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74396202
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaziba%20Chiefdom
|
Kaziba Chiefdom
|
Etymology
The appellation "Kaziba" predominantly originates from the populace known as the "Bazibaziba," a sub-group of the Bashi people residing in the region. Traditionally, the Bazibaziba were adept artisans who specialized in working with copper and iron ore, crafting agricultural implements and jewelry. Their craftsmanship was highly regarded, and their creations were traded and sold throughout the Great Lakes region, encompassing modern-day eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda. Originally, the population was referred to as the "Bahanga Nyumpa," which translates to "Builders of Houses." However, the name "Bazibaziba" emerged due to an event involving Kangere, a Mwami of the dynasty, who committed a fiendish and truculent act. Kangere had kidnapped his nephew's cow named "Mwihwa" in the Mashi language, inexpiable delinquency. In response, his subjects expressed their opprobrium by lowering their heads and closing their eyes, an action known as "Kuziba" in Mashi. This pivotal event gave rise to the new name "Bazibaziba," which means "those who close their eyes," and eventually led to the name "Kaziba."
| 2.8125
| 0
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74396202
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaziba%20Chiefdom
|
Kaziba Chiefdom
|
Geography
Kaziba Chiefdom is located in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), sharing borders with Rwanda to the east and Kabare Territory to the north. It lies about forty kilometers north of Bukavu, measured as the crow flies, and is accessible through a 55-kilometer road section connecting it to Bukavu city. The chiefdom is situated at an altitude ranging from 1500m to 3200m above sea level, situated within the Mitumba Mountains. The rugged relief of Kaziba Chiefdom is characterized by towering mountains, which cover approximately half of the chiefdom's surface and reach heights of up to 3200m above sea level. The central part of the region is marked by the "V" valley of the Luzinzi River, offering a contrasting landscape amidst the high mountains. Towards the north, plateaus dominate the terrain, specifically in the Cibanda and Cihumba groupings, with an average altitude of 1900m.
Hydrology
Kaziba Chiefdom is rich predominantly in rivers, streams, and springs. The region is home to approximately 104 rivers, 196 springs, and 30 ponds. Notably, the chiefdom is flanked by significant rivers, including the Kashanja River, Nachibumdu River, Mugaba River, Kabuje River, Nkombo River, Shaliro River, Magaja River, and Luvubu River.
| 2.65625
| 0
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74396202
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaziba%20Chiefdom
|
Kaziba Chiefdom
|
Conflict and insecurity
The region has been plagued by conflict and insecurity during both the First and Second Congo Wars. In the second half of October 1996, during the First Congo War, units of the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire (AFDL) and the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) massacred 130 civilians in the Kaziba Chiefdom. On October 16 of that year, they callously massacred 36 civilians in the Kaziba Chiefdom's commercial center. The victims' bodies were buried in a mass grave near the Mennonite church in Kaziba Chiefdom's town center. Incidentally, in the Namushuaga/Lukube district, soldiers slaughtered many civilians with spears and machetes. In the Cihumba district, where numerous inhabitants had sought refuge, the armed forces killed at least 11 civilians. These atrocities were accompanied by looting of the hospital, stores, and many dwellings in the region. The small local hydroelectric plant also fell victim to the soldiers' destruction. During the Second Congo War, the Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) rebels emerged, further exacerbating insecurity in the region. RCD forces conducted ruthless attacks on civilian populations, committing human rights abuses, massacres, summary executions, and displacements in the Kaziba Chiefdom and surrounding areas. The rebels employed brutal tactics to assert control over local communities and weaken perceived adversaries.
| 2.71875
| 0
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74396360
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnids%20in%20medicine
|
Arachnids in medicine
|
Like plants and insects, arachnids have been used for thousands of years in traditional medical practices. Recent scientific research in natural bioactive factors has increased, leading to a renewed interest in venom components in many animals. In 1993 Margatoxin was synthesized from the venom of the Centruroides margaritatus the Central American bark scorpion. It is a peptide that selectively inhibits voltage-dependent potassium channels. Patented by Merck, it can potentially prevent neointimal hyperplasia, a common cause of bypass graft failure.
In addition to medical uses of arachnid defense compounds, a great amount of research has recently been directed toward synthesizing and using spider silk as a scaffolding for ligament generation. Spider silk is ideal for synthesizing medical skin grafts or ligament implants because it is one of the strongest known natural fibers and triggers little immune response in animals. Spider silk may also make fine sutures for stitching nerves or eyes to heal with little scarring. Medical uses of spider silk have been introduced previously. Spider silks have been used for centuries to fight infection and heal wounds. Efforts to produce industrial quantities and qualities of spider silk in transgenic goat milk are underway.
Psychoactive scorpions
| 2.484375
| 0
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74397097
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laingsburg%20Flood
|
Laingsburg Flood
|
Another geographical factor contributing to the damage was the confluence of the Buffels, Wilgehout, and Baviaans rivers, and the east-west ridge directly downstream (south) of the confluence. The two large tributaries and the Buffels River converge immediately upstream of the poort (passage between mountains) through the ridge, and the ridge directed the flow in the tributaries northward into the southern part of town. The combined effects of all three rivers and the constriction of river by the poort accounted for much of the damage in the southern part of Laingsburg between Swartberg St and the river.
The deposition of sediment is a widespread form of flood damage in the drier regions of South Africa. Rivers in the Cape Midlands and the Karoo carry high sediment loads in high floods. The sediment-carrying capacity of flowing water depends on the velocity of the water. When the river overflows its banks, the velocity decreases as the water flows away from the river bed, particularly where it flows through a built-up area. The slower-moving water can no longer carry the sediment loads associated with the mid-stream velocities, and the sediment is deposited as the water slows down. Heavy sediment deposits result, especially in the vicinity of houses nearest to the enlarged river channel, where the flowing water's velocity is rapidly decreasing. Sediment deposits in Laingsburg were up to 3 m deep in many places and the total sediment volume deposited was about 200 000 cubic meters.
Another factor that caused much damage in Laingsburg was the large amount of floating debris. This consisted mainly of trees washed down the river from upstream, but it also included debris from buildings in the town itself. The debris caused physical damage to the buildings and aggravated sediment deposition.
| 2.796875
| 0
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77319040
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Coulston
|
Jon Coulston
|
Jonathan Charles Nelson Coulston (5 July 1957 – 6 July 2024) was a British archaeologist and lecturer who specialised in Roman army studies and Roman art and architecture. He was Senior Lecturer in the School of Classics at the University of St Andrews.
Biography
Coulston undertook undergraduate studies at Leicester University, and his postgraduate and PhD studies at the University of Newcastle. His 1988 PhD thesis was titled "Trajan's column: the sculpting and relief content of a Roman propaganda monument". Jon married Hazel Dodge.
Coulston published widely in the fields of Roman army studies, especially relating to Roman cavalry equipment, and on Roman art and architecture. He was a leading scholar on the iconography of Trajan's column and its use in studying the Roman army. He was awarded a University Teaching Award from St. Andrews in 2016.
Coulston was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1991. He was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London on 10 October 2002.
Coulston died from cancer on 6 July 2024, one day after his 67th birthday.
| 2.046875
| 0
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77319147
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand%20Jyoti%20Eye%20Hospital
|
Akhand Jyoti Eye Hospital
|
Blindness Elimination Programme "Nayan Suraksha Mission"
Akhand Jyoti Eye Hospital aims to eliminate curable blindness by providing eye care services. Operating 6 eye hospitals and over 35 eye clinics across Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, the hospital performs more than 100,000 eye surgeries annually. It is the largest super-speciality eye hospital in Eastern India, with 80% of its sight-restoring surgeries provided free of charge to patients from low-income areas. The hospital's outreach team conducts door-to-door visits in villages and organizes eye camps to identify blind and visually impaired individuals. Patients are transported to the hospital's surgical centers for cataract surgery and returned home post-surgery.
Girls Empowerment Programme "Football to Eyeball"
Through this program, Akhand Jyoti Eye Hospital provides opportunities for girls aged 12-16 to train as professional footballers or optometrists. The initiative aims to address gender-based inequalities, exploitation, and child marriage in provincial Bihar, promoting equal opportunities for girls.
Operations
The registered office is located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, and the project office is located in Saran, Bihar. The organization has more than 1,000 employees. It is managed by Mritunjay Kumar Tiwary, Founder and Executive Trustee and six more trustees.
| 2.71875
| 0
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77319462
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%20Battles%3A%20Why%20we%20fight
|
Constant Battles: Why we fight
|
Constant Battles: Why we fight (St. Martin's Griffin, 2003) originally published under the title Constant Battles: The Myth of the Peaceful, Noble Savage is a book by Steven LeBlanc, a professor of archaeology at Harvard University who specializes in the American Southwest. The book explores the myth of the "noble savage" and it demonstrates a long pattern of violence through human history from nearly all parts of the globe.
Contents
Much of the book explores debunking the myth of the "noble savage", which the evidence of archaeological exploration from around the globe does not support (a peaceful ancient human existence). LeBlanc's data supports that as many as 25% (conservatively estimated) of adult males perished as a direct result of warfare and murder in pre-agricultural times. Chapter 2 titled, "Was There Ever an Eden?" explores this notion further.
As one review from The Wall Street Journal highlighted: About 1,000 people die in local wars around the world each day. That's two people every three minutes or so, in places like the Balkans, Central Africa and Timor. It may sound like a lot of killing, but in fact the planet has never been more peaceful. The past is much bloodier. LeBlanc explains that resource scarcity leads to war and conflict. Scarcity involving access to reproductive capacity including women, food and water, and the required elements involved in creating and holding shelter. When these resources become scarce, warfare and bloodshed tend towards becoming increasingly likely.
| 2.5625
| 0
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77319703
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20Moln%C3%A1r%20Ferenc
|
A. Molnár Ferenc
|
A. Molnár Ferenc (born February 28, 1942, in Nagyvárad) is a Hungarian linguist. He is a board member of the Hungarian Linguistic Society. He is a corresponding member of the Finnish Literary Society. He is an external member of the Kalevala Society. He became a candidate of linguistic sciences in 1993 and a doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 2007.
Career
From 1961 to 1963, he was a Hungarian-English major at the Kossuth Lajos University. From 1963 to 1966, he also completed the Hungarian-Finno-Ugric program at the Kossuth Lajos University. From 1966 to 1979, he was a librarian and later a senior research fellow at the Library of the Kossuth Lajos University. In 1972, he earned his doctorate in Finno-Ugric linguistics. From 1976 to 1977, he obtained an advanced supplementary diploma in librarianship from Eötvös Loránd University. From 1979 to 1985, he taught at the Department of Hungarian Historical Linguistics and Dialectology at the Faculty of Humanities, ELTE. From 1985 to 1994, he was an assistant professor and from 1994 to 2007, an associate professor at the Department of Hungarian Linguistics at the Faculty of Humanities, Kossuth Lajos University. In 2002, he habilitated in Hungarian historical linguistics. Since 2007, he has been a university professor at the Department of Hungarian Linguistics at the Faculty of Humanities, University of Miskolc.
His research areas include the history of the Hungarian language, Finno-Ugric philology, the interpretation of old Hungarian literature, and folklore.
Family
His parents were Ferenc Molnár and Éva Fényes. In 1980, he married Ilona Nagy. They have two children: Gergely (born 1982) and Márta (born 1984).
| 2.109375
| 0
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77319792
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper%20Swat%20Canal
|
Upper Swat Canal
|
Even though the original design of the Upper Swat Canal had a much greater discharge, the Benton Tunnel created a bottleneck due to its unlined nature, hence the total discharge of the canal was limited to 1,800 cusecs.
Impact
The local population began to grow along with the production of wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, fruits and vegetables. Small villages grew into small towns, the local population began to grow Poplar trees along the canal and waterways. They started growing two crops a year instead of one, with most growing three. The canal brought great prosperity to the region and has become an integral part of it. More than one million people directly or indirectly depend on the Upper Swat Canal for their livelihood.
The canal transformed the Peshawar Division from a rainfed to a canal irrigated area.
Restoration works
Between 1990 and 1999 the Government of Pakistan spent roughly US$130 million to upgrade the existing system of the Upper Swat Canal and the Lower Swat Canal by improving surface and subsurface drainage, remodelling the irrigation system, renovating watercourses and providing support facilities. The project also involved the creation of an auxiliary tunnel to overcome the Benton Tunnel's bottleneck.
| 2.453125
| 0
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77320230
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong%20Li
|
Kong Li
|
Kong Li (), courtesy name Boyu, is the only son of Confucius and Lady Qiguan (亓官氏), and the father of Kong Ji.
Birth and naming
When Confucius was twenty years old, his son Kong Li was born. The Duke Zhao of Lu sent a gift of carp to Confucius to celebrate the birth. Confucius, feeling honored by the ruler's gesture, named his son Kong Li, with "Li" meaning carp.
Teachings from Confucius
Line 16.13 of the Analects recorded the interaction between Kong Li and his father Confucius:
Confucius' disciple Chen Gang (or Chen Ziqin) once asked Kong Li (Boyu), “Have you received any special teaching from your father?” The other replied: “No. Once, as he was standing alone, and I was discreetly crossing the courtyard, he asked me: ‘Have you studied the Poems? I replied: ‘No.’ He said: ‘If you do not study the Poems, you will not be able to hold your own in any discussion.’ I withdrew and studied the Poems. Another day, as he was again standing alone and I was discreetly crossing the courtyard, he asked me: ‘Have you studied the ritual?’ I replied: ‘No.’ He said: ‘If you do not study the ritual, you will not be able to take your stand in society.’ I withdrew and studied the ritual. These are the two teachings I received.”
Chen Ziqin went away delighted and said: “I asked one thing, and learned three. I learned about the Poems, I learned about the ritual, and I learned how a gentleman maintains distance from his son.”
The story of Kong Li receiving teachings in poetry and rituals became a well-known tale passed down through generations. Confucius' teachings to his son were revered as "ancestral guidance," and this gradually led to the saying within the Kong family that "A family well-versed in poetry and rituals will thrive and prosper, enduring through times."
| 2.609375
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77320385
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapleton%20train%20collision
|
Mapleton train collision
|
On 27 July 1927, a catastrophic head-on train collision occurred on the single-track railway line between Durban and Johannesburg, South Africa, near Roodekop in Germiston. The accident involved a southbound goods train and a northbound passenger train.
Collision
The collision was primarily attributed to a critical error made by the driver of the southbound goods train departing from Roodekop. The driver, carrying the staff which authorised him to travel only as far as a newly added side track, apparently forgot to wait there for the northbound train from Durban. This oversight led to both trains being on the same track simultaneously, resulting in a devastating collision.
Casualties
The collision had tragic consequences. A total of 29 people lost their lives, with some succumbing to exposure to the harsh winter weather while waiting for rescue teams to arrive. Additionally, 54 individuals sustained injuries of varying severity.
Locomotives Involved
One of the locomotives involved in the collision was the SAR A Class 4-8-2T No. 196, manufactured by Dubs & Co. (Dubs No. 3819).
| 2.1875
| 0
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77320742
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire%20Roller%20Disco
|
Empire Roller Disco
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The Empire Roller Disco was a 30,000-square-foot roller rink located at 200 Empire Blvd., in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York.
The birthplace of roller disco, it was the first venue to showcase jammin', a skate style invented by its attendee and employee Bill "Mr. Charisma" Butler.
History
In 1941, the Swanson family opened the Empire Roller Skating Center in a former garage across the street from Ebbets Field. By the 1940s, the rink (renamed as the Brooklyn Rollerdome) hosted skate and beauty contests in addition to regular skate sessions.
In 1956, Henry and Hector Abrami became the new owners and operators. Empire Rollerdrome's slogan, appearing on a postcard, was "Home of the 'Miracle Maple'". This referred to its special maple wood flooring, which created a smooth surface for roller skaters.
In the 1960s, roller skating choreographer Bill Butler created a new style of roller skating called jammin', involving complex choreography. Skater Gloria McCarthy, whose father owned the rink, started a "Bounce" night to showcase Charisma's new style.
In the 1970s, the rink became the Empire Roller Disco, transitioning from an organ to a sound system operated by a disc jockey designed by audio engineer Richard Long (also the designer of the sound systems for the Warehouse, Paradise Garage, Club Zanzibar).
By 1979, Butler became the rink's instructor, performer, and creative consultant. A photograph shows Butler at a Casablanca Records party at Empire, instructing Cher by leading her by the hand. His "stylish tricks...made the [Empire Roller Disco] a HOT destination", as it "drew storied celebrities away from the snooty uptown clubs (Studio 54) down to the warm & accepting Brooklyn Rink". The most notable celebrity guest was Cher, who hosted Billboard's Disco Forum skate party at the Empire Roller Disco that year. She also hosted the Billboard Magazine Disco Forum skate party at the Empire Roller Disco.
| 1.921875
| 0
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77321191
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20scanning%20photomacrography
|
Light scanning photomacrography
|
LSP technique and results
LSP involves the use of a thin plane of light that scans across the subject, which is mounted on a stage moving perpendicular to the film plane. The technique utilizes traditional optics and is governed by the physical laws of depth of field. By moving the subject through a narrow band of illumination, the entire subject can be recorded in sharp focus from the nearest details to the farthest ones. This analog process produces sharp and detailed images by slowly recording the image on film as the specimen passes through the sheet of light that is thinner than the effective DOF.
Because the image is captured at the same relative distance from the camera lens, the resulting images are axonometric rather than perspective projection, which is what the human eye sees and is typically captured by a film camera. Because all parts of an LSP image are captured at the same distance from the lens, relative measurements can be taken from an LSP photograph and can be used for comparison.
Equipment and setup
A typical LSP setup includes:
A stage that can move the subject perpendicular to the film plane.
Light sources, in some cases modified projectors, are used to project a thin plane of light.
A camera mounted on a stable stand such as a tabletop copy stand.
In 1991, Sharp and Kazilek described their SLP system that used three Kodak Ektagraphic slide projectors with zoom lenses to create a thin plane of light. The projectors each had a slide mount with two razor blades placed edge-to-edge to create a thin slit for the light to pass through. The image was captured using a Nikon FE-2 SLR camera mounted above the specimen. Kodachrome 25 slide film was used to record the image and to minimize film grain size and maximize image sharpness
| 2.71875
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77321240
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Radna%20Monastery
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Maria Radna Monastery
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The Saint Mary Monastery church of Radna (Romanian: Mănăstirea Maria Radna, ) is an 18th century baroque-style church in Radna, Arad County, Romania, located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Timișoara. The monumental ensemble consists of the actual church and three other buildings, all historical and architectural monuments of the 18th and 19th centuries.
History
The first documentary mentions of monastic activity in this place date from around 1327. These mentions are related to the king of Hungary, Charles Robert of Anjou, who erected here a monastery and a church dedicated to Saint Louis of Toulouse, his uncle, both of which were entrusted to a group of Franciscan monks who came from Bosnia.
In the year 1520, a small chapel was built by a pious widow on the nearby hill, where the Franciscan monks refugees served on these banks of the Mureș River, when the Banat area was under Ottoman occupation. After the Banat region was conquered by the Ottomans in 1551, the chapel served the faithful and the Franciscan monks, refugees from the raiders on the northern shore of the Mureş river.
| 2.046875
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77321240
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Radna%20Monastery
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Maria Radna Monastery
|
In 1626 the Franciscan monastery was re-established at Radna. In 1642, P. Andrija Stipančić, a priest in Radna, after a long and arduous journey on foot to Constantinople and back, succeeds in obtaining, in exchange for a substantial tip, an "Embre" (firman) from the Sultan Ibrahim I for the renovation of his chapel. In the year 1668, a certain Gheorghe Vriconosa from Bosnia donated an "icon of the Mother of God" to the chapel of the Franciscan monks in Radna. The icon was printed on paper in the workshop of a master typographer in Italy. In September 1695, the chapel was set on fire by the Ottoman soldiers, being devastated to the very ground. Despite the fire, the "icon of the Mother of God" did not suffer any damage, being considered a miracle-working artifact honored by believers to this day. Only in the year 1750, thanks to canon Johannes Szlezak, the monastic settlement Maria Radna was officially recognized as a church and place of pilgrimage. In the same year, the place of pilgrimage to Maria-Radna was also officially recognized.
In 1723, a new, larger church was built. In 1727, the construction of today's monastery with the west wing began. Between 1743 and 1747, the number of monks increasing significantly, the south wing was added. In 1756, on 7 July, on the feast of Pentecost, the foundation stone of a new church for Maria Radna was laid, the old church already being too small.
Between the years 1769–1771, the magnificent silver frame was made for the miraculous icon which is still visible as of today.
In the year 1992, the church was brought up to the rank of Minor Basilica with the patronage of 'Mother of Graces', by Pope John Paul II. In the year 2003, the Franciscan monks left the monastery, the parish and the place of pilgrimage being looked after by the diocesan clergy ever since.
| 2.203125
| 0
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77321350
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle%20Chuine
|
Isabelle Chuine
|
Isabelle Chuine (born 1973) is a French ecologist who is a French National Centre for Scientific Research Research Director at the Center for Functional and Evolutionary Ecology. Her research consider how plants respond to climate change, and the traits that allow certain species to adapt.
Early life and education
Chuine studied evolution and ecology at the University of Montpellier. She remained there for a doctorate in evolutionary biology, where she modelled the phrenology of temperate zone trees and studied how it impacted evolutionary biology.
Research and career
Chiune joined the CNRS Délégation Languedoc-Roussillon. Chuine is a professor at the Center for Functional and Evolutionary Ecology. Her research considers the development cycle of extratropical trees. She has developed process-based species distribution models for plants, which she uses to understand how certain trees.
Chuine developed a citizen science programme Observatoire Des Saisons, which collects information about nature observations from people of all ages. The seasons observatory looks to raise public engagement about climate change and environmentalism, build datasets for scientific research and provide a mechanism for the public to understand the impact of climate change.
Awards and honours
2006 Pierre & Cyril Grivet Prize of the French Academy of Sciences
2009 CNRS Bronze Medal
2018 Bullard Fellow of Harvard University
2019 Research prize of the French Society of Ecology and Evolution
2020 CNRS Silver Medal
2020 Elected Fellow of the French Academy of Agriculture
2020 Elected Fellow of the French Academy of Sciences
2022 Legion of Honour
Selected publications
| 2.421875
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77321431
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouchra%20Baibanou
|
Bouchra Baibanou
|
Bouchra Baibanou (born 1969, Rabat) is a Moroccan alpinist and motivational speaker. She is the first Moroccan woman to summit Mount Everest, and in 2017 she became the first Moroccan to complete the Seven Summits.
Biography
Baibanou grew up in Rabat, the daughter of a mechanic and a stay at home mother. As a young girl, she loved karate and reading Jules Verne novels. After going trekking at summer camp aged 10, she fell in love with the outdoors. Originally wanting to be an astronomer, she turned to studying physics at Mohammed V University when her visa was refused. She later received a degree in telecommunications engineering at the National Institute of Posts and Telecommunications (INPT) in Rabat.
In 1995, when Baibanou was 25, she climbed her first peak, Toubkal (), the tallest peak in the Atlas Mountains. The experience encouraged her to continue mountaineering.
In 1999, she and her husband Lahoucine Ouboumalk climbed Toubkal again for their honeymoon.
In 2002, she and her family moved to Canada where she pursued a degree in management from HEC in Montreal, Canada. After returning to Morocco, she worked as a software engineer for the Moroccan Ministry of Equipment, Transport and Logistics.
In 2009, she established Delta Évasion, offering hikes around Morocco for tourists and to support local people. While taking international tourists on treks across Morocco, they would tell her about climbing trips to Mont Blanc, Kilimanjaro and the Himalayas. Their stories piqued her interest, and gave her the thought to begin climbing outside Morocco.
Mountaineering
In March 2011, she summitted Mount Kilimanjaro () while on an expedition with her husband. At Kiliminjaro, she met Singaporean alpinist, Khoo Swee Chiow, who invited her to climb Mont Blanc (). After training with Chiow, in June that year, she reached the summit.
| 1.984375
| 0
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77321444
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bland%20County%20Public%20Schools
|
Bland County Public Schools
|
Bland County Public School is a school division in Virginia that serves the students of Bland County, Virginia. Located in southwestern Virginia, the district serves about 800 students and administers two schools: one elementary school and one high school.
Administration
The Superintendent of Bland County Public Schools is Laura Radford. Prior to being appointed in 2022, Radford was the Supervisor of Special Services for the district.
The Bland County Board of Education has four members:
Duane Bailey, Mechanicsburg District, Chairman
Dave Andrews, Seddon District, Member, Vice-chairman
Phillip Buttery, Sharon District,
JP Agee, Rocky Gap District,
Michelle Willard, Clerk of the Board
Academics
Bland County Public Schools has an afterschool STEM program for students. The program encourages students to collaborate with their school and community to help solve real-world problems. Both schools in Bland County Public Schools receive Title I funding and are fully accredited by the Virginia Department of Education.
Schools
Bland County has two schools: Bland County High School (grades 7–12) and Bland County Elementary School (grades PreK-6).
| 2.546875
| 0
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77321491
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole%20Roy
|
Nicole Roy
|
Nicole Clémence Roy is a Canadian–New Zealand academic, and is a full professor at the University of Otago, specialising in nutrition and digestive health, including gastrointestinal physiology and microbiome–host interactions. She is a Fellow of Food Standards Australia New Zealand.
Academic career
Roy completed a Bachelor of Science, a Master of Science and a PhD, all at Laval University. Her doctoral thesis was titled Protein Metabolism in Growing Barrows Fed Diets Adequate or Deficient in Lysine and was supervised by Jean F. Bernier. Roy did her postdoctoral research at the Rowett Institute in Scotland. Roy worked at AgResearch from 1998, and was appointed principal scientist in 2011. Roy was a professor in the Liggins Institute at the University of Auckland, and since 2016 is an adjunct professor in the Riddet Institute Centre of Research Excellence at Massey University. Roy joined the faculty of the Department of Nutrition at the University of Otago in 2020, and was appointed head of department in 2024.
Roy's research focuses on nutrition and gut health. She was a founding member of the High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, based at the University of Auckland, and leads the Digestive Health research programme. Through this she is part of a team studying the effect of resistant starch additives to baby food on infant microbiomes, sleep and immune health. Roy has received funding from MBIE and Marsden grants, and in 2023 Roy received a grant from the Health Research Council to investigate associations between gut health, gut microbiomes and the Aotearoa New Zealand diet.
As a Fellow of Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Roy is one of 24 experts providing advice to the government agency.
Selected works
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77321648
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion%20in%20Sierra%20Leone
|
Abortion in Sierra Leone
|
Legislation
The law banning abortion in Sierra Leone has not been modified since its introduction during the British colonial era. The Offences Against the Person Act 1861, an act of the British Parliament grouped with the Criminal Law Consolidation Acts 1861, criminalises acts performed to terminate a pregnancy. Sierra Leone is the only former British colony where the act is still in effect.
The law does not specify any grounds for legal abortion. The British judicial decision Rex v Bourne on the same law's application found that it permits abortions to save the life of the mother. This has not been brought up in Sierra Leone's courts, so it is unclear whether such abortions are permitted.
Public-sector health providers do not have training or guidelines about providing abortions. Sierra Leone's medical code of ethics addresses abortion, and a WHO survey in 2021 found that the country's health benefit package included abortion. The National Protocols and Guidelines for Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (2018) sanction post-abortion care using misoprostol. Private organizations have legally imported abortion drugs but distribution is legally limited.
In July 2015, Sierra Leone became a party to the Maputo Protocol, which includes provisions about abortion. Members of parliament heavily debated the ratification. Opponents said the protocol was an example of Western imperialist morality and a policy against abortion defended Sierra Leone's cultural sovereignty.
Due to the stigma, abortion cases are resolved within families, and are only pursued in court if they result in death, according to AdvocAid. Nurses have been charged with manslaughter for aiding in abortions that resulted in death. In January 2011, a pregnant woman with heavy bleeding was detained for allegedly having an abortion and was released after proof that she was still pregnant.
Proposed legislation
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77321941
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20County%20Public%20Schools%20%28Virginia%29
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Lee County Public Schools (Virginia)
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Lee County Public Schools is a school division in Virginia that serves students in Lee County, Virginia. Located in the westernmost part of the state, the district serves almost 3,000 students and administers 11 schools: five elementary schools, three middle schools, two high schools, a career and technical education center. The district also operates a HeadStart program.
Administration
The Superintendent of Lee County Public Schools is Brian Dean. Prior to his appointment in 2021, he was the district's assistant superintendent.
The Lee County Public School Board has five members:
Tim Vanadore - District 1
Rob Hines - District 2, Vice Chair
Nancy Garret - District 3
Vera Ely - District 4, Chair
Garry Williams - District 5
Schools
Lee County Public Schools operates five elementary schools, three middle schools, two high schools, a career and technical education center, and a HeadStart program.
High Schools (Grades 5-7)
Lee High School
Thomas Walker High School
Middle Schools (Grades 5-7)
Elydale Middle School
Jonesville Middle School
Pennington Middle School
Elementary Schools (Grades K-4)
Dryden Elementary School
Flatwoods Elementary School
Elk Knob Elementary School
Rose Hill Elementary School
St. Charles Elementary School
Other Schools
Lee County Career and Technical Education Center
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77322276
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20du%20Jura
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Journal du Jura
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Journal du Jura had a period of good growth from 1985, but like many papers in Switzerland had struggles in the 1990s due to economic and advertising issues. It opened up a new printing centre in 1985, which allowed for four-color printing in the paper. The paper redesigned its format to be more compact in 1993, in order to harmonize its layout with other papers that used the same advertising distribution (including L'Express, L'Impartial, and Le Quotidien Jurassien. It was redesigned again two years later to have instead a more open layout for its text. In the 1990s, it was part of an editorial exchange between several other Swiss regional daily papers, and since February 2007 it has collaborated with ArcInfo (L'Express and L'Impartial), from which it takes national and international news.
For its 150th anniversary in 2015, it published several supplements devoted to the history of the Jura region. Its circulation was 13,000 in 1995, and as of 2006, the paper's circulation was 11,980. Gassman AG was bought out by Fredy Bayard, an entrepreneur from Valais, in 2020. He had previously bought out the publishing company that owned the two years prior. The paper's archives pre-1996 were made available through the archival service e-newspaperarchives.ch in 2021; no archives of the paper exist for the period of 1871-1875.
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77322437
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh%20Island%20Wildlife%20Refuge
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Marsh Island Wildlife Refuge
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Marsh Island Refuge is located on Marsh Island, Iberia Parish, south coastal Louisiana. The island is uninhabited and managed by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) as a wildlife sanctuary.
History
Edward McIlhenny and wealthy birdwatcher/conservationist Charles Willis Ward reached out to Russell Sage's widow, Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage, and through the Russell Sage Foundation she purchased the then Marsh Island and turned it over to the LDWF in 1960.
Location
The island sits south of Cypremort Point State Park and north of the Gulf of Mexico. Vermilion Bay is to the northwest and Cote Blanche Bay to the northeast. Bayou Sale Bay is to the east with Burns Point Park at the end of La-317.
State Wildlife Refuge is to the west.
Island details
Marsh Island is east to west and north to south. The island has many named and unnamed lakes and bayous such as Lake Hawkins, Hawkins Bayou, Lake Tom, Worm Bayou, Lake Blanc, Scat Lake, Lake Michael, Gordy Lake, Lake Sand, Oyster Lake, Oyster Branch, West Oyster Branch, and East Oyster Branch on the east side of the island. There is also South Point, Mound Point. More to the central part is Bird Island Bayou and Joe Aucoin Bayou. South of these two is a restricted area. On the western side is Lake Ferme, Long Lake, Lucien Lake, Lake Jefferson, Bayou Lucien, Bayou Platte, with a restricted area south of this, Big Charles Bayou, Little Charles Bayou, and Bayou Chene. On the western side is Lighthouse Point. There is a restricted area on the southwest side between Lighthouse Point and Oyster Lake. In the middle of this is Grosse Isle Point and Cheniere La Croix.
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77322452
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blair%20Park%2C%20San%20Bernardino
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Blair Park, San Bernardino
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Blair Park is a neighborhood in the city of San Bernardino, California. Like most neighborhoods in San Bernardino, the boundaries are informal; by common usage, Blair Park is bounded on the west by the 215 freeway; on the east by E street; on the south by the 210 freeway;and on the north by the Shandin Hills. Its main commercial streets are 30th street, Little Mountain Drive and E street.
Geography
Blair Park is located north of downtown San Bernardino in San Bernardino County, California. The elevation ranges from 1,221 to 1,900 feet, and it is in the Pacific Time Zone (UTC-8, UTC-7 in the summer).
Blair Park is completely within the Riverside - San Bernardino Metropolitan Area of California, the 2nd largest in the state, and the 12th largest in the nation. Blair Park is made up of large, mature trees and consists of many hills. The neighborhood is home to a 34 acre park of the same name with 3 baseball diamonds and a skatepark.
Transportation
San Bernardino city is a member of the joint-powers authority Omnitrans, this includes Blair Park. The San Bernardino Express (sbX) Green Line, a bus rapid transit system, runs from its northern terminus in Verdemont, heading south through downtown and Hospitality Lane, all the way to Loma Linda. The Marshall Boulevard Station services the neighborhood.
Education
Blair Park is completely located within the San Bernardino City Unified School District, and is located south of top-nationally ranked California State University, San Bernardino. In addition, Blair Park has one elementary school, Marshall Elementary School. No middle schools lie within the neighborhood boundaries but Shandin Hills Middle School and Arrowview Middle Schools are the closest. Furthermore, the neighborhood does not have any high schools but the nearby University District contains Cajon High School.
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77322461
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Jewish%20mysticism
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History of Jewish mysticism
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Early mystical literature
The mystical methods and doctrines of Hekhalot (Heavenly "Chambers") and Merkabah (Divine "Chariot") texts, named by modern scholars from these repeated motifs, lasted from the 1st century BCE through to the 10th century CE, before giving way to the documented manuscript emergence of Kabbalah. Initiates were said to "descend the chariot", possibly a reference to internal introspection on the Heavenly journey through the spiritual realms. The ultimate aim was to arrive before the transcendent awe, rather than nearness, of the Divine. The mystical protagonists of the texts are famous Talmudic Sages of Rabbinic Judaism, either pseudepigraphic or documenting remnants of a developed tradition. From the 8th to 11th centuries, the Hekhalot texts, and the proto-Kabbalistic early cosmogonic Sefer Yetzirah ("Book of Creation") made their way into European Jewish circles. A controversial esoteric work from associated literature describing a cosmic Anthropos, Shi'ur Qomah, was interpreted allegorically by subsequent Kabbalists in their meditation on the Sephirot Divine Persona.
Hasidei Ashkenaz
Another, separate influential mystical, theosophical, and pious movement, shortly before the arrival there of Kabbalistic theory, was the "Hasidei Ashkenaz" (חסידי אשכנז) or Medieval German Pietists from 1150 to 1250. This ethical-ascetic movement with elite theoretical and Practical Kabbalah speculations arose mostly among a single scholarly family, the Kalonymus family of the French and German Rhineland. Its Jewish ethics of saintly self-sacrifice influenced Ashkenazi Jewry, Musar literature and later emphases of piety in Judaism.
Medieval emergence of the Kabbalah
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77322461
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Jewish%20mysticism
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History of Jewish mysticism
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The messianism of the Safed mystics culminated in Kabbalah receiving its biggest transformation in the Jewish world with the explication of its new interpretation from Isaac Luria (The ARI 1534–1572), by his disciples Hayim Vital and Israel Sarug. Both transcribed Luria's teachings (in variant forms) gaining them widespread popularity, Sarug taking Lurianic Kabbalah to Europe, Vital authoring the latterly canonical version. Luria's teachings came to rival the influence of the Zohar and Luria stands, alongside Moses de Leon, as the most influential mystic in Jewish history. Lurianic Kabbalah gave Theosophical Kabbalah its second, complete (supra-rational) of two systemisations, reading the Zohar in light of its most esoteric sections (the Idrot), replacing the broken Sephirot attributes of God with rectified Partzufim (Divine Personas), embracing reincarnation, repair, and the urgency of cosmic Jewish messianism dependent on each person's soul tasks.
Influence on non-Jewish society
From the European Renaissance on, Judaic Kabbalah became a significant influence in non-Jewish culture, fully divorced from the separately evolving Judaic tradition. Kabbalah received the interest of Christian Hebraist scholars and occultists, who freely syncretised and adapted it to diverse non-Jewish spiritual traditions and belief systems of Western esotericism. Christian Cabalists from the 15th–18th centuries adapted what they saw as ancient Biblical wisdom to Christian theology, while Hermeticism lead to Kabbalah's incorporation into Western magic through Hermetic Qabalah. Presentations of Kabbalah in occult and New Age books on Kabbalah bear little resemblance to Judaic Kabbalah.
Ban on studying Kabbalah
The Rabbinic ban on studying Kabbalah in Jewish society was lifted by the efforts of the 16th-century kabbalist Avraham Azulai (1570–1643).
The question, however, is whether the ban ever existed in the first place. Concerning the above quote by Avraham Azulai, it has found many versions in English, another is this
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Jewish%20mysticism
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History of Jewish mysticism
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The Oriental Kabbalist tradition continues until today among Sephardi and Mizrachi Hakham sages and study circles. Among leading figures were the Yemenite Shalom Sharabi (1720–1777) of the Beit El Synagogue, the Jerusalemite Hida (1724–1806), the Baghdad leader Ben Ish Chai (1832–1909), and the Abuhatzeira dynasty.
Maharal
One of the most innovative theologians in early-modern Judaism was Judah Loew ben Bezalel (1525–1609) known as the "Maharal of Prague". Many of his written works survive and are studied for their unusual combination of the mystical and philosophical approaches in Judaism. While conversant in Kabbalistic learning, he expresses Jewish mystical thought in his own individual approach without reference to Kabbalistic terms. The Maharal is most well known in popular culture for the legend of the golem of Prague, associated with him in folklore. However, his thought influenced Hasidism, for example being studied in the introspective Przysucha school. During the 20th century, Isaac Hutner (1906–1980) continued to spread the Maharal's works indirectly through his own teachings and publications within the non-Hasidic yeshiva world.
Sabbatian antinomian movements
The spiritual and mystical yearnings of many Jews remained frustrated after the death of Isaac Luria and his disciples and colleagues. No hope was in sight for many following the devastation and mass killings of the pogroms that followed in the wake of the Chmielnicki Uprising (1648–1654), the largest single massacre of Jews until the Holocaust, and it was at this time that a controversial scholar by the name of Sabbatai Zevi (1626–1676) captured the hearts and minds of the Jewish masses of that time with the promise of a newly minted messianic Millennialism in the form of his own personage.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Jewish%20mysticism
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History of Jewish mysticism
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Elijah of Vilna (Vilna Gaon) (1720–1797), based in Lithuania, had his teachings encoded and publicised by his disciples, such as Chaim Volozhin's posthumously published the mystical-ethical work Nefesh HaChaim. He staunchly opposed the new Hasidic movement and warned against their public displays of religious fervour inspired by the mystical teachings of their rabbis. Although the Vilna Gaon did not look with favor on the Hasidic movement, he did not prohibit the study and engagement in the Kabbalah. This is evident from his writings in the Even Shlema. "He that is able to understand secrets of the Torah and does not try to understand them will be judged harshly, may God have mercy". (The Vilna Gaon, Even Shlema, 8:24). "The Redemption will only come about through learning Torah, and the essence of the Redemption depends upon learning Kabbalah" (The Vilna Gaon, Even Shlema, 11:3).
In the Oriental tradition of Kabbalah, Shalom Sharabi (1720–1777) from Yemen was a major esoteric clarifier of the works of the Ari. The Beit El Synagogue, "yeshivah of the kabbalists", which he came to head, was one of the few communities to bring Lurianic meditation into communal prayer.
Hasidic Judaism
Yisrael ben Eliezer Baal Shem Tov (1698–1760), founder of Hasidism in the area of Ukraine, spread teachings based on Lurianic Kabbalah, but adapted to a different aim of immediate psychological perception of Divine Omnipresence amidst the mundane. The emotional, ecstatic fervour of early Hasidism developed from previous Nistarim circles of mystical activity, but instead sought communal revival of the common folk by reframing Judaism around the central principle of devekut (mystical cleaving to God) for all.
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77322461
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Jewish%20mysticism
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History of Jewish mysticism
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Many foundational historians of Judaism such as Heinrich Graetz, criticised Kabbalah as a foreign import that compromised historical Judaism. In the 20th century Gershom Scholem overturned Jewish historiography, presenting the centrality of Jewish mysticism and Kabbalah to historical Judaism, and their subterranean life as the true creative renewing spirit of Jewish thought and culture.
His influence contributed to the flourishing of Jewish mysticism academia today, its impact on wider intellectual currents, and the contribution of mystical spirituality in modernist Jewish denominations today. Traditionalist Kabbalah and Hasidism, meanwhile, continued outside the academic interest in it.
20th-century influence
Jewish mysticism has influenced the thought of some major Jewish theologians, philosophers, writers and thinkers in the 20th century, outside of Kabbalistic or Hasidic traditions. The first Chief Rabbi of Mandate Palestine, Abraham Isaac Kook was a mystical thinker who drew heavily on Kabbalistic notions through his own poetic terminology. His writings are concerned with fusing the false divisions between sacred and secular, rational and mystical, legal and imaginative.
Students of Joseph B. Soloveitchik, figurehead of American Modern Orthodox Judaism have read the influence of Kabbalistic symbols in his philosophical works. Neo-Hasidism, rather than Kabbalah, shaped Martin Buber's philosophy of dialogue and Abraham Joshua Heschel's Conservative Judaism. Lurianic symbols of Tzimtzum and Shevirah have informed Holocaust theologians.
Gershom Scholem's central academic influence on reshaping Jewish historiography in favour of myth and imagination, made historical arcane Kabbalah of relevance to wide intellectual discourse in the 20th century. Moshe Idel traces the influences of Kabbalistic and Hasidic concepts on diverse thinkers such as Walter Benjamin, Jacques Derrida, Franz Kafka, Franz Rosenzweig, Arnaldo Momigliano, Paul Celan and George Steiner.
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77324300
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%20July%20Committee
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5 July Committee
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The 5 July Committee Against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination or simply, 5 July Committee () is an organization based in Fermo, Italy, dedicated to combating hatred, racism, and discrimination.
History
The committee was established in response to the murder of Emmanuel Chidi Nnamdi in Fermo in July 2016. Emmanuel's death, a racially motivated act of violence, prompted the formation of the committee to address and combat racism and discrimination in the community and beyond.
Activities
Every year, on July 5, the committee commemorates the anniversary of Emmanuel's death. The organization holds events to honor his memory and promote a culture of inclusivity and human rights. The committee supports initiatives that save lives at sea and in conflict zones, advocating for the humane treatment of migrants and viewing migration as a structural process and a human right.
In response to the release of Amedeo Mancini, the man convicted of Emmanuel's murder, the committee, along with other organizations such as Associazione Casa Comune, CGIL, ANPI, FIOM, and SPRAR projects Fermo-Porto San Giorgio, issued a statement. They expressed concern about the judicial decision and its implications for society The statement highlighted their commitment to remembering Emmanuel and working towards a more inclusive and just community, emphasizing that such incidents should not be forgotten or repeated.
The committee also engage in educational and advocacy work to combat racism and discrimination. The organization collaborates with various local and national groups to support policies and initiatives that promote equality and protect human rights.
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77324784
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaman%20Sardesai
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Vaman Sardesai
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Vaman Balkrishna Naique Prataprao Sardesai (5 May 1923 – 6 May 1994) was an Indian poet, freedom fighter and diplomat from Goa. Along with Libia Lobo Sardesai, whom he later married, he ran an underground radio station, Voice of Freedom, that transmitted across Portuguese Goa from 1955 to 1961, advocating the cause of the Goan independence movement. Following the Liberation of Goa, he became the second editor of Goa Today magazine, and went on to become an IAS officer, serving as the Indian Ambassador to Angola. In 1992, he was awarded the Padma Shri. He has also been the co-convenor of INTACH.
Life and career
Early life: Education, writing and radio (1923–1954)
Vaman Balkrishna Naique Prataprau Sardesai was born to Bhalchandra Desai on 5 May 1923 in the village of Vadi, Ponda taluka, Goa. Sardesai was a student of medicine at Escola Médica Cirúrgica de Goa when he was arrested in 1947 for distributing "anti-colonial literature". He was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment by the Portuguese Military Tribunal.
Following his release, he moved to Wardha and spent four years at Gandhi's Sevagram ashram. There, he worked with Ravindra Kelekar to publish Konkani language poems in their fortnightly publication Meerg, writing under the pseudonym of "Abhijeet". Sardesai travelled around Nagpur to help in the magazine's success and ensured that copies would be distributed across the country. His writings displayed his strong linguistic skills. He was skilled in Konkani, Marathi, and Portuguese languages. Even though he left his education incomplete, he taught language subjects in important educational institutions in Panaji.
Then Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, respected Goa's freedom fighters and implemented policies that allowed many poets and writers fleeing from Goa to join government service. This led to Sardesai joining the External Services Division at All India Radio, Bombay. As part of this, he created poems and programmes to spread awareness about "the problem of Goa" to other countries.
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77325304
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collie%20Burn%2C%20Western%20Australia
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Collie Burn, Western Australia
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Collie Burn is a rural town in the Shire of Collie in the South West region of Western Australia.
The requirement for a townsite in the area to service Collie Burn and Collie Cardiff coal mines was identified in 1902. The original townsite of Collieburn, midway between the two mines, was gazetted in 1907. The name Collieburn was chosen as another Cardiff already existed in Australia. By 1915 the main requirement for land had shifted to the Cardiff end of the townsite of Collieburn. Subsequently, the Cardiff Progress Association sought to rename the town of Collieburn to Cardiff. This name change was approved, but only of the southern portion of the townsite, and the name for this part was officially changed to Cardiff in 1916. The name of the remaining townsite was subsequently spelled as Collie-Burn, but the hyphen was dropped in 1944. The name results from the Collie River while Burn is supposed to derive from the old English word for a stream or river.
Collie Burn is located on the traditional land of the Kaniyang and Wiilman people of the Noongar nation.
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77325343
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Lottery%20for%20Public%20Assistance
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National Lottery for Public Assistance
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Independence
During the war of independence, the Viceroy Félix María Calleja instituted, in 1815, two forced lotteries, one for the capital and the other for the rest of the viceroyalty, and as a way to raise funds to fight the insurgency. Public employees were forced to buy tickets.
After the consolidation of Mexico's independence, the emperor Agustín de Iturbide renamed the institution with the name of General Directorate of Lottery Income of the Empire of Mexico.
In 1842, a decree was published which consigned the rent of the lottery to the Academy of Fine Arts of San Carlos and became known as the Lottery of San Carlos, which used its funding to acquire important works of art, give scholarships to students of the academy to study in Europe and bring to Mexico important teachers, among them Pelegrín Clavé for painting, Manuel Vilar for sculpting, Eugenio Landesio for landscape and Javier Cavallari for architecture; the latter, in addition to instructing his students in the classical orders of architecture, taught them basic knowledge of how to build bridges, roads and railways, because he wanted to carry out the construction of the railway.
Thanks to the economic success of the lottery, it was also able to support other urgent needs of the population, in a time of foreign invasions and civil wars that kept the country in a state of chronic poverty.
Reform
President Benito Juárez avoided all kinds of raffles and lotteries that were similar to the newly named National Lottery, except for a concession to the government of the State of Mexico in October 1870, to finance with a lottery the construction of a Mexico-Toluca railroad. In the Juarista period, the National Lottery was first raised to constitutional rank. Upon the death of Juárez (July 1872), the government of President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada granted permits for new lotteries that benefited the Lancasterian Company, one of the asylum houses for poor children and for the Hospital of San Hipólito.
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77325395
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebdo%20%28play%29
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Bebdo (play)
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In addition to her perceptions regarding the nature of Albert's social relationships, Gertrude demonstrates foresight regarding the potential adversities that could affect the family of a breadwinner struggling with alcoholism. She envisions a scenario where continued unchecked drinking by Albert could lead to starvation and dire circumstances for his wife and children. Despite this bleak outlook, Gertrude is characterized by her unwavering and forgiving affection and dedication towards Albert, regardless of his well-known mistreatment towards her. The narrative further illustrates the tragic consequences of Albert's alcoholism when his young son, Valente, dies. Even in the presence of his deceased, presumably malnourished child, Albert is shown to continuously beg for a solitary drop of liquor, underscoring the powerful grip of his addiction and the devastating impact it has on his family.
Title
Fernandes has chosen to maintain the original title Bebdo without alterations. However, in English promotional materials, an additional title, The Drunkard, was incorporated. Despite this, within the printed summary of the play, the main character known as 'Albert Gonsalves' is prominently featured as the individual identified as the drunkard.
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77325577
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Kannauj
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Kingdom of Kannauj
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Harivarman
Magadhan emperor Budhagupta met the young Harivarman in 487 AD, when he was choosing men for his public service. Harivarman, a warrior from Baghelkhand, had a well-built physique, excellent archery skill, and a fierce face but a great calmness inside, a strict moral code and sensitivity to public sufferings. Impressed by him, the emperor gave him the title Maharaja and granted him rule over the regions around Ayodhya, Kannauj and Antarvedi (Ganga-Yamuna Doab.
The nobles and elites of the doab opposed his rule, but he eventually subdued them with military prowess and diplomacy, and soon assumed full control of his assigned provinces. His rule emphasised moral rightness and benevolence and he allied with other prominent families such as the later Guptas.
Ishanavarman
His great-grandson, Ishanavarman, (550–560) was the first prominent king of Kannauj. He pursued a policy of aggression against the emperors of Magadha and thus declared his independence, proclaiming himself Maharajadhiraja of Kannauj. He invaded the Andhra country and defeated the king of Andhra, Madhava Varma IV who had conquered and held suzerainty over a large region including modern day western Maharashtra and Karnataka. The Emperor of Magadha, Kumargupta III defeated Ishanavarman in 554 AD, but shortly died thereafter in Prayag. Harivarman's reign was followed by that of Adityavarman and Ishvavarman.
Sharvavarman
Ishvavarman's son, Sharvavarman (560–575) invaded and conquered eastern portion of the Magadhan Empire, i.e., Magadha and Bundelkhand from Mahasenagupta who fled to Malwa (the remaining western portion of the empire) and established a rump state. His reign was followed by that of Avantivarman.
Kannauj–Malwa War and Harshavardhan
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77325712
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damachava%20Ghetto
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Damachava Ghetto
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Destruction
On September 18, 1942, the Germans ordered the Jews from the ghetto to dig pits on a sandy hill half a kilometer east of the village, near the so-called "Shilov Swamp." As people began to scatter, they were caught and shot on the spot, resulting in the deaths of 42 people. The ghetto was completely destroyed on September 20, 1942, when the cavalry squadron of the gendarmerie stationed in Damachava, the police, the SD Sonderkommando, and collaborators killed 2,700 or 2,900 Jews. During this mass murder, about 250 Jews managed to escape, but most of them were later caught and killed by local policemen. Ten surviving Jewish specialists were shot in August 1943. By the time Damachava was liberated, only ten Jews remained alive.
Perpetrators
The names of the Nazi leaders of the Brest district, on whose orders the children were shot, are known: SD district chief Pichman, SD deputy chiefs Zibel and Gerik, district commissioner Franz Burat, gendarmerie chief at the district commissioner Dluzrleyn, district police bureau chiefs Major Roda and Wiener, Prokopchuk (Ukrainian) – head of the Damachava district, Fedor Khae – mayor of Damachava, and criminal police chief Zavadsky. The names of some of the perpetrators who carried out the shooting of children are also known: Max, the senior of the group of Germans who carried out the shooting; Kametsglyats, a German from the group that carried out the shooting; Friks, a policeman who shot children; Vogel, from the Volga Germans, a native of the city of Engels; and Lieutenant Ogiz, from the city of Brest, who participated in the shooting of children. Policeman Anthony Sawoniuk from Damachava was found guilty of Nazi war crimes by a British court in 1999 and died in prison.
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77325803
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Messina%20%281848%29
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Siege of Messina (1848)
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A truce phase began at that point. The insurgents received some aid from other parts of Sicily, while the Bourbon government attempted to detach Messina from the rest of the island, offering it a special status and its proclamation as the island's capital to replace Palermo. The insurrectionary committee responded, however, that the city preferred destruction to betrayal.
The taking of fort Real Basso and the fortified camp of Terranova
The insurgents controlled the entire city proper, but it could by no means be said to be safe as it was overlooked by the Citadel and the forts attached to it. Their goal therefore had to be the capture or neutralization of the massive fortified system in the hands of the Neapolitans. Such an intent seemed extremely difficult. The insurgents had about 4,000 men with improvised weaponry and little or no training, against an equivalent number of well-armed and trained Bourbons. There were 77 cannons on the Sicilian side, 50 of them from the fortress of Milazzo that had surrendered a short time earlier, against 300 on the royal side. To this already great disparity in resources was added the problem of breaking through the defensive walls of mighty fortresses. The Sicilian troops, on the other hand, had the moral and, if necessary, the physical support of the entire city of Messina. Moreover, the Bourbon troops had shown little will to fight in previous clashes and had often surrendered easily, as in the case of the Rocca Guelfonia, Castellaccio and Fort Gonzaga.
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77326420
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion%20under%20Egyptian%20law
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Abortion under Egyptian law
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In accordance with Egyptian law, abortion is considered a criminal act that violates the right to life, as it is often intended to terminate the fetus right to future life. The Egyptian legislature has dedicated a separate chapter in the Penal Code, Title III, titled "Abortion of Pregnant Women and the Manufacture and Sale of Adulterated Drinks Harmful to Health." Egyptian law does not explicitly define abortion. Instead, it outlines the various forms of abortion and the corresponding penalties. The Egyptian Court of Cassation defines it as "deliberately terminating a pregnancy prematurely."
Abortion is one of the most prevalent criminal offenses in the real world, yet it is rarely prosecuted in Egypt. This is because the crime of abortion relies on the element of concealment and is not reported, rather, it is discovered by chance, particularly if the abortion results in the death of the pregnant woman. Even if they are identified, it is challenging to provide concrete evidence to substantiate their existence. The absence of convictions may also be attributed to the judge's comprehension of the social and economic circumstances that may prompt some mothers to seek abortion as a solution. This prompts the judge to attempt to identify reasons for innocence or even a lack of responsibility.
| 2.5
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77326503
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative%20air%20ions
|
Negative air ions
|
In 2011, the official website of the China Air Negative Ion (Negative Oxygen Ion) and Ozone Research Society was launched. This website is the first negative ions industry website in China, and its purpose is to rapidly promote the orderly development of the air negative ion (negative oxygen ion) industry. In 2020, the Tsinghua University successfully developed a medical-grade high-concentration negative oxygen ion generator. It only needs to be sprayed on the room's walls to form a uniform and dense layer of nanoparticles on the wall, allowing the indoor wall to stably and long-term release high-concentration small-particle negative oxygen ions.
Generation mechanism
Common gases that produce negative air ions include single-component gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, or multi-component gases obtained by mixing these single-component gases. Various negative air ions are formed by combining active neutral molecules and electrons in the gas through a series of ion-molecule reactions.
In the air, due to the presence of many water molecules, the negative air ions formed are easy to combine with water to form hydrated negative air ions, which are typical negative air ions, such as O−·(H2O)n, O2−·(H2O)n, O3−·(H2O)n, OH−·(H2O)n, CO3−·(H2O)n, HCO3−·(H2O)n, CO4−·(H2O)n, NO2−·(H2O)n, NO3−·(H2O)n, etc. The ion clusters formed by the combination of small ions and water molecules have a longer survival period due to their large volume and the fact that the charge is protected by water molecules and is not easy to transfer. This is because in the molecular collision, the larger the molecular volume, the less energy is lost when encountering collisions with other molecules, thereby extending the survival time of negative air ions.
| 2.28125
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77326503
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative%20air%20ions
|
Negative air ions
|
Health Promotion
The effects of NAI on human/animal health are mainly concentrated on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and mental health. The impacts of NAI on the cardiovascular system include improving red blood cell deformability and aerobic metabolism and lowering blood pressure. In terms of mental health, a experiments have shown that after exposure to NAI, performance on all the experimenters test tasks (mirror drawing, rotation tracking, visual reaction time and hearing) was significantly improved, and symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) were alleviated. The effects of NAI in relieving mood disorder symptoms are similar to those of antidepressant non-drug treatment trials, and NAI have also shown effective treatment for chronic depression.
Environmental Improvement
Negative air ions can be effectively used to remove dust and settle harmful pollutants such as PM. In particular, they can significantly degrade indoor pollutants, improve people's indoor living environment, and purify air quality. Some experts and scholars have used a corona-negative ions generator to conduct experiments on particles sedimentation through three steps: charging, migration, and sedimentation. They found that charged PM will settle faster or sink faster under the action of gravity so that PM will settle/precipitate faster than uncharged PM. In addition, experimental studies have shown that negative air ions have a specific degradation effect on chloroform, toluene, and 1,5-Hexadiene and produce carbon dioxide and water as final products through the reaction.
| 2.59375
| 0
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77326779
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howella%20atlantica
|
Howella atlantica
|
Howella atlantica, commonly known as the Atlantic pelagic basslet and the Atlantic pricklefish, is a species of teleost fish in the oceanic basslet family Howellidae.
Distribution
As suggested by its specific name, Howella atlantica is found in the Atlantic Ocean, found in across all latitudes of the North Atlantic but restricted to tropical waters in the South Atlantic. It is present in both the Western and Eastern Atlantic.
H. atlantica is an inhabitant of deep, open waters between about , typically residing in the mesopelagic between .
Physical description
Howella atlantica is a small, fish with large eyes and robust spines in its first dorsal fin. It is generally dark in colour, with black scales, possibly with a greenish sheen, that have a spinous anterior margin. The head is unscaled, and is covered in skin that is dark with a metallic blue hint under illumination. At the rear margin of the opercle, there is a cluster of two spines. Its lateral line is divided into three distinct segments.
The first dorsal fin is composed of 7-8 rigid spines, with the first spine much shorter than the second; the second dorsal fin has 10-11 soft rays. The anal fin also possesses three spines, with 7-8 soft rays. H. atlantica reaches a standard length of about , however may be found larger than this in high latitudes; by contrast, smaller individuals are found in tropical seas.
Eyes
The eyes of Howella are large, as is common among mesopelagic fishes. There is a thick corneal spectacle visible in fresh specimens as a gelatinous layer that somewhat obscures the pupil. An aphakic gap is present between the iris and the lens on the anterior margin of the pupil. In fresh specimens, the retina has a distinct gold colour. Below the retina there is a reflective tapetum lucidum composed of white lipid spheres, similar to the tapeta found in weakfishes and cusk-eels. The retina contains orderly rows of rod cells.
| 2.46875
| 0
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77326964
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benggwigwishingasuchus
|
Benggwigwishingasuchus
|
As with many other paracrocodylomorphs, the ilium possesses a second crest above the supracetabular crest, though, in the case of Benggwigwishingasuchus, it has been heavily weathered following preservation. The humerus has been noted for its expanded ends, both distal and proximal, and its relative shortness compared to the length of the femur. The femur bears two tubers on its inner (medial) side, one smaller and directed towards the front (a feature seen in the majority of archosaurs) and a second, larger tuber that faces towards the back. The proximal end of the femur, the region closest to the hip, bears a deep groove as in other paracrocodylomorphs and the head itself is oriented at a 45° angle relative to the opposing distal end. The fibula has a weakly sinusoidal shaft and ends in a symmetrical and weakly rounded distal end, a feature that Benggwigwishingasuchus shares with other poposauroids. The metatarsals, the bones that make up the middle of the foot, show some atypical anatomy among archosaurs, with the fourth metatarsal being longer than both the third and second. The fifth metatarsal has a hooked proximal end and its underside features a robust tubercle similar to that of Nundasuchus. The proximal-most phalanx of the fifth toe is robust and roughly as long as it is wide.
| 2.53125
| 0
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77327167
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20M.%20Barbour%20Stone
|
Margaret M. Barbour Stone
|
Margaret Manson Barbour Stone (February 27, 1841 – June 25, 1913) was an American writer and clubwoman, based in St. Louis, Missouri.
Early life and education
Barbour was born in St. Louis, the daughter of William E. Barbour and Mary C. Berry Barbour. She attended Mary Institute.
Career
Stone was "president and originator" of the Modern Novel Club in 1885. She also created public contests for housework tasks, in the 1890s. Her novel One of "Berrian's" Novels (1890) is set in the 21st-century utopia of Bellamy's Looking Backward (1888); Berrian is a novelist in the Bellamy book. She lectured in New York City, and studied "the domestic problem" in Paris.
Stone spent fifteen years working on her book A Practical Study of the Soul (1901). "I don't think the physicians will agree with what I say, and I am very sure that educational persons will not," she told an interviewer in 1901. The book was described as being "written with the sincerest wish to help humanity to avoid the many wrecks which strew the path of life" and which "may well prove of no little service as an aid in the development of character." "This book impresses one as the work of a woman of vivacious intelligence, fairly serious-minded, a reader of lay philosophy and transcendental essays and adapted to be a leader in culture clubs," noted a reviewer in the Baltimore Sun, who judged the book "not sheer nonsense."
Publications
One of "Berrian's" Novels (1890)
The Problem of Domestic Service (1892)
"To Reading Clubs and Students of Fiction" (1896, pamphlet)
A Practical Study of the Soul (1901)
Personal life
Barbour married professor Charles Henry Stone in 1862; they had five children; her daughter Jasmine Stone married artist William Van Dresser, and became a writer of children's books. Her daughter Lillian Stone was a playwright, married to writer William Flewellyn Saunders. Her husband died in 1906, and she died in 1913, at the age of 72, at her daughter's home in St. Louis.
| 2.40625
| 0
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77327381
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadu%20Mai%20Maina
|
Muhammadu Mai Maina
|
Meanwhile, Shehu Garbai moved to Monguno, which served as his temporary capital. The Shehu inherited Rabeh's massive armoury, which in 1895 was the largest in West Africa. Hewby ordered the Shehu to surrender the weapons, to which the Shehu initially agreed. However, some of his high-ranking officials convinced him to ignore the order. According to Mai Maina, upon hearing this, he immediately went to the Shehu's 'nearest confidants' and warned them against rebelling against the British, arguing that even Rabeh had failed to defeat them. He then reported the situation to Hewby. The Shehu eventually surrendered the guns to Hewby.
Mai Maina accompanied the colonial officials in the Bornu to establish British control on the newly established province. This involved touring the province and 'pacifying' the inhabitants, including the Emirate of Fika and the formidable Chibuk people. He also witnessed the Battle of Burmi where Muhammadu Attahiru, the last independent Sultan of Sokoto, was killed by the British in 1903.
Chief of Margi
Mai Maina remained in Bornu, continuing his work with the colonial government. During his time there, the Kanuri inhabitants gave him the nicknames Mai Maina, meaning 'king-prince,' and Maina Turjiman, meaning 'prince of interpreters.' In 1913, the Resident of Bornu, Hewby, with whom Mai Maina had worked closely, retired and returned to Britain. Soon after, Mai Maina also left government service and was made Chief of the Margi District. This district was notoriously unsafe due to the Chibuk raiders. A senior administrator touring the area in 1916 described Mai Maina as "one of the most efficient natives I have ever had to do business with."
| 2.3125
| 0
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77327385
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews%20in%20Greenland
|
Jews in Greenland
|
Greenland is a large, mostly arctic, and ice covered Island, in the Western Hemisphere, with a population of 56,789 people as of 2024. There is no permanent Jewish population on the island, but there have been Jews who have lived there temporarily, like Danish Jewish soldiers, American Jewish soldiers, Israeli navy members, and members of the Israeli Air Force.
History
There had never been a permanent Jewish community in Greenland, but Jewish fisherman have fished in its abundant waters. As Icelandic-born historian Vilhjálmur Örn Vilhjálmsson writes in his book "Antisemitism in the North", "there were certainly Jews among the first Dutch whalers in the 16th and 17th centuries."
In the 1920s, Alfred Wegener, who famously discovered continental drift, came to Greenland with his friend and fellow meteorologist Fritz Loewe, who was Jewish. Loewe got frostbite while trying to reach the center of Greenland. Loewe's team had to amputate his toes with scissors.
In 1941, the United States, built an airbase at Thule, in order to help Denmark defend Greenland, and their other colonial possessions, from increasing German aggression in Europe, prior to World War II. In the 1950s there were more than 50 Jewish servicemen stationed in the Thule airbase at one time. Inside the airbase, Shabbat services, Passover Seders, and prayers for the Jewish High Holidays were held. As a result, previously mentioned historian Vilhjálmsson writes about Thule, "having the northernmost minyan [prayer quorum] in the world."
In 1955, a German traveler, by the name of Alfred J. Fisher went to look for Jews in Greenland. To his surprise he found a nurse by the name of Rita Sheftelovich. Fischer wrote:
Rita, whose family was Religious Zionists, moved from Russia to Denmark to escape antisemitism, and to Greenland for adventure, like other young Danes. Rita lived an Orthodox Jewish lifestyle there. She was able to eat kosher by avoiding meat, and eating the fish that was plentiful in the nearby water
| 2.875
| 0
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77327444
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20rice%20black-streaked%20dwarf%20virus
|
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus
|
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Sedoreoviridae, causing diseases in rice and maize, resulting in significant crop losses in Southern Asian countries. It is a member of the genus Fijivirus. It is not to be confused with the Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, as this virus does not contain the same insect vectors, and is an entirely separate virus. The sole transmitter of SRBSDV is Sogatella furcifera, aka the "white-backed planthopper" (WBPH). Close relative to the Laodelphax striatellus (small brown planthopper), which transmits the RBSD virus.
Transmission
The SRBSDV spreads via the WBPH, the sole transmitter of this virus. The insect picks up the virus when feeding on an infected plant, proceeding to spread it to other plants.
Affected areas
SRBSDV was first found in southern China in 2001. Since then, it has spread to other parts of East Asia, causing serious damage to rice and maize crops in countries like China, Vietnam, and Japan.
Most affected countries have already implemented preventative actions, such as nets to protect crops, treating seeds with chemicals, and spraying seedlings with pesticides. Scientists are also trying to create rice and maize plants that are naturally resistant to the virus.
| 2.71875
| 0
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77327514
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca%20de%20M%C3%A9xico%20Jos%C3%A9%20Vasconcelos
|
Biblioteca de México José Vasconcelos
|
The Biblioteca de México José Vasconcelos is a public library in Centro, Mexico City across from the Balderas metro station. It is open to the public daily 8:30am–7:30pm.
History
The building was built at the end of the 18th century to house the Royal Tobacco Factory of New Spain.
Viceroy Bucareli commissioned military engineer Miguel Constanzó to draw up the plans, but it was Miguel Mascaró who designed and calculated the cost of the work in 1788. The Academy of San Fernando ruled unfavorably on the project, so in 1793 he was He commissioned the construction of the building to the Spanish architect Antonio González Velázquez, director of architecture of the Mexican Academy of San Carlos. Four years later the work was suspended, and it was not until 1805 when the architect Ignacio Costera resumed the work until its completion in June 1807.
A year later the building was remodeled, and it had other uses besides being a tobacco factory. In 1815 it served as a political prison for the insurgent Don José María Morelos y Pavón, from where he emerged to be shot in San Cristóbal Ecatepec.
During the Independence Movement, Viceroy Félix María Calleja made the necessary arrangements for the building to be designated as the General Artillery Park, officially becoming a Citadel, on October 19, 1816.
Once Independence was achieved, General Guadalupe Victoria used the Citadel building to store weapons. Later, President Vicente Guerrero corrected the exterior layout, expanded and deepened the moats that surrounded it, and remodeled its patios and rooms.
Due to its architecture, the construction of the Citadel responds to the neoclassical style and sober ornamentation in keeping with the time in which it was built, and due to the solidity of its structure that gives it an appearance of a fortress, it was the scene of several political and military pronouncements such as the cuartelazo of 1913, pronounced by the anti-Maderista forces and better known as “The Tragic Decade.”
| 2.578125
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77327971
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Le%20Lude
|
History of Le Lude
|
The year 1793 saw the commencement of the Vendée insurrection in response to the mass conscription decreed by the Convention. On March 18, the 60 men of the National Guard of Le Lude, under the command of the notary Lépingleux, were mobilized. The men subsequently joined the companies of La Flèche and Baugé, and on the following day, they reached the city of Saumur, where they confronted the insurgents. The Battle of Chemillé, which took place on April 11, resulted in the deaths of several guards from Le Lude. Le Lude was temporarily threatened during the Virée de Galerne. On December 10, 1793, while the insurgents had occupied La Flèche for three days, members of the municipal council of Le Lude sought refuge in Coulongé. As the Vendéens, having been defeated at Le Mans a few days prior, retreated towards the Loire, the representative on mission Garnier de Saintes ordered several companies of National Guards, including those from Châteaudun, Château-du-Loir, and Vendôme, to guard the bridge at Le Lude to prevent the insurgents from crossing. Despite the annihilation of the Catholic and Royal Army, disturbances persisted. Groups of Chouans continued to incite unrest in the region, resulting in occasional clashes. One such incident occurred on February 1, 1795, near the domain of Cherbon, situated to the north of the commune.
| 2.5625
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77327971
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Le%20Lude
|
History of Le Lude
|
In the months following the liberation of the town, economic activity resumed. To address the labor shortage resulting from the continued captivity of numerous French soldiers in Germany, local farmers recruited approximately thirty German prisoners from the for agricultural labor. On October 3, 1945, eleven of them were also engaged in the construction of the new municipal stadium at the end of Chemin de la Cave-au-Coq, which was inaugurated three years later. While the economy developed, railway transport declined rapidly. The last passenger train arrived at Le Lude station in June 1949.
On December 29, 1955, a violent storm struck western France. The bell tower of Saint-Vincent Church was destroyed and not rebuilt identically, lacking its spire. In 1949, the bodies of the 19 Russian prisoners who died during their detention were exhumed and transferred to the town cemetery. In 1985, two steles were erected in their honor: one in the cemetery and the other near the factory entrance where they were held. The latter was inaugurated in the presence of the Soviet consul.
In the latter half of the 20th century, the town gained a certain degree of renown as a result of some notable events. Le Lude stands out for having hosted the European Jeep-Cross Championship in 1953 and 1954. However, it was primarily the presence of its castle that brought fame to the town. In 1958, Princess Pia-Maria of Orléans-Braganza, widow of Count René de Nicolaÿ, commissioned the creation of one of France's first sound and light shows at the château. The show ensured the building's and the town's fame until its final performance in 1995.
The most significant accomplishment of the late 20th century in Le Lude was the establishment of the Espace Ronsard in 1989. This complex encompasses a dining hall and a 440-seat theater, utilized for film screenings and cultural events.
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77328028
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano%20Ballarini
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Stefano Ballarini
|
In 1928 Ballarini performed the role of Donner in Richard Wagner's Das Rheingold at La Scala under the baton on Ettore Panizza. He then worked mainly in Germany and Austria where he was a principal guest artist at the Berlin State Opera (1929-1930), the Dresden State Opera (1930-1931), the Vienna Volksoper in (1932-1933), and the Vienna State Opera (1935). In 1936 he was a guest artist at the Hungarian State Opera.
Ballarini also appeared at the Teatro Colón (TC) in Argentina; making his debut at that house in 1931. He returned in 1933 for a season of German language operas conducted by Roberto Kinsky. Later at that theatre he appeared as Count Lamoral in Argentina's first performance of Richard Strauss's Arabella on August 16, 1934,
and was the baritone soloist in Argentina's first performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion on 25 September 1934 under conductor Fritz Busch. Other operas he performed in at the TC included Bedřich Smetana's The Bartered Bride (1934).
Later life and career in the United States
By the autumn of 1936, Ballarini had arrived in the United States and was studying singing in New York City with Estelle Liebling. He made his United States debut using the name Stefano Ballarini with the Chicago City Opera Company (CCOC) in Ottorino Respighi La fiamma on October 31, 1936. This was followed by the part of Escamillo in Georges Bizet's Carmen with the CCOC in November 1936 with Gertrud Pålson-Wettergren in the title role. He repeated the latter role with the Philadelphia Civic Grand Opera Company (PCGCO) at Philadelphia's Academy of Music in February 1937, and two months later performed the part of Scarpia in Giacomo Puccini's Tosca with the PCGCO.
| 2.046875
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77328100
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-hyphenation
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De-hyphenation
|
De-hyphenation is a form of foreign policy where a country keeps diplomatic ties with two or more countries with conflicting interests, without letting the conflicts prioritize one country over another. The policy allows countries to hold independent relations with countries otherwise distrustful or hostile towards each other while treating each country as a single entity rather than as a part of a conflict with the other countries.
Etymology
The term de-hyphenation refers to "removing the hyphen that links two entities". In the context of foreign policy, it signifies the act of untangling or disentangling the relationships between two countries or regions that were previously considered together or linked in some way. By using the term "de-hyphenation," it emphasizes the need to treat each entity independently and distinctly, rather than as a combined or interconnected unit. The word effectively captures the concept of breaking apart the previously linked foreign policy approach to allow for more tailored and individualized strategies towards each entity.
Examples of de-hyphenation
Indian de-hyphenation policy on Israel and Palestine
In 2014, the then newly elected Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, instituted the de-hyphenation policy towards Israel. The aim behind the policy was to form diplomatic ties with Israel independent from the diplomatic ties India shall have with Palestine.
| 2.6875
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77328323
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20United%20Nations%20Plaza
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One United Nations Plaza
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One United Nations Plaza is a mixed-use building in Turtle Bay, Manhattan that was designed for the United Nations by Kevin Roche & John Dinkeloo.
Description
One UN Plaza is a mixed-use building in Turtle Bay, Manhattan that was designed for the United Nations by Kevin Roche and John Dinkeloo. One UN Plaza is located across First Avenue from the UN headquarters in Midtown Manhattan of New York City. One UN Plaza is situated on the north side of 44th Street. The United Nations Development Corporation or UNDC is a quasi-public institution which developed and presently operates One UN Plaza. UNDC operates and maintains the office space at One UN Plaza. The hotel, which today occupies both One and Two UN Plaza, is operated by the Millennium Hotel Group and is known as the Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza. The hotel/office complex was built in stages due to public outcry and lack of funding. Due to a general economic recession and community opposition in the late 60s and early 70s, the large-scale plans for an office/hotel complex and conference space were tabled. Thus, One UN Plaza was built first in 1976. This was followed by Two UN Plaza in 1983. As the name suggests, UNDC's principal tenants are the United Nations, the UN Development Programme, UNICEF, and other missions to the UN. The Millennium Hilton New York One UN Plaza is a privately owned hotel and occupies the lobby, the upper floors, the swimming pool, and the tennis/racquetball courts.
One UN Plaza (also referred to as Tower One, D.C. 1, or simply "One") opened in 1975 and is a 39-story mixed-use office building and hotel, the first of its kind in New York City. It is located at the northwest corner of 44th Street and First Avenue. The building includes 420,000 square feet of office space on floors 2 through 26, hotel space on floors 2, then 27 through 39, and separate ground floor offices and hotel lobbies.
| 2.03125
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77328323
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20United%20Nations%20Plaza
|
One United Nations Plaza
|
Land acquisition
During the 1940s, a real estate developer named William Zeckendorf began actively buying properties in Turtle Bay to construct or develop Turtle Bay. However, Zeckendorf was unsure as to what type of development he would be allowed to build by New York City's Planning Commission or New York's City Council. For that reason, he coined the term, "X City" since he had no idea what to build. Both the Planning Commission and New York's City Council are the two powerful organizations that determine the future of building sites in New York City as part of New York's home-rule designation for municipalities. Both are required for a new building, which then needs approval from the at-the-time Board of Estimate, all as important as the mayor's approval, the governor of New York State and New York State's legislature. But it wasn't until 1946 – after World War II – that a six-square city block and the slaughterhouse area were razed. Then the Third Avenue el train closed in 1955, which was the last of Manhattan's el trains, and the 16-acre area known as Turtle Bay or X City was destined to become the UN Plaza, headquartered at the UN Secretariat, its UN General Assembly and associated buildings.
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77328323
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20United%20Nations%20Plaza
|
One United Nations Plaza
|
Roche began with the basics. "A building is crafted from "traditional columnar forms with a base, a shaft, and a capital and an office building needs a core." When Roche was asked if his design was minimalistic, he replied by stating, "Simplifying and abstracting the essence of that form is the same, whether it is composed on a more traditional line or on a modernist line. [One UN Plaza] is a minimalist, abstract form, a sculpture." Roche agreed that the rectangular floor space should have a minimum of 13,000 sq. ft. "The form of the UN Plaza buildings was derived from required setbacks mandated by fire laws and change in function of the buildings."
According to Roche, three zoning possibilities existed for designing buildings. In the "first standard zoning" possibility, "there is a single box, a sheer tower built at 50 percent of the site to increase lot occupancy for reduction of permitted bulk. This is the only chance of building a truly rectangular building." While the other possibilities can follow the property lines resulting in odd-shaped office spaces that are difficult to use, the first, a strict tower proposal can have thirty-four stories with 10,300 sq. ft. per floor at a grand total of 350,200 sq. ft. Within the property confines, and with existing zoning "it became apparent that there was no clear satisfactory solution, neither in terms of function, or public good." If he built right off the street and straight up, Roche would be compounding an already hopeless situation. "Do I just design a shaft and walk away, and say, well, that's the nature of the building? There is nothing else to do? On one hand you might be [helping], but then, you might not."
| 2.28125
| 0
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77328369
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1596%20Assembly%20of%20Notables
|
1596 Assembly of Notables
|
This assumed the maintenance of the current tax regimen, however Bellièvre was aware that the simultaneous payment by the population of the taille taillon and crue for a sum of 18,000,000 livres was not sustainable. Bellièvre proposed reducing this tax burden by 3,000,000 livres. This would be counter-balanced by raising an equal tax burden on the walled towns. As for the 24,000,000 livres the crown owed for those years when it had been unable to satisfy the rentes it had failed to pay in prior years. While Bellièvre could not countenance the renouncing of the entire obligation, he suggested the creditors might be amenable to receipt of half. To pay this half, a new rente of 15,000,000 livres would be issued on an interest rate of 6%. This new rente would entail a cost of 900,000 livres a year, but would free the kingdom from the burden of 600,000 livres of interest that it currently owed a year. A final budget deficit of 126,000 thus presented itself, but Bellièvre believed he could identify further economies to eliminate this.
| 2
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77328466
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada%20Shrimpton
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Ada Shrimpton
|
Ada Matilda Shrimpton (married name Giles, 1856 – 1925) was an English watercolour painter and printmaker.
Early life
She was born at Old Alresford in 1856, daughter of George Shrimpton and Elizabeth Blake, and educated at Queen’s College, London. For a time she worked as a governess.
Art and printmaking
In 1883, she moved to stay with a cousin in Reading, where she studied at the Reading School of Art and gave lectures on artistic anatomy in 1885. She later gained a scholarship to the National Art Training School in South Kensington and studied oil painting under Jean-Paul Laurens and Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant in Paris. From 1889 she exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Royal Institute of Water-Colours, the Society of Women Artists, the Paris Salon, and provincial galleries in England and Australia, showing flower paintings, genre scenes, and portraits.
In 1907 she married printmaker William Giles, whom she had met at the Reading School of Art. Both keen travellers, they married in Venice, and he announced their wedding by producing a print of the couple standing on the seashore. She and her husband experimented with applying Japanese woodcut techniques to metal relief printing, a technique seen in Ada’s 1911 print 'Almond Blossoms in the Apennines'. She exhibited with the Society of Graver Printers, where she was a member of the council, from 1913 until the year of her death. Her help and financial backing led to the founding of The Original Colour Print Magazine in 1924.
Death and legacy
Ada died in 1925. In her will she set up the 'A.M. Shrimpton and William Giles Bequest' to promote the art of colour printmaking. The British Museum used this fund to purchase pieces until 2005, when it was taken over by the Victoria and Albert Museum.
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77328514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyxoria%20varia
|
Alyxoria varia
|
Alyxoria varia is a widely distributed species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecanographaceae. Its common name, scribble lichen, refers to the form of its ascomata (fruiting bodies), which are long or short, sometimes branched, and with blackened walls and bases. The thallus of the lichen is hidden mostly within the bark itself and barely visible.
Taxonomy
Alyxoria varia was described as a new species in 1794 by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, who originally classified it in the genus Opegrapha. It has had a long and complicated taxonomic history, having been redescribed under different names several times. It got its current binomial name when it was reclassified in the genus Alyxoria by Damien Ertz and Anders Tehler in 2011. Alyxoria varia is thought to represent a complex of species with uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Growth and development
Research on the growth and development of Alyxoria varia ascomata has provided insights into their longevity and reproductive strategies. A long-term study using sequential photography over several years revealed that ascomata can continue to grow for a decade or more, elongating from both ends. The growth rate of ascomata declines with age, with the most rapid growth occurring at initiation. Ascomata reach maturity (>1 mm long) in about 5 years, but can continue growing to reach lengths of approximately 3 mm after 10 years or more. Ascus development begins early, with even the smallest observed ascomata (0.19 mm long and estimated to be 10 months old) containing a high density of asci.
The density of asci in the pseudohymenium is highest in younger, smaller ascomata and declines with age. Mature appear about 10 months after ascoma initiation. After reaching maturity at around 5 years, the ascus density within the pseudohymenium declines, although individual ascomata may persist for a decade or more.
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77329722
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmarian%20Bible
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Palmarian Bible
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Scripture in the pontifical documents of Pope Gregory XVII
The Palmarian Catholic Church claims that Jesus Christ moved the Holy See of the Catholic Church to the "Mystical Desert" of El Palmar de Troya, Andalusia, Spain, in 1978, in the form of Pope Gregory XVII (born Clemente Domínguez y Gómez), following on from the supposed Great Apostasy of the Roman Catholic Church from the Catholic faith. Domínguez was a stigmatist and mystical seer associated with the alleged apparitions of Our Lady of Palmar. Representing a Catholic traditionalist pushback against the Second Vatican Council, in the early Papal documents of Pope Gregory XVII, released between 1978 and 1980, the Palmarians discuss sacred scripture in several documents. Notably, the Forty-Fourth Document published on 12 December 1979, lionises the Book of Isaias and sees within it prophecies foretelling of the Palmarians in the Last Times of the Church; "The Holy Prophet Isaiah, when he speaks of the last times of the Church of Christ, repeatedly speaks of the Desert, the Holy Mountain, Mount Carmel, and of the Great Pontiff of the Last Times — as well as the great blind one who sees with spiritual eyes: the eyes of the soul" and in addition to this, "The Holy Prophet Isaiah speaks of the need to draw the faithful out of Babylon to avoid contagion, and to lead them to the desert, to the Holy Mountain, to Mount Carmel. The Holy Prophet Isaiah foretells the fall and destruction of the second Jerusalem, the present Rome, the City of the Seven Hills."
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77329729
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy%20Ned
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Happy Ned
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Ormiston reformed her ways after the incident, and moved to 3 Wainwrights Yard, in Warrington, where she lived with a female companion. In 1886, she reported to the Warrington Borough Police Court that she had saved up money and earned £1 per week. She was in court having accused Margaret Killala (or Kilalee) of stealing her purse which contained around £4. Ormiston said that she had brought food to Killala, who claimed to be starving and that the woman had then stolen her purse. When asked to identify herself, Ormiston stated, that she had never used her birth name, was never christened, and was called 'Elizabeth Harriet'. When pressed for her surname, Ormiston replied, "It is Urmston now, but it formerly was, in my younger days, Taylor". Although the police searched the accused and the home of Ormiston, the purse was not found. Lacking direct evidence, the Mayor advised that while they believed Killala had taken the money, there was no evidence. He discharged Killala on her own recognisance, but required her to pay a bond of £20 and appear if later called upon.
Death and legacy
Happy Ned died in Warrington in 1887, and his obituary appeared in newspapers from Australia to the United States. He was buried as 'Harriet Ormaston' on 5 September 1887, in St. Mary's Cemetery at Great Sankey, Lancashire County, England. In Ned's lifetime, he gained notoriety for dressing and working as a man, but was always reported to be a woman in media coverage. Despite always acknowledging his various female names, he was most commonly known as Happy Ned. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, gender studies scholars like Elisabeth Krimmer and historian Julie Wheelwright have included brief mention of Elizabeth Taylor in books dealing with women who cross-dressed to serve in the military. Wheelwright stated that a ballad "immortalised" Taylor's life story. Two different ballads tell her story and were reprinted in newspapers for decades after her death. One, in which the first two stanzas were printed in 1887 as:
| 2.046875
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77329751
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine%20II%20Co%C3%ABffier%20de%20Ruz%C3%A9
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Antoine II Coëffier de Ruzé
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The Marquis d'Effiat was orphaned at an early age, 5 or 6, and was survived only by his grandmother Marie de Fourcy, wife of Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé, through whom he was linked to the powerful ministerial family of the Phélypeaux and to the minister Claude Le Peletier, who in 1696 bought the Hôtel d'Effiat, the family's former Parisian townhouse.
On May 2, 1660, he married Marie-Anne Olivier de Leuville, born in 1637 or 1638, daughter of Louis Olivier, Marquis de Leuville, lieutenant general of the king's armies, and his wife Anne Morand. Marie-Anne Olivier de Leuville died on February 21, 1684, childless. Thereafter, the Marquis d'Effiat did not remarry.
Grand seigneur and courtier
Antoine II Coëffier de Ruzé was marquis of Effiat, lord of Vichy, Longjumeau, Gannat, Montrichard and Chilly. He was lord of Crocq from 1668 to 1701 when he sold this barony to François du Ligondès.
It was his grandfather and namesake, Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé d'Effiat, who in 1624 obtained the erection of Chilly and Longjumeau into a marquisate and then launched the construction of Château de Chilly, which was continued by his widow, Marie de Fourcy. Louis XIV spent several nights there during the Marquis d'Effiat's youth. Antoine II Coëffier de Ruzé d'Effiat inherited the seigneury of Montrichard from his mother. He organized hunts there, to which he gave particular splendor.
In the mid-1660s, the Marquis d'Effiat entered the household of Monsieur (Philippe d'Orléans), brother of Louis XIV, where he obtained the enviable positions of premier écuyer and grand veneur. His wife, Marie-Anne Olivier de Leuville, became governess to Monsieur's children in December 1679, but did not hold this position for long, dying in February 1684.
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77329751
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine%20II%20Co%C3%ABffier%20de%20Ruz%C3%A9
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Antoine II Coëffier de Ruzé
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After Monsieur died in 1701, the new Duc d'Orléans, future Regent, remained close to his father's friends, including the Marquis d'Effiat. Along with the Abbé de Grancé, the Marquis de Nesle, François-Antoine de Simiane d'Esparron, Alexandre-Philippe de Conflans and others, the Marquis d'Effiat became one of the new Duc d'Orléans' evening companions, notably at the famous "petits soupers (small dinners)", where guests ate, drank and enjoyed themselves. Under the Regency, the Marquis d'Effiat continued to attend these parties, with other guests joining in.
The Marquis d'Effiat rendered services to his protector. In 1706, he attested that a child born in 1702 to Marie Louise Madeleine Victoire d'Argenton, daughter-in-waiting of the Duchesse d'Orléans, was indeed the natural son of the Duc d'Orléans. This child was baptized in Chilly in 1706 as Jean Philippe d'Orléans, then recognized by his father.
When Louis XIV died in September 1715 and the Regency was established, the Marquis d'Effiat tried unsuccessfully to use his influence to keep his relative Jérôme Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain's position as Secretary of State for the Navy and the King's Household. He failed, but his efforts were instrumental in transferring part of Jérôme de Pontchartrain's duties to his young son, Maurepas.
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77330373
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren%20Mukheibir
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Lauren Mukheibir
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Lauren Mukheibir (born October 8, 2001) is a South African rock climber who specializes in competition climbing. As of 2024, Mukheibir is the reigning female African Champion in the women's combined bouldering-and-lead category, and she represented South Africa in that category at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Climbing career
Mukheibir was born in Sandton, South Africa, grew up in Bryanston, and began rock climbing when she was nine years old.
In 2021, Mukheibir became the African women's continental champion in boulder, lead, and speed climbing when she won first place at the IFSC Africa Continental Championships. At the 2022 World Games in Birmingham, Alabama, Mukheibir placed 12th in the lead and speed categories and 11th in the bouldering category. Mukheibir moved to Perth, Australia for her studies in 2023 where she trained for the African Olympic qualifiers with the help of South African coach Devin Sender and Australian coach Alan Pryce. She also participated in the Innsbruck stage of the 2024 IFSC Climbing World Cup in June 2024.
Mukheibir won the women's combined category at the IFSC African Sport Climbing Olympic Qualifier in Pretoria in December 2023, qualifying her for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. She was the only female climber at the Qualifier to top the second problem in the boulder phase. She was one of four sport climbers representing South Africa at the 2024 Summer Olympics, where she competed in the 'women's competition bouldering-and-competition lead climbing combined' event.
Personal life
Mukheibir graduated cum laude from Edith Cowan University in Perth, Australia with a degree in marine biology. She decided to study marine biology after volunteering in the Seychelles for a scuba diving programme in 2020.
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69816008
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20ARCO%20explosion
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1990 ARCO explosion
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An explosion at the ARCO Chemical (ACC) Channelview, Texas petrochemical plant killed 17 people and injured five others on July 5, 1990. It was one of the deadliest industrial disasters in the history of the Greater Houston area.
The land along the Houston Ship Channel is a heavily industrialized area, with numerous oil refineries. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, several large industrial disasters occurred in the area, with the largest being the Phillips disaster of 1989, a refinery explosion that resulted in 23 deaths and over 100 injuries. In the community of Channelview, ACC operated a petrochemical plant that was the world's largest producer of the fuel additive methyl tert-butyl ether. On July 5, 1990, employees at the plant were working on restarting a compressor for a wastewater storage tank at the facility. The tank held wastewater that contained hydrocarbons until it could be deposited in a disposal well. Because the hydrocarbons in the tank could vaporize, the tank had an oxygen analyzer that kept track of the oxygen concentration in the tank and had a nitrogen sweep system to keep the gas inert. However, unbeknownst to the employees, the oxygen analyzer had malfunctioned and as a result, the oxygen level in the tank was at a dangerous level. While restarting the compressor, the gas ignited and caused a large explosion. The explosion completely destroyed the tank and some of the surrounding facility infrastructure, affecting an area the size of a city block.
Following the accident, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) fined ACC about $3.48 million for over 300 violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the largest OSHA fine at the time. Additionally, the company agreed to safety changes at its other three plants in the United States. Damages were estimated to total $100 million; however, ACC spent only $36 million in repairs and upgrades at the Channelview plant including $20 million on safety redundancies.
Background
Previous industrial accidents in the area
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69816008
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20ARCO%20explosion
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1990 ARCO explosion
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The Houston Ship Channel is a roughly long waterway that links the Texas city of Houston to Galveston Bay and, ultimately, the Gulf of Mexico. The channel makes up part of the port of Houston, which in 1990 was the third-largest port in the United States. The land on either side of the channel is a heavily industrialized area, with approximately 150 industries in operation there in 1990, including numerous oil refineries. A 1990 article in the Los Angeles Times referred to the area as having "the largest complex of petrochemical plants in the nation", and during the late 1980s and early 1990s, there were several large-scale explosions or disasters at these plants. In October 1989, a refinery in Pasadena, Texas, that was operated by the Phillips Petroleum Company exploded in a disaster that killed 23 people and injured over 100, and two more explosions the following year at different refineries injured a further seven people. These incidents prompted an April 1990 report from Secretary of Labor Elizabeth Dole to President George H. W. Bush that called on the petrochemical industry to develop stronger safety plans to prevent future accidents.
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69816138
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20in%20Dhaka
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Transport in Dhaka
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Dhaka suffers from the absence of a deliberate, integrated road network, characterised by narrow and discontinuous roads, staggered junctions, and a lack of accessibility for emergency vehicles. Additionally, there is no system of feeder streets leading to arterials and highways. Only seven per cent of the city is covered by roads, compared to around 25 per cent in Paris and Vienna and 40 per cent in Washington and Chicago. The city has 650 major intersections, with traffic management largely manual, often employing ropes, cones, and bamboo fences by the traffic police. In the World Traffic Index 2020, Dhaka ranked 10th for poor traffic management among 228 cities. Despite efforts to improve and introduce automatic signals, these initiatives have failed and are largely ignored by road users.
Several projects under construction or in planning aim to allow addressing the road network's lack of bypass and ring roads, including the Dhaka–Ashulia Elevated Expressway, the Dhaka Bypass Expressway, Panchabati–Muktarpur highway, Rayerbazar–Kamrangirchar inner ring road, Postagola–Chashara and Gabtoli–Dhour ring roads, and elevated roads connecting the north to the south and east to west of the city.
Bridges and flyovers
On the periphery of the city, there are three bridges over the Buriganga River, which is of great economic importance to Dhaka: the Postogola Bridge, the Babubazar Bridge, and the Basila Bridge. These bridges connect the main part of the capital with the growing townships in the south. There are plans to build more bridges over this river to further enhance connectivity as traffic pressure mounts on the existing bridges.
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69816256
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens%20of%20the%20Neo-Assyrian%20Empire
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Queens of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
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The queen (Assyrian: issi ekalli or sēgallu, ) of the Neo-Assyrian Empire was the consort of the Neo-Assyrian king. Though the queens derived their power and influence through their association with their husband, they were not pawns without political power. The queens oversaw their own, often considerable, finances and owned vast estates throughout the empire. To oversee their assets, the queens employed a large administrative staff headed by a set of female administrators called šakintu. Among the duties of the queens were religious responsibilities and overseeing parts of the royal palaces; their role as "rulers of the domestic realm" is reflected in their title as "Women of the Palace". The power and influence of the queens was increased further under the Sargonid dynasty (722–609 BC), when they more frequently appear in artwork and large military units directly subservient to the queen were created.
The most famous and powerful Neo-Assyrian queen was Shammuramat, who for a time might have served as regent for her young son Adad-nirari III after the death of her husband Shamshi-Adad V in 811 BC. Shammuramat is also recorded to have accompanied her son on military campaigns. The tombs and remains of numerous queens have been found through excavations of the Queens' tombs at Nimrud, which has given considerable insight into their lives as well as their attire and regalia.
Status and role
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69816256
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens%20of%20the%20Neo-Assyrian%20Empire
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Queens of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
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Title and symbol of the queen
The Akkadian cuneiform term used to designate the queen in the Neo-Assyrian Empire was , or , which would be rendered in Assyrian as issi ekalli, literally meaning "Woman of the Palace". The term could also perhaps be abbeviated to sēgallu, with the same meaning. Modern historians recognize the Neo-Assyrian "Women of the Palace" as queens, though this diverges from the ancient Assyrian terminology. The feminine version of the word for "king" (šarru) was šarratu, but this term was only applied to goddesses and queens of foreign nations who ruled in their own right. Since the Assyrian consorts did not rule themselves, the Assyrians did not refer to them as šarratu. The difference in terminology does not necessarily mean that foreign queens, who often governed significantly smaller territories than the Neo-Assyrian Empire, were seen as having a higher status than the Assyrian queens. Still, a handful of modern historians, such as Sarah C. Melville, prefer to designate the Assyrian queens simply as "wives" or "consorts". The title of "Woman of the Palace" was a new invention of the Neo-Assyrian period; in the Middle Assyrian Empire, which directly preceded the Neo-Assyrian Empire, queens were designated as aššat šarre ("Wife of the King").
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69816256
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens%20of%20the%20Neo-Assyrian%20Empire
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Queens of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
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Sources
Surviving source material in regards to individual Assyrian queens is very scarce; while alive, queens appear to rarely have been designated by name and as such, the majority of available references concerning them are funerary texts and inscriptions. The names of many queens thus remain unknown. The most extensive information concerning the queens has been recovered from the Queens' tombs at Nimrud, discovered in 1988. Often, very little historical information is available for each queen. The earliest queen known from the Neo-Assyrian period, Mullissu-mukannishat-Ninua (wife of Ashurnasirpal II) is the only of the queens for whom any details of her family history are known for certain; her funerary inscription mentions that her father was Ashur-nirka-da’’inni, the "great cupbearer" of Ashurnasirpal.
In contrast to the scarce record of the names of the queens, queens are frequently attested in administrative documents without their names. Such documents provide insight into their households, position and status, but it can be difficult to identify which queen they belong to. The known documents mentioning queens amount to nearly 200 texts, distributed in time from 844 BC to the fall of the capital city of Nineveh in 612 BC.
Presence in art
Though many artistic depictions of kings and male officials survive from the Neo-Assyrian Empire, few depictions of queens are known. This is not necessarily an indication that they were not important, but could rather be understood as a measure taken to ensure the security of the royal women; a significant number of surviving texts illustrate that the Assyrians believed that any negative act done towards an image would have detrimental effects for the person it portrayed.
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69816343
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%20Maka
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Stone Maka
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In 2008, Maka received the Margaret Stoddart award for his work in the Festival of Flowers, along with a cash prize of $2000. This further propelled his success in the following year, where he was selected as the Pacific artist in Residence at the University of Canterbury, where he received studio space, financial stipends and resources. Alumni of this award include Tusiata Avia, David Fane, John Pule and Michel Tuffery.
Maka's art practice is heavily influenced and inspired from his Tongan heritage, where he incorporates a multitude of styles, including traditional Tongan art forms, from creating Ngatu (Tapa) made from the bark of the Mulberry tree, combining contemporary and experimental methods and techniques, which in turn assist with his general process of creating most of his works. Maka's specific style was showcased with his work Toga mo Bolata'ane, where he was selected alongside other Māori and Pasifika artists, including Lisa Reihana, FAFSWAG, Elisapeta Heta, and John Miller to exhibit this work at the 22nd Biennale in Sydney. Maka uses the traditional Tongan art form of Ngatu Tā 'Uli and painting to illustrate the relationship between the monarchs Queen Sālote Tupou III and Queen Elizabeth II and the wider implications of interconnectivity between Tonga and Britain.
In 2014 Maka was exhibited in the Tonga 'i Onopooni at Pataka Art and Museum in Lower Hutt, this was the first exhibition of contemporary Tongan artists living in New Zealand. His work from this exhibition Ngatu ta'uli (blackened tapa cloth) (2010) is now in the permanent collection of Te Papa, the national museum of New Zealand.
In 2020 Maka's art practice was welding contemporary and Tongan heritage art forms using spiderwebs to create intricate patterns on Ngatu.
Solo exhibitions
2024, “TUKUTONGA” (leaving Home,or Leaving Tonga), “ Jonathan Smart Gallery.
2022, Kumi Ē Manatu (Finding Black Tapa Memories), Johnathan Smart Gallery.
2021, Toga mo Bolata'ane, Christchurch Art Gallery.
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69816348
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsi-Chun%20Mike%20Hua
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Hsi-Chun Mike Hua
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Hsi-Chun "Mike" Hua (Chinese: 華錫鈞) was a Republic of China Air Force pilot who played a leading role in the development of the Air Force and of aeronautics in Taiwan. He was known in Taiwan as "the father of the Indigenous Defense Fighter".
Hua was born on December 6, 1925 in Wuxi, China. After immigrating to Taiwan, he graduated from the Republic of China Air Force Academy and qualified to fly the F-86 Sabre. He then attended the US Air Force Lockheed U-2 pilot training academy.
On August 3, 1959, during his seventh U-2 training flight, Hua was the hero of a famous aviation incident. Thirteen miles above Utah, he lost engine power. Flying dead stick, he located the Cortez Municipal Airport and successfully landed his U-2, a notoriously difficult plane to land even in the best of circumstances.
After his return to Taiwan, Hua flew covert reconnaissance missions over People's Republic of China airspace flying U-2 spy plane as a member of the ROC Air Force 35th Black Cat Squadron.
In 1964, he enrolled in the aeronautics engineering at Purdue University, from which he received both a master's degree (1965) and a PhD (1968) in aerodynamics. After working at Cessna and Lockheed Aircraft, Hua returned to Taiwan in 1970 to lead the Aero Industry Development Center, where he helped to develop the AT-3 jet trainer and the Indigenous Defense Fighter.
During his military career, Hua served as an adjunct faculty member at National Cheng Kung University and Tunghai University. In 1982, he was promoted to general.
In his latter years, Hua sponsored domestic military aviation research and development. In 2012, he donated NT$15 million to National Cheng Kung University, and in 2017 he established the Hua Hsi Chun Aeronautical Engineering Foundation. He died in Taichung, Taiwan on January 24, 2017 at the age of 91.
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69816725
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhloesus
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Typhloesus
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Typhloesus wellsi is an extinct species of enigmatic bilaterian animals from the Bear Gulch Limestone. It was once thought to be the first body fossil of a conodont, based on what turned out to be its gut contents; it is now thought to exhibit a radula, which would make it a mollusc, although different types of animal have independently evolved radula-like features. Mark Purnell, of the Centre for Palaeobiology at the University of Leicester, said that it was not definitively known "what this weird thing is".
Discovery
Typhloesus was first described back in 1973 from Carboniferous rocks in Montana. The animal was then jokingly referred to as the ‘alien goldfish’ by subsequent studies. Because of its highly enigmatic nature, this organism was only mentioned briefly in several papers. It was then thought to have been the first known body fossil of a conodont, which are a primitive group of jawless agnathan fish distantly related to lampreys and hagfish. This was based on the presence of "conodont elements", which are the small comb-like teeth of those animals. The teeth however were actually located in the gut contents of the Typhloesus, meaning that while it wasn't a conodont, they were a part of its diet. The animals taxonomy would be shrouded in mystery for over 30 years until in September 2022, when a new paper published revealed several potential mollusk-like features of the animal.
Description
It has a fusiform (spindle-shaped) body, with a maximum length of 90 mm. At the posterior or backside of the animal is a caudal fin, which was supported by two sets of orthogonal fin rays. The exterior lacks any other organs. The internal anatomy consists of a foregut and a midgut. The gut lacks a midsection and an anus. Beneath the midgut is a disc shaped organ, tentatively called a ferrodiscus; the purpose of this organ is unknown, however it has a high concentration of iron.
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69816815
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Friedman
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Phil Friedman
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Phil Friedman (born Philburn Friedman; October 31, 1921 – March 21, 1988) was an American stage manager and production manager who worked on Broadway for over 40 years. His career included the original productions of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, Pippin, and Chicago.
Early life
Philburn Friedman was born on Halloween, October 31, 1921, in Tacoma, Washington to Harry and Dorothy Friedman. His father was a jeweler and his mother was a housewife.
Career
Phil Friedman began his career on Broadway as a production assistant in 1947 for The Story of Mary Surrat. He continued working and made his debut as a stage manager on Three Wishes for Jamie in 1952. His first popular musical was 1953's Kismet.
In 1961, he worked as the original production stage manager of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, eventually becoming the production supervisor. He stage managed a total of 25 shows on Broadway.
Friedman worked on 11 shows with Bob Fosse. These included the revival of Pippin, Dancin', and Sweet Charity. He also starred in Fosse's film All That Jazz as the stage manager.
Legacy
In 1986, Friedman was awarded the inaugural Del Hughes' Award for Excellence in Stage Management.
Phil Friedman's extensive production files are available at The Museum of the City of New York's theatre collection. Other examples of his files are available at the New York Public Library for Performing Arts. The files include scripts, prompt books, ground plans, and personal correspondence with many stars including Liza Minnelli, Michael Kidd, and Gwen Verdon.
His sister, Annette Trubowitsch, wrote his biography entitled Back Stages with the Production Manager: The Biography of Philburn Friedman. The book is currently out of print.
He taught stage management at Rutgers University.
Death
Phil Friedman died at his home on March 21, 1988, of an apparent heart attack at 66 years old.
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69817062
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey%20Cloud%20Woman
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Grey Cloud Woman
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Name meaning
Maḣpiya Ḣota in the Dakota language means "Grey Cloud". With the addition of "Wiŋ" (woman), the English translation of her name is Grey Cloud Woman. She also had an English name, Margaret Aird (sometimes spelled Ayrd). Grey Cloud Woman was named after her mother, also called Maḣpiya Ḣota Wiŋ, and thus she is sometimes referred to as Grey Cloud Woman II.
Parents
Grey Cloud Woman was the daughter of James Aird and Grey Cloud Woman I, for whom she was named. Aird (born 1757) immigrated to Canada in 1783 from Ayrshire, Scotland. He was employed by the Hudson's Bay Company. He was reportedly a cousin of the Ayrshire poet Robert Burns. Grey Cloud Woman I was the daughter of Wabasha I, a chief of the Mdewakanton band of the Dakota people. She was born in the mid- to late-1770s in the village of Wapaha Sa Prairie, near modern-day Winona, Minnesota. Wabasha's band had established French kinship ties, but later aligned themselves with the British during the French and Indian War of 1756–1763. Wabasha was commissioned as a British army officer and fought against Americans and in defense of the village of Prairie du Chien. She had at least one brother, Wabasha II, who also became a leader of the Mdewakanton.
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69817062
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey%20Cloud%20Woman
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Grey Cloud Woman
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By 1820, the combined population of the village and nearby fort was more than 500 people, with quantities of summer visitors. Prairie du Chien served as a depot in support of at least six other trading posts. Visiting Native people would set up camp outside the village. There was no church nor permanent Christian minister in town until the 1830s, and newly arrived town resident Willard Keyes was shocked in 1817 at the lack of observance of the sabbath by the townspeople; he thought they spent too many of their leisure hours playing sports, eating and drinking. In 1818, Grey Cloud Woman sent her children to a local school whose builder and teacher were the same man, Keyes. As teacher, Keyes noted that only a few students could speak English and resorted to a French-English dictionary to communicate with the children. Another part-time resident of Prairie du Chien during this period, John Shaw, decided to abandon the town due to "civil law not being very much in force" and the "petty tyrannies" of the current commander at the fort. The town's first jail was built between 1820 and 1821.
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69817062
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey%20Cloud%20Woman
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Grey Cloud Woman
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Treaty of 1837
In 1837, the Mdewakanton Dakota lost 5 million acres of land east of the Mississippi River following the treaty, which promised annuity payments to tribal members in exchange. Grey Cloud Woman, her husband Hazen and two adult children, Angus Anderson and Jane Robertson were all signatories of an August, 1837 letter penned by trader Jean Baptiste Faribault to Henry Dodge, then governor of the territory. The issue, Faribault wrote, was in the way racially-mixed Dakota-European beneficiaries were described in the treaty. "Half-breeds", as they were termed in the treaty, were eligible for sums of money. He argued that many mixed-ancestry people had more complicated genealogies than a simple 50% split and urged a more expansive definition of eligibility through the use of the word "relations". This letter had an impact, in altering the wording of the final treaty, which specified that any person with at least one quarter Dakota ancestry would be eligible for the payments, a change which directly benefited Grey Cloud Woman's children, all five of whom were listed as "quarter-blood" in the final document of 1838.
The treaty had another immediately practical effect on the family. In 1838, recognizing that their Little Rock post was foundering, the family relocated to what is now known as Grey Cloud Island, situated on the Mississippi River. There is no record of its Dakota name prior to this point. The island, located 18 miles south of modern-day St Paul, Minnesota was five miles wide by two miles long. They settled at a recently abandoned site that already contained three lodges. These had, until recently, been the home of a Sioux band led by Medicine Bottle. The band left the location following the treaty, which allowed the Mooers and Robertson families to stake claims to the land.
Life at Grey Cloud Island
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69817157
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paedotherium
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Paedotherium
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The first remains associated today with Paedotherium were first described in 1887 by Florentino Ameghino, and attributed to the related genus Pachyruckhos due to an important number of similarities. He name the remains Pachyrukhos bonaerense. Its holotype is MACN 1184, remains of the palatal area including the incisors, molars and premolars, to which he include another specimen, MACN 1667, both assumed to come from the Ensenada Formation.
In 1888 Hermann Burmeister describe the new genus Paedotherium insigne. It is, however, rapidly considered a synonym of Pachyrukhos, which take precedence and to which most Paedotherium remains were attributed until 1926.
In 1908, Ameghino mentions three new species, Pachyrukhos chapadmalensis, P. brusquitaensis, and P. marplatensis. In 1914, P. brusquitaensis is considered by Rovereto as a synonym of P. chapalmalensis.
In 1926, Lucas Kraglievich revalidated the genus Paedotherium over remains from the Early Pliocene Monte Hermoso Formation of Argentina. He also associates other remains from the Chapadmalal Formation to the genus, including an humerus and a tibiofabula (MACN 6125), for which he create the species Paediotherium imperforatum.
In 1937, Cabrera described the two new species P. minor and P. affine, from remains from late Miocene rocks of the Arroyo Chasicó Formation. P. minor holotype (MLP 29-IX-I-116) included palatal remains with an upper incisor and a set of cheek teeths.
In 1956, Castellanos described two new species of Paedotherium, P. isolinense and P. brocherense, from fragmentary mandibular remains.
In 1972 Zetti described Raulringueletia from fragmentary cranial remains (MLP 62-IV-6-1) from the Huayquerian of the Carro Quemado Formation, as well as the new species P. borrelloi, which he thought was intermediate between P. minor (to which he associated P. affine) and P. typicum.
| 2.03125
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69817157
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paedotherium
|
Paedotherium
|
Its cranium was different from other hegetotheres by a more developed antorbital maxillary process and a lack of sagittal crest. The third upper molar longer than the second, the second upper and lower premolars are longer and narrower than Pachyrukhos, the third lower molar has a triangular-shaped lobe.
Its limbs had longer metatarsals, a more robust second metatarsal and shorter fourth and fifth metatarsal bones than Pachyrukhos.
Species
Only four species of Paedotherium are currently considered valid; two other species, P. borrelloi and P. dolichognathum, are disputed and generally considered synonym of P. minor:
Paedotherium bonaerense
P. bonaerense is the type species of the genus. It is known from the Montehermosan Monte Hermoso Formation, the Chapadmalalan Chapadmalal Formation and the Uquian Barranca de los Lobos Formation, Vorohué Formation and Necochea fossil beds, the later remains being the more recent remains known of any Hegetotheriidae. It had wider greater zygomatics, a wider and shorter occipital, and a stronger mandibular symphysis than the other species of the genus; its fourth upper premolar was more molariform than P.typicum, and its upper premolars were devoid of posterolingual groove. During the Chapadmalalan period, P. bonaerense was the most common species of Paedotherium. While only known from fragmentary remains from the Buenos Aires Province, the species may have survived until the Ensenadan period.
Paedotherium typicum
P. typicum is known from Pliocene rocks of the Monte Hermoso Formation and the Chapadmalal Formation. It coexisted with the same-sized P bonaerense during this period, and may have survived in the early Uquian.
It had narrower zygomatics, a narrower and higher occipital face, a shorter mandibular symphysis and premolars less molariform than P. bonaerense, and a non-reduced lacrimal. It was the most common species of Paedotherium during the Montehermosan period.
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69817181
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganoderma%20microsporum
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Ganoderma microsporum
|
Ganoderma microsporum is a species of Ganoderma mushroom native to Taiwan that grows on willow trees.
Description
Ganoderma microsporum has a relatively short or obscure stem that appears bronze or dark purple. The cap is shelf like or unevenly shaped and has a glazed appearance.
The spores measure 6–8.5 by 4.5–5 μm, smaller than the spores of all other known types of Ganoderma.
Taxonomy
The species was first discovered in Taipei, Taiwan by R.-S. Hseu in 1982, and published in the scientific journal Mycotaxon in 1989.
The specific epithet microsporum refers to the relatively small size of its spores.
Research
Compounds discovered in Ganoderma include polysaccharides, triterpenoids, nucleic acids and fungal immunomodulatory proteins or FIPs.
According to the NIH PubMed database on the physiological activities of G. microsporum, primarily from the FIP found in G. microsporum (FIP-gmi or GMI), currently known physiological activities include effects on the central nervous system and the respiratory system.
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69817701
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%20959
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NGC 959
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NGC 959 is a spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Triangulum. It was discovered on 9 November 1876 by French astronomer Édouard Stephan. This galaxy is located at a distance of 36 million light years and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 596 km/s. It is a member of the NGC 1023 Group of galaxies.
The morphological class of this galaxy is Sdm:, indicating it is a spiral (S) with disorganized, irregular arms and no central bulge (dm). The ':' suffix indicates some uncertainty about the classification. It has a visual magnitude of 12.4. The galactic plane is inclined at an angle of 50° to the plane of the sky, giving it an elliptical profile with the major axis aligned along a position angle of 65°. The size of the D25 ellipse (where the brightness of the galaxy drops to magnitude 25) is arcminutes.
When images of NGC 959 are corrected for the effects of extinction from dust, a central bar feature can be discerned. The galaxy then shows a non-negligible bulge or central condensation, and may instead have a morphological type of SBcd. It displays a cuspy central density profile and bulge-like monotonic decrease in ellipticity toward the core.
| 2.8125
| 0
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69817784
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt%20Peninsula%20%28Sakhalin%29
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Schmidt Peninsula (Sakhalin)
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Schmidt Peninsula () is a peninsula in Sakhalin Oblast, Russian Federation. It is the northernmost point of Sakhalin Island and is located north of Okha town.
History
The indigenous Nivkh people of northern Sakhalin called the peninsula Mif-Tyongr (Миф-тёнгр), meaning "head of the earth."
The name Schmidt Peninsula was chosen by geologist N. Tikhonovich in 1908, in honor of fellow geologist Fyodor Schmidt who had visited Sakhalin in 1866. Previously it had been named "Saint Elizabeth Peninsula" in certain maps. Cape Elizabeth and Cape Mary, the two main headlands of the peninsula, had been named in 1805 by Russian Navy Admiral Ivan Kruzenshtern (1770–1846).
Geography
The Schmidt Peninsula is the northern extremity of Sakhalin Island. There are two roughly parallel mountain ranges stretching in a NNW/SSE direction. The mountains are covered with larch and spruce forests and are separated by a swampy valley. Cape Elizabeth is at the northern end of the Eastern Range and Cape Mary (мыс Марии), the northwestern headland, at the northern end of the lower Western Range. Severny Bay lies between them. To the west lies the Sakhalin Gulf and to the east and north the Sea of Okhotsk. The highest point of the peninsula is high Mount Three Brothers (гора Три Брата), rising in the eastern range.
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69818106
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizar%20Ben%20N%C3%A9ji
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Nizar Ben Néji
|
The national digital identity system, known as E-Houwiya (https://www.e-houwiya.tn), was launched at presidency of the government palace, on August 3, 2022 under the sponsorship of prime minister Najla Bouden. This system is a key enabler for e-Government, essential for fulfilling KYC requirements to remotely authenticate citizens. It also supports Single Sign-On (SSO) access, replacing multiple credentials (usernames and passwords) with a single multi-factor authentication (MFA) solution. Furthermore, the digital signature created with the national digital ID is recognized as a fully qualified mobile signature, legally valid and equivalent to a handwritten signature. Overall, the digital ID brings multiple functions together and is provided free of charge, similar to initiatives in many countries around the world, to advance the development of e-Government in Tunisia. A widespread campaign to encourage mobile identity adoption was conducted across several governorates and public institutions. As of August 2024, the total number of mobile-id subscribers in Tunisia reached 120,000 citizens, including over 10,000 of Tunisians living abroad.
A secure nationwide interoperability system was launched with the deployment of the Unified Exchange Platform (UXP), on February 7, 2023. This new platform enables instant and secure data transfer between public entities, streamlining administrative procedures by minimizing required documents. The pilot phase involves four ministries: Interior, Education, Social Affairs, and Transport. The new platform helps in reducing the documents required by the administrative procedures and it includes features for digital signatures and encryption, ensuring the privacy and security of citizens’ data. The number of the interoperability exchange services has increased from 25 services in 2022 to 75 in 2023 and the overall number of exchanges is expected to reach 150 by the end of 2024.
| 2.203125
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69818125
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycena%20roseoflava
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Mycena roseoflava
|
Mycena roseoflava is a species of agaric mushroom in the family Mycenaceae. It was first discovered in 1964 by New Zealand mycologist Greta Stevenson. It is a wood-inhabiting mushroom native to New Zealand.
The small fungus is saprotrophic, meaning it gains nutrients from decaying organic matter and appears on stressed or dying plants, often found on rotting wood and twigs. As matter decomposes within a medium in which a saprotroph is residing, the saprotroph breaks such matter down into its composites.
M. roseoflava has white spores with small white caps, normally standing at a height of 5-10 millimeters and an equal width. It is most active in the autumn season and is not considered edible. The stem relatively short is often attached to the side of wood, usually with a slightly swollen stem base. It is rare to see in Victoria, where it has only found only in wetter forests and rainforests, but is somewhat common in Tasmania.
In the first descriptions of the mushroom, Stevenson noted the caps were "pink fading yellowish, hemispherical with a shallow central umbilicus." The texture of the caps were smooth to minutely floccose. The gills were described as adnate to slightly concurrent. The spores were observed to be globose, amyloid, and thin-walled.
In 2021, the species was discovered to be bioluminescent, this never having been recorded previously. According to New Zealand Fungarium curator Dr. Maj Padamsee, "It could have been found before but it just hadn’t been recorded – people who had been out in the forest might have seen something because it’s not very bright… it’s a very pale light colour." The enzymes produced from the compound luciferin gives the mushrooms their glow, as it also does with fireflies and some marine organisms. The discovery of bioluminescence was made during an event dedicated to studying fungus that took place on Stewart Island.
| 2.703125
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69818138
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade%20Ibrahim%20Tevfik
|
Şehzade Ibrahim Tevfik
|
Şehzade Ibrahim Tevfik Efendi (; 6November 1874 – 31 December 1931) was an Ottoman prince, the son of Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin, and grandson of Sultan Abdulmejid I.
Early life
Şehzade Ibrahim Tevfik was born on 6 November 1874 in the Dolmabahçe Palace.
His father was Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin son of Abdulmejid I and Nükhetsezâ Hanım, and his mother was Mestinaz Hanım. He had a younger sister, who died aged four. After his father's death in 1876, Sultan Abdul Hamid II brought him up in his care. For several years he believed the sultan to be his real father.
His circumcision took place on 17 December 1883, together with Şehzade Mehmed Selim, eldest son of Sultan Abdul Hamid, Abdulmejid II, Şehzade Mehmed Şevket and Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin, sons of Sultan Abdulaziz, and Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin, son of Sultan Mehmed V.
Education and career
In 1880, he began his schooling. His teacher was Eyüp Efendi. His subjects included morphology of Arabic, etiquettes, catechism, orthography, arithmetic, geography, geometry, cosmography, astronomy, French language, Islamic history, and ethical admonitions of Attar. Mehmed Eşref taught him Arabic, fiqh, and aqidah. Aranda Efendi taught him music.
In 1878, he was registered in the navy. In August 1883, he was given the rank of right wing lieutenant commander, and went on to become vice admiral. He was also appointed in the marine and in the imperial fire-fighting battalion. By 1918, he was serving as honorary brigadier in the Ottoman infantry.
Personal life
Tevfik had been allocated a villa on the grounds of the Yıldız Palace. He also owned a waterside mansion in Beşiktaş. Here he bred various animals like dogs, parrots and lambs.
He married five times and had seven children. His first wife was Fevziye Hanım. She was born on 5 August 1876 in Batumi, Adjara. She was an Abkhazian. They married on 2 May 1893 in the Yıldız Palace. In 1895, some two years later, she gave birth to Arife Kadriye Sultan. She died on 7 September 1898 in the Yıldız Palace.
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69818270
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fairly%20OddParents%20%28franchise%29
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The Fairly OddParents (franchise)
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The Fairly OddParents is a media franchise created by Butch Hartman for Nickelodeon. It officially began as a series, in 2001 after releasing shorts on Oh Yeah! Cartoons from 1998. As a result of the series, by-products were launched, including video games, theme park attractions, figurines, and toys.
Development
Prior to the creation of The Fairly OddParents, Butch Hartman was working at Cartoon Network on Dexter's Laboratory and Johnny Bravo. In 1997, Fred Seibert contacted Hartman about pitching ideas for Seibert's new company, Frederator Incorporated, as a part of their Oh Yeah! Cartoons series which the studio was developing for Nickelodeon. Hartman initially declined the offer. Several months later, Johnny Bravo finished and Hartman decided to create his own series instead of going back to working for other studios.
Hartman started developing his own series by drawing a picture of a little boy who would become Timmy Turner. Hartman was originally going to name him Mike, after his brother Mike Hartman, but they had a fight that day, so Hartman named him after his other brother Timmy Hartman instead. Hartman wanted Timmy to be able to go anywhere because he never wanted to be stuck for a story transition. Hartman was originally going to give Timmy science powers, but decided against it due to Dexter's Laboratory having recently come out. Instead, he decided to give Timmy a magic friend. He drew Venus (later renamed Wanda) first and then decided that, because he had never heard of a fairy godfather before, to draw Cosmo. After coming up with the entire premise for the cartoon in about fifteen minutes, Hartman first pitched the idea to Hanna-Barbera and then to Cartoon Network, both of whom turned it down. Hartman then went back to Seibert at Nickelodeon and successfully pitched it to them for Oh Yeah! Cartoons.
| 2.328125
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69818423
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Flersheim
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Ernst Flersheim
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Ernst Flersheim (born 1862; died in 1944 in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp) was a German Jewish art collector who was persecuted by the Nazis.
Early life
Flersheim was born on 13 July 1862 in Frankfurt am Main. His parents were Louis Flersheim and Johanna Gütha Flersheim. He married Gertrud von Mayer (born 2 August 1872; died 13 September 1944 in Bergen Belsen). Both were arrested, deported and murdered by the Nazis.
Art collection
The Flersheim's collection included Ferdinand Hodler's "Thunersee mit Niesen", "A Prayer before Supper" by Jan Toorop and "Procession in the Mountains" by Adolf Hölzel.
Nazi-era
In May 1937, the Frankfurt auction house Hugo Helbing auctioned off the Flersheim collection and the couple fled to Amsterdam in the face of increasing anti-Semitic repression. In the Netherlands they were arrested and imprisoned. They were deported and died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1944.
Claims for restitution
After 1945, Edith Eberstadt (née Flersheim) made claims for restitution for artworks in the collection. A few paintings were located in private collections or public museums. Several restitutions or settlements took place. In May 2020, the Association for the Promotion of Fine Arts in Wiesbaden e. V. returned the painting "Procession in the Mountains" by Adolf Hölzel, which was on permanent loan to the Wiesbaden Museum, to the heirs of the Flersheim family.
The efforts by the Flersheim's grandson, Walter Eberstadt, to recover art works by the Dutch painter Jan Toorop are documented at the Leo Baeck Institute.
In 2008, the Dutch Restitutions Committee issued binding resolutions concerning several of the Flersheim claims for restitution.
| 2.03125
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69818501
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niuatahi
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Niuatahi
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Niuatahi or also called Volcano O is a submarine volcano located in the far northern territory of Tonga. Since the cone in the middle is named Motutahi, the volcano is sometimes referred to as Niuatahi-Motutahi. Despite not having any record of any eruption, Niuatahi does have a record of recent hydrothermal activity.
Etymology
Niuatahi was named by the Tonga Ministry of Lands, Environment, Climate Change and Natural Resources. In the Tongan language, Niuatahi means sea. The name Motutahi means island in the sea in the Tongan language.
Geography
The volcano can be found approximately northwest of Niuatoputapu and southwest of the Samoan Islands. It is also located southwest of the far more known and more active West Mata submarine volcano, located in the same volcanic group as Niuatahi. An active ridge can also be found just west of the caldera walls.
Structure
Niuatahi is a submarine volcano mostly known for its circular shape and enormous width. It is in diameter and with a depth of approximately . The Motutahi cone located in the middle of the caldera which rises above the floor of the caldera. Along the floor of the caldera can also be found active hydrothermal systems.
Geologic setting
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69818724
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Science%2C%20Innovation%2C%20Technology%20and%20Telecommunications
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Ministry of Science, Innovation, Technology and Telecommunications
|
The Ministry of Science, Innovation, Technology and Telecommunications (, MICITT) is part of the government of Costa Rica, it was created on 26 June 1990.
The current Minister is Ms Paola Vega Castillo. The Vice Minister of Science and Technology is Mr Federico Torres Carballo. The Vice Minister of Telecommunications is Teodoro Willink Castro.
Structure
The Ministry is structure in the following way:
Office of the Minister (Despacho de la Ministra)
Financial Administrative Directorate (Dirección Administrativa Financiera)
Digital Governance Directorate (Dirección de Gobernanza Digital)
Internal Audit (Auditoría Interna)
Comptroller of Services (Contraloría de Servicios)
Secretariat of Institutional and Sectoral Planning (Secretaría de Planificación Institucional y Sectorial)
Legal Affairs Unit (Spanish:Unidad de Asuntos Jurídicos)
Institutional Communication Unit (Unidad de Comunicación Institucional)
International Cooperation Unit (Unidad de Cooperación Internacional)
Technological Services Unit (Unidad de Servicios Tecnológicos)
Vice Ministry of Science and Technology (Viceministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología)
Directorate of Social Appropriation of Knowledge (Dirección de Apropiación Social del Conocimiento)
Innovation Department (Dirección de Innovación)
Department of Research and Technological Development (Dirección de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico)
Innovation and Human Capital Program for Competitiveness PINN (Programa de Innovación y Capital Humano para la Competitividad PINN)
Technical Secretary for Incentives (Secretaría Técnica de Incentivos)
Vice Ministry of Telecommunications (Viceministerio de Telecomunicaciones)
Radio Spectrum and Telecommunications Networks Directorate (Dirección Espectro Radioeléctrico y Redes de Telecomunicaciones)
Directorate of Evolution and Telecommunications Market (Dirección de Evolución y Mercado de Telecomunicaciones)
Department of Concessions and Standards. (Dirección de Concesiones y Normas)
| 1.976563
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69819718
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Besancenot
|
Jean Besancenot
|
With regard to the two groups of Moroccan Jews, he presented Jewish brides of Rabat and Fes in their ceremonial dress, as well as an urban gentleman, all representative of the Sephardic communities. The other group of Jewish Moroccans, who had lived in the country since ancient times and were part of the Berber population, was represented by ornately dressed women and a boy of the southern regions.
Besancenot's artistic full size colour portraits could not render sufficient detail of hair styles, shoes or how to drape loose pieces of textiles, like the urban haik or Berber draped garments. To provide more information, he added explanations and drawings of such elements of dress on separate pages. In detailed drawings, he further described 56 pieces of urban as well as 38 of rural Berber pieces of women's jewellery.
The first edition of Costumes du Maroc was published in 1943 as a special edition of 300 copies with separate facsimile prints of the 60 costumes. Sultan Mohamed V, who opposed the anti-Jewish policy of the Vichy regime in Morocco and later became the first king of Morocco, was one of the first subscribers. A reprint of 350 copies was only produced four years before the author's death in 1988, and an enlarged second edition followed in 2008.
Bijoux arabes et berbères du Maroc (1953)
In his second major ethnographic work, titled Bijoux arabes et berbères du Maroc, Besancenot published his drawings and descriptions of almost 200 different pieces of so-called Arab and Berber jewellery from various places and traditions in Morocco. Thanks to his artistic training as painter, his drawings highlight the intricate features of the pieces in reduced detail compared to his corresponding photographs.
| 2.765625
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69819951
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy%20Bannard%20Cogley
|
Daisy Bannard Cogley
|
Daisy "Toto" Bannard Cogley (born Jeanne Marie Desirée Bannard; 5 May 1884 – 8 September 1965) was a French-born Irish theatre actress, director, producer and designer. A socialist, she was active in the Irish War of Independence from 1917, and was interned during the Irish Civil War. She was an active figure on Dublin's theatrical scene for decades, as well as in Wexford and for a time London, launching multiple theatre and cabaret studios, and she was a co-founder of one of Dublin's main theatres, the Gate, of which she remained a director from 1928 to her death.
Life
Early life
Daisy Bannard Cogley was born Jeanne Marie (rendered in English as Johanna Mary) Desirée Bannard in Paris, France, on 5 May 1884. Her father, Thomas Bannard, was French and worked as a coachman. Her mother, Mary Furlong, was from County Wexford.
Bannard studied at the Sorbonne, studying acting and vocals at the Comédie-Française in Paris, and also at the Conservatoire de Paris in the very early 20th century. She then secured a job with the Theatre Antoine, and toured in provincial France. Some sources state that she was performing in Chile when she met Irish journalist Fred J. Cogley in Santiago while other sources state that she met Fred while on holiday in his native Wexford, and her mother's disapproval of their relationship led to them organising a reunion in Santiago. They married there in 1909 and their first child, called in English Mitchel, was born there in 1910.
Bannard Cogley worked to establish the Wexford Opera Society 3–4 years before World War I, and the family moved to Ireland in 1914 or at least by 1917. Bannard Cogley variously referred to herself as Nóinín (Irish for Daisy) as well as the stage name Helen Carter when she acted in Edward Martyn's Irish Theatre Company on Hardwicke Street.
| 1.914063
| 0
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69820083
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaine%20Acremant
|
Germaine Acremant
|
Germaine Acremant (13 June 1889 – 24 August 1986) was a French novelist and playwright. Her best-known work is her first novel Ces dames aux chapeaux verts (These ladies with green hats), a satire of provincial life published in 1921. The Académie Française awarded her the Montyon Prize in 1940 and the Prix Alice-Louis Barthou in 1943.
Early life and education
Germaine Fanny Marie Joséphine Poulain was born 13 June 1889, in Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais. She was the third child and the only daughter of Édouard Poulain, a doctor in Saint-Omer, (Pas-de-Calais), rue de Valbelle. Her mother was Jeanne Marie Florentine Fanny Bonvoisin.
Her studies started in her native town before she became a pupil at the Ursulines boarding school. She finished her education at the Benedictine Convent, Corbelly Hill, Dumfries, Scotland.
Career
On October 23, 1911, at Saint-Omer, she married Albert Acremant (1882-1942) who was director of the literary journal, Excelsior, in Paris. She collaborated with him on the operettas of Vincent Scotto. They had a son, Jacques Acremant, painter and illustrator.
It was during World War I (1914-1918), when her brother Pierre Poulain (1887-1914) was killed, that the idea of writing, for entertainment, came to Acremant while she was practicing Watercolor painting.
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69821040
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Association%20of%20Paediatric%20Dentistry
|
International Association of Paediatric Dentistry
|
Activities
In addition to the international council meetings, the association hosts regional meetings, educational workshops, e-learning programs, and outreach programs. Dentists for All Children (DENFAC) was launched in 2001 to provide dental student educators with lectures and clinical teaching sessions. Programs for Africa and Asia include Teach the Teachers Educational Workshop.
The IAPD promotes member events, as well as those from other related organizations including The Italian Society of Pediatric Dentistry, The Paedodontic Society of South Africa, The FDI World Dental Congress, The Association Argentina de Odontología para Niños (AAON), and The Hellenic Society of Pediatric Dentistry.
The IAPD promotes global dialogue with regard to pediatric dentistry. In 2019, in a global effort to define children's early childhood carries, the Bangkok declaration was accepted.
IAPD publications include a yearly newsletter and the International Journal of Pediatric Dentistry, published six times a year. Its website includes events, online training videos, and e-learning opportunities.
Membership
The IAPD differentiates between member nations and individuals. In addition, there are national member societies, individual members, honorary members, senior members, IAPD-supported members, post‐graduate student members and affiliate members. The IAPD's goal is for membership to be inclusive of all societies and individuals and members are encouraged to attend congresses.
| 2.65625
| 0
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69821265
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parang%20%28batik%29
|
Parang (batik)
|
Parang batik (, ) is one of the oldest Indonesian batik motifs. Parang comes from the Javanese word Pereng which means slope. Parang depicts a diagonal line descending from high to low. The arrangement of the S motifs intertwining unbroken symbolizes continuity. The basic shape of the letter S is taken from the ocean waves which depict a spirit that never goes out.
Parang batik is an original Indonesian batik motif that has existed since the time of the Kartasura (Solo), Mataram palace (Present day Central Java). The Parang batik motif is credited to be created by Sultan Agung of Mataram during his visit to the southern coast of Java (). The Sultan got his inspiration from the waves rolling in the Parangtritis sea.
The Meaning and Philosophy of Parang Batik
Parang batik has a high meaning and has a high philosophical value, this batik motif is one of the oldest basic batik motifs in Indonesia. Parang has the meaning of advice to never give up, like ocean waves that never stop moving. Batik Parang also depicts a relationship that never breaks, both in terms of efforts to improve oneself, efforts to fight for prosperity, as well as forms of family ties.
As a symbol of sustainability, the Parang batik motif depicts continuity from top to bottom. This symbol describes the continuation of a struggle from parents to their children or from parents to younger ones. In ancient times this batik motif became a reinforcement between parents and their children as in the king who gave gifts to his children. By giving gifts to his children, it is hoped that a child can continue what his parents aspired to.
| 2.421875
| 0
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69821429
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taphotaxon
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Taphotaxon
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A taphotaxon (from the Greek ταφος, taphos meaning burial and ταξις, taxis meaning ordering) is an invalid taxon based on fossils remains that have been altered in a characteristic way during burial and diagenesis. The fossils so altered have distinctive characteristics that make them appear to be a new taxon, but these characteristics are spurious and do not reflect any significant taxonomic distinction from an existing fossil taxon. The term was first proposed by Spencer G. Lucas in 2001, who particularly applied it to spurious ichnotaxons, but it has since been applied to body fossils such as Nuia (interpreted as cylindrical oncolites formed around filamentous cyanobacteria) or Ivanovia (thought to be a taphotaxon of Anchicondium or Eugonophyllum); conulariids, and crustaceans.
In his original definition of the term, Lucas emphasized that he was not seeking to create a new field of taphotaxonomy. The term is intended simply as a useful description of a particular type of invalid taxon. It should not be used indiscriminately, particularly with ichnotaxons, where the fact that an ichnotaxon derives part of its morphology from taphonomic processes may not always render it an invalid ichnotaxon.
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69821671
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Thailand%20relations
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Palestine–Thailand relations
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Palestine–Thailand relations were formalized on 1 August 2012, after the Kingdom of Thailand recognized the State of Palestine as a sovereign state on 18 January 2012. Palestine has a non-resident embassy in Kuala Lumpur, which is accredited to the Thai side, and the Thai embassy in Amman is accredited to the Palestinian side. Both countries are members of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue and the Non-Aligned Movement.
History
During the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, the Thai government supported a peaceful solution to the conflict and called on both Israel and Palestine to show restraint. It further stated that it will continue to support both sides, but will not condone terrorist activities by either side.
In 2016, President Mahmoud Abbas visited Thailand and met with then Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha.
As a response to the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Thai Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin expressed his deepest condolences to the government and people of Israel, and condemned Hamas' attack. He also put the Royal Thai Air Force on standby to evacuate its citizens if needed. Deputy foreign affairs minister Jakkapong Sangmanee later said that the country's position was "one of neutrality" and that the government favoured "a solution that would allow Palestine and Israel to coexist."
On 27 October 2023, Thailand was one of 121 countries to vote in favor of a General Assembly resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire to the fighting between Israel and Gaza.
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69822011
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbs%203
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Proverbs 3
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Trust in God (3:1–12)
This passage stands out among the instructions in the first collection (chapters 1–9, because of its spiritual content that may be seen as a development to the motto of the whole book in , that 'Wisdom consists in complete trust in and submission to God'. It is related to 'loyalty and faithfulness', which can refer to (and may be intended about both) relationships between human and God (cf. Jeremiah 2:2; Hosea 6:4) or human to human (cf. Psalm 109:16; Hosea 4:1; Micah 6:8), and are to be 'worn as an adornment around the neck' (cf. Proverbs 1:9; Deuteronomy 6:8; 11:18) as well as 'written on the heart' (cf. Jeremiah 31:33). As the kernel of the instructions in this chapter, 'trust in God' is contrasted in verses 5 and 6 with self-reliance, saying that the best action is the complete commitment and submission to God ('all your ways'). The analogy of medicinal healing benefits of wisdom (verse 8) recurs in Proverbs 15:30; 16:24; 17:22; although sometimes tastes bitter (suffering adversity), it is a divine chastisement and a proof of God's fatherly love (cf. Job 5:17–18; 33:14–30; Hebrews 12:5–6).
Verse 1
My son, do not forget my teaching,
but let your heart keep my commandments;
"Teaching": from Hebrew root torah, "guidance, direction" (cf. Proverbs 1:9), paralleling 'commandments', from Hebrew root mitzvah; both terms may refer to "the law of God" although here is applied in wisdom instruction (cf. 'my teaching').
Verse 2
My teaching will give you a long and prosperous life.
| 2.171875
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69822725
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Paleoclimate%20Indicators
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Global Paleoclimate Indicators
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Foraminferals
Because of their widespread distribution and abundance in sediments, forams have been the most extensively explored for their biological characters linked to paleoclimatic and paleoecologic reconstructions. Numerous reports have documented both planktonic and benthic forams as proxies for paleotemperature. These include the studies of morphological and biogeographical responses to surface temperature.
Morphology
Size
Investigations of planktonic foraminiferal population indicate that tropical species attain their largest test sizes in tropical waters, and polar species reach maximum sizes in polar waters. Species living in subtropical and subpolar waters decrease in test size with both increasing and decreasing temperature.
The proloculus (the first chamber) sizes of benthic forams are affected by sea water temperature and their mean has been used as proxy for paleoclimatic investigations.
Mean test diameters of the planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa have been used to interpret sea surface temperature history in Somali Basin. R-mode factor and Q-mode cluster analyses define five significant factor assemblages and five clusters reflecting different environmental characteristics, including increased oxygenation, high surface productivity.
Coiling direction
A number of forams have been cited to have different coiling directions in response to surface temperature. Globierina pachyderma, for example, exhibits dominant population of right coiling direction in cold water vs. left in warm water, and the ratio of these two forms have been utilized to estimate paleotemperature. A similar dependency of coiling directions on temperatures has been reported for Muricohebergella delrioensis in Cretaceous sediments.
Globigerina bulloides, a benthic foram, has been documented for its coiling directions related to seawater temperatures in surface sediments of the southern Indian Ocean.
A similar relationship has been documented for another benthic foram Bulinina marginata.
| 2.453125
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69822725
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Paleoclimate%20Indicators
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Global Paleoclimate Indicators
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Oxygen
Its isotope fractionation is linked to water temperature and its isotope ratios from a variety of sources have been widely used to reconstruct paleoclimate. Oxygen isotope in calcium carbonates has become the most widely applied as geothermometer for estimating ancient ocean temperatures. The most successful applications of isotope paleoclimatology have been the study of foraminifera from deep-sea sediments. For instance, Shackleton and Kennett (1975) have established the Cenozoic paleotemperature history based on analyzing oxygen isotope composition of both planktonic and benthic foraminifera in the Antarctic region. Since the variations in the 18O/16O ratio in marine fossil records are global, the oxygen isotope stratigraphy has been used for chronological correlation.
Carbon
Stable carbon isotope composition is another widely used proxy for interpreting paleoenvironment conditions. The Surface temperature fluctuation from the Paleocene to Miocene has been established based on carbon isotope data from foraminifera in Antarctic region. The organic matter preserved in sediments records paleoecosystems, and its carbon isotope composition has been also utilized to reconstruct paleoclimatic evolution. For example, Rogers and Koons (1969) have reported that the carbon isotope ratios, derived from organic matter in Quaternary marine sediments in the Gulf of Mexico, correlate well with Pleistocene climate changes.
Chen et al. (2011) have documented ancient climate fluctuations since the last glacial maximum based on soil samples in Tibet. Other sources for organic carbon isotope used as proxies for paleoenvironment reconstruction include lacustrine deposits for lake level variations, fossilized vertebrates for precipitation fluctuations, oil shales for paleoecological and paleoclimate conditions.
| 2.390625
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69823314
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulayman%20ibn%20Daoud
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Sulayman ibn Daoud
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Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd (), known by the regnal name of Badr al-Dīn () among the Isma'ili faithful, was the 26th and last imam of Hafizi Isma'ilism. Like his father, he spent most of his life in captivity at the hands of the Ayyubid government. He died apparently childless, thereby ending the line of Hafizi imams and of the Fatimid dynasty.
Life
The Fatimid Caliphate was abolished by Saladin in 1171. In the aftermath, Saladin and his Ayyubid successors imprisoned the surviving members of the Fatimid dynasty, including the heir-apparent, Daoud ibn al-Adid, who was still recognized by the Hafizi Isma'ili faithful as their rightful imam. A series of pro-Fatimid conspiracies and uprisings in the 1170s failed to topple the new Ayyubid regime, and Daoud spent his life in prison, until his death in 1207–8.
Despite the separation of male and female prisoners, Daoud apparently managed to beget two sons, reportedly with slave women secretly smuggled into his chambers. Sulayman, given the epithet Badr al-Din () by his followers, was the oldest. As soon as his mother had conceived him, she was reportedly smuggled to Upper Egypt, where pro-Fatimid sentiment lingered, and where her son was born. Later, likely under the Ayyubid sultan al-Kamil (), Sulayman was captured and confined in the Cairo Citadel, where the rest of the surviving Fatimid clan was being held as well.
Sulayman died in 1248, apparently childless, thus ending the direct Fatimid line. Some Isma'ili partisans claimed that he had a son who was hidden, repeating the common motif of the 'Hidden Imam'. As late as 1298, a pretender claiming to be Daoud, the son of Sulayman, appeared in Upper Egypt, but by this time the Isma'ilis had been reduced to small isolated enclaves, the last traces of which disappear in the 14th century.
| 2
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69823383
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Firefighter%20Registry%20for%20Cancer
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National Firefighter Registry for Cancer
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Cancer is a nationally notifiable condition, and thus all U.S. states track diagnoses of cancer in a state cancer registry. The NFR plans to also seek additional details about participant’s types of emergency responses attended and exposures by working with fire departments and exposure tracking programs (if applicable), and by administering follow-up questionnaires to registered firefighters. Because cancer has a long latency period – which is the time between exposure to carcinogens and the development of cancer – the NFR will monitor cancer outcomes for decades.
The NFR program receives input and guidance from the NFR Subcommittee, a subcommittee of the NIOSH Board of Scientific Counselors (a Federal Advisory Committee), consisting of 12 rotating subject matter experts in firefighting, epidemiology, medicine, or public health.
Firefighter enrollment
All members can enroll through a web portal. NIOSH states that any information gathered through the program will only be accessible to NIOSH researchers and will be protected with multi-factor authentication and "multiple layers of encryption." Firefighters may access the web portal through the dedicated NFR website (https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/registry.html or https://www.cdc.gov/NFR) or by directly accessing the web portal. To complete enrollment in the NFR, participants will need to set up an account, complete an informed consent document, user profile, and enrollment questionnaire.
| 2.328125
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