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69823383
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Firefighter%20Registry%20for%20Cancer
|
National Firefighter Registry for Cancer
|
The user profile will serve to collect basic information from the firefighter that could change over time and hence can be accessed and updated by the user. The enrollment questionnaire will collect information on employment/workplace characteristics, exposure, demographics, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and other confounders. Most questions are optional. The enrollment process, including the questionnaire, is designed to take 30–45 minutes to complete if all questions are answered. Following enrollment, NIOSH will send NFR participants notifications for periodic voluntary follow-up questionnaires (e.g., one per year) to be filled out through the web portal.
Other sources of information
In addition to roster information, NIOSH plans to request fire incident records dating back to January 1, 2010, or earlier when available, from fire departments for some participants. Fire departments are required to collect some basic information about fire incidents under the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) established by the U.S. Fire Administration. (The U.S. Fire Administration is in the process of replacing NFIRS with a new system called the National Emergency Response Information System (NERIS).) Department incident records will provide NIOSH investigators with apparatus and incident-specific information to be used as surrogates of exposure for exposure-response analyses. Specific variables of interest requested from department incident records may include: incident number, fire station, apparatus, incident type (structure fire, car fire, etc.), on scene time, off scene time, job assignments, number of fire runs, and duration at fires. NIOSH will explore the most efficient and least burdensome way of obtaining incident records from participating fire departments.
| 2.1875
| 0
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69824008
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20S.%20Watkins
|
J. S. Watkins
|
John Samuel Watkins (1866 – 25 August 1942), generally referred to as J. S. Watkins or "Watty" to his students, was an artist who for forty years ran his own art school in Sydney, Australia.
Biography
Watkins was born in Wolverhampton, England, and studied at the South Kensington Art School in London.
He arrived in Sydney in 1882, and undertook further studies at the Royal Art Society of New South Wales (RAS) school under Julian Ashton, A. J. Daplyn and Frank P. Mahony.
For many years the J. S. Watkins Art School was located at Margaret Street, Sydney. Edward Lee Holloway was one instructor.
He was a member of the (New South Wales) Society of Artists from 1895 and a member of RAS and a trustee of the Art Gallery of New South Wales from 1932 to 1942.
Representative works are held at the National Gallery of New South Wales and the Art Gallery of South Australia.
Recognition
Erik Langker, a former student, wrote of Watkins:
'Watty' inspired and enthused us. He encouraged us to cultivate our own outlook rather than to follow any particular style. He was essentially a draughtsman more than a painter. He was just as interested
in music as in art and he was widely read on an astonishing variety of subjects.
A leading critic echoed Langker's appraisal of Watkins' work.
A retrospective exhibition of some 60 of his works was held at the National Art Gallery in June 1943.
| 2.28125
| 0
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69824033
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Alexander%20%28skier%29
|
Benjamin Alexander (skier)
|
Benjamin Alexander (born 8 May 1983) is a British former disc jockey and the first alpine skier to represent Jamaica in the Olympics.
Early life
Benjamin Alexander was born in Wellingborough, England to a Jamaican father, a bus driver, and British mother in 1983. Having won a government scholarship, he was educated at Wellingborough School, a private school in Northamptonshire. At the age of 17, Alexander began DJing. He began studying physics at Imperial College, London before transferring to University College London to study electrical engineering , graduating in 2006. After university he worked in wealth management in Hong Kong.
DJ career
In 2010, Alexander quit finance to pursue DJing professionally. He spent a decade touring in 30 different countries—eventually performing at Burning Man starting in 2011. By 2015, he was hosting a radio show as well as a weekly party in Ibiza, Spain while co-founding the award-winning music festival, Further Future. Alexander retired from DJing in 2018 but kept his board seat with the charity Robot Heart, a well-known Burning Man camp.
Skiing career
In 2016, Alexander was invited to DJ a ski trip in Whistler, British Columbia, where he had his first mountain lesson. Alexander began pursuing skiing professionally at the end of 2019 after attending the 2018 Winter Olympics as a spectator. He chose to represent Jamaica in international skiing as he acquired Jamaican nationality through his father.
Alexander's first official race was on 9 January 2020, and he qualified for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics on 13 January 2022. In preparation of the 2022 games, Alexander maintained weekly mentorship calls with Dudley Stokes, the former Jamaican Olympic bobsledder, since the beginning of 2020.
Alexander raced the giant slalom event on 13 February 2022, finishing in 46th place (last).
| 1.96875
| 0
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69824036
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Hutchinson%20Rowe
|
William Hutchinson Rowe
|
In September 1904, Rowe fought with a robber in his store who drew a revolver on him. Rowe, who had $250 on the premises, knocked the gun aside and tussled with the assailant. After hearing voices, the robber ran away.
Rowe began serving on the Yarmouth School Committee in 1905, becoming its chairman from 1907, and continued in the role for the next 34 years. He was also a member of the Maine Historical Society.
Writing
"Rowe's propensity for writing manifested itself when he was too young to seek an outlet for his literary product through any medium other than the children's column in the household paper," wrote The Druggists Circular in March 1910, in an addendum to his column "Profit from the Advertising Section". He wrote an article, titled "Problems and Opportunities of the Country Druggist", for the March 1909 edition of the circular. Further columns from Rowe included "Wooing the Summer Resort Trade" (June 1909) and "The Country Druggist: His Advertising" (December 1909).
Rowe also contributed paragraphs to magazines and religious publications.
The first recognized book Rowe wrote was the novel-style Shipbuilding Days and Tales of the Sea in 1924. He followed this up in 1929 with Shipbuilding Days in Casco Bay, 1727–1890.
In 1923, Rowe announced that a history of Yarmouth was in the works. The project, titled Ancient North Yarmouth and Yarmouth, Maine 1636–1936: A History, took fourteen more years to complete, covered 300 years of the town's history, and was "so thorough that it is still in print". The book contained 427 pages, fifteen chapters (plus a detailed appendix), was printed on antique book paper and bound in gold-stamped cloth. It was printed by Portland's Southworth–Anthoensen Press, based at 105 Middle Street. It was on sale for $5 at the time of its initial release.
Although Yarmouth's heyday as a shipbuilding town had largely ended by the time he was born, Rowe had an affinity for the sea, for he was also the author of books on the town's maritime history.
| 2.4375
| 0
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69824138
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20Texas%20House%20of%20Representatives%20election
|
2014 Texas House of Representatives election
|
The 2014 Texas House of Representatives elections took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Texas voters elected state representatives in all 150 State House of Representatives districts. The winners of this election served in the 84th Texas Legislature. State representatives serve for two-year terms.
At the beginning of the Eighty-third Texas Legislature following the 2012 Texas State House of Representatives elections, the Democrats held 55 seats to the Republicans' 95.
This election marked the first time Republicans ever won a state house race in Chambers County.
Predictions
Owing to a Republican-leaning national environment and the state's recent trend towards the Republican Party, analysts predicted that the party would easily maintain its large margin of control over the Texas House.
Results
Statewide
Close races
This election marked a low point in seat competitiveness for the Texas House of Representatives. 69% of seats only drew candidates from only one major political party, and 45% of seats hosted unopposed races. Only 8% of seats featured more than two political parties, and only 4 races were decided by margins under 10%.
Notable races
Results by district
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| 0
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69824248
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha%20Whedbee
|
Bertha Whedbee
|
Bertha Par Simmons Whedbee (1876 - 1960) was an activist, suffragist, and first African American woman to become a police officer in Louisville, Kentucky.
Biography
Whedbee was born as Bertha Par Simmons in West Virginia in 1879. She later became a kindergarten teacher, graduating from the first class of the Colored Kindergarten Association in 1901. She married a physician, Ellis D. Whedbee, in 1898. They moved to Louisville, Kentucky and had four children together. Whedbee became involved in the women's suffrage movement in Louisville.
In 1919 Bertha Whedbee was inspired to become a police officer herself after local police officers arrested her 17-year-old son, Ellis Jr, as a robbery suspect. Later, the officers charged Ellis with disorderly conduct and a $10 fine. Whedbee didn't believe the charges and confronted the police about the charges, where she was then arrested and charged with a $10 fine as well. Bertha's fine was later suspended, but the fine for her son was upheld. The Whedbees filed a suit against the police station master. On March 3, 1922, she presented a petition that she be appointed a police officer. Whedbee went on to become the first African American woman to work for the Louisville Metro Police Department when she started on March 22, 1922. Her mandate was to work only among other African Americans in the community. She worked on the police force until 1927 when she resigned in protest when the other African American officers were dismissed by a new city administration.
Bertha Whedbee died in 1960. She was buried in Louisville Cemetery. There were no headstones for either Bertha or Ellis Sr. Whedbee until they were installed in 2018.
| 2.546875
| 0
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69824413
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd1-restricted%20T%20cell
|
Cd1-restricted T cell
|
Cd1-restricted T cells are part of the unconventional T cell family, they are stimulated by exposure to CD1+ antigen presenting cells (APCs). Many CD1-restricted T cells are rapidly stimulated to carry out helper and effector functions upon interaction with CD1-expressing antigen-presenting cells. CD1-restricted T cells regulate host defence, antitumor immunity and the balance between tolerance and autoimmunity.
In general, CD1-restricted T cells are divided according to their CD1 molecule. Humans express four CD1 isoforms divided in 2 groups:
group 1 CD1 (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c)
group 2 CD1 (CD1d).
Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells
Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells express diverse αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs). They can undergo clonal expansion in the periphery after recognition of stimulatory self-lipids or exogenous lipid antigens derived from bacteria. CD1–restricted T cells produce TH1, IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines and are cytolytic. They can induce TNF-α dependent dentritic cells maturation. Many group 1 CD1–restricted T cells are autoreactive, and autoreactivity is enhanced by stimulation through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). CD1a-restricted T cells are among the most frequent self-reactive CD1-restricted T cells in peripheral blood. Moreover, they are common in the skin. Skin CD1a-restricted T cells become activated when in contact with CD1a expressed by Langerhans cells. Upon activation, they produce IFN-𝛾, IL-2, and IL-22, a cytokine with suspected roles in skin immunity. CD1a-restricted T cells are unique in the way that their TCR can directly recognize the CD1a molecule without corecognition of a lipid antigen.
| 2.515625
| 0
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69824413
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd1-restricted%20T%20cell
|
Cd1-restricted T cell
|
Type I NKT cells are also called ‘invariant NKT cells’ or ‘iNKT cells’, they express an invariant TCRα chain and a limited, but not invariant, range of TCRβ chains. Type I NKT cells are less frequent in humans than in mice (1–3% of T cells in most mouse tissues, 50% in mouse liver and bone marrow, and approximately 0.1% of T cells in human blood). All type I NKT cells recognize the marine sponge-derived glycolipid, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). After the encounter with the antigen Type I NKT cells rapidly become effector cells (minutes to hours) and produce many cytokines. These T cells also have a cytotoxic activity against CD1d+ tumor targets. Furthermore, type I NKT cells upregulate the costimulatory receptor CD154 (CD40 ligand), which, in conjunction with their cytokine production, potently activates DCs to increase expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 and produce interleukin 12. This leads to a more efficient presentation of antigen to MHC-restricted adaptive T cells, activation of NK cells and enhanced B cell responses. Thus, NKT cells can promote downstream innate and adaptive immune responses and, in turn, enhance protection against infection and cancer. Human iNKT cells can be subdivided into subpopulations according to the produced cytokines and the expression of certain transcription factors. iNKT1 cells producing large amounts of IFNγ and a little IL-4, iNKT2 cells producing large amounts of IL-4, and iNKT17 cells secreting IL-17. A special iNKT cell population called iNKT10 has been identified in adipose tissue, which relies on the expression of the transcription factor E4BP4 for its role in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis.
| 2.21875
| 0
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69824667
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th%20Liaison%20Squadron
|
5th Liaison Squadron
|
The 5th Liaison Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was first activated during World War II as the 5th Observation Squadron. It served as a training unit for cooperation with field artillery until 1942, when that mission was assumed by the artillery. After training in the United States, it deployed to India in 1944, where it served in combat as the 5th Liaison Squadron until V-J Day, returning to the United States for inactivation in 1946. The squadron was active in the United States as a liaison and a helicopter unit. It was last active at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska in 1954.
History
World War II
Training in the United States
The 5th Observation Squadron was activated on 7 February 1942, at Post Field, Oklahoma as the 5th Observation Squadron (Special). The squadron replaced Flight E of the 16th Observation Squadron, which had supported the Field Artillery School since 1931. It was initially equipped with the Curtiss O-52 Owl observation aircraft, but also flew the Douglas B-18 Bolo bomber, and a number of light aircraft, commonly called "Grasshoppers."
The 5th was assigned directly to the Office of the Chief of Air Corps and attached to the Field Artillery School, providing aircraft for training with the school. However, in July 1942, the United States Army decided that field artillery units would have assigned aircraft to serve as air observation posts. These planes and pilots would be assigned to the field artillery, not the air corps, and the school to train them would be located at Post Field. In August, the squadron was relieved of its attachment to the artillery school and moved to Marshall Field, Kansas to make way for the first arriving class, which began in September.
| 2.1875
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69825178
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Philadelphia
|
Battle of Philadelphia
|
The Battle of Philadelphia (October 20, 1863) saw the Confederate cavalry brigades of Colonels J. J. Morrison and George Gibbs Dibrell attack a Union cavalry brigade under Colonel Frank Wolford at Philadelphia, Tennessee, during the Knoxville campaign of the American Civil War. While Dibrell's brigade skirmished with Wolford's cavalrymen, Morrison led his brigade around the west side of Philadelphia to attack the Union force from the rear. Wolford sent half his brigade to counter Morrison's envelopment, but Dibrell's soldiers suddenly attacked. The Confederates completely routed Wolford's troopers, capturing over 400. A Union infantry-cavalry force reoccupied Philadelphia the next day, but a week later it withdrew to the north bank of the Tennessee River, abandoning Loudon, Tennessee.
Background
On March 25, 1863, Major General Ambrose Burnside took command of the Army of the Ohio with the understanding that his assignment was to seize East Tennessee. Burnside's operation was to be made in coordination with a campaign by Major General William Rosecrans and the Army of the Cumberland against Chattanooga, Tennessee. A two-month delay occurred when Burnside's IX Corps was sent to assist in the Siege of Vicksburg. On August 24, 1863, Burnside launched the invasion of East Tennessee, using XXIII Corps troops moving in several columns. Burnside's infantry entered East Tennessee by way of Kingston while a Union cavalry brigade entered Knoxville unopposed on September 1. When Burnside directed his march northeast from Kingston toward Knoxville, he dropped off Brigadier General Julius White's infantry division to hold Loudon.
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69825848
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20Revolutionary%20Forces
|
Irish Revolutionary Forces
|
Within a year the new Republican group was calling itself the Irish Revolutionary Forces and publishing a journal named An Phoblacht. Ideologically the IRF espoused Marxist-Leninism of "the Chinese variety" but interpreted to the Irish situation and was opposed to entryists within the IRA and revisionism. The IRF throughout the 1960s involved itself in social agitation, including protests against the Vietnam War. The organisation Saor Éire (Free Ireland) and its publication People's Voice were launched November 1968 by the IRF. When The Troubles broke out in Derry in August 1969, Saor Éire already had members present. The IRF/Saor Éire sent trained men and arms to Derry in response to defend Catholic areas of the city. However, Saor Éire as popularly known were actually a separate organisation based in Dublin formed from other dissident Republicans who had discussed merging with the IRF previously and by now were gaining notoriety for involvement in bank robberies. By the end of 1969 of the IRF had been wound up, with the leadership deciding the group had lost credibility. Saor Éire was eclipsed by the newly emerging Provisional IRA offering a more promising militant organisation.
| 1.960938
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69825901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal%20immunomodulatory%20protein
|
Fungal immunomodulatory protein
|
Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a type of functional compound (other compounds include polysaccharides and triterpenoids) found in various species of fungi. FIPs are part of the immunoglobulin (ig) family, which are structurally similar to human antibodies, and can interact with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), causing these cells to secrete different types of hormones and regulate cellular activity.
History
The first FIP was discovered in 1989 by Japanese scientist Kohsuke Kino et al. from the water extract of the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum, and was named Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8).
From then on, researchers have identified numerous structurally similar proteins from various types of fungi that also share a high degree of genetic similarity as well as physiological activities, and thus coined the term fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP).
Members of the FIP family
Currently known FIPs are listed below:
LZ-8 from G. lucidum
LZ-9 from G. lucidum
FIP-gts from G. tsugae
FIP-gsi (NCBI DNA Accession number AY987805; Protein Accession number AAX98241) from G. sinensis
GMI (FIP-gmi) (NCBI GI Accession number 310942694; Protein Data Bank Accession number 3KCW_A) from G. microsporum
FIP-tve (NCBI DNA Accession number XM_008037967; Protein Accession number XP_008036158) from Trametes versicolor
FIP-pcp from Poria cocos
FIP-fve (NCBI DNA Accession number GU388420; Protein Accession number ADB24832) from Flammulina velutipes
FIP-vvo from Volvariella volvacea
FIP-aca from Antrodia camphorate
FIP-lrh from Lignosus rhinocerotis
| 2.0625
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69826304
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogressive%20thaw%20slump
|
Retrogressive thaw slump
|
The retrogressive thaw slump forms on massive ice or ice-rich permafrost, which is often covered in a layer of tundra vegetation under which a layer of peat may lie. The RTS surface is convex and is located on the shoulder of the hillslope.
The most thawing occurs on south- and west-facing slopes. Ballantyne describes how, as scarp ice thaws it causes rapidly-evolving retrogressive slope failure or slumping. This landslide "exposes a fresh face" of ice-rich permafrost. As thawing takes place, the ice-rich, steep, erosional headscarp retreats as it collapses. An active layer of basal sediment accumulates flowing down a low-gradient slump floor. This flows downslope as it "collapses to the base of the exposure". The floor or base of the retrogressive thaw slump is covered in then sediment—mudflows and braided hills. As the headscarp progressively retreats, the slump floor extends.
As the slopes thaw, the ice-rich permafrost is exposed and turns into a mud slurry. Thermokarst processes may cause lakes to enlarge, peatlands to collapse and landslides or thaw slumps to develop." "Retrogressive thaw slumps are among the most active geomorphological features in permafrost terrain."
A 2009 study classified slumps as active, stable, and ancient. An active slump is one that has a clearly-defined headwall and bare areas; and a stable slump is one that has clearly-defined boundaries and is completely covered in vegetation. The headwall relief of an ancient slump is a subdued scar on the terrain that is covered in tundra vegetation.
Geomorphic terminology
RTS morphology comprises a vertical headwall, an inclined headscarp, a floor filled with flow deposits, and a lobe that conveys thawed sediments downslope. RTS morphology comprises the headwall, headscarp; a floor, and a lobe. The vertical headwall is steep and ice-rich; the downsloped headscarp is a "low-angled scar zone" composed of thawed slurry; the lobe is a tongue of debris in active slumps which is composed of saturated materials that flowed downslope.
| 2.53125
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69826304
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogressive%20thaw%20slump
|
Retrogressive thaw slump
|
Retrogressive thaw slumps are slope failures due to abrupt thawing of ice-rich permafrost. They have also been called ground-ice slumps, thermocirques, tundra mudflows, retrogressive flow slides, and bi-modal flows. These terms are no longer recommended by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).
Yedoma are deposits of highly organic-rich and ice-rich permafrost with ice content representing from 50 to 90% of its volume. Much of the yedoma deposits have been frozen since 10,000 years ago, in the Pleistocene age. As of 2011, the Yedoma domain covered of the northern permafrost zone, mostly in Siberia, including northern Yakutia, and also in Alaska, and in the north of Canada, including the Yukon Territories.
A retrogressive thaw slump is a slow landslide caused by thawing yedoma. Because yedoma deposits are ice-rich, they are "especially prone to rapid-thaw processes" and "highly vulnerable to disturbances such as thermokarst and thermo-erosion processes".
According to the definition of the Multi-Language Glossary of Permafrost and Related Ground-Ice Terms compiled by the International Permafrost Association (IPA)'s Terminology Working Group, "retrogressive thaw slumps consist of a steep headwall that retreats in a retrogressive fashion due to thawing, and a debris flow formed by the mixture of thawed sediment and meltwater that slides down the face of the headwall and flows away."
Geographic distribution
Retrogressive thaw slumps are forms of the permafrost or glaciated regions and may be found in the Northern Hemisphere and the Tibetan Plateau, from the Himalayas to northern Greenland, in northern Canada and Alaska. RTSs "are commonly found on the banks of northern rivers and lakes and along the arctic coast, especially where undercutting is active."
Alaska
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69826409
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuqa-Timur
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Tuqa-Timur
|
Following the example of his older brother Berke, Tuqa-Timur converted to Islam, sometime after Berke's conversion in 1251–1252. Unlike his brothers Batu, Orda, and Shiban, Tuqa-Timur does not appear to have headed an autonomous and lasting territorial polity, something brought up as a negative comparison in disputes between his descendants and those of Shiban in the late 14th century; the Shibanids argued that this made the Tuka-Timurids substantially inferior. Some of Tuqa-Timur's descendants appear to have remained in the Left Wing (eastern portion) of the Golden Horde, while others were settled in the Right Wing (western portion) when Khan Mengu-Timur gave the Crimea to Tuqa-Timur's son Urung-Timur.
Descendants
Apart from his involvement in the affairs of the Golden Horde and his actions as representative of his older brothers, Tuqa-Timur is important as the progenitor of some of the most prolific and historically significant lines of Jochid and Chinggisid descent. From the 1360s, Tuqa-Timur's descendants vied with those of his brother Shiban for possession of the throne of the Golden Horde, starting with the probable Tuqa-Timurid Ordu Malik, who overthrew the Shibanid Timur Khwaja in 1361. A Crimean branch of Tuqa-Timur's descendants furnished the beglerbeg Mamai with a succession of three puppet khans in 1361–1380. Several families descended from Tuqa-Timur ensconced themselves in the former Ulus of Jochi's eldest son Orda in the east, under Qara Noqai in 1360, then Urus Khan in 1369, and finally Tokhtamysh in 1379. The descendants of Urus and Tokhtamysh subsequently disputed possession of the Golden Horde mostly among themselves. Among the successor states of the Golden Horde, the khanates of Qasim, Kazan, Astrakhan, and the Crimean Khanate were all founded by princes descended from Tuqa-Timur. This was also the case with the Kazakh Khanate and, after 1599, the Khanate of Bukhara in Central Asia.
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69826576
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20wire
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Open wire
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Open wire was an early transmission technology in telecommunication, first used in telegraphy. It consisted of pairs of electric wire strung on a pole line between communities, towns, and cities.
The wire of the transmission line was attached to the cross-arms of each pole with glass insulators. It was originally manufactured from iron or steel, but developments in annealing of copper made it possible to use this metal by the 1890s to reduce electrical resistance substantially. Copper wire was drawn to a diameter of up to 1/6 inch (165 mils).
The glass insulators on the pole cross-arms were spaced at about 12 inches (30cm) apart. Typically up to five wire pairs were installed on each crossarm, and multiple cross-arms could be installed on each pole.
The practical limit in distance of telephone communication via open-wire transmission was reached when the Bell System long-distance network was extended from New York City to Denver in 1911. Despite heavy-gauge wire, and using loading coils to reduce transmission loss, talking was just barely possible over the line until the first Audion amplifiers were added.
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69826923
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main%20Caucasian%20Range
|
Main Caucasian Range
|
The Main Caucasian Range is a mountain range in the Russian Federation, Georgia and Azerbaijan. It is the dividing range of the Greater Caucasus.
The protected areas of the range are the Teberda Nature Reserve, Kabardino-Balkaria Nature Reserve and the North Ossetia Nature Reserve.
Geography
The Main Caucasian Range marks the divide between the North Caucasus to the north and the South Caucasus to the south. It stretches from Mount Chugush near the Black Sea, to the Khizi District of Azerbaijan near the Caspian Sea. The main range runs parallel to the southern side of the Lateral Range, along Abkhazia, Adygea, the Krasnodar Territory, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechnya and Dagestan federal subjects of Russia, as well as the countries of Georgia and Azerbaijan. The range is characterized by numerous alpine landforms and, unlike its parallel ranges to the north, it forms a continuous, uninterrupted, system of mountain ranges.
The Main Caucasian Range forms a watershed, separating the basins of rivers flowing on the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, such as the Samur, Kuban, Terek and Sulak, from those flowing on the southern slopes of the mountain system, such as the Kodori, Enguri, Rioni and Kura.
The highest and rockiest section of the range is located in its central part. Although not as high as the topmost summits of the Lateral Range to the north, the highest elevations of the Main Caucasian Range include the high Shkhara, the high Mount Bazardüzü —highest point of Dagestan— and the high Mount Shani —highest point of Ingushetia.
There are several glaciated areas in the range system, including Bezengi the largest glacier in the Caucasus. Parts of the lower and middle slopes of the mountains are covered by forests up to heights of about .
| 2.46875
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69827067
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains%20of%20Moab
|
Plains of Moab
|
The Plains of Moab () are mentioned in three books of the Hebrew Bible (Numbers, Deuteronomy and Joshua) as an area in Transjordan, stretching along the Jordan "across from Jericho", and more specifically "from Beth Jeshimoth to Abel Shittim" (). Here is the last Station of the Exodus and the place from which Moses climbs up on Mount Nebo "to the top of Pisgah", where he dies ().
Geography
Nelson Glueck describes the Plains of Moab as having the shape of a "truncated harp", with its northern limit marked by Wadi Nimrin, and the southern tip created by the Moab hills south of Wadi el-'Azeimeh, which stretch out from the Moab Plateau toward the NE end of the Dead Sea, closing off the Plains. Glueck names the three main streams crossing the Plains toward the Jordan as, from north to south, Wadi Nimrin, which before emerging from the hills is called Wadi Sha'ib; Wadi el-Kefrein; and Wadi er-Ramah, called Wadi Hesban in the hills, which merges with Wadi el-Kefrein two-thirds of the way across the Plains.
In his 1856 book The Sacred Plains J.H. Headley described the Plains of Moab as having a wider extent: "The Plains of Moab lie east of the Dead Sea and River Jordan. The Arnon, running through its midst, divides them into two parts. A low range of mountains, called Abarim, extending from the southern part of the Dead Sea to Mount Gilead, again subdivides them east and west. On the east they extend to the borders of the Great Desert, into which they gradually sink; and on the West, form a succession of elevated terraces, like gigantic steps, down to the shores of Jordan and Dead Sea. <...> In ancient times the Moabites had possessed the whole plains from the southern part of the Dead Sea to Mount Gilead; but the Amorites had warred against them, and wrestled all that portion lying north of the River Arnon from them..."
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69827385
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulli%20Point
|
Bulli Point
|
Bulli Point (, officially gazetted as Te Pōporo / Bulli Point) is a point on Lake Taupō, in the central North Island of New Zealand. The point is a popular spot for rock jumping.
Location
Bulli Point sits in Motutere Bay on the eastern side of Lake Taupō. It lies close to State Highway 1, less than one kilometre east of Motutere.
Naming
The name Te Pōporo is a Te Reo Māori name taken from the pā that once stood on the hill above the point. It was one of several important pā located between Motutere and Hatepe. The pā may have been named after Pōporo, a Māori name for Solanum aviculare and Solanum laciniatum, a local shrub with white to blue-purple flowers, and yellow to orange fruit, sometimes called bullibulli. A point on the western side of the lake, Te Poroporo Point, also contains a word for the same shrub, Poroporo.
The origin of the name Bulli Point is unclear. Toitū Te Whenua's New Zealand Gazetteer suggests it may be a contraction of Bull Island Point, as this is what it was recorded as on NZMS 3 N102-6 Te Rangiiti.
In popular culture
Lorde mentions jumping off of Bulli Point in her song "Oceanic Feeling".
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69827622
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abun%20people
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Abun people
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The Abun, previously also known as Wen and Coastal Karon, are an ethnic group of New Guinea, residing in the Sausapor district of the Tambrauw Regency in the province of Southwest Papua. They speak the Abun language. They live in the Sausapor, Jokte, Emaos and Uigwem and are of the clans Yekwam, Yenjau, Yeblo, Yesnath, Yenbra, Yenggrem, Yesomkor, Yerin, Yeror, Yewen, Yemam and Yesian.
Name
The Abun were originally the Wen from the Tambrauw Mountains (locally called the Mountains). After having socialized with the near the coastline, they were then called the Karon (meaning: the people from within), while the ones who continued to stay in the mountains were called Karondori. However, this eventually had negative connotations and they adopted the name Abun (meaning: tribal language), which originally was used for the name of their language.
Culture
Farming
The Abun are primarily banana farmers. 21 categorizations of bananas are named and are divided by whether it is eaten fresh or cooked first. The harvesting of the bananas are done by both men and women; typically but not necessarily being the men chopping the trees and the women transporting the fruit. On most days, they head to the farms which are around 1–2 km away between 8–9 am (WIT) and return home by 5pm.
Leadership
The highest ranking leader of the Abun tradition is called the who governs the in the village. Every also has a leader who help the govern. Anyone can become a with their own efforts, but has to be rich in cloth (), and also be brave, wise, generous and diplomatic.
Salara Dance
The Salara is a traditional dance performed in a group with a snake-like formation possibly in a circle; holding one another by the arms to form a chain. It is said that the ancestors of the Abun people turned into a snake and left the mountains for the beach. The dance is similar to the other Tari Tumbu Tanah of the Arfak people.
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69827745
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda%20Villepastour
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Amanda Villepastour
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Villepastour also continued working with antipodean musicians. She played keyboards, and co-wrote one of the songs, on the soundtrack album Les Patterson Saves the World (1987), and composed music for several television shows. She also played keyboards and organ on Body and Soul (1987), the debut solo studio album by Jenny Morris (ex lead singer of QED), and worked on its follow-up, Shiver (1989). In 1990, she toured the UK, Europe and Australia with Morris, supporting Prince.
Further touring followed, with Gang of Four in the UK, USA and Canada in 1991, with Billy Bragg in Australia, New Zealand and Japan in 1992, with Black in the UK and Turkey in 1993, and with Yazz in the UK in 1994. Villepastour also played keyboards on Billy Bragg's album Don't Try This at Home (1991).
Return to academia
In 1995 Villepastour made her first trip to Africa. Her intended destination had been Nigeria, but due to the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa, she was diverted to Ghana. Under the inspiration of that trip, and a chance encounter soon afterwards with Robert Farris Thompson's book Face of the Gods (1993), she decided to study ethnomusicology at a postgraduate level. She began by enrolling for a Certificate in Music Teaching to Adults from Goldsmiths, University of London, which she completed in 1997. The following year, she obtained a master's degree in music in ethnomusicology from SOAS, University of London. In 2006, she was awarded a PhD in ethnomusicology, also from SOAS. Meanwhile, between 2001 and 2008 she was Course Director of Certificate in Music Teaching to Adults at Goldsmiths.
After completing her PhD and spending a short time as a Research Fellow at SOAS, Villepastour relocated to the USA. There, she worked as an Ethnomusicology Instructor and as Director of Afro-Caribbean Ensemble at Bowling Green State University, Ohio, in 2007–2008, and as a Research Fellow at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC in 2008.
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69827745
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda%20Villepastour
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Amanda Villepastour
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Villepastour was then recruited as founding Curator for Africa and Latin America at the Musical Instrument Museum (MIM), in Phoenix, Arizona. When the museum officially opened in April 2010, the Phoenix New Times reported that Villepastour and the museum's other four main curators had gone into the field to acquire instruments for the museum's collection. While visiting Africa on field trips, Villepastour had endured hardships including twice losing luggage at an airport and embarking on a 350-mile road trip in a four-wheel-drive vehicle that would not shift into fifth gear. But some of the instruments collected for display in the Africa and the Middle East galleries had never previously been seen publicly. According to Villepastour:
Soon after the museum's opening Villepastour returned to the UK, and took up a position as a lecturer/researcher at the School of Music, Cardiff University. , she was a Reader at that School.
Academic work
Villepastour's academic focus has been on Yorùbá music in Nigeria, and Afro-Cuban religious (Santería) music in Cuba. Her PhD thesis was entitled Bata Conversations: Guardianship and Entitlement Narratives about the Bata in Nigeria and Cuba. Her field work, including as a Curator at the MIM, has taken her to about a dozen sub-Saharan African countries, especially Nigeria, and also to Cuba.
Of particular interest to Villepastour is Batá drumming, and the relationship between language and music, including speech surrogacy in drumming and the technicalities of speech tone in song melody. Her broader research interests include gender and music and organology.
In 2013 Villepastour presented a seminar entitled "Ethnography of a SideWoman" at both St John's College, Oxford University, and Bowling Green State University, giving an ethnomusicological insight into her previous life as "... a session musician who has worked alongside some of Britain's biggest stars."
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69827860
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrozyme
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Retrozyme
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Replication cycle
The retrozyme sequence is first transcribed by a polymerase in the host. The product is an oligomeric RNA sequence which is a single transcript containing multiple copies of the retrozyme sequence. The hammerhead ribozyme motif then autocatalytically performs self-cleavage to separate the oligomeric transcript into several monomeric transcripts, each containing only one copy of the retrozyme sequence. This copy is an intermediate of the replication cycle, containing the opposite polarity of the original sequence with a 5'-hydroxyl and a 2'-3'-cyclic phosphate ends. A ligase protein in the host may then circularize this intermediate into a stable, circular RNA molecule. In plants, this ligase is a chloroplast tRNA ligase. Dependence on chloroplast tRNA ligase for circularization is also seen in the Avsunviroidae family of viroids. In animals, the ligase is an RtcB tRNA ligase. Reverse transcriptase activity is required from a different retrotransposon to generate a corresponding complementary DNA of the retrozyme RNA, and the polarity of this cDNA corresponds to the polarity of the original sequence. Plant and animal retrozymes rely on different retrotransposons to produce a cDNA copy of their RNA molecule. In plants, LTR retrotransposons of the Gypsy family are used. Although it is not clear which type of retrotransposons are relied on in animals, these could be classes such as LINEs or PLEs. After the DNA copy has been produced, the retrozyme sequence has the opportunity to re-insert itself into a genomic loci.
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69827885
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose%20Punnamparambil
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Jose Punnamparambil
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Jose Punnamparambil (born 10 May 1936) is a senior European journalist and translator from Kerala, India. He has been translating Malayalam works into German for 52 years. In 2018, he received Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for overall contributions to the Malayalam literature.
Biography
Jose Punnamparambil was born in 1936 May 10, at Edukkalam near Irinjalakkuda in Thrissur district. He immigrated to Germany with a media study scholarship in 1966, after graduating with a degree in English Literature from the University of Mumbai.
While training in social work and journalism, he worked as a government official and college teacher in Mumbai. He worked for five years in Germany as a freelance journalist and has been a member of the advisory board of the Indo-German Society for the past 16 years.
While in Germany, Jose published a Malayalam periodical named Nadan Kath literally meaning local letter. The publication Ente Lokam (Meaning: my world) which he started in 1973 is still being published in Germany as Nammude Lokam (Meaning: our world). He also published German translation of Ente lokam named Mein Welt in 1984.
His contributions include 20 books and documentaries in German and Malayalam. In 2014, Jose made a documentary titled Translated Lives, which chronicles the life of Malayalee nurses who immigrated to Germany from 1960 onwards. This documentary was well received. His documentary Ariyapedatha Jeevithangal (The Unknown Lives) is based on migration of Catholic nuns from Kerala to Germany in the 1970s.
Jose was instrumental in establishing a Malayalam Literary Chair named after Herman Gundert at the University of Tübingen. He studied Malayalam literature for the Nobel Prize Committee and formed the Literature Forum India in Germany.
Family
He and his wife Sosamma have two children. They lives in Unkel in Germany.
Notable works
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69827892
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahlenbergia%20loddigesii
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Wahlenbergia loddigesii
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Wahlenbergia loddigesii is a herbaceous plant in the family Campanulaceae native to the southern Cape regions of South Africa.
Description
Wahlenbergia loddigesii has a slender, rambling, diffuse-sprawling growth-habit.
Its leaves are small, lanceolate (or ovate-lanceolate), somewhat thick and strongly recurved. The leaf tips are acute-acuminate and the margins are normally entire.
Its flowers are born in diffuse partial racemes, at the tips of long slender (often branched) flowering branches. The flowers are solitary or in pairs.
The petals are strongly recurved. The outside of the petals is usually blue, but can more rarely be purple or white.
The style is usually blue-tipped. The base of the filaments is rhombic and ciliate.
Its calyx lobes are short (1.5-2mm), triangular acute, faintly keeled and slightly revolute along the edges.
The ovary is usually minutely hairy, only half inferior, and basally rounded.
Distribution and habitat
This species is indigenous to the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.
It occurs from Ceres and Worcester in the west, to Bredasdorp in the south, Ladismith, Oudtshoorn and Prince Albert in the north, and eastwards as far as Port Elizabeth and Somerset East. (A variety, W. loddigesii var. montana, is sometimes recognised for the more gracile, pale-flowered plants occurring in the Swartberg mountains, at the top of the Swartberg Pass.)
Wahlenbergia loddigesii is most commonly found in dry, stony areas, on slopes or rocky hills.
This species is similar to, and often confused with, Wahlenbergia tenella and Wahlenbergia nodosa.
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69827900
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noureddin%20Esheni%20Qudejani
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Noureddin Esheni Qudejani
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While studying in Qom, Noureddin Esheni Qudejani succeeded in obtaining permission for ijtihad from Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi, the document of which is available to his family.
His contemporaries
Noureddin Esheni Qudejani has been both a period and a debate with many of the great contemporary scholars and jurists of recent times. In the lecture hall of Jalaluddin Homaei, in courses which was held in Jarchi Mosque and 70 to 80 participant from people of Isfahan regularly attended it, Noureddin Esheni Qudejani participated in it and there he discussed and exchanged ideas with scholars like Seyyed Hassan Modarres Bidabadi (a Shiite scholar), Morteza Ardakani Yazdi (a Shiite scholar) and Abbas Ali Adib Habibabadi (a Shiite jurist and belletrist).
Noureddin Esheni Qudejani was also a classmate of Mir Seyyed Hassan Modarres Hashemi Esfahani (Isfahani scholar and sage) during studying Islamic courses of Qom Seminary. Noureddin Esheni Qudejani was a classmate of Ruhollah Khomeini (the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran) in the lessons of Mohammad Ali Shahabadi (famous mystic and jurist) and in the Qom Seminary, Noureddin Esheni Qudejani has been a roommate of him for five years.
Social careers
Although Noureddin Esheni Qudejani had a high scientific status, he was never unaware of his social duties and his relationship with the people. He did not limit himself to teaching, but also preached Islam and lectured in public and private assemblies, and even practiced law. In general, his social activities and occupations can be divided as follows:
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69828384
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfa%20Romeo%20C42
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Alfa Romeo C42
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The Alfa Romeo C42 is a Formula One car designed and built by Alfa Romeo to compete in the 2022 Formula One World Championship. The C42 is built to the new generation of technical regulations, originally intended for introduction in 2021.
The car was driven by former Mercedes driver Valtteri Bottas and rookie Zhou Guanyu.
Background
Development context
The new generation of technical regulations were intended to be introduced in the season. However, due to the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, the regulations were delayed until 2022. Development of all new generation cars was thus paused from 28 March 2020 until 31 December 2020.
Naming
The C42 follows the C41, which in turn follows the C39. The new-generation car had been internally allocated the designation C40 in anticipation of new regulations for the 2021 season. When these were delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic, a new car, the C41, had to be developed based on the C39 for the interim regulations. However, ahead of the car's unveiling, Alfa Romeo stated that the car would not carry the C40 but instead carry the C42 designation to avoid the sequence of C39, C41, C40, which could have been confusing.
Initial design and development
Bottas commented that the early version of the C42 ran on the Alfa Romeo simulator did not handle significantly differently to the 2021 cars.
| 2.25
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69828585
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godhavn%20inquiry
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Godhavn inquiry
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The Godhavn inquiry was an investigation into child abuse in Danish children's homes between 1945 and 1976. After a documentary was released in 2005 alleging abuse in children's homes, a group of survivors lobbied for the Danish government to investigate their experiences. The inquiry began in 2009; while it initially investigated the conditions only of the , it ultimately probed 18 others, and heard the testimony of 99 caregivers and staff. The report, which validated claims of forcible medication and poor treatment, was released on 9 May 2011.
Background
In 2005, the documentary Drengehjemmet by Rikke Skov was released on Danish television. The documentary alleged that occupants of the Godhavn Boys' Home, a children's home run by the Danish government, were subjected to cruel living conditions. It suggested that a psychiatrist working at the home, Ib Ostenfeld, had tested drugs on the children; Bjørn Elmquist, a member for parliament, said one of these drugs was LSD, which was used to stop bedwetting.
Following the documentary, the Landsforeningen Godhavnsdrengene (National Association of the Godhavn's Boys) was formed. It lobbied for an investigation into their experiences.
Inquiry and report
The government-funded inquiry into abuse at the Godhavn Boys' Home began in 2009, after several demands by the Godhavn boys. It investigated the Godhavn boys' allegations that they were subjected to neglect and medicating against their will. While the inquiry initially investigated only the Godhavn Boys' Home, it ultimately investigated 19 homes from 1945 to 1976. It included the testimony of 85 caregivers and 14 staff members of children's homes.
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69828661
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20for%20Apprenticeships%20and%20Technical%20Education
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Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education
|
The Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education (IfATE) is an employer led organisation that helps shape technical education and apprenticeships in the United Kingdom. They do so by developing, reviewing and revising occupational standards that form the basis of apprenticeships and qualifications such as T Levels. Post 16 and Higher Technical Qualifications (HTQs). It is funded by the Department for Education of the Government of the United Kingdom.
In 2024, Prime Minister Keir Starmer announced that Skills England would take over the function of IfATE, over the course of nine months.
Purpose
IfATE works with employers to identify skills gaps in their sectors. They collaborate with employers to develop and revise occupational standards to match the skills requirements of the sector. IfATE also regulates and licenses bodies, such as further education colleges, to provide qualifications for apprenticeships in England. It was formed in April 2017 following on from the Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009 and work of the National Apprenticeship Service. IfATE is a non-departmental public body of the Department for Education (DfE).
Governance
the IfATE board of directors includes:
Ruby McGregor-Smith
Jennifer Coupland (Chief Executive)
Dr Kate Barclay
Bev Robinson
Fiona Kendrick
Robin Millar
Malcolm Press
Peter Estlin
Neil Morrison
Jane Hadfield
Mark McClennon
Previous board members include Gerald Berragan, Antony Jenkins, Toby Peyton-Jones , Jessica Leigh Jones and John Cope.
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69828958
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Navy%20cutlasses
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Royal Navy cutlasses
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1845 Pattern
After the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 the Royal Navy reduced in size from 145,000 men to 19,000. Despite this drop in the requirement for new cutlasses the Board of Ordnance held trials of six new designs in 1841. In the following year The Admiralty accepted the design proposed by George Lovell, the inspector of small arms. The 1845 Pattern cutlass appears to have been based on Lovell's designs. It is possible that this pattern entered service earlier than 1845 but a fire at the Tower of London storehouse has clouded the issue. 1845 is the first year that saw significant quantities of the cutlass issued.
The 1845 Pattern was significantly different from the 1804 Pattern. The blade, at , was the longest of any pattern of cutlass to be issued and was significantly more curved. The knuckle-guard was a simple steel bowl, providing greater protection than the double disc design, the outside of which curved outwards for additional strength (a feature retained in later patterns). The hilt had no quillon but retained the slit for a sword knot. It is possible that the guard was modelled on that of the 1821 Pattern Heavy Cavalry Sword, though this retained the quillon and lacked the outwards curve.
The 1845 Pattern retained the cast-iron grip but it was simplified with no longitudinal grooves and only 12 circumferential grooves. The grip was also less ergonomically shaped than the 1804 Pattern, possibly for cost reasons. The 1845 Pattern also introduced a small pommel at the base of the hilt, which was referred to as a burr. The scabbard was similar to the 1804 Pattern, with the same lack of locket which again often allowed the frog hook to pull out from the leather. The 1845 Pattern featured an acute point, making it more useful than its predecessor for thrusting which was now emphasised in the navy's drill manuals.
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69830562
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akafuku
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Akafuku
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Akafuku (赤福) is a Japanese pastry shop founded in 1707, during the Edo period. Still active and family-owned, its longevity allows it to be part of the Henokiens.
Akafuku first developed as a teahouse for pilgrims going to Ise Grand Shrine. It is the place of origin for akafuku mochi, a type of rice cakes filled with sweet bean paste. It closed twice in its 300+ year history: during World War II when sugar became scarce, and in 2007 after authorities found that the company had tampered with expiration labels. Masutane Hamada, the 11th head of the business resigned after the scandal, but returned to the position in 2017. He resigned again in 2020 after it was found that he had allowed the company to supply "anti-social groups" (a euphemism for the Yakuza, or Japanese mafia) with alcohol bearing their logos between 2000 and 2012.
In the 1990s the company invested more than US$120 million to develop the Okage Yokocho district of period stores which became a popular destination, driving the number of annual visitors from 200,000 to 3.4 million.
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69830665
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracaena%20ombet
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Dracaena ombet
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Dracaena ombet, commonly known as Gabal Elba dragon tree, is a species of plant belonging to the Asparagaceae family, formerly included in the Ruscaceae. It is found in northeastern Africa and the western Arabian Peninsula.
Description
It is a tree that reaches a size of 2–8 m in height, with a forked trunk that produces a red resin. The leaves form dense rosettes at the ends of the branches, these are linear with a broad base, 40–60 x up to 3 cm, gradually tapering to the tip that is sharp, thick and rigid, with smooth margins, flat to concave in the top. The inflorescence is panicle-shaped, 0.5 m long, highly branched, glabrous or pubescent, with tiny, ovate-lanceolate bracts. Whitish tepals, 4–6 mm long, are linear. Stamens are somewhat shorter than tepals; flattened filaments. The fruit in the form of berries 10–12 mm in diameter.
Distribution
It is found at an altitude of 1000–1800 m in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan and Saudi Arabia.
Taxonomy
Dracaena ombet was described by Heuglin ex Kotschy & Peyr. and published in Plantae tinneanae sive descriptio plantarum in ... 47, in 1867.
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69830985
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393%20Paris%20Saint-Germain%20FC%20season
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1992–93 Paris Saint-Germain FC season
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The 1992–93 season was Paris Saint-Germain's 23rd season in existence. PSG played their home league games at the Parc des Princes in Paris, registering an average attendance of 26,693 spectators per match. The club was presided by Michel Denisot and the team was coached by Artur Jorge. Paul Le Guen was the team captain.
Summary
Led by Bernard Lama, who replaced the recently retired Joël Bats in goal, fellow French talents Alain Roche and Vincent Guérin, and prolific Liberian marksman George Weah, the Red and Blues reached a European semifinal for the first time in their history in 1992–93. After an easy first round against PAOK, PSG defeated Napoli and Anderlecht — two resounding European names but whose best days had already passed — and qualified for the quarterfinals of the UEFA Cup where they were paired with the great Real Madrid.
The Parisians fell to a 3–1 defeat in the first leg at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, seriously complicating their chances of qualification. PSG learned their lesson, though, and managed arguably their most famous comeback ever in the second leg. They were 3–0 up in added time with goals from George Weah, David Ginola and Valdo, when the Spanish side pulled one back, momentarily forcing extra time. Paris were given a free kick near Real's area in the final seconds of regular time and Antoine Kombouaré, just like against Anderlecht in the previous round, rose higher than anyone else to send his team to the semifinals with a fantastic header that made him a club legend. PSG supporters nicknamed him "Gold Helmet" after this goal. Unfortunately, PSG's fairy tale ended in the last four against eventual winners Juventus.
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69831002
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Coulson%20%28mining%20engineer%29
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William Coulson (mining engineer)
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For the next 40 years Coulson led shaft sinking operations mainly in the Great Northern Coalfield. His team of master sinkers included his brother Frank and his three of his sons: William, Robert and James. In the early 1850s he worked in Wales (with the Cardiff and Newport Colliery and Ironstone Co) and Lancashire and following these activities his team was recruited by the Irish surveyor and entrepreneur William Thomas Mulvany to open up the Ruhr coalfield. Work began on the Hibernia mine in Gelsenkirchen on St. Patrick’s Day in 1855 followed by the Shamrock mine later that year, then the Erin colliery in Herne. In total, he sank five shafts in Prussia. There were also explorations for coal in Portugal.
His son Robert worked in mines in Singapore, Borneo and Siam in the 1850s and 1860s and his father supplied some of the workforce for these mines. His son William, took over the Crossgate Foundry in Durham that manufactured iron tubbing. In 1866 the company was absorbed into the Grange Iron Company developing the manufacture of mining and other equipment.
Hartley Colliery disaster
Coulson is most remembered for his attempt to rescue the 199 men entombed in New Hartley Colliery. On 16 January 1862, the 42 ton beam of the pumping engine snapped in half and crashed down the shaft sealing the only entrance into the mine – the shaft sunk by Coulson in 1845.
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69831168
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasioptera%20rubi
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Lasioptera rubi
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Lasioptera rubi (also known as the raspberry gall midge) is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae and is found in Europe. It was first described in 1803 by the German priest, botanist and entomologist, Franz von Paula Schrank. The larvae feed within the tissue of brambles, creating abnormal plant growths known as galls.
Description
In the early summer the gall midge lays a cluster of up to forty eggs in young bramble shoots. Rapid cell growth of the tissue creates a rounded swelling of 5 x 2 cm in the stem, which sometimes has longitudinal fissures, and contains several irregular cavities with larvae. The cavities are lined with fungal mycelium on which the larvae feed. When young the larvae are white, and later in the summer and winter are orange-red. Usually the gall develops on one side of the shoot, but occasionally spreads to the other side. Initially the gall is green, but changes to reddish-brown as it matures. Larvae pupate the following spring and the adults emerge in the spring. Sometimes the gall is in a leaf petiole.
Lasioptera rubi galls have been found on the following species;
Rubus caesius – European dewberry
Rubus canescens
Rubus gillotii
Rubus grabowskii
Rubus idaeus – raspberry
Rubus nessensis
Rubus fruticosus – blackberry
Rubus plicatus
Rubus praecox
Rubus ulmifolius – elmleaf blackberry
Similar species
Galls of the gall wasp, Diastrophus rubi, are elongate (2–15 cm long and circa 1 cm wide) compared with the gall of Lasioptera rubi, which is rounded (5 x 2 cm).
Distribution
The fly has been recorded in 24 European countries, from Ireland. France and Spain in the west, to Finland, Ukraine and Russia in the east.
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69831413
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honored%20Artist%20of%20the%20RSFSR
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Honored Artist of the RSFSR
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Honored Artist of the RSFSR (, Zasluzhenny artist RSFSR) was an honorary title granted to Soviet artists, including theatre and film directors, choreographers, music performers, and orchestra conductors, who had outstanding achievements in the arts, and who lived in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) from 1931 to 1991.
History
From 1919 until the decree from 1931, it was awarded the title "Honored Artist of the Republic". It was assigned by the collegia of the People's Commissariat of Education of the republics, by the order issued by the People's Commissars of Education, by the executive committees of regional councils.
From 1931 to May 1992, the title "Honored Artist of the RSFSR" was awarded to artists, directors, composers, instrumentalists, circus and colloquial performers, famous performers of classical, pop and jazz music from the RSFSR and the union republics, as well as dozens of other famous creative figures of Russia in the field of cinema, music and other spheres of culture (see the list of Honored Artists of the RSFSR).
The next degree of recognition was the awarding of the title "People's Artist of the RSFSR", then "People's Artist of the USSR".
Since 16 May 1992, all documents refer to the title as "Merited Artist of the Russian Federation". The badge has undergone some changes: the inscription "RSFSR" was removed and instead of the RSFSR flag of 1954, there was a tricolor on the moire ribbon. On the eve of 1996, the decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1341 was issued, after which new signs were developed.
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78742080
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angels%20Gate%20%28tugboat%29
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Angels Gate (tugboat)
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Angels Gate is a tugboat preserved as a museum ship at the Los Angeles Maritime Museum in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California. Angels Gate was built in 1944 for the United States Army as tugboat ST-695, a 327-F design. The Army's small tugs, designated ST, ranged from about in length. The Angels Gate was built by the Decatur Iron and Steel in Decatur, Alabama. Angels Gate is small steel hull harbor tug. The United States Army used the ST-695 as an Army Port of Embarkation in Wilmington, California to move ships and maritime pilots. With World War II port duties completed, the Army declared ST-695 surplus in 1947. She was and acquired by the City of Los Angeles Harbor Department. She was renamed as the LAHD No. 10 and put in to Port of Los Angeles duties. The tug LAHD No 10 was renamed in 1956 to LAHD Angels Gate, this was later shortening just Angels Gate. Angels Gate was retired in 1992, and transferred as a fully functional museum ship to the Los Angeles Maritime Museum. She is powered by a single Detroit Diesel diesel engine with a single propeller. She as a length of , a beam of and depth of . She as two-stroke single acting six-cylinder Fairbanks-Morse type 37E1 diesel engine Los Angeles Maritime Museum used her for educational harbor tours and "classroom at sea" voyages for students at the Port of Los Angeles High School. Angels Gate is a Type V ship, as this is the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) designation for World War II tugboats. Type V tugs were used in World War II, Korean War, and the Vietnam War.
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78742086
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falciform%20ligament%20sign
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Falciform ligament sign
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The falciform ligament sign is a radiological sign observed on abdominal imaging in cases of pneumoperitoneum, where free intraperitoneal air outlines the falciform ligament. This sign is considered a diagnostic indicator of free air within the abdominal cavity and is most commonly identified on computed tomography (CT) scans and less frequently in abdominal radiographs.
Anatomy
The falciform ligament is a double-layered fold of peritoneum that connects the anterior abdominal wall to the anterosuperior surface of the liver. It contains the ligamentum teres (a remnant of the umbilical vein) in its free edge and lies within the midline, extending from the umbilicus to the inferior surface of the diaphragm. Under normal conditions, the falciform ligament is not visible on CT imaging unless surrounded by free air or fluid.
Computed Tomography findings
On CT, falciform ligament is seen as a linear high-attenuation structure outlined by low-attenuation free air. There may be associated findings such as the site for perforation or underlying pathology.
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78742369
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polka%20dot%20sign
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Polka dot sign
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The polka dot sign is a radiological finding most commonly observed on axial computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the spine. It is a hallmark feature of vertebral hemangiomas, a benign vascular tumor of the vertebral body. The sign refers to the appearance of multiple small, dot-like areas of sclerosis or hyperintensity within the vertebral body, resembling a pattern of polka dots.
Pathophysiology
The polka dot sign arises due to the unique structural changes in vertebral hemangiomas. These changes include thickened vertical trabeculae, where they appear as small, discrete dots in axial imaging. There is also vascular proliferation and fat deposition that replaces normal bone marrow. This contributes to the mixed-density appearance of the lesion.
Imaging characteristics
The polka dot sign is best seen in CT imaging as multiple small, circular, sclerotic areas within the vertebral body, representing cross-sections of the thickened vertical trabeculae. The background may appear lucent or hypodense due to vascular spaces and fat replacement. The sagittal view may demonstrate the corduroy sign, which represents vertically oriented striations corresponding to the thickened trabeculae.
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78742507
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phuti%20karpas
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Phuti karpas
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Gossypium arboreum var. neglecta, locally known as Phuti karpas or Phuti Karpash, is a variety of Gossypium arboreum endemic to Bangladesh, especially near Dhaka along the river banks, and in some places in West Bengal, India. It was believed to be extinct. The cotton from this plant was used to make Dhaka muslin, a rare extinct fabric. It could be spun so that individual threads could maintain tensile strength at counts higher than any other variety of cotton. In 2015, in a project to resurrect Muslin, Phuti Karpas plants are being searched by planting similar plants along the river.
Description
Phuti Karpas was a perennial herbaceous plant with soft droopy stem. The green venous leaves were palmate, and deeply divided into three lobes.
Phuti Karpas would produce flowers twice a year and had very short fibers. These fibers needed special conditions, like selective humidity and temperature to be converted into yarn.
Distribution & Cultivation
Main cultivation area of Phuti Karpas was very small, along the high banks of river Meghna, Shitalakshya and Brahmaputra and its branches near Dhaka. The cultivation of Phuti Karpas was stopped by the end of the 18th century.
The variety of the cotton plant is believed to be extinct. In 2015, in a non-government project to resurrect Muslin, seeds of plants similar to Gossypium arboreum var. neglecta were planted along the river banks of Meghna in Kapasia, 30 km north of Dhaka, Bangladesh. 70% similarity with Phuti Karpas was found by searching along the river banks in Gazipur, Mymensingh and Chittagong Hill Tracts. Government venture to revive Muslin was implemented by Bangladesh Handloom Board, Cotton Development Board and University of Rajshahi which found 6 similar species to Phuti Karpas out of 39 collected samples from Cumilla.
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78742542
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Busiri%20Mosque
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Al-Busiri Mosque
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Al-Busiri Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الإمام البوصيري, romanized: Masjid Al-Imam Al-Busiri), also known as Imam Al Busiri Mosque, is a mosque located in the Anfoushi neighbourhood of Alexandria, Egypt. It is named after Al-Busiri, a Sanhaji Sufi Imam who lived in Alexandria during the 13th century, and it is where his tomb is located. The mosque is located next to Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque.
History
The mosque was built in 1858 after a mosque was instructed to be built on the site of Imam Al-Busiri's tomb on the orders of Sa'id the Wali of Egypt.
Restoration
Several restorations took place in 1898 on the order of Tewfik Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt. In 2006, a representative from the Islamic Antiquities Department of the Alexandria Governorate announced that 3 million pounds were allocated to restore the mosque.
Architecture
The mosque contains two separate squares, the first of which includes a courtyard that contains a fountain. The second square is the Iwan, which faces the Qibla. It is higher than the level of the mosque's courtyard. The mosque also contains a shrine, which is a square room that contains the tomb of Imam Al-Buisiri and is covered by a dome which features muqarnas. The mosque contains a Minaret built in the Mamluk architectural style. The mosque is built in the same style as Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque, which is located a few meters away from it. Several verses from Al-Busiri's poem Al-Burda are displayed in the mosque.
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78742679
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Kalpi
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Battle of Kalpi
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The Battle of Kalpi, also referred to as the Sack of Kalpi, was an important conflict during the late 17th century involving Chhatrasal Bundela, the leader of the Bundela rebellion against the Mughal Empire. The battle unfolded when Chhatrasal attacked and plundered the strategic town of Kalpi, an important Mughal stronghold, killing its governor, Pir Ali Khan. Following this, Pir Ali Khan’s son, Diler Khan, led a counterattack, forcing Chhatrasal to retreat initially.
However, after securing reinforcements and rallying an army of 30,000 troops, Chhatrasal launched a renewed offensive against Diler Khan. Despite being heavily outnumbered, Diler Khan offered fierce resistance but was ultimately defeated and killed along with 500 of his men.
Battle
In 1720, the Bundelas raided Kalpi, killing Pir Ali Khan, the Amil of the region, along with his son. In response, Diler Khan, a subordinate of Bangash, launched a military campaign against the Bundelas, forcing them to retreat from the parganas of Kalpi and Jalalpur. However, the Bundelas soon regrouped under the leadership of Chhatrasal, assembling a force of over 30,000 troops supported by heavy artillery. Recognizing the unfavorable circumstances, Diler Khan sought to avoid a direct confrontation with the Bundelas. Chhatrasal departed from Sohrapur, where he had been encamped, and advanced towards Alona. He and his army arrived at Sohrapur on May 8, 1721. However, their progress was hindered by continuous rainfall. Undeterred, Chhatrasal continued the pursuit, following the course of the Ken River and eventually reaching the vicinity of Alona. Meanwhile, Diler Khan managed to escape to Maudha. Resolute in his efforts to confront Diler Khan, Chhatrasal set out for Maudha on May 15. Realizing that a confrontation with the Bundela forces was inevitable, Diler Khan decided to take the initiative and launch an attack.
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78742927
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laukaan%20kirkonkyl%C3%A4
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Laukaan kirkonkylä
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Laukaan kirkonkylä (), historically known as Pellosniemi, is an urban area (a taajama) and the administrative center of the municipality of Laukaa, Finland. It is located between two lakes, Saraavesi in the east and the smaller Vuojärvi in the west.
Formerly a rural village formed on lands of the Pellosniemi vicarage, the modern urban area largely developed during the late 20th century. The regional road 637 (Jyväskyläntie) passes through the settlement.
The urban area, as defined by Statistics Finland, had a population of 8,332 on 31 December 2023. This definition includes Vihtavuori, which was still counted as a separate urban area in 2020.
Names
The official name of the urban area has been Laukaan kirkonkylä since the late 1960s. The settlement's older name is Pellosniemi, which is also the name of the vicarage and the cape it is located on. The name Pellosniemi was first mentioned in 1586. It contains the word meaning "field", and thus may refer to an area where settled agriculture was practiced early on, as opposed to slash-and-burn agriculture, which was more common in the region at that time. The name may also be connected to a 16th-century administrative unit () also called Pellosniemi near modern Mikkeli, as one of the earliest settlers of this village came from the Mikkeli area.
Geography and nature
Situated in the center of the municipality, Laukaan kirkonkylä is located between two lakes, Saraavesi and Vuojärvi. There are also two smaller bodies of water further south, Lahnajärvi and Petäälampi.
Laukaan kirkonkylä is located by a terminal moraine formation (), which is visible as a ridge beginning from the southwest around the hills Aikalanmäki and Kataanmäki, extending to the northeast towards the Kylmäniemi cape. There are also small wetlands, such as Akkasuo, which consists of open bog and forested swamp.
History
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78743143
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseidon%20Peak
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Poseidon Peak
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Poseidon Peak is a mountain in Fiordland, New Zealand.
Description
Poseidon Peak is part of the Humboldt Mountains which are a subrange of the Southern Alps. It is set on the boundary shared by the Otago and Southland Regions of South Island. It is also set on the boundary shared by Mount Aspiring National Park and Fiordland National Park which are part of the Te Wahipounamu UNESCO World Heritage Site. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's west slope drains to the Hollyford River via Hidden Falls Creek, whereas the other slopes drain into Rock Burn and Beans Burn which are tributaries of the Dart River / Te Awa Whakatipu. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises above Hidden Falls Creek in 2.5 kilometres. This mountain's toponym has been officially approved by the New Zealand Geographic Board. Poseidon Peak is centred within a group of peaks which share a common Greek mythology naming theme: Tantalus Peak, Niobe Peak, Poseidon, Sarpedon, Amphion Peak, Minos Peak, and Mount Chaos.
Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Poseidon Peak is located in a marine west coast climate zone. Prevailing westerly winds blow moist air from the Tasman Sea onto the mountain, where the air is forced upwards by the mountains (orographic lift), causing moisture to drop in the form of rain and snow. This climate supports the Park Pass Glacier on the south slope. The months of December through February offer the most favourable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
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78743632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijaynagara%20Invasion%20of%20Bijapur%20%281552%29
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Vijaynagara Invasion of Bijapur (1552)
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The allied forces of Vijayanagar and Ahmadnagar successfully captured the fort of Raichur Following this victory the garrison at Mudgal recognizing the futility of resistance, surrendered without opposition. With the strategic forts secured, Rama Raya entrusted his younger brother Venkatadri to lead a contingent of troops in support of Burhan Nizam Shah I’s continued campaign. Confident in the strength of the alliance and the progress made, Rama Raya returned to Vijayanagar leaving Venkatadri to oversee further operations.
With the assistance of Venkatadri, the Sultan of Ahmadnagar successfully captured Sholapur in a short period and fortified the city before returning to his capital. While the history of the Sultans of Bijapur, as recorded by Ferishta does not explain the strategic aim behind the allies' attempt to conquer Gulbarga the history of the Sultans of Ahmadnagar provides a different perspective. According to this account, Burhan Nizam Shah I was unable to capture the city because he was abandoned by his Hindu ally Rama Raya. This departure left Ahmadnagar’s forces unable to maintain their campaign, leading to the failure to seize Gulbarga.
A possible misunderstanding may have occurred between Sultan Burhan Nizam Shah I and Venkatadri, which led to the latter leaving for Vijayanagara. Without Venkatadri's crucial support, Nizam Shah's ambitions to conquer Gulbarga remained unfulfilled. Soon after this setback, Nizam Shah passed away.
Aftermath
After the death of Burhan Nizam Shah I his son Hussain Nizam Shah I ascended the throne of Ahmadnagar. Seeking stability and peace, Hussain initiated talks with Ibrahim Adil Shah I of Bijapur. The two rulers met on their borders in a diplomatic gesture of goodwill. The meeting was marked by cordial discussions, and both kings managed to resolve their differences, leading to a peaceful understanding. They parted ways satisfied with the terms of their agreement, bringing an end to hostilities between their kingdoms, at least for a time being.
| 2.1875
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78743734
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%201982%20Palestinian%20general%20strike
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March 1982 Palestinian general strike
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On 29 March, four Palestinians were injured in Ya'bad while clashing with Israeli soldiers when a group of Civil Administration staff attempted to visit the village.
Land Day
As the protests continued, they coincided with Land Day, the annual day of protests held by Palestinians to mark the anniversary of a significant wave of protests that broke out in 1976 over a move by the Israeli government to confiscate Palestinian land. In preparation for Land Day, the Israeli military ordered its soldiers to be on higher alert. A demonstration that day was also by Al Fajr journalists in protest against Israeli censorship, resulting in 15 of the journalists being arrested after they refused to voluntarily disperse.
Land Day protests also saw widespread participation by Arab citizens of Israel, despite most councils of Arab towns inside Israel choosing not to join a general strike over fears that their participation would worsen tensions. One demonstration in Jaljulia developed into a serious clash with Israeli police, resulting in at least five protestors and six police officers being injured. In Nazareth, the mayor's wife and office director were arrested.
Following the Land Day protests, the wave of protests largely subsided.
Reactions
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78743872
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govinda%20III%27s%20Southern%20Campaign
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Govinda III's Southern Campaign
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An inscription from Halebidu mentions a hero named Sirigoppa, who died in battle against Dantivarman's forces at Chikurambavi. This indicates that Dantivarman may have attacked the village, which was under the control of the Rattas, allies of the Rashtrakutas. This event could provide context for Govinda III's temporary occupation of Kanchi.
Second Southern Campaign
Govinda launched a military campaign in southern India to confront a coalition of Dravidian kings, which included rulers from Gangawadi, Chera, Pandya, Chola, and Pallava. He emerged victorious, defeating the coalition forces and inflicting heavy losses on the Ganga army. Kanchi was recaptured during the campaign, and the Chola and Pandya kingdoms were brought under his control.The king of Ceylon, concerned about the potential fate of his kingdom, sent statues of himself and his minister to Govinda as a gesture of submission. Govinda had these statues sent to Malkhed, where they were installed in front of a Shiva temple as symbols of victory.
The southern campaign commenced after the monsoon season in 808 CE and likely continued until 810 or 811 CE. Towards the end of his reign, Govinda, advanced in age and nearing the end of his life, prioritised securing the succession of his son, Amoghavarsha, who was born in 808 CE.
| 2.4375
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78743952
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildirim%20Organization
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Ildirim Organization
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Members
Gulhuseyn Huseyn oglu Abdullayev was born on October 16, 1923, in the village of Mollaoba, Masalli district. He received his secondary education in Baku. In 1942, he worked in the editorial office of the "Kommunist" newspaper, and in 1945–1947, in the "Ədəbiyyat" newspaper. In 1947, he graduated from the Philology Department of Azerbaijan State University. In 1942, he met frequently with Haji Zeynalov and Kamil Rzayev. After meeting Ismikhan Rahimov, he and Haji Zeynalov founded the nationalist Ildirim organization. He was arrested in 1948 and sentenced to 5 years of deprivation of voting rights and 25 years of imprisonment, with all his property confiscated. After his arrest, he spent 7 years cutting trees in the Tayshet and Bodaybo forests and served his sentence in a correctional labor camp. After being acquitted in 1956, he returned to Baku and worked as a teacher, senior teacher, associate professor, and professor at the Department of History of Azerbaijani Literature at the Faculty of Philology of Azerbaijan State University until the end of his life. In 2002, he was awarded a personal pension by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In 2005, he was awarded the honorary title of "People's Writer" of Azerbaijan. He died in Baku on July 8, 2013.
| 1.9375
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78743993
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakubu%20Nabame
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Yakubu Nabame
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Karari managed to escape to Zazzagawa, where he assembled a fresh army from among the Zabarma and Arewa subjects. After suffering two successive defeats against Gwandu, Karari fled once more. However, his old age and an injury sustained in battle slowed him down. Realising he could not avoid capture, he dismounted his horse and commanded his son Nabame to continue without him. Initially reluctant to leave his father behind, Nabame eventually rode away. The Gwandu forces found Karari seated on his shield, holding his rosary in a posture of prayer, and killed him.
Exile in Sokoto
Following his father's death, Nabame spent a year or two hiding among the Arewa, who protected him from Sokoto. Eventually, he decided to surrender to Gwandu. After some deliberation, it was agreed to spare his life, and he was exiled to Sokoto in 1831. Nabame was said to be about 12 years old at the time of his exile.
During Nabame's exile in Sokoto, the Kebbawa abandoned their revolt and submitted to Sokoto. While at the Caliph's palace, Nabame was groomed to eventually assume leadership of the Kebbawa and become a firm ally of the Caliphate. He quickly gained favour and trust in Sokoto, particularly with Caliph Ali Babba (r. 1842–1859), who reportedly regarded him as a son.
Caliph Ali appointed Nabame to a senior command in the Sokoto army, where he led several expeditions. During one such campaign against a Gobir revolt in Zamfara in 1847, a Gobir horseman recognised Nabame and shouted, "You should be on our side, not helping those who slew your father!" Although Nabame ignored the taunt at the time, it weighed heavily on his mind. During the battle, the Gobirawa nearly killed Umaru, a son of Ali, but Nabame narrowly saved him. Upon returning to Sokoto, Nabame was rewarded with his freedom and allowed to return to his people.
| 2.34375
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78743993
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakubu%20Nabame
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Yakubu Nabame
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Revolt and death
Back in Kebbi, Nabame continued to be troubled by the taunts of the Gobirawa. In 1849, he renounced his allegiance to Sokoto and declared himself Sarkin Kebbi, ending the 18-year truce between Kebbi and the Sokoto Caliphate. His revolt quickly gained momentum, with support coming in from his Kebbawa kinsmen and his father's former allies in Arewa and Zabarma.
The Caliphate forces, caught unprepared, suffered significant losses, including the powerful stronghold of Silame. A combined army from Gwandu and Sokoto attempted to capture Nabame's Argungu but was ultimately forced to retreat.
Caliph Ali's retreat marked the first surrender of territory by the Sokoto Caliphate outside of Bornu since its original conquests. Following Nabame's revival of the Kebbawa struggle for independence, the Kebbawa continued to harass the Caliphate for over fifty years until its collapse in 1903, solidifying Kebbi's independence as an irreversible reality. The Kebbawa frequently organised raiding parties and engaged in guerrilla warfare, preventing the Caliphate from ever fully subduing them. Nabame was eventually killed during one of these raids in 1854.
Legacy
Yakubu Nabame came to be revered among the Kebbawa who regard him as "a heroic figure, like Wallace or Bruce, who snapped the fetters of servitude and led his people back to dignity and freedom".
The palace Nabame built in Argungu, known as Gidan Nabame ("Nabame's House"), served as the primary residence for his successors for almost a century. Today, it stands as a museum dedicated to the history of Kebbi.
| 2.578125
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78744027
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkingstead%20Wood
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Milkingstead Wood
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Milkingstead Wood is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) within the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. It is located 1km south east of Eskdale Green in the valley of the River Esk (Eskdale). This site is important because of the fern species present.
This site used to be part of Dalegarth Force and Woods SSSI.
Biology
The woodland has a variety of different tree species including pedunculate oak, downy birch, alder and rowan. Oak trees in this woodland were probably historically managed using coppicing. The woodland floor is also varied and includes dry rocky outcrops and also wet peat.
Fern species include Tunbridge filmy fern, lemon scented fern, male fern, buckler fern and beech fern. Moss species include the large rounded hummocks of Leucobryum glaucum. Herb species in this protected area include common cow-wheat, white climbing fumitory, greater stitchwort, bluebell, wood sorrel and heath spotted orchid.
Geology
The rocks underlying Milkingstead Wood are granite (referred to as Eskdale Granite) and this rock type forms vertical cliffs within this protected area.
Land ownership
All of the land within Milkingstead Wood SSSI is owned by the National Trust.
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78744183
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20Tasmanian%20local%20elections
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2011 Tasmanian local elections
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The 2011 Tasmanian local elections were held in October 2011 to elect the councils, mayors and deputy mayors of the 29 local government areas (LGAs) in Tasmania, Australia.
These were the final local elections held on a biennial basis − with the next elections held in 2014 (having initially been scheduled for 2013) and elections since being held on a quadrennial basis − following legislation passed by the state parliament.
Electoral system
Voting in Tasmanian local elections was not compulsory in 2011. All voting is held via post, and the elections are conducted by the Tasmanian Electoral Commission (TEC).
Councillor elections are conducted using a slightly modified version of the Hare-Clark electoral system, which is also used for Tasmanian House of Assembly elections. Mayors and deputy mayors are elected using preferential voting, which is also used for Tasmanian Legislative Council elections. The Robson Rotation is used to rotate the order in which candidate names appear on ballot papers.
Candidates were required to have council experience to run for the positions of mayor or deputy mayor (a rule which was removed for the 2014 local elections). Half of all councillors were up for election every two years (as part of the "half-in, half-out" system), while all mayors and deputy mayors had two-year terms.
Candidates
A total of 283 candidates nominated for 147 councillor positions, 62 candidates nominated for 29 mayoral positions, and 76 candidates nominated for 29 deputy mayoral positions. Nine mayoral positions and seven deputy mayoral positions were uncontested.
The Greens endorsed 15 candidates across seven LGAs. The Labor Party announced in August 2011 that it would endorse candidates at local elections for the first time. Sharon Carnes was Labor's candidate in Glenorchy and Simon Monk ran in Hobart. Monk was unsuccessful and received less than 5% of the vote, but Carnes was elected.
| 2.046875
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78744258
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRR%20Eastern%20Line
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IRR Eastern Line
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After 1968, the Ba'ath regime put a similar plan to Saleh Zaki Tawfiq's forward to replace the existing railway with a new standard-gauge railway for interoperability with the IRR Northern, as well as the recently to standard-gauge retrofitted IRR Southern Line. This plan included the idea of extending the line to Sulaymaniyah. However, after further planning and evaluation, it was decided to build a new standard-gauge railway, creating a faster connection to Baghdad from Kirkuk. The new railway made the old connection economically obsolete, thus forcing it to close. Other, political reasons were to make Arabisation easier, by not only connecting Kirkuk better to other Sunni Arab areas in the west of Iraq but also cutting off railway access to Kurdish areas following the autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan in 1970. Erbil and the rest of the Kurdistan Region slowly lost their rail service starting in 1984 by order of the Office of the Presidency of the Iraqi Republic and finishing on May 15, 1988.
As a result, many landmarks along the old line, such as the Erbil Railway Terminal, the Baba Kiwan Junction, multiple bridges, and various facilities such as hotels and hospitals, were demolished.
| 2.046875
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78744400
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o%20Louren%C3%A7o%20M%C3%A1rtir%20Archaeological%20Site
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São Lourenço Mártir Archaeological Site
|
In 1682, the Jesuit priests returned to the region to establish the Sete Povos of the Missions, aiming to secure land for the Spanish Crown. These settlements mark the second phase of missionary activity. The first settlement of this phase was São Francisco de Borja (1682), followed by the reconstruction of São Nicolau and São Miguel Arcanjo. The reductions of São Luiz Gonzaga, São Lourenço Mártir (1690), São João Batista (1697), and Santo Ângelo Custódio (1706), the last of the Sete Povos, were subsequently founded.
São Lourenço Mártir was founded in 1690 with Indigenous people from the Argentine reduction of Santa María la Mayor, descendants of those who had fled Guaíra. They settled in the area under the leadership of Father Bernardo de la Vega. By 1731, the reduction had approximately 6,400 inhabitants, making it one of the largest settlements among the Sete Povos.
The Sete Povos was one of the few missions successfully implemented. However, conflicts frequently arose among the Indigenous peoples, missionaries, and landowners—who, unlike the Jesuits, sought to exploit the Indigenous population for slave labor—hindering the settlement's development. The economic activities of the Rio Grande do Sul reductions provide significant evidence of the Jesuits' success. Among the key activities, yerba mate production and livestock development were particularly important during this period. Yerba mate, promoted by the priests as a substitute for alcoholic beverages, became widely adopted within the Missions for this purpose.
| 3.171875
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78744775
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20sphaerica
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Amastra sphaerica
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Amastra sphaerica is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 10.6 mm, its diameter 10.2 mm
The shell is narrowly umbilicate, globose-conic, and moderately solid. The spire is dull purplish-brown, transitioning to purplish-brown or chestnut on the body whorl, which fades to a brighter yellow in its final third or fourth. There are 5 moderately convex whorls, with the body whorl being very obtusely sub-angular in the anterior portion and becoming rounded toward its final segment; in mature shells, the body whorl descends noticeably to meet the aperture.
The spire's outlines are straight or show minimal tapering near the apex. The first whorl is smooth, followed by very fine, softly striate patterns on the second whorl. The last two whorls are finely and sharply striate, with the striae being irregular and unequal. The suture is distinct and well-defined.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on Kauai island.
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78744853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundaram%20Krishnamurthy
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Sundaram Krishnamurthy
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Sundaram Krishnamurthy (12 September 1919 – 2 July 2010) was an Indian physician, surgeon, and oncologist. In recognition of his efforts in cancer research & treatment, he was honoured with the Padma Shri in 1971.
Early life and education
Krishnamurthy was born on 12 September 1919 in Madras, Tamil Nadu, to Dr. Sundara Reddy and Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy, figures in Indian medicine and social reform. He completed his Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) in 1942, followed by a Master of Science (M.Sc.) in 1946 from University of Madras.
Medical career
In 1947, Krishnamurthy pursued advanced medical training abroad. He was a Fellow at the Ellis Fischel Cancer Hospital in Columbia, Missouri, United States, and later found a job at the Royal Cancer Hospital, London. When he informed his mother of his plans of moving to London, she sent a telegram claiming to be seriously ill. Rushing back to India, he found her in good health. She then reproached him, saying: “I sent you abroad to study so that you could come back and serve our people, not live comfortably in a foreign country”.
Upon returning to India, Krishnamurthy joined the cancer unit at the General Hospital, Madras. During his tenure, he encountered administrative challenges, including allegations of corruption, which ultimately led to his departure. He later joined the Cancer Institute, Adyar, a non-profit organization established by his mother, where he continued his work in oncology, focusing on patient care and research.
Krishnamurthy held several key positions at the Cancer Institute. He served as scientific director (1954–1959), director and scientific director (1959–1980), and vice-chairman from 1980 onward. At the time of his death, he was the adviser for research and planning at the institute. Additionally, he served as honorary surgeon to the president of India from 1987 to 1992.
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78745085
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castellier%20oppidum
|
Castellier oppidum
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An embankment measuring 11 meters in width, as ascertained through examination in 2005, yielded charcoal, clay, iron fragments, and rare traces of wooden beams. The rampart's facade may have been adorned with flint stones, a hypothesis substantiated by the presence of debris.
Mortimer Wheeler identified a gate on the western side of the site.
Despite the ambiguity surrounding the layout of the oppidum, evidence suggests the presence of an ancient northwest-southeast axis, which corresponds to the modern La Motte stream.
The 2007 excavations unearthed Gallic structures. The interior space of the oppidum appears to have undergone a process of subdividing through ditches.
Interpretation
During the Late La Tène period, the site encompassed an area of over 10 hectares, a feature that lends credence to the hypothesis that it served as the capital of the Lexovii, as posited by Pierre Giraud.
The presence of imported ceramics led excavators to describe Le Castellier as "one of the sites in Lower Normandy with the largest quantity of imported material."
Archaeological evidence has been unearthed that indicates the presence of grain storage facilities, including granaries. The findings also included artifacts related to ironworking and other craft activities. However, the latter remains unidentified.
| 2.390625
| 0
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78745122
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1961%20O1%20%28Wilson%E2%80%93Hubbard%29
|
C/1961 O1 (Wilson–Hubbard)
|
C/1961 O1 (Wilson–Hubbard) is a non-periodic comet discovered on 23 July 1961. The comet passed perihelion on 17 July, became visible in twilight on 23 July, having a long tail, and faded rapidly, becoming no longer visible with the naked eye after the first days of August.
Observational history
The comet was spotted on 23 July 1961 by air navigator A. Steward Wilson on board a Boeing 707 flying from Honolulu to Portland, Oregon. The aircraft was at an altitude of 8,800 meters when Wilson noted noted a light source that looked like a searchlight next to theta Aurigae. He examined it with binoculars as it rose above the horizon and found its nucleus next to tau Geminorum, identifying the source of light as a comet. He estimated its magnitude to be 3.5. The comet was at a solar elongation of 17°. W. B. Hubbard saw the comet on 24 July from the McDonald Observatory while observing the Echo satellite and estimated its magnitude to be 3.
Subsequently, more independent discoveries were reported. Flight attendant A. Ras spotted the tail of the comet, measuring 15° long, at sunrise while flying over Libya. P. W. Bailey saw the tail of the comet on 24 July from near Seville, Spain, and using binoculars estimated the tail rose 35 degrees above the horizon. The comet was also spotted from other persons on board flying aircraft on 24 July. The presence of the comet was also confirmed by professional astronomers on 24 July, who estimated its magnitude to be between 3 and 3.4.
On 25 July, Alan McClure photographed the comet and noted it had a tail 21 degrees long and an antitail about 3.3° long, while visually the tail extended for 23 degrees and the anti-tail for 1.5 degrees. He estimated the brightness of the comet with the naked eye to be 3.2. A. A. Nikitin reported that the tail of the comet on 25 July was 30 degrees long when observed with binoculars. On 29 July the magnitude of the comet was estimated to be 4 and its tail to be 3–4 degrees long.
| 2.25
| 0
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78745134
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20Jessie%20Bartlett
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Dorothy Jessie Bartlett
|
Dorothy Jessie Bartlett (married name Storey, 1887 – 1941) was a British chemist.
She was born in Streatham in 1887, the only daughter of shipping clerk Willy Bartlett and his wife Emily, née Osbourne, and educated at Streatham Hill High School. She studied science at the School of the Pharmaceutical Society, where she won several prizes and passed the Major exam to qualify as a pharmacist in 1911, and received a B.Pharm from King’s College, London the same year. She received a J. C. Hewlett scholarship, a Burroughs scholarship, and a Redwood scholarship, which allowed her to carry out research with Henry Greenish at the Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories. Her research with Arthur William Crossley, another supporter of early women chemists, resulted in a publication on o-Xylene. She then worked as a research chemist at Burgoyne, Burbridges & Co. She was elected an Associate of the Institute of Chemists in 1913.
In 1915, she married fellow chemist William Armstrong Storey, and they had a daughter. She died on 20 January 1941 in Manchester.
| 2.3125
| 0
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78745153
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das%20Buoch%20von%20guoter%20Spise
|
Das Buoch von guoter Spise
|
Das Buoch von guoter Spise (English: The book of good cooking), also called Würzburger Kochbuch (English: The Würzburg cookbook), is the first German-language cookbook in the literature of medieval cuisine.
History of the book
The recipe book was compiled in the late 1340s by Prothonotary Michael de Leone, born around 1300 in Würzburg. It appears in several manuscripts, notably in the Würzburger Liederhandschrift, in English the "Würzburg Song Manuscript", part of the ("House-Book of Michael de Leone"). The Hausbuch is composed of two volumes, of which only the second is well preserved. In this second volume, a small part (ranging from folios 156r to 165v), ten sheets out of a total of nearly 300, contains the Buoch von guoter Spîse. There is a second manuscript dating from the first half of the 15th century, now held in the : MS Georg. 278.2o, ff. 123v to 132v.
Readership
The text makes it easy to identify the target audience: the minor nobility and the wealthy urban bourgeoisie. The urban economy at that time created a new form of mobility, which led to a transfer of cultural elements and culinary customs. Indeed, at that time, cooking served as a sign of social status. As a result, not only local products are consumed, but also exotic products that are very popular. The meal thus becomes one of the most important symbols of social status. This distinction is also evident in the language; we thus distinguish the common food of the lower classes from the good food of the middle and upper classes. One is composed of broth and bread, the other of roasts, poultry and game. The manual must therefore be seen as a collection of recipes for the more affluent.
Content
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| 0
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78745214
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20Saints%20Cosmas%20and%20Damian%2C%20Kolechowice
|
Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, Kolechowice
|
A new church was built in 1696. Although situated within the territory of the Eparchy of Chełm–Belz, it retained the Orthodox faith due to a privilege granted by King John III Sobieski. The church's benefactor was (or Danielewicz), the starosta of Parczew. By the 18th century, the Kolechowice church had deteriorated as the lessees of local royal estates avoided providing the funds necessary for its upkeep. During the same century, the church adopted the Union of Brest. In a visitation record from 1793, the parson was noted to have been ordained by Uniate Bishop . Earlier, in the 1780s, the number of faithful in the Uniate parish in Kolechowice was estimated at 277.
By 1869, the church was in very poor technical condition. In 1875, following the administrative incorporation of the Uniate Diocese of Chełm into the of the Russian Orthodox Church, the church in Kolechowice became Orthodox once again. A new church was consecrated in 1883, while the former Uniate church was dismantled. Materials from the dismantling were used to construct a bell tower for the new church. In the years leading up to the abolition of the Union, the church had 217 parishioners. Some remained with the imposed Orthodox faith, while others converted to Roman Catholicism after the 1905 Edict of Toleration.
Construction and functioning of the present-day church
The currently existing church in Kolechowice was built in 1902 as a tomb chapel for Zofia Dudzińska, the wife of the parson, Father Antoni Dudziński, who personally funded the construction at a cost of 4,000 rubles. Initially, the church was dedicated to Saints Anthony and Sophia. It was consecrated on 10 July 1902 by Bishop Herman of Lublin, assisted by four other Orthodox clergy from the Eparchy of Warsaw, in the presence of about 500 local faithful.
| 2.1875
| 0
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78745695
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipper%20family
|
Flipper family
|
Festus Flipper Sr. (1832–1917) – Born in Virginia, Flipper was trafficked to far-southern Georgia or panhandle Florida by the Ponder slave-trading family. The first appearance of Flipper in the historical record is in 1855, when he was sold as a part of the estate of James Ponder, who had died 1851. Ponder's estate sold Flipper, described as a "Negro bootmaker," at auction for , while "Ponder's other slaves 'sold reasonably high.'" James Ponder had most likely used Flipper as part of an industrial-scale shoemaking operation, as in 1848, Ephraim Ponder wrote William Ponder from the Richmond, Virginia slave market that he purchased a shoemaker for $250 "for James" and hoped to buy another before they drove south with the purchased slaves. In summer 1851 Ponder advertised in the Florida Sentinel that he would have 2,000 "negro shoes" delivered for sale by October. According to Henry Flipper writing in 1936, "[Ephraim] Ponder had established in Atlanta in 1857 a factory where he manufactured buggies, carriages, wagons, carts, stage coaches, plows and boots and shoes, gathering the best Negro mechanics he could from various places in the South, the writer's father being brought from Fredericksburg, Virginia, as carriage trimmer and boot and shoemaker." Ponder filed for divorce from his wife in 1861, and Ellen Ponder remained in the Atlanta house (called "the Ponder place") until 1864 when she fled the approaching U.S. Army for Macon, then to Fort Valley. Flipper recounts that the mechanics attached to the Ponder estate hired out their time on their own authority and then paid a portion of the earnings to Mrs. Ponder. Mrs. Ponder would frequently threaten to sell south to the especially perilous Red River country slaves with whom she was frustrated, but the pending divorce meant that she could not. After the American Civil War, Festus Flipper ran his own shoe and bootmaking shop at 11 Decatur, 42 Decatur Street, and 37 Marietta near DeGive's Opera House. He was registered to vote on July 19, 1867
| 2.390625
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78745737
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876%20Peruvian%20presidential%20election
|
1876 Peruvian presidential election
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Presidential elections were held in Peru on 7 May 1876. Mariano Ignacio Prado of the Civilista Party was elected with 96% of the vote.
Background
Former army general and president Mariano Ignacio Prado, who had served as Secretary of Finance under outgoing president Manuel Pardo, started his election campaign in May 1875.
The ruling Civilista Party initially nominated as its presidential candidate. However, Tejeda died shortly before the election campaign was due to begin. The party subsequently adopted Prado as its candidate in January 1876.
Prado was opposed by another military figure, Lizardo Montero Flores, who ran as an independent candidate.
Electoral system
The elections were indirect, with the president elected by the same electoral college elected in October 1875 that elected the Congress.
Conduct
The elections were marked by violence.
Results
Aftermath
Prado survived a coup attempt in May 1877 but was removed from office by a successful coup in December 1879, when he was replaced by Nicolás de Piérola.
| 2.578125
| 0
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78746049
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chogha%20Gavaneh
|
Chogha Gavaneh
|
The site was first excavated in 1967 when a team from the Archaeological Service of Iran opened a step trench on the northeast side of the high mound. Salvage excavations were conducted in 1970 by an Archaeological Service of Iran team led by Mahmoud Kordavani. A 0.8 hectare area was opened on the high mound revealing an architectural complex, partly destroyed by modern activities, and finding a number of cuneiform tablets. The buildings were similar to those found in Mesopotamia in this period. A short season of work was conducted in 1980 by a team from the Iranian Center for Archaeological Research as destruction by locals had continued. Local inhabitants were destroying the site and had already removed several meters off the high mound to build a tea house. A hummock was built on the mound during the Iran-Iraq War of 1980–1988 to install an anti-aircraft battery. Small exploratory excavations were conducted in 1998 and 1999 led by Kamyar Abdi. In one small (3 meters by 0.9 meters by 5.20 meters) trench on the western edge Late Neolithic to Late Middle Chalcolithic material were found. In a second trench there were four Bronze Age occupation levels and below that Uruk period pottery including bevelled rim bowls (also found in a surface survey). A final sounding east of the high mound revealed Bronze Age levels and Iron Age III though Parthian levels. The room where cuneiform tablets had been found in 1970 was also re-excavated. Small finds included 35 zoomorphic figurines (sheep, goat, cattle, dog, wild donkey/horse, and gazelle), 34 geometric objects, and 18 sling bullets (egg shaped and spherical).
| 2.734375
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78746049
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chogha%20Gavaneh
|
Chogha Gavaneh
|
Epigraphics
Cuneiform tablets, along with a cylinder seal, were found (Room Β15) in the 1970 excavation, 56 tablets and 28 fragments and are now held in the Iran National Muséum in Tehran. The tablets were mostly worn and broken and were found in a fill context. Initially some of the cuneiform tablets were thought to be from the Neo-Assyrian period but that later was corrected to the early 18th century BC as were the rest of the tablets. After the latest excavation the tablets from the original 1970 dig were collated, translated, and published. The tablets were written in the Akkadian language with the occasional Sumerograms typical in this period. The only deity explicitly mentioned was dIškur (Adad) in the cylinder seal which read "Semitum, daughter of Nuriri, servant-girl of Adad". The tablets included 30 toponyms (town names), none occurring more than twice, which provided no insight into the city's name. One toponym, Me-Turan, lies 141 kilometers to the east with. The cities of Haburâtum, Der, and Akkad are also mentioned. The tablets also held 178 personal names, mostly Akkadian but including a few (13) Amorite names. Most of the tablets are on agricultural products or for administrative functions. An example:
| 2.328125
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78746101
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Ala%27alatoa
|
Barbara Ala'alatoa
|
Barbara Frances Ala'alatoa is a New Zealand–Samoan school principal, and was chair of the Education Council of Aotearoa New Zealand from 2015 to 2019. In 2014 Ala'alatoa was appointed as a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to education. In 2020 she was promoted to an Officer of the Order, again for services to education.
Early life and education
Ala'alatoa was born and raised in Auckland, growing up in Ōtara and Māngere. She is of Samoan New Zealand heritage, with a Pākehā mother and a Samoan father.
Career
Ala'alatoa is the principal of Sylvia Park School in Auckland. In 2015 she was appointed as the inaugural chair of the Education Council of Aotearoa New Zealand, a position she held until 2019. She had previously worked as a primary school teacher, as a lecturer and senior lecturer at the Auckland College of Education, and as an improvement co-ordinator at the Ministry of Education. As chair of the Education Council she spoke out against the use of the decile system for school resourcing, which she described as a "blunt instrument".
Ala'alatoa is chair of the correspondence school Te Aho o te Kura Pounamu and a board member of Ako Mātātupu Teach First NZ. She is active in the Pacific Principals Association and the Auckland Primary Principals Association.
Honours and awards
In the 2014 Queen's Birthday Honours, Ala'alatoa was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to education. In the 2020 Queen's Birthday Honours she was promoted to an Officer of the Order, again for services to education. She was shortlisted for the Kiwibank New Zealander of the Year Award.
| 1.953125
| 0
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78746584
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvio%20Giuseppe%20Mercati
|
Silvio Giuseppe Mercati
|
Silvio Giuseppe Mercati (born Giuseppe Mercati; 16 September 1877 – 16 October 1963) was an Italian Byzantinist, recognized as the first Italian classical scholar who specialized in Byzantine studies and the first Professor of Byzantine studies in the Italian university system.
Biography
Mercati was born in Reggio Emilia (precisely in the village of Villa Gaida) from a middle-class family. He had two older brothers, Giovanni and Angelo, who both became ecclesiastics, the former working as 'Dottore' of the Ambrosian Library and later as prefect of the Vatican Library, whereas the latter became archivist of the Vatican Secret Archive.
Mercati initially enrolled in the Accademia Scientifico-Letteraria of Milan (precursor of the University of Milan) in 1896, but soon had to move to Naples for health reasons (1897–1898), studying at the local university. After a year-break, in 1899–1900 he studied at the University of Rome and, from 1900–1901 to 1904–1905, at the University of Bologna, where he graduated defending a thesis on the Greek versions of the writings of Ephrem the Syrian (tutored by Vittorio Puntoni). From 1905 to 1907 he taught in high schools; in that year he won a scholarship and spent three years in Germany, where he specialized in Byzantine philology with Wilhelm Meyer (Göttingen) and Karl Krumbacher (Munich).
| 2.109375
| 0
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78746665
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20P%C3%A9rez%20de%20Guzm%C3%A1n
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Manuel Pérez de Guzmán
|
In the general guide of "Huelva and its Province" of 1917, Pérez de Guzmán is listed as a propietario (landowner) residing in Santa Fé (Huelva). His name is mentioned several times throughout the guide, being listed as the owner of the La Luz Flour Factory at Molino de la Vega, as one of three administrators at the Bank of Spain, as a deputy for Ayamonte, as a member of the "Board of Works and Technical Management of the [Huelva] Port", as the vice-president of Recreativo, and as a member of the "Shipwrecked Rescue Society".
Sporting activity
As a sports lover, Pérez de Guzmán transmitted that passion to all of his sons, most of whom spent their youth in the sporting environment; for instance, all of his six sons played football at their hometown club, Recreativo de Huelva between 1903 and 1920. When Pérez de Guzmán became the vice president of Recreativo de Huelva in 1906, he had four of his sons playing for the club. A few months later, Huelva won the Copa Muñoz against a team made up of English sailors, so he took a picture with his six sons, including the 6-year-old Pedro, all wearing the club's colours.
Three of the Pérez de Guzmán brothers (Francisco, Luis, and José), who were studying for their university degrees in Madrid at the time, also played on loan in the ranks of the Madrid teams between 1909 and 1913, first for Madrid FC and later for Sociedad Gimnástica, and Luis even started for the latter in the 1912 Copa del Rey final, which ended in a 2–0 loss to FC Barcelona. His youngest son, Pedro, also played for Madrid in 1919, earning the nickname Guzmán el Bueno.
Sometimes, Pérez de Guzmán is wrongly listed as the club's president from 1907 to 1918, but the only Pérez de Guzmán who presided RC Huelva was his eldest son Manuel, from 1935 to 1939, thus becoming only the second former Huelva player to become the club's president.
| 1.976563
| 0
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78746666
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20P%C3%A9rez%20de%20Guzm%C3%A1n%20%28footballer%29
|
Manuel Pérez de Guzmán (footballer)
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Manuel Pérez de Guzmán Urzaiz (9 August 1888 – 22 January 1957) was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder for Recreativo de Huelva between 1905 and 1907, and again between 1910 and 1914.
He later served as the president of Recreativo de Huelva from 1935 to 1939, thus becoming only the second former Huelva player to become the club's president.
Early and personal life
Manuel Pérez de Guzmán was born in the Extremaduran municipality of Jerez de los Caballeros on 9 August 1888, as the first son of Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, a landowner, and Maria Teresa de Urzáiz, a native of Moguer.
On 16 July 1913, Pérez de Guzmán married in the Church of San Miguel in Jerez de la Frontera, to María Dolores Moreno de Arteaga, and the couple had eleven children, Gregorio (1914–1978), Manuel (1915–1994), Francisco (1916–1995), Antonio, Cecilia (1919–1995), María Teresa, María Dolores (1922–1976), Luis Alfonso, Julia (1924–1974), José, María Concepción.
Sporting career
Like all his brothers, Pérez de Guzmán spent his youth in the sporting environment, instilled by his father, a sports lover; for instance, all of the six Pérez de Guzmán brothers played football at their hometown club, Recreativo de Huelva between 1903 and 1920. As the eldest, he was the first Pérez de Guzmán to play in the club's first team, doing so in 1903, aged 15. Together with William Waterson, Antonio Tellechea, Ángel Padilla, and Tomás Estrada, he was a member of the Huelva squad that participated in the 1906 Copa del Rey, which was contested by only three teams, the other two being Athletic Bilbao and Madrid FC (currently known as Real Madrid), with the latter winning it.
| 1.921875
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78746703
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%20Montgomery%20Stokes
|
Rachel Montgomery Stokes
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Rachel Montgomery Stokes (1776–1862) was an American heiress and landowner who, as the wife of Montford Stokes, served as First Lady of North Carolina from 1830 to 1832. She inherited Morne Rouge Plantation from her father.
Biography
Stokes was the daughter of Hugh Montgomery of Salisbury, North Carolina, a wealthy colonial merchant landowner from England who bought his land in Western North Carolina from Moravian settlers. She grew up at Morne Rouge, her father's 10,000-acre plantation north of Wilkesboro. Upon her father's death, the plantation was divided in half between Stokes and her sister, Rachel.
She married Montfort Stokes, becoming his second wife, in 1796. They had five sons and five daughters. The family lived at Morne Rouge. Stokes also owned a home, called The Bend, along the Yadkin River and a 500-acre stock farm in Ashe County.
From 1830 to 1832, her husband served as the governor of North Carolina and she served as the state's first lady. Her husband was later elected to the United States Senate.
She died in November 1862 and was buried in the family cemetery at Morne Rouge. Following her death, her estate was auctioned off, including farmland, livestock, furniture, and slaves.
| 1.953125
| 0
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78746862
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sui-Turkic%20war
|
Sui-Turkic war
|
The war between the Sui Dynasty and the Turks was a war in which the Sui Dynasty defended against the attacks of the Turks, who had split into Two khagnates, and fought back.
The war lasted for 21 years, from the invasion of the Turks in 581 to the surrender of the Eastern Turks in 602. After the war, the situation became even more tense. Due to internal instability, the Eastern and Western Khans abandoned the Sui Dynasty in 607 and 611 respectively. As the Sui Dynasty gained a great advantage in this war, it was able to launch the war to destroy the Chen Dynasty and unify China.
The Sui Dynasty sent troops to defend the border and took the initiative to counterattack, and finally adopted Changsun Sheng's policy of "making friends with distant countries and attacking nearby countries, separating the strong and uniting the weak" to divide and alienate the various Turkic tribes. The Turks fought without strategic policies such as plundering materials and waging wars, and the Khans could'nt unite closely and finally collapsed. The victory of the Sui Dynasty in the war against the Turks was conducive to protecting the economy and culture of the Central Plains.
| 2.84375
| 0
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78747158
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20frigate%20Berenguela
|
Spanish frigate Berenguela
|
Berenguela (English: Berengaria) was a screw frigate of the Spanish Navy commissioned in 1857. She took part in the mulitnational intervention in Mexico in 1861–1862, several actions during the Chincha Islands War of 1865–1866, and the Spanish-Moro conflict in the early 1870s and was the first Spanish Navy ship to transit the Suez Canal. She was disarmed in 1875 and decommissioned in 1877.
Berenguela was named for Berengaria of Castile (1179 or 1180–1246), who was Queen consort of León from 1197 to 1204 and Queen of Castile from June to August 1217.
Construction and commissioning
Berenguela′s construction was authorized along with that of the screw frigates and by a royal order of either 8 or 9 October 1853 (sources disagree). She was laid down at the in Ferrol, Spain, on either 16 October 1854 or 4 April 1855 (sources disagree) as a wooden-hulled screw frigate with mixed sail and steam propulsion. She was launched on 24 February 1857, and after fitting out she was commissioned in September 1857. Her total construction cost was 3,082,909 pesetas.
Service history
Early service
After commissioning, Berenguela was assigned to service in the Caribbean, based at Havana in the Captaincy General of Cuba. In mid-November 1860, she arrived at New York City, anchoring in New York Harbor off the The Battery in Manhattan. After the United States Navy screw frigate was floated out of drydock at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York, Berenguela entered the drydock for an overhaul of her machinery. On the evening of 6 December 1860 two "medium-sized" shells lying on deck were ignited by sparks from a cigar and exploded. Two sailors jumped or were blown overboard and landed in the drydock, suffering fatal injuries, and the explosion also injured four others. A fire started, which the navy yard′s firefighters quickly extinguished. Fortunately for Berenguela and her crew, two shells lying near the explosion and fire did not explode.
| 2.296875
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78747158
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20frigate%20Berenguela
|
Spanish frigate Berenguela
|
On the morning of 2 May 1866 the Spanish ships entered Callao Bay, beginning the Battle of Callao, the largest battle of the Chincha Islands War. Vencedora and the auxiliary ships stood off near San Lorenzo Island while the other six Spanish ships attacked Callao, with Numancia, Almansa, and Resolución assigned to bombard the northern part of the harbor while Reina Blanca, Berenguela, and Villa de Madrid shelled the southern part. Numancia fired the first shot at 11:55, and soon all the Spanish ships were exchanging fire with the Peruvian fortifications. Berenguela suffered heavy damage: A Blakely shell penetrated her side, passed through her battery, and exited below the waterline on her opposite side, killing 13 men and opening a hole in her hull, and another shell seriously damaged her deck and started a fire in her coal bunker near her gunpowder store. She developed a list to port and pulled out of the firing line to withdraw to San Lorenzo Island. Running low on ammunition, the Spanish squadron ceased fire entirely at 16:40 as dusk fell and fog began to form in the harbor; by then all but three guns of the harbor defenses had been silenced.
Méndez Núñez's squadron spent the next several days at San Lorenzo Island, making repairs and tending to casualties. Berenuela′s crew dismantled a house on the island to use its wood to make repairs to the ship. On the night of 5 May 1866, a Peruvian steamboat armed with a torpedo attacked Berenguela, but the attack failed when Berenuela opened fire and captured the steamboat.
| 2.609375
| 0
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78747365
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis%20P%C3%A9rez%20de%20Guzm%C3%A1n
|
Luis Pérez de Guzmán
|
Luis Pérez de Guzmán Urzaiz (1893 – 24 March 1942) was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward for Recreativo de Huelva and Madrid FC in the early 20th century. He was also president of the provincial council of Huelva.
Early and personal life
Luis Pérez de Guzmán was born in the Andalusiann municipality of Lucena del Puerto in 1893, as the fourth son of Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, a landowner, and Maria Teresa de Urzáiz, a native of Moguer.
In 1922, Pérez de Guzmán married Carmen de Torres Ternero in Marchena, and the couple had seven children, Carmen (1924–1981), María Teresa, Luis, María Dolores, Juan (1932–1989), José (1933–1985), and Juana.
Playing career
Recreativo de Huelva
Like all his brothers, Pérez de Guzmán spent his youth in the sporting environment, instilled by his father, a sports lover; for instance, all of the six Pérez de Guzmán brothers played football at their hometown club, Recreativo de Huelva between 1903 and 1920. When his father became the vice president of Recreativo de Huelva in 1906, he had four of his sons playing for the club, including Luis.
| 2
| 0
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78747573
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20City%20Museum
|
Weimar City Museum
|
The Weimar City Museum () is a museum in Weimar, Germany. It is the oldest museum of Thuringia and is located at Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 5.
History
The museum originated in 19th-century private collections such as those of Bruno Schwabe. It was formally founded on 24 June 1889 as the Naturwissenschaftliches Museum (Natural Science Museum) under the management of the Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft (Natural Science Society). It was located in four rooms of the school behind the Stadtkirche (now the Volkshochschule). By 1892 it had run out of space and moved into the Poseck’sche Haus, now the Museum for the Prehistory and Early History of Thuringia, also set up by the society. When it was taken over by the city council in 1903 it became the first city museum in Thuringia. It was closed from 2000 to 2005. It also runs the German Bee Museum and since 2006 the Kunsthalle "Harry Graf Kessler" at Goetheplatz 9b. It also co-runs the Fotoarchiv Weimar with the city archives.
Building
The building in which it is housed was built in two phases in 1780-1782 and 1799-1803 as a neoclassical residential and commercial building. It was named the Bertuchhaus after Friedrich Justin Bertuch (1747–1822), for whom it was built. In the first two-year phase built a home and commercial premises for Bertruch, now the north wing. In the second phase the Weimar architect Johann Christian Heinrich Schlüter designed and built the middle range.
In a letter to his friend Christian Gottfried Körner, Friedrich Schiller called the building the most beautiful one in the whole of Weimar, as well as giving a detailled description of it, the garden behind it and its usage.
The building formerly housed the Landes-Industrie-Comptoir or Geographische Institut (Geographical Institute), before housing the museum from 1955 onwards. Behind it were workshops forming a four-sided courtyard, used by figures such as Christiane Vulpius and demolished to built the Weimarhalle in 1928.
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78747661
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimalt%20Codex
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Grimalt Codex
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Qires I–II contain liturgies for Lauds and Litany; prayers of acclamation for the health and salvation of Louis, Queen Emma, their children and the army; sermons by Augustine of Hippo; a summary set of annals covering the years 815–867; and blessings for the ordeal of fire and boiling water.
Quire III includes a hodgepodge of information, including a poem on days of the week; obituaries and annalistic notices scattered throughout; two medical recipes for curing fever; a horologium; the Greek alphabet; two sets of Egyptian days; the Frankish names of the months; the names of the winds; a poem on Queen Hildegard; the treatise De sex cogitationibus; the Exultet liturgy; and chapter 19 from Bede's De temporum ratione. Among the annals in this section are notice of a lunar eclipse and notices of Louis the German's victories in the battle of the Ries and battle of Fontenoy.
Quire G is a grammatical and literary handbook, possibly the last part of the codex to come together on the personal initiative of Grimald. It contains poems on the transiencey of life, including an epigram of Ausonius and his De rosis nascentibus. It also contains a copy of the ancient Notitia Galliarum.
The Grimalt Codex contains the oldest surviving copy of the 'official' or 'A' recension of the Vita Karoli Magni, a biography of Charlemagne.
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78747768
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Swanstrom
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Arthur Swanstrom
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With composer Carey Morgan and songwriter Charles McCarron, Swanstrom co-wrote the hit song "Blues (My Naughty Sweetie Gives to Me)", a work which was first recorded in 1919 by Irving Kaufman but didn't become a hit until 1920 when Ted Lewis's later recording popularized the work. More than 50 years later the song was interpolated into the 1975 Broadway musical Doctor Jazz. Jimmie Noone's recording of the song was used on the soundtrack to Woody Allen's 2013 film Blue Jasmine, and a new recording by Cherise Adams-Burnett was used in the 2022 film Downton Abbey: A New Era.
Swanstrom contributed the song "Alibi Blues" (both music and lyrics) to the 1920 Broadway musical Silks and Satins. He collaborated with Carey Morgan again on the song "The Argentines, The Portuguese, and the Greeks" which was first recorded by Nora Bayes in 1920. This song was not only a hit for Bayes, but also for Eddie Cantor who also recorded the work in 1920. In 1940 Variety stated that this song contained the best lyrics of Swanstrom's career.
Morgan and Swanstrom also collaborated on another successful 1920 song, "Broadway Blues", which had two hit recordings in 1920, one by Nora Bayes and the other by the duo of Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake. Elsie Janis used the song "The Bonus Blues" by Swanstrom and Morgan in the 1922 Broadway musical Elsie and Her Gang. With Morgan he also created the musical Maiden Voyage. Paul Gerard Smith wrote the book to this musical with Morgan composing the music, and Swanstrom writing the lyrics. It premiered in 1926 but never made it to Broadway.
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78748226
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Their%20Highest%20Potential%3A%20An%20African%20American%20School%20Community%20in%20the%20Segregated%20South
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Their Highest Potential: An African American School Community in the Segregated South
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Background
Walker has researched segregated black schooling for over two decades. She reflected on the atmosphere that surrounded segregated schools, the interconnected professional partnerships that account for the uniformity seen among these schools, and the underlying systems of advocacy that sought equality and justice for the students within them.
Reception
Clarence L. Mohr of The American Journal of Education said, "Whatever her intention, Walker has written a book that is likely to be welcomed by black and other minority educators and elected officials who favor the creation of racially monolithic learning environments." Michael Fultz, writing for History of Education Quarterly wrote, "Walker has crafted an interesting argument: namely, that 'to remember segregated schools largely by recalling only their poor resources presents a historically inaccurate picture.'" Eric R. Jackson of Educational Studies said that despite the book's strengths, it has multiple weaknesses such as the "lack of definitions for many qualitive terms" and "the lack of quantitative evidence used to assess the accomplishments and achievements of the students that attended the school".
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78748507
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous%20members%20of%20the%20Andrew%20Jackson%20household
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Indigenous members of the Andrew Jackson household
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Jackson's motives in adopting Theodore, Charley, and Lyncoya were likely complex. He repeatedly described Muscogee people as savage and barbaric "wretches" but simultaneously Jackson was socially and politically required to take a paternalistic tone when dealing with non-whites: "Jackson's claims to Indian territories and enslaved people of African descent revolved around the assumption that anyone who was not white and male needed the paternal oversight of Southern white men such as himself." During the years 1815 to 1821, Jackson served as an Indian agent for the Five Civilized Tribes and in his speeches to those communities leaned heavily on Great White Father metaphors that infantilized the Indigenous, arguing that subordination of the helpless Indian child to the authoritarian white father was essential to the survival of the American national family. Around the time Charley was being transported to the Hermitage, Jackson made a speech at the Horseshoe Bend battlefield expressing his feelings about the fate of the Muscogee, stating, "The fiends of the Tallapoosa will no longer murder our Women and Children, or disturb the quiet of our borders...They have disappeared from the face of the Earth...How lamentable it is that the path to peace should lead through blood, and over the carcasses of the slain!! But it is in the dispensation of that providence, which inflicts partial evil to produce general good." Biographer Robert V. Remini summarized the conclusions of a book called Fathers and Children: Andrew Jackson and the Subjugation of the American Indian as "[Michael Paul Rogin] finds Jackson's relations with the Indians to involve deep psychological problems," but "while I feel there are many excellent insights into Jackson's character in this book, I do not accept its fundamental analysis of Jackson's motivation."
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78748607
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecile%20O%27Regan
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Cecile O'Regan
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Cecile O'Regan ( Gauthier; March 15, 1891 – February 8, 1979) was a Canadian politician. She served as an alderman on Ottawa City Council from 1960 to 1962 and from 1963 to 1966. She was the second woman to sit as an alderman on council. Known for her colourfulness, she was active in Liberal Party circles, including a stint as president of the National Federation of Liberal Women. She was also known for her volunteer work, especially with St. Vincent Hospital.
Early life
O'Regan was born in Montreal, in 1891, the daughter of Cordélia Désy and Pierre Gauthier. She moved to Ottawa at the age of 12. She was educated at the Notre Dame Convents in both cities.
O'Regan had many volunteer positions during her life. Within the Liberal Party, she was secretary and executive of the Eastern Ontario Liberal Association, Vice President of the Ontario Liberal Association, vice president, at large, of the Ontario Women's Liberal Association, president of the Ontario Liberal Women's Association, president and founder of the Lady Laurier Club of East Ottawa.
Outside of politics, she was the president of the Sacred Heart branch of the Federation of French-Canadian Women, president of St. Vincent de Paul's Ladies Auxiliary, and president of Jeanne d'Arc Institute.
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78748952
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlington%20Branch
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Burlington Branch
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The Pennsylvania Railroad selected the Burlington Branch for an early experiment in railway electrification. It constructed a power plant in Mount Holly and electrified the branch with 500 V direct current, using overhead wires. Three converted combine cars provided local service between Mount Holly and East Burlington, on the east side of Assiscunk Creek. Steam locomotives continued to handle through service over the branch. Electrified service began on July 22, 1895. The electrified service was a technical success, but did not dramatically improve the financial performance of the branch line. The power plant was destroyed in a fire on October 29, 1901, and the Pennsylvania Railroad decided to abandon the electrification.
The Camden and Burlington County Railroad was consolidated with the Mount Holly, Lumberton and Medford Railroad and Vincentown Branch of the Burlington County Railroad in 1915 to form the Camden and Burlington County Railway, still leased by the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Pennsylvania Railroad abandoned the branch on October 6, 1925.
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78749146
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josie%20Trinidad
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Josie Trinidad
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Career
In 2004, Trinidad was hired by Walt Disney Animation Studios as a story apprentice. She was enrolled in a six-month training program where she was given storyboard tests that story artist mentors assigned. There, she was the only person of Asian descent in the apprentice program. After six months had passed, she stated, "They decided where you were going to go, if they were going to keep you or not. And they decided to put me on a film." Her first film project was the 2009 film The Princess and the Frog. During production, Trinidad remembered: "I was the only female story artist with the 12 men in that room." However, her experience with the film's directors Ron Clements and John Musker was pleasant, stating: "They threw me in the deep end ... They were really great." She next worked on Tangled (2010) and Wreck-It Ralph (2012).
In Zootopia, Trinidad was appointed as the film's co-head of the story. In that position, she held pitch meetings with a team of 12 to 15 story artists, and hosted a smaller group during editorial meetings. After reading an early draft of the script, Trinidad connected the main character Judy Hopps, finding a kinship with the character's urban relocation when she was a college student. For visual research, the filmmakers sent Trinidad to the Philippines to gather inspiration for the film. There, she visited the De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde and the animation studio Toon City in Manila. By this point, Trinidad had stated the story team had become more racially diverse, with nearly half of the team being female. Zootopia was awarded the 2017 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.
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78749171
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Mills%20%28author%29
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Samantha Mills (author)
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Samantha Mills is an American author and archivist. She received numerous awards for her short story "Rabbit Test," praise for her debut novel, and her other short stories have been longlisted for several science fiction and fantasy awards.
Early life and education
Mills grew up in Southern California. According to Mills, she wrote her first short story, “What Hapend March Ninth!!” at seven years old after her sister threw a rock at her during a water fight. She continued reading and writing throughout her childhood.
Mills earned a B.A. in Pre- and Early Modern Literature from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and a Master's in Information and Library Science from San Jose State University. She works part-time as an archivist specializing in managing primary documents for local Southern California institutions.
Career
Short stories
In 2018, Mills published her first science fiction short story: "The Gestational Cycle of Flies in a Cupboard" in Lamplight Magazine. She has since published science fiction and fantasy short stories in various magazines and podcasts. By 2020, she had one work longlisted for the BSFA Best Shorter Fiction Award, and had two stories placed on Locus's Recommended Reading list.
"Rabbit Test" was published online in 2022 via Uncanny Magazine, Issue #49. It tells the story of Grace, and later her daughter Olivia, living in a near-future society where women's rights are limited and pregnancies are heavily monitored, with abortions made illegal. Reviewer Lis Carey described the story as powerful but dark, providing readers with a useful history of pregnancy tests and abortion. Reviewer Niall Harrison described it as an "incandescent" response to Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, the recent U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade.
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78749407
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1875%E2%80%931876%20Australia%20scarlet%20fever%20epidemic
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1875–1876 Australia scarlet fever epidemic
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In Victoria
By October 1875, the outbreak had spread to Carlton, Collingwood, Brunswick, Emerald Hill (South Melbourne), Fitzroy, Hotham (North Melbourne), and Melbourne proper. On 9 October 1875, the Victorian Central Board issued statistics on the people who died from scarlet fever between 1 September and 6 October 1875 and were buried in the Melbourne Cemetery. The statistics counted a total of 60 people dead, with the highest amount originating from Collingwood, Carlton and Fitzroy. Among the dead, half were between the ages of 1 to 9 years old. Despite increased precautions, the epidemic continued to spread across the Melbourne area, infecting Prahran, Richmond, Sandhurst, Sandridge (Port Melbourne) by the beginning of November. By the same month, the epidemic had also spread outside the Melbourne area to Ballarat. There were fears in Launceston, Tasmania, that with the start of summer many Victorians may be tempted to flee to Tasmania, risking bringing the disease to the colony, which the The Tasmanian wrote "would have every chance to flourish vigorously" on account of poor sanitation in Tasmania. In Geelong, any steamboats coming from Melbourne were thoroughly searched for signs of scarlet fever before being allowed to land.
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78749453
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium%20nobilissimum
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Lilium nobilissimum
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Lilium nobilissimum is a species of plant in the lily family Liliaceae. Endemic to the island of Kuchinoshima of Japan's Kagoshima Prefecture, it grows on the cliffs of the southwestern portion of the island. In floral breeding circles, the plant was used for the production of upright oriental lillies. Lilium nobilissimum was first described as a form of Lilium japonicum by Tomitaro Makino in 1902, it was elevated to full species status in 1914.
Known to the Japanese under the name tamoto-yuri, the name denotes the sleeves which were used to hold the lily as they were being harvested from their cliffside habitat. The lilies served as a historical tribute for the Satsuma Domain, which presented the emperor with 12 stalks of the plant yearly. On September 7, 1953, it was designated a prefectural designated natural monument by the government of Kagoshima Prefecture.
Description
Lilium nobilissimum is a bulbous geophyte, a perennial plant that is propagated from an underground storage organ. The bulb of the plant is ovoid or globose, with white or yellowish-white scales. The bulb has a diameter of , with overall dimensions of .
The leaves are entire with the leaf margins smooth, and scattered. They are broad-lanceolate, shortly petiolate, oblong, or oval in shape. The leaves are around in length, or with overall dimensions of . There are five to seven veins on the leaves, with the colouration being green on the adaxial, or upper side, and paler green on the abaxial, lower, side. The stem is , purplish or light green in colour. Bulbils, smaller plants that grow from the parent plant's stem, grow out of the leaf axils. The plant grows up to a height of .
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78750034
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2020%20S3%20%28Erasmus%29
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C/2020 S3 (Erasmus)
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Comet Erasmus, formally designated as C/2020 S3, is a non-periodic comet that became barely visible to the naked eye during the later months of 2020. Its maximum brightness peaked as a 3rd-magnitude object in the night sky, however its proximity to the Sun made it a difficult object to view from the ground.
Discovery and observations
The comet was discovered as an 18.5-magnitude object from four 30-second exposure images taken on 17 September 2020 from the ATLAS–MLO observatory in Mauna Loa, Hawaii. It was initially flagged as a potential near-Earth asteroid until Dr. Nicolas Erasmus analyzed the images and noticed a faint coma around it shortly before announcing the discovery.
It was visible in predawn skies as it made its closest approach to Earth at a distance of on 19 November 2020. Around this time, the comet was located within the constellation Hydra. The comet's linear polarization was measured between 13 and 23 November 2020, where astronomers have noted a similar performance as those seen from C/1989 X1 (Austin) and C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake), with models suggesting a decrease in the abundance of Mg–rich silicate particles in the inner coma by 1/3, revealing a change in the emanations of dust particles from the comet's nucleus.
It was predicted to reach a maximum brightness of magnitude 3.0–4.0 during its perihelion on 12 December 2020 at a distance of from the Sun. However, the comet's position throughout December was too close to the Sun for ground observations, making it impossible to view at its brightest except from SOHO and STEREO-A.
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78750806
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence%20nationale%20des%20techniques%20d%27enqu%C3%AAtes%20num%C3%A9riques%20judiciaires
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Agence nationale des techniques d'enquêtes numériques judiciaires
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Mandatory use of ANTENJ's tools since 2016
Since the law of June 3, 2016, the Code of Criminal Procedure has required criminal investigation departments to use PNIJ (unless technically impossible). The French Supreme Court (Cour de cassation) rules that recourse to private operators is now impossible, unless ANTENJ is unable to provide the requested service.
Rehabilitation of PNIJ and development of ANTENJ's role
In 2020, the French Court of Auditors rehabilitated the PNIJ, stating that the Platform had now "fulfilled the main objectives set for it"; it presented the project as "a successful example of how to turn around a project in a crisis situation"; it emphasized the Agency's role in overcoming the crisis, and estimated that ANTENJ made it possible to "halve the cost of an interception" and save the public purse almost 30 million euros a year. In the press, investigators and judges highlight the progress made since the creation of ANTENJ. A senatorial report notes "the smooth operation of the tool, which is now praised by all departments".
In 2022, over 46,000 judicial interceptions and 2.9 million electronic requisitions were requested via the PNIJ. It will become fully operational in 2024. Its final cost is estimated at 385 million euros. In 2024, it will provide services to almost 70,000 magistrates and investigators. Almost all Gendarmerie Nationale investigators use the system.
Agency developments
Big Data processing modules will be under development in 2023.
In November 2024, the French Minister of Justice Didier Migaud, as part of his plan to combat organized crime, recommended strengthening the ANTENJ's geolocation, interception and sonorisation capabilities.
In November 2024, a report on organized crime by former national anti-terrorist prosecutor stated that ANTENJ was to be transformed into a true "cyber command" of the Ministry of Justice.
How it works
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78751328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yashikiyama%20Kofun
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Yashikiyama Kofun
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is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Shinjō neighborhood of the city of Katsuragi, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1972 .
Overview
The Yashikiyama Kofun is located in the southwest of the Nara Basin, on the eastern foot of Mount Katsuragi. The tumulus is a north-northwest-facing , which is shaped like a keyhole, having one square end and one circular end, when viewed from above, with a total length of about 140 meters, making it the largest in Katsuragi City. The posterior circular portion has a diameter of 77-78 meters and height of 15 meters. The anterior rectangular portion has a width of 90 meters. It is unclear whether or not there was an enclosing moat. The tumulus has suffered from various alterations over its history. In the Muromachi period, the Fuse clan built a fortified residence on the mound, and this was expanded in the Edo period by the Kuwayama clan, daimyō of Yamato Shinjō Domain, hence the name of "Yashikiyama". In modern times, a water tank was installed on the tumulus.
Cylindrical and figurative haniwa (house-shaped, lid-shaped, shield-shaped, etc.) have been found on the outside of the tumulus. The burial facility is a vertical-entry stone burial chamber, which contained a stone coffin. The details are unclear because it was destroyed in pre-modern times, but the stone materials from the stone chamber and parts of the sarcophagus were found scattered in various places; however, the sarcophagus is made of Tatsuyama stone from the Kakogawa River basin in Hyogo Prefecture. Excavated grave goods include small glass beads, iron spears, knives, iron nails, and rivets. The construction date of the tumulus is estimated to be around the middle of the 5th century, during the middle of the Kofun period.
Currently, the site has been developed and is open to the public as Yashikiyama Park. It is about a 20-minute walk from Kintetsu Shinjō Station on the Kintetsu Railway Gose Line.
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78751332
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ForgetMeNot%20%28Xabi%29
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ForgetMeNot (Xabi)
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ForgetMeNot (Xabi) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in X-Men: Legacy #300 (March 2014), and was created by Mike Carey, Simon Spurrier and Christos Gage.
Publication history
In March 2014, ForgetMeNot debuted in X-Men: Legacy #300 as the member of X-Men. He was created by writers Mike Carey, Simon Spurrier and Christos Gage. Spurrier also used the character during X-Force (vol. 4) and Legion of X.
Biography
ForgetMeNot has had been member of X-Men before the events of X-Men: Legacy but due to his powers, he went unnoticed by his teammates. Professor X had placed a psychic reminder for ForgetMeNot's existence once an hour. ForgetMeNot was severely depressed by the death of Professor X in Avengers vs. X-Men, as he had lost his connection with others. He sought Mimic and Omega to remove his powers but their influences instead convinced him to retain his powers.
ForgetMeNot also joined X-Force briefly. During Krakoan Age, he relocated to Krakoa and became partner of Juggernaut during their stint in Nightcrawler's Legionaries. Forge had developed devices that would enable X-Men and his teammates to remember ForgetMeNot. When Nimrod took control over Krakoa by using Warlock, Legionaries had no choice but to kill Warlock. Legionares failed to do it because of Nimrod's defenses. Due to nature of his powers, ForgetMeNot got close enough to land killing blow. The resulting explosion led to his and Warlock's death.
Power and abilities
ForgetMeNot has mutant power of getting forgotten by individuals (except to those who have psychic reminder or devices created by Forge). When ForgetMeNot isn't within the view of an individual, his existence and any memories of him completely disappear from their mind. His power also interfere with individuals' aim and telemetry of mechanical devices.
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78751624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequences%20and%20legacy%20of%20the%20Soviet-Afghan%20War
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Consequences and legacy of the Soviet-Afghan War
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Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in 1989 proposed a peace plan in cooperation with the leader of Afghanistan, Mohammad Najibullah, for the joint cutoff of Soviet and American aid to the government and guerrillas respectively, to result in a ceasefire and peace negotiations. Najibullah sought American cooperation in achieving a political solution. However the newly elected administration of George H. W. Bush rejected the plan, expecting to win the war through battle. Almost immediately after the Soviet withdrawal, the Mujahideen attacked the eastern city of Jalalabad in a plan instigated by Hamid Gul of Pakistan's Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI). Both the Americans and Pakistanis expected Jalalabad to rapidly fall to the guerrillas and lead to a final victorious attack in Kabul. The Afghan Army proved their capability without Soviet troops as they managed to restrain the Mujahideen attack, resulting in a major defeat for the Mujahideen.
The victory at Jalalabad gave Najibullah's government confidence that it could achieve a political solution, specifically one involving former communists and moderates from the opposition. Along with the Afghan and Soviet governments, China also publicly said that it supported the creation of a "broad-based" government, and Iran also supporting a negotiated peaceful solution – both China and Iran being guerrilla-backing countries. But the United States and Pakistan remained committed to a military solution. In addition, the Afghan government could claim that Jalalabad's bombardment, in which thousands of civilians lost their lives and much of the city damaged, was masterminded by the United States and Pakistan, using American weaponry.
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78751624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequences%20and%20legacy%20of%20the%20Soviet-Afghan%20War
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Consequences and legacy of the Soviet-Afghan War
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The man instrumental not only in generating international support but also in inspiring these volunteers to travel to Afghanistan for the jihad was a Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood cleric, Abdullah Azzam. Touring the Muslim world and the United States, he inspired young Muslims with stories of miraculous deeds, such as Mujahideen who defeated vast columns of Soviet troops virtually single-handedly, angels riding into battle on horseback, and falling bombs intercepted by birds.
When back in the volunteer camps and training centers that he helped set up around Peshawar, Pakistan, Azzam exercised a "strong influence". He preached the importance of jihad: "those who believe that Islam can flourish [and] be victorious without Jihad, fighting, and blood are deluded and have no understanding of the nature of this religion"; of not compromising: "Jihad and the rifle alone: no negotiations, no conferences and no dialogues"; and that Afghanistan was only the beginning: jihad would "remain an individual obligation" for Muslims until all other formerly-Muslim lands—"Palestine, Bukhara, Lebanon, Chad, Eritrea, Somalia, the Philippines, Burma, South Yemen, Tashkent, Andalusia"—were reconquered.
The volunteers also influenced each other. Many "unexpected" religious-political ideas resulted from the "cross-pollination" during the "great gathering" of Islamists from dozens of countries in the camps and training centers. One in particular was a "variant of Islamist ideology based on armed struggle and extreme religious vigour", known as Salafi jihadism.
When the Soviet Union fell shortly after their withdrawal from Afghanistan, the volunteers were "exultant", believing that—in the words of Osama bin Laden—the credit for "the dissolution of the Soviet Union ... goes to God and the mujahideen in Afghanistan ... the US had no mentionable role," (Soviet economic troubles and United States aid to Mujahideen notwithstanding). They eagerly sought to duplicate their jihad in other countries.
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78751735
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20textilis
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Amastra textilis
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Amastra textilis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.
Subspecies
Amastra textilis kaipaupauensis Hyatt & Pilsbry, 1911
Amastra textilis media Hyatt & Pilsbry, 1911
Amastra textilis textilis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Description
The length of the shell can reach 15 mm, its diameter 8.5 mm
Amastra textilis is imperforate or occasionally slightly rimate, solid, oblong-conic, and polished, with weak sculpture consisting of fine, uneven growth wrinkles. The shell's color is a rich chestnut, varying in intensity, with paler or yellow areas typically observed below the suture and around the columella. The spire is purplish-brown. In some specimens, the chestnut hue transitions to yellowish tones or even exhibits olive or greenish tints.
Certain yellow shells display numerous indistinct olive-brown spiral lines, sometimes slightly sunken. Aging shells often feature scattered golden flecks or whitish lines and dots resulting from cuticle disintegration.
The spire is characterized by convex outlines near the base, becoming straight closer to the apex. The shell consists of 5½ to 6½ whorls that are only slightly convex. The second embryonic whorl is finely and closely striate longitudinally, occasionally intersected by smooth spiral bands in some specimens. The body whorl is somewhat convex.
The aperture is small and rather oblique, with a flesh-colored interior. The outer lip is reinforced by a narrow whitish rib within the acute edge. The columellar lamella is prominent, strong, and nearly horizontal. there is a sort of gutter at the junction of the columellar and basal margins. The parietal callus is usually rather thick, but thin at the edge and transparent.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawai, occurring on Oahu.
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78751755
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodies%20of%20water%20in%20Leipzig
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Bodies of water in Leipzig
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Until the middle of the 19th century, the Elster-Pleiße floodplain was regularly inundated by floods. According to a project by the Leipzig hydraulic engineers Kohl and Georgi from the years 1852 to 1854, the flooding of the Elster and the Pleiße was subsequently changed. For the Pleiße, the Pleiße flood channel was created from the Connewitz weir to the Elster in the area of today's Palmengarten weir, into which the Elster flood channel was later integrated at the Leipziger Eck and has been called that from there ever since.
In addition, there were two Pleiße high flood runways in the Leipzig area: the one that still existed north-east of the wildlife park and another from today's Primavesistraße in the neighbourhood of Gohlis to the White Elster south of today's Pohlestraße.
From about 1915, the Pleiße was heavily polluted by the introduction of untreated industrial waste water, so that between 1951 and 1956 the Pleißemühlgraben in the inner city area was arched up to the Goerdelerring and from there to the confluence of the Parthe in the Leipzig Zoo was filled in. Since then, the water from the Pleißemühlgraben has flowed via a short transverse channel at the former location of the Angermühle into the Elstermühlgraben in the neighbourhood of the Waldstraßenviertel, which from there is the former natural stream bed of the Parthe.
After protests by the citizens' movement in 1989 about the pollution of the Pleiße and the economic collapse of many industrial enterprises in the drainage radius of the Pleiße river, the inner-city mill races have been gradually excavated and reopened since 1992.
Step by step, large parts of Leipzig become navigable by light boats.
All of Leipzig's watercourses are (as of 2018) in poor condition according to the European Water Framework Directive.
| 2.328125
| 0
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78752009
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20tristis
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Amastra tristis
|
Amastra tristis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.
Description
The length of the shell can reach 18 mm, its diameter 11 mm
The shell is imperforate or slightly rimate, oblong-conic, and moderately solid. The coloration transitions from blackish-purple on the initial 2–3 whorls to reddish-brown with a pale sutural margin, ultimately fading to light reddish-brown or nearly white on the final whorl. The last 2–3 whorls are coated with a thin, dark brown cuticle, which is often shed in angular fragments or patches and is typically absent near the aperture.
The spire is slightly convexly conic and tapers to an acute apex, comprising 5½–5¾ nearly flat whorls. The first whorl is almost smooth, with the second adorned by regular radial ripples. Subsequent whorls exhibit fine growth striae, while the last two whorls display coarse growth wrinkles and fine spiral striae. The body whorl often features several irregularly spaced spiral grooves.
The aperture is ovate and slightly oblique, lined with a distinct internal rib within the peristome. The columella is short and moderately expanded, bearing a pronounced, spiral lamella. A thin, transparent parietal callus subtly overlays the inner surface. The shell's axis is slender and sinuous, widening slightly with each whorl, and the lamella penetrates nearly a full whorl into the structure.
The shape of the embryonic whorls and the maculation of the neanic whorls in many individuals resemble those of Amastra badia. The incised spiral striae are also characteristic of Amastra undata, Amastra transversalis, and others in the group to which A. badia belongs. This suggests that A. tristis represents a somewhat generalized or synthetic species within this assemblage.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawai, occurring on Oahu.
| 2.1875
| 0
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78752147
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Scarecrow%20%28children%27s%20book%29
|
The Scarecrow (children's book)
|
The Scarecrow () is a 1923 collection of short fairy tales for children written by Ye Shengtao. Written between 1921 and 1922, the stories contained therein reflect the changing treatment of children in China. They vary between idealistic and realistic, with some stories idealizing childhood innocence and others decrying the social ills of the Republic of China. The collection has been considered the first major work of children's literature in modern China.
Summary
The Scarecrow consists of 23 short fairy tales, written between 1921 and 1922. It opens with "Little White Boat", in which two children take a beautiful white boat along a stream. Losing their way in a storm, they encounter an old man who promises to send them home if they can answer three questions: "Why do birds sing?", "Why do flowers have fragrance?", and "Why did the little white boat let you ride in it?" The children answer correctly, and are taken home.
Another story, "The Seed", expands upon the idea of flowers. It opens with a description of a seed, promised to be the most beautiful of all. It is acquired by a king, a rich man, a shopkeeper and a soldier, each of whom discards it soon after. Falling amidst a field of wheat, it is encountered by a peasant, who treats it with care. Soon, the seed blooms, bringing with it a great fragrance that blesses the peasant and his village. A third story, "The Thrush", follows a thrush that lives in a golden cage and sings only for others. Escaping when the cage door is left open, the bird sees the misery of peasants and labourers. Considering the suffering, the thrush learns to songs of sadness for himself. His song is well received by the peasants, who cry "What a lovely song, what a lovely little thrush."
| 2.921875
| 0
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78752468
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wujiaquan
|
Wujiaquan
|
Wujiaquan is a traditional martial art from Hunan, China, and is one of the styles of . It belongs to the Nanquan (martial art) school and is a branch of the Shaolin Temple's martial arts system.
Origin
Wujiaquan was created and passed down by Wu Bida, a native of Fujian during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Wu Bida was originally a disciple of the Southern Shaolin in Fujian. In his youth, he left his hometown and traveled extensively across Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Hubei, and other regions to seek masters and learn martial arts, deeply absorbing the essence of Wudang internal martial arts. Later, he settled in Xiangtan, Hunan, where he made a living by teaching martial arts. Due to his exceptional skills, people began to refer to the martial art by his surname, naming it Wujiaquan, or Southern Shaolin Wujiaquan.
Introduction
The techniques of Wujiaquan include stance work, footwork, leg techniques, hand techniques, and elbow techniques, with a particular emphasis on elbow techniques. The six types of elbow techniques—bumping elbow, resting elbow, flat elbow, and others—are both powerful offensive tools and crucial for defense. The martial art features leg techniques, multiple hand techniques, and elbow techniques, all characterized by a small range of motion, with forceful, direct movements and sharp points of impact. These elements combine to create a distinctive style with aggressive and dynamic forms.
Wujiaquan has been passed down to the present day, with its best development in Hunan and Hubei, and Hunan, in particular, is led by the Chang-Zhu-Tan area. The Tang school in Changsha mainly focuses on practicing the "Tianzi Six Elbows" and "Qilin Six Elbows." The Li school in Zhuzhou is centered around the "Short Stance Grasping and Lifting Six Elbows," while the Feng school in Xiangtan primarily practices the "Triple Fork Six Elbows," "Grasping and Lifting Six Elbows," and "Exploring Strength and Intent Fist."
| 2.640625
| 0
|
78752584
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th%20Destroyer%20Squadron
|
25th Destroyer Squadron
|
The 25th Destroyer Squadron (DESRON-25) is one of the two destroyer squadrons in the Pakistan Navy and is part of the six total squadrons in the fleet. It is the largest squadron in the navy, second only to the 9th Auxiliary Squadron in terms of ship count and the largest squadron by role. It comprises a fleet of various destroyers, including Tariq-class destroyers, Yarmook-class corvettes, Tughri, and Zulfiquar-class frigates. The Squadron previously operated a fleet six Tariq-class destroyers tasked with various roles, including anti-aircraft, anti-submarine, and anti-surface warfare. The squadron is responsible to the Fleet Command, operating under the commander, Pakistan Fleet.
The 25th Destroyer Squadron is one of the primary surface fleets of the Navy, alongside other operational squadrons such as the 9th Auxiliary Squadron – comprising nine ships, the 10th Patron Squadron – which includes missile boats, the 21st Auxiliary Squadron (AUXRON-21); responsible for survey and dredging operations in area of responsibility (AOR) at sea, the Fast Patrol Craft Squadron, and the 18th Destroyer Squadron. They are officially referred to as the surface warriors.
History
The formation date of the 25th Destroyer Squadron is not widely documented. However, the squadron operated a UK-built O-class destroyer HMPS Tughtil in 1950 and a US-built Gearing-class destroyer [[PNS Tughtil (D-167)|PNS Tughtil]] in 1980. The squadron later operated a fleet of Type 21 frigates, which were acquired from the United Kingdom and inducted into the navy between 1993 and 1995. Since their induction, these ships underwent modernization upgrades, incorporating advanced weapons and sensor systems to enhance their capability in modern naval operations.
Active ships
The 25th Destroyer Squadron currently consists of the following ships:
| 2.46875
| 0
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78752592
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakana%20AI
|
Sakana AI
|
Sakana AI is an artificial intelligence company based in Tokyo, Japan.
Overview
Sakana AI's main research fields are evolution and collective intelligence of AI. The company's name is derived from the Japanese word さかな (sakana), which means fish. This represents the idea of a school of fish coming together and forming a coherent entity from simple rules, which is an analogy of collective intelligence.
The company was founded by David Ha, Llion Jones and Ren Ito. Llion Jones co-authored the famous paper "Attention Is All You Need" when he was working for Google in 2017. The company raised $30M in its seed funding round from Lux Capital and Khosla Ventures. The company raised approximately $200M from companies such as Mitsubishi UFJ, SMBC, Mizuho, Itochu, KDDI, Nomura and NVIDIA in its series A funding round in 2024.
In January 2024, Sakana AI developed a method to build new AI models by 'breeding' multiple existing models, which it sees as a means to democratise AI development, as this process does not require large computational resources. Sakana AI is also developing a model called the AI Scientist, which automates the entire process of scientific research. The Nikkei estimated the company's value at 19 billion yen in 2024.
| 2.40625
| 0
|
78752707
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Muhatia%20Makumba
|
Maurice Muhatia Makumba
|
Maurice Muhatia Makumba (born 19 May 1968) is a Kenyan Catholic prelate who serves as Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kisumu. He was appointed Archbishop of Kisumu on 18 February 2022.
Background and education
He was born on 19 May 1968, in Lirhanda Village, Kakamega County, Kenya. He attended elementary school in his home area. He completed his secondary education at St. Charles Lwanga Seminary. He then joined St. Mary's Major Seminary to begin his religious formation education.
He holds a Bachelor's degree awarded by the Pontifical Urban University in Rome. He also graduated with a Master's degree from the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross, also in Rome. He was then awarded a Doctorate degree in Philosophy by the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross.
Priest
He was ordained a priest on 15 October 1994. As priest of the diocese of Kakamega, he served in several roles inside and outside the diocese. He served as a Priest of Kakamega Diocese until 19 December 2009.
As bishop
Father Makumba was appointed Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Nakuru on 19 December 2009 and received episcopal consecration at the showground of the Agricultural Society of Kenya, Nakuru, in the Diocese of Nakuru, on 27 February 2010. The Principal Consecrator was Cardinal John Njue, Archbishop of Nairobi, assisted by Bishop Philip Arnold Subira Anyolo, Bishop of Homa Bay and Bishop Philip Sulumeti, Bishop of Kakamega. Bishop Makumba was appointed Apostolic Administrator of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kisumu on 20 November 2021, while still Bishop of Nakuru. At the time Pope Benedict XVI appointed him bishop, Bishop Makumba, aged 41 years, was the youngest Catholic bishop in Kenya.
| 1.9375
| 0
|
78752965
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Sailele%20Ripley
|
Samuel Sailele Ripley
|
Samuel Sailele Ripley (November 22, 1883 – July 8, 1961) was a leader of the Mau movement in American Sāmoa, which sought resistance to U.S. colonial rule in the early 20th century. For his involvement, he was deported, barred, and exiled from his homeland by the U.S. government. On July 1, 1940, he became the mayor of Richmond, California.
Ripley returned home to Leone in July 1920, at a pivotal moment when tensions surrounding the Mau movement were escalating. By that time, the movement, which had arisen in February 1920 to oppose the U.S. Naval Administration, was gaining momentum, and Ripley aligned himself with its cause. The movement was suppressed by the U.S. government, which led to his exile.
Ripley was the first Samoan to be barred from entering the land of his birth. Both C.S. Hannum and Arthur A. Greene worked with the Ripleys to obtain approval for a land development project in Leone.
Early life
Samuel Ripley, the eldest son of E.V. Ripley of New York and a mother from the Le’oso family of Leone, was born in Leone, American Sāmoa. In 1904, he moved to California and enlisted in the U.S. Army, later serving in Europe during World War I. After his military service, he spent some time working in New York before returning to California, where he married Madge.
Mau movement
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| 0
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