for over 9000 plants named by Linnaeus, adhering to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
The entire Linnaean collections encompass 14,000 plant specimens, 158 fish specimens, 1,564 shells, 3,198 insects, 1,600 books, and 3,000 letters and documents. These items are available for viewing by appointment, and a guided tour is offered monthly.
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77294510
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean%20Herbarium
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Linnaean Herbarium
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The Linnaean lichen names have been a subject of extensive research and typification efforts. In 1994, Per Magnus Jørgensen and colleagues conducted a comprehensive study of Linnaeus' lichen herbarium, which is housed alongside his plant specimens at the Linnean Society of London and contains 324 sheets with 109 lichen taxa. They found that Linnaeus' treatment of lichens was somewhat arbitrary, reflecting his limited interest in the group. The authors' work involved examination of original specimens, illustrations, and Linnaeus' writings to establish lectotypes and epitypes for these names, often navigating complex issues of interpretation and nomenclature. This research led to a proposal to reject or conserve 26 Linnaean names for lichen-forming fungi.
Researchers working with the Linnaean Herbarium face persistent challenges, particularly in interpreting Linnaeus's handwriting. His hurried script, especially in later annotations, can be difficult to decipher, adding complexity to the process of accurately cataloging and interpreting the specimens.
Legacy
The Linnaean Herbarium remains an important resource for botanical research, especially in taxonomy and the history of botany. It provides invaluable insights into Linnaeus's work and the development of plant classification systems. As Stearn notes, "The Linnaean Herbarium from its world-wide scope has a world-wide interest", and its availability in microfiche form represents "a major service to systematic botany". Linnaeus's method of keeping herbarium sheets unbound in cabinets allowed for a flexible and dynamic system of botanical classification. This approach has influenced modern botanical practices, where the type method and the concept of holotypes are now standard. Linnaeus's insistence on detailed descriptions and comparisons of multiple specimens laid the groundwork for the taxonomic methods used today.
Other Linnaean herbaria
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77294510
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean%20Herbarium
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Linnaean Herbarium
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While the main Linnaean Herbarium is housed at the Linnean Society of London, other significant collections of Linnaean specimens exist elsewhere. These additional collections emerged from Linnaeus's practice of sharing specimens with colleagues and students and the dispersal of his collections after his death. These herbaria, though smaller than the main collection in London, are significant because they often contain type specimens and provide additional context for Linnaeus's work. They offer researchers alternative sources for studying Linnaean material, potentially filling gaps in the main collection or providing comparative specimens for taxonomic studies. A notable example is the Linnaean herbarium at the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm, comprising approximately 4,000 specimens.
These specimens were originally distributed by Linnaeus to his disciples and eventually became part of the collections of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, before being transferred to the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Many of these specimens are types that have been formally designated by various experts.
Efforts have been made to digitise and make these collections more accessible. Since 1997, the Swedish Museum of Natural History has worked to present images of these specimens on their web server, aiming to eventually include images of all sheets in their Linnaean collection. These additional Linnaean collections accentuate the widespread influence of Linnaeus's work and the dispersal of his specimens during and after his lifetime.
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77294609
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bees%20%28novel%29
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The Bees (novel)
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A regular feature of the bees' day is "Devotion", when the Queen's scent permeates the hive, the bees hum the Holy Chord, and the sisters of the hive experience a sense of union with one another and with their Holy Mother the Queen.
Plot
The story begins with the emergence from pupation of the protagonist, Flora 717, who faces prejudice and abuse throughout the story on account of her despised status. She is, however, larger and darker than most Flora, and born able to speak. For these reasons, the fertility police plan to kill her, but a cold and rainy summer has left the hive short-handed, and the priestess Sister Sage intervenes to save the talented heroine. Sister Sage sets Flora 717 to work in the nursery, feeding royal jelly (referred to by the bees as "flow") to the larvae. There Flora witnesses the fertility police destroying eggs laid by any bee other than the Queen, as well as any bee suspected of laying those eggs. Refusing to co-operate with the fertility police, Flora is threatened with execution but again saved by Sister Sage, who sends her to work in Sanitation. In this role, Flora encounters various areas of the hive (such as the Fanning Hall, where nectar is reduced into honey) and sections of hive society (such as the drones, who are entitled, demanding, adored by the sisters, and given to sexual harassment; Flora narrowly avoids being raped). Flora's work as a corpse-bearer takes her out of the hive for the first time.
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77294904
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB%20Seminary%20of%20Palermo
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Arbëreshë Seminary of Palermo
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The Arbëresh Seminary of Palermo was founded by Father Gjergj Guxeta (Italian: Padre Giorgio Guzzetta). This institution had the duty of welcoming and educating young people from the Arbëresh communities of the Byzantine rite present in Sicily. The Seminary thus became the most important religious and cultural center for the education - according to the Eastern Byzantine rite - of young generations of Arbëresh priests for their colonies in Sicily.
Father Gjergji Guxeta was the first rector of this center, serving for approximately ten years. He was succeeded by the priest Papa Pjetër d'Andrea from Himara, who in 1746 was appointed chaplain of the parish church of the Seminary of "Shën Kollit" (San Nicolò "dei Greci"), until his death on October 17 of the same year.
Following a valued collaboration from the early days of the same seminary, Father Guzzetta appointed Father Pal Maria Parrino (1710–1765) from Pallaci (Palazzo Adriano) as vice-rector in 1739, and in 1752 as rector of the Seminary he established in Palermo. After Guzzetta's tenure, Parrino became the second rector of the Italo-Albanian Seminary, a position he held from 1746 until 1765. He was assisted by Father Vasili Stasi (Italian: Basilio Stassi) from Piana degli Albanesi and Father Melchiorre Masi from Munxifsi (Mezzojuso).
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77295117
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminata%20Barrow
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Aminata Barrow
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Aminata (Amie) Nia-Maria Barrow (born 2 January 2004) is a Gambian competitive swimmer. She qualified to represent The Gambia at the 2024 Summer Olympics. Amie holds current national records in the 50, 100, and 200 meter breaststroke, and 200 meter individual medley.
Biography
Barrow was born in the United Kingdom; her father is from The Gambia and her mother is from Finland. Her family moved to the United States when she was age eight, settling in Shorewood, Wisconsin. She started swimming at age four and later began doing it competitively once she moved to the United States. She competed for Shorewood Swim Club under coach Dave Wesfahl and later at Shorewood High School. At Shorewood, she was a top student-athlete and competed on the swim team for four years, helping the high school's team be runner-up at the 2020 state championships while Barrow won an individual state high school championship in 2021, in the 100-yard breaststroke. In 2022, Barrow competed at the USA Swimming Wisconsin championships and won the 100- and 200-meter breaststroke events. Barrow graduated from Shorewood in 2022.
Barrow began swimming for the Brown Bears team in 2022. She made the Ivy Championship team and participated in eight meets during the 2022–23 season; she competed in the 100 and 200 breaststroke and 200 individual medley events. She competed at the Ivy League championships and placed 16th in the 100 breaststroke. In her sophomore year, she competed in seven meets and set her personal bests in the 100 and 200 breaststrokes. She competed at the Ivy League championships and placed 13th in the 100 breaststroke and seventh in the 200 breaststroke.
| 1.992188
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77295120
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth%20services
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Youth services
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The United States Department of Health & Human Services Office of the Administration for Children & Families extensively addresses youth services. Many issues are served by this agency, including:
Adolescent pregnancy prevention: These services "educate adolescents on both abstinence and contraception for the prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections... and exclusively implement[s] sexual risk avoidance education that teaches youth how to voluntarily refrain from non-marital sexual activity, empower youth to make healthy decisions, and provide tools and resources to prevent youth engagement in other risky behaviors."
Runaway and homeless youth: These programs "serve and protect runaway and homeless youth" through street outreach, transitional living skills education, and maternity group homes" for youth.
Foster care and successful transitions to adulthood: The agency "provides funding to support youth and young adults in or formerly in foster care in their transition to adulthood."
Unaccompanied refugee minors programs: "Services provided include arranging foster care, group homes, independent living situations, or reunification with relatives in the U.S., as well as other child welfare services to promote their well-being." The agency also researches and evaluates each of these program areas.
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77295120
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth%20services
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Youth services
|
U.S. state support
Similarly, many U.S. states, counties and local municipalities support youth services as well. In Utah, the Department of Health and Human Services houses a division called juvenile justice and youth services whose goal is to "prevent delinquent behaviors through positive youth and family development." The stated goals of this division include, "Keep[ing] youth safely in their homes, schools and communities; Early screening of a youth and family strength and needs; Connect youth and families to appropriate services in the community." In Massachusetts, the Massachusetts Department of Youth Services is the "Juvenile Justice agency for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts" and "promotes positive change in the youth in our care and custody." In Illinois, the Department of Human Services Office of Community and Positive Youth Development offers youth services for "youth who are in trouble with the legal system" and "runaways/lock-outs/homeless youth," as well as for youth employment, teen pregnancy prevention, substance abuse prevention, community initiatives, and other areas.
| 2.71875
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77295589
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl%20Biss
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Earl Biss
|
After studying oil painting on scholarship at the San Francisco Art Institute, Biss traveled to Europe to explore art museums and to study printmaking with Stanley William Hayter. Biss also spent six months painting on Corfu in Greece. Biss said, "I believe my work was most influenced by the works of the European masters: the violent translucent skies of [William] Turner, the impressionistic brush work of Monet, illusive suggestiveness of Whistlerlandscapes." Other influences included Edvard Munch, Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning.
Career
Biss had his first solo exhibition in 1972, which sold out and earned him enough money to travel and learn. He quickly became well known as a master oil painter in his own right, and his work was exhibited across the globe.
Biss moved often, setting up studios in places like Santa Fe, San Francisco, Red Lodge, and Colorado. He was a prolific artist who created thousands of works in his lifetime. Biss often worked in days-long painting sessions in which he would create under the influence of alcohol and other substances. He prided himself on his technique, once saying, "Ninety-nine percent of the artists in the United States don't really know oil painting and if an artist doesn't paint in oils then he isn't a real artist."
After years of artwork honoring his Apsáalooke heritage, Biss earned the name The Spirit Who Walks Among His People (Iláaxe Baahéeleen Díilish).
Personal life
Of Biss, his colleague Presley LaFountain said, "His passion was Indian people, horses, women and art." Biss had numerous relationships and marriages throughout his life.
In 1998, Biss died of a stroke while painting in his studio in Sante Fe, New Mexico. He is interred at the Crow Agency Cemetery in Crow Agency, Montana.
Legacy
In 2021, Biss was the subject of a documentary film Earl Biss: The Spirit Who Walks Among His People.
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77295826
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar%20Abedeen%20Qasmi%20Madani
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Omar Abedeen Qasmi Madani
|
Omar Abedeen Qasmi Madani is an Indian Islamic scholar, Mufti, and writer who serves as the deputy director of Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Hyderabad. He is an alumnus of Darul Uloom Sabil-us-Salam in Hyderabad, Darul Uloom Deoband, Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Osmania University, and the Islamic University of Madinah. He has authored several books, including Uloom-ul-Hadīth, Hindustān Mein Islam Ki Aamad Aur Ishā'at, Huqūq Aur Unki Kharīd-o-Farokht, Qurān-e-Karīm: Aadāb o Ahkām, and Ulama-e-Hind Ki Chand Aham Qurani Khidmāt.
Early life and education
Omar Abedeen Qasmi Madani was born on October 13, 1981. His father is Khalid Saifullah Rahmani.
After completing the Dars-e-Nizami course at Darul Uloom Sabil-us-Salam, Hyderabad, in 1999, he pursued the final year of the curriculum, specializing in Hadith studies, at Darul Uloom Deoband in 2000 and received a certificate of excellence. From 2002 to 2004, he completed a two-year Mufti course, a one-year diploma in manuscript research, and a one-year diploma in English language, all at Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Hyderabad. In 2004, he completed a BA in History and Sociology from Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad. In 2006, he received an MA in Urdu literature from Osmania University. In 2010, he completed a four-year BA in Hadith at the Islamic University of Madinah. In 2015, he completed his MA (Islamic Studies) from Maulana Azad National Urdu University.
Career
From 2010 to 2016, Madani taught as a lecturer in Hadith and Jurisprudence at Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Hyderabad. From 2013 to 2016, he chaired the Islamic Courses (Department of Islamization of Textbooks). Between 2013 and 2014, he served as a Mufti on Munsif TV Hyderabad's question-and-answer program Rāh-e-Hidāyat (), and from 2014 to 2016, he served as a Mufti on ETV Hyderabad's program Sharī'at Ki Roshni Main (). In March 2024, he gave a speech titled Ramadan Ka Paigham () on ETV Hyderabad's program Raunaq-e-Ramadan.
| 1.929688
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77295828
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Howard%20Mabuza
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Lady Howard Mabuza
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Lady Howard Mabuza is a Swazi politician. She served in the Cabinet of Eswatini as the Minister of Education and Training from 2019 to 2023. As education minister, she advocated for women's education and women's representation in government.
Career
Mabuza was elected Eswatini's Minister of Education and Training in 2019. Later that year she spoke about the importance of women's education and effective learning and its connection to HIV prevention, teen-pregnancy prevention, improved health, poverty reduction, job creation, and economic growth.
During the COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini, Mabuza pushed the government to hire 900 additional teachers to help schools reopen following the national lockdown. She encouraged students and teachers to receive the COVID-19 vaccine so that schools could reopen and extracurricular activities for students could resume. She thanked the Qatar Embassy in Eswatini for providing aid to students during the pandemic.
She visited Ndunayithini School, Mahamba High School, Ngwane Central Primary School, Mavula High School, and Longolotjeni School in August 2021 after they were damaged by vandals and arsonists. In October 2021, Mabuza denounced student protests and anti-monarchist strikes that demanded the release of detained pro-democracy members of parliament. The strikes led to sixteen schools closing indefinitely. Along with Eswatini Prime Minister Cleopas Sipho Dlamini, she gave warnings to teachers against showing solidarity with the student movement or taking part in the protests. She announced the reopening of schools in November 2021.
In November 2021, Mabuza initiated a "no work, no pay" policy for teachers who take off from work without explanation.
On 4 August 2022, Mabuza hosted a round table discussion for policy makers, development partners, and industry leaders as part of Eswatini's national preparations for the Transforming Education Summit.
| 2.1875
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77296011
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20career%20of%20Hubert%20Gough%20%281916%29
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Military career of Hubert Gough (1916)
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General Sir Hubert de la Poer Gough ( ; 12 August 1870 – 18 March 1963) was a senior officer in the British Army in the First World War. A controversial figure, he was a favourite of the Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, and the youngest of his Army commanders.
In 1916 Gough commanded the Reserve Corps, renamed the Reserve Army in April and renamed the Fifth Army in October during the Battle of the Somme. He was originally earmarked to command the exploitation forces, both infantry and cavalry, in the event of a decisive breakthrough being achieved, although he may also have been intended to command in Flanders in the event of British offensive efforts being switched to that sector.
After the First Day of the Somme he was placed in command of the hilly northern sector of the battlefield, tasked with capturing important defensive ground and drawing off German reserves from the main BEF effort by Rawlinson's Fourth Army. Gough's Army fought over Pozieres and Mouquet Farm in the summer, and in the autumn captured Thiepval and Schwaben Redoubt, both of which had been targets for the initial BEF attack on 1 July.
| 2.578125
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77296011
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20career%20of%20Hubert%20Gough%20%281916%29
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Military career of Hubert Gough (1916)
|
The fighting at Thiepval went on until November and was later criticised by the Official Historian for lack of co-ordination and excessive reliance on infantry elan.
Battle of the Ancre Heights
The Battle of the Ancre Heights (1 October – 11 November) was conducted further to the left of Gough's sector. Haig issued orders (29 September) for further advances by Reserve and Fourth Armies. Gough was to attack Loupart Wood from the south and Beaumont Hamel from the west. The plan was for Reserve Army to advance and capture more ground in one battle than in three months of campaigning.
On 8 October, the 1st and 3rd Canadian divisions, on Gough's right flank, assisted another of Rawlinson's offensives by attacking unsuccessfully towards Le Sars and Regina Trench, only to be held up by German wire. Speaking to Haig that afternoon, Gough blamed the 3rd Canadian Division, claiming that in some cases they had not even left their trenches. Stuff Redoubt fell (9 October) to a battalion of 25th Division. Schwaben Redoubt was attacked unsuccessfully (9 October) in a surprise night attack with no barrage, then successfully on 14 October after a two-day bombardment. These costly penny-packet attacks sometimes involved little more than a single battalion. A big German counterattack was then repulsed. By this time Gough was discussing with Haig the possibility that the war might go on into 1917, requiring fresh offensives.
After two weeks of rain had rendered plans for exploitation unrealistic, Gough issued a new, more cautious plan (15 October), in which 45 tanks were to be used, although he was still under pressure from Haig to exploit to the north and north-east. Stuff and Regina Trenches (which ran approximately west–east north of a line from Thiepval to Courcelette) were then captured in a major attack by 35th, 25th, 18th and 4th Canadian divisions, completing the capture of the Ancre Heights. The battle testified to the revived German defence after their panic of September.
| 2.09375
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77296169
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1733%20Dongchuan%20earthquake
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1733 Dongchuan earthquake
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The 1733 Dongchuan earthquake affected Yunnan in China on August 2. The earthquake, which had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 7.75, damaged homes across the province. There were dozens of fatalities and more deaths occurred in mines. The earthquake was the result of faulting along the Xiaojiang Fault Zone.
Geology
The Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault is a major sinistral strike-slip fault system in China that runs along the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. It comprises the Xianshuihe, Anninghe-Zemuhe, Xiaojiang and Daliangshan faults. The Xiaojiang Fault Zone represents the southeastern part of the Sichuan–Yunnan tectonic block's eastern boundary. The Sichuan–Yunnan block's southwestern margin is represented by the Jinshajiang and Red River faults. The Xiaojiang Fault Zone is seismically active, having been associated with over ten earthquakes greater than magnitude 6.0 since 1500. This includes a 8.0 earthquake in 1833.
Earthquake
The earthquake produced an surface rupture along the eastern segment of the northern Xiaojiang Fault Zone. It extended north–south from Shiliping to Tianba. It was also associated with a depression about long and across, bounded by vertical escarpments measuring . Approximately of sinistral offset represented the largest strike-slip displacement from the earthquake. Vertical offsets were exclusively recorded south of the Dongchuan basin. Earthquakes of such magnitudes have an average return interval of 2,000 to 3,000 years.
| 2.75
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75660455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USLHT%20Arbutus%20%281933%20ship%29
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USLHT Arbutus (1933 ship)
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Her hull was built of mild steel plates, riveted together. The ship was long overall, with a beam of , a depth of hold of , and a draft of . She displaced 997 tons, fully loaded. Arbutus was driven by two propellers. Power was provided by two triple-expansion steam engines. Each engine generated 500 horsepower at 150 RPM. The ship was capable of reaching a maximum speed of 11.3 knots. Steam for the engines was produced by two oil-fired boilers which had a working pressure of 200 pounds per square inch. The engines were built by Pusey and Jones.
The ship was equipped with a steel mast and boom that served as a derrick to lift buoys and other loads on and off the ship. A separate steam engine and winch gave the derrick the ability to hoist loads of up to 20 tons.
The covered forecastle on the main deck housed the crew washrooms and toilets, and stowage for deck equipment. Crew quarters were on the lower deck forward, and petty officers' quarters were on the lower deck aft. The steel main deck house held the galley, pantry, crew's mess, and officers' staterooms and dining room. Above the main deck house forward were the pilot house, ship's office, and adjoining captain's cabin, and washroom. The upper deck aft contained the radio room, and a stateroom, washroom, and dining room for the Lighthouse District Superintendent, as well as an extra stateroom.
Lighthouse tenders were named for trees and shrubs. Arbutus is a genus of flowering plants in the heather family. The Arbutus launched in 1933 was the third vessel of that name to serve as a lighthouse tender. The second USLHT Arbutus was launched in 1879.
U.S. Lighthouse Service (1933–1939)Arbutus was assigned to the 2nd Lighthouse District which encompassed the coast of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Her home port was New Bedford, Massachusetts. She began her work there in July 1933 delivering supplies to the lighthouse at Bristol, Rhode Island.
| 2.515625
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75660538
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson%20Davis%3A%20The%20Man%20and%20His%20Hour
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Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour
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Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour is a 1991 book by William C. Davis, published by HarperCollins Publishers. It is a biography of Jefferson Davis.
The author is not a relative of Jefferson Davis.
Background
William C. Davis wrote at least 25 books about the Southern United States and the U.S. Civil War.
The author used Rice University's "Papers of Jefferson Davis" collection for research.
Contents
There are 706 pages.
According to Herman Hattaway of University of Missouri–Kansas City, Civil War coverage and coverage of pre-Civil War affairs make up around 48% and 42% of the book, and the time Davis was imprisoned is covered in 19 pages. John M. McCardell, Jr. of Middlebury College stated that the Civil War coverage is around 50% of the work. Gary Marotta of University of Southwest Louisiana stated that the pre-1861 content is almost 33%, and that the post-Civil War content is the "slimist" (meaning "slimmest") aspect. According to Hattaway, the conclusion is expressed in 18 pages.
Marotta stated that the author "sees through the Jefferson Davis myth", arguing that the author did not examine the reasons why Davis did his actions even though he presented superficial aspects of it.
According to the book, Jefferson Davis micromanaged, overall had poor overall actions as president, and as stated by Marotta, had a "character and personality" incompatible with his job.
Reception
David Herbert Donald, in The New York Times, described the book as "richly textured", "a standard, authoritative account of" the subject's life, and "the fullest and best biography yet written".
Hattaway described the book as "the best extant biography of" Davis. Hattaway characterized the book as being imbalanced, with the amount of coverage of content other than the Civil War period and Davis' life prior to the Civil War as "disappointingly scant".
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75660773
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20H.%20Rider
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Jane H. Rider
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Jane H. Rider (August 18, 1889 – March 4, 1981) was an engineer and bacteriologist. She was the first female engineer in Arizona. Her career largely focused on the health field, including sanitary engineering, hospital surveying, and hospital construction. She worked as the Arizona State Director of Hospital Surveys from 1948 to 1961.
Biography
Jane Herbst Rider was born on August 18, 1889, to Percy Sower Rider and Bessie (née Herbst) Rider in Sewickley, Pennsylvania. Her father and grandfather were both engineers, partially inspiring her profession.
In 1911, Rider was the first female engineering graduate at the University of Arizona, achieving a bachelors degree and being the fourth graduate of the Department of Civil Engineering. She was the first woman licensed in Arizona as an engineer. Rider also completed some graduate work at the University of Pennsylvania.
In her senior year of college, Rider discovered an interest in bacteriology. After she graduated from College, Rider worked as a bacteriologist at the Arizona State Laboratories (now the Arizona Health Services Laboratory). In 1916, she became the director of the lab– the first woman in the position. In this position, she ensured the safety of Arizona's water and milk and promoted sanitation and pasteurization. The lab also tested food and drugs, as there was not yet a federal act to do so.
During World War I, Rider took a leave of absence to work with the American Red Cross.
In 1920, Rider's role was expanded to include her commission as a Collaboration Sanitary Engineer by the Public Health Service. In this position, she inspected water supplies shipped interstate on the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe Railroads. That year, there was a botulism outbreak in Florence, Arizona, which involved searching a dump for cans with the causative agent (in this instance, canned beets).
| 2.578125
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75660950
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance%20in%20Lombardy
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Renaissance in Lombardy
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The structure is inspired by Brunelleschi's Sagrestia Vecchia in San Lorenzo in Florence, with a square room equipped with a scarsella and covered by a dome with sixteen ribbed segments. Some details in the decoration are also inspired by the Florentine model, such as the frieze of cherubs or the roundels in the spandrels of the dome, but others depart from it, marking a Lombard origin. These are the tiburium protecting the dome, the terracotta decoration, the presence of pointed biforas, and the general decorative exuberance. The interior in particular departs from the Florentine model in the vibrant richness of its decorations, such as the rich imbrication of the dome in sloping hues, the frieze with angels on the drum, and the numerous frescoes by Vincenzo Foppa in the upper part of the walls.
Urban planning
Research in town planning under Francesco Sforza did not result in major concrete interventions, but it nevertheless produced a singular project of an ideal city, Sforzinda, the first to be fully theorized. The city was described by Filarete in the Treatise on Architecture and is characterized by an intellectual abstraction that prescinds from the earlier scattered indications of a more practical and empirical approach described by Leon Battista Alberti and other architects, especially in the context of the Urbino Renaissance. The city had a stellar plan, linked to cosmic symbols, and included aggregated buildings without organicity or internal logic, so much so that they were not even linked by a road network, which was instead set to a perfectly radial pattern.
Painting
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75660950
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance%20in%20Lombardy
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Renaissance in Lombardy
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The Certosa di Pavia, started in 1396 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, was resumed only in the mid-15th century, following in a sense the fortunes of the Milanese ducal family, with long periods of stagnation and abrupt accelerations, welcoming the gradually more modern ideas of the artistic scene. It was mainly taken care of by Guiniforte and Giovanni Solari, who kept the original design (Latin cross plan with three naves and simple brick masonry), enriching only the apse part with a trefoil closure that is also repeated in the arms of the transepts. The two cloisters with round arches, decorated with exuberant terracotta ferrules, hark back to the Ospedale Maggiore, while the interior cites the Milan Cathedral.
Sculpture
In sculpture, the most significant building site of the period was the Certosa di Pavia. The numerous sculptors engaged in the decoration of the facade, not all of whom have been identified, were subject to obvious Ferrara and Bramante influences. For example, in the relief of the Expulsion of the progenitors (c. 1475) attributed to Cristoforo Mantegazza, there is a graphic sign, sharp angles, unnatural and unbalanced deviations of the figures, and violent chiaroscuro, with results of great expressiveness and originality. In Giovanni Antonio Amadeo's Resurrection of Lazarus (c. 1474), on the other hand, the setting emphasizes more the depth of architecture in perspective, with more composed figures albeit etched by abrupt contours.
Ludovico il Moro (1480–1500)
At the time of Ludovico il Moro, in the last two decades of the 15th century, artistic production in the Milanese duchy progressed between continuity and innovation. The tendency toward pomp and ostentation reached its peak, especially at special court celebrations.
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75661228
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activism%20against%20violence%20against%20women
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Activism against violence against women
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Each level of activism is intertwined and has the common purpose to end violence against women. Activism on local levels can significantly affect national, transnational and international levels as well. In a scholarly article on Combating Violence Against Women, the authors illustrated from their research analysis on how the norms of international society can shape and influence policy making on the domestic or national level and vice versa. They argue that there are three mechanisms which have effects on the making of national policies as well as global agreements and conventions: "1) the influence of global treaties and documents such as CEDAW on women's rights" on the national policies, "2) the influence of regional agreements on VAW (particularly after certain tipping points are reached)" on both domestic policies and international conventions and "3) regional demonstration effects or pressure for conformity captured as diffusion within regions" on the international norms and agreements.
Targeted campaigns
In November 2021, Iamhere international, a group focused on increasing counter-speech on social media, started a 16-day campaign all forms of gender-based violence, particularly cyber violence.
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75661244
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jone%20Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez
|
Jone Ibáñez
|
Jone Ibáñez Mazo (born 22 July 1997) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder. She most recently played for Eibar.
Early life and education
Ibáñez is a native of Galdakao (Biscay, Basque Country) in Spain. She studied sports science at the University of Deusto.
Career
Ibáñez joined the youth academy of Athletic Club at the age of 15. She had a small role as the club won the Primera División championship in 2016, however, later in that year she sustained a dislocation of her kneecap which kept her out of action for almost a year, and then had the same injury in 2019, this time undergoing surgery to prevent a recurrence. She renewed her contract with Athletic in 2020, but left in 2021.
She later played for Deportivo Abanca and for Eibar (signing for both clubs together with her friend and teammate at Athletic, Andrea Sierra), helping Eibar to achieve promotion from the second tier in 2023. She departed from the Gipuzkoan club in acrimonious circumstances after it was made clear that the coach did not intend to use her and ostracised her from the group, resulting in the parties terminating the contract.
Style of play
Ibáñez mainly operates as a midfielder and has been described as a "solid midfielder in marking, hard-working and with a great competitive character".
| 1.992188
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75661248
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Moynihan%20%28judge%29
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Martin Moynihan (judge)
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The Hon Justice Martin Patrick Moynihan was an eminent Australian lawyer and judge.
Moynihan was born the son of barrister and acting Supreme Court Justice Nicholas Moynihan. After completing high school in 1958 at Marist College Ashgrove, Moynihan went on to study Bachelor of Laws at the University of Queensland. Graduating in 1965, he was subsequently called to the bar of the Supreme Court of Queensland. He practiced as a barister for 19 years before becoming Queen's Council in 1980.
In 1984 Moynihan was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland. In 1986, He famously heard the Mabo case for the High Court of Australia. Between 1991 and 2007, he served as Queensland's inaugural Senior Judge Administrator of the Supreme Court, forging many of the court's contemporary protocols. Moynihan served as chair of the Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission from 2010-2011.
In 2001, Moynihan was awarded the Centenary Medal for long and distinguished service as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland. In 2002, he was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Australia for services to the judiciary.
| 1.914063
| 0
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75661363
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryusei%20Nishioka
|
Ryusei Nishioka
|
Ryusei Nishioka (; born November 1, 2003) is a Japanese trampoline gymnast. He won two silver medals at the 2021 World Championships and one bronze medal at the 2023 World Championships. In 2021, he broke the world record difficulty score for trampoline gymnastics.
Early and personal life
Nishioka was born on November 1, 2003, in Higashiōsaka and began artistic gymnastics when he was two years old. He switched to trampoline gymnastics in grade one of primary school. As of 2024, he studies law at Kindai University. Despite competing in trampoline gymnastics, he is afraid of heights and will not ride roller coasters, and he does not enjoy the sport.
Career
Nishioka won the title at the 2015 All-Japan Junior Championships when he was in grade six. He competed at his first World Age Group Competition in 2017 and won the individual silver medal in the 13–14 age group. At the 2018 Pacific Championships, he won a gold medal in the team event. He also won a bronze medal in the junior individual event and a silver medal in the synchronized event with Motoki Nakayama. He then won the individual bronze medal at the 2018 World Age Group Competition in the 15–16 age group.
Nishioka won the All-Japan Championships at the senior level in both 2020 and 2021. He was initially not age-eligible for the 2020 Summer Olympics, but the one-year postponement of the Games gave him the opportunity to compete. He was selected as the alternate for Japan's team. He won a silver medal in the individual event at the 2021 Brescia World Cup.
During the 2021 World Championships in Baku, Nishioka successfully competed a routine with seven triple somersaults. His difficulty score was 18.900, which broke the world record difficulty score for trampoline gymnastics. With this routine, he won the silver medal in the individual event behind China's Yan Langyu due to a lower execution score. He also won a silver medal in the individual team event.
| 1.929688
| 0
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75661485
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan%20GT-R%20in%20motorsport
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Nissan GT-R in motorsport
|
In 2014, Super GT regulations were aligned with those of the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, and so the V8 engine was replaced by the NR20A 2.0-litre, 4-cylinder turbocharged engine. The car took the most out of the regulation overhaul, it repeatedly won both 2014 and 2015 championships with Team Nismo drivers, Quintarelli and Tsugio Matsuda. It won 7 races and 21 podium finishes during both seasons. In 2016, reigning champions ended up 3rd in standings, the car scored 5 race wins, 2 pole positions and 7 podium finishes with four different teams during the season. Although the team scored a race win, a pole position and 3 podium finishes, both Nismo drivers missed out in the championship by 2 points in 2017. Combined with other teams' results, the car ended the season with a race win, 2 pole positions, and 4 podium finishes.
Regulation changes in 2018 saw the beginning of an unsuccessful era for the GT-R Nismo GT500, as it only managed to achieve a race win, a pole position, and 2 podium finishes. End of the season, Team Nismo were a disappointing 8th in championship standings. The 2019 season saw improvements, attaining a race win, 3 pole positions, 2 fastest laps and 6 podium finishes during the season. Team Nismo finished 3rd in standings, 32.5 points behind the championship winners. In 2020, Team Nismo fell back to 5th in standings, as the car only scored 2 race wins, a fastest lap, and 3 podium finishes. Scoring 2 race wins and 6 podium finishes during the 2021 season, it was announced that the GT-R Nismo GT500 will be retired by the end of the season. Including its 5 drivers' and 4 teams' championships, the GT-R Nismo GT500 has the most race wins for a GT500 car, a record 41 race wins (including 2 Suzuka 10 Hours wins) and 89 podium finishes from 113 race starts, making it one of the most successful GT500 race cars of all time. The car was replaced by the Nissan Z GT500 for the 2022 season, after the model's 15-years of absence.
| 2.03125
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75662282
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin%20Kinge%20Lindboe
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Karin Kinge Lindboe
|
Karin Kinge Lindboe (born 16 March 1947) is a Norwegian children's writer.
She was born in Oslo. Attending teachers' college, she also did undergraduate studies in English at the University of Bergen, and worked several years as a teacher in Oslo. She made her literary debut in 1992.
Her first book Mormors hjerte was published by Aschehoug, which remained her publisher for almost all her books, keeping a steady pace of one book each year except for 1996, 2002, 2003, 2009 and 2012 – until her last book Lucas Jackson in 2018.
Lindboe was noted for her trilogy set in the Bronze Age; Solkvinnens flamme (1998), Gaupesommer (1999) and Vinterkråke (2001). For her young adult fiction book Stella (2004) she was nominated for the Norwegian Critics Prize for Children's Literature. Lindboe later won this award for 2011's Etterpå varer så lenge, which handled loss of friends to cancer.
Most of her later books featured the characters Sam and Noa, except for Far og Sachsenhausen (2016), a novel about her father's imprisonment in Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
| 1.984375
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75662308
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish%20war%20crimes
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Turkish war crimes
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The official policy of the newly-founded Turkey was to dismantle traditional Kurdish Islamic tribal society and institutions, as well as to continue with the CUP's repressive and assimilationist policies. Consequently, the Kurds began to mobilize for a resistance, culminating with the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925; in response, the government mobilized half of the Turkish Army and conducted an aerial bombing campaign against the Kurds. The rebellion was ultimately crushed and Sheikh Said executed. later that year, the government initiated a pogrom in Diyarbakir, executing civilians and burning villages to the ground, which in total destroyed about 206 villages and killed 15,200 people. By late 1925, a new deportation law was implemented and the Kurdish elite – numbering about 500 – were deported to western Turkey.
Zilan massacre
In mid-1930, during the Ararat rebellion, the Turkish Armed Forces committed large-scale massacres against Kurdish villages in Ağrı Province that showed support for the rebels, killing between 4,500 to 15,000 people, many of them civilians. According to Cumhuriyet, the massacres left the Zilan River full of corpses, and villages on the outskirts of Mount Ararat were burned to the ground. The British Foreign Office argued "that the Turkish 'success' near Ergish and Zilan [was, in reality,] gained over a few armed men and a large percentage of non-combatants."
Massacres in the Dersim region
In response to a rebellion in the Dersim region, Turkish forces launched military operations in 1937 and 1938 that devastated the region, massacring between 13,000 to 40,000 people, and forcibly deporting 3,000 more.
| 2.640625
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75662308
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish%20war%20crimes
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Turkish war crimes
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At the beginning of the conflict, the PKK's relationship with its civilian supporters created incentives for the Turkish government to use terrorism against Kurdish citizens in the Kurdish dominated southeast region of Turkey. Since the early 1980s, the authorities have systematically used arbitrary arrests, executions of suspects, excessive force, and torture to suppress opposition. In 1995, Human Rights Watch (HRW) reported that it was common practice for Turkish soldiers to kill Kurdish civilians and take pictures of their corpses with weapons they carried only for staging the events. Killed civilians were shown to press as PKK "terrorists".In January 2016, during a period of escalation in the conflict, more than 1,000 scholars and academics (from 90 Turkish Universities and abroad) signed a petition entitled "We will be not a party to this crime!", calling for an end to the government's attacks on Kurdish-majority areas of the country (describing it as a "deliberate massacre"), as well as a resumption of the peace process.
Imprisonment, torture and enforced disappearances of Kurds
Since the 1990s,Turkish security services had resorted to enforced disappearances, wherein Kurds would be detained and never seen again, with only eyewitnesses coming forward to tell the story. In 1997, Amnesty International reported that disappearances and extrajudicial executions had emerged as new and disturbing patterns of human rights violations by the Turkish state. According to the Human Rights Association (İHD), there have been 940 cases of enforced disappearance since the 1990s. In addition to that, more than 3,248 people who were murdered in extrajudicial killings are believed to have been buried in 253 separate burial places. On 6 January 2011, the bodies of 12 people were found in a mass grave near an old police station in Mutki, Bitlis. A few months later, three other mass graves were reportedly found in the garden of Çemişgezek police station.
| 2.484375
| 0
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75663257
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gia%20Ionesco
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Gia Ionesco
|
Gia Ionesco is a Romanian-born keyboardist, composer, and bandleader, known for his contributions to the genres of jazz, avant-garde, jazz fusion, progressive rock, and third stream music.
Early life and education
Gia Ionesco was born in Bucharest, Romania. He comes from a family of distinguished scientists: his father, a Ph.D. member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences, and his mother, a nuclear physicist.
His high school band, Pegasus, participated in major Romanian jazz and rock festivals. Later, his involvement with the group Om led to collaborations with well-known Romanian musicians and participation in diverse musical projects, including movie music and a rock opera.
He attended the Graphic Arts & Music School No. 3, Berzei, in Bucharest, from 1972 to 1976, where he studied both music and graphic arts. From 1978 to 1986, he studied a master's degree in the Faculty of Hydraulic pumps and Turbines at the Politehnica University of Bucharest.
In 1985, he achieved Professional Accreditation as a Piano Solo Virtuoso, Category 1, from the Romanian Ministry of Education. From 1984 to 1988, he studied jazz piano, improvisation, and harmony under Professor Marius Popp, and classical piano and harmony with Professor Dan Mizrahi at the Popular Conservatory of Music in Bucharest.
In 1968–1990, he also studied advanced classical piano, musical composition with Professor Anca Stephanesco, later at Brussel Conservatory of Music. From 1970 to 1996, Ionesco worked with composition, forms, harmony, counterpoint, orchestration, and arrangement under the guidance of Professor Richard Bartzer at The Bartzer Consort in Bucharest. Additionally, between 1985 and 1989, he studied in Electro-Acoustics and Musical Recordings at TVR under the leadership of Fromi Moreno, a composer, producer, and sound engineer.
| 2.046875
| 0
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75663666
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyte%20Triat
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Hippolyte Triat
|
Biography
Hippolyte Triat was born Antoine Hippolyte Trilhac in Saint-Chaptes in the Gard on 14 October 1812; he was the youngest of a large family born to Marguerite Bailesse and Félix Trilhac. At the time of his child's birth, Félix, who was 50 years old, was employed as a gardener for Marie Anne Aubin de Bellevue, widow of François Paul de Brueys d'Aigalliers. Triat's older sister took charge of his upbringing in Nîmes when he lost both parents at the age of four. At six, he was kidnapped by vagabonds, then sold to a troupe of Italian acrobats in Nice. He stayed with them for seven years, traveling to Italy and Austria, before settling in Spain. Triat became a mascot, was dressed as a girl, and worked as a rope dancer in the troupe under the name of Isela. In 1825, the troupe disbanded, and he remained with a Spaniard known as Consuelo, and formed with the man and two of his sons, a weightlifting and physique posing group called "Les Alcides". Triat became popular in Spain and was known by the nickname of "L'Enfant" (The Child). On tour in Burgos in 1828, he tried to stop a runaway horse and its hooves broke his left leg. The accident forced him to remain in Burgos for a long time. He was taken in by the wealthy Mme Montsento, who acted as his benefactor, paying for him to be educated at the Jesuit college of Burgos, where he remained until he was 22. During this time he learned French and Spanish, and read classical and renaissance gymnastics and physical education literature volumes in the school library. Among these books were the works of Girolamo Mercuriale, d'Andry, and Chevalier Capriani. While persisting in his physical exercises and instructing a few followers, Triat engaged in the formulation and organization of ideas that would eventually shape his physical education methods.
| 2.6875
| 0
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75663724
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladys%20Agness%20Newton
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Gladys Agness Newton
|
Gladys Agness Newton born Gladys Agness Miller (March 6, 1901 – November 24, 1988) was an Australian community worker. She started the Slow Learning Children's Group which became the Activ Foundation and in 2023 it had over 2,000 employees.
Life
Newton was born in 1901 in Paddington near Kalgoorlie. Her parents were Mabel Lucy (born Addicott) and Robert Henry Miller.
Her father ran a shop. She left Kalgoorlie aged sixteen and she became a stenographer in Perth.
In 1948 she and her husband Arthur took their child from the school where he was being bullied. They enrolled him in a small class organised by the University of Western Australia's psychology department. Her son had his education there with other children who also had intellectual disabilities.
She called a meeting in 1951 that was attended by parents, like herself, of children with intellectual disabilities and from that meeting the Slow Learning Children's Group of Western Australia was formed. Gertrude Ruston became the group's president and served until 1954. Newton was the group's organising secretary. The group's core value was that their children were Australian citizens and the state had a duty of care. They believed that their children did not require mainstream schools but facilities where they could be trained. They wanted to see workshops and segregated schools for their children and, when they became adults, then again separate establishments.
Newton died in 1988 in Subiaco. In 1989 "Our children: a history of the Slow Learning Children's Group of WA, 1951–1988" was published written by Heather Hunt. The Slow Learning Children's Group became the Activ Foundation and it had over 2,000 employees in 2023. In 1967 her work was recognised during a debate at the Western Australian parliament.
| 2.0625
| 0
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75664442
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.%20E.%20Bromige
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F. E. Bromige
|
Frank Ernest Bromige (5 July 1902 – 23 December 1979) was a British architect of the Modernist and Art Deco styles. He is principally known for designing leisure buildings, especially cinemas, working mainly in Greater London and surrounding areas.
Life and career
Bromige was born in Lisson Grove, Marylebone in 1902. In 1921, after a year studying at the School of Architecture at the London Polytechnic, he started working in the architectural practice of Clifford Aish. This commercial practice specialised in shops, offices, and increasingly cinemas. In 1931, Bromige set up his own practice, although he was not a registered architect until 1933.
His firm worked extensively on designing cinema buildings in spacious suburban settings. According with the rapid development of suburban architecture of 1930s London, cinemas and other leisure buildings were recognisably modern and innovative, and also accounted for the need to attract customers as they travelled past. This meant sculptural concrete forms, and bold graphic design and lighting. Bromige's audacious designs reflected his belief in the role of cinemas as important landmark buildings in suburban settings, and so paralleled the work of American cinema architect S. Charles Lee. Early on in his career Bromige drew on Art Deco, but by the mid-1930s he was inspired by German expressionist architecture, such as Erich Mendelsohn's Einstein Tower. Further parallels can be seen with the work of Joseph Embleton at Blackpool Pleasure Beach.
| 2.46875
| 0
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75664474
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksandr%20Tsynkalovsky
|
Oleksandr Tsynkalovsky
|
Works
In addition to archaeological research, Oleksander Tsynkalovsky wrote about the earliest events in the history of Ukraine, focusing on the Cherven cities – Chełm, princely cities Drohiczyn, Przemyśl. He did not overlook scholarly themes related to art—he was one of the first to connect the life and work of the prominent Ukrainian icon painter of the early 18th century, Yov Kondzelevych, with Volyn. Before the war, he discovered Kondzelevych's works in Zahoriv, Voschatyn and other villages. In the field of art and architecture, he published works such as "Architecture of Lemkivshchyna and Hrubeshivshchyna" and articles such as "Churches of the pre-Mongol and Mongol period in Volyn and Galicia" (1969), "Enkolpion Crosses" (1972), "Churches of the XV–XVIII centuries in Western Ukraine," and more. He devoted significant attention to hydrology and cartography. Due to his interests in these sciences, he created 12 maps of Polissia and Volyn. Tsynkalovsky also participated in creating a bibliography with an analysis of samples of European literature.
On a professional level, he was interested in hydrology and cartography. Author of 12 maps of Volyn and Polissia.
He compiled a bibliography with an analysis of samples of European literature.
| 2.046875
| 0
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