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75680898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20in%20paleomammalogy
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2024 in paleomammalogy
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Gibert et al. (2024) determine the early hominin sites in the Orce region of Spain: Venta Micena, Barranco León-5 and Fuente Nueva-3 to be, respectively, approximately 1.32, 1.28 and 1.23 million years old, and interpret these dates as indicating that early hominins using Oldowan technology reached Europe approximately 0.5 million years after first leaving Africa.
Despriée et al. (2024) determine the occupation of the Lunery-Rosieres la-Terre-des-Sablons site (France) by early hominins to date to around 1,175,000 years ago, and interpret the stone tool industries from this site and from other sites from Western Europe of similar age as indicating that early European hominins settled in zones that were only inhospitable during very cold stages, opportunistically flaked local siliceous materials and occasionally attempted complex core technologies.
Ma et al. (2024) report evidence of the use of prepared-core technique at the Cenjiawan site in the Nihewan Basin (China), and interpret this finding as indicating that hominins with advanced technologies might have been present in high latitude East Asia as early as 1.1 million years ago.
Evidence interpreted as indicating that Mid-Pleistocene environmental changes resulted in early hominins from southern part of Palearctic Eurasia becoming more widely dispersed and stimulated improvements in technology complexes is presented by Zan et al. (2024).
A study on the cranial morphology and probable relationships of Pleistocene archaic hominins from eastern Asia is published by Kaifu & Athreya (2024), who interpret their findings as supporting the continuity and integrity of Homo erectus from Java as a single evolutionary lineage, providing evidence of cranial form similarity between African and Chinese fossils, interpret Homo erectus as likely ancestral to both Homo floresiensis and Homo luzonensis, and find no evidence that Denisovans crossed the seas of Southeast Asia.
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75680898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20in%20paleomammalogy
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2024 in paleomammalogy
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Troiano et al. (2024) report the discovery of an association of Early Cretaceous dinosaur tracks and petroglyphs from the Serrote do Letreiro Site (Brazil), and interpret the association as indicating that the engravers acknowledged at least the footprints of theropod dinosaurs and intentionally executed the petroglyphs around them.
Evidence from isotope analysis of human remains from Taforalt (Morocco), interpreted as indicative as substantial plant-based component in the diets of the hunter-gatherers from this site during the Later Stone Age, is presented by Moubtahij et al. (2024).
Evidence of use of a wheeled-shaped tool harnessed in a rotational mechanism is reported from the 12,000-year-old Natufian site Nahal Ein Gev II (Israel) by Yashuv & Grosman (2024).
Remains of a stonewall, interpreted as most likely used as a driving lane for the reindeer hunt during the Younger Dryas or early Preboreal and thus representing one of the oldest known examples of hunting architecture worldwide and possibly the oldest man-made megastructure in Europe, are described from the Bay of Mecklenburg (Baltic Sea off the German coast) by Geersen et al. (2024).
Evidence from ancient DNA from chewed pitch from the Mesolithic Huseby Klev site (Sweden), interpreted as indicating that people from this site suffered from dental diseases similar to modern periodontitis cases, is presented by Kırdök et al. (2024).
A study on the genetic ancestries and social dynamics of Late Mesolithic individuals from Téviec, Hoedic and Champigny (France), representing some of the last Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in western Europe, is published by Simões et al. (2024), who report evidence of distinct social units of hunter-gatherers in Brittany that maintained intermarriage networks.
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75680898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20in%20paleomammalogy
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2024 in paleomammalogy
|
Allentoft et al. (2024) present evidence from ancient genomes from Eurasia, interpreted as indicative of existence of a clear genetic division between Eurasian human populations living on the opposite sites of the boundary zone extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic which lasted throughout the Mesolithic and Neolithic, with large-scale shifts in genetic ancestry related to the arrival of the Early European Farmers visible only in the areas west of the boundary zone, and dissolving only after the spread of the Western Steppe Herders across western Eurasia.
A study on human demographic trends in 16 regions throughout 30,000 years of human history, providing evidence that frequent disturbances enhanced populations' capacity to resist and recover from later downturns, is published by Riris et al. (2024).
Morton-Hayward et al. (2024) compile an archive of human brains preserved in the archaeological record spanning approximately 12,000 years, identifying a total of 4405 preserved human brains, including 1308 brains preserved as the only soft tissue among skeletonized remains.
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75680898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20in%20paleomammalogy
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2024 in paleomammalogy
|
Evidence from the study of skulls of extant and fossil members of the genus Lagostomus, interpreted as indicative of similarity of ontogenetic changes in the skulls of members of the studied lineage since the Pliocene, is presented by Segura et al. (2024).
Evidence indicating that Erethizon poyeri had a long, prehensile tail, grasping foot, and lacked dental specializations for bark gnawing - unlike extant North American porcupine but more closely resembling extant prehensile-tailed porcupines - is presented by Vitek et al. (2024).
A study on the brain anatomy of Josephoartigasia monesi is published by Ferreira et al. (2024), who recover this species within the encephalization range of extant caviomorphs.
Redescription and study on the affinities of Orthomyctera andina is published by Madozzo Jaén & Pérez (2024), who transfer this species to the genus Orocavia in the subfamily Caviinae.
A study on incisor marks in burrow systems assigned to the ichnospecies Yaviichnus iniyooensis from the Oligocene Chilapa Formation (Mexico), interpreted as indicating that the studied burrow systems were produced by multiple individuals belonging to the genus Gregorymys, is published by Guerrero-Arenas & Jiménez-Hidalgo (2024).
A study on the distribution of beavers in North America in the late Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene is published by Lubbers, Samuels & Joyner (2024).
Revision of fossil zokors and arvicoline cricetids from China is published by Zheng (2024).
Rekovets et al. (2024) interpret the cricetid genus Ischymomys as distinct from the genus Pannonicola.
Evidence from the study of a partial mitochondrial genome of a specimen of Pliomys lenki from the El Mirón Cave deposit (Spain), indicative of close phylogenetic relationship of P. lenki with the extant Balkan snow vole, is presented by Alfaro-Ibáñez et al. (2024).
Taxonomic revision of fossils of members of the tribe Lemmini from the Early and Middle Pleistocene of Europe is published by Louis et al. (2024).
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75680898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20in%20paleomammalogy
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2024 in paleomammalogy
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A study on the skeletal anatomy of Triisodon crassicuspis, based on data from a new specimen from the Paleocene Nacimiento Formation (New Mexico, United States), is published by Toosey et al. (2024), who interpret Triisodon as a terrestrial mammal with digging abilities and beginnings of adaptations of teeth to carnivory (including large canines with a shearing edge), though without specializations such as carnassial blades or reduction of number of premolars and molars seen in extant hypercarnivorous carnivorans.
The first skull of a Paleocene member of the genus Hapalodectes reported to date, attributed to H. dux, is described from the Naran Bulak Formation (Mongolia) by Lopatin (2024).
The first complete mandible of Protolipterna ellipsodontoides is described by Zanesco et al. (2024), who find no evidence of specialization to strict herbivory, and interpret P. ellipsodontoides as a likely omnivore.
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of litopterns, as indicated by dental by mandibular anatomy, is published Püschel et al. (2024).
Wilson et al. (2024) describe fossil material of Megadolodus molariformis from the Miocene Ipururo Formation (Peru), representing the southernmost record of the species reported to date, and interpret the diet of megadolodine litopterns as likely similar to that of extant babirusas.
Badin et al. (2024) describe new proterotheriid material from the Miocene Camacho Formation of Uruguay and the Loma de Las Tapias and Cerro Azul formations of Argentina, and expand the diagnosis of Neobrachytherium ullumense.
Schmidt, Armella & Bonini (2024) describe new proterotheriid material from the Andalhuala and Corral Quemado formations (Argentina), interpret known distribution of proterotheriid species as confirming a regional ecological distinction between western and eastern parts of northern Argentina during the late Neogene, and consider ?Proterotherium simplicidens to be a junior synonym of Neobrachytherium intermedium.
| 2.140625
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75680898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20in%20paleomammalogy
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2024 in paleomammalogy
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Freitas-Oliveira, Lima-Ribeiro & Terribile (2024) argue that Thylacosmilus had a narrower climatic niche than Smilodon (and likely was more vulnerable to the climate change), and consider it unlikely that the extinction of Thylacosmilus was caused by competition with Smilodon.
A study on the composition of the mammal faunas from the East African Rift System throughout the last 6 million years is published by Rowan et al. (2024), who report evidence of faunas largely composed of endemic species during the Late Miocene and Pliocene, and evidence of subsequent biotic homogenization likely related to regional expansion of grass-dominated ecosystems.
Hanon et al. (2024) describe Plio-Pleistocene bovid material from the Kromdraai Unit P (South Africa), including fossil material of a previously unknown buffalo that could be closely related to Syncerus acoelotus and possible oldest fossils of members of the genera Damaliscus and Numidocapra (as well as Paranthropus robustus) in southern Africa, and interpret the studied bovids as indicative of a grassland-dominated environment; the authors also study other associations of bovid and hominin bones from Plio-Pleistocene South African sites, and find than members of the genus Australopithecus were associated with bovids adapted to woodlands and closed-wet environments and that members of the genus Homo were found with bovids adapted to open and dry environments, while members of the genus Paranthropus were found in association with bovids adapted to various environments.
Sambo et al. (2024) study ecomorphology of bovids from the Kromdraai Unit P, interpret the studied bovids as living in a mosaic environment dominated by savanna grasslands, tall grasses and light bushes, with forests present to a lesser degree, and interpret their finding as indicative of presence of Paranthropus robustus in mosaic environmental settings.
| 1.976563
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75680898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20in%20paleomammalogy
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2024 in paleomammalogy
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A study on changes of ecospace occupancy of European carnivorans throughout the Pleistocene is published by Iannucci (2024), who finds that hominins entered Europe at the time when the continent lacked middle-sized carnivorans that were either highly social active hunters or primarily scavengers, and that hominins had the opportunity to fill a vacant ecospace at the time.
Konidaris et al. (2024) review the late Early and Middle Pleistocene fossil record of mammals from the Megalopolis Basin (Greece), interpret the studied fossils as consistent with the refugial status of the basin for the studied mammals, and interpret the fossil record of hippopotamids from the Megalopolis Basin as likely indicative of body size decrease in response to changing climatic conditions.
Zhang et al. (2024) report the discovery of fossil material of a new mammalian assemblage from the late Middle Pleistocene strata from the Upper Pubu Cave in the Bubing Basin (Guangxi, China), and interpret the composition of the studied assemblage as suggestive of environmental deterioration and reduction of the forested areas towards the end of the Middle Pleistocene.
Fan et al. (2024) report the discovery of a new assemblage of mammals fossils from the late Middle Pleistocene strata from the Zhongshan Cave in the Bubing Basin (Guangxi, China), including diverse and abundant ruminants.
A study on the fossil material of mammals from the Notarchirico site in southern Italy, providing evidence of subsequent appearances of three different mammal complexes in response of climatic-driven environmental changes, is published by Mecozzi et al. (2024).
Espinasa-Pereña et al. (2024) report the discovery of a new assemblage of Pleistocene megafaunal fossils (including mammoths, gomphotheres, horses, deers, bovids, camelids, sloths, glyptodonts, felids, canids and lagomorphs) from the Calera cave system (San Luis Potosí, Mexico).
| 2.109375
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75680898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20in%20paleomammalogy
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2024 in paleomammalogy
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Carrillo-Briceño et al. (2024) describe a new assemblage of mammal fossils from the Pleistocene site Cauca (Venezuela), including fossils of xenarthran megaherbivores, gomphotheres and equids, as well as fossil material of the ocelot or a related medium-sized feline, representing the first record of fossil material of cf. Leopardus pardalis in north-western Venezuela.
A study on the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of remains of Eremotherium laurillardi, Notiomastodon platensis and Toxodon platensis from the Zabelê tank in the northeastern Brazil, providing evidence that the studied mammals lived in a transition zone between arboreal to open savanna and had a mixed-feeder diet with a higher consumption of C4 plants compared to mammals from other Late Pleistocene localities in the Brazilian Intertropical Region, is published by Andrade, Dantas & Oliveira (2024).
Evidence from the cave site of Grotta Grande (Salerno, Campania, Italy), interpreted as indicating that during the Marine Isotope Stage 5 the abandonment of the Neanderthal camp at the site was likely immediately followed by scavenging of remains left by Neanderthals by the spotted hyena, is presented by Spagnolo et al. (2024).
A study on the ecology of prey species that Neanderthals depended on during the Late Pleistocene, as indicated by strontium isotope data from teeth from the Pech de l'Azé IV and Roc de Marsal sites (France), is published by Hodgkins et al. (2024), who find that the ranges of reindeers and bisons were restricted to the Aquitaine and Paris basins, where they were available year-round to the Neanderthal hunters, while horses and red deers had broader ranges and may have ventured into the mountainous regions.
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75681196
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seferyan%20Efendi
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Seferyan Efendi
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Seferyan Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: b. 1820 – d. 30 May 1899) was an Ottoman physician, diplomat and translator. He worked as a military surgeon during the Crimean War and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. In 1879, he was assigned to an envoy to Russia and worked to solve the disputes over the status of Armenians in Caucasus. In 1882, he worked as a scholar at the Imperial School of Medicine. His field of research included infectious diseases, military psychiatry and anatomy. He contributed to Turkish language by offering equivalents for Western medical terms. He was rewarded the Crimea Medal in 1855 and the Order of the Medjidie in 1856.
Life
Seferyan was born to an upper-middle-class Armenian family in Smyrna (İzmir) in 1820. His father worked as a supervisor in a textile factory and acted as a middleman for foreign traders. His mother was well-educated and worked in the local charity. Seferyan enrolled in the Mesropyan College in 1830. He could speak Armenian, Turkish, Greek and French. In 1840, he tried to enroll in the Naval Medical School (Tersane Tıp Mektebi) but his application was denied because of his lack of familiarity with Italian. In 1841, he instead attended the newly founded Imperial School of Medicine. In 1844, he graduated and returned to his family in Smyrna. He started working in Surp Lusavorçyan Hospital and guided nurses for more effective forms of treatment by instructing them on hygiene and gathering statistics about the patients.
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75681506
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20de%20Meira
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João de Meira
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João Monteiro de Meira (31 July 1881 – 25 September 1913) was a Portuguese writer, historian and doctor.
Biography
Early life
As the first-born son of Dr. Joaquim José de Meira and Adelaide Sofia da Silva Monteiro, João de Meira was born in 31 July 1881 at the D. João I Street, in São Paio, central Guimarães. In that city he studied primary and high school at the Colégio de S. Dâmaso (1891-1896), before leaving for Porto to attend the preparatory course for the surgical-medical course at the (1896-1899) and the (1899-1900), after which he entered the (1900-1906).
Work
At this institution he obtained his degree with a mark of 16, after defending his inaugural dissertation O concelho de Guimarães (1907) with a maximum mark of 20. A year later, he began his academic career there as a substitute lecturer for the surgical section (1908), later becoming a substitute lecturer for the chair of Forensic Medicine and director of the Porto Morgue (1909), and when the University of Porto was elevated, he was appointed ordinary professor of Pharmacology and Natural Sciences (1911), although he maintained his previous teaching duties. João de Meira also popularized the name Nicolinas in the early 20th century for the festivities of the city of Guimarães, previously known simply as St Nicholas' Festivities. He also wrote the Pregão of these festivities in 1903, 1904 and 1905.
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75681506
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20de%20Meira
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João de Meira
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In the meantime, between finishing his degree and starting to teach at university, he returned to Guimarães where he worked for about a year as a private doctor, journalist, clinician at the S. Domingos Hospital and teacher at the Martins Sarmento High School. Two children were born of his marriage to Madalena Baptista Sampaio, with only daughter Virgínia Adelaide surviving childhood. From an early age he showed exceptional intelligence, memory and literary culture, almost always writing articles and sonnets under pseudonyms in periodicals such as O Comércio de Guimarães, O Independente, A Alvorada, O Comércio do Porto, among others, and founded his own art and criticism newspaper A Parvónia.
Towards the end of his life, he began to make a name for himself as a renowned historian and writer. In the first more oriented towards the History of Medicine, he signed a new series “Arquivos da História da Medicina Portuguesa” with , revised many of the historiographical myths of Guimarães in the Revista de Guimarães and the Gazeta dos Hospitais do Porto and was even invited to succeed in the continuation of the 1908 book Vimaranis Monumenta Historica by the Martins Sarmento Society. Already as a literary writer under other names, he would surprise everyone by perfectly imitating the literary style of ancient and modern authors in original compositions such as Fernão Lopes, Camões, Bocage, Antero de Quental, Camilo Castelo Branco, Gil Vicente, António Nobre or Arthur Conan Doyle in a heterogeneous range of personalities.
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75681811
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20union%20of%20Poland%20and%20Saxony
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Personal union of Poland and Saxony
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History of Saxony-Poland
After the occupation of Saxony by the Swedes in the Great Northern War, King Augustus II had to give up the Polish royal title in the Treaty of Altranstädt in 1706 and recognize Stanislaus I Leszczyński, who was supported by Sweden, on the throne. After the Swedish defeat in the Battle of Poltava in 1709, the Saxon Elector was able to regain the throne. After regaining the royal crown, King Augustus II sought to overthrow the Sejm in a coup. His representatives called for the Saxon army to be merged with the Polish Crown Army. Polish fortresses had been occupied and arrests made as early as 1713. Since this would have been a first step towards the establishment of an absolutist hereditary monarchy in Poland, it provoked the uprising of the Tarnogród Confederacy in 1715/16, led by Stanisław Ledóchowski and Jan Klemens Branicki, which put Augustus at risk of his throne. It was mainly a revolt of the small nobility against the king; Important magnates such as Lithuania's hetman Ludwik Pociej (a friend of Peter the Great) tended to try to mediate. Although the Saxon troops remained victorious in all major battles, they were unable to end the uprising, so money began to run out. King Augustus II accepted the Tsar's mediation and achieved only partial success in the Peace of Warsaw in 1716 and the Silent Sejm in 1717. In return, the Saxon army had to leave the country.
| 3.109375
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75681825
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20Walter%20Englander
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S. Walter Englander
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Englander has used HX to explain a number of biomolecular problems, including nucleic acid and protein "breathing" reactions and site-resolved energy transfer and utilization. He discovered protein "foldons" and demonstrated their role in stepwise sequential protein folding pathways. The understanding of protein folding, unfolding, and misfolding is fundamental to ongoing research in many biological processes central to health and disease.
Awards and honors
Englander was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1997 and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2006. He was elected as an honorary fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1998 and the Biophysical Society in 2000.
Herbert A. Sober Memorial Lectureship Award (2008)
In 2008, Englander was awarded the Herbert A. Sober Lectureship at the annual American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology meeting in San Diego. The lectureship is awarded every two years and recognizes outstanding biochemical and molecular biological research with particular emphasis on the development of methods and techniques to aid in scientific research.
On being awarded the Lectureship, George Rose, Krieger-Eisenhower Professor at The Johns Hopkins University, said of Englander:
Scientists are of many types. Among the very best are those rare individuals who devise an important approach as an end in itself, like virtuoso instrumentalists perfecting their art. Rarer still are those who respond to a higher music, developing innovative new methods to pursue fundamental problems. Walter Englander is among the very few who fall squarely into this latter category.
The Biophysical Society Founders Award (2010)
In 2010, Englander received the Biophysical Society's annual Founders Award. The award is given to scientists for outstanding achievement in biophysics. He received the award "for pioneering the development of hydrogen exchange techniques for exploring the stability, interactions and dynamics of macromolecules and their folding."
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75682043
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanchia
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Sanchia
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Sanchia or Sancia is a feminine given name of Spanish and Portuguese origin from Latin sanctus or sancta, meaning holy or saint. The name, which has multiple forms, is the feminine version of the Spanish and Portuguese name Sancho.
Usage
The name was in use in the Anglosphere and throughout Europe by the Middle Ages in multiple forms and all have been in occasional use in English-speaking countries since that time. Feminine variants used in the Anglosphere have included Saincte, Saint, Sainte, Saints, Sancha, Sanche, Sanchee, Sanchia, Sanchie, Sancia, Sancta, Sanctia, Sanzia, Sence, Sense, and Zanchy. Another source noted forms in use during the medieval era included Science, Sciencia, Scientia, and Senses.
French feminine variants Saincte, Sainte, Saintes, Seincte, Xainte, Xaintes, and diminutives Sancelina, Sanceline, Saintine, and Xaintine were also in use as given names in the French-speaking world in the 1500s. An Occitan version of the name is Sància, a feminine version of Sanç.
Italian masculine forms include Sante, Santi, Santino, and Santo, while Italian feminine forms include Santa, Santella, Santina, and Santuzza.
The name and its variants have traditionally been given to children of both sexes in reference to All Saints' Day. Some children have been given the full name All Saints, or Santos, dos Santos, or de Todos los Santos. For example, Spanish king Felipe IV and his daughters, Leonor, Princess of Asturias and Infanta Sofía of Spain, all have the name de Todos los Santos, or All Saints in English, as a middle name.
Sanchia
Sanchia of Provence (1225–1261), Queen of the Romans from 1257 until her death in 1261 as the wife of King Richard
Sanchia Duncan, English former footballer
Sancia
Sancia of Aragon (1478–1506), also known as Sancha, Princess of Squillace
Sancia of Majorca (c. 1285 – 28 July 1345), Queen of Naples
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75682158
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20union%20of%20Great%20Britain%20and%20Hanover
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Personal union of Great Britain and Hanover
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End of personal union
The period from 1815 to 1837 marked a significant rift in the relationship between Britain and Hanover. During this time, Britain and Hanover's political and economic interests often diverged and despite sharing a monarch, the two regions operated increasingly independently. The death of William IV on 20 June 1837, without legitimate heirs, ended the Personal Union as the British crown passed to Queen Victoria while Hanover's crown went to Ernest Augustus. This transition occurred smoothly, reflecting a growing separation between British and Hanoverian political trajectories. Ernest Augustus, known for his reactionary policies, abolished Hanover's constitution upon his ascension, further distancing the two regions politically. The subsequent birth of Edward VII solidified the separation, as the prospect of a unified British-Hanoverian crown diminished, leaving the Kingdom of Hanover to navigate its path increasingly detached from British influence.
Monarchs
The succession to the throne of the personal union:
George I (from 1 August 1714)
George II (from 11 October 1727)
George III (from 25 October 1760)
George IV (from 29 January 1820)
William IV (from 26 June 1830 to 20 June 1837)
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75682253
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarenkoiopsis
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Lazarenkoiopsis
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Genus Lazarenkoiopsis closely resembles the genus Solitaria from the subfamily Xanthorioideae. It is distinct due to its notably cracked-areolated, thicker thallus, and the presence of numerous oil droplets within its hymenium. Its true exciple has a tissue structure (with intricately tangled hyphae). Unlike Solitaria, the paraphyses in Lazarenkoiopsis do not swell at the tips.
Similar species
Lazarenkoiopsis ussuriensis is similar to Solitaria chrysophthalma but can be distinguished by its thicker, cracked-areolated thallus, and the presence of numerous oil droplets in the subhymenium. It differs from Oxneriopsis oxneri by having soralia instead of and . Compared to Caloplaca brunneola and Obscuroplaca camptidia, it has lecanorine rather than apothecia and larger ascospores. L. ussuriensis also differs from Caloplaca spadicea by not having three-septate ascospores and a minutely isidiate thallus.
Habitat, distribution, and ecology
Lazarenkoiopsis ussuriensis has been observed in several locations within the Far East of Russia, particularly in the Primorsky Krai region. Regularly found growing alongside Oxneriopsis oxneri, L. ussuriensis is often mistaken for having both isidia and soredia. It differs from O. oxneri in its non-exfoliating upper surface and non-visible medulla. Caloplaca cerina is also sometimes associated but differs in apothecial colour and the absence of soralia.
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75682737
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five%20Esquisses
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Five Esquisses
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The Five (in Finnish: ; in German: ), Op. 114, is a collection of compositions for piano written in February 1929 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The Five Esquisses represent—along with the Suite for Violin and String Orchestra in D minor (JS 185), as well as the Op. 115 and Op. 116 seven duos for violin and piano—the dawn of a "radical new stylistic period" for Sibelius. Indeed, these compositions could provide the best clues as to the "sound world" Sibelius's never-realized (and likely destroyed) Symphony No. 8 may have inhabited.
History
The Five Esquisses have a tortuous publication history. On 5 October 1928, the New York-based publisher Carl Fischer expressing an interest in publishing "works for piano, voice and piano, and violin and piano ..." Sibelius responded to Fischer on 15 February 1929 that it was his "pleasure" to offer four collections of his latest miniatures: the Op. 114 Five Esquisses, as well as the Op. 115 Four Pieces for violin and piano, the Op. 116 Three Pieces for violin and piano, and the Op. 117 (later demoted from Sibelius's opus list) Suite for Violin and String Orchestra. However, Fischer rejected all four compositions:
Shortly thereafter, Sibelius sent the pieces to Leipzig's Breitkopf & Härtel, and although they accepted the offer, Sibelius requested the manuscripts be returned to him so that he could revise ; after making the changes, however, he never mailed them back to Germany—likely due to the ever-worsening self-criticism that marred his later career. In 1945, the Helsinki-based published inquired about the Five Esquisses: as with fifteen years prior, Sibelius initially agreed but changed his mind when preparing the manuscripts for publication. Westerlund's second attempt in 1950 was similarly unsuccessful. In the end, the pieces were published posthumously from 1973 to 1974 by .
Structure and music
No. 1: Landscape
Landscape (in Finnish: ) is marked Andantino.
No. 2: Winter Scene
Winter Scene (in Finnish: ) is marked Allegretto.
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75682752
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Ca%C3%B1izar%20lake
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El Cañizar lake
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The former El Cañizar lake (Spanish: Laguna del Cañizar) was an extensive freshwater wetland located at the bottom of the Jiloca tectonic trench next to the town of Villarquemado, Spain. Its waters covered part of the municipalities of Cella, Santa Eulalia del Campo and Villarquemado, all of them belonging to the Comarca de la Comunidad de Teruel, Province of Teruel, Autonomous Community of Aragón. Before being drained at the beginning of the 18th century, its waters covered 1130 ha with a maximum depth of 2.8 meters and a stored water volume of 18.7 hm3.
Between 1729 and 1732 the definitive drainage works of the wetland were carried out. These actions, directed by the Italian military engineer Domingo Ferrari, meant the total disappearance of the lagoon. As time passed, the main drainage, known as Acequia Madre, came to be considered as just another stretch of the Jiloca river and the existence of the Cañizar was forgotten. By the end of the 20th century, almost all of its riverbed had been ploughed up for agricultural use.
Since the beginning of this century, a project for the recovery of this wetland has been underway. Currently, 380 ha of floodable areas have already been recovered, making the new Cañizar the largest freshwater lagoon in inland Spain. In 2010, more than 200 species of aquatic birds were recorded, some of them in serious danger of extinction, such as the bittern (botaurus stellaris) or the squacco heron (ardeola ralloides).
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75683514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisa%20%28biography%29
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Louisa (biography)
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Louisa (1987) is a biography of Louisa Lawson by Australian writer Brian Matthews. It was originally published by University of Queensland Press in Australia in 1987.
Critical reception
Writing in The Canberra Times critic Peter Pierce noted: "The gaps in the biographical record of our writers are gradually being filled. Recently we have had Lawson's Archibald, Munro's Stephensen, Kinnane's Johnston. In progress are biographies of Gilmore, Furphy, Boyd and Stead. But following the audacious experiment of Louisa and its brilliant success (even as, and because Matthews admits not to have resolved all the problems of an alternative text), the game will never be the same again." And he concluded "...readers of Louisa are compelled to recognise 'a great Australian woman whose face has been in shadow too long'. Those readers will encounter a book that will radically affect literary scholarship in Australia. At the same time it is not only an outstanding biography, but one of the finest stories yet told here."
Publication history
After its original publication in 1987 in Australia by publisher University of Queensland Press the biography was later republished as follows:
McPhee Gribble, Australia, 1987 and 1988
University of Queensland Press, Australia, 1998
Awards
ALS Gold Medal, 1988, winner
New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards — Douglas Stewart Prize, 1988, winner
Victorian Premier's Literary Awards — Nettie Palmer Prize for Nonfiction, 1988, winner
| 2.1875
| 0
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75683682
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep%20K%C3%BCp%C3%A7%C3%BC
|
Recep Küpçü
|
After his death, the harassment of his family continued. His 16-year-old son Erdinç was often called to the militia and beaten continuously, and at the age of 20 he was imprisoned in Stara Zagora. During one visit to his mother in prison, Küpçü's house was raided, and his manuscripts stolen. Vasil Angelov, head of the State Security department for artists, advised his poet friends not to deal with the already deceased Küpçü.
To this day, the cause of his death remains unclear.
Poetry
Although he had never been to Turkey, Anatolia was influential in his poetry. South in his poetry symbolizes Turkey. In various poems, he uses metaphors such as "birds that smell like Anatolia" to express his love. His relatives and acquaintances say that he used to ask the Turkish sailors he met "to salute even the shadows of the Anatolian minarets." Istanbul likewise had a strong presence. Once, when he saw an Istanbulite, he told him that he is well acquainted with the city, since "since he was a child, he has been going there every night in his dreams." However, he does not feel hatred towards Bulgaria, and even creates poems dedicated to his homeland and perceives his country as a mother and himself as one of many sons. The duality is strongly expressed when he talks about his ethnicity, especially in his poem Kader (Destiny):
Since he was born in Kuklen, located in the Rhodopes, the mountains are also present in his poetry. The sea is also an important symbol, as he spent a large part of his life in Burgas. Sea, sun, spring, birds, flowers, south are another common symbol in his poetry.
In addition to being an active writer, he also works as a journalist for the newspapers "Trduovo delo" and "Nova svelitsa."
Legacy
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75683919
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Wayne%20Railroaders
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Fort Wayne Railroaders
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The Fort Wayne "Railroaders" continued minor league play in 1901, The Railroaders became members of the eight-team Class A level Western Association. Playing their first season in the new league, Fort Wayne placed fourth with a record of 73–67 and finished 12.0 games behind the first place Dayton Veterans. The Railroaders were managed by Fort Wayne's returning manager Doggie Miller, as no playoffs were held. Natty Nattress of Fort Wayne led the Western Association with 124 runs scored. The Western Association folded and did not return to play in 1902.
The Fort Wayne "Railroaders" nickname corresponds to the railroad industry and history in the city and region. At the turn of the 20th century, the Northeast Indiana region containing Fort Wayne was a major industry center and subsequently local rail connected to every major city. Fort Wayne was a hub for passenger train service in the era. Today, the Fort Wayne Railroad Historical Society is in operation as a railroad preservation organization.
In 1973, the Nickel Plate Railroad's steam locomotive no. 765 was acquired by the society from the city of Fort Wayne, where it had been a static monument within Lawton Park for 12 years as a tribute to Fort Wayne's railroad history. The locomotive was retired from use in 1958, by the New York, Chicago, & St. Louis Railroad that served Fort Wayne. In 1974, wanting to repair the locomotive, the society built temporary tracks and moved the locomotive from Lawton Park through the city to the Nickel Plate Road's New Haven shops, now owned by the Fort Wayne Railroad Historical Society. In 1979, while undergoing restoration, the 765 ran under its own steam power for the first time since 1963. Today, the 765 has been fully restored and is in use on public excursions, having been added to the Norfolk Southern Railway's 21st Century Steam program in 2012. The 765 was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
| 2.25
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75684011
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnadenh%C3%BCtten%20massacre%20%28Pennsylvania%29
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Gnadenhütten massacre (Pennsylvania)
|
The Gnadenhütten massacre was an attack during the French and Indian War in which Native allies of the French killed 11 Moravian missionaries at Gnadenhütten, Pennsylvania (modern day Lehighton, Pennsylvania) on 24 November 1755. They destroyed the mission village and took one woman prisoner, and only four of the sixteen residents escaped. Following the attack, Benjamin Franklin was commissioned by the Pennsylvania Provincial Council to construct forts in the area, and in other parts of the Province of Pennsylvania, to defend against Native American attacks, which were becoming increasingly frequent due to the French and Indian War.
Background
Moravian missionaries first established a mission at Friedenshütten ("Tents of Peace"), near Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1744, but in 1745 decided to move some distance northwest of Bethlehem, to a site they named Gnadenhütten ("Tents of Grace," often written Gnadenhuetten and sometimes referred to as "Gnadenhütten on the Mahoney" to distinguish it from Gnadenhutten in Ohio), near the junction of Mahoning Creek and Lehigh River. The new community grew rapidly, and in 1751 the missionaries were able to convert 61 residents from a nearby Lenape village called Meniolagomeka. The missionaries began translating hymns and "several parts of the Scriptures" into the Mohican language and the Mohawk language. A nearby plot of land was purchased and planted with crops, and a sawmill and a gristmill were built in 1747. The community was visited by Bishop August Gottlieb Spangenberg, Bishop John F. Cammerhoff, David Zeisberger, and Christian Frederick Post. By May 1749, over 500 Native American converts were attending church services in Gnadenhütten.
| 2.25
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75684426
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Kolasky
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John Kolasky
|
In Ukraine Kolasky experienced firsthand the Russification of Ukraine occurring under the Soviet government. He began disseminating samizdat regarding Russification, and was arrested in 1965 before being deported back to Canada. Following his return, Kolasky published Education in Soviet Ukraine in 1968 and Two Years in Soviet Ukraine: A Canadian's Personal Account of Russian Oppression and the Growing Opposition in 1970, both of which discussed Russification and the growing movement of Soviet dissidents in Ukraine. Following the publication of these books, Kolasky was expelled from the AUUC and the CPC. Kolasky became a speaker for events throughout Canada. He continued to publish literature about the Russification of Ukraine, including a translation of Valentyn Moroz's Report from the Beria Reserve in 1974.
Kolasky was a supporter of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group and, later, the Ukrainian Republican Party. Following the 1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution he emigrated to Ukraine and lived with Levko Lukianenko. He died in the village of Khotiv or in the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv on October 20, 1997.
Bibliography
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75685209
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Ledger
|
Frank Ledger
|
Industrial development
During his career, Ledger played a pivotal role in the industrial landscape of Western Australia. Notably, he was the instigator and inaugural president of the Institute of Foundrymen in 1943, aimed at raising standards and promoting metallurgical advancements. His involvement extended to various associations, including the Metropolitan Ironmaster's Association, the West Australian Chamber of Manufactures, and the Western Australian Employers Federation. Ledger's commitment to industrial development for economic growth led him to support future premier Charles Court's entry into politics. His dedication to fostering economic growth extended beyond industry to agricultural development, notably the Ord River Scheme and initiatives near Esperance. Ledger was knighted during the 1963 royal visit in recognition for his contributions to industry.
Sports
Apart from his professional endeavours, Ledger maintained a passion for sports including football, yachting, and horse racing. He was vice-president of the East Perth Football Club from 1936 to 1941, was vice-president and later president of the Western Australian Trotting Association in the 1960s and 1970s and was the initial chairman of the Australian Harness Racing Council. Ledger oversaw the redevelopment of Gloucester Park, including the building of grandstands and modernisation of public amenities.
| 2.015625
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75686161
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lam%20Nam%20Kok%20National%20Park
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Lam Nam Kok National Park
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Lam Nam Kok National Park (, ) is a national park in upper northern Thailand's Chiang Rai province. The national park covers an area of and was planted in 2002, occupies an area of four districts of Chiang Rai including Mueang Chiang Rai, Mae Chan, Mae Lao and Mae Suai. The head office is based in Doi Hang subdistrict, Mueang Chiang Rai district.
Attractions
The park has beautiful landscape and lots of natural tourism destinations. Its name is based on the Kok river, the current that flows through the area. The river is long, its origin is on a mountain in Myanmar and flows along the borderline between Myanmar and Thailand. Then it flows on Thai ground at Tha Ton subdistrict, Mae Ai district in Chiang Mai province, then confluence Mekong river at Ban Sob Kok village in Chiang Saen district in the area of province of Chiang Rai. Cruise or rafting down the river is an interesting activity for visitors.
Wat Phuttha Utthayan Doi Insi: A Buddhist monastery located in the area of the park. The Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP) permitted Buddhist monks to stay in the forest for their dharma practicing legally. According to that monks and forest project, Buddhist monks are allowed to do their dharma practicing under a condition that they would help to look after the forest. The highlight is high white Buddha image in meditation posture and a tall cetiyas (pagodas) to be the spiritual anchor of Buddhist.
Huai Kaeo Waterfall: The beautiful three-tier waterfall, the highest and most beautiful tier is the third tier, is the highlight. At the first tier, the water flows from high cliff. The second tier is more beautiful than the first tier as the water flows from high cliff. On the third tier at a height of , there is a bamboo bridge to facilitate visitors to walk closer the waterfall conveniently. All tiers have their own basins so visitors can swim. However, visitors have to strictly follow the officer's advice. The waterfall has water all year round.
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75686725
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PopoloCrois
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PopoloCrois
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The 2005 PlayStation Portable game remixes both the first two games into one, and was also the first PopoloCrois to be released overseas that year and in 2006. In 2015, a crossover with the Story of Seasons series of games was released worldwide as Return to PopoloCrois: A Story of Seasons Fairytale, it unusually released for a Nintendo console despite Sony's ownership of the series. A prequel novel PopoloChronicle taking place before the events of the first game was also released.
While random and turn-based, battles take on a form very similar to console strategy RPGs (such as Final Fantasy Tactics). When a character's turn begins, they can move along a small grid and attack enemies from four cardinal directions, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. For example, an attack to the enemy's back will deal more damage, as will skipping a turn to focus on the next turn.
The main character is the prince of the PopoloCrois kingdom, Pietro. The first game, PopoloCrois Monogatari, starts on the night of Pietro's 10th birthday, when he learns that his mother, who he thought was long dead, was found in a coma. Pietro sets out into a journey along with the apprentice forest witch Narcia to save his mother's soul from the underworld.
Characters
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75686846
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artyom%20Primak
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Artyom Primak
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Artyom Alekseevich Primak (; born 14 January 1993), also spelled Artem Primak, is a Russian long and triple jumper. He was the 2012 World U20 Championships silver medallist in the triple jump, and he is a four-time Russian Athletics Championships winner in the horizontal jumps.
Biography
Primak is from Amur Oblast, Russia, where he graduated from the Amur Regional Sports School in 2010 and was coached by Sergey Petrenko.
In 2012, Primak was selected to represent Russia at the World U20 Championships in the triple jump. Primak won the silver medal, losing only to future Olympic gold medalist Pedro Pichardo. He also won the triple jump bronze medal at the 2013 European U23 Championships.
In 2017, Primak set personal bests in both the long and triple jump at the Russian Athletics Championships. He was benefited by the absence of Alexander Menkov, who chose to focus on the world championships instead, allowing Primak to take the win in both events. Coming off of this success, he applied to compete internationally as an Authorized Neutral Athlete (following the ban of Russian athletes by World Athletics), but his application was rejected in 2018.
In May 2021, Primak was finally approved to compete internationally as a neutral athlete.
Primak also won the 2022 All-Russian Summer Sports Spartakiade with a 7.84 metres mark.
Primak won the 2023 Russian Athletics Championships in Chelyabinsk with a mark of 7.89 metres. He now competes representing the Krasnodar and Khabarovsk regions, and focuses primarily on the long jump.
Statistics
Personal bests
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75686898
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Guido%20y%20Sarmiento
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Estadio Guido y Sarmiento
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Estadio Guido y Sarmiento was a football stadium located in the city Quilmes of Greater Buenos Aires area in Argentina. It was owned and operated by Quilmes A.C. and used until 1995 when Estadio Centenario was opened.
The stadium was active since 1900, also hosting cricket matches during its first years of existence. It was the oldest existing football stadium in Argentina until 1995 when it was dismantled.
History
The club (originally named "Quilmes Cricket Club") established its sports field on the corner of Guido and pringles street, then moving it a few meters to west (Guido and Sarmiento).
The first Primera División match at "Guido y Sarmiento" was on 14 June 1900, when Quilmes C.C. was defeated by Buenos Aires English High School 4–0. During its first years of existence, the stadium did not have grandstand, and the field was also used for other sports such as cricket (in Summer time). The first rooftop stand was built around 1910.
With the arrival of professionalism in 1931, the stadium would be refurbished, expanding its capacity. In the 1950 a lateral grandstand was built. By those years, the stadium also had two grandstands on Guido and Solís street, and an official stand on Sarmiento (the roof had been arsoned in the 1920s and never rebuilt). During the 1960s and 1970s, press booths were built in the stadium
When Quilmes played the Copa Libertadores for the first time in 1979, the stadium had to be refurbished to fit Conmebol's rules for international competitions, therefore one of the grandstands was moved.
By late 1980s the stadium was seriously deteriorated. In 1987 the club announced the construction of a new stadium located 1,5 km from Guido y Sarmiento, which would be inaugurated in a friendly match vs Uruguayan club Nacional in 1995. Nevertheless, the Guido y Sarmiento venue was used for official matches until 25 June 1995, when Quilmes played vs Godoy Cruz a match of 1994–95 Primera B Nacional's Torneo Reducido.
| 1.96875
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75687192
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Wood%20%28consul%29
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Richard Wood (consul)
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In August 1835, during the Syrian Peasant Revolt against Ibrahim, triggered by heavy conscription and taxation, Wood returned to Syria and tried unsuccessfully to persuade Bashir Shihab II, ruler of the Mount Lebanon Emirate, to support it. He then went to Kurdistan to observe a punitive campaign by the Ottomans against the Kurdish Mir Muhammad Bey, who was supported by Russia. Wood had a series of setbacks when he went down with small-pox in Aleppo and in Mosul caught typhoid. He was also wounded in the knee by a tribesman's lance and gained a head wound which permanently damaged his eyesight. In Kurdistan, he met Muhammad, who claimed that he had never heard of England, but agreed to go to Constantinople and negotiate with the Sultan Mahmud II.
In 1840, during the Second Egyptian–Ottoman War, Wood returned to Syria, this time with both British and Ottoman instructions, in support of a revolt by the Druze and Maronites against Muhammad Ali of Egypt. A joint naval intervention by Austria, Great Britain, and the Ottomans in September 1840 led to the Ottomans regaining Syria in October, and Wood became a powerful man there. Thanks largely to him, the British had more influence in the region than any other power. In 1841, Wood was formally appointed as British consul in Damascus. He later played a significant part in the Maronite-Druze wars of 1842 and 1845.
In 1855 Wood left Syria to take up the post of British consul in Tunis. He was Consul-General in the Regency of Tunis until 1879.
Not long after his arrival, Wood persuaded the Bey to grant him as a Residence a partly-built house in La Marsa, near Carthage, abandoned by the fleeing Treasurer Mahmoud Ben Ayed, and to pay for it to be completed to his plans. Known as the Bourg or Bordji, the house stands in grounds of some 14 acres and is still used by British ambassadors to Tunisia.
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75687241
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rongokako
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Rongokako
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In death, Rongokako is associated with Te Mata Peak, whose full name is Te Mata o Rongokako ("the face of Rongokako"). When looking at the peak from the east, it appears to be the silhouette of a person lying down, which is said to be Rongokako.
There are several stories about how he died. In one version, Rongokako started capturing and eating travellers around the Heretaunga Plains, so a young woman from Pakipaki, called Hinerākau was sent to stop him. He fell in love with her and her relatives set him impossible tasks in order to prove his love for her. The last of these tasks was biting through a hill, which caused him to choke and die. A gap in the hills, called Pari Kārangaranga, is said to be Rongokako's bite mark. The heartbroken Hinerākau committed suicide by jumping off Te Mata. A Waimārama story tells this same story, but attributes it to a chief named Te Mata.
In another version from the Gisborne District, Rongokako was sent from Hawaiki to find the Horouta canoe, captained by Pāoa. He found him at Ōhiwa in the Bay of Plenty, but the pair argued over Pāoa's wife and Rongokako fled south, leaving footprints at Wharekahika, Kaiora near Whangara, Nukutaurua on the Mahia peninsula, Cape Kidnappers, and Wellington, where he leapt across Cook Strait and disappeared.
Sources
The story of Rongokako fetching the rimurapa and his race with Pāoa are recounted by J. H. Mitchell (aka Tiaki Hikawera Mitira) as part of his 1944 history of Ngāti Kahungunu. The version with the kiwi appears in a 1912 article by Colonel Porter. Te Hira Henderson records a number of different accounts of his death from different parts of the East Coast.
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75687670
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubadhiyan
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Kubadhiyan
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Kubadhiyan or Kuwadhiyan was a medieval district in Transoxiana, with Qubodiyon as its capital.
Geography and history
The province lay to the west of the upper Oxus River and encompassed the valley of the Kubadhiyan River (modern Kafirnihan), which sprang from the Buttaman Mountains and joined the Oxus at Awwaj or Awzaj (modern Ayvaj). The province adjoined Chaghaniyan in the west and Wakhsh and Khuttal (to which it was usually attached) in the east. The toponym is first attested, in the opinion of the German orientalist Josef Markwart, in the locality Kio-ho-yen-na mentioned by the 7th-century Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang.
The town of Kubadhiyan (modern Qubodiyon) was the chief city of the province, and lay on the namesake river. In the account of Ibn Hawqal the town is also called Fazz. It is described as smaller than Tirmidh, but the source of famed fruits and madder dye, which was exported as far as India. Other important towns were the river-crossing of Awwaj/Awzaj, and the populous fortress towns of Washjird and Shuman further up the Kubadhiyan River. Due to the threat of raids by the tribes of the Buttaman Mountains, the province was dotted with smaller fortifications as well. The north of the province around Shuman was also notable for its production of saffron, which was also exported.
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75687758
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Nor%20Ehsani
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Princess Nor Ehsani
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Princess Nor Ehsani (born 15 October 1935), sometimes spelled Noor Ehsani, is the only child and daughter of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin and Queen Tengku Raihani.
Additionally, she is also a granddaughter of both Sultans Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah and Muhammad Jamalul Alam II, niece to both Sultans Omar Ali Saifuddien III of Brunei (paternal) and Hisamuddin Alam Shah of Selangor (maternal) as well as an aunt (first cousin once removed) to Sultan Sharafuddin cum paternal first cousin to Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and also a maternal first cousin to Sultan Salahuddin. Out of four siblings, she is the only surviving gahara (pure descendants of the sultan) of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin.
Involvement in the Girl Guides movement
Noor Ehsani agreed to take on the role of Girl Guides association's state commissioner from 1964 to 1970, and the Girl Guide Movement reopened after a British trainer paid a visit. In order to further aid in the promotion of Guiding throughout the nation, the Bruneian government established the position of Organising Commissioner in the Department of Education in 1966. This position's duties included setting up Guide companies and Brownie packs in schools. Nine new Brownie packs and fourteen new Guide companies have been formed by 1972.
| 2.0625
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75688600
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%20Makes%20You%20Think%20You%27re%20the%20One
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What Makes You Think You're the One
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"What Makes You Think You're the One" is a song by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released in 1979. Composed and sung by guitarist Lindsey Buckingham, it was one of his nine songs that appeared on the Tusk album. The song was also included on the US 2002 and UK 2009 editions of The Very Best of Fleetwood Mac.
Background
In February, Buckingham entered Studio D of The Village Recorder with a JVC ghetto blaster. After playing producers Ken Caillat and Richard Dashut a demo of "What Makes You Think You're the One" through some JBL speakers in the control room, Buckingham suggested that they create a new version using the JVC deck's input as the recording device. Caillat pushed back against this, contending that the boombox would make the song excessively compressed, but Buckingham insisted that they use the device to emulate the distorted sounds of old rock and roll recordings.
Fleetwood set up his drums in the corner of Studio D and recorded the song with Buckingham using the boombox as the recording device for the drums. Fleetwood said that they "opened the mics up so that it was recording straight onto tape, and that overload and compression is straight off the ghetto blaster. It gave it that "suck and push" sound". More conventional studio microphones were also placed throughout the studio to give Caillat and Dashut further options during the mixing process.
Buckingham and Fleetwood stated that the song was created as a two-piece without any other band members, although Caillat recalled that John McVie was also present in the studio during the song's recording sessions. For the song's original tracking, Buckingham was on piano and Fleetwood used an 18-inch Paiste China cymbal in his drum set. Caillat posited that the song was directed at Stevie Nicks and that Buckingham "imitate[d] Stevie's distinctive vibrato, giving it a bleating, goat like quality, and her rudimentary piano quality, which he knew made her self conscious".
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75689268
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on%20Cantave
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Léon Cantave
|
Léon Cantave (; 4 July 1910 – 16 February 1967) was a Haitian general who served as Army Chief of Staff (1956-1957), playing an important role in the political events of 1957.
Career
In 1956, President Paul Magloire attempted to extend his term, which had ended on December 6. Cantave opposed these dictatorial plans, being arrested by the Magloire regime for "inciting rebellion". On December 13, after Magloire's fall and his release, Cantave was appointed as Army Chief of Staff by the new president Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis. As Army Chief, Cantave publicly advocated political neutrality within the Armed Forces.
In early 1957, a general strike broke out against the Pierre-Louis government, which resulted in the resignation of President Pierre-Louis on February 3. General Cantave declared neutrality regarding the strike, his soldiers did not fire a single shot at the crowd. Informed of Pierre-Louis' resignation, Cantave called the 7 presidential candidates to Headquarters to inform them of the situation. After endless debates, on February 7 the Haitian Parliament chose Franck Sylvain as provisional president, one of the declared candidates.
On April 2, Cantave forced the resignation of President Franck Sylvain and placed him under house arrest in a coup d'état, claiming that Sylvain was complicit in the civil unrest and bomb affair. Cantave now had power in his hands, but decided that the crisis should be resolved by civilians. On April 6, Cantave established the Executive Government Council (CEG), a collegial government formed by representatives appointed by presidential candidates.
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75689268
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on%20Cantave
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Léon Cantave
|
After the Executive Council ordered his dismissal in favor of police chief Pierre Armand as Army Chief, Cantave usurped power again on May 20, proclaiming the dissolution of the CEG. This led to a climate of civil war that almost materialized on May 25, when there was a battle between supporters of Cantave and Armand. After an agreement, the army handed over the presidency to Daniel Fignolé. Both Cantave and Armand submitted their resignations, Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau was appointed as the new Army Chief. Under the presidency of François Duvalier, General Cantave was forced to retire from the Army.
In July 1963, together with Lieutenant Colonel René Léon, he launched an attempt to overthrow the dictator François Duvalier, across the border of the Dominican Republic. On August 7, 1963, the siege of Port-au-Prince took place, where President Duvalier was hiding in his presidential palace. Over several weeks, he fought several battles with the Haitian regular army until he finally suffered a severe defeat on September 22, 1963, in an attempt to capture the Ouanaminthe barracks. Three days later, a military coup took place against Dominican President Juan Bosch, with a junta succeeding him. Cantave was held in detention by the Dominican junta, but he was eventually allowed into exile. Cantave died in exile in France on February 16, 1967.
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75689834
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeg
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Indeg
|
Indeg, daughter of Garwy Hir, was known in early Welsh legend as one of the three mistresses of King Arthur. Though her story seems to have survived down to the later Middle Ages, when she was frequently cited by Welsh poets as a standard for beauty, it has since been lost.
Early Welsh literature
Indeg is identified in Welsh tradition as being the daughter of Garwy Hir, who was known for being a great lover, and specifically, according to the Welsh poet , the lover of Creirwy daughter of Ceridwen. There is an allusion to Indeg in a 14th-century Welsh poem which suggests that the poet knew of a story about King Arthur's wooing of Indeg, but neither this nor any other story about her now survives. One of the earliest references to Indeg is in no. 57 of the Welsh Triads, which names her as one of the three concubines of King Arthur, along with the similarly ill-attested Garwen daughter of Henin Hen and Gŵyl daughter of Gendawd. There are also passing mentions of her in the story of Culhwch and Olwen, where she is listed as one of the ladies at the court of King Arthur, and amongst the marginalia of the Hendregadredd Manuscript.
The later Middle Ages
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75689834
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeg
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Indeg
|
The figure of Indeg was well known to 14th- and 15th-century Welsh bards, who frequently named her, like Eigr, Enid, Esyllt, Luned, and Tegau, as a paragon of female beauty with which their subjects could be compared, a "measure of maidens" as Llywelyn Goch called her. Among the poets to mention her are Casnodyn, Gruffudd ap Maredudd, Madog Benfras, Llywelyn Goch (in his "Lament for Lleucu Llwyd"), Lewys Glyn Cothi, Dafydd ab Edmwnd, and Dafydd Nanmor. The greatest of them all, Dafydd ap Gwilym, used her name in no less than eight poems, possibly attracted by its usefulness as a rhyme for teg ("fair"). He describes various ladies who have caught his attention as being "Indeg's equal" ("The Wave on the River Dyfi" and "Farewell"), "an Indeg of shining passion" ("Dyddgu and Morfudd"), a "dazzling Indeg" ("Appealing to Dwynwen"), and "Indeg's twin" ("The Poet's Superiority Over His Rival"). As late as the Elizabethan era the bard finished one of his poems with the assertion that Rwy' fel Indeg yn ynfydu ("I am, like Indeg, going out of my mind").
Modern culture
Indeg entered English literature with her brief appearance in Thomas Love Peacock's 1829 novel The Misfortunes of Elphin. Her name remains in occasional use in Wales as a girls' forename.
Footnotes
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77306894
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83nu%C8%99%20Neagu
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Fănuș Neagu
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By his own account, Neagu was for a while a semi-professional player of table tennis, whose greatest ranking was inclusion on Romania's national youth team. Now pursuing a career in teaching, he was trained at normal schools, first in Bucharest (where his teachers included a published poet, Emil Giurgiuca) and then in Galați. His education was supposed to be fulfilled at the Eminescu School of Literature, which he attended in 1951–1952; he also joined its volleyball team. During this time, he lived "more clandestinely than not", with Nicolae Velea and other young authors, in a small apartment at 13 Roma Street. He was also colleagues with three other authors noted for their talent: Radu Cosașu, Nicolae Labiș, and Ion Băieșu, the latter of whom became his good friend. In old age, he recalled that his literary style was shaped by foreign sources, primarily the major figures of Russian literature, and in part by the local tradition—specifically, through his readings from Mihail Sadoveanu, George Mihail Zamfirescu, Vasile Voiculescu, and Panait Istrati. He also defended the School of Literature, which had come to be derided as a communist institution: "I would not be the present-day Fănuș Neagu without [its influence]."
| 2.234375
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77306894
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83nu%C8%99%20Neagu
|
Fănuș Neagu
|
In 1979, Editura Sport-Turism had published Neagu's volume of biographical profiles, as Cartea cu prieteni ("The Book of Friends"), with illustrations by Dan Hatmanu. Neagu persevered as a playwright, and in early 1980 his Scoica de lemn ("Wooden Seashell") was staged by Nottara Theater, with a cast which included Ștefan Radof and Florian Pittiș. Dan Nasta, who directed it, was impressed by the work as a sample of "poetic drama", centered on myths about a "sunken church" in the Dobrujan soil; Micu describes this imagery as a "metaphor of illusion". Reviewer Mircea Ghițulescu welcomed the merger between Neagu and Nasta's competing forms of the "playful spirit", while suggesting that the former had his verbose metaphors toned down by the latter. Ghițulescu speculated that "Fănuș Neagu's original need to write in drama form must have been a need to hear his words, his so very beautiful word associations, spoken out on the stage." Having already published Faulknerian translations before 1973, Neagu returned to this activity in 1980: together with Florica Dulceanu, he produced a well-received translation of Georges Rodenbach's Bruges-la-Morte, published by Editura Univers (and illustrated by Sabin Bălașa). In 1986, Neagu and Puiu Brăileanu completed a version of Pavlo Zahrebelnyi's Acceleration (as Vîntul de seară).
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77306894
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83nu%C8%99%20Neagu
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Fănuș Neagu
|
Legacy
Upon his arrival on the literary scene, young Neagu was welcomed by Zaharia Stancu as a writer "of the plain", who could help counter the dominance of "men of the mountains" (the latter category included authors from Ion Creangă to Ion Agârbiceanu). Neagu was much admired by poet Nichita Stănescu, who depicts him in one of his pieces as a "gentle, calm and sluggish bear". According to Dimisianu, this portrayal was at least partly inaccurate, "aiming at appearances", since Neagu was in fact quick-tempered and sometimes violent. Likewise, Ștefănescu described the novelist as "massive, blond and freckled, always surly as if after a bender", overall a "picturesque figure on the literary scene." According to a diary entry by the Romanian Jewish poet Nina Cassian, which details her chance encounter with Neagu and Dan Claudiu Tănăsescu in September 1980, the two men pestered and terrorized her for an entire night of "screaming [and] cursing". She calls Neagu a "catastrophe" and an "antisemitic hooligan." As argued in 2009 by Dinu Cernescu, Neagu "love[d] to play the aging churl", but was in fact a consummate aesthete with a lifelong passion for reading.
| 1.90625
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77306996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%202024%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20100%20metres%20hurdles
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Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres hurdles
|
In the semi-final round, Amusan and Williams couldn't make the final. Only three finishers in the round failed to break 13 seconds. In the final, Devynne Charlton was a bit slow to react to the gun. Russell and Johnson were inches ahead over the first hurdle, which Ackera Nugent hit, knocking her off balance. By the second barrier, Nadine Visser was inches ahead of Russell, but even last place Nugent was within 60cm of the lead. By the third hurdle, six athletes were virtually even, but Johnson clobbered the hurdle with her trail leg taking her out of contention. By the fifth, Visser and Camacho-Quinn were the first to touch down, with Samba-Mayela within inches. Stark and Russell were about even a half metre down. Over the next three hurdles, Russell regained her deficit clearing even with Visser and Camacho-Quinn, now a few inches down on Samba-Mayela. Nugent hit 8 and ran around 9 taking her out of the race. Johnson hit 9 ending her chances. Visser slowed slightly going into 10 while Samba-Mayela, Camacho-Quinn and Russell took it in that order within inches of each other. Russell was faster on the run in, almost throwing her body over the finish line, flailing her arms to keep her balance. Samba-Mayela maintained her edge on Camacho-Quinn. Stark almost caught a slowing Visser for fourth. Three weeks after the Olympics, Nugent beat both Russell and Samba-Mayela in Rome running 12.24, the #4 time in history.
Background
The first women's sprint hurdling event was added to the programme at the 1932 Olympics in the form of the 80 metres hurdles. At the 1972 Games the women's distance was extended to the 100 metres hurdles, which is the current international standard.
Qualification
For the women's 100 metres hurdles event, the qualification period was between 1 July 2023 and 30 June 2024. 40 athletes were able to qualify for the event, with a maximum of three athletes per nation, by running the entry standard of 12.77 seconds or faster or by their World Athletics Ranking for this event.
| 2.109375
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77307051
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention%20for%20the%20Protection%20and%20Development%20of%20the%20Marine%20Environment%20of%20the%20Wider%20Caribbean%20Region
|
Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region
|
The Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, commonly called the Cartagena Convention, is an international agreement for the protection of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and a portion of the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. It was adopted on 24 March 1983, entered into force on 11 October 1986 subsequent to its ratification by Antigua and Barbuda, the ninth party to do so, and has been ratified by 26 states. It has been amended by three major protocols: the Protocol Concerning Co-operation in Combating Oil Spills in the
Wider Caribbean Region (Oil Spills Protocol), the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife to the Convention for the Protection
and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (SPAW Protocol) and the Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land-Based Sources and
Activities to the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (LBS Protocol).
History
The United Nations Environment Programme established the Regional Seas Programme in 1974, which works to promote the development of conventions and action plans for protection of 18 designated regional seas, of which the Wider Caribbean is one. The Wider Caribbean Region encompasses the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, the Straits of Florida out to 200 nautical miles from shore and the states and territories whose coastlines abut them. The Cartagena Convention defines the Atlantic boundaries of its convention area as lying south of 30 degrees north latitude and within 200 nautical miles of the Atlantic coasts of participating states.
| 2.9375
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77307051
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention%20for%20the%20Protection%20and%20Development%20of%20the%20Marine%20Environment%20of%20the%20Wider%20Caribbean%20Region
|
Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region
|
In 1977, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the UNEP collaborated to start preparations for the creation of a regional action plan and establishment of the Caribbean Environment Programme (CEP) for the protection and development of the Wider Caribbean. The Action Plan for the CEP was adopted at a meeting of representatives from 22 regional governments in Montego Bay, Jamaica in 1981, following preparatory meetings of government-nominated experts in Caracas, Venezuela, and Managua, Nicaragua.
An impetus for the subsequent creation of the Cartagena Convention was the major oil spill that occurred after two very large crude carriers, tankers SS Atlantic Empress and Aegean Captain collided off Trinidad and Tobago in July 1979. Between the collision itself and the subsequent breakup of the Atlantic Empress near Barbados two weeks later while under tow, it was the largest tanker spill ever, with loss of approximately 286,000 metric tons of oil to the marine environment. One month prior to the collision, the Ixtoc I oil spill began in the Bay of Campeche, which, after the 10 months required to stop the leakage from the blown-out oil well, became the largest oil spill to that point (476,190 metric tons). Approximately 250 spills, incidents that result in the release of greater than 0.17 metric tons of oil, occur annually in the oil-producing Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea according to estimates published in 2007. Even regular ship traffic, such as the cargo vessels passing to and from the Caribbean Sea through the Panama Canal or cruise ships plying routes to islands, can contribute to oil pollution through collisions and discharge of contaminated bilge water that has not been properly separated.
| 2.890625
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77307161
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20D.%20Finley
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Thomas D. Finley
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Thomas DeWees Finley was born in Annapolis, Maryland on June 2, 1895, a son of Colonel Walter Lowrie Finley and Louise S. (DeWees) Finley. Clement Finley was his grandfather and Clement Flagler was his first cousin. In addition, U.S. Representative Samuel Moore was his great-grandfather. Finley and his twin brother James Randlett Finley were educated at various military posts as their family moved for Walter Finley's career, and they completed high school at the Pennsylvania Military College (now Widener University) in 1911. At graduation, Finley received the Theodore Hyatt Medal for Scholarship in recognition of his academic achievements.
Finley obtained an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point and began attendance in 1912. In 1913, he was among several cadets who were disciplined following discovery of several incidents in which upperclassmen were found to have hazed underclassmen. In 1916, West Point fielded its first-ever tennis team; Finley was selected as a member and subsequently chosen to serve as the team captain. Finley graduated in June 1916 ranked eighth of 125, and among his classmates who also became general officers were Fay B. Prickett, Horace L. McBride, Louis E. Hibbs, William M. Hoge, Dwight Johns, Calvin DeWitt Jr., Robert Neyland, Stanley E. Reinhart, and Wilhelm D. Styer. His high class standing enabled him to obtain a second lieutenant's commission in the Corps of Engineers, the branch choice of most top tier graduates.
| 2.453125
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77307169
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytechnic%20Square
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Polytechnic Square
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Polytechnic Square (Polish: Plac Politechniki) is an urban square and a roundabout in Warsaw, Poland, within the Downtown district. It forms an intersection of Nowowiejska, Noakowskiego, Lwowska, Śniadeckich, and Polna Streets. The square was constructed in 1768. Next to it is the Warsaw University of Technology.
History
The square began construction in 1768, as part of the Stanisław Axis, an urban layout made of five squares and roads, connecting Warsaw with Ujazdów Castle, developed from the initiative of king Stanisław August Poniatowski. It was designed by Johann Christian Schuch. University of Technology Square was placed on a Royal Route, and next to the Lubomirski Ramparts, a line of fortifications erected around the city.
In 1784, from the initiative of king Stanisław August Poniatowski, alongside Nowowiejska Street, the settlement of Nowa Wieś (lit. from Polish: New Village) was built, where the inhabitants of the village of Ujazdów, who were displaced due to construction of Ujazdów Castle there, were settled. It consisted of twelve houses, placed symmetrically on both sides of the street, located between Saviour Square and University of Technology Square.
At the turn of the 20th century, around the northeastern side of the square, tenements were developed. Due to the presence of the Lubomirski Ramparts on the other side, it remained undeveloped until they were demolished in 1916. In 1901, at the square, the Main Building of the Warsaw University of Technology was opened.
In 1887, at Polna Street, to the south of the square, the Mokotów Field Horce Race Track was opened. In 1895, the first annual Great Warsaw Race, which became the most prestigious horce race in Poland, was held there. The venue was closed down in 1938.
A portion of the tenements were destroyed during the Second World War, and were later replaced with new ones.
| 2.03125
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77307209
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel%20Ant%C3%B4nio%20Vital%20de%20Oliveira
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Manoel Antônio Vital de Oliveira
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Vital de Oliveira's first assignment during the Paraguayan War was to travel to France to take possession of the ironclad Nemesis and take it to Brazil in 1866. Crossing the Atlantic, he met with tempestuous weather, but brought the ship safely into Rio de Janeiro. The ship was renamed the Silvado, and joined the war under the command of Vital de Oliveira, who had been promoted to Post-Captain on 21 January 1867. On the 2 February, the Brazilian fleet, with Silvado as its flagship, started a bombardment of the fortifications at Curupaiti. The Paraguayans returned fire, and Vital de Oliveira was killed while directing the bombardment from the bridge of his ship.
Three naval ships have been named after him:
The corvette Vital de Oliveira, which was the first Brazilian ship to circumnavigate the globe, in 1876.
The auxiliary ship Vital de Oliveira, which was sunk by a German U-boat torpedo attack on 20 July 1944.
The research vessel Vital de Oliveira which entered service in 2015.
Vital de Oliveira was named Patrono da Hidrografia da Marinha by decree on 21 January 1976. His date of birth is marked in Brazil as "Hydrographer's Day".
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77307346
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artesia%20Cemetery
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Artesia Cemetery
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Artesia Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Cerritos, California. Opposite Gahr High School, it is one of the oldest cemeteries in Los Angeles County, with burials as far back as the 1860s. The cemetery is maintained by the Artesia Historical Society and was the only local cemetery for a while.
History
The cemetery has been used since the 1860s and was established in 1875. The oldest surviving grave is from 1882. The cemetery was the only local cemetery in the area, serving the cities of Cerritos, Artesia, Hawaiian Gardens, and parts Lakewood, Long Beach, and Norwalk. It contained over forty graves of American Civil War veterans. It was privately owned until it was consolidated, with some other private cemeteries, into the Artesia Cemetery District on September 24, 1928, by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors.
By 2016, the cemetery had fallen into disrepair, infested with gophers and weeds. Member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors Janice Hahn led an initiative to clean it up, with former California State Senate member Tony Mendoza being appointed as the general manager in 2019. A grand re-opening occurred on September 28.
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77307493
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa%20Indians
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Cocoa Indians
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Cocoa player/manager "Bama" Rowell was in his first season as a minor league manager in 1953. Before returning to the minor leagues, Rowell had played six seasons in the major leagues with the Boston Braves (1939–1941, 1946–1947) and Philadelphia Phillies (1948) as a second baseman and outfielder. Coming from a family with 10 children, Rowell had played both football and baseball while attending Louisiana State University. His major league baseball career was interrupted by World War II. Rowell was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1941 and served in a chemical warfare training battalion, eventually achieving the rank of sergeant. He returned to baseball following his military service. Playing for the Boston Braves on May 30, 1946, Rowell hit a notable ball at Ebbets Field in a game against the Brooklyn Dodgers that struck the Bulova clock that was atop the scoreboard. The ball bounded back onto the field and broken glass rained down on the Dodgers' outfielder Dixie Walker. The hit inspired a scene in the 1984 movie The Natural. In 1987, Bulova presented Rowell with a wristwatch in honor of the event. Bulova had promoted a free watch to any player who hit the clock and Rowell received his watch 41 years later, on "Bama Rowell Day," held in his hometown of Citronelle, Alabama.
| 2.453125
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77307699
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepraria%20bergensis
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Lepraria bergensis
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Lepraria bergensis is an uncommon crustose lichen in the family Stereocaulaceae. It occurs in Northern and Central Europe, where it grows on siliceous (silicon-rich) rock walls, particularly under small overhangs, and on mosses on vertical to slightly sloping rock surfaces. The lichen thallus forms as a pale bluish-grey crust-like growth on rocks and mosses. The lichen begins as small, rounded patches a few millimetres wide, which may eventually coalesce into larger areas exceeding 1 centimetre in diameter. The thallus has a powdery texture, consisting of minute known as soredia and , which facilitate the lichen's asexual reproduction. The chemical composition of Lepraria bergensis is distinguished by the presence of several secondary metabolites: atranorin, rangiformic acid or jackinic acid, trace amounts of their respective derivatives, and a variety of anthraquinones. These chemical components cause the lichen to fluoresce a dull yellow under long-wave ultraviolet light.
Taxonomy
The species was formally described as a new to science in 2002 by the Norwegian lichenologist Tor Tønsberg. The type locality was documented by Tønsberg in March 2002. This lichen was found in the municipality of Bergen (Hordaland region, Norway). The type specimen was collected in Åsane, at an elevation of meters above sea level. Here, Lepraria bergensis was found growing on mosses covering west-facing rock surfaces ranging from nearly vertical to slightly sloping. The species epithet refers to the municipality of Bergen where it was discovered.
Subsequent genetic analysis showed that Lepraria bergensis is basal to a clade consisting of the species L. isidiata and L. santosii.
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77308062
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence%20Honours%20and%20Awards%20scandal
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Defence Honours and Awards scandal
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In 1993, the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1RAR) deployed to Somalia on Operation Solace, as part of the Australian contribution to a United Nations peacemaking mission in Somalia. At the time and during later honours reviews, the operation had not been considered a 'warlike operation', however nine distinguished service decorations had been awarded to personnel for actions during the operation. These included 2 DSC's, 1 DSM and 6 CDS's. The first recipients of the distinguished service cross was Colonel William Mellor, commander Australian forces Somalia and Lieutenant Colonel David Hurley, commanding officer of 1RAR. Colonel Mellor was awarded the distinguished service cross for "distinguished command and leadership as Commander, Australian Force Somalia" and Lieutenant Colonel Hurley was awarded the same decoration for "distinguished command and leadership as Commanding Officer, 1st Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment, Group in Somalia." Both failed to mention 'in action' as part of the citations. The official defence standing is that service in Somalia from 17 October 1992 to 30 April 1993 was found to be 'warlike' by the 2022 Inquiry into unit recognition for Australian Defence Force service in Somalia by the Defence Honours and Awards Appeals Tribunal. Regardless of how distinguished the command or distinguished the leadership officers had performed, due to the lack of engagement with rebel forces in Somalia, the highest awards that could have been achieved was that of Officer of the Order of Australia, Member of the Order of Australia or Commendation for Distinguished Service.
| 2.15625
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77308619
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20University%20of%20Technology
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European University of Technology
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European University Alliances
European University alliances aim to implement long-term joint strategies, with the goal of improving access to education, research, and innovation. A budget of €402.2 million allocated in the 2021-2027 Erasmus+ program, these alliances developing and implementing joint strategies to expand access to high-quality, inclusive education, research, and innovation. European University includes alliances from major capital cities to remote regions across 35 countries, engaging nearly 1,700 associated partners.
Vision
The European University of Technology EUt+ aims to address global challenges, with technology playing a crucial role. They aim to be a benchmark for policymakers, guiding European strategy towards unified, evidence-based approaches to global issues. Europe faces challenges in maintaining technological innovation challenges, the European University of Technology (EUt+) addresses these global challenges, emphasizing the critical role of technology in driving solutions. EUt+ sets standards for policymakers by advocating unified, evidence-based approaches to global issues, thereby guiding European strategies.
Emphasizing multiculturalism and a strong European ethos, EUt+ integrates societal needs into its educational framework with a focus on human-centered principles. Financial support primarily derives from the Erasmus+ program, supplemented by contributions from member institutions and additional funding from national and regional schemes like France 2030 and DAAD. With EUt+ European technological education empowers individuals to address global challenges, contributing to an impactful Europe in the 21st century.
| 2.171875
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77309105
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Peter%27s%20Church%2C%20Theberton
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St Peter's Church, Theberton
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St Peter's Church is the parish church of Theberton in Suffolk, England, and in the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich. It is a round-tower church, and parts of the building date from the 12th century. The building is Grade I listed.
Description
There is a nave and chancel, over which there is a continuous thatched roof, and a south aisle. The nave and the round tower are of the 12th century, with 15th-century windows. The chancel, originally of the 12th century, with a surviving stone corbel table below the eaves, was extended eastward about 1300.
The octagonal upper section of the tower dates from about 1300, with a crenellated parapet of the 15th century, around the base of which are four projecting gargoyles that throw rainwater clear of the walls. The 12th-century north door, now within the 19th-century vestry, has a chevroned arch in two orders, and two orders of colonettes. The south porch, with flushwork decoration, was built about 1470.
The pulpit and octagonal font are of the 15th century; the font has alternating lions and angels around the bowl, and alternationg lions and wodewoses around the stem.
The south aisle was added in the 15th century, and was rebuilt in the 1840s by the Doughty family of Theberton Hall. In the south aisle there is a memorial to Frederica Doughty (died 1843), and a memorial to the writer and explorer Charles Montagu Doughty.
The link with Adelaide
There are display cases illustrating the link with Adelaide in Australia. William Light, who surveyed the site for the city in 1836, was educated in Theberton by his father's friend Charles Doughty; Thebarton, a suburb of Adelaide, was originally (as Theberton) the name he gave to his house there.
| 2.265625
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77309250
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20and%20Albert%20Akbarnama
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Victoria and Albert Akbarnama
|
History of the manuscript
The manuscript has no colophon. However, on the lower margin of folio 84/117 (image no. 169, verso) there is an informal note which reads: "completed at the command of ...(illegible)... in the month Day of the year 40". This refers to the 40th year of Akbar's reign, resulting in a date between December 10, 1595 and January 9, 1596. The text and images of the Victoria-and-Albert-Akbar-nāma only cover the period from 1560 to 1577. In addition to this small inscription, several seals and handwritten annotations on the recto of the first folio Notes on the further whereabouts of the manuscript: Jahangir confirms in an autograph that he took over the work shortly after his accession to the throne and classifies this Akbar-nāma as a particularly valuable manuscript of "first class second degree". Next, Aurangzeb had his seal affixed to the volume in 1668/69, after which the work disappeared from the imperial library at an unspecified date. Seals from 1766 and 1794 identify the Nawab of Rampur as the new owner. The further fate of the book can only be vaguely traced. Since the first volume of the Victoria-and-Albert-Akbar-nāma is in the Golestan Palace, suggests that this volume arrived in Iran at some point after 1669. The second volume remained in India until it was discovered by Major General Clarke, who was a senior administrative officer in the province of Awadh from 1858 to 1862. His widow finally sold the manuscript to the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1896. The museum initially assumed that it was an illustrated Āʾīn-i Akbarī. It was only when Henry Beveridge visited the museum in 1905 that he identified the manuscript as an Akbar-nāma.
| 2.125
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77309250
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20and%20Albert%20Akbarnama
|
Victoria and Albert Akbarnama
|
Role models in the Tārīḫ-i ḫandān-i Tīmūriyya
Seyller's conclusions tie in with Milo Beach's considerations that the illustrations of the First Akbar-nāma could have been intended for an earlier biography of Akbar, possibly a kind of continuation of the History of the Descendants of Timur (pers. Tarīḫ-i ḫandān-i Tīmūriyya). This richly illustrated work, also called Tīmūr-nāma, was the first historical manuscript to be written and illustrated together with the Tari-i aḫlfi (pers. History of 1000 Years) at the Mughal court from 1584. The fact that the paintings of the Akbar-nāma are stylistically closely related to those of the Tīmūr-nāma is not only due to the fact that the painters in the later manuscript were able to fall back on a compositional vocabulary that had already been established by the Tīmūr-nāma. In fact, a number of the same painters were involved in both manuscripts: Basawan, Laʿl, Miskin, Jagan and Kesav Kalan were responsible for the composition here and there. Other artists, who were primarily responsible for the coloring, can also be found in both manuscripts.
The similarities in the manuscripts are particularly evident in episodes from Akbar's life that appear in both manuscripts. Two illustrations in the First Akbar-nāma on the siege of Ranthambhor have each adopted individual elements from the "Siege of Chitor" in the Tīmūr-nāma. The close relationship between the two manuscripts is also evident in the "Battle of Sarnal", while the corresponding illustration in the "Second Akbar-nāma" looks completely different. Here the forest of thorns has shrunk into a compact hedge and most of the riders are galloping along quite uniformly with their sabres drawn. Much of the vibrancy of the earlier images has been lost.
| 2.625
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77309289
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarmonyOS%20kernel
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HarmonyOS kernel
|
HarmonyOS kernel offers core capabilities and security benefits to the upper layers, including process and thread management, memory management, file system management, network management and Peripheral management. Alongside, HarmonyOS kernel, the integrated Hardware Driver Foundation (HDF) underpins an open hardware ecosystem for HarmonyOS. It standardizes peripheral device access and streamlines I/O driver development and management. Other layers of the multi-layered operating system of OpenHarmony-based HarmonyOS that sits on top of HarmonyOS kernel includes the middle System Service Layer where the system service layer provides essential services enabling the framework layer to support application functionalities. It consists of several subsystems such as the Basic System Capability Subsystem set ensures seamless distributed operation across OpenHarmony devices by handling, Distributed app execution, Scheduling and migration, Core capabilities like Distributed Soft Bus (DSoftBus) around the Distributed Virtual framework across devices with distributed data management, Distributed Scheduler, Utilities, multimodal input, graphics, security, and AI. Also, Basic Software Service Subsystem Set: These subsystems offer universal software services such as for Common events and notifications, Telephony services, Multimedia handling and Design For X (DFX). Then, Enhanced Software Service Subsystem Set where these subsystems deliver specialized software services tailored for various device types, including Smart TVs, Wearables, IoT devices, personal computers, smartphones, smart car displays and other types of devices. Hardware Service Subsystem set provides hardware-related services such as, Location services, Identity and Access Management (IAM) and Services specific to wearables and IoT devices. These subsystems within the basic software, enhanced software, and hardware service sets can be adapted and extended to fit the deployment scenarios of different device forms
| 1.976563
| 0
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77309305
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Kibble%20%28stonemason%29
|
John Kibble (stonemason)
|
John Kibble (1865 - 1951) was a British stonemason and local historian. He is best known for his book collections of anecdotes, customs, stories and legends about Wychwood Forest, Charlbury and its surrounding villages.
Life
John Kibble was born in Finstock. He followed in his father's and grandfather's footsteps to become a stonemason. His father and grandfather were considered 'unusually literate and well-versed in local affairs'. Kibble was also a Methodist lay preacher. With his work and calling he had the opportunity to visit many places and there collected the often forgotten stories that would populate his books. He later moved to Charlbury where he and his wife lived until his death.
Stonemasonry
John Kibble built, but did not design, the fountain on the Playing Close in 1896 to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, her visit to Charlbury to visit the recently bereaved Lady Churchill at Cornbury, and the new town waterworks. John Kibble carved many of the gravestones in Charlbury Cemetery and the statue of Queen Victoria in the Museum.
Bibliography
Historical and Other Notes on the Ancient Manor of Charlbury and its nine hamlets (1927)
Historical and Other Notes on Wychwood Forest and many of its Border Places (1928) - Re-issued by Wychwood Press (1999)
Charming Charlbury: A Wychwood Gem (1930) - Re-issued by Wychwood Press (1999)
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77309330
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentafluoroselenium%20hypofluorite
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Pentafluoroselenium hypofluorite
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Pentafluoroselenium hypofluorite is a selenium compound with the chemical formula SeOF6. It was discovered at 1959.
Preparation
Pentafluoroselenium hypofluorite can be produced from the reaction of selenium dioxide or selenium oxychloride with fluorine gas in the presence of silver difluoride catalyst. However, the reaction yield is low (14%), and it is hard to purify due to large amount of SeF6 byproduct.
Pentafluoroselenium hypofluorite can also formed from selenium oxyfluoride and fluorine gas in the presence of potassium fluoride.
SeOF2 + KF → K+[SeOF3]− —F2→ K+[SeOF5]− —F2→ KF + SeOF6
The reaction of fluorine gas and Hg(OSeF5)2 produces SeOF6 in much higher yield and with less SeF6.
Reactions
Pentafluoroselenium hypofluorite is reactive, but not as reactive as pentafluorosulfur hypofluorite. It reacts with water to release oxygen gas. It reacts with potassium hydroxide too, forming potassium selenate, potassium fluoride, water and oxygen gas.：
2 SeOF6 + 16 KOH → 2 K2SeO4 + 12 KF + 8 H2O + O2↑
SeOF6 can also oxidize potassium iodide into iodine. It explodes upon reacting with ethylene, and the reaction with perfluorocyclopentene produces F5SeOC5F9. SeOF6 reacts with sulfur tetrafluoride to produce thionyl fluoride, thionyl tetrafluoride, sulfuryl fluoride, selenium hexafluoride and F5SOSeF5. SeOF6 reacts very slowly with carbon monoxide, and produces F5SeOCFO at 65°C. SeOF6 reacts with bromine to form BrOSeF5.
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77309545
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna%20Hardy
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Joanna Hardy
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Joanna Hardy (born 9 November 1961) is a British fine jewellery specialist, dealer and broadcaster who is a regular on BBC Antiques Roadshow and on the board of the Gemmological Association of Great Britain.
Life
Joanna was born in 1961 in London. Her godmother, Margaret Biggs, was the first woman to pass her gemmology exam to become a Fellow of the Gemmological Association of Great Britain. She passed that with distinction in 1923. She was also President of the National Association of Goldsmiths.
Joanna's father, John, was a businessman within the juke box and slot machine industry. Joanna learned to love making things at her father's workshop and every holiday, as a child, she worked at one of his businesses. She went to prep school in the village of Liphook where she was Headgirl in her final year. At 13, Joanna enrolled at Bedales School. She was not a natural academic, but she took a strong interest in design. She left after her first year in the sixth form because she was keen to learn more.
Hardy initially trained as a goldsmith at Sir John Cass College before she worked grading rough diamonds for the De Beers company. She worked in a number of countries including Israel, Belgium and Scandinavia. The diamonds were then all cut by hand and she could look at a gem and tell where it had been cut by the angles of the cuts.
She went through a rigorous process to appreciate the authenticity and value of a pink diamond gem that was finally auctioned by Phillips and sold at $6 million in 1995.
She joined the BBC's television's Antiques Roadshow in 2007 when she was working for the auctioneers Sotheby's.
In 2014 she was cautioning collectors as it was observed that coloured gemstones were the fashion rather than diamonds. Some of the value and interest was due to fashion, but Hardy noted that the gems were rare and that was the underlying reason why they achieved high prices. However many gems were heatreated to give an unoriginal colour.
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77309934
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhmatdyt
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Okhmatdyt
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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
After the revolutionary events of 1917, the hospital housed, in addition to therapeutic beds, a tuberculosis dispensary, a 30-bed maternity hospital, and a consultation center for mothers and pregnant women. The organization of healthcare in Kyiv at that time was handled by the District Health Inspectorate, which included the protection of motherhood and childhood inspection department, which dealt with maternal and child health care. The protection of motherhood and childhood infrastructure included children's hospitals in the city, milk kitchens, baby homes, and counseling centers. These medical institutions also trained medical students and nurses.
In October 1927, the health inspectorate sent a memo to the district executive committee, proposing to combine the disparate maternal and child healthcare institutions and create the OHMATDYT Institute. It was proposed that the institute be located in a hospital for the poor, where a maternity hospital, a women's consultation, and a children's tuberculosis clinic were already operating at the time. On November 11, 1927, the Collegium of the People's Commissariat of Health of Ukraine approved a resolution on the organization of the Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Childhood in Kyiv, which was officially opened in March 1929. Since then, the hospital's development as a major children's medical institution has been closely linked to the institute's activities.
Post-dissolution of USSR
Since 1998, the Center for Pediatric Oncohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation has been operating within the hospital's structure, providing state-of-the-art diagnostics and treatment of oncohematological diseases and bone marrow transplants to sick children. The center's active work on the study and adaptation of highly effective foreign technologies in treating childhood leukemia and lymphoma has increased the positive results of chemotherapy programs in the center's departments fivefold.
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77310084
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sayyid%20Shaykh%20bin%20Ahmad%20al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi (November 22, 1867 – February 20 1934; also spelled Syed Sheikh al-Hady) was a Malay-Arab entrepreneur, publicist and writer in British Malaya, who was one of the pioneers of the Malay educational and nationalist movement and advocated a rationalist-oriented reform of Islam in the Malay Archipelago.
Born in Kampung Hulu, Malacca he was strongly influenced by the Egyptian modernists Muhammad ʿAbduh (1849–1905) and Qāsim Amīn (1863–1908) and promoted their ideas among the Malay Muslims, especially for a modern image of women. He founded several journals and schools and wrote a large number of articles and books. One feature that sets al-Hadi apart from other contemporary Islamic reform scholars is his use of novels as a means of propagating Islamic ideals. His romance novel Faridah Hanom is considered the first Malay novel, he is also called the "father of the Malay novel".<ref>Bahjat / Muhammad: The Significance of the Arabic-Modelled Malay Novel Hikayat Faridah Hanum. 2010. p. 249.</ref> As a modernist and progressivist, Sayyid Shaykh also advocated British colonial rule over Malaya and called for the establishment of Anglo-Malay schools. He died in Jelutong, Penang.
Biography
Sayyid Syeikh's early years are not well documented, as he did not write an autobiography and no contemporary has compiled information about them. Most of the information on this period comes from two biographical sections by his son Sayyid Alwi. According to this, Sayyid Shaykh was born on 25 Rajab 1284 of the Hijrah (= November 22, 1867) as the fourth child of his parents in Kampung Hulu, a district of Malacca. His four siblings died in infancy.
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77310084
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sayyid%20Shaykh%20bin%20Ahmad%20al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi
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Pulau Penyengat
Around the year 1874, when Sayyid Shaykh was seven years old, His father and his brother Sayyid Muhammad moved from Malacca to Penyengat Island, part of the Riau Islands, where the Buginese sub-kings (Yamtuan Muda)''' of the Riau Lingga Sultanate resided. The two brothers had relations with the ruling house there, because a great-uncle of Sayyid Shaykh had married into their family. Sayyid Shaykh was adopted here by Raja Haji Ali Kelana. He was the son and designated successor (Raja Muda) of Raja Muhammad Yusuf, the then Yamtuan Muda and brother of Sultan Abdul Rahman II. Sayyid Shaykh later wrote in an article in memory of his adoptive father that he had experienced the Raja's favor since the age of 15. This indicates that the adoption by him took place at this age.
After learning the basics of the Malay language and Islamic doctrines, Sayyid Shaykh was sent to a traditional religious school in Kuala Terengganu together with his uncle Sayyid Muhammad for further studies. Here he married a girl from Terengganu and spent a lot of time with the royal family, which was possible because his uncle was a close friend of the Sultan. He took little interest in his studies, however. After a year or two, he was called back to Pulau Penyengat by his adoptive father, where he now received a full education in Malay language and culture as well as religion. Raja Ali Kelana, who had a comprehensive Islamic-religious and Malay education, partly taught him himself. Within the royal family, Sayyid Shaykh was addressed with the nickname Engku Anum ("Mr. Overripe" or "Mr. Reddish").
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77310084
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sayyid%20Shaykh%20bin%20Ahmad%20al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi
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In 1914, Sayyid Shaykh had a dispute with the State Mufti of Johor. The reason for this was that he himself had concluded the marriage of his daughter instead of leaving this act to an authorized Qādī. Although he was permitted to do so according to the Shafiite school of law, he had violated the official state regulation of Johor, which stipulated that marriages could only be entered into by Qādīs. The Mufti complained about this incident to the Sultan, who advised Sayyid Shaykh to apologize to the Mufti. Sayyid Shaykh refused, however, saying that he had not done anything forbidden. The confrontation with the mufti, who was the highest religious authority in Johor, worsened his social position. It also came to Sayyid Shaykh's attention that there were plans to switch to English law in the Sultanate of Johor, which had previously used an Arabic version of the Mecelle in civil law, which Sayyid Shaykh saw as a threat to his professional livelihood.
For these reasons, Sayyid Shaykh moved back to Malacca, his old home, in 1914. There he founded an Arab religious school called Madrasat al-Hādī together with Haji Abu Bakar bin Ahmad alias Haji Bacik in 1915 in Kampung Hulu, the village where he was born. However, the Malays of Malacca rejected his teachings and therefore did not send their children to his school. Therefore, al-Hadi moved on to Penang around 1916. According to some reports, he had to leave Malacca in a hurry after there had almost been physical attacks against him. The school he founded in Malacca had to close again in 1917. Overall, Sayyid Shaykh greatly reduced his educational and publishing work during his time in Johor and Malacca. This is attributed to the fact that the traditional social structures that prevailed there did not provide him with the necessary conditions for this.
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77310084
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sayyid%20Shaykh%20bin%20Ahmad%20al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi
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Publicist activities: the al-Ikhwān magazine
While he was still in the service of the Madrasat al-Mashhur, Sayyid Shaykh resumed an earlier idea, namely the writing of a history of Islam in Malay. In 1922, he published the first volume of this "Islamic History" (at-Tarikh ul-islami), which was planned to consist of 15 to 20 volumes. However, seeing that the work was not selling well enough, he abandoned the project and turned to writing love stories and detective novels, which were more financially successful. Between 1925 and 1926, he published his first romance novel Hikayat Faridah Hanum with al-Aminiyya Press in Penang. The book had an overwhelming response in the Malay Peninsula at the time.
In September 1926, al-Hadi turned to journalism again after a long time and started a new monthly magazine entitled Al-Ikhwān ("The Brothers"), which was conceived as a continuation of al-Imam. The title referred to the Quranic phrase "Surely the believers are brothers" (Sura 49:10), which was also printed in calligraphic form on the cover of each issue. In the editorial of the first issue, he explained the audience he had in mind with this magazine and the purpose he was pursuing with it.
Al-Ikhwān contained articles on the need to purify Islam, the progress and reform processes in the more developed Muslim countries and the adaptability of Islam to modern living conditions, as well as sections of al-Hadi's commentary on the last suras of the Qur'an and other sections of his history of Islam as well as translations of Arabic books from Egypt. Al-Hadi also included articles on religious topics by his longtime friend Tahir Jalaluddin, by the man of letters Pandita Za'ba, the translator Muhammad Zain bin Ayub and others in the journal.
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77310084
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sayyid%20Shaykh%20bin%20Ahmad%20al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi
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Jelutong Press and the newspaper Saudara
In 1927, al-Hadi established the Jelutong Printing Press in Jelutong, the southern suburb of George Town where he already lived, which was to become the most important publisher of Islamic reformist publications in Malaya. He used the proceeds from the sale of his novel Faridah Hanum as a financial basis. The company, which was based at 555 Jelutong Road, He was also involved in the stationery trade, bookbinding and the production of stamps.
From then on, al-Hadi also distributed his journal al-Ikhwān with Jelutong Press. In addition, he published a large number of novels in the publishing house from December 1927. They appeared in a series entitled Angan-angan kehidupan ("Thoughts on Life"), which were sent to subscribers in monthly deliveries of around 100 pages. They always had a modern Islamic or Arabic background and claimed to be adaptations of modern Arabic literature. The English subtitle of the series, The Moral Trainer, made it clear what al-Hadi's intention was. In addition, al-Hadi published the Rokambul series, a number of detective stories based on Ponson's Rocambole, which he translated into Malay from an Arabic original, as well as Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah (1928), an official history of the Sultanate of Kedah.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sayyid%20Shaykh%20bin%20Ahmad%20al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi
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In September 1928, al-Hadi founded the new weekly newspaper Saudara ("Brother, Friend, Comrade"). Although al-Hadi also criticized Malay customs and called for religious reforms, the magazine was somewhat more secular than al-Ikhwān and contained more news. Sayyid Shaykh himself explained the difference between the two organs: political discussions were to appear in Saudara, while al-Ikhwān was to remain a non-political, religious magazine. Longer articles were usually split between different issues so as not to bore the reader. Al-Hadi also printed columns and sections from his detective stories in Saudara. The newspaper had a circulation of 1000. It was later increased to 1500 to 1700 copies. The readership consisted of Malays and other Muslims in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and Pattani, as well as Malay Muslim students in London, Cairo and Mecca. Al-Hadi initially entrusted the editorship to Muhammad Yunus bin Abdul Hamid, and from August 1930 to Abdul Rahim Kajai, who was one of the outstanding Malay journalists at the time.
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77310084
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sayyid%20Shaykh%20bin%20Ahmad%20al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi
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Positions
Religion
Rationality of Islam
Like Muhammad ʿAbduh, al-Hadi addressed his writings less to convinced Muslims than to those educated Malays who doubted that Islam could still serve as a guide in modern life. He himself, on the other hand, was firmly convinced that Islamic religion and rationality were compatible. This was also the main theme of his book "Islam and Reason", published in 1930. In it, he went through the five pillars of Islam one by one and attempted to demonstrate their rationality. The purpose of the Confession of Faith, for example, was to give people a firm belief in God. This, explains al-Hadi, frees people from the fear of powers or energies beyond the causality created by God, because the believer knows that God's power transcends all other powers. He therefore no longer fears powers and energies that are attributed to wood, stones, idols, graves, spirits or demons. In view of the fact that Islam was still strongly mixed with animist and Hinduism elements among the Malay Muslims at the time, this statement had a strong impact. elements, this statement had a particular relevance.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sayyid%20Shaykh%20bin%20Ahmad%20al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi
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Politics
Assessment of the Malay ruling elites
Although Sayyid Sheikh had had much contact with the traditional Malay ruling elites in his youth, especially in Riau, and had also been patronized by them, he frequently expressed his displeasure with them in his writings and blamed them for the weakness of the Malays. Thus, in 1906 in al-Imām, he accused the Malay rulers of spending their time gambling and satisfying lustful desires and neglecting their duties. According to al-Hadi, they spent their money on useless and extravagant things that benefited neither the state nor the nation.
One of the few Malay rulers who was viewed favorably by al-Hadi was Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor (r. 1862–1895). In his article Ash-Sharaf: Kemuliaan atau Kehormatan (Sharaf: Pomp or Honor?) of February 1908, al-Hadi cites him as a particularly positive example of a native ruler, but emphasizes that this sultan is not remembered for his fine shirts, imposing palace and medals, but for his glorious and honorable efforts to save an Islamic state that had fallen "into the jaws of a ferocious tiger". He had founded a government for his community and his descendants and had kept this government independent throughout his life, while many others had sold their states cheaply in crowded markets. Later, in the context of criticizing Malay wedding customs, al-Hadi praised the sultans of Johor and Kedah, who had held only very simple ceremonies at the marriages of their children.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sayyid%20Shaykh%20bin%20Ahmad%20al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi
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Malay nationalism
Although Sayyid Shaykh himself was of Arab-Hadramite descent on his father's side, he clearly considered Malaya to be his homeland and regarded the Malays as his ethnic group. His journal al-Ikhwān was addressed to "all his brothers in the Malay world" (sekalian ikhwannya di dalam alam Melayu). When he spoke of the land of the Malays, he meant the whole Malay Peninsula and the surrounding islands that make up the Malay Archipelago. In Saudara, al-Hadi reproached the "eminent personalities of Islam" (orang besar-besar Islam) in Malaya for sitting idly in the assemblies and having their hands kissed instead of working to improve the situation of their countrymen.
Sayyid Shaykh repeatedly expressed his concern for the continued existence of the Malay people. In September 1906, for example, he expressed his fear that the Malays could suffer the same fate as the indigenous peoples of America and Australia. Only God could save them from this. And in October 1930, he published an article in al-Ikhwān entitled "Will the Malays be wiped out?" (Adakah Kaum Melayu ini Akan Hapus?), in which he warned the Malays that their non-participation in the economic sphere could jeopardize their very survival.
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77310084
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sayyid%20Shaykh%20bin%20Ahmad%20al-Hadi
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Al-Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi
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Social and intellectual equality of women
In his book on the nature of women, published in 1930, al-Hadi rejected the widespread traditional view that women were inferior to men in status and intellect. He argued that Sura 49:13 shows that people, regardless of their gender, have the same ability to recognize God and are equally accountable under His law. The equality of men and women is also proven by the hadith "Women are the second halves of men" (innamā n-nisāʾ šaqāʾiq ar-riǧāl). In his view, the Qur'anic statement in Sura 2:228 that men are one step above women does not mean that men are superior to women. Rather, the statement must be understood in the sense of superiority, just as the head is higher than the stomach; but even if the head is higher than other parts of the body, it cannot live without the stomach. Al-Hadi regarded the degradation of Muslim women in the present as a consequence of social and political developments within the Muslim community from the Abbasid period onwards. As proof, he referred to the early Islamic period, in which, in his view, women enjoyed great respect and played an important role in public life in both peacetime and wartime.
The theme of women's emancipation also plays an important role in the novel Faridah Hanum. In it, Al-Hadi tells how Faridah's father was filled with the belief that women were inferior according to Islam because he was under the influence of unqualified and ignorant religious teachers who taught Muslims such things. Al-Hadi rejects this teaching and emphasizes that the true Islamic teaching on women is completely contrary to what these unfortunate religious teachers had spread. The novel ends with a reference to the speeches of Hudā Shaʿrāwī and with a condemnation of such misogynistic traditions that contradict Islam:
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77310114
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda%20Kaichi
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Soda Kaichi
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was a Japanese Protestant missionary and social worker. He is remembered in South Korea for his charitable work in Korea under Japanese rule, particularly through the Kamakura Orphanage (; now Youngnak Borinwon), which he led from 1921 to 1945. During this time, he cared for more than a thousand Korean orphans.
He and his wife are the only Japanese people to be buried in Yanghwajin Foreign Missionary Cemetery, now in Seoul, South Korea.
Early life
Soda was born on October 20, 1867, in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Empire of Japan. In his youth, he worked a variety of jobs. At age 20, he moved to Nagasaki and worked as a coal miner and then elementary school teacher. He then became a sailor on a Norwegian cargo ship. After Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War and its acquisition of Taiwan, he moved to Taiwan and worked in a German-run factory. He also visited Hong Kong and China; during his travels he reportedly met and was inspired by Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen.
Soda professed to being a heavy drinker around this time. In 1899, he fell over while drunk on a street in Taiwan. Most people ignored him lying there, and his position put him at risk of physical harm. A Korean took pity on him and brought him to an inn. The Korean paid for his meal, took care of him, and then disappeared without telling Soda his name. Soda, moved by this experience, reportedly resolved to help others. He moved to Korea in June 1905 to help the country of his benefactor.
Activities in Korea
In Korea, Soda began teaching the Japanese language at the (now the YMCA Korea). While there, he met and was inspired by . He then converted to Protestant Christianity and began practicing and advocating for temperance. He reportedly befriended prominent Korean activists at the YMCA, including the future President of South Korea Syngman Rhee. In 1909, he married his wife Ueno Takiko (), who taught English at Sookmyung Girls' High School and Ewha Girls' High School.
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77310408
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine%20of%20Jerusalem
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Cuisine of Jerusalem
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In the 16th century, bread, favored for its affordability and high nutritional value, was the predominant staple in Jerusalem, surpassing both meat and olive oil in importance. Meat was costly and less accessible, while olive oil, though cheaper, played a less central role in the diet. Various types of bread, including kmaj (a pocket bread similar to pita, with a name of Persian origin), mawi (pancakes made from wheat, semolina, and water), sammun (bread rolls), simid, tannuri, and tabbuni, were produced by bakeries, which often baked multiple times a day to meet the high demand. Records from Jerusalem's Islamic court in the 17th century provide additional details about breads and baked goods available at the time, including kmaj, ka'ak (sesame bagels), and aljerk (a loaf filled with dates, cheese, and herbs, today known as maruk). Obadiah of Bertinoro, who visited Jerusalem in the late 15th century, described finding grapes larger than those in Romagna, Italy, and noted the sale of grape syrup. Israel of Perusha, writing in the 16th century, noted that grapes were among the only fruits available in the city, and also mentioned the selling of grape syrup.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine%20of%20Jerusalem
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Cuisine of Jerusalem
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In 2017, the first kosher knafeh shop, Ir David, opened in the Mahane Yehuda Market, quickly gaining popularity and inspiring the establishment of additional kosher knafeh shops. Rugelach is also popular, notably at Marzipan, a bakery known for its gooey chocolate version of the pastry, which attracts large crowds.
Café Kadosh, situated in downtown Jerusalem, is renowned as one of Israel's most popular and long-standing bakeries. Established in 1967, this family-run establishment has earned acclaim for its classic European-style baked goods and dairy cuisine. The café is also notable for its sufganiyot during the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah, which attract large crowds each year.
In 2023, The Jerusalem Post reported that a number of ice cream parlors had opened in the preceding decade.
International cuisine
Alongside traditional Jerusalemite cuisine, an increasing number of restaurants in Jerusalem offer international fare. Notable examples include the Austrian Hospice in the Old City, renowned for serving Austrian specialties like veal schnitzel and apple strudel. In the Jewish Quarter, a Korean restaurant offers Korean dishes such as bibimbap, gimbap, tteokbokki, japchae and kimchi. In the Mahane Yehuda Market, new restaurants have emerged offering a variety of kosher-certified international cuisines, including Georgian, Lebanese, American and South American.
Events and festivals
In 1992, the Tower of David museum held an innovative food exhibition named Ta-Arucha, curated by renowned food writer Sherry Ansky. Around 2021, the Tower of David initiated "Eating in Jerusalem", an interdisciplinary historical culinary project which includes a weekly newsletter, stories and recipes shared via WhatsApp, a blog featuring scholarly articles on local ingredients, and in-person food tours in the Old City and Mahane Yehuda Market.
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77310456
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-interleaved%20ADC
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Time-interleaved ADC
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Sources of errors
Ideally, all the sub-ADCs are identical. In practice, however, they end up being slightly different due to process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations. If not taken care of, sub-ADC mismatches can jeopardize the performance of TI ADCs since they show up in the output spectrum as spectral tones.
Offset mismatches (i.e., different input-referred offsets for each sub-ADC) are superimposed to the converted signal as a sequence of period , affecting the output spectrum of the ADC with spurious tones, whose power depends on the magnitude of the offsets, located at frequencies , where M represents the number of channels and k is an arbitrary integer number from to .
Gain errors affect the amplitude of the converted signal and are transferred to the output as an amplitude modulation (AM) of the input signal with a sequence of period . As a matter of fact, this mechanism introduces spurious harmonics at frequencies , whose power depends both on the amplitude of the input signal and on the magnitude of the gain error sequence.
Finally, skew mismatches are due to the channels being timed by different phases of the same clock signal. If one timing signal is skewed with respect to the others, spurious harmonics will be generated in the output spectrum. It can be demonstrated that these spurs are located at the frequencies . Moreover, their power depends both on the magnitude of the skew between the control phases and on the value of the input signal frequency.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-interleaved%20ADC
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Time-interleaved ADC
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To further improve the power efficiency and cost of a receiver, the paradigm of Direct RF Sampling is emerging. According to this technique, the analog signal at radio frequency is simply fed to the ADC, avoiding the downconversion to an intermediate frequency altogether.
Direct RF Sampling has significant advantages in terms of system design and performance. By removing the downconversion stage, the design complexity is reduced, leading to lower power consumption and cost. Additionally, the absence of the mixer and local oscillator means there are fewer components that can introduce noise and distortion, potentially improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and linearity of the receiver.
However, directly sampling the radio-frequency signal imposes stringent requirements on the performance of the ADC. The signal bandwidth of the ADC in the receiver must be a few GHz to handle the high-frequency signals directly. Achieving such high values with a single ADC is challenging due to limitations in speed, power consumption and resolution.
To meet these demanding requirements, Time interleaved ADC systems are typically adopted. In fact, TI ADCs utilize multiple slower sub-ADCs operating in parallel, each sampling the input signal at different time intervals. By interleaving the sampling process, the effective sampling rate of the overall system is increased, allowing it to handle the high bandwidths required for direct RF sampling.
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77310528
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceria%20based%20thermochemical%20cycles
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Ceria based thermochemical cycles
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Types of reactors
Depending on the type and topology of the reactors, the cycles will function either in continuous production or in batch production. There are two main types of reactors for these specific cycles:
Monolithic reactors
These type of reactors consist on a piece of solid material, which is shaped as a reticulated porous foam (RPC) in other to increase both the surface area and the solar radiation penetration. This reactors are shaped as a cavity receivers, in order to reduce the thermal losses due to reradiation. They usually count with a quartz (fused silica) window in order to let the solar radiation inside the cavity.
Since the metal oxide is a solid structure, both reactions must be done in the same reactor, which leads to a discontinuous production process, carrying out one step after the other. To avoid this stops in the production time, multiple reactors can be arranged to approximate a continuous production process. This is usually referred as a batch process. The intention is to always have one or multiple reactors operating in the oxidation step at the same time, hence always generating hydrogen.
Some new reactor concepts are being studied, in which the RPCs can be moved from one reactor to another, in order to have one single reduction reactor.
Solid particles reactors
These type of reactors try to solve the discontinuity problem of the cycle by using solid particles of the metal oxide instead of having solid structures. This particles can be moved from the reduction reactor to the oxidation reactor, which allows a continuous production of fuel. Many types of reactors work with solid particles, from free falling receivers, to packed beds, fluidized beds or rotary kilns.
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77311052
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background%20to%20the%20Israel%E2%80%93Hamas%20war
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Background to the Israel–Hamas war
|
In February–March 2021, Fatah and Hamas reached agreement to jointly conduct elections for a new Palestinian legislative assembly, in accordance with the Oslo Accords, and for Hamas to enter the PLO. Hamas committed to upholding international law, transferring control of Gaza to the Palestinian Authority and to allowing it to negotiate with Israel to establish a Palestinian state along the 1967 ceasefire lines, with East Jerusalem as its capital. According to Menachem Klein, Israeli Arabist and political scientist at Bar-Ilan University, Mahmoud Abbas subsequently cancelled the elections under pressure from Israel and the United States. Soon after the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis exploded, the Al-Qassam Brigades started planning the 7 October 2023 operation.
Hamas motives
Hamas officials stated while announcing the attack that it was a response to the Israeli occupation, blockade of the Gaza Strip, Israeli settler violence against Palestinians, restrictions on the movement of Palestinians, and imprisonment of thousands of Palestinians, whom Hamas sought to release by taking Israeli hostages.
Mohammad Deif, the head of Hamas' Al-Qassam Brigades (their militant wing), said on 7 October that the Hamas attack was in response to what he called the "desecration" of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and Israel killing and wounding hundreds of Palestinians in 2023.
| 1.953125
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77311534
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentum%20mapping%20format
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Momentum mapping format
|
Momentum mapping format is a key technique in the Material Point Method (MPM) for transferring physical quantities such as momentum, mass, and stress between a material point and a background grid.
The Material Point Method (MPM) is a numerical technique using a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian description. It discretises the computational domain with material points and employs a background grid to solve the momentum equations. Proposed by Sulsky et al. in 1994.
MPM has since been expanded to various fields such as computational solid dynamics. Currently, MPM features several momentum mapping schemes, with the four main ones being PIC (Particle-in-cell), FLIP (Fluid-Implicit Particle), hybrid format, and APIC (Affine Particle-in-Cell). Understanding these schemes in-depth is crucial for the further development of MPM.
Background
MPM represents materials as collections of material points (or particles). Unlike other particle methods such as SPH(Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics) and DEM (Discrete element method), MPM also uses a background grid to solve the momentum equations arising from particle interactions. MPM can be categorized as a mixed particle/grid method or a mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian method. By combining the strengths of both frameworks, MPM aims to be the most effective numerical solver for large deformation problems. It has been further developed and applied to various challenging problems such as high-speed impact (Huang et al., 2011), landslides (Fern et al., 2019), saturated porous media (He et al., 2024), and fluid-structure interaction (Li et al., 2022).
| 2.296875
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77312202
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocambrisoma
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Neocambrisoma
|
Neocambrisoma is a genus of millipedes in the family Metopidiotrichidae. Millipedes in this genus are found in Tasmania and New South Wales in Australia. Like other genera in this family, this genus features 32 segments (counting the collum as the first segment and the telson as the last) in adults of both sexes, rather than the 30 segments usually observed in adults in the order Chordeumatida. Accordingly, female adults in this genus have 54 pairs of legs, which is not only the maximum number observed in this order but also the maximum number fixed by species in the class Diplopoda.
Discovery
The genus Neocambrisoma was first described in 1987 by the French myriapodologist Jean-Paul Mauriès of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris to contain the newly discovered type species N. raveni. He based the original description of this genus and this species on a male holotype and 16 paratypes (6 males and 10 females) found in Bruxner Forest Park, near Coffs Harbour in New South Wales in Australia. The holotype and 13 paratypes are deposited in the Queensland Museum, and the other paratypes are deposited in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. The genus name derives from Neocambria, Latin for "New Wales," and the latinized Greek suffix soma, meaning "body." The species is named for the Australian arachnologist Robert J. Raven, Curator of Arachnology at the Queensland Museum, who collected the type specimens.
| 2.59375
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77312247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drahichyn%20Ghetto
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Drahichyn Ghetto
|
Liquidation of the ghetto
From late summer 1942, the Nazis, as part of Hitler's plan for the extermination of Jews, began the widespread liquidation of the last ghettos. By this time, the number of prisoners in the Drogichin ghetto had significantly decreased, as Jews whose professions were not urgently needed by the Germans, along with their wives and children, had been taken and killed at the extermination camp at Bronnaya Gora.
Before the complete destruction of the ghetto, the remaining Drogichin Jews were mostly shot at night near the prison, in the cemetery area in the city center. During these “actions” (a euphemism used by the Nazis for organized mass killings), the doomed people were tied together with barbed wire, shot, and their bodies thrown into pits. Witnesses reported that the Germans and collaborators did not finish off the wounded, but buried them alive with the dead.
In 1942, Jews from an agricultural settlement (officially called “Colony”) located between the villages of Gutovo and Ogdemer were also driven into the Drogichin ghetto and killed along with the Drogichin Jews.
The ghetto was finally liquidated on October 15, 1942. Belarusian police under the command of SS officers, with dogs, drove the last prisoners of the ghetto, including elderly people and children, to the killing site. For the destruction of the last Drogichin Jews, a mass grave was prepared in the southern part of the town, at the “Dubovaya Struga” area, 100 meters from the railway, near a warehouse and the railway station. The doomed were forced to undress in the warehouse, led to the edge of the pit, and shot with a machine gun. Those who tried to escape were killed by the Germans and policemen guarding the area. A total of at least 3,816 Jews were killed in this pit.
After the ghetto's liquidation
After the shootings, the Nazis forced local men and even teenagers to bury the bodies. Witnesses reported that attempts to refuse were met with threat "If you don't want to bury the Jews, we'll bury you".
| 2.203125
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77312247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drahichyn%20Ghetto
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Drahichyn Ghetto
|
After the liberation of Drogichin from German occupation, the Extraordinary State Commission found several mass graves. The largest number of bodies was found in the cemetery area near the district consumer union – 3,816 bodies (895 men, 1,083 women, and 1,838 children), many with skull fractures, dislocated limbs, broken extremities and ribs, and mutilated faces. In the center of Drogichin, 150 bodies were found in 11 graves, and 250 bodies in 13 graves 300 meters from the Jewish cemetery in the Zalesye area.
Of the total number of 4,991 people killed during the three years of occupation in Drogichin and nearby areas, 3,338 were Jews – including residents of Drogichin itself, refugees, and Jews relocated to Drogichin from other ghettos.
Before retreating, the Germans tried to hide the traces of their crimes by forcing local peasants to exhume and burn the bodies. According to witnesses, such fires burned near the villages of Khomsk (where around 2,000 Jews were killed in August 1941 on the northern outskirts) and Gutovo. The Germans did not allow the locals to approach the burning bodies and threatened to shoot anyone who came closer. However, even after the fires, traces of the Nazis' atrocities were visible.
Memory
In the 1970s, the mass grave of the Jews murdered in Drogichin was surrounded by a low concrete fence, and the inscription on the obelisk erected on it was changed. As of August 2011, there was no memorial sign on the mass grave of Jews near the railway.
| 2.296875
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77312251
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkum%20Castle
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Kalkum Castle
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The northern part of the west wing was occupied by storage areas, warehouses and ancillary rooms on the first floor before it was converted into archive space. The upper floor housed the manorial living quarters, bedrooms and guest rooms. Externally, this part of the castle resembles the west wing of the manor house. The western part of the north wing is called the pensioner and domestics wing or simply the pensioner wing. Its first floor is the former Halfmannshaus, while the upper floor, which was added later, formerly housed the rooms of the Rentei and the rentmaster's apartment. Like the northern part of the west wing, the building has a tile covered hipped roof. At the eastern end of the Reintei wing is a slender square tower with two storeys, topped by a hipped roof. It has an almost identical counterpart at the eastern end of the manor house. The outer façades of the two wings are divided into eight axes by windows, with four of the eight first floor windows each having a segmental arch roof. This axial emphasis is repeated in the attic with small dormer windows. The windows of the manor house are - like almost all the windows in the west section - fitted with gray shutters. The segmental arches can be found above the first floor windows of the two three-storey corner towers, while the openings above them on the second floor are crowned by triangular gables. Both towers have curved hoods, which are topped by a gallery-enclosed lantern. Kalkum's tower hoods are thus somewhat similar to those of Schloss Clemensruhe in Bonn-Poppelsdorf. The manor house has two entrances on the courtyard side, both of which have their own small open staircase. These were connected by a shared platform in 1824. Next to the entrance in the west wing, a bronze plaque commemorates the "red countess" Sophie von Hatzfeldt.
| 2.34375
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77312253
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctoparmelia%20incurva
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Arctoparmelia incurva
|
Arctoparmelia incurva is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described in 1794 by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, it has undergone several taxonomic reclassifications before being placed in its current genus in 1986. This yellowish-green lichen, characterised by its narrow, convex lobes and globular soralia, typically grows on sun-exposed siliceous rocks in alpine and arctic habitats. It has a circumpolar distribution, found across North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. A. incurva can be distinguished from similar species by its specific morphological features and chemical spot test reactions. The lichen is known to host several parasitic fungi and has shown tolerance to acid pollution.
Taxonomy
It was first scientifically described as a new species in 1794 by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. He classified it in the genus Lichen, as was the custom thanks to the influence of Carl Linnaeus. Following proposed transfers to various genera, including Lobaria, and the now-obsolete Imbricaria and Placodium, the taxon got transferred to Parmelia by Elias Magnus Fries in 1826. It remained in that genus for more than a century, when Mason Hale reclassified it in the large genus Xanthoparmelia in 1974. A dozen years later, he transferred it to Arctoparmelia.
Common names used to refer to this lichen include "powdered rockfrog", "fist lichen", and "sorediate ring lichen".
Description
Arctoparmelia incurva is a lichen with a yellowish-green thallus measuring between in diameter, often merging with others to form much larger thalli, sometimes up to wide. The thallus is very closely attached to the , with the inner parts frequently showing signs of degeneration. The comprising the thallus are narrow, up to 3 or occasionally 4 mm wide, radiating outwards in an intricate pattern without overlapping and are convex.
| 2.109375
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77312253
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctoparmelia%20incurva
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Arctoparmelia incurva
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Arctoparmelia incurva bears a superficial resemblance to Xanthoparmelia mougeotii. Nonetheless, several key features set X. mougeotii apart: its lobes exhibit less curvature, and it possesses round, flattened soralia on its surface. Furthermore, the medulla of X. mougeotii displays a distinctive colour change from yellow to red when exposed to potassium hydroxide solution (K), yet shows no reaction to ultraviolet light (UV). Additionally, X. mougeotii is characterised by a glossy, even outer layer.
Habitat and distribution
Arctoparmelia incurva grows on sun-exposed siliceous rocks, and very rarely on wood. It is tolerant of acid pollution. It is widely distributed in Europe, where it has been recorded from 19 countries. In North America its range is mainly arctic, with records documented as far south as southern British Columbia and the Cascade Range. Researchers have also reported it in the Appalachians and the Great Lakes region. Arctoparmelia incurva has also been recorded in Greenland, Japan, Russia, and Ukraine.
Species interactions
Lichenoconium erodens is a lichenicolous fungus species that is known to parasitise Arctoparmelia incurva. It is also a known host of Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae, Trimmatostroma arctoparmeliae, and Intralichen lichenicola.
| 2.375
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77312275
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammadid%E2%80%93Zirid%20War
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Hammadid–Zirid War
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Hammadid–Zirid treaty
Nearly a year had elapsed since Hammad's conflict with Kurama, al-Muizz's uncle, in Achir. Taking advantage of every fleeting opportunity, Hammad managed to defeat Kurama, partly due to the plundering of Kurama's treasury by his own men. Despite Kurama's advantage of seven thousand men compared to Hammad's fifteen hundred, and the fact that all the people of Achir were against him, Hammad was victorious. During this period, al-Muizz mobilized to confront Hammad on July 31, 1017. At that time, Hammad was besieging Bagai after capturing M'sila and Achir. Al-Muizz's advance forced Hammad to withdraw from Bagai. They engaged in battle at the end of Rabi' al-Awwal, which corresponds to the 26th of August 1017. Within a few hours, Hammad and his forces were decisively defeated. Al-Muizz's troops overwhelmed them, capturing their equipment, wealth, and other possessions. Ibrahim, Hammad's brother, was taken prisoner, while Hammad, though injured, managed to escape, and his followers scattered.
Back at his fortress, Hammad sent an envoy to al-Muizz seeking forgiveness and proposing reconciliation. Al-Muizz responded, "If you are sincere, send your son al-Qa'id to us." Hammad replied that he would send al-Qa'id or come himself if he received a letter from his brother Ibrahim confirming al-Muizz's assurances. Ibrahim arrived, secured the promises from al-Muizz, and informed Hammad, expressing gratitude for al-Muizz's kindness. Historian Abdelhalim Oweis notes that several factors likely influenced al-Muizz's acceptance of Hammad's offer. The young age of the Emir, who had not yet turned nine, and concerns among the Emir and his advisors about facing a potentially greater threat than Hammad likely played roles.
| 2.25
| 0
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77312348
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence%20McLandburgh
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Florence McLandburgh
|
Florence McLandburgh (April 22, 1850 – June 3, 1934) was an American writer of fiction and poetry, sometimes using the pseudonym McLandburgh Wilson.
Early life and education
McLandburgh was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, and lived in Chicago after 1863, the daughter of Henry McLandburgh and Susan Reynolds McLandburgh. Her older brother John was also a writer. She graduated from Dearborn Female Seminary in 1868.
Career
McLandburgh's 1873 short story "The Automaton-Ear" is considered an early example of science fiction by an American woman, as it concerns an ear trumpet that can replay every sound ever made. Her 1876 collection of stories includes other tales with science fiction themes. One reviewer said the collection exhibited McLandburgh's "imaginative power", but that several of the stories were "too fanciful."
Poor health prevented McLandburgh from further fiction writing. Later in life she wrote poetry, often with humorous, patriotic or military themes, published in newspapers and magazines under the pseudonym "McLandburgh Wilson." She is credited with writing the lines "The optimist sees the doughnut, but the pessimist sees the hole."
Publications
"Possessed" (1871, later revised and retitled "The Feverfew")
"Boydell: A Sketch" (1871)
"The Christmas Tale of Paint Valley" (1873)
"The Automaton-Ear" (1873)
The Automaton Ear, and other sketches (1876)
"Memorial Day" (1905, poem)
"Back to the Land (1906, poem)
"A Tale of Dead Love" (1906, poem)
"Motherhood's Chant" (1914, poem)
"Let the Women Be Heard"
"The March of Woman Suffrage"
The Little Flag on Main Street (1917, collected poems)
"Rheims Cathedral" (1918, poem)
"Hot Weather Poem" (1918, poem)
Personal life
McLandburgh died in 1934, at the age of 83, in Akron, Ohio. Her gravestone in Graceland Cemetery in Chicago is shaped like a book resting on a pillow.
| 2.28125
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77312425
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger%20America%20%28film%29
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Hamburger America (film)
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Hamburger America is a 2004 American documentary film directed by George Motz. The film highlights eight family-owned hamburger restaurants across various regions of the United States.
Background and production
Working as a commercial cameraman in 2001, George Motz had the idea to create Hamburger America while sitting with his wife Casey Benjamin, who co-produced the film; as Motz explained, "We were watching TV and saw a show about hot dogs, and I thought, 'Gee, I've never seen a really good documentary about hamburgers.'"
Over the course of the next three years, Motz traveled across the United States to various hamburger restaurants, selecting them under the criteria that they must be family-owned, use fresh beef, be more than 40 years old, and offer a distinctive burger that has stayed the same over those years. Motz researched 26 restaurants throughout the country, eight of which made it into the film. None of the restaurants featured in the film are from major coastal cities; as Motz explained, "Anybody can go to New York or L.A. and get a burger ... But I want people to go to Milwaukee and get a burger. I want people to think about Oklahoma and think about burgers."
Motz calls Hamburger America a "pro-burger film," in contrast to works criticizing fast food such as the documentary Super Size Me, which was released the same year, or the book Fast Food Nation, which Motz cited as an inspiration for the film.
Release
The film premiered on April 19, 2004, at the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, followed by a release party at Billy Goat Tavern, one of the restaurants featured in the film. It was also shown on December 3, 2004, at the Santa Fe Film Festival. It was released on DVD alongside two screenings at Two Boots Pioneer Theater in New York City on February 1, 2005.
Restaurants
Hamburger America documents the following hamburger restaurants, listed in order of appearance in the film:
Legacy
| 2.015625
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77312545
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina%20Gomer%20Du%20Bois
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Nina Gomer Du Bois
|
Nina Gomer Du Bois (July 4, 1870 – July 26, 1950) was an American civil rights activist, Baháʼí Faith practitioner, and homemaker. She served on the executive committee of the Women's International Circle of Peace and Foreign Relations in 1927, which was largely responsible for organizing the fourth Pan-African Congress in New York. Du Bois was the first wife of civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois and the mother of the educator Yolande Du Bois.
Early life and education
Du Bois was born on July 4, 1870, to Charles S. Gomer and Mary J. Schneider Gomer in Quincy, Illinois. When she was six years old, her family moved to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where her father was employed as a cook at Brown's Hotel. Following her father's promotion to head cook of the hotel, he purchased a small house for the family in 1878.
She attended Wilberforce College.
Later life
She married the activist W.E.B. Du Bois, who had been a teacher at Wilberforce College, on May 12, 1896, at her father's home in Cedar Rapids. They had two children: a son, Burghardt, who died in infancy, and a daughter, Yolande. She lived in Baltimore with her daughter until her daughter's divorce, at which time the two moved to the family's Dunbar apartment in New York City.
She was involved in her husband's civil rights work and described as a civil rights activist, but mostly stayed home to raise their daughter. She served on the executive committee of the Women's International Circle of Peace and Foreign Relations in 1927, alongside Minta Bosley Allen Trotman and Addie Waites Hunton. The committee was largely responsible for organizing the fourth Pan-African Congress in New York.
In 1936, Du Bois converted from Christianity to the Baháʼí Faith. She was active in the Baháʼí community.
By 1946, she and her family were living in Morgan Park, Maryland.
Du Bois died on July 26, 1950. She was buried in Mahaiwe Cemetery in Great Barrington, Massachusetts.
| 2.40625
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77312917
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwe%20Bijbelvertaling
|
Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling
|
In the first editions of the NBV, cross-references were omitted from the text. Instead there was a list of references at the end of the book, in addition to a glossary. In some later editions of the NBV, cross-references are placed at the bottom of pages.
Names
The names of individuals are written as agreed upon by the Bible societies in 1988. In the process they concluded that these agreements should be re-evaluated.
Name of God
The name of God in the Old Testament, the tetragrammaton, is written in the NBV as (). The NBV thus accords with ancient Jewish and Christian literary traditions. The reading guide near the beginning of the NBV states that one may also read another name in place of , such as: , , , , , , and . The translators stated that their justification for this decision was that "Lord", alongside "Eternal", was the widely chosen rendering in Bible translations, so “Lord” also functions as a proper name for many people. Two objections were raised here: "Lord" reinforces an exclusively male representation of God and "Lord" is not a proper name. However, the alternatives also have drawbacks: ''YHWH" is unpronounceable without vowels and 'Eternal' and other epithets are not proper names either.
In the Tanakhic edition of 2007, which was developed in collaboration with the Jewish foundation Sja'ar, the name of God is replaced with "de " (the ). In the Study Bible of 2008, the name of God is shown as "", the Dutch transliteration of the tetragrammaton.
| 2.28125
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77312943
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahja%20Ishitile
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Lahja Ishitile
|
Lahja Ishitile (born July 21, 1997) is a Namibian Paralympic T11 track and field athlete.
Early life
Ishitile was born in Outapi, a town in northern Namibia. She grew up in the village of Okapanda, located in the Omusati Region. Ishitile began losing her eyesight at age 7 due to a medical condition, and was completely blind by age 11. At age 10 she began attending Eluwa Special School in Ongwediva, where she began participating in sports and running. She has cited her parents as supportive forces throughout her athletic career.
Career
In 2011, at Namibia's National Paralympic Championships in Windhoek, Ishitile won three gold medals in the 100m, 200m and 400m events. She was 14 at the time. The following year, she was on the Namibian team for the Zone 6 Youth Games in Lusaka, Zambia, where she again won threefold medals.
Ishitile first competed internationally in 2013, first at the South African Disabled Championships and then at the IPC Athletics World Championships in Lyon, France. She competed in the finals of both the 100m and 400m events. In 2014, she won a bronze medal at the Commonwealth Games in the women's T11/T12 100m event.
In 2015, Ishitile won a bronze medal at the African Games in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo in the 100m event. At the IPC Athletics 2015 World Championships in Doha, Qatar, Ishitile competed in the Women's 400m, 200m, and 100m races, all in the T11 category.
At the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Ishitile ran in the Women's 400m, 200m, and 100m races.
In 2017, Ishitile competed in the Women's 400m and 200m races at the World Para Athletics Championships in London.
In 2019, Ishitile again competed at the World Para Athletics Championships, this time held in Dubai. In addition to the 400m, 200m, and 100m races, she also competed in long jump and the Universal Relay.
Ishitile competed at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics in long jump, 400m, and 200m.
| 2.234375
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77312943
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahja%20Ishitile
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Lahja Ishitile
|
At the 2023 World Para Athletics Championships in Paris, Ishitile won silver in the women's T11 400m final. Her time of 57.18 seconds broke the previous record for an African woman running the event. Similarly, she set a new record for fastest African women to run the T11 100m, with a time of 12.38 seconds. That year she also won a Regional Annual Sports Award from the Namibia Paralympic Committee.
As of 2023, Ishitile runs with guide Sem Shimanda.
At the 2024 Summer Paralympics, Ishitile won gold in the women's T11 400m, setting a Paralympic record of 56.20 after running the fastest time in qualifiers and in the semi-final. She also won bronze in the women's T11 200m. She also served as one of Namibia's flag bearers at the Opening Ceremony.
Education
Ishitile is currently (2024) pursuing a Bachelor of Library and Information Science at the University of Namibia.
Recognition and Awards
Ishitile was named Sportswoman of the Year with a Disability at the Namibian Sports Awards multiple times, including in 2017, 2019, 2022, and 2023.
She also received the Disabled Junior Sportswoman Award at the Namibia Sports Commission Sports Awards in 2015.
Ishitile was also honoured with a Sporting Achievement Award from Disability Sports Namibia.
In 2024, she is among the finalists in the Senior sportswoman of the year with a disability category, contenting with Johanna Benson.
| 2.21875
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77312954
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burg%20Klingenstein
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Burg Klingenstein
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The mighty keep, built of irregularly arranged marble quarry stones, has an irregular triangular ground plan and faces west with a sharp edge. From there, the path leads to the castle, and the building therefore did not offer a possible attacker a flat attack surface. The outer sides of the keep have a length of 9.84 meters in the southwest, 11.85 meters in the east and 12.68 meters in the northwest. The walls of irregular quarry stone masonry are unevenly thick, with the western sections being thicker. For example, the south-west wall is between 2.2 and 2.3 meters thick and the north-west wall between 1.7 and 2.1 meters thick, while the east wall is only around 1.5 meters wide in the reinforced lower section and tapers towards the top. The east wall was also reinforced on the inside with a 1.8-metre-high wall screen (architecture). Above this blind wall, the east wall is only around 87 centimetres thick. The northwest wall is also around 10 to 20 centimetres thicker up to a height of around half a meter above the recent ground level than in the narrower area above. In the western corner of the keep, where the north-west and north-east walls meet, the masonry reaches a thickness of around 4.2 meters.
The original height of the keep before it was rebuilt in the 1980s is not known. The three original window openings in the north wall and a preserved recess in the masonry, which could indicate a possible fourth window, suggest that there were at least three, but probably also four upper storeys. The original entrance to the keep was probably on the second floor of the building attached to it to the east. This high entrance was only added in the upper part during reconstruction. The existing entrance at ground level does not date from the construction period, but already existed before the rebuilding work in the 20th century.
| 2.453125
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77313610
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flor%20Cuenca
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Flor Cuenca
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Flor "Hirkawarmi" Cuenca is a Peruvian mountaineer. She is the first Peruvian woman to have reached the summit of 11 eight-thousanders without supplemental oxygen. She is the first Peruvian to have climbed Gasherbrum I (8068 m), K2 (8611 m) and Kanchenjunga (8586 m).
Background
Flor Cuenca was born in Chuspín, Casca District. She is the third of 14 children, born into a farming family, where she had to climb 1,000m to tend her family's sheep. Growing up in the Ancash region of the Andes, she made her first summit of 4,500m at "7 or 8" years old.
She moved to Lima to train as a tourist guide at the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Eleazar Guzmán Barrón in Huaraz, as she felt it would be the right career to help her stay close to the mountains. In 2006, she moved to Europe on a student visa to learn German. She decided to stay in Germany as she could earn enough income to self-fund her expeditions, which was not possible in Peru. Since 2008, she has been living in Karlsruhe, Germany, and is a member of the German Alpine Club.
She is also known as "Hirkawarmi", which is Ancash Quechua for "mountain woman".
Mountaineering
Flor is known for her lean expeditions, self-funded, without sherpas, sponsorship and without supplemental oxygen.
She is critical of large expeditions that leave garbage, waste, old tents and used O2 canisters across the Himalayas and Karakoram, and has sought to bring attention to the issue.
Summits of eight-thousanders
She started the project "Hijas de la Montaña" in an effort to lead the first Peruvian female expedition in the Himalayas. The project, aims to send five women from the Peruvian Andes, including Flor, to climb Manaslu and advocate for environmental sustainability and gender equality. The project plans to bring more than 100 kg of trash down from base camp during the expedition.
In 2023, she was named to the Forbes 50 Most Powerful Women in Peru List.
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77313844
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oconi
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Oconi
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Food
As was typical of the eastern Timucua, the Oconi were more oriented to exploiting the resources of wetlands rather than practicing agriculture. Some of the Oconi were full-time hunter-fisher-gatherers. The Oconi did not raise sufficient maize to last them throughout the year, and depended on wild roots for starch when their maize was used up. One such root was ache, an otherwise unidentified starchy root that grew in water. Described as similar to cassava, ache required a lot of work to harvest and process. Harvesting required using levers to pry the roots out of mudholes, while processing required grinding the roots into flour and repeatedly rinsing the flour with water. Ache has been identified as Zamia integrifolia (the koonti of the Seminoles) by some authors, but Hann notes that Zamia grows in dry, sandy soil, not in water.
Missionization
Oconi was first mentioned in Spanish records in 1602, when Oconi's chief requested that a missionary be assigned to his chiefdom. Crosses were erected by the inhabitants of Oconi and neighboring towns. The people of Oconi and neighboring chiefdoms on the mainland made frequent visits to the mission at San Pedro de Mocama, where they had relatives and friends. The mission of Santiago de Oconi was founded before 1630, possibly between 1613 and 1616.
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77313844
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oconi
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Oconi
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Later history
In 1645, the governor of Spanish Florida, Benito Ruiz de Salazar Vallecilla, ordered the relocation of the people living at the "Laguna de Oconi" to the mission of San Diego de Helaca (also "Elaca" or "Laca") on the St. Johns River. Salazar stated that fugitives from Timucua Province (Northern Utina) and "other places" had gathered at Oconi to avoid work. The San Diego de Helaca mission supported a ferry service across the St. Johns River, an important link on the trail connecting St. Augustine with Apalachee Province and other western missions. The mission had lost population, and the relocation of people from Oconi was intended to bolster the population of the mission so that the ferry service could be maintained. Spanish records do not record the outcome of Salazar's order, but excavation of the Rollestown site in East Palatka, Florida, the presumed site of the San Diego mission, revealed a stratum containing ceramics comparable to those of southeastern Georgia overlying a stratum containing St. Johns culture ceramics. This suggests that the original inhabitants of the area were replaced by people from southeastern Georgia, consistent with the move ordered by Salazar. Another indicator of a change is that "Salamototo" replaced "Helaca" as the name of the place sometime between 1655 and 1675.
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77314415
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mared%20Pugh%20Evans
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Mared Pugh Evans
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Mared Emyr Pugh Evans is a Welsh harpist. She is the seventh Official Harpist to the Prince of Wales.
Education
Pugh Evans began taking harp lessons at age six.
Pugh Evans began attending the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama in 2016, graduating in 2020. While at the college, she won the 2019 RWCMD Mansel Thomas Prize, the 2019 RWCMD McGrenery Prize for Chamber Music, and the 2020 Sir Ian Stoutzker Prize for most outstanding instrumentalist. She completed her final exams remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. She then attended the Royal Academy of Music, graduating in 2022 with a master's degree in performance.
Career
In 2018, Pugh Evans was one of three winners of the Youth Competition at the Wales International Harp Festival. In 2019, Pugh Evans won a £1,500 scholarship from the Nansi Richards Scholarship competition. That same year, she was the runner-up at the North London Festival Camac Harp Competition. At the 2022 USA International Harp Competition, she took sixth place.
Pugh Evans co-founded the charity Music in Hospices while pursuing her degree at the Royal Academy of Music. The charity provides live music in hospice facilities. From September 2022 to July 2023, Pugh Evans was an Open Academy Fellow.
Pugh Evans was named as the King's Harpist in July 2024. Her first official performance in the role was on 11 July, on the occasion of the King and Queen's visit to the Senedd.
As of 2024, she lives in London, where she works with organizations such as the City of London Sinfonia, Live Music Now, and Wigmore Hall’s Music for Life. She has previously performed with London Concert Orchestra and the Royal Philharmonic Concert Orchestra.
Personal life
Pugh Evans speaks Welsh fluently.
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77314463
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%20In-gyu
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Cho In-gyu
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Cho In-gyu (; 1237 – May 15, 1308) was a Goryeo civil official. Originally an interpreter for the Goryeo crown prince, his success in helping arrange a marriage between the prince and Kublai Khan's daughter propelled Cho's rise in Goryeo officialdom. He would eventually become the chancellor of Goryeo by 1292 and marry his daughter to the crown prince, the future King Chungnyeol.
Biography
Cho In-gyu was born in 1237 in Sangwŏn (; modern-day Chunghwa County, North Korea) as the son of Cho Yŏng () of the Pyongyang Cho clan. Cho's family was thought to be that of originally of commoner status. Cho In-gyu learned the Mongol language, due to Sangwŏn's close proximity to the Mongol-Goryeo border during Mongol invasions of Korea. Cho's courtesy name was Kŏjin, and his posthumous name was Chŏngsuk.
In 1269, due to Cho's proficiency in the Mongol language, Cho was selected to be the interpreter for Crown Prince Sim (the future King Chungnyeol) during his visit to the Yuan capital of Khanbaliq. As an interpreter, Cho was able to cultivate a relationship with not just the crown prince, but the prince's Mongol in-laws, his wife Princess Jeguk and his father-in-law, Emperor Kublai Khan. Due to his close ties to the royal families of Goryeo and the Yuan, Cho was able to quickly rise through the ranks of Goryeo officialdom. He first was given the rank of senior colonel (), for his services in helping arrange the marriage between the heir of Goryeo and Kublai's daughter. He would obtain the offices of lieutenant general, royal secretary, deputy commissioner of the royal secretariat, and 1292, reach the top post of chancellor.
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77314895
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirchhof%20%28Dresden%29
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Frauenkirchhof (Dresden)
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In the late Middle Ages, the Frauenkirche increasingly lost its importance as a city church to the Kreuzkirche, but enjoyed the highest reputation as a burial place; no cemetery could be built around the Kreuzkirche for reasons of space and burials inside the Kreuzkirche were also forbidden, as the church was to be kept "pure" as a place of assembly. Otherwise, in the late Middle Ages, only monasteries and hospitals were allowed to bury their dead in their own churchyard - apart from the Frauenkirchhof, only the Cemetery of the Bartholomäushospital existed at this time. Other permanent cemeteries, such as the Annen- and the Johanniskirchhof, were only established in the second half of the 16th century. While funeral services in Dresden were held in the Kreuzkirche, the funeral procession always followed through the city to the Frauenkirche, where the short burial ceremony took place. After the Reformation in 1539, the Frauenkirche and its churchyard were used exclusively for funerals for 20 years.
The Frauenkirchhof was enclosed by buildings on all sides from the middle of the 16th century. It was first reduced in size by the development of the area between Augustusstraße, Töpfergasse, An der Frauenkirche and Neumarkt. The church was no longer surrounded by the churchyard, but was located directly next to a row of houses to the west. The churchyard was also reduced in size towards Neumarkt. The churchyard was given a wall in 1561. The churchyard could now be entered via four entrances: From Pirnaische Gasse at Neumarkt, from where the bodies were also brought to the churchyard, from Jüdenhof, from Töpfergasse and from Rampische Gasse. Two side gates connected the Maternihospital and the Kirchnerwohnung with the cemetery.
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77314895
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirchhof%20%28Dresden%29
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Frauenkirchhof (Dresden)
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The Frauenkirchhof could no longer be extended due to the wall enclosure and the extensive development. The graves were therefore reburied at relatively short intervals. However, the excavated bones were not destroyed but kept in a deep vault in the so-called ossuary in the churchyard. The predecessor building of the ossuary was possibly a small chapel in the churchyard, which was consecrated in 1373, 1375 and 1388 and was dedicated to the Trinity and Saint Anne. It was probably demolished and replaced by the ossuary completed in 1514. On April 24, 1514, the ossuary was consecrated by Bishop Johannes von Meißen. The stonemasons and masons donated an altar of St. Anne, the four crowned martyrs and the Holy Chair of Peter to the ossuary in the Frauenkirchhof in 1514. In 1558, the ossuary was demolished above ground, but the underground vaults were preserved. In 1714, they were still "completely filled with bones and preserved with an iron door". Above ground, a memorial stone was placed between two Linden trees around 1714. A wooden statue of St. Anne has probably survived from the altar of the ossuary. She is depicted as Anna selbdritt, an elderly woman holding Mary and Jesus in her arms. The origin of the statue, which is made of lime wood and is 131 centimetres high, is estimated to date back to 1510. The back of the sculpture is hollowed out; the statue used to be painted. It can be found in the Skulpturensammlung of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden.
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77314964
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi%20Rajadurai
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Lakshmi Rajadurai
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Lakshmi Kila Rajadurai (born 6 January 2009) is a Papua New Guinean cricketer. In March 2024, she was named in Papua New Guinea's squad for the Zimbabwean tour, which included Papua New Guinea's first ever Women's ODI matches. She made her ODI debut on 24 March 2024.
Background
Lakshmi's father Kuhaseelan Rajadurai is from Sri Lanka while her mother Karo Rigolo is from Kaparoko in Rigo District. Her father Kuhaseelan is an accountant while her mother is a casual worker who performs charities. Kuhaseelan, originally from Sri Lanka, has been staying in Papua New Guinea since 1982. He played for POM team in Papua New Guinean domestic cricket and served as National Treasurer of Cricket PNG from 2005 to 2014. Lakshmi is a life member of Cricket PNG.
She began playing from the age of 7 in boys only competitions. She studies in Hills Sports High School in Sydney and represents New South Wales in Combined High Schools cricket. She was also selected for Sydney West cricket team.
Career
At the age of 10, Rajadurai got selected to play for New South Wales Under-13 team, and was later selected to play for their Under-15 team. She went on to play for the Paramatta Women's Grade Cricket Club in the Brewer Shield in Sydney. She was the leading wicket-taker in the Under-16 Australian Female National Championships in 2024, with 15 wickets at an average of 8.33. In December 2023, she played for Papua New Guinea Under-23s in the Australian National Women's Under-19 Championships. Cricket New South Wales were extremely supportive in her aspirations to play for Papua New Guinea.
On 24 March 2024, she made her ODI debut against Zimbabwe at the age of 15, becoming the youngest Papua New Guinean women's cricketer to play for the national team.
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77315388
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel%20Alumona
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Noel Alumona
|
Noel Ifeanyi Alumona (Emmanuel Alumona) (born October 1, 1992) is a special education expert working with Metro Nashville Public Schools, Tennessee. He is the founder of Hope for African Children, and also the Boys Champions, a nonprofit boy-child advocacy organization that partners with the UN Women and Nigeria's Ministry of Gender and Women Affairs. Alumona's work with his organization led to his being the first African recipient of the $10,000 American Field Service (AFS) Award for Young Global Citizens at the 2022 AFS Youth Assembly, part of the AFS Intercultural Programs. He is an Obama Foundation Fellow, United States Institute of Peace Fellow, and United Nations Youth Assembly Delegate. He was also shortlisted for the $100,000 Global Student Prize.
Early life and education
Alumona was born on October 1, 1992, to Mr. Godwin and Mrs. Felicita Alumona. He is a native of Udenu LGA, Enugu State, Nigeria. A rape incident he witnessed as a child defined his resolve to impact positively on youths. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy (Philosophy of Education) from the Pontificia Universitas Urbaniana, Rome, Italy. He received a certificate of completion from the social entrepreneurship summer program at the University of Connecticut, USA. He then proceeded to Peabody College of education and human development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, for a master's degree programme. He earned a Master of Special Education & Teaching (M.Ed.) from Vanderbilt University.
Career
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