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77315388	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel%20Alumona	Noel Alumona	From June 2012 to May 2014, Alumona was the Head of School and 5th Grade Class Teacher at Madonna Primary School in Enugu. From July 2013 to August 2014, he volunteered as Community Event Co-Lead for UNICEF in Enugu. In October 2013, he established Hope for African Children in Abuja, Nigeria, and ran the organization until 2018, providing mentorship to vulnerable children and organizing teacher development programs. He participated in the Obama Foundation, African Leaders Training Program, Johannesburg, South Africa, July 2018. Through this, he met Barack Obama in Johannesburg, South Africa. This encounter inspired him to create the Boys Champions initiative on October 1, 2018. He was selected for the Clinton Foundation, Clinton Global Initiative for Young Leaders, Nashville, United States, March 2023; AFS Intercultural Programs, Youth Advisory Council Member, New York, September 2022 to September 2023; United States Institute of Peace, Fellowship with Dalai Lama, Dharamshala, India, September 2022; British Council Partner Schools Global Network, Training Facilitator, Oakland, Enugu, May 2019; The Youth Assembly Delegate; and Global Young Leaders Conference, New York, August 2022. He read an address on the effects of climate change to youths from 103 countries at the UN International Youth Day, 2023. Recognition He is a recipient of the AFS Award for Young Global Citizens at the 2022 AFS Youth Assembly, becoming the first African to win the award. He received commendations from the former president of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari and the Chairman of Nigerians in Diaspora Commission, Abike Dabiri-Erewa. The government of Enugu State also began plans to partner with him on community services. Alumona also received the African Youth Award; the Nigerian Goodwill Ambassador Award; Volunteer of the Year Award by Appreciate Africa Network, Beijing, China.	2.15625
77315425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20yodeling	Blue yodeling	Jimmie Davis Another artist who was inspired by Rodgers at the beginning of his career was the later two-time governor of Louisiana Jimmie Davis. In the late 1920s, he worked as a teacher at Dodd College in Shreveport. As a sideline, he recorded sentimental pop songs for Shreveport radio station KWKH and its record label, but also sang in the blue yodel style. During this time, he recorded several Rodgers tunes, alongside original compositions in the blues style, backed by blues guitarists Oscar Woods and Ed Schaffer. Some of these titles contained unusually explicit sexual references for the time, which led to songs such as Bed Bug Blues or Red Nightgown Blues being used against him in the election campaign, but without success. However, he had his greatest successes as an interpreter of gospel songs and pop ballads such as Nobody's Darlin' But Mine (1934) and You Are My Sunshine (1940). Elton Britt Also inspired by Jimmie Rodgers was Elton Britt (1913–1972), but he was to surpass his role model by far when it came to yodeling technique. Having grown up in a musical family, he emulated Rodgers as a teenager. In his enthusiasm, he is said to have joined Rodgers at one of his appearances on the Round-Up Show of Buffalo Bills Pawnee Bill in Oklahoma, where the latter recommended that he go to California. When the two later met again in Hollywood, Rodgers is said to have recommended that Ralph Peer sign Britt, but this did not materialize.	2.21875
77315425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20yodeling	Blue yodeling	After various stops, Britt had his first major success as a solo artist in June 1934 with Chime Bells, accompanied on piano by Bob Miller, who had composed the song. Chime Bells is exemplary for Britt's yodeling style and at the same time for a certain break with the legacy of his role model Rodgers. Thematizing mountain lakes and the ringing of bells and stylistically kept in 6/8 time, it has nothing to do with blues or even country, but creates a "peculiar European feeling". Mainly, however, it served as a vehicle for Britt to demonstrate his yodeling by every trick in the book, described as "pyrotechnic" and "the world's highest yodeler". Indeed, alongside Roy Rogers, Britt is regarded as the yodeller who brought the complex, fast-singing and tumbling yodels to top form: "He set the gold standard." Both Britt and Roy Rogers covered Jimmie Rodgers' My Little Lady, which over time had become a test for advanced yodelers. In his version from 1928, Rodgers himself had limited himself to stretching out the word endings in the refrain "Hady-ee, my little lady-ee". At the same time, however, Britt managed not to let the yodeling "hang in the air" or conflict with the content of the song, just like Rodgers, who had rejected the alpine style for this reason. However, Britt had his greatest success as a singer of sentimental pop ballads after his final breakthrough in 1942 with the patriotic title There's a Star-Spangled Banner Waving Somewhere. The next generation While the aforementioned artists such as Autry, Carlisle and Davis, referred to by Bill C. Malone as the three greatest 'imitators' of Jimmie Rodgers , had been active during Rodgers' lifetime and in some cases in personal contact with him, Rodgers' legacy continued to produce some of country music's biggest stars after his death in 1933.	2.171875
77315425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20yodeling	Blue yodeling	Characteristics Immediately after the release of T for Texas, it was not clear how this new style should be categorized. Victor had advertised it as a "popular song for comedian with guitar" and Rodgers' style as "grotesque". However, the reference to African-American traditions was unmistakable; one critic described him as a "white man gone black". Indeed, Rodgers must have had a special feel for this style, which, according to Cliff Carlisle, was also reflected in his whole manner: "Jimmie, he reminded me more of a colored person, or a negro ... than anybody I ever saw, in a way." Thus, the lyrical I in Mule Skinner Blues, whose first sentences are based on a song by blues musician Tom Dickson, is also addressed as "shine", a derogatory term for black people derived from "shoe shine". Conversely, Rodgers' music was also appreciated and used as inspiration by African Americans, who, according to an assessment expressed in the literature, may have made him at least in part an "honorary negro". This association went so far that some historians, to whom Rodgers was unknown, classified his songs as traditional folk songs and made the following statement in relation to Blue Yodel No. 5: "As we have it here it is clearly a Negro blues song."	2.328125
77315425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20yodeling	Blue yodeling	In an essay published in 1957, the music journalist John Greenway identified a situational and a prosodic pattern, i.e. the relationship between word and sound, as identifying features of blue yodeling. The "rounder" often appears, boasting about his abilities as a lover, but at the same time is deeply insecure and constantly fears the "creeper" who wants to steal his partner. He reacts to this with threats or violence and/or the assurance that he can have any other woman anyway. In formal terms, this is achieved through the use of "negro maverick stanzas", which - often in an ambiguous way - thematize violence and promiscuity. In Blue Yodel No. 3, for example, mistrust is followed by a threat: "Won't you tell me, mama, where you stayed last night, 'cause your hair's all tangled and your clothes don't fit you right (...) The day you quit me, woman, that's the day that you die." The individual verses are linked by the characteristic yodel refrains. Although the treatment of the themes mentioned contributed to the great emotionality of the music, it was the sometimes tortured yodel refrains that created an atmosphere of loneliness and despair.	2.015625
77315774	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickwick%20Book%20Shop	Pickwick Book Shop	Pickwick Book Shop was an independent bookstore located at 6741-6745 W. Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. The store was popular with many film and literary figures, and was known as the "supermarket of books." History Louis Epstein purchased his first bookstore, a tiny bookshop attached to a gunsmith shop in Long Beach, California, in 1925. He soon moved his business to downtown Los Angeles, renaming it Epstein's Used Books. The store focused on literature and poetry. In the early 1930s, a movie studio inquired with Epstein about renting 5000 books to be used as props, to which they agreed to a price of $0.05 per book per day for thirty days. The books were returned about a year later, and when the studio attempted to pay for only the original thirty days, Epstein phoned his lawyer who extracted the full amount. Epstein's lawyer then refused to give Epstein the money, fearing Epstein would "spend it foolishly buying more books and having a good time." Instead, he told Epstein to find a building to buy and he would release the money into escrow for it. In 1938, Epstein used this account to open Pickwick Book Shop, which he named after the 1836 Charles Dickens' book The Pickwick Papers. Pickwick Book Shop was a three-story bookshop located at 6743 W. Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California, and was immensely popular with film and literary insiders, as well as the general public. During its heyday, notable figures such as F Scott Fitzgerald, Raymond Chandler, William Faulkner, Humphrey Bogart, and Marlene Dietrich frequented the shop, and Orson Welles, Peter Finch, Marlon Brando, and Ray Bradbury were known to visit as well. Pickwick Book Shop eventually expanded into the building west of it, and fifteen additional locations also opened around southern California. In 1968, Dayton Hudson, founder of B. Dalton, bought the Pickwick chain, and in 1979, he consolidated the names of all his stores. Building	2.140625
77316883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwan%20Kirpa%20Ram	Diwan Kirpa Ram	Diwan Kirpa Ram (d. 1842), the youngest son of Diwan Moti Ram, was a civil administrator and soldier in the Sikh Empire. Family Diwan Kirpa Ram was born into a family with a rich legacy of military and administrative service. His grandfather Dewan Mokham Chand, contributed significantly to the early consolidation of territories that came under the sway of Ranjit Singh. Moti Ram was an honest, well-respected administrator and faithful courtier, who served as the governor of Kashmir for two terms. Diwan Kirpa Ram's brother, Diwan Ram Dayal, was killed in the line of duty while trying to enforce tribute collection from rebellious tribes in Hazara. Career Kirpa Ram managed the Jalandhar doab while his father, Diwan Moti Ram, was serving in Kashmir. In 1823, Diwan Kirpa Ram participated in the Battle of Nowshera against the Barakzai Afghans in the trans-Indus region on the banks of the river Kabul. He was with the advance troops and played a crucial role alongside Hari Singh Nalwa in securing Sikh dominance against Afghan forces, which underscored his strategic capabilities and military prowess. In 1827, Diwan Kirpa Ram was appointed the Governor of Kashmir, a post he held till 1831. Despite his success, and like his father before him, Kirpa Ram faced political challenges and intrigues within the Maharaja's court, particularly from rivals like Dhian Singh and Gulab Singh Dogra, who had long been eyeing Kashmir. Accusations of embezzlement led to Kirpa Ram's imprisonment. Departure Repeated insults, slights, imprisonment and the imposition of an unjustified exorbitant fine forced Kirpa Ram to apply for permission to join his father in Benares. While Moti Ram obtained permission from Ranjit Singh before he left the Sikh Empire for Benares in May 1833, Kirpa Ram applied but got no answer. Tired of waiting, Diwan Kirpa Ram undertook a pilgrimage to Jwalamukhi and crossed the Satluj into British territory. En route, he was offered a job by the Phulkian rajas whose state he travelled through, but he refused them.	1.984375
77317013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer%20Ate%20Allotey	Ebenezer Ate Allotey	Ebenezer Ate Allotey (28 November 1933 – 5 April 2024) was a Ghanaian public servant and diplomat who served as Ghana's ambassador to Côte d'Ivoire from 1987 to 1989. Early life and education Ebenezer Ate Allotey was born on 28 November 1933, in Accra. Ate Allotey was the twin brother of Oko Allotey. His father, Magnus Kojo Allotey, served as an administrative officer for the Tarkwa Trading Company, later known as UAC (now Unilever), and was also an auctioneer. Ate's mother, Majory Mould, was the eldest daughter of William Kojo Mould from the Mould family of Jamestown, British Accra. He was raised by Ellen Buckle. His educational journey began at Kinbu Government School for primary education from 1940 to 1949, followed by secondary education at Accra Academy from 1950 to 1953. In 1955, he entered St. Augustine's College where he studied for his sixth form education graduating in 1956. Career In 1960, Ate Allotey joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a Foreign Service Officer. He later served in various capacities in Ghana's foreign missions in Morocco, UK, Liberia and Côte d'Ivoire. In Morocco he served as Head of Chancery, Counsellor in the UK, Minister Counsellor in Liberia, and Deputy Ambassador of Ghana to La Côte d'Ivoire. He was appointed as Ghana's ambassador to La Côte d'Ivoire, serving in this capacity from 1987 to 1989. As Ghana's ambassador to La Côte d'Ivoire, he signed a loan agreement under which the African Fund Development Fund (FAD) granted a rapid disbursement loan of 20.20 million UCF (approximately $23.8 million) to finance part of the agricultural sector rehabilitation program in Ghana. The loan, which was to be disbursed over two years, representing 44.6% of the total foreign exchange cost of the agricultural sector rehabilitation program.	1.9375
77317037	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20Coe	Isaac Coe	Coe arrived in Madison, Indiana, in early 1821, before relocating to Indianapolis in May. He was the town's first physician with a medical degree and is credited with saving the town from a malaria outbreak that nearly wiped out the town's citizens. He was a founding member of the Indiana State Medical Society and served as its first chair and its second president. He was a founder and superintendent of the Sunday school, a Bible School for adults, and the first church, Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis, which he designed and planned, and served as an Elder for 30 years. He also led organizing of the state's anti-gambling society, which successfully led to the state's first prohibition on gambling. Coe was a commissioner of Indianapolis, including the Fund commissioner the Indiana Mammoth Internal Improvement Act. The law added $10 million in funding for public works. Due to the Panic of 1837 and the area's geography, many of the projects failed and the town was nearly bankrupted. In his biographical sketch of Coe, Senator Oliver H. Smith said that he laughed at Coe for suggesting the capital of Indiana would someday be home to 5,000 people, which was in the woods at the time. By 1850, the capital had surpassed 8,000, and at the time of his death, more than 20,000. Smith wrote, "few men did as much as the Dr. to form society at Indianapolis". He is buried next to his wife, Rebecca Coe () at the Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis. His homes in the city are now the sites of Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital and The Columbia Club. He is the namesake of Coe, Indiana, originally called Arcadia.	2.71875
77317044	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnovishnevoye	Krasnovishnevoye	Krasnovishnevoye () is a salt lake in Kupinsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russian Federation. The lake is located at the southwestern end of the Oblast. The nearest inhabited places are Blagoveshchenka to the north and Terengul to the east. The western lakeshore lies to the east of the Kazakhstan–Russia border. Geography Krasnovishnevoye lies in the Baraba Lowland, West Siberian Plain. It is part of the Kyzyltuz lake group. The lake is shallow and has a roughly triangular shape. There is one islet in the southwestern sector. Located in an area of lakes, Krasnovishnevoye displays unusual characteristics compared to its immediate neighbors. One theory is that it is the site where a meteorite fell in the past. But so far no research has been carried out to establish whether there are meteorite fragments under the layer of salt and mud at the center of the lake. Krasnovishnevoye has a pink color for the most part of the year. Its water is hypersaline. Regarding phytoplankton and presence of purple bacteria there are similarities between Krasnovishnevoye and some salt lakes of the Kulunda Plain, such as Malinovoye, but its harsher water conditions restrict its biodiversity to prokaryotes and unicellular algae. Smaller lake Gorkoye straddles the border to the west, Bolshoy Bagan lies to the northeast and Bolshoye Topolnoye to the southeast. Lake Zharagash is in Kazakhstan, to the north, and Bolshoy Azhbulat to the SSE.	2.1875
77317431	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caritas%20Estonia	Caritas Estonia	In 1998, director Merle Karusoo and young people from Viljandi Culture Academy carried out a project entitled "Who I am" () for 87 Russian-speaking young people, during which the young people searched for their roots and identity under the guidance of the director and with the help of creative techniques. The project resulted in a series of productions that explored the connections between different people and their roots, social and cultural affiliations. In 1999, the project "Theatre and Dance for Social Change" (), funded by the Estonian Centre for Contemporary Art and the European Cultural Foundation, was launched to address the problems of children and young people and to find solutions through artistic activities involving actors and dancers in solving the problems of children and young people. In Tallinn, a Caritas youth arts and theatre project was launched, and in Tartu, creative dance classes were held for the children of the project. In 1999, a project called "Democracy School" () took place, where young people of different nationalities debated all the issues that concern them, from the social system to agricultural policy. In 2000, the joint project "From Border to Border" () in Narva and Häädemeeste and the project "New Life in Narva-Jõesuu" () tried to enhance the value of Narva-Jõesuu, the home town. In 1999, Caritas Estonia became a member of Caritas Europa.	2.671875
77317431	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caritas%20Estonia	Caritas Estonia	By the autumn of 2001, the Caritas School of Creativity had grown out of the theatre and art classes for young people in Tallinn, and began to operate in the newly completed premises of the new Pirita Monastery. The aim of the Creativity School was to increase tolerance through creativity between different social groups and to discover oneself and the world through artistic activities. Through creativity, children can express their feelings and opinions, learn to communicate with their peers, respect others and feel that they belong. This method has been widely appreciated worldwide, especially when working with children at risk, and has received a lot of positive feedback. To promote integration, in 2001 Estonian and Russian young people jointly renovated the Caritas eco-house in Sillamäe, also learning the ecological technologies used. The international dimension was added in 2001 by a joint camp for French and Estonian children in Soomaa. In 2002, camps continued in Ida-Viru County and children's school holidays on farms. In 2003, Caritas started to work with girls who had been orphaned as teenagers - the first support group started. It started to look for ways to support girls who had become mothers at a very young age to cope, to parent, to learn skills and responsibilities. The work with young mothers has received extremely positive feedback and continues to evolve and develop to this day. In July 2003, during its 17th General Assembly, Caritas Estonia was admitted as member of Caritas Internationalis. In 2005, the Caritas Family Centre () was opened in the Kopli district of Tallinn. The centre was initially intended primarily for families with young children living in the northern part of Tallinn, but also for other Caritas target groups and anyone interested. In 2006, we continued to develop hobby groups in the family centre, to work with young mothers, and to do guardianship work.	2.71875
77317479	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravenswood%20standing%20stone	Ravenswood standing stone	The Ravenswood standing stone is an ancient monument in The Inch, Edinburgh, Scotland. Erected around 2000 BC, it is a menhir that may mark the site of an ancient battle or have had a ritual use. It was moved in the early 19th-century for a road scheme, but returned to its original location in 1891. It was moved again in 1971 and now sits in a cul-de-sac on a housing estate, protected by metal railings. It is high. Description The stone stands in the footway at the north-west side of the cul-de-sac at the eastern end of Ravenswood Avenue in The Inch in Edinburgh. It is set into concrete and stands at high. The stone measures in diameter at its base and tapers towards the top. The stone is formed of grey sandstone containing some quartz crystals. It has natural erosion grooves on the east and west faces and a large, ear-shaped, naturally-formed cavity on the east face. The stone has no manmade markings. It is similar in composition and appearance to the Auchencorth gowk stane near Penicuik. Because of its situation, in the middle of a modern housing estate, it has been said that it "might be Britain's most urban standing stone". The original purpose of the stone is not known, but it may commemorate an ancient battle or have been used for ritualistic purposes. Historic Environment Scotland note that the stone no longer has any archaeological potential as it has been moved, but remains worthy of protection due to its cultural significance. History The standing stone was erected around 2000 BC. The monument originally stood in what is now Liberton glebe, Scotland, around south-west of where the Old Dalkeith Road (A7) is today, around above sea level. The stone was moved in the early 19th-century to facilitate a road scheme, but was restored to its original location in 1891.	2.375
77317597	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szarcz%20Lake	Szarcz Lake	According to the , the lake lies within the sixth-level catchment area of the Szarcz Lake Basin. The MPHP identifier is 187781. The catchment area of the lake is 3.9 km². Development The waters of Szarcz Lake are managed by the in Poznań. They have established a fishing circuit that includes the waters of the Struga Lubikowska stream and Szarcz Lake (Fishing Circuit of Szarcz Lake on the Struga Lubikowska stream – No. 1). The fishing operations on the lake are conducted by the Polish Angling Association District in Gorzów Wielkopolski. The lake also serves recreational purposes. There are two designated bathing areas on the lake in accordance with the : OW Karina Beach on Szarcz Lake and the Municipal Beach on Szarcz Lake. In 2022, the water quality at both beaches was rated as excellent. Water purity and environmental protection According to data from 1993, 1999, and 2005, the lake's waters were classified as Class II in terms of cleanliness. Studies from 2016 classified the lake's waters as having a good ecological status, corresponding to Class II quality. This quality class was maintained in 2019, with the macrobenthos and ichthyofauna conditions being the decisive factors for the second class, while the state of phytoplankton, macrophytes, and phytobenthos was rated as very good. In the same year, the chemical status of the waters was assessed as below good, with PBDEs and heptachlor content in fish tissues exceeding the norm. The water transparency was measured at 3.7 m. Szarcz Lake has been classified as moderately resistant to degrading external influences, placing it in the II category of susceptibility to degradation. This means it has average natural conditions. On one hand, it has fairly good morphometric conditions that protect it from the degrading impact of anthropogenic pollution, particularly characterized by a relatively large average depth and a very low annual water exchange rate (4%). On the other hand, the low thermal stratification negatively affects the lake's water quality.	2.15625
77317677	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melhem%20Khalaf	Melhem Khalaf	Melhem Emile Khalaf () is a Lebanese lawyer, politician and human rights activist. He is currently a member of the Lebanese parliament since 2022, as part of the Forces of Change bloc, and was president of the Beirut Bar Association between 2019 and 2021. Early life Melhem Khalaf was born in the Ras Beirut neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon on January 20, 1962 to a Greek Orthodox family of lawyers from Baskinta. He received his secondary education in the Collège Notre Dame de Jamhour. After obtaining a law degree from Saint Joseph University of Beirut, he continued his studies at the University of Montpellier in France where he obtained a doctorate in law. Career Khalaf was registered as a trainee lawyer in the Beirut Bar Association. He then moved to the general roll, practicing the profession in his office in Beirut. He has been involved in union work since his membership, through his appointment to several committees within the association. In 1985, during the Lebanese Civil War, he founded a politically and religiously independent Lebanese non-governmental called Offrejoie aimed to unite Lebanese youth during times of sectarian conflict. It was created after Khalaf's experience as a Lebanese Red Cross volunteer in which they saw people's suffrage during the war. Since 1990, he has been a professor at the Faculty of Law and Political Science at Saint Joseph University. He also participated in the discussion of theses for the award of a doctorate in law at Lebanese and French universities. The United Nations General Assembly elected Khalaf in 2015 as a member of the International Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination in Geneva, and in 2017, he was elected vice-president of this committee.	2.0625
77318179	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantsavichy%20Ghetto	Hantsavichy Ghetto	Hantsavichy Ghetto or Gantsevichi Ghetto (November 1941 – 14 August 1942) was a Nazi Jewish ghetto, a place of forced relocation for the Jews of the city of Gantsevichi (Hantsavichy) in the Brest Region and nearby settlements during the Holocaust in Belarus under the occupation of Belarus by the forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Occupation of Gantsevichi and establishment of the ghetto Before the war, Jews constituted 70% of Gantsevichi's population, approximately 1,700 people. Hantsavichy was captured by German troops on June 30, 1941, and the occupation lasted for three years, until July 7, 1944. At the beginning of the war, the Germans destroyed almost the entire Jewish population of the town and the surrounding villages. Jews from nearby districts—Kletsk, Telekhany, Krasnoslobodsk, and others—more than 6,000 people, were brought to Gantsevichi to be killed. From June 30 to July 1, 1941, during an "action" (used by the Nazis for organized mass killings) in Gantsevichi, 16 Jews were killed, and on August 15, 350 Jews were killed. In the fall of 1941, the Germans, implementing Hitler's program of Jewish extermination, organized a ghetto in the town, which functionally served as a labor camp. It housed 230 Jews from Lenin and 120 from Pogost-Zagorodsky. Conditions in the ghetto The ghetto, located opposite the railway station and enclosed by a barbed-wire fence, consistently housed around 500 people. Those who died from hunger, beatings, disease, or were shot by guards, were replaced by new able-bodied prisoners from nearby ghettos. The Nazis forced Greenberg (also known as Greenbaum) to become the chairman of the Judenrat. He did everything possible to save the prisoners. Most of the prisoners were used in the construction of roads through the swamps, while a smaller number worked in various workshops in the town. Jews were dying of hunger. Each person was given only 200 grams of ersatz bread made from chaff mixed with straw and 20 grams of cereal per day.	2.125
77318405	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sts.%20Cyril%20and%20Methodius%20High%20School%20of%20Humanities%2C%20Plovdiv	Sts. Cyril and Methodius High School of Humanities, Plovdiv	According to the prominent researcher of the Bulgarian National Revival, Nikolay Genchev, the level of educational programs at the Plovdiv Gymnasium was so high that a diploma from there was sufficient for admission to foreign universities. Nationalism and revolutionary spirit The century marked by nationalism and revolutionary fervor on the Balkans did not bypass the Plovdiv Gymnasium. Within its walls, many patriotic Bulgarians received a high-quality education and imbued with patriotic values, realized the need for an independent Bulgarian state, and joined the national liberation movement. Two-thirds of the gymnasium's alumni became organizers and participants in the April Uprising and later joined the Russo-Turkish War of Liberation (1877-1878). After liberation After the Liberation, the Plovdiv Gymnasium resumed its activities, and attracted Czech educators who significantly elevated its standards. Their contributions were immense: Ludwig Lukash advanced chemistry into an experimental science, Vaclav Dobrusky delved into the history and archaeology of Thrace, the Shkorpil brothers pioneered numismatics in Plovdiv, Ivan Mrkvicka introduced fine arts, Frantisek Splitek authored numerous math textbooks, and Anton Bezenshek founded shorthand in Bulgaria.	2.390625
77318506	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20West%20Woodland%20Nature%20Reserve	South West Woodland Nature Reserve	South West Woodland Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve, located in the South Western Slopes, Riverina, and Murray Darling Depression regions of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The reserve consists of 27 separate precincts spread from Peak Hill in the north to Berrigan in the south, a distance of approximately . History The reserve lies within Wiradjuri and Ngiyampaa country. Some parts of the reserve have been surveyed and have registered Aboriginal sites, however further study and engagement with Aboriginal communities is required to fully understand its historic significance to Aboriginal people. South West Woodland Nature Reserve was reserved as part of the National Park Estate (South Western Cypress Reservations) Act (2010). Prior to reservation the various precincts were state forests, with the previous state forest names continuing to be used for each precinct. The various precincts of the reserve were gazetted as State Forests between 1913 and 1977 and managed by the Forestry Commission of NSW for logging and timber harvesting activities. The state forests were reclassified as a nature reserve on 1 January 2011. Environment Flora Plant communities that exist within the reserve include woodlands and forests dominated by grey box, mugga ironbark, white cypress pine, bimble box, and red mallee. Other native plant species recorded within the reserve include pine donkey orchid, Wakool spear-grass, and Inland red box. Introduced weed species found in the reserve include African boxthorn, white horehound, prickly pear, Noogoora and Bathurst burrs, Patterson's curse, and thistles.	2.546875
77318688	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humour%20in%20Sikhism	Humour in Sikhism	In Guru Gobind Singh's previous incarnation, known as Rishi Dusht Daman, it is said a pilgrim wanted to meet the Rishi in his isolated dwelling place in the mountains, but upon drawing closer, he heard intimidating and loud laughter the closer he got, which eventually scared him away. It is claimed that one time Guru Gobind Singh dressed-up a donkey like a lion and let it loose in the fields. When his followers began laughing at the sight, Guru Gobind Singh stated that his Singhs (meaning "lion") would also look just as foolish if they dressed up as a Khalsa and adopted a Khalsa name, yet they still remained "ignorant" or "cowardly". Other examples of dark humour displayed by Guru Gobind Singh involve incidents relating to Pundit Kesho failing to summon the goddess Durga, with Guru Gobind Singh taking out a sword eventually and stating that the sword itself is the goddess of power. Another example is when Guru Gobind Singh requested a volunteer for a human sacrifice from amidst his gathered congregates, to see if they anyone would be willing to go above and beyond recitation of hymns and scriptural reading. Sikh oral history claims Guru Gobind Singh usually had a smile on his face but that he rarely laughed because if he did, then his followers would follow in laughter in an extremely high-spirited and cheerful manner, so the Guru did not want them to be distracted and lose focus. However, another story claims that Guru Gobind Singh encouraged members of the Khalsa to humour others and make them guffaw. Guru Gobind Singh taught the Khalsa to use humour when meeting with crowds of commoners to create a positive atmosphere.	1.929688
77318744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Cable%20Oechsner	Frederick Cable Oechsner	When The Sun's press service ceased operations in 1932, Oechsner secured a position with the United Press staff in London. On May 1, 1933, he was appointed as the Berlin manager for the United Press. Oechsner remained the head of the United Press bureau in Berlin until 1942. On March 1, 1941, he was promoted to the position of Central European manager for the United Press, with headquarters in Berlin. This role expanded his responsibilities to overseeing a team of foreign correspondents across twelve European countries, including areas under Nazi occupation. His Berlin team included Howard K. Smith and Richard Helms, who later became the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (1965–1973). In December 1941, Oechsner, along with the rest of the U.S. press corps in Berlin, was interned by German authorities in Bad Nauheim. They were detained alongside other American embassy staff and journalists. Among those interned were his United Press colleagues Joseph W. Grigg, Jack M. Fleischer, Glen M. Stadler, and Clinton B. Conger. In May 1942, Oechsner and the rest of the internees were released as part of a diplomatic exchange for German diplomats. Oechsner with his United Press colleagues co-authored the bestseller This Is The Enemy (1942), published by Little, Brown, which provided a critical examination of the Nazi regime. Intelligence work After his journalism career, Oechsner was appointed as the director of psychological warfare under President Eisenhower. He continued to serve in intelligence services before retiring to Florida. Personal life Oechsner was married to Marion and had two stepdaughters, Ann Bauer and Mary Bray Sharp, both residents of Orlando, Florida. He retired to Florida after a distinguished career in journalism and intelligence. Footnotes	2.046875
77318790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby%20League%20Las%20Vegas	Rugby League Las Vegas	Rugby League Las Vegas is an annual event held at the Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas showcasing the sport of rugby league. The event was started in 2024 by Australia's National Rugby League (NRL) before being joined by Super League clubs from the United Kingdom in 2025. The event was created by the NRL to expand the audience of the competition and develop rugby league in the United States. The event is contracted until 2028. The later joining of Super League clubs was arranged on a club level with the NRL, and not organizing by Super League or the Rugby Football League. History In August 2023, the National Rugby League (NRL) announced that two games in the opening round of the 2024 NRL season would be held in Las Vegas. The Brisbane Broncos, Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, South Sydney Rabbitohs, and Sydney Roosters were selected to play in the event, with the remainder of round one being confirmed at a later date. The two matches took place on March 2, 2024, and marked the first NRL regular season games held outside Australia and New Zealand. The 2024 event saw Manly Warringah beat South Sydney and Sydney beat Brisbane in front of an audience of over 40,000, the largest attendance of any rugby league event at the time held in the United States. Both games were aired on Fox Sports in the United States. While stadium attendance was deemed a success, TV viewing fixtures were low in the United States at only 61,000, though it was 16,000 higher than the last NRL programme to be aired in the state. Viewing figures in Australia surpassed 1.6 million across both games. The day prior to the event, a Colonial Cup match between the national men's teams of the United States and Canada was held. The game ended 16–16.	1.914063
77318865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%20al-Qasim%20al-Rafi%27i	Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i	Taj al-Din al-Subki described Imam al-Rāfi'i as follows: “There is no one who writes like him in any school and does not illuminate the ummah as he illuminates it in the darkness. He is a persistent person in the sciences of sharia whether interpretation, hadith and usul. A person who stood out in his time in imparting knowledge, research, giving guidance and also writing. In the field of jurisprudence, he is a pillar for those who seek the certainty and support of the authors, as if jurisprudence was dead and then he revived, spread and established its pillar after being killed and buried by ignorance.” Ibn Kathir when recording the character of Imam al-Rāfi'i said: "He is the storehouse of knowledge of the Imams of the Shafi'i school who stands out for those who research. He is referred to by all the jurists among our followers in this era in most districts and states. Works As a prolific writer, Imam al-Rāfi'i has left a treasure of his writings which are very valuable not only in the field of jurisprudence as a pioneer in the purification of the school in his time but also in other fields such as interpretation, Hadith and history. Among his main works are as follows:	2.03125
78728275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gherardo%20Del%20Colle	Gherardo Del Colle	Gherardo del Colle, pseudonym of father Gherardo Paolo da Cesino, born Paolo Repetto (26 February 1920 – 20 March 1978), was an Italian Franciscan Capuchin friar, poet, writer and journalist. Biography Gherardo del Colle was born as Paolo Repetto in Cesino, a neighborhood of Genoa on 26 February 1920 from Giovanni and Rosa Repetto. He joined the seminary of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin in Genoa Campi, where he received the religious habit on 14 agosto 1935. In 1942, he made the perpetual religious vows and was ordained a priest. He taught Italian literature for thirty years in the Philosophical School of the Capuchins in Savona. He conducted his priestly ministry in several convents of the Ligurian province of the Capuchins, including Pontedecimo, Madonna delle Grazie di Voltri, Varazze, Savona, Voltaggio e Genoa San Bernardino. He was also the chaplain of San Martino Hospital in Genoa. He was a poet, writer, playwright, journalist and collaborator of literary magazines. He began writing poetry at an early age and published several collections, including: “Rosso di Sera” (1946), “Biancospino” (1957), “Sotto la Gronda” (1964), “L’Angelo dei Suburbi” (1971) e “Poesie 1937-1970” (1975). As a playwright, he wrote in both Italian and Ligurian languages. As a journalist, he collaborated with L'Osservatore Romano, for which he published over 120 articles on ethics and literary criticism, and with the Genoese newspapers Il Cittadino and Il Corriere Mercantile. He also wrote texts illustrated strips for children, published in the magazine Lo Scolaro. He was a friend and correspondent of poets Giorgio Caproni and Angelo Barile, as well as numerous other Italian intellectuals, including Salvatore Quasimodo, Ettore Serra and Eugenio Montale. He died at the Andrea Gallino Hospital in Pontedecimo on March 20,1978.	2.171875
78728585	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20trinitarianism	Classical trinitarianism	Classical trinitarianism (also sometimes pejoratively called "anti-social trinitarianism") is a term which has been used to refer to the model of the trinity formulated in early Christian creeds and classical theologians, such as Augustine and Thomas Aquinas. The term is often used in the context of the discussion concerning differing models of the trinity, as some theologians have proposed models of the trinity which do not distinguish the persons of the trinity with eternal generation and eternal procession as established at the Council of Nicaea, but instead by distinct attributes of volition and consciousness. This is particularly associated with forms of social trinitarianism. Charecteristics Classical trinitarianism is characterized by distinguishing the persons of the Trinity through their eternal relations of origin rather than by attributes such as distinct centers of volition and mind. According to this perspective, the Father is unbegotten, the Son is eternally begotten of the Father, and the Holy Spirit eternally proceeds from the Father (and the Son, according to the Western tradition). In contrast, strong forms of social trinitarianism distinguishes the persons of the Trinity by their distinct centers of consciousness. This approach emphasizes the individuality and relational dynamics of each person, often comparing the Trinity to a community or a family. Classical trinitarianism does not view the trinity as a model for human relationships or social theory, which is in contradiction to social trinitarianism, which sees the trinity as a community analogous to human society.	2.40625
78728606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djiboutian%20War%20of%20Independence	Djiboutian War of Independence	Independence struggle The conflict intensified during the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the FLCS adopting guerrilla tactics, including attacks on infrastructure and military installations. French authorities responded with mass arrests, deportations, and troop reinforcements. The violence disrupted economic activities and heightened international attention on the territory's political future. The FLCS was established in 1960 by Mahamoud Harbi. Its founding president was Adan Abdulle. FLCS began armed activities outside Djibouti in 1968. From May 1969, its general secretary is Aden Robleh Awaleh. In January 1970 the Front claimed an attack on the Palm in Zinc, a bar in Djibouti City. In 1975 FLCS removes the ambassador of France in Somalia, Jean Guery, to be exchanged against two activists of the Front, which Omar Osman Rabeh. In December 1975, he claimed a failed attack against Ali Aref Bourhan. In February 1976, the FLCS claims the hijacking of a school bus, which ends with the death of the hostage-takers and two children. The organization mainly got its support from the Issa clan. Abdourahman Ahmed Hassan, also known as Gaboode, was made the secretary general in 1966 after Being Sentance to a two-year prison sentence. By 1975, mounting pressure from African nations, coupled with growing unrest within Djibouti, forced France to reconsider its position. Diplomatic negotiations began alongside increased resistance activity, paving the way for a final referendum in 1977. The vote resulted in an overwhelming majority in favor of independence. Aftermath On June 27, 1977, Djibouti gained independence, with Hassan Gouled Aptidon elected as the nation's first president. The country faced significant challenges in its early years, including economic underdevelopment, ethnic tensions, and balancing relations with France, Somalia, and Ethiopia. French military bases remained in Djibouti post-independence, maintaining French influence in the region.	2.546875
78728772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV%20Volgoneft-248	MV Volgoneft-248	Loss In December 1999, Volgoneft-248 left Burgas in Bulgaria carrying 4,365 tonnes of heavy fuel oil. On 27 December she passed through the Bosphorus, and anchored off Ambarlı oil terminal to await a berth to discharge her cargo. On 29 December, a southerly gale broke her anchor chain, and broke the ship in two about off the coast. Her forward section sank in about of water, and the gale drove her aft section ashore at Küçükçekmece, in the Menekşe district of Istanbul. Where the ship split in two, her numbers 5 and 6 cargo tanks were ruptured. This spilt about 1,279 tons of her oil cargo into the sea, causing a major pollution incident. The lighter fraction of the oil came ashore, where it polluted of coast. The layer of oil was thick, and from wide. Work to remove it took more than four months. The heavier fraction of the oil sank and settled on the seabed, where it remains a contaminant and an environmental threat. In the aft section, aground at Küçükçekmece, her numbers 7 and 8 cargo tanks contained about 1,013 tonnes of oil. These leaked oil into the sea until divers sealed the holes at the forward end. In the sunken forward section were cargo tanks 1 to 4, containing 2,073 tons of oil. Most of the oil in the forward section was recovered in February 2000, but the remainder continued to leak into the sea until that summer. The total spillage was about 4,365 tonnes of oil. Eventually, a floating crane raised the sunken forward section, and took it to Aliağa.	1.992188
78728874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20de%20Garay%20Ot%C3%A1%C3%B1ez%20y%20Rada	Juan de Garay Otáñez y Rada	Following the events of the Corpus de Sang that was to trigger the Reapers' War that May, the King gave Garay command of the tercios quartered in Roussillon. Garay arrested several leading local figures in August, causing the viceroy to write to him "begging him not to provoke a complete break with the Catalans because this might entail the loss of the Principality and the ruin of Spain". The following September, Garay was wounded by two musket shots at the Siege of Ille-sur-Têt. On 11 October 1640, Garay wrote to the King that the "licentiousness of the clerics and the religious in the convents of this diocese, all of whom have reached the last stages of sedition for in the confessionals and the pulpits they spend their entire time rousing the people and offering the rebels encouragement and advice, inducing the ignorant to believe that rebellion will win them the kingdom of heaven". In 1641, Garay projected several major improvements to the Citadel of Pamplona and the works were concluded in 1646, in time for the King to visit them. Although it is not clear whether Juan de Garay saw action at the Battle of Montjuïc (1641), following the defeat there, the Marquis of Los Vélez "gave Garay full command" to ensure the safe return of the beaten army to Tarragona. In reward for his services, Philip IV promoted him to maestre de campo general and governor of Arms of Extremadura, commissioning him to assess the state of the fortifications in Navarre and Guipúzcoa. On his arrival at Badajoz, he was sidelined by the Captain general, Manuel de Acevedo y Zúñiga, Count of Monterrey, and also had conflicts with other military commanders, such as the 1st Marquis of Rivas, José Ramírez de Saavedra y Ulloa, and the Count of Torrejón, leading him to resign in March 1644. In July 1645 he was appointed Captain general of Guipúzcoa and general lieutenant to the viceroy of Navarre, Duarte Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 7th count of Oropesa.	2.1875
78729062	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairata%20itatiaiensis	Mairata itatiaiensis	A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Aphildontinae based on morphology places M. itatiaiensis in a clade with M. butantan, the only other species in the same genus. These two closely related species share a set of traits that distinguish this genus from other genera in the same subfamily. For example, the distal element of the second maxillae in both species features three articles, with the third article reduced in size: The base of the third article is less than half as wide as the base of the second article. The short sclerite in front of the forcipular tergite is much shorter than wide and shorter than one-third the length of the head. The sternites of both the forcipular segment and the first leg-bearing segment are wider than long. Furthermore, in both species, each of the ultimate legs of both males and females features only six rather than seven articles, with only one tarsal article rather than two, and with neither a terminal spine nor a claw at the distal end. The ultimate leg is swollen in the male, with the third, fourth, and fifth articles wider than long, and the ultimate (tarsal) article shaped like a globe. The ultimate leg in the female is more slender, but the tarsal article is distinctly wider at the distal end. The species M. itatiaiensis can be distinguished from the species M. butantan, however, based on other traits. For example, adults of the species M. butantan are generally smaller, ranging from 18 mm to 23 mm in length. Furthermore, M. butantan features fewer legs, with only 59 pairs in the female and 57 pairs in the male. Moreover, the distal denticle on the first article of the forcipule features an apical seta in M. butantan, but this seta is absent in M. itatiaiensis.	2.5
78730777	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caritas%20Belarus	Caritas Belarus	Caritas Belarus (; "Religious Mission 'Caritas Catholic Charitable Society' of the Catholic Bishops' Conference in Belarus") is a not-for-profit social welfare organisation in Belarus. It is a service of the Catholic Church in Belarus. Caritas Belarus is a member of both Caritas Internationalis and Caritas Europa. History and structure In Belarus, Caritas was founded in 1990 during the time of dissolution of the Soviet Union. Initially, its work focussed on the provision of humanitarian aid in the parishes and for people living in poverty. Caritas organisations developed at the diocesan level. The national Caritas Belarus, based in the capital Minsk, was represents all diocesan Caritas organisations in ministries and various government agencies, as well as in the international organizations, such as Caritas Internationalis, Caritas Europa and other international partners, including Renovabis. The four diocesan Caritas organisations are: Caritas of the Minsk-Mogilev Archdiocese (), founded in 1991 Caritas of the Vitebsk Diocese (), founded in 1999 Caritas of the Grodno Diocese (), founded in 1990 Caritas of the Pinsk Diocese (), founded in 1993 Caritas Belarus reports to the Episcopal Conference of Belarus. Work In the 1990s, a significant focus of humanitarian efforts in Belarus was improving the health of children affected by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. This included initiatives such as organising holidays in Austria for thousands of children to support their physical and psychological recovery. Caritas Belarus has been at the forefront of providing care and assistance to vulnerable groups in the country. The organisation provides free lunches, shelters for orphans and social orphans, and programmes to facilitate the integration of children and young people with disabilities into society.	2.4375
78730923	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20misconceptions%20about%20arts%20and%20culture	List of common misconceptions about arts and culture	It is not illegal in the US to shout "fire" in a crowded theater. Although this is often given as an example of speech that is not protected by the First Amendment, it is not now nor has it ever been binding law. The phrase originates from Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.'s opinion in the United States Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States in 1919, which held that the defendant's speech in opposition to the draft during World War I was not protected free speech. However, that case was not about shouting "fire" and the decision was later overturned by Brandenburg v. Ohio in 1969. The US Armed Forces have generally forbidden military enlistment as a form of deferred adjudication (that is, an option for convicts to avoid jail time) since the 1980s. US Navy protocols discourage the practice, while the other four branches have specific regulations against it. Last meal requests do not have to be fulfilled. States have various restrictions on what can be requested, up to not permitting them at all. Although popularly known as the "red telephone", the Moscow–Washington hotline was never a telephone line, nor were red phones used. The first implementation of the hotline used teletype equipment, which was replaced by facsimile (fax) machines in 1988. Since 2008, the hotline has been a secure computer link over which the two countries exchange email. Moreover, the hotline links the Kremlin to the Pentagon, not the White House. Likewise, the nuclear football, the briefcase used by presidents to launch nuclear attacks, does not contain a large red button to launch an attack. Rather, its primary use is to confirm the president's identity, and to facilitate communication with the Pentagon.	2.296875
78730944	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20misconceptions%20about%20history	List of common misconceptions about history	North America The early settlers (commonly known as Pilgrims) of the Plymouth Colony in North America usually did not wear all black, and their capotains (hats) did not include buckles. Instead, their fashion was based on that of the late Elizabethan era. The traditional image was formed in the 19th century when buckles were a kind of emblem of quaintness. (The Puritans, who settled in the adjacent Massachusetts Bay Colony shortly after the Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth, did frequently wear all black.) People accused of witchcraft were not burned at the stake during the Salem witch trials. Of the accused, nineteen people convicted of witchcraft were executed by hanging, at least five died in prison, and one man was pressed to death by stones while trying to extract a confession from him. George Washington did not have wooden teeth. His dentures were made of lead, gold, hippopotamus ivory, the teeth of various animals, including horse and donkey teeth, and human teeth, possibly bought from slaves or poor people. Because ivory teeth quickly became stained, they may have had the appearance of wood to observers.	2.921875
78730954	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20misconceptions%20about%20science%2C%20technology%2C%20and%20mathematics	List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics	The phrase "survival of the fittest" refers to biological fitness, not physical fitness. Biological fitness is the quantitative measure of individual reproductive success, e.g. the tendency of lineages containing individuals that produce more offspring in a particular environment to persist and thrive in that environment. Further, while the related concepts of "survival of the fittest" and "natural selection" are often used interchangeably, they are not the same: natural selection is not the only form of selection that determines biological fitness (see sexual selection, fecundity selection, viability selection, and artificial selection).Hartl, D. L. (1981) A Primer of Population Genetics Evolution does not "plan" to improve an organism's fitness to survive. This misconception is encouraged as it is common shorthand for biologists to speak of a purpose as a concise form of expression (sometimes called the "metaphor of purpose"); it is less cumbersome to say "Dinosaurs may have evolved feathers for courtship" than "Feathers may have been selected for when they arose as they gave dinosaurs a selective advantage during courtship over their non-feathered rivals". However, this can result in many students explaining evolution as an intentional and purposeful process. Mutations are not entirely random, nor do they occur at the same frequency everywhere in the genome. Certain regions of an organism's genome will be more or less likely to undergo mutation depending on the presence of DNA repair mechanisms and other mutation biases. For instance, in a study on Arabidopsis thaliana, biologically important regions of the plant's genome were found to be protected from mutations, and beneficial mutations were found to be more likely, i.e. mutation was "non-random in a way that benefits the plant".	2.953125
78730954	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20misconceptions%20about%20science%2C%20technology%2C%20and%20mathematics	List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics	Earth and environmental sciences Contemporary global warming is driven by human activities, despite claims that it is not occurring, does not have strong scientific consensus, or that warming is mostly caused by non-human factors. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with the decades-old, near-complete scientific consensus on climate change. Global warming is primarily a result of the increase in atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations (like CO2 and methane) via the burning of fossil fuels as well as other human activities such as deforestation, with secondary climate change feedback mechanisms (such as the melting of the polar ice increasing the Earth's absorption of sunlight) assisting to perpetuate the change. Global warming is not caused by the hole in the ozone layer. Ozone depletion is a separate problem caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which have been released into the atmosphere. However, CFCs are strong greenhouse gases. Further, the hole in the ozone layer is shrinking and in 2019 was the smallest it had been since 1982, while global warming continues.	3.03125
78730954	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20misconceptions%20about%20science%2C%20technology%2C%20and%20mathematics	List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics	The beta carotene in carrots does not enhance night vision beyond normal levels for people receiving an adequate amount, only in those with a deficiency of vitamin A. The belief that it does may have originated from World War II British disinformation meant to explain the Royal Air Force's improved success in night battles, which was actually due to radar and the use of red lights on instrument panels. Spinach is not a particularly good source of dietary iron. While it does contain more iron than many vegetables such as asparagus, Swiss chard, kale, or arugula, it contains only about one-third to one-fifth of the iron in lima beans, chickpeas, apricots, or wheat germ. Additionally, the non-heme iron found in spinach and other vegetables is not as readily absorbed as the heme iron found in meats and fish. Most cases of obesity are not related to slower resting metabolism. Resting metabolic rate does not vary much between people. Overweight people tend to underestimate the amount of food they eat, and underweight people tend to overestimate. In fact, overweight people tend to have faster metabolic rates due to the increased energy required by the larger body. Eating normal amounts of soy does not cause hormonal imbalance.	2.90625
78730954	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20misconceptions%20about%20science%2C%20technology%2C%20and%20mathematics	List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics	Skin and hair Water-induced wrinkles are not caused by the skin absorbing water and swelling. They are caused by the autonomic nervous system, which triggers localized vasoconstriction in response to wet skin, yielding a wrinkled appearance. A person's hair and fingernails do not continue to grow after death. Rather, the skin dries and shrinks away from the bases of hairs and nails, giving the appearance of growth. Shaving does not cause terminal hair to grow back thicker or darker. This belief is thought to be due to the fact that hair that has never been cut has a tapered end, so after cutting, the base of the hair is blunt and appears thicker and feels coarser. That short hairs are less flexible than longer hairs contributes to this effect. MC1R, the gene mostly responsible for red hair, is not becoming extinct, nor will the gene for blond hair do so, although both are recessive alleles. Redheads and blonds may become rarer but will not die out unless everyone who carries those alleles dies without passing their hair color genes on to their children. Acne is not caused by a lack of hygiene or eating fatty foods, though certain medication or a carbohydrate-rich diet may worsen it. Dandruff is not caused by poor hygiene, though infrequent hair-washing can make it more obvious. The exact causes of dandruff are uncertain, but they are believed to be mostly genetic and environmental factors.	2.890625
78731117	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1983%20J1%20%28Sugano%E2%80%93Saigusa%E2%80%93Fujikawa%29	C/1983 J1 (Sugano–Saigusa–Fujikawa)	C/1983 J1 (Sugano–Saigusa–Fujikawa) is a non-periodic comet discovered by Matsuo Sugano, Yoshikazu Saigusa, and Shigehisa Fujikawa on 8 May 1983. The comet approached Earth at a distance of 0.063 AU on 12 June 1983. Observational history The comet was discovered on 8 May 1983 by three observers from Japan, who found the comet independently within 48 minutes. The comet was first discovered by Masuo Sugano from Hyogo using a 15–cm reflector telescope, followed by Yoshikazu Saigusa from Kofu, Yamanashi using a 0.20–m reflector, and Shigehisa Fujikawa from Ōnohara, Kagawa using 12×120 binoculars. They estimated its magnitude to be 7. B. Mayer observed the comet the next day and mentioned it had a central concentration within a coma of 2 arcminutes, while a photograph obtained by E. Everhart revealed a tail 15 arcminutes long. A photo by Skiff and Lugenbuhl using the Pluto Telescope of Lowell Observatory showed the tail was 1.5 degrees long. The comet upon discovery had passed perihelion, which had taken place on 1 May, and was located in Andromeda, at a solar elongation of 29 degrees. It was quickly found that the comet would make a close approach to Earth, just about a month after C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock) passed 0.03 AU from Earth. The comet faded slightly during May, despite the fact that it was approaching Earth, and on 20 May its magnitude was estimated to be 8.3.	2.515625
78731118	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Symes%20%28politician%2C%20born%201573%29	John Symes (politician, born 1573)	Symes supported King Charles I during the English Civil War. In 1643, he was appointed Commissioner for Rebels' Estates, managing the confiscated properties of Parliamentarian supporters. This loyalty to the Crown came at a cost, as Symes faced financial penalties and was forced to take refuge in Gloucestershire during the Cromwellian period. Later life and death Following the English Civil War and the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Symes regained his estates but, due to declining health, spent his final years in Frampton Cotterell, Gloucestershire. He died on 29 October 1661 at the age of 88 and was buried at St. Peter's Church in Frampton Cotterell. His epitaph lauds him as a man of "wisdom, justice, integrity, and sobriety", virtues he displayed throughout his life. Descendants and surname evolution By the late 17th century, the spelling of the family name transitioned from "Symes" to "Sims" in Virginia’s colonial records. The change reflects the phonetic recording practices of clerks and the simplification of English surnames during that period. One descendant is Frances Sims (b. 1754), the daughter of Thomas Sims (b. 1726) and Mary Nalle (b. 1734). Thomas Sims was the son of William Sims (b. 1678), who carried forward the family's transition from Symes to Sims. Frances Sims married Joshua Morriss (b. 1752), a surveyor and officer in the American Revolutionary War. Joshua was the son of English-born tobacco merchant, William Morriss (b. 1722) and Elizabeth Stapp (b. 1729). Mary Nalle, Frances's mother, was the daughter of John Nalle (b. 1703) and sister of Amey Nalle (b. 1743), who married William Morriss (b. 1739), son of tobacco planter, Thomas Morriss. a cousin of Joshua's father, William Morriss (b. 1722). Thomas and William Morriss were collocated on the same plantation in Culpeper County (formerly Orange), which was purchased from George Hume.	2.1875
78731436	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20%282014%E2%80%93present%29	History of Antigua and Barbuda (2014–present)	The history of Antigua and Barbuda since 2014 began with the election of Gaston Browne as prime minister. Since then, the Barbudan independence movement has resurged and the Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party has cemented control over the country. Relations between the two islands have largely deteriorated. 2014-2018 General elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 12 June 2014. These elections resulted in the rebranded Labour Party returning to power after ten years in opposition. This also resulted in the Bird family's partial return to power, with Vere Bird's grandson-in-law Gaston Browne assuming the premiership. After the deterioration of the United Progressive Party's reputation, the Labour Party won in a landslide under new leadership, Browne being the youngest prime minister in the country's history. Browne pledged to transform the country into an economic powerhouse, with groundbreaking on his brainchild, the Antigua and Barbuda Special Economic Zone, commencing on 30 April 2015. The project was intended to be a modern futuristic city with skyscrapers and monorails, being led by the formerly-Chinese investor Yida Zhang, now exclusively a citizen of Antigua and Barbuda. In 2016, Antigua's human and infrastructural development was on an upward trajectory, being the first country in the Caribbean to ban plastic bags. However, this progress was reversed in September 2017 following Hurricane Irma. While Antigua was largely unscathed, 95% of Barbuda's infrastructure was destroyed, causing a land grab that ended the once-positive relationship between the two islands. Attempting to exploit the situation on the island, general elections were called a year earlier than required.	2.375
78731495	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohautia%20grandiflora	Kohautia grandiflora	Kohautia grandiflora is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is widespread in the West African savanna, and can be found in most of the coastal countries from Mauritania to Namibia, although its presence in Côte d'Ivoire and Mali is considered doubtful. It grows as far east as Uganda and Sudan. It is also found in Madagascar, Yemen and Oman. It has been introduced in United States (Texas, Florida), Mexico, Cuba, Central America, and northeastern South America. It is an annual and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is a common slender, erect ruderal herb growing to 30 cm high or more with small bright pink flowers. It grows especially in millet fields after the harvest in December. In various Senegalese languages it is known as 'arey' (Banyun), 'ésâguté éden' (Djula), 'kolmâdin' (Mandinka), 'ndohum gor' (Serer), 'ndohum' (Wolof). In the northern part of Nigeria, where it is known in Hausa as “Rimin samari” or “Rimin sauri”, it is used in several traditional medicinal preparations to treat gastric problems and inflammation.	2.46875
78731526	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEGOBARI%20Act	MEGOBARI Act	The MEGOBARI Act (short for Mobilizing and Enhancing Georgia's Options for Building Accountability, Resilience, and Independence Act) is a proposed United States federal law introduced by bipartisan members of Congress, including U.S. Helsinki Commission Chairman Rep. Joe Wilson. The legislation aims to strengthen democratic practices, human rights, and the rule of law in Georgia while countering authoritarian influences, particularly from Russia. The bill's name, "MEGOBARI", meaning "friend" in Georgian (), aims to describe a strong partnership between the United States and the Georgian people. Chairman Wilson stated that the act reflects the US commitment to supporting Georgia's Euro-Atlantic aspirations and ensuring government accountability to its citizens and democratic principles. Background This bill is a legislative response to Georgia's adoption of the Russian-style "foreign agents" law ("On Transparency of Foreign Influence") in May 2024. The proposed bill calls for a comprehensive review of U.S.-Georgia relations, support for the Georgian people's pro-Western aspirations, and accountability for individuals involved in anti-democratic actions in the country, including members of the ruling Georgian Dream party.	2.109375
78732185	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/ALQ-153	AN/ALQ-153	AN/ALQ-153 is an airborne Pulse-doppler tail warning radar for detecting missiles, protecting B-1B Lancer and B-52H Stratofortress aircraft. It replaced the AN/ALQ-127, introducing a solid-state transmitter, frequency-agile waveform and digital processing using non-scanning antennas that have low backlobes. The ALQ-153 was originally manufactured by Westinghouse (now Northrop Grumman). History Installed on B-52 aircraft at Barksdale Air Force Base, ten test flights were flown in May and June 1981. During these tests, totaling 39 hours, there were four failures with a mean-time-between-failure (MTBF) rate of 9.75 hours. Technical Description Features Although primarily used for missile defense, the ALQ-153 could accurately warn of aircraft threats as well providing continuous range and time-to-intercept indications on the control indicator. When a missile is detected, an audible tone is transmitted to the electronic warfare officer (EWO) allowing him/her to respond with the proper countermeasures. Components The ALQ-153 consists of six line replaceable units (LRUs), with a total size of 2.36 cubic feet weighing 138 pounds. The LRUs include: Two antennas Radar receiver/transmitter (RT) Analog Data Signal Processor (ADSP) Digital Data Signal Processor (DDSP) Control indicator Signal Data Converter	2.078125
78732564	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahl%20%28god%29	Kahl (god)	Kahl becomes a prominent god in this place in the 2nd century BC, and the city goes on to become the primarily associated with the worship of Kahl. Out of all the names the place went by, Qaryatum dhāt Kāhilim, or "the City [of the god] Kahl" was most common. Kahl himself is regularly called khlm bʿl qrytm, or "Kāhlum, the Lord of Qarytum", reflecting the relationship between him and the city. From the 2nd century BC until the 1st century AD, Kahl appears on many coins from this site where the letters of the name are combined into a single artistic unit (a monogram). These coins can contain text that refers to Kahl as "Lord Kahl" (Baʿl Kahl). The coins, in addition to some figurines and rock carvings, present a consistent anthropomorphic image that has been speculatively connected with Kahl: this image shows a standing figure with his right arm holding a weapon, perhaps a club, over his right shoulder, and with a protruding left arm. This is consistent with notions and poses of the smiting god or menacing god known from West Asian and East Mediterranean deities, such as Resheph. Marib Kahl is mentioned along with the god Almaqah in a few inscriptions around the area of the Awwam Temple, including ZI 11 and Sh 31/33 where Kahl may occupy connotations of a solar deity. The latter reads:b‐ʾlmqhw bʿl ʾwm w‐b‐rbʿ‐hmw rmn w‐b‐šms‐hmw khlm w‐bʿlt nʿmn	2.390625
78732778	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabella%20Page%20Rodman	Arabella Page Rodman	Arabella Page Rodman (, Page; known after marriage as Mrs. Willoughby Rodman; 1868–1955) was an American civic leader, author, and philanthropist. Associated with organizations for the civic betterment of conditions for children and other public and semi-public philanthropic movements, she established the world's first playground commission in Los Angeles. She was one of the leading speakers on various phases of recreational, vocational, and other social agencies. Early life and education Arabella Page was born in Memphis, Tennessee, September 19, 1868. Her parents were John Clifford Page and Ann Arabella Page. Both parents had the same family name but no blood relationship. They were cousins of Thomas Nelson Page, the author. Rodman was of Colonial and Revolutionary ancestry. Her grandfather, John Page from London, England, settled in Virginia. Rodman's father was president of the Jockey Club in Memphis. She graduated from St. Mary's Episcopal School, Memphis, Tennessee, in June 1885. Career Prior to the biennial meeting of the General Federation of Women's Clubs held in Los Angeles, California, in May 1902, Rodman's civic activity had been confined to work in connection with the public schools, she having been instrumental in causing the collection of a fund for the purchase of pictures and statues for school rooms. The result of this meeting was not only to stimulate general work among these clubs, but to suggest opportunities and methods for specific practical work. Soon after the convention, and as its direct result, the Out-Door Art League of the American Civic Association was organized. Of this, Rodman was a member from the start. She was president of the Los Angeles Civic Association in 1904. She was for three years district chair of civics of the Federated Clubs, and later, California state chair.	2.59375
78733051	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvine%20Lifeboat%20Station	Irvine Lifeboat Station	The third boat to be placed at Irvine was the 34-foot self-righting lifeboat Busbie (ON 168) in 1887. The lifeboat was provided from the legacy of Henry Ritchie Cooper Wallace of Busbie and Cloncaird. The Busbie recorded 33 lives saved in just 4 services between 1887 and 1898. The boat was replaced in 1898 by a 37-foot Self-righting (P&S) lifeboat, built by Thames Ironworks of Blackwall, London. The lifeboat was funded from the bequest of the late Mr. George Pike Nicholls, of Southgate, Middlesex, and was named in memory of his late mother, Jane Anne (ON 417). Notable Rescues In hurricane conditions blowing from the north-west on 29 December 1894, the Irvine lifeboat Busbie was launched to the aid of the Norwegian ship Frey, in distress near Lady Isle, off Troon harbour. In the conditions, it had been impossible to get the lifeboat out of the harbour, but in full-sail, the Irvine lifeboat arrived in 30 minutes. On arrival, 16 crewmen of the Frey jumped into the water, and were hauled into the lifeboat one-by-one. Opting to land at Troon, the lifeboat was near the beach, when it was overwhelmed by large waves, and the Coxswain and 3 or 4 others were swept out of the boat. When the lifeboat self-righted, all regained the boat, except one Norwegian who had been swept away. 70-year-old Coxswain David Sinclair was awarded the RNLI Silver Medal. Closure With lifeboats still at the flanking stations of , and , and following the report of the Deputy Chief Inspector of Lifeboats, at a meeting of the RNLI committee of management on Thursday 2 April 1914, the decision was taken to close Irvine Lifeboat Station.	2.1875
78733370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermolao%20Barbaro%20%28died%201556%29	Ermolao Barbaro (died 1556)	Ermolao (Almorò) Barbaro ( – 3 November 1556) was a Venetian patrician, diplomat, governor and officer in the Venetian navy. Barbaro was born around 1493 to Alvise (Luigi) Barbaro and Cassandra Trevisan. His paternal grandfather was Zaccaria Barbaro and his uncle and namesake was the famous humanist Ermolao Barbaro. He was a schoolboy when Desiderius Erasmus visited Venice. Erasmus mentions in letter 611 how Ulrich von Hutten was welcomed to Venice in 1516 by Barbaro and Giambattista Egnazio. There is, however, no later evidence of Barbaro's continuing literary or humanistic interests. Barbaro's first public post was in the maritime customs office (ufficio della doana da mar), to which he was elected in September 1515. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Council of Forty (1516) and the Savi agli Ordini (1518). In September 1525, he was elected to the Savi. In February 1526, he was elected sopracomito (commander) of a galley. He was reelected to the Savi in April 1527, but had to step down in July to go to Alexandria, probably on business. During the War of the League of Cognac, Barbaro was reelected to the Savi in March 1528. He was soon given 25 soldiers and responsibility for the defence of one of the gates of Verona against the Emperor Charles V. He was in Verona in June, but by September he was back in Venice introducing a law in the Senate. In July 1529, he was the sopracomito of a galley in the fleet of Captain General Girolamo da Ca' da Pesaro. He was sent to Koper (Capodistria) to defend it from the Spanish. In September, he relayed a message to the provveditore Giovanni Vitturi in Trani and brought back a message to Venice. In December, he was dispatched to Zakynthos (Zante). In April 1530, he was with his ship in Heraklion (Candia) in need of repairs.	1.976563
78733378	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Luis%20Estrada	José Luis Estrada	Writing career Estrada was also a writer and poet, and in 1952, he founded the magazine La Caracola; some sources state that he directed it until 1975, while others state that its direction was given to Fernadez Canivell. Either way, this magazine transcended the provincial scope, obtaining the collaboration of the most famous celebrities of the moment and becoming one of the best Spanish poetry magazines. He also stood out for his poetic work, with the best works of his collections of poems being Intimidad (1939); Llantos del cautiverio (1939), both about his stay in prison during the Spanish Civil War, between 1936 and 1939; Fuente de oro (1940); Corte y cortijo (1942); and "Poems of the Holy Week of Málaga" (1970), in collaboration with Baltasar Peña Hinojosa. He published his poems in numerous Spanish and American magazines. Estrada also devoted himself to research work, focused on the recovery of the history of Malaga, in books such as the "History of Coín" (1965), carried out with Alberto Massena; and his Efemérides malagueñas (1970), published the previous year in the daily Diario Sur, which was a very important work for Malaga. He also wrote the "Catalogue of Malaga" (1973), where he compiled data, background information on positions, entities, corporations and societies of all kinds. In 1956, Estrada was appointed as the president of the , a position that he held for 19 years, until 1975. Among other decorations, he is in possession of the Grand Cross of Civil Merit. Death Estrada died in Málaga on 23 February 1976, at the age of 69, and now has a street in that city named after him.	2.46875
78733379	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s%20Estrada%20%28footballer%29	Tomás Estrada (footballer)	Tomás Estrada del Río (1888 – unknown) was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder for Recreativo de Huelva and Madrid FC in the early 20th century. He was also a cartoonist, scriptwriter, painter, graphic humorist in the local press. Early life Tomás Estrada was born in Huelva in 1888, as the son of Tomás Estrada Mojarro (1865–?) and Marina Del Río Collado (1865–?). He was the eldest of three siblings, Cinta (1892–?) and Cristobal (1899–?). Sporting career Estrada began his football career with his hometown club Recreativo de Huelva, going through the different ranks of the club until reaching the first team in 1905, aged 16. Together with William Waterson, Antonio Tellechea, Ángel Padilla, and Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, he was a member of the Huelva squad that participated in the 1906 Copa del Rey, which was contested by only three teams, the other two being Athletic Bilbao and Madrid FC (currently known as Real Madrid), with the latter winning it. On 7 February 1909, the local press reported on Club Español de Madrid's invitation to Estrada from Huelva to play some matches with them, taking advantage of the fact that he was studying to be a draughtsman in the Spanish capital. Madrid FC was quick to notice this too, and made the same invitation, and thus, Estrada played on loan for Madrid FC, starting in a total of four matches during the 1909–10 season, two in the first edition of the friendly tournament Copa Rodríguez Arzuaga (won by Gimnástica), and the other two in the 1910 Copa del Rey (UECF). On the latter occasion, Madrid played with four players from Huelva, the other three being the Pérez de Guzmán brothers (Paco, Luís, José).	2.046875
78733529	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Zein%20family	El Zein family	It is said that Zain Al-Abidin migrated from Medina to Egypt and then to Syria. He was one of Saladdin's commanders during his campaign in Palestine and Syria in 1178, alongside Prince Abi Al-Qasim Al-Hasani, who was in charge of managing the coast of Tyre. At the same time, Hossam Al-Din Bishara, Saladdin's nephew, was the ruler of the Beshara region (South Lebanon), while Zain Al-Abidin was made governor of the Tebnine fortress. Zein Al-Din El Zein One of Zein Al-Abidin's descendants, Khalil bin Musa bin Yusuf El Zein, moved to the village of Shehour and settled there. One of his sons, Zein Al-Din El Zein, was born in Shehour in 1747. He was sent to Najaf in Iraq where he spent fifteen years studying jurisprudence and the science of Hadith. He returned to his hometown to engage in religious duties and community leadership but was martyred by the Ottoman governor Jazzar Pasha in 1773, who saw him as a threat, burning his library of over 3,000 volumes in the process. Zein Al-Din El Zein left behind five sons: Ali 'Al Kabir,' Muhammad, Yahya, Qasim, and Hassan. Role of Ali El Zein “Al Kabir” Ali El Zein "Al-Kabir", known as the "Proprietor of Shehour", administered local affairs in cooperation with the governors of Acre during Ottoman rule after succeeding his father Zein Al-Din El Zein's leadership. The Sublime Porte (Ottoman central authority) entrusted him with local governance management in exchange for an annual tax payment. Ali El Zein's authority extended from the city of Sidon to Naqoura along the coast, and from Shehour to Baraachit in the mountains.	2.515625
78733578	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor%20Golubtsov	Fyodor Golubtsov	At the end of August 1807, Fyodor Golubtsov, who was also the state treasurer, was appointed as the head of the Ministry of Finance. He officially received the post of minister only in 1809. Before this, in 1808, he transformed the Expedition on State Revenues: its 1st, 2nd and 4th Expeditions were united, and on the basis of the 3rd and 5th in 1809, the State Expedition for Auditing Accounts was established – a single financial control body of the civil department. Under Golubtsov, rules were issued on the audit of state accounts and internal loans (the first internal state loan was carried out in 1809). The finance committee (formed in 1806 and existing until 1917) took direct part in the development of the state's financial policy and, to some extent, in the development of the ministry's management structure. The activities of this committee until 1906 were completely secret and closed to the general public. Formed to review the state budget and eliminate the budget deficit, it simultaneously dealt with all problems of state finances that were posed to the minister of finance and the State Audit Office. As the highest interdepartmental body with special powers attached to it, the committee could facilitate the implementation of the measures proposed by the minister of finance. The members of this secret institution developed rules for all loans, both internal and external, and also monitored the circulation of funds and were engaged in the development of state credit. For most of his term, even without being officially appointed minister of finance, Fyodor Golubtsov (as State Treasurer) largely simply carried out decisions made by the finance committee.	2.171875
78733617	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Panther%20Creek	Battle of Panther Creek	The Confederate force would retreat roughly 20 miles to the Green River near Ashbyburg, Kentucky. Here they forded the river waiting for another Union attack that never came. The 10th Kentucky Partisan Rangers would later on be absorb by General John Hunt Morgan and participate in more action throughout the war. Meanwhile, the 4th Indiana Legion would retire back to Indiana after the battle and wouldn't see anymore action throughout the war. On the other hand, some men from Netter's 15th Kentucky Cavalry would join Colonel Quintus Shanks and his 12th Kentucky Cavalry. These men would become known as "Netter's Avengers". Owensboro, Kentucky would still see its fair share of chaos after September, 1862. Recruitment of United States Colored Troops in town and the 100th, 109th, and 118th United States Colored Infantry as well as the 5th and 6th United States Colored Cavalry went on to service in the war. Owensboro would also see Captain Bill "Bloody-Handed" Davison burn the towns courthouse on January 4, 1865.	2.1875
78733923	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel%20Pie	Wheel Pie	Wheel Pie, also known as Wheel Cake (), is a popular Taiwanese dessert that consists of a round, pancake-like pastry filled with sweet or savory fillings. It is commonly found in night markets, street stalls, and bakeries throughout Taiwan. The dessert is named for its round, wheel-like shape, which resembles the spokes of a wheel. In addition to Taiwan, wheel pies have gained popularity in various other countries around the world, including Singapore, United States, Vietnam, France, and United Kingdom. History Wheel pies are believed to have originated from the Japanese dessert Imagawayaki (今川焼き), which was introduced to Taiwan during the Japanese colonial era (1895–1945). While influenced by its Japanese counterpart, wheel pies have since evolved to include distinctly Taiwanese flavours and adaptations, setting them apart from Imagawayaki. The dessert has become a staple snack enjoyed by people of all ages in Taiwan. Although wheel pies share similarities with the Japanese Imagawayaki, they have developed distinct characteristics that reflect Taiwanese culinary culture. Taiwanese wheel pies are often smaller in size, and feature a wider variety of fillings, including both sweet and savory options, which are less common in Japan. Additionally, Taiwanese vendors frequently experiment with modern flavors, such as matcha, salted egg yolk custard, and mochi, making wheel pies a more versatile snack. The cooking methods and batter recipes may also differ slightly, with Taiwanese versions favoring softer and fluffier textures compared to the denser Japanese Imagawayaki. Preparation Wheel pies are made using a pancake batter poured into a circular mold on a specialized griddle. The batter is cooked until it forms a golden-brown shell. A generous amount of filling is added to the center, and another layer of batter is poured on top before the two halves are sealed together. The result is a fluffy, round pastry with a rich filling.	2.015625
78734134	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbert%20of%20Metz%20%28writer%29	Adalbert of Metz (writer)	Adalbert of Metz () was the compiler of the Speculum Gregorii, a selection of Latin excerpts from Gregory the Great's Moralia in Job. What little is known of Adalbert comes from two sources, his Speculum and his epitaph. In the prologue of the Speculum, he calls himself a deacon. In the epilogue, he calls himself a monk and priest. His epitaph, composed by Gerbert of Aurillac, says that he was of noble origin and died young on 12 February. The date of his death is given variously as 962 or about 980. In the 16th century, Johannes Trithemius identified his monastery as . Adalbert was inspired to compose the Speculum ('Mirror')—a title he chose—by conversations with his friend Hermann, to whom he dedicated the work. He selected 193 excerpts for inclusion. His criteria of selection were moral and topical. He gave each excerpt a heading of his own devising, divided the work into four books and provided a table of contents. There are several known manuscripts but no critical edition, although there is a published study of one 15th-century copy. One manuscript, produced in France around 970, was already at Christ Church Canterbury before the century's end, when a copy was a made. The French copy wound up in the library of Salisbury Cathedral while the Canterbury copy found its way to Trinity College, Cambridge.	2.484375
78734631	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnocalycium%20angelae	Gymnocalycium angelae	Gymnocalycium angelae is a species of cactus in the genus Gymnocalycium, endemic to Argentina. Description Gymnocalycium angelae is a solitary cactus with a pale to medium green, flattened, spherical stem that is smooth and shiny. It grows up to 10 cm tall and 8 cm in diameter. The stem has 7–10 broad, flat, and bluntly rounded ribs that are transversely furrowed, with oval areoles bearing whitish wool. The plant lacks central spines but has 7 yellow marginal spines that turn gray with age, each 1.5–2 cm long. The broad, funnel-shaped flowers are white with a pinkish-red throat at the base of the tube, measuring up to 5 cm in diameter and 4 cm long. Fruits are elongated, green, and reach 3 cm in length. Seeds are globose, reddish-brown, and measure about 2 mm in width. The species has 2n = 22 chromosomes. Distribution This cactus is native to the rocky slopes of Paraje Tres Cerros in the San Martín Department, Corrientes Province, Argentina. It often grows alongside Frailea schilinzkyana and Cereus hildmannianus subsp. uruguayensis. Taxonomy The species was first described in 1998 by Massimo Meregalli. The specific epithet angelae honors Angeles Graciela López de Kiesling, the former wife of Argentine botanist Roberto Kiesling.	1.914063
78734883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown%20King%20Elementary%20School%20District	Crown King Elementary School District	Crown King Elementary School District 41 is a school district in Crown King, a community in Yavapai County, Arizona. It has one school, Crown King Elementary School, a K-8 school. The facility is in a one room schoolhouse. History In 1894 the first educational institution of the community was organized. A boarding house was its center of operations. The school began operations in 1906. Initially, Union Hall served as the location of operations. A permanent school facility opened in 1916. In 1938 the district began leasing property used for the school district from the Philadelphia Mining Company. In January 1976 there were nine students, and the district paid the tuition costs of two other students. That year, a referendum for the district to buy the land housing the school facility and some additional land successfully passed. All 24 voters who participated in the referendum supported the decision. In the 1976-1977 school year there were five students, and there were to be three students for fall 1977. At the time, the board of trustees had three members, and Douglas Melvold of The Arizona Republic noted both student and board trustee numbers were the same. Enrollment went up to the 20s in the 1980s when a mine began operations again, and as a result two rooms in the school were used for classes. Its peak enrollment in its history was 21, during that decade. In 1987, there was controversy over the name of the school book club, "666," and members of the board of trustees had religious objections to it. All members resigned their posts at the same time in light of the controversy. Enrollment declined again in the 1990s. By 1998 the school received around two to three renovations, according to PhD thesis author Vinson E. Greer.	2.453125
78734995	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2092206	HD 92206	HD 92206 is a Henry Draper Catalogue designation given to a collection of stars in the southern constellation of Carina. It consists of two systems; HD 92206AB, where component A is itself a spectroscopic binary; and the trinary HD 92206C. They are the brightest stars in NGC 3324 and the ionizing stars of the associated emission nebula Gum 31 (IC 2599). The relationship between AB and C is disputed: some state that they are all part of a singular multiple star system, whereas others treat AB and C as neighboring star systems that together "form a compact group." All of their components are young (age ≲1 Myr), massive OB stars near the zero-age main sequence. Two other objects, HD 92206A2 and C2, have been discovered in the immediate vicinity, which are both likely less massive late-type stars based on their X-ray profile. Stellar components HD 92206AB HD 92206A and B comprise a wide binary system, separated by 5".4. They have both been given the spectral type of O6.5V, indicating they are both energetic O-type main-sequence stars each radiating a bolometric luminosity about 170,000 times the Sun's. Despite this, A appears almost a magnitude brighter than B, thus it has been suggested that A could be a spectroscopic binary between two similar O6.5V stars. In 2014, an X-ray source, designated HD 92206A2, was identified just 0".83 (distance ~1900 AU) from A, which emits hard X-rays i.e., X-rays with a high photon energy at 5.17 keV (wavelength 0.240 nm), as opposed to the soft (low-energy) X-rays released by late O-type stars like A, B, and C. Unless it is highly reddened, this is thought to be a young (~1 Myr old) star with a mass of 0.5–1 , producing X-rays in its corona.	1.9375
78735336	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard%20Farm	Orchard Farm	Orchard Farm is a Cotswold farm and country house in Broadway, Worcestershire, England. It is a Grade II* listed building and is at the centre of a private estate. The house was restored and extended twice during the early 20th century. History Wool merchants built Orchard Farm around 1620. Nearly a century later, in 1720, the Walker family restored and expanded the house, keeping with the traditional style. In the 19th century, the estate fell upon ill fortune and was divided into two smaller dwellings, until the farm was acquired by Lady Maud Bowes-Lyon. Bowes-Lyon hired architect A. N. Prentice to restore the residence, expand the home, and design an English garden around the property. Thomas E. Wells purchased the farm in 1904 and hired artist Alfred Parsons to redesign the gardens. In 1910, Wells died at the estate; the funeral was held at the home, conducted by Francis Xavier Morgan, and attended by then 18-year-old J. R. R. Tolkien. In 1945, nearly 9 acres of arable fields and orchards owned by Orchard Farm were compulsorily purchased under the Housing Acts 1936 to 1944 to provide extra houses for the village. Orchard Farm remained in the Wells family until 1953, when Professor and Mrs. Goiten purchased the estate. The house has since been split into two separate houses and the barns and outbuildings have also been converted into independent homes. Notable residents Lady Maud Bowes-Lyon Thomas E. Wells	1.929688
78735671	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Shope	Mark Shope	Honours In August 2002, the post-apartheid ANC government of Tzaneen Local Municipality announced that the town would be renamed Mark Shope in Shope's honor. The renaming encountered strident resistance from the opposition Democratic Alliance and some members of the local community, and the National Geographical Names Council ultimately rejected the renaming, finding that it was not necessary because the name Tzaneen carried no racist political connotation. Observers linked the local opposition to tribalistic rejection of Shope's Tsonga name by Sotho residents. On 10 December 2002, South African president Thabo Mbeki admitted Shope posthumously to the Order of the Baobab, Gold. He received the award for his "exceptional contribution to the struggle against apartheid and the development of the labour movement." Personal life Shope had three children from his first marriage: George, who died while a student, and politicians Ntombi and Sheila. In 1957, during the Treason Trial, he married his second wife, Gertrude Shope, with whom he had three more children: politician Lyndall and diplomats Lenin and Thaninga. His family joined him in exile in 1966.	2.28125
78735702	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V.%20M.%20Obaidullah	V. M. Obaidullah	V. M. Obaidullah Sahib (2 May 1905–21 February 1958) was an Indian political leader from Tamil Nadu known for his active participation in the Indian independence movement. Born on May 2, 1905, in Vellore to Madhar Batcha Sahib and Rabiya Basri, he came from a middle-class merchant family involved in the betel-nut trade. Involvement in the Indian independence movement Obaidullah was an early supporter of the Swadeshi Movement, organizing protests and encouraging economic self-reliance. He later joined the Khilafat Movement in 1920, where he worked to foster Hindu-Muslim unity and participated in significant public gatherings advocating for the cause like Nagpur Flag Agitation (1923): Obaidullah was actively involved in the agitation and was sentenced to one year of rigorous imprisonment for his participation Anti-Simon Commission Protests (1928): As part of the opposition to the Simon Commission, he led demonstrations in North Arcot, famously challenging the police to shoot him during one of the rallies. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930): He traveled across Tamil Nadu to mobilize public support and was imprisoned for 18 months for his involvement. Salt Satyagraha: Obaidullah participated in the Chennai chapter of the Salt Satyagraha alongside leaders such as Kodai Idi Kuppusamy Mudaliar, receiving widespread support from local communities during the march. Quit India Movement (1942): As Vice President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee, Obaidullah played a pivotal role in mobilizing rural participation in the Quit India Movement. He was subsequently arrested and imprisoned for 26 months under the Defence of India Act.	2.3125
78735714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizo%20names	Mizo names	Nicknames Mizos often shorten names, whether they have two or three syllables. For example, "Malsawma" may be abbreviated to "Mala" or "Sawma." However, the gender-affix must still be included when addressing someone. Full names are rarely used, as calling someone by their full name is considered rude, and parents usually reserve it for when they're angry with their child. Endearments are more frequently used, with terms like "Mama" or "Mami" for the eldest or only child, and others like "Bawihte," "Mate," or "Tete" (te meaning small or little) being added to names, as seen in "Sawmte" or "Sawmpui." Honorifics In Mizo culture, titles like "Pu" and "Pi" are used to show respect and are typically given to older individuals or those of high stature, though they can also indicate someone who is married. "U" (pronounced like "oo" in "moo") is another respectful title used when addressing someone who is at least one year older, such as "U Sawmte" or "U Sawmpui." Additionally, "Ka u" (lit. 'my sibling') is used when introducing an elder sibling or cousin. For unmarried young people, "tlangval" is used for boys and "nula" for girls. For older unmarried individuals, "pa" is used for males and "nu" for females.	2.609375
78735890	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalrympelea%20calciphila	Dalrympelea calciphila	Dalrympelea calciphila is a plant in the family Staphyleaceae. It is native to Borneo. Description Dalrympelea calciphila grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is yellow and flaky. The leathery leaves are elliptic to ovate and measure up to long and up to wide. The are in . Taxonomy Dalrympelea calciphila was first described as Turpinia calciphila in 1994 by the botanist Joan Pereira in the journal Sandakania. In 2010, botanist A. T. Nor-Ezzawanis transferred the species to the genus Dalrympelea. The type specimen was collected on Mount Api in Borneo. The specific epithet calciphila means 'lime-loving', referring to the species' limestone habitat. Distribution and habitat Dalrympelea calciphila is endemic to Borneo, where it is confined to Sarawak. Its habitat is on limestone screes, to elevations of . Conservation Dalrympelea calciphila has been assessed as endangered on the IUCN Red List. It is threatened by mining activities in the hills of Bau District. The species' presence in Gunung Buda, Gunung Mulu and Dered Krian national parks affords a level of protection.	2.515625
78736131	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templeton%20Hospital	Templeton Hospital	Experiences of residents A 2004 documentary film, called Out of Sight, Out of Mind and made by Christchurch film-maker Gerald Smyth told the story of Norman Madden who was sent to Templeton Hospital in 1940, aged six, 'for the 'crime' of being naughty and illiterate'. His admission papers were signed by Dr. Theodore Gray in 1934. At Templeton, Madden suffered physical and sexual abuse, was forced into work and denied his promised education. Smyth also followed Madden's campaign to receive a Government apology 'for the inhumane treatment he endured through his youth'. Smyth also interviewed several other former Templeton residents, after the home closed in 1996, some of whom had lived there for decades and had been sent there for equally spurious reasons, such as George Smith (1926-2003) who was admitted for stealing two pies in from a Riverton shop. George lived at Templeton Hospital for 60 years. Other Templeton survivors interviewed in the film who describe their inhumane treatment there include Maria Stewart, Rex Loveridge, Lilian Loveridge, Stella Dockery and Graham Cuszack. A Templeton Hospital resident, Jabert, lived there for most of his life, and described it in the publication 'Tell Me About You: A life story approach to understanding disabled people's experiences in care (1950 - 1999)'. Here David P. also told his story about life at Templeton Hospital, where he had his 21st. He called it 'The Dump' and was once put in a laundry bag by a staff member. Also in this publication is the account of 'Sarah', who had two brothers in state care, 'Paul' (placed in Templeton) and 'Ricky' (placed in the Nelson institution, Braemar). She tells her story of reconnecting with them and understanding their care through their records.	2.4375
78736499	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Hansen%20%28anarchist%29	Mary Hansen (anarchist)	In October 1910, Hansen participated in the founding of the Modern Sunday School, a Ferrer movement school hosted by the Philadelphia Radical Library. Located on 424 Pine Street, in the Jewish quarter of West Philadelphia, Hansen taught at the school and her daughter Heloise Hansen-Brown () was reportedly one of its best students. At the school, Hansen gained a reputation as a skilled poet and storyteller. According to the educator Alexis Ferm, she was also known for her amicable personality: "She had no mean qualities, no jealousies and so far as I could tell no hatreds. If the majority of people had her state of mind, there would be no wars, no jostling for position, no 'grab while the grabbing is good'". During the early 1910s, Hansen moved to the single tax community in Arden, Delaware, where she shared a cottage with Brown. Hansen was occasionally visited there by de Cleyre. de Cleyre told Hansen about her desire for a peaceful and quiet place to live, even finding herself yearning to return to an orderly life on a convent. de Cleyre also told her about the ongoing Mexican Revolution, which she described as a "genuine economic revolt, with the red flag for its standard". Following de Cleyre's death, in July 1912, Hansen contributed an article about her to a memorial issue of Mother Earth. de Cleyre's letters to Hansen were collected in the Joseph Ishill Collection in Harvard University. During her remaining years at Stelton, Hansen spoke frequently and lovingly of de Cleyre. In June 1916, Hansen was elected to the board of directors of the Modern School Association of North America. After her husband died, Hansen remained a member of the anarchist movement and developed her own work as a poet. In 1952, Mary Hansen died in her home in Stelton, New Jersey. Selected works A Catechism of Anarchy (Social Science Club; 1902) "Social Organism Again" (Free Society; February 1902) "Our Purpose" (Mother Earth; April 1906) "A Vision of Sacrifice" (Freedom; November 1907)	2.609375
78736953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang%20Branch%20of%20the%20Central%20Committee%20of%20the%20Chinese%20Communist%20Party	Xinjiang Branch of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party	The Xinjiang Branch of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (), or Xinjiang Branch of the CCP Central Committee, CCP Xinjiang Branch, served as the principal authority of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Xinjiang Province following its incorporation into the People's Republic of China. History A political agreement with the Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province, formed by the Nationalists and the former Second East Turkestan Republic, allowed the peaceful takeover of Xinjiang on September 25, 1949. On October 9, 1949, Peng Dehuai, the first secretary of the and commander and political commissar of the First Field Army, sent a telegram from Jiuquan to the CCP Central Committee requesting guidance on the establishment of the CCP's leadership organs in Xinjiang and presented a list of recommendations. On October 12, the CPC Central Committee directed Peng Dehuai and Gan Siqi, the director of the Political Department, to propose the formation of a subbranch as a component of the CCP's leadership organs in Xinjiang, and consented to appoint Wang Zhen as secretary. On November 7, 1949, the Xinjiang Branch of the CCP Central Committee was officially established. On October 1, 1955, the Xinjiang Branch was reinstated as the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Committee of the CCP. Key officials Secretary: Wang Zhen, Commander of the First Corps Deputy Secretary: Xu Liqing, Political Commissar of the First Corps Secretary-General: Deng Liqun, Commissioner of the CCP Central Committee, member of the Standing Committee of the Branch, head of the Publicity Department, secretary of the Youth Working Branch, and head of the Foreign Affairs Committee. On June 28, 1952, Wang Zhen was dismissed from his primary CCP roles, administration, and military due to the Xinjiang Branch's operations in the pastoral regions. The restructured Xinjiang Branch comprised the following officials:	2.390625
78737110	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%20Albeck-Gidron	Rachel Albeck-Gidron	Rachel Albeck-Gidron (Hebrew: רחל אלבק-גדרון) is a literature scholar and associate Professor in the Faculty of Jewish Studies at Bar-Ilan University. She has explored three chief subjects: 1. Interdisciplinary research integrating comparative literature, visual arts, and philosophy based on Leibniz’s Monadology theory; 2. Modern Hebrew literature starting in 1900 and; 3. Comparative probing of the Far East vis the Occident culture in literature, aesthetics, and philosophy, mainly in Yoel Hoffmann's works. 4. Textology; Theory of literary text’s genealogy; 5. Modern aspects of Ashkenazi pronunciation and rhythm in Modern Hebrew Literature. Biography Rachel Albeck-Gidron is the daughter of Shalom Albeck, a Mishpat Ivri professor at Bar-Ilan University, and Plia Albeck, head of the civil department at State Attorney. Her grandfather from her mother's side was Israel's second State Comptroller, Yitzhak Nebenzahl, Her grandfather, the Talmud scholar Hanoch Albeck, was from her father's side. She was raised in the Jewish Quarter, Old City of Jerusalem, and has two brothers and two sisters. She served in National Civil Service.	2.3125
78737162	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosamund%20Brunel%20Gotch	Rosamund Brunel Gotch	Rosamund Brunel Gotch (27 February 1864 – 22 January 1949) was an English stage costume designer, illustrator and writer. She was born Rosamund Brunel Horsley in Cranbrook, Kent, the youngest of four sons and three daughters. Her parents were the artist John Calcott Horsley and his second wife Rosamund Haden, sister of the etcher Seymour Haden. She was named Brunel after her uncle by marriage Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Her brother Victor Horsley became famous as a surgeon and neuropathologist. Her elder sister Frances (aka Fanny Marion, later Lady Whitelegge, 1859–1949) married the doctor and occupational health pioneer Sir Arthur Whitelegge. Rosamund married the Oxford neurophysiologist Francis Gotch at St. Margaret's Church, Westminster on 15 December 1887. They lived at 'The Lawn', 89 Banbury Road in Oxford. As an illustrator she contributed a frontispiece and twenty plates of human hand lithographs to Edward Heron-Allen's chirognomy and cheiromancy manual A Manual of Cheirosophy (1900). Francis Gotch died in 1913. Later in life she worked for many years as a stage costume designer, dressing over 160 productions at the Royal College of Music's Parry Theatre, including three operas by Vaughan Williams: Hugh the Drover (1924), The Shepherds of the Delectable Mountains (1925) and Sir John in Love (1929). She became a friend of Vaughan Williams and Hugh Allen. Gotch wrote two books connected to her family history. In 1934 she edited for publication a collection of the letters of Fanny and Sophy Horsley, daughters of the composer William Horsley, between 1833 and 1836, recalling events at No. 1, High Row, Kensington Gravel Pits (now 128 Kensington Church Street) at a time when Felix Mendelssohn was a frequent visitor. Rosamund Gotch grew up in the same house. The second book was a biography of her great-great-aunt by marriage Maria, Lady Callcott.	2.3125
78737165	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS%20Vineta%20%281863%29	SMS Vineta (1863)	SMS Vineta was a member of the of steam frigates built for the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s and early 1860s. The class comprised five ships, and were the first major steam-powered warships ordered for the Prussian Navy. Design In the immediate aftermath of the First Schleswig War against Denmark, Prince Adalbert began drawing up plans for the future of the Prussian Navy; he also secured the Jade Treaty that saw the port of Wilhelmshaven transferred to Prussia from the Duchy of Oldenburg, and which provided the Prussian fleet with an outlet on the North Sea. Adalbert called for a force of three screw frigates and six screw corvettes to protect Prussian maritime trade in the event of another war with Denmark. Design work was carried out between 1854 and 1855, and the first two ships were authorized in November 1855; a further pair was ordered in June 1860, and the final member of the class was ordered in February 1866. Vineta was long overall and had a beam of and a draft of forward. She displaced as designed and at full load. The ship had short forecastle and sterncastle decks. Her superstructure consisted primarily of a small deckhouse aft. She had a crew of 35 officers and 345 enlisted men. Her propulsion system consisted of a single horizontal single-expansion steam engine driving a single screw propeller, with steam supplied by four coal-burning fire-tube boilers. Exhaust was vented through a single funnel located amidships. Vineta was rated to steam at a top speed of , but she significantly exceeded this speed, reaching from . The ship had a cruising radius of about at a speed of . To supplement the steam engine on long voyages abroad, she carried a full-ship rig with a total surface area of . The screw could be retracted while cruising under sail. Vineta was armed with a battery of twenty-eight 68-pounder guns. By 1869, she had been rearmed with a battery of seventeen RK L/22 guns and two K L/23 guns. Service history	2.453125
78737281	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijapur%20war%20with%20Mysore	Bijapur war with Mysore	Bijapur–Mysore War (1652–1654) was a series of warfare between the Sultunate of Bijapur and the kingdom of Mysore around the middle of seventeenth century. This conflict, which took place in the years 1652 to 1654, ended as a resounding success for the sultans of the Bijapur Sultanate, owing chiefly, however, to Muhammad Khan, Shahaji Siddi Masud and his army’s efforts. The forces of Mysore under the command of Kanthirava Narasaraja I suffered a series of unfortunate incidents, including, the decapitation of the commander Dasarajaiya and the death of Balaji Habitrao. The surrender of Siddi Haiban of Mysore to the Bijapur Sultanate. In the end Kanthirava Narasaraja I himself submitted to Bijapur Sultanate becoming a tributary. Prelude Kanthirava's Teritorial Conquests Kanthirava Narasaraja, known for his ambitious military endeavors, capitalized on Shahaji's absence in Kanakasiri to expand his influence by subduing the territories surrounding Bangalore. His pillaging expeditions clearly reflected his determined effort to drive the Muslims out of Mysore.	2.25
78737372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20posterior%20cruciate%20ligament%20sign	Double posterior cruciate ligament sign	The double posterior cruciate ligament sign (double PCL sign) is a radiological finding seen on magnetic resonance imaging of the knee, specifically in the context of a bucket-handle tear of the medial meniscus. It refers to the appearance of a duplicated posterior cruciate ligament, where the displaced fragment of the torn medial meniscus lies parallel and inferior to the PCL, mimicking a second ligament. The double PCL sign has high specificity for meniscal tears when noted on MRI. Pathophysiology A bucket-handle tear is a specific type of longitudinal meniscal tear in which a fragment of the torn meniscus displaces toward the intercondylar notch of the knee. The displaced fragment often remains attached at its anterior and posterior horns but flips centrally into the notch. This displacement causes the torn meniscal fragment to align closely and parallel to the PCL, resulting in the appearance of a "double PCL" on sagittal MRI sequences. Imaging characteristics The double PCL sign is best observed on sagittal T2-weighted or proton density-weighted MRI images. Key features include: Duplicated PCL Appearance: The native PCL appears as a curvilinear low-signal intensity structure in its typical anatomical location.The displaced meniscal fragment appears as a second parallel low-signal structure inferior to the PCL. Meniscal tear: Evidence of a longitudinal tear, often in the medial meniscus. Joint effusion: Joint effusion may be present, often associated with acute injury. Bone contusions: Sometimes seen in traumatic injuries causing bucket-handle tears.	2.109375
78737818	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture%20of%20Wasit	Capture of Wasit	The Capture of Wasit occurred in 834 CE when the Zutt seized the strategic city of Wasit in Iraq during their rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate. The Zutt, originally from the Indus Valley region, had established dominance over the marshlands between Wasit and Basra. Background The Zutt were a Jat tribe of lower Indus Valley (Pakistan) origin who migrated to Iraq and initially served as mercenaries under the Umayyads and Abbasids. Over time, they gained control over the marshlands between Wasit and Basra, using the region as a base for raids. Their rebellion escalated during the reign of al-Ma'mun. The Capture In 834, the Zutt launched an offensive and captured the city of Wasit, overpowering Abbasid defenses. They effectively controlled the surrounding marshes and fortified their position against Abbasid counterattacks. The Zutt exploited their knowledge of the terrain, using the marshes to ambush Abbasid forces. Aftermath The capture of Wasit by the Zutts had significant long-term consequences for the region and the Abbasid Caliphate. After their victory, the Zutts established an independent rule in Wasit and the surrounding areas. The Abbasids, while initially caught off guard by the speed and effectiveness of the Zutt offensive, eventually responded with efforts to reclaim the lost territories.	3.0625
78737952	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etienne%20Gasqueton	Etienne Gasqueton	Initially, the three eldest brothers took turns as the club's president; for instance, when VGAM made a tour to the north of the Iberian Peninsula in March 1911, playing matches in Coruña, Vigo, and then Porto, the team's captain was not the eldest brother, Henri, but Etienne. Ahead of the match against FC Porto on 12 March, the Portuguese newspaper Os Sports Ilustrados stated that VGAM was the "strongest team of the southeast of France, having even defeated English teams this year", and described Henri as a 24-year-old midfielder, Edouard as a 19-year-old half-back, and "E. E. Gasqueton" as a 22-year-old forward and the team's captain. The club's football section affiliated with French Amateur Cycling Federation (FCAF), a minor federation in terms of football, which allowed Médoc to become its best team easily, comfortably winning a three-peat of FCAF championships between 1912 and 1914; in fact, the club even won the 1914 title without playing a single match. Nevertheless, these performances allowed the club to qualify for the Trophée de France, an inter-federation national competition organized by the CFI. Etienne played in the 1913 final on 18 May, starting as a forward alongside his brother Edouard (midfield), and it was one of his crosses that resulted in the opening goal of the match, but his team eventually lost 1–2 to CA Paris. In the following year, on 26 April, he started in the final of the 1914 Trophée de France, and even though they lost 4–1 to Olympique Lillois, he was described as one of the team's best players. In September 1919, the VGAM moved from the Puygalan estate to the Jard estate in Mérignac, which had been recently bought by the Capbern-Gasqueton family, who worked hard to organize, without telephone, football and field hockey matches at Jard, and likewise, in the 1920s and 1930s, major national and international football matches were organized there.	2.03125
78738742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbilicaria%20platyrhiza	Umbilicaria platyrhiza	Umbilicaria platyrhiza is a foliose lichen of the family Umbilicariaceae, classified within the Umbilicaria crustulosa – U. spodochroa species complex. It is endemic to the Mediterranean region, specifically found in lowland silicate rocks within the provinces of İzmir, Turkey, and Burgas, Bulgaria. Taxonomy Umbilicaria platyrhiza was described in 2022 by Evgeny Davydov as part of a broader study on the phylogeny of the Umbilicariaceae. It is differentiated from its closest relatives by the presence of umbilicaric acid, as opposed to crustinic acid found in similar species, and its unique apothecial (fruiting body) structure. Description The thallus of Umbilicaria platyrhiza is , meaning it attaches to the at a single central point, and , with a diameter of 2–4 cm and a thickness of 0.2–0.3 mm. Its upper surface ranges from pale to dark grey, occasionally displaying brown or violet tints, and is —giving it a frosted appearance. This surface is minutely cracked () and becomes rougher and partly radially folded towards the centre. The lower surface varies from dirty ochre-brown to grey-brown and darkens towards the centre, featuring to few times branched —root-like structures that are often flattened to strap-like and measure about 1 mm in length. Apothecia, the reproductive structures, are commonly found at the periphery of the thallus, initially flat but becoming convex with age. They feature a single central protruding of sterile tissue. are hyaline (translucent) and simple, measuring 14.0 to 20.0 by 9.0 to 17.5 μm. Chemical analysis reveals the presence of gyrophoric acid as the major component, with umbilicaric and lecanoric acids as minor constituents. Habitat and distribution This species grows on vertical siliceous rocks in maritime climates, benefiting from the moist conditions provided by its low-elevation Mediterranean habitats. It has only been documented in two locations: near Yamanlar Dağ in Turkey and in the Burgas region of Bulgaria.	2.34375
78738934	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randaula%20Khan%27s%20invasion%20of%20Mysore	Randaula Khan's invasion of Mysore	Despite strong resistance, the Muslim forces were ultimately overwhelmed by the superior military power of Mysore. Fortune favored the Mysoreans, who managed to rout the entire Muslim army, leaving many dead on the battlefield. This battle proved disastrous for the Muslims. Kanthirava, returning with the remnants of the army, entered the city in high spirits. The spoils of war were presented to King Kanthirava, who, celebrating the army's victory, rewarded the prominent chiefs and warriors with gifts. Randaula Khan, having lost hundreds of his best soldiers, along with numerous trained horses and elephants on the battlefield, could not bear the disgrace. Overcome with deep sorrow and regret, he returned to Hanumappa Nayaka and shared his grief and lamented his mistakes. Randaula Khan returned to Bijapur, his heart heavy due to the calamity that had befallen him. Source analysis The Kanthirava Narasaraja Vijayam, Chikkadevaraja Vamsavali, and other Kannada texts such as Hagalavadi Paleyagararu by M.S. Puttanna and K.N.V. (Chapter V, p. 14) clearly state that the Bijapur army was defeated. Additional references to this event are found in epigraphic evidence. A record from 1639, issued shortly after the battle, describes Kanthirava Narasa as "the destroyer of the demons, the race of yavanas." Another inscription calls him "God Narasimha incarnate, born on earth to destroy the Turushkas" and states that "when he went forth to war, the Mlechchas fell down in a swoon." These literary and epigraphic sources support the claim of Kanthirava's victory. Historians of South India, such as Wilks and S. Krishnaswamy Iyangar, relying on various sources, have generally accepted that the Bijapur army was repelled with heavy losses and that Kanthirava achieved an important victory. However, we now turn to additional sources that provide more insight into this event.	2.390625
78738955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizocarpon%20austroalpinum	Rhizocarpon austroalpinum	Rhizocarpon austroalpinum is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Rhizocarpaceae. This species can be recognised by its distinctive whitish to pale grey body (thallus) and its large, often partly sunken or barely raised fruiting structures (apothecia). It occurs in Australia. Taxonomy The species was described by the lichenologists Patrick M. McCarthy, John Elix, and Gintaras Kantvilas based on specimens collected by Kantvilas from Mount Pillinger in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park, at an elevation of . The species epithet austroalpinum alludes to the species' distribution in southern alpine regions. Description The thallus of Rhizocarpon austroalpinum is crustose and epilithic (on the rock surface), spreading up to approximately 5 cm in width, and typically off-white to medium greenish-grey. The thallus is 80–400 μm thick and composed of contiguous or scattered that are dull, smooth, and can be flat or moderately to strongly convex. These areoles may be angular to somewhat rounded, with a clearly defined that is 7–15 μm thick. Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are numerous, dull black, and round to irregular, often due to mutual pressure, measuring 0.43 to 1.38 mm in diameter. The apothecia are characterised by a thin to moderately thick , producing a deep red leachate when treated with potassium hydroxide solution, and a thick, dark ranging from 160 to 450 μm. The are hyaline, mostly submuriform (having internal septa arranged somewhat brick-like), and measure 18 to 37 by 9 to 17 μm. Habitat and distribution Rhizocarpon austroalpinum is known from cold and sun-exposed alpine regions in Tasmania and the Mount Kosciuszko area in New South Wales, where it typically grows on dolerite boulder.	2.5625
78739265	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethanienkirche	Bethanienkirche	From 1912 onwards, the new pastors Kurt Schröder and Otto Flor pushed ahead with the new construction of the Bethanienkirche. Originally planned for 1915, this was not carried out until 1928 due to the First World War. On 24 April 1928, a plot of land of around on Stieglitzstrasse was acquired. An architectural design competition was announced for a shared building with a church space with 750 seats, a parish hall, confirmation rooms, an office and a sacristan's apartment. From 59 designs submitted, the jury, which met on 10 and 11 December 1928, awarded first prize to the design by Leipzig architects Carl William Zweck and Hans Voigt, and their design was approved for implementation by the church council. After minor changes, the plans were approved by the Leipzig City Council on 26 October 1929. Construction began on 12 June 1931, the groundbreaking was on 11 October 1931, and the topping-out ceremony took place on 21 November 1931. On 8 May 1932, three bells from the Franz Schilling & Sons bell foundry in Apolda were brought in and combined with the bell of the interim church. After leaving the interim church on 22 January 1933, the new church was inaugurated by regional bishop Ludwig Ihmels on 29 January - one day before the seizure of power by the National Socialists in Germany. The parish rooms were inaugurated on 3 February 1933. During the Second World War, the copper sheeting of the roof had to be handed over first, then the three large bronze bells. On 20 February 1944, the church (church windows, tower clock, roof, organ) was badly damaged by a bomb explosion nearby. It could not be used until 1948. The repairs by Emil Hörtzsch and Herbert Wurz were completed in 1950.	2.109375
78739325	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivkh%20mythology	Nivkh mythology	Nivkh mythology is the mythology of the Nivkhs, a small nation living around upper Amur river and on Sakhalin. Individual folk tales (tylgund) were first recorded as oral tradition by B. O. Pilsudsky and published by L. Ya. Sternberg. Later, Nivkh folklore was collected and processed by A. Veselovsky, E. A. Kreinovich, G. A. Otaina, and V. Sangi. According to Veselovsky, the Nivkh epic had not yet been fully formed by the time it was studied; the opposite opinion is held by the Nivkh writer and folklore researcher Sangi. The latter wrote various Nivkh legends and tales in literary adaptations. The subject matter of Nivkh tales is quite characteristic: myths about the moon and the sun, tales about finding good luck and relationships with the other world. Despite the stories about battles with forest, mountain, taiga, underground peoples, in general the heroic component in mythology is absent. In addition to tylgund, there are also nastund - an improvisational myth, ker-aind - a short epic tale, and tales about animals. One of the legends recorded by Pilsundsky contains a story about a thing known in various mythologies as vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth.	2.359375
78739345	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20the%20Ries	Battle of the Ries	Engagement Louis probably first followed the Via Istrum on the right (south) bank of the Danube towards Alemannia, where Adalbert would have guarded the road. Adalbert was probably stationed on the left (west) bank of the river Lech, a southern tributary of the Danube. Louis would have crossed the Danube and headed north on the left (east) bank of the Wörnitz, effectively leaving three major rivers between himself and Adalbert. Learning of Louis's movements, Adalbert must have crossed the Danube and headed north on the opposite bank of the Wörnitz. The Ries contains numerous small rivers and streams that empty into the Wörnitz, which in turn flows into the Danube. Louis's intention was probably to force Adalbert to break up his army in many separate crossings, leaving him vulnerable to an ambush. This strategy is discussed in Vegetius' De re militari. The Annales Iuvavenses record that the battle took place "across the river Wörnitz" (ultra ripam Werinza). If this refers to the other side of the Wörnitz relative to Salzburg, where the annals were written, then it would seem that Louis crossed the river to surprise Adalbert. It is more likely, however, that Adalbert crossed to attack Louis. The battle took place on Friday, 13 May. Adalbert's forces were caught by surprise. They may have been ambushed him mid-crossing. According to the Annales Bertiniani, Louis's charged, presumably following a volley of arrows: "Louis then hurled his men on the troops which Lothar had stationed to resist him, slew many of them and put the rest to flight." The Annales Fuldenses record that Lothar's men, "arriving at the point of the lances", turned and fled. These contemporary reports indicate that Louis opened the fighting with a cavalry charge. According to the Annales Fuldenses, an "uncountable number of men" of Lothar were killed. Adalbert was among them. Aftermath Louis's Bavarian army stripped the slain of their valuable arms and armour. Thereafter, they formed the elite nucleus of his growing army.	2.515625
78739647	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass%20threepence	Brass threepence	The brass threepence, or "threepenny bit", was a twelve-sided British coin equivalent to of a pound. Struck between 1937 and 1967, with a final issue for collectors dated 1970, it was the first British coin that was not round. By the mid-1930s, the heavy weight of the bronze penny and its fractions had become issue for firms such as transport companies, that dealt with them in bulk. The silver threepence was unpopular in England due to its small size. The Royal Mint decided on a nickel-brass twelve-sided coin readily distinguishable from other coins due to its size, shape and colour. The initial reverse design, by Frances Madge Kitchener, of a thrift plant, was altered at the direction of the Royal Mint by Percy Metcalfe without Kitchener's knowledge, but threatened legal action by her was settled with a joint statement to the press. The new coin was slow to circulate when released to the public in 1937, but eventually gained the public's liking, so much so that the silver threepence was discontinued in 1945. A new design, with a crowned portcullis, was instituted for Elizabeth II's initial coinage in 1953. The coin continued in commerce until the decimalisation of the pound in 1971, after which it rapidly vanished from circulation and lost its status as legal tender after 31 August 1971.	2.5625
78739721	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Jacar%C3%A9%20%281823%29	Battle of Jacaré (1823)	The Battle of Jacaré (1823) was a minor engagement during the Brazilian War of Independence, between Portuguese loyalist cavalry under Cunha Fidié and pro–independence rebels from Piauí and Ceará. Background In January 1823, towns across the province of Piauí including Piracuruca, Oeiras, and Campo Maior, declared independence from Portuguese rule. The Portuguese military, led by Major João José da Cunha Fidié, was tasked with suppressing these separatist movements. After abandoning Parnaíba due to increasing resistance, Fidié launched a campaign to retake Oeiras, the provincial capital. On February 28, 1823, during his march from Parnaíba, Fidié's forces encountered a small contingent of 40-50 rebels positioned near the Lagoa do Jacaré. The rebels aimed to delay Fidié's advance and prevent his forces from regrouping and attacking the more significant resistance movements in Oeiras and Campo Maior. Battle The rebels took up defensive positions along the shores of Jacaré. Their goal was to delay Fidié's advances, hoping to block their superior forces, however, the rebels were quickly overwhelmed. Fidié's troops inflicted heavy losses on the rebel contingent, scattering the defenders. Aftermath After the victory, Fidié's troops continued their march toward Piracuruca and Campo Maior without significant delay. And 2 days later, Fidié would once again fight at the banks of the Jenipapo River.	2.421875
78739731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20and%20logistical%20aspects%20of%20the%20Napoleonic%20Wars	Economic and logistical aspects of the Napoleonic Wars	Two types of molds were used to cast the pieces. The oldest and most time-consuming system is that of the clay mold, which requires the manufacture of a "master" centered on a wooden rod, around which the shape of the tube is fashioned in hay and clay, and which is of one-time use since it must be destroyed before the metal is cast. The other, more modern and productive, is the sand mold, using a removable and reusable assembly of individual parts for the master. Attachments, such as handles for land parts or the breech knob (the ball at the rear of the barrel), are screwed onto barrel molds. The parts are then cast "solid", and the tubes are drilled, the barrel rotating around a fixed drill, a more precise system perfected by Swiss mechanic Jean Maritz, ensuring that the core of the part is perfectly centered and reamed, the bronze filings being immediately reloaded into the furnace, while the iron filings must be remelted. Next comes the drilling of the "lumen", through which the powder charge is ignited. The parts are then inspected and put through the "proof bench" to test their resistance to gunpowder before being delivered. Edged weapons and ceremonial weapons Established in 1730 by order of Louis XV, the bladed weapons factory in Klingenthal, Alsace, was the main supplier of this type of weapon to the French armies during the Revolution and Empire: during the imperial era, the "village-manufacture" boasted no fewer than forty forges. The brothers Jacques and Julien Coulaux were the directors. In 1803, Julien Coulaux took over administration on behalf of his brother, who founded the Mutzig firearms factory. In 1804, the Klingenthal factory became the "Manufacture Impériale d'armes blanches".	2.421875
78739731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20and%20logistical%20aspects%20of%20the%20Napoleonic%20Wars	Economic and logistical aspects of the Napoleonic Wars	A report from 1811 by General Claude Antoine Hippolyte de Préval, a cavalry officer and State Council official, tempered expectations regarding military veterinarians' roles: "The importance of veterinarians in the corps is often exaggerated, as is the necessity of extensive skills. Even in peacetime, severe or prolonged illnesses are rare. The cost of food and medicines compared to the horse's value, the uncertainty of recovery, and the questionable utility of a recovered horse almost always lead to selling them. Campaign mobility and the number of horses to treat force abandonment of the severely ill. At depots, there are few sick horses since they are sent to the army upon arrival. Similarly, their role in remounts is overstated. The key is assessing a horse's capability, and in this, the experience of instructors and dealers surpasses any theory. Horses are best judged through frequent riding and observing their gait under whip and reins." Logistics and administration of the Imperial guard The Imperial Guard, an elite and prestigious unit of Napoleon's army, was given particular attention by the Emperor, especially regarding its equipment and weaponry. For instance, the general uniform reform of 1812, which temporarily introduced white uniforms, was not applied to this distinguished corps. The Guard's weapons primarily came from the Versailles arms factory. While identical to the Year IX armament system issued to the regular line troops, they stood out for their superior quality and finish. For example, the Guard's musket differed from the line troops' version by using brass instead of iron for components like the barrel bands, trigger guard, and butt plate (the end of the stock braced against the shoulder before firing).	2.796875
78739871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramax	Panoramax	Panoramax is a project to collect and display street-level imagery. The project is implemented as free/open source software and allows the crowdsourcing of images, which are then openly licensed. The project was started in 2022 by the French National Geographic Institute (Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière, IGN) and the French OpenStreetMap (OSM) chapter. It was designed and developed by a state-owned start-up and is updated and maintained by a community of volunteers and IGN staff. As a free & open source alternative to Google Street View, Panoramax is a federated system that allows individuals and organizations to host their own instances for image hosting. History In 2021, the IGN launched a consultation on "geocommons". Initially, the project was designed to respond to the problems encountered by local authorities and other French stakeholders. OpenStreetMap France responded to this consultation, proposing the creation of an open database for street-level images. In April 2022, the IGN launched their call for participation for three "geocommons" including the proposal of OSM France. In October 2022, Panoramax was launched as part of the "Geocommons Factory". In June 2024, Panoramax won a grant by the NLNet Foundation as part of the NGI0 Commons Fund, which is supported by the European Commission as part of the Next Generation Internet program. In the same year, the project also gained more media attention, especially in public and private French-speaking media, including Franceinfo, France Bleu, Europe 1 and ZDNet. Name The name "Panoramax" was decided after a proposal phase and vote by 48 community members. Budget and Team The project's budget is €500,000 , and 6 people work on the project. Number of photos In April 2024, 17,7 million photos were contributed by 284 contributors. As of December 27, 2024, over 43 million images have been added by 621 contributors	2.109375
78740212	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doodia%20australis	Doodia australis	Doodia australis, known as the rasp fern, pukupuku, fragrant fern, or by its synonym Blechnum parrisiae, is a fern species native to New Zealand, and also present in Australia. Taxonomy Doodia australis was first described as Doodia media subsp. australis by Barbara Sydney Parris in 1972. It was elevated to species status by Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, based on phylogenetic analysis. Currently two scientific names are used for the species. Sources that use the broad circumscription, which places many species within the genus Blechnum, call the species Blechnum australis, while sources such as the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World which use a narrow circumscription (splitting Blechnum into different genera) uses the name Doodia australis. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the closest related species to Doodia australis are Doodia media populations found in New Caledonia, Doodia kunthiana found in Hawaii, and Doodia aspera, found in Australia, with Doodia media populations found in Australia more distantly related. Due to its wide range and variation, it is possible that some populations of Doodia australis may warrant description as distinct species or subspecies. Description Doodia australis is a fern covered in dense black scales. It can be distinguished from other New Zealand members of Doodia due to the pinkish red colour of new fronds. Distribution and habitat Doodia australis is found in New Zealand, on the North Island, Kermadec Islands, Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands, and the northern South Island, as well as on Australia, Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island. The species prefers coastal or lowland sites, and can sometimes become a weed in urban environments. Gallery	2.53125
78740371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Voyage%20to%20the%20Moon%20%28Tucker%20novel%29	A Voyage to the Moon (Tucker novel)	A Voyage to the Moon: With Some Account of the Manners and Customs, Science and Philosophy, of the People of Morosofia, and Other Lunarians is an 1827 science fiction novel by George Tucker published under the pseudonym "Joseph Atterley", the story's fictional main character who travels to the Moon using a material with anti-gravitational properties. Two different countries on the Moon are depicted: Morosofia, a vehicle for satire on contemporary issues, and Okalbia, a utopia. The book received positive reviews upon release and was a relative commercial success. The satire was found by contemporary reviewers to be at times impenetrable, while later reviewers have found it to have aged significantly. The book's place in the history of science fiction is that of an early work from the United States, and part of established traditions of fictional lunar voyages and works of satire. In terms of specific works, it took inspiration from Jonathan Swift's 1726 novel Gulliver's Travels and influenced Edgar Allan Poe's 1835 short story "The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall" in turn. A Voyage to the Moon contains one of the earliest instances of the anti-gravity theme and the notion that outer space is a cold and airless void. Scholars have written about what can be gleaned about Tucker's personal views from the book, in particular his depiction of an ideal society and discussion between characters about matters of racial differences.	2.8125
78740506	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Menzies	Ronald Menzies	Ronald Sutherland Menzies (1846 – 1903) was a Scottish football executive who served as the president of Belgian club FC Liégeois from 1896 to 1903. He was a prominent citizen in Liège, thus becoming the British vice-consul of the city. Early and personal life Ronald Sutherland Menzies was born in 1846 in Lee, then in Kent, now a London suburb, as the son of James Sutherland Menzies (1806–1886), from Finsbury, and Louisa Caroline Amelia Seyffert (1814–1891). His grandfather, Peter Patrick Menzies (1777–1813), was originally from Perth, Scotland. He studied at Acton School before going up to the Magdalene College in Cambridge. On 7 April 1877, Menzies married Emily Mary Chambers in Kensington, and the couple then moved to Liège shortly after since their eldest son, Ronald Sutherland Guy (1878–1944), was already born there. The couple then had a further six children, Henry, Jack Monro (1880–1930), Ethol Emily (1881–1975), Frédéric Alfred (1883–1952), Alan James (1884–1943), and Charles Murray (1885–1957), with all but one being born in Liège. Sporting career Before leaving London, Menzies brought a football ball with him, and from the mid-1880s onwards, on every Sunday morning, he would teach his four eldest sons, Ronald (Guy), Henry (Harry), Jack, and Frédéric, the practice of football, a sport that was practically unknown in the city at the time. Eventually, he began taking them to the Parc de la Boverie, which became the home for the first football players in the region. The Boverie also housed a velodrome, and therefore, his sons might have developed a deep interest for cycling as well, especially Jack, since he never played football in his adult life.	2.03125
78740574	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feversham%20Monument	Feversham Monument	The Feversham Monument is a memorial in the marketplace of Helmsley, a town in North Yorkshire, in England. The monument is to William Duncombe, 2nd Baron Feversham, who died in 1867. It was commissioned by his son, William Duncombe, 1st Earl of Feversham, who laid the foundation stone in May 1869. The canopy, designed by George Gilbert Scott, was completed in 1870, but the statue, carved by Matthew Noble, was only lifted into place in December 1871. The work cost about £1,000, and on completion it was described by the British Farmers' Magazine as "well-conceived and wrought out", and bearing "a general resemblance on a small scale to the Scott Monument at Edinburgh". It was grade II* listed in 1985. In 2021, it was assessed as needing specialist repair work, following damage from rain, plant growth and birds' nests. The monument is in the Gothic Revival style and is about tall. The statue is in limestone and consists of the baron standing in full regalia on a pedestal with a foliate frieze, atop four steps. The canopy is in sandstone and is carried on four buttressed columns with shafts and heraldic beasts with shields. It has four gables with corner crocketed finials, and the pinnacle has a two-light opening, crockets, finials and a cross. It is inscribed: "To William Second Baron of Feversham. This monument is erected by his tenantry, friends and relatives who cherish his memory with affection and gratitude. Born 1798, died 1867".	2.140625
78740576	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilegia%20discolor	Aquilegia discolor	Aquilegia discolor, commonly known as the two-coloured columbine, is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to northwestern Spain. Description Aquilegia discolor is a dwarf species, growing to in height with a thick rhizome. The basal leaves are mid-green and biternate with rounded leaflets, smooth above and waxy on the underside. The stem bears one or sometimes two flowers and is downy towards the top. The flowers are nodding and blue-purple with short, inwardly curved nectar spurs and white borders on the inner petals. The stamens barely protrude from the petals, and the anthers are yellow. Taxonomy The species was described by the Swiss botanists Emilio (or Émile) Levier (1839–1911) and Louis François Jules Rodolphe Leresche (1808–1885) in 1879, from the type specimen they had collected above the town of Potes in the Picos de Europa in the Cantabrian Mountains on 10 July 1878, at an altitude of . Etymology The specific epithet discolor means "of different colours, two-coloured". Distribution and habitat Aquilegia discolor is endemic to the western Cantabrian Mountains in northwestern Spain. It grows in mountainous, rocky limestone areas. Conservation , the species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List. Ecology Aquilegia discolor flowers in late spring to early summer.	2.90625
78740612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral%20of%20Our%20Lady%20of%20the%20%22Omen%22	Cathedral of Our Lady of the "Omen"	On March 8 (21), 1898, at 1:50 a.m., there was an explosion in the cathedral. Monks, an archimandrite, a bishop, and city authorities discovered the destruction. They found fragments of plaster, wood, stucco, fabric, a broken north door, a bent candlestick for 150 candles, and a damaged shade over the icon the Omen. A piece of a wall flew off, damaging the icon on the opposite wall. All the glass, including the dome, was broken. The icon itself was not damaged, although the glass was shattered and the risa was covered with soot. They found the remains of an explosive device — it was a metal box with wires and a clock mechanism. The next morning, thousands of people came together for a prayer service. The investigation was completed in 1901. The people who were arrested were: Ufimtsev (20 years old), Kishkin (21), Kamenev (22), and Lagutin (21). The explosion was meant to make people lose their faith. The bomb was set off on March 7 during the service, and the timing was set for 1:30 to avoid causing casualties. The perpetrators were young and showed remorse, so the trial was replaced by exile: Ufimtsev was sent to Akmolinsk for 5 years, and the others were sent to Eastern Siberia for 2 years. The authorities denied rumors that the explosion was organized by monks. After the October Revolution After the October Revolution, the community of believers owned the Cathedral of Our Lady of the "Omen" until 1932. In April 1918, the stolen icon was found by two girls who were washing clothes in the river. The precious robe was not found, so the icon was decorated with a silver frame. In 1919, the icon left Kursk with the Volunteer Army of the Armed Forces of South Russia, and in 1920, it crossed the Russian border.	2.15625
78740612	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral%20of%20Our%20Lady%20of%20the%20%22Omen%22	Cathedral of Our Lady of the "Omen"	Another artistic depiction of The Cathedral of Our Lady of the "Omen" is the 1839 lithograph Removal of the Icon by Bichebois, Adam and Bouchaud, made in Paris from an original by F. A. Junkovsky. One of the copies of this lithograph is kept in the State Russian Museum. The lithograph shows the Red Square of Kursk on the day the Theotokos of Kursk was taken out of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the "Omen" before the beginning of the procession to the Kursk Root Monastery Hermitage of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. The cathedral is in the right side of the picture, and it looks wrong. It has one bell tower with close columns, but it should have two. Each bell tower had wide openings for ringing the bells. In literature The story of the attempt on the icon in 1898 was used by Leonid Andreev to create the plot of the play Savva (1906). In the play, the revolutionary Savva is Ufimtsev. In the play, the nihilist Savva convinces a drunken monk from a wealthy monastery known for its miracle-working icon of the Savior to plant an explosive device under the icon. He wants to make money by undermining the faith of parishioners in the miraculousness of the image. This would happen right before a large church festival, which would gather a large number of believers. The monk agrees, but at the last minute, he is scared and tells everything to the hegumen, the head of the monastery. The hegumen, having talked with the other monks, decides to use this to "glorify God" and increase the monastery's income. He instructs the monk to place the bomb in the shadow of the icon and takes out the miraculous image himself. After the explosion, the hegumen secretly returns the icon to its original place and demonstrates the "miracle". The censorship banned the play in 1906.	2.15625
78740677	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Tunis	Battle of the Gulf of Tunis	Battle On June 4, Bazán sighted a galleon sport Tunisian flag, and two other galleons joined it, turning out to be Rabazin's ships. The corsair accepted battle despite his large disadvantage in numbers, trusting the size and artillery of his three galleons, composed by a 40-gun Danish ship, a 28-gun French one and a 18-gun Flemish one, which he ordered to open fire. Bazán knew his own artillery pieces were fewer, but superior in quality, caliber and range, therefore he eschewed boarding and, forming his fleet in a half moon, opened fire on the Tunisians while keeping distance, so they would be rendered unable to hit him back. Increasingly punished, Rabazin on against the encircling Bazán on the hope of ramming his way out of the gulf, but the Christian galleys surrounded him and overwhelmed his flagship with artillery fire, killing 100 of his 300-men crew. After six hours of battles, the Tunisians disengaged and fled towards the coast, where their ships ran aground. The crews started evacuating them against the orders of Rabazin, who urging them to stand firm and threatened them. Meanwhile, Bazán boarded the immobile ships with his galleys and launched skiffs and feluccas to capture the escapees on the beaches. During the boarding, Rabazin was captured by the knights of St. John after a duel against Spanish captain Diego Duque de Estrada, who got his rondache broken but capitalized on the range of his rapier to wound Rabazin in the head. The Christian crews overcome all the ships.	2.515625
78740691	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk%20and%20Western%20Y6%2C%20Y6a%20and%20Y6b%20classes	Norfolk and Western Y6, Y6a and Y6b classes	The Y5's were the N&W's most powerful locomotives at the time, being rated at 5,500 horsepower (4,100 kW), and they were able to produce a tractive effort of with simple expansion and with compound expansion. Between 1936 and 1940, locomotives of the Y6 class (Nos. 2120–2154) were built, and they shared identical specifications to the Y5's, but they were built with newer features for improved efficiency. In 1942, the Y6a locomotives (Nos. 2155–2170) were built, and they were classified as such, since certain materials were altered for the World War II effort. Revenue service After World War II ended, the N&W decided to construct a bypass grade in their Bluefield Division, to discontinue their electrified section there, resulting in their electric locomotives being retired. The end of their electrification, along with the post-war growth for the coal industry, encouraged the N&W to add more Mallets to their roster, and the Railway's mechanical engineering team made multiple upgrades to the existing Y6 design. Steam versus diesel tests, upgrades, and controversies Coal traffic was N&W's largest source of revenue, and it had arguably the most modern and efficient steam locomotives of any major U.S. railroad. Accordingly, N&W resisted conversion from coal-burning steam locomotives to oil-burning diesels longer than most. In 1952, N&W tested its A-class and Y6b-class locomotives against a four-unit Electro-Motive Division F7 diesel set. The tests indicated that fuel costs and similar items were roughly the same, and the test was considered a tie. However, diesels eventually won out for lower maintenance and other operational costs.	2.5
78740752	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizocarpon%20vigilans	Rhizocarpon vigilans	Rhizocarpon vigilans is a species of crustose lichen in the family Rhizocarpaceae. It is native to the southern Australian Capital Territory, particularly found in the Namadgi National Park on the summit of Sentry Box Mountain. Taxonomy Rhizocarpon vigilans was described as a new species by the lichenologists Patrick M. McCarthy and John Elix in 2014, expanding the known diversity within the Rhizocarpaceae. This species was distinguished from others in Rhizocarpon through a combination of morphological and chemical traits. The type specimen of Rhizocarpon vigilans was collected by McCarthy on 12 December 2013. The collection took place at the summit of Sentry Box Mountain in the Namadgi National Park, Australian Capital Territory, at an elevation of , where it was found growing on sheltered granite surfaces. The holotype is preserved at the CANB (Australian National Herbarium in Canberra). The specific epithet vigilans is derived from Latin, meaning "watchful" or "vigilant". This name was chosen in reference to the type locality, Sentry Box Mountain, evoking the imagery of a lookout or guard post. The name reflects the exposed, high-elevation habitat where this lichen species was first identified. Description Rhizocarpon vigilans has a crustose, epilithic (growing on the rock surface) thallus that is pale to medium grey, sometimes greenish-grey, and forms colonies up to 2 cm wide. The thallus is with individual measuring 0.15 to 0.85 mm wide, which can be plane or slightly convex. The cortex is poorly defined, and the medulla is white and reacts positively to iodine staining, turning a deep blue, a key indicator of its chemical makeup. The apothecia (fruiting bodies) of this species are numerous and dull black, initially plane but typically becoming convex as they mature, measuring between 0.30 and 0.77 mm in diameter. Similar species	2.390625
78740849	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953%20Waco%20tornado	1953 Waco tornado	In the afternoon of May 11, 1953, a powerful tornado would directly hit Waco, Texas, killing 114 people and injuring 597 more. The tornado would be the deadliest to hit Texas since 1900, with the same amount of fatalities as but more injuries than the 1902 Goliad, Texas, tornado. The tornado would eventually receive an F5 rating, one of five in the devastating 1953 tornado season. It would be the second deadliest tornado of that season, behind the 1953 Flint–Beecher tornado. It would be the first tornado to be officially rated F5 in the United States. Meteorological synopsis May 11 was a warm, moist day, with dewpoints in the lower 70s and temperatures ranging from the mid 70s inland to low 80s along the coast. Storms earlier near Abilene had produced outflow boundaries, and those boundaries were thought to have an effect on tornadogenesis later on by creating enhanced wind shear. Eventually, storms developed along a dryline draped over much of central Texas, with one storm producing an F4 in San Angelo, killing 13. Due to conducive conditions for severe weather, the U.S. Weather Bureau (later the National Weather Service) Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans issued a tornado alert covering sections of Central and West Texas. It is believed that the warnings reduced casualties in the San Angelo F4, but had minimal influence on Waco. Eventually, a high-precipitation supercell produced a tornado southwest of Waco. Tornado summary The tornado first formed around 4:10 p.m. CST (22:10 UTC) about north-northwest of the Lorena community. It quickly began damaging structures, destroying a home near Lorena as it tracked north-northeastward. The tornado produced F5 damage outside of the city of Waco.	2.46875
78740907	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20%C3%81ngeles%20Serrano	M. Ángeles Serrano	Maria Ángeles (Mariangeles) Serrano Moral is a Spanish network scientist and condensed-matter physicist. She is an ICREA Research Professor in the Department of Condensed Matter Physics of the University of Barcelona. Education and career Serrano received a bachelor's degree in physics from the University of Barcelona in 1994. She continued at the university for a Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 1999, and a master's degree in mathematical finance in 2000. Her doctoral dissertation, The motion sensing problem in spherical gravitational wave detectors, concerned gravitational-wave astronomy and was supervised by J. Alberto Lobo Gutiérrez. While working towards her doctorate, she also taught at a secondary school in Barcelona, and after completing her doctorate, she worked for four years as an information technology consultant and investment manager. She returned to academia in 2004 for a series of postdoctoral research positions at the University of Barcelona, Indiana University in the US, Institute for Scientific Interchange in Italy, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland, and the Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems at the University of the Balearic Islands in Mallorca. She returned to the University of Barcelona in 2009 as a Ramón y Cajal Research Associate, and in 2015 became ICREA Research Professor and associate professor at the University of Barcelona. Recognition Serrano was named as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2024, after a nomination from the APS Topical Group on Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, "for seminal contributions to the physics of complex networks, in particular the foundations of network geometry and advances in the analysis and modeling of weighted networks".	2.015625
78741146	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physcia%20verdonii	Physcia verdonii	Physcia verdonii is a species of foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae. It occurs in Australia and New Zealand. Taxonomy Physcia verdonii was described from specimens collected west of Mimosa Rocks National Park in New South Wales, Australia. It resembles Physcia poncinsii but differs in its darker lower surface and unique chemical profile. Named and described by John Elix in 2011, the lichen's species epithet honours his colleague Doug Verdon. Description The Physcia verdonii thallus is typically orbicular, spreading up to 6 cm wide, and firmly attached to the . The lobes are narrow, ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 mm wide, with entire to delicately notched margins. The upper surface is light to dark grey, often with a grey-white frost-like appearance at the tips and is devoid of reproductive soredia along the margins. Instead, soralia are present on the lamina, typically crater-like with flaring margins, containing coarse greenish white to white granular soredia. The lower surface ranges from pale to mid-brown at the margins to grey-brown or dark brown centrally. Rhizines are to -branched and vary in colour from whitish to brown, helping to anchor the lichen to its substrate. Habitat and distribution Physcia verdonii is found on coastal rocks in southeastern Australia and New Zealand. It prefers sun-exposed granite rocks in coastal environments but can also be found on bark and among mosses. Chemistry Chemical spot tests on the and are positive with potassium hydroxide solution (K+ yellow), indicating the presence of atranorin and zeorin among other triterpenes which contribute to its chemical makeup.	2.296875
78741271	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus%20%28video%20game%29	Papyrus (video game)	Papyrus is a 2000 platform video game developed by Planet Interactive Development and published by Ubisoft for the Game Boy Color. The game is based upon the Belgian comic book series Papyrus by Lucien De Gieter, with the player completing levels set in ancient Egypt as the titular character. Upon release, Papyrus was generally well received by critics, with praise directed to the game's visuals and animations, and criticism to its limited gameplay features and longevity. Gameplay Players are the titular Papyrus, an Egyptian fisherman tasked with rescuing the kidnapped Pharaoh's daughter Theti. The game is a platform video game in which players traverse 21 levels across areas including the Forbidden Forest to the Pharaoh's Tomb, with the objective to reach the exit of the level, defeating a boss at the end of each. Players can attack, jump, climb, and hang from objects including vines. The game contains a password save system and an Ubi Key. The Ubi Key is a feature contained in some Ubisoft Game Boy Color titles that allows players to trade unique items found in Ubisoft games to unlock additional content using the infrared link: in Papyrus, this includes a secret level. Completing a level unlocks a second playable character, Theti, who has minor changes to content when replaying levels. Development Ubisoft announced Papyrus at the 1999 European Computer Trade Show with the intent of a Europe-only release, and showcased the game at the Cannes Milia trade show in February 2000. Reception	2.125
78741558	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotor%20Technologies	Rotor Technologies	That year, Rotor Technologies built two semi-autonomous helicopters—each a nearly $1 million Robinson R44 that the company has called a "Sprayhawk." At the time of its creation, it was "the largest agricultural drone available in the world" and "features a 120-gallon spray tank with 33-foot spray booms" which allowed it to match the spray capacity of a manned helicopter. Additionally, the helicopter was equipped with "flight computers and communications systems allowing it to be operated remotely" as well as several cameras, lasers, GPS, and other internals. In the event of a contingency, the helicopter "has a system which Xu referred to as a big, red button that ensures the engine can be shut off and the helicopter perform a controlled landing." After the first two Sprayhawks were produced, Rotor Technologies began testing flights in anticipation of deliveries to "early-access partners throughout spring 2025". In November, Rotor Technologies announced a partnership with AG-NAV, a "precision navigation and flow control technology" company, in order to aid development of the Sprayhawk's unmanned capabilities. On November 20, the company publicly debuted an Federal Aviation Administration-approved test flight with a Sprayhawk at the National Agricultural Aviation Association's trade show at the Perot Field Fort Worth Alliance Airport in Texas. The event was hosted in partnership with the Federal Aviation Administration, the Helicopter Institute, and Hillwood. In 2024, Rotor Technologies also developed and produced another aircraft model, the Airtruck (also based on the Robinson R44), which is purposed to be a "heavy-lift multiuse drone, adaptable for a variety of applications" and, according to Xu, the aviation equivalent of a pickup truck. Specifically, the Airtruck is intended to be able to be able to carry a payload of a thousand pounds. One production model has been completed.	1.984375
71383041	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Sz%C3%A9kesfeh%C3%A9rv%C3%A1r%20%281543%29	Siege of Székesfehérvár (1543)	The siege of Székesfehérvár started in the month of August in 1543 when the Ottomans laid siege to the fortress. Székesfehérvár was a key fortification in the frontier area extending in the western foreground of Budin. In 1543 the garrison numbered 6,000 troops. On 22 August 1543 the Ottomans laid siege to the castle from three directions. On September 2 the Ottomans started a general attack against the fortress, they captured the outer castle. The next day the defenders in the inner castle surrendered to the Ottomans. It was turned into a sanjak of the province of Budin. Background Székesfehérvár, the city where Hungarian kings were crowned, was a key fortification in the frontier area extending in the western foreground of Budin (Buda). During the civil war that broke out after the death of King Lajos (Louis), at the Battle of Mohács, in 1526, Székesfehérvár joined the side of János Zápolya and remained loyal until Zápolya's death on July 22, 1540. Afterwards, the city defected and joined the side of Ferdinand I of Habsburg. By 1543, the garrison of the important city numbered about 6,000 troops under the command of Habsburg captain György Varkocs. Sultan Suleiman's campaign In 1543, Sultan Suleiman went on a major campaign into Hungary: his goal was to take two ancient cities: Székesfehérvár and Esztergom. From Edirne, he marched to Belgrade, then into Slavonia, where he took Valpovo, crossed the Drava River and during his march north, he took Siklós, Pécs, Máré, Szászvár, and Sióagárd. The Sultan continued his march north and, on July 26, besieged Esztergom, which he took on August 7. On August 8, Suleiman entered the castle and had the basilica inside the castle converted into a mosque. Ottoman forces left Esztergom on August 16, and marched south.	2.875
71383041	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Sz%C3%A9kesfeh%C3%A9rv%C3%A1r%20%281543%29	Siege of Székesfehérvár (1543)	Siege of Székesfehérvár On August 20, 1543, the Ottoman army arrived at Székesfehérvár. By August 22, the city was besieged on three sides and, during the following week, battles were fought in the fields outside the city. While the Ottoman army besieged the city, Tatar raiders plundered and burned the region around the city. While the soldiers stood strong, later in the siege the civilian residents, fearing they might incur the wrath of the Ottomans for a lengthy siege, began to ask for surrender. On September 2, the Ottomans started a general attack against the fortress. György Varkocs and his men made a sally to attack the siege army but were forced to retreat. Ottoman Chronicler Sinân Çavuş recorded that when Varkocs and his men returned to the gate, the leaders of the wealthy citizens inside the inner castle closed the gate. Varkocs' men shouted: “Open the gate quickly, because things have turned bad for us!” The civilians blocked the gate from the within, raised the bridge, and answered the stranded soldiers: “The Türk is not scary; why are you afraid of the Türk? Go, fight with him and kill them all!” Surrounded, György Varkocs and his soldiers died a heroic death in front of the Budai gate bridge and the Ottomans captured the outer castle. The following morning, on September 3, The residents in the inner castle surrendered to the Ottomans. Though the people of the city were given the right to leave safely with their possessions, residents that were responsible for the defection to the Habsburgs were executed for their betrayal. Also contrary to the terms of the surrender, Ulama Hân Beğ [tr], the sanjakbey (governor) of Bosnia, took many beautiful young men from Székesfehérvár and the castle of Tata as captives.	2.734375
71383133	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemfira%20Safarova	Zemfira Safarova	Zemfira Safarova (born 10 June 1937) is an Azerbaijani and Soviet musicologist, doctor of art history, professor (1998), full member of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (2017), Honored Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR (1989), Honored Worker of Science of the Azerbaijan SSR, and laureate of the Humay Award. Biography Zemfira Safarova was born on June 10, 1937, in Kislovodsk, USSR, in the family of oil engineer Yusif Safarov. In 1960 she graduated from the Faculty of Theory and Composition of the Baku Academy of Music, in 1966 she completed her postgraduate studies at the Institute of Architecture and Art of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (headed by I. Ya. Ryzhkin). In 1970 she defended her Ph.D. thesis on the topic “Musical and aesthetic concept of Uzeyir Hajibeyov”. From 1959 to 1962 she taught at the ten-year music school at the Baku Academy of Music. Since 1966 he has been a researcher (since 1975 a senior researcher), and since 1980 he has been the head of the department of Azerbaijani musical art at the Institute of Architecture and Art of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. She became a full member of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences in 2007. Since May 2, 2017, he is an academician of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Awards Honored Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR (1989) Honored Worker of Science of the Azerbaijan SSR Laureate of the Humay Award	1.953125
71383140	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliusz%20Heinzl%20Palace	Juliusz Heinzl Palace	Juliusz Heinzl Palace (Polish pronunciation: ), is a palatial mansion at 104 Piotrkowska Street in Łódź, Poland. Named after its initial owner, it currently houses the Łódź City Hall. History It is the first of the three residences of Heinzel (also spelled Heinzl), its construction was completed in 1882 by Hilary Majewski and Otto Gehlig. The palace was situated next to a wool products factory, in the street's regulatory line, right in front of the factory buildings, extending deep into the property. It was built in eclectic style with predominance of elements referring to the Berlin Renaissance. The palace consisted of a three-storey main body and lower side wings, and two pavilions ended with towers, separated from the palace by a decorative grating. Over the years, it has undergone modifications and reconstructions. The first floor of the front facade of the main body is decorated with symmetrically placed bay windows on the sides, decorated with a baluster railing. Below the cordon cornice there is a frieze with cartouche-shaped panels and emblems of industry and trade. The façade is crowned with a sculptural figural composition, depicting allegories of Freedom, Industry, and Trade. Juliusz Heinzl The Heinzel family probably came to Łódź from Bohemia or Lower Silesia in the 1830s. In 1864 Heinzel established his own mechanical weaving mill for woolen goods. Within a few years (around 1874) he became the king of wool, having the largest production complex in the Kingdom of Poland producing woolen and semi-woolen products. Modern use In the 21st century, the palace, integrated with factory buildings, was converted into offices, serves as the seat of the Provincial Office and the City of Łódź. In 1999, a monument to Julian Tuwim by Wojciech Gryniewicz was unveiled in front of the palace. The building is entered in the register of monuments under the number A/41 (January 20, 1971). Hejnał of Łódź	2.03125

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