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75702727	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiowo	Radiowo	Radiowo is a neighbourhood, and a City Information System area, in Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Bielany. In the 17th century, within current boundaries of the neighbourhood was founded the settlement of Opaleń, and later, in the 18th century, there was founded the village of Gać, later renamed to Radiowo. Both were incorporated into the city of Warsaw in 1951. Name Radiowo was originally named Gać, with the oldest records of said name being used dating to 1789. In Polish language gać is an archaic term, meaning a material used in isolating house walls. The name of the village was also recorded as Gorczewska Gaca in 1793, and as Gać Górcowska in 1794. The names referred to the nearby village of Górce, which most likely owned Gać at the time. In the 19th century, Gać became also alternatively known as Floryanów, with both names being used interchangeably. Alternatively, names Florianowo, and Floriany, were also used. The name came from the name Florian, and according to some historians, referred to Florian Znamierowski (1761–1829), a nobleperson who owned Gać and Górce in the 19th century. In the 20th century, part of the village also became a separate settlement, known as Gać-Floriany (or Gać-Florianowo). In March 1938, the population of Gać voted in unanimity to change the name of the village to Radiowo, which could be loosely translated from Polish to Radioville. One of main reasons of the name change, was a close resemblance of Gać to word gacie which in Polish means underwear. The name Radiowo was inspired by the nearby Transatlantic Radiotelegraphy Center. The Fort IIA, located to the south of the village also became colloquially known as Fort Radiowo. In 1997, the neighbourhood, and the City Information System in the district of Bemowo, was named Fort Radiowo after it.	2.28125
75702840	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Nashville%20Vols%20Opening%20Day%20starting%20pitchers	List of Nashville Vols Opening Day starting pitchers	The Nashville Vols were a Minor League Baseball team that played in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1901 to 1963. They were established as charter members of the Southern Association in 1901. Known as the Nashville Baseball Club during their first seven seasons, they became the Nashville Volunteers (regularly shortened to Vols) in 1908. Nashville remained in the Southern Association until it disbanded after the 1961 season. The team sat out the 1962 campaign but returned for a final season in the South Atlantic League in 1963 before ceasing operations altogether. The first game of the new baseball season for a team is played on Opening Day, and being named the Opening Day starting pitcher is an honor which is given to the player who is expected to lead the pitching staff that season, though there are various strategic reasons why a team's best pitcher might not start on Opening Day. The Vols used 55 different Opening Day starters in their 62 seasons. Nashville's first Opening Day game was played against the Chattanooga Lookouts at Stanton Field in Chattanooga, Tennessee, on May 2, 1901. Ted Corbett was their starting pitcher that day; he took a no decision in the 15–14 loss, which lasted 10 innings. Their first Opening Day game held at home was against the Birmingham Barons at Athletic Park on April 10, 1907. Starter John Duggan pitched a complete game for the 3–0 victory. Nashville's Athletic Park became known as Sulphur Dell in 1908. The Vols' final Opening Day at the Dell occurred on April 8, 1961, against Chattanooga. Albert Johnston started the game, a 5–3 defeat, and was charged with the loss. On April 19, 1963, the Vols opened their final season versus the Knoxville Smokies at Bill Meyer Stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee. Starting pitcher Aubrey Gatewood did not figure in the decision in the 8–4 win.	2.3125
75703167	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovan%20Banjanin	Jovan Banjanin	Jovan Banjanin (1874–1960) was a Croatian Serb and Yugoslavian politician. Biography Banjanin was born in 1874 in Gospić, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia). He pursued Slavic studies at the University of Zagreb and the Charles University in Prague until 1898. In 1896, Banjanin was an active member of the United Croat and Serb Academic Youth (Ujedinjena hrvatska i srpska akademska omladina) along with Ivan Lorković, Lav Mazzura, and Svetozar Pribičević before moving to the Serb Independent Party in 1900 together with Pribičević. The two took leading positions in the party by 1903. Banjanin was a proponent of the 1903 and supporter of joining the Croat-Serb Coalition. Banjanin was elected a member of the Croatian Sabor in the 1906 Croatian parliamentary election in the district of Udbina, and he retained his seat until 1910. In 1907–1910, he was also appointed a delegate of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia to the Diet of Hungary. Following the outbreak of the World War I, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army, but he deserted the army to Serbia. During the war, he stayed in France and Switzerland and joined the Yugoslav Committee—an ad-hoc group of politicians and activists advocating unification of the South Slavs living in Austria-Hungary as well as in Serbia.	2.046875
75703348	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20jacobsii	Nymphaea jacobsii	Nymphaea jacobsii is a species of waterlily endemic to Queensland, Australia. Description Vegetative characteristics Nymphaea jacobsii is an annual or perennial aquatic plant with elongate to globose rhizomes. The broadly elliptic, 40 cm long, 35 cm wide, petiolate leaves have a dentate margin. Generative characteristics The inodorous flowers extend up to 30 cm above the water surface. The sepals are 4.2–13 cm long, and 5.5 cm wide. The 12-24 white to deep blue, lanceolate petals are 1–11.5 cm long, and 2.5-5.5 cm wide. The androecium consists of 150-300 yellow stamens. The gynoecium consists of 12-25 carpels. The globose, 2.3–9 cm wide fruit bears numerous large, ovoid, 2.6–7 mm long and 2–3.5 mm wide seeds with 0.1-0.13 mm long trichomes. Taxonomy Publication It was first described by Carl Barre Hellquist in 2011. Type specimen The Type specimen was collected by S. W. L. Jacobs and C. B. Hellquist in Lake Powlanthanga, Queensland, Australia on the 12th of June 2007. Subspecies Two subspecies, namely Nymphaea jacobsii subsp. jacobsii, and Nymphaea jacobsii subsp. toomba Hellq., have been described. Placement within Nymphaea It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Anecphya. Natural hybridisation A natural hybrid of Nymphaea jacobsii and Nymphaea violacea has been described, but not named. Etymology It is named after Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs. Conservation The NCA status of Nymphaea jacobsii is Special Least Concern (SL). Ecology Habitat It is found in lakes, and creeks.	2.0625
75703409	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20B.%20O%27Donnell	Martha B. O'Donnell	Martha B. O'Donnell ( Cole; after adoption, Barnum; after first marriage, Dickinson; after second marriage, O'Donnell; 1836–1925) was an American newspaper and magazine editor as well as a temperance and suffrage activist. She was associated with the International Organisation of Good Templars (IOGT), serving as International Superintendent of Juvenile Work, and with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), where she served as president of the Lewis County, New York branch. A pioneer suffragist, O'Donnell knew and worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Early life and education Martha Cole was born in Virgil, Cortland County, New York, February 5, 1837. Her parents were John C. Cole (1777–1853) and Elizabeth (Betsy/Betsey) McNish (1803–1842) Cole. Martha's surname was changed to Barnum by adoption into the family of Zalmon P. Barnum, Martha's mother having died when the child was approximately four years of age. She was educated in New York Central College, McGrawville, New York. Career In 1856, she married Charles Frederick Dickinson (d. 1871), who was affiliated with the IOGT and was the editor of the Olean, New York Times. Their family consisted of two daughters and one son. The son died in infancy. Martha was initiated into the IOGT's "Pleasant River" Lodge in Olean, in 1867. Her abilities were quickly recognized and she came rapidly to the front of the leadership ranks. In 1868, she became editor and publisher of the Golden Rule, a monthly temperance magazine, in the interest of the order. In 1869, she was sent as a Representative to the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, and was elected to the Board of Managers. The following year, she was elected Grand Vice-Templar, with charge of the Juvenile Work in the State of New York, and re-elected in 1871. Further honor came in 1872, when at the Madison session of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge, she was elected Vice-Templar.	2.1875
75703427	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao%20Force	Mindanao Force	Mindanao Force was a corps size military unit defending the island of Mindanao, the second largest island of the Philippines, from March 17, 1942, to its surrender on May 9, 1942. The force was created when the Visayas-Mindanao Force was split into two in March 1942. It was initiated in February 1942 in the headquarters of the United States Army Forces in the Far East, but took effect when General Douglas MacArthur departed for Australia on March 17, 1942. Visayas-Mindanao Force (VMF) commander Major General William F. Sharp assumed command of the force since he moved his previous headquarters in January in that year. He retained his staffs from his previous VMF HQ to his Mindanao Force HQ and released Visayan Force to Brigadier General Bradford Chynoweth. Along with Luzon Force and Harbor Defense of Manila and Subic, both headquarters were to report directly to US Forces in the Philippines HQ in Corregidor under Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright IV. The main mission of Mindanao Force was to protect Del Monte Field and construct more air fields around Mindanao so supplies from Australia could be flown in, in preparation for the relief of the Philippine Garrison by General MacArthur. This was not materialized, due to the grip of the Japanese forces in the Philippines and its surrender on May 10, 1942. Background Back in January, General Sharp was able to transfer units from Visayas to Mindanao when he was still commander of Visayas and Mindanao. He was of lack of training of his forces, lack of weapons and ammunitions, and supplies. He brought along 81st Division under Brigadier General Guy O. Fort and ordered to relocate in Mindanao the following units, 73rd Infantry Regiment from Negros, 61st Infantry, 62nd Infantry, and 61st Field Artillery from Panay. He also had forces from Leyte which composed by 81st Infantry Regiment and 93rd Infantry Regiment that wasn't included during the transfer of 91st Division to Luzon. Bulk of the forces are now in Mindanao leaving only one division in Visayas.	2.21875
75703550	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination%20of%20Richard%20Bourke%2C%206th%20Earl%20of%20Mayo	Assassination of Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo	Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo, the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, was assassinated on 8 February 1872 by Sher Ali Afridi, a disgruntled Indian soldier of Afghan Muslim background, who had been convicted of murder and condemned to penal servitude. The assassination occurred at the penal settlement of Port Blair, Andaman Islands, India. It was the first, and only, time a Governor-General of India was assassinated. Assassination Background Lord Mayo, a Conservative statesman of Anglo-Irish background, entitled the Earl of Mayo in the peerage of Ireland, had served as Viceroy of India since January 1869. He had been appointed by Queen Victoria on the advice of the then Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli (later confirmed by William Ewart Gladstone). In late January 1872, he engaged in a State visit to Rangoon and Maulmain in Burma, where he was received with great splendour. On 30 January he held a levee and ball, and hosted a grand ball on 2 February. On 5 February he visited the Andaman Islands, where he planned to inspect the infamous Penal settlement at Port Blair. The islands were used as a British penal colony for convicts from India, both criminals and political prisoners. Arriving with a large entourage, Lord Mayo was involved in drafting the regulations of the penal settlement at Port Blair. He did not plan to stay longer than a single day and was mainly interested in prison reforms, improving the welfare of prisoners.	2.34375
75703832	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic%20art%20in%20Milan	Gothic art in Milan	Although outside the municipal territory, undoubtedly related to the city is the abbey of Morimondo, which, as with the abbeys just mentioned, came into being in the first half of the 12th century due to the arrival of Cistercian monks from France. Also in this case one is confronted, in the original remaining parts of the church, with a very primitive Gothic style, discernible, for example, in the slender proportions when compared with those of Romanesque art. The facade is in exposed terracotta with biforas and a rose window, made in a very simple manner as dictated by the rules of Cistercian architecture. The Mirasole Abbey complex, among the few Lombard examples of fortified religious architecture, was founded in the 13th century, while the church dates from the late 14th century. The façade is in terracotta with very simple decorations, consisting of a rose window, two monoforas, and a lowered-arch terracotta portal; the interior has a single-nave hall ending in a quadrangular apse where the Assumption of the Virgin is frescoed by an anonymous painter probably related to the style of Michelino da Besozzo. The Visconti period	2.25
75703832	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic%20art%20in%20Milan	Gothic art in Milan	In the early 14th century Lord Azzone Visconti inaugurated a full-fledged program of patronage that had its centerpiece in Gothic architecture. Among the earliest achievements is the church of San Gottardo in Corte, built as a ducal chapel dedicated to the patron saint of the gout that would affect Azzone, though greatly remodeled in appearance in the 18th century. Of the original exterior appearance, the octagonal bell tower and the semi-octagonal apse are preserved: the decoration is made by alternating terracotta elements, already typical of Lombard Romanesque architecture, and white marble elements. The outstanding element of the complex is the octagonal bell tower attributed to Francesco Pegorari from Cremona: the use of terracotta is prevalent in the lower levels of the bell tower to leave room for white marble in the higher parts up to the crowning, probably taken from the lantern tower of Chiaravalle Abbey and at the top of the Torrazzo of Cremona. The interior, according to Galvano Fiamma's chronicles of the time, was completely frescoed by Giotto, called to Milan by Azzone Visconti, and his school: of the cycle of paintings only the Crucifixion remains nowadays, attributed by some directly to the Tuscan master, while according to another hypothesis some features of the painting, such as realism and attention to detail, would suggest an anonymous, though extraordinary, master of the Giotto sphere with Lombard influences.	2.28125
75703983	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hager%20Ali	Hager Ali	Hager Ali () is a German political scientist, university lecturer and freelance journalist. As research fellow at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) in Hamburg and freelance journalist, she has published articles on her research focusing on civil-military relations in authoritarian regimes in the Middle East and North Africa. She also communicates her research in German and international media, as well as in public events. Life and career Ali was born and raised in Frankfurt/Main the daughter of Egyptian parents. In addition to her two mother tongues, German and Arabic, she also speaks English and French. After graduating with a B.A. in political science and sociology from the Goethe University in Frankfurt in 2016, she earned an M.A. in political science at the Central European University in Budapest. Since October 2018, she has been working as a research fellow with the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) in Hamburg. The GIGA is an international research institute committed to a global approach and conducting research in the fields of comparative area studies on Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East, as well as on global social and political developments. Among others, the GIGA advises the German Foreign Office and other parts of the German federal government. Ali is also a doctoral candidate at the University of Hamburg, preparing her PhD thesis titled "Praetorianism in the MENA-Region. Military Governance and Civilian Control across Regime Types". Her main fields of research and publications are the political and security situation in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as in Sahel countries like Sudan and in Afghanistan.	1.984375
75704052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20Constance%20Murray	Edith Constance Murray	Edith Constance Murray BEM born Edith Constance Blackwell (26 February 1897 – 30 January 1988) was an Australian puppeteer and schoolteacher. Life Murray was born in 1897 in North Sydney. She was the first child of Flora Emily (born Fletcher) and Harry Le Tissier Blackwell. Her mother had been born in Australia but her father who had a tobacco shop had been born in the UK's Channel Islands. She graduated as a qualified teacher from the University of Sydney in 1920. In 1922 she began a marriage to an accountant named Rowland Charles Murray. She had two sons. She discovered glove puppets and their ability to entertain and teach children while working as a governess for children at the Bidura House children's home from 1937 to 1946. The home looked after children who were expected to appear at court and children who were anticipating finding foster parents. The Children's Library and Crafts Movement had been founded in 1934 by two sisters, Elsie Rivett and Mary Matheson The eighth branch was opened in 1942 in Katoomba. It was Murray who organised the first use of puppets in their movement. In June 1949 the Sydney Herald announced weekly shows for children at the Children's Theatre at Burnie Park, Clovelly. The theatre accommodated marionette and glove puppet performances and the children were encouraged to write their own plays and to construct their own puppets. The theatre's work was supported by loaned puppets (from William Dalziel (Bill) Nicol in Melbourne) and the Children's Library and Crafts Movement. Leading Australian puppeteers Richard Bradshaw, Norman Hetherington and John Lewis of Jeral Puppets were among those who demonstrated their skills at the theatre. Murray remained as the director of the theatre until 1982. Murray died in the Sydney suburb of Waterfall in 1988.	2.46875
75704080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-crown%20%28New%20Zealand%20coin%29	Half-crown (New Zealand coin)	The half-crown is the largest of five denominations of New Zealand pound coinage first issued in 1933. Introduced due to shortages of comparable British silver coinage following the devaluation of the New Zealand pound relative to the pound sterling, the coin measures roughly in diameter. It was equal to thirty pence, two and a half shillings, or an eighth of a pound. Designed by George Kruger Gray, the coin's reverse features the New Zealand coat of arms surrounded by Māori wood carvings. Quickly approved by design committees in Britain and New Zealand to resolve the local currency shortage, the coin was the first denomination of New Zealand coinage to enter circulation. It was initially struck by the Royal Mint in .500 fineness silver, but was produced in cupronickel from 1947 onward. A commemorative issue, celebrating the centennial of the Treaty of Waitangi, entered circulation in 1940. Background British half-crowns first circulated in New Zealand during the early 19th century alongside various other silver coinage, including American, Spanish, French, and Dutch issues alongside other British silver denominations. The British pound sterling was confirmed as legal tender in 1858, but had in effect been the sole circulating currency since 1847. Gold half sovereigns, equivalent in value to ten shillings, entered production in Australia in the 1850s, and were made legal tender (although they would not be legal tender within the United Kingdom itself until 1864). Widespread circulation of the Australian silver coinage in New Zealand began in 1930, when Australia devalued the Australian pound relative to the pound sterling. Large amounts of the devalued Australian currency began to flood into New Zealand, eventually making up 30–40% of all coinage in circulation by early 1933. The counterfeiting of silver coins also increased during this period.	2.796875
75704192	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Jose%20Central%20Fire%20Station	San Jose Central Fire Station	The former San Jose Central Fire Station, now the San Jose Fire Museum, stood at the intersection of North Market and West St. James Streets in downtown San Jose. On the opposite end of the same block stands its modern replacement, the San Jose Fire Station No. 1. The San Jose Fire Museum has a collection of ladders, helmets, documents, and trucks dating back to 1810. John McMillan, president of the San Jose Fire Museum, said "Our goal is to restore this beautiful, historic Old Fire Station One and make it a destination in downtown San Jose." Design The San Jose Fire Station building was designed by the architectural firm Binder & Curtis with William Binder and Ernest N. Curtis as the main architects. The building is a two-story building built in an International Style and Art Moderne in its horizontal banding of windows. Its design featured three bays labeled Battalion 1, Truck 1, and Engine 1. The Central Fire Station was designed to accommodate up to six vehicles inside, two in each bay. This was the first fire station constructed with drive-through bays. The building is constructed using cast-in-place concrete. Its exterior walls feature both horizontal and vertical scoring, mimicking large blocks on each of the four sides. The windows are a combination of multi-light metal casement, tilt, and fixed windows. On the second level, the windows are arranged horizontally and come with integrated concrete header and sill trim, creating a visual band that wraps around and unifies the windows. Significance	2.328125
75704199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Naqada	Siege of Naqada	The siege of Naqada was a major land and naval battle between the forces of King Scorpion I and Naqada itself which had been suffering a two joint offensive by Thinis and Nekhen. The conflict occurred on Naqada's northernmost frontier, in the middle of Scorpion I's reign or about c. 3270 BC. In this battle the Thinite army, personally led by Scorpion I, who were attempting to finally conquer Naqada by land and the River Nile, defeated the army of Naqada. Almost all that is known about the battle comes from a graffito of Scorpion I discovered during the Theban Desert Road Survey. Background Most of Upper Egypt became unified under rulers from Abydos during the Naqada II period (3600–3200 BCE), at the expense of rival powerful polities such as Hierakonpolis which had in the past decades declined in power and had retreated from Northern Upper Egypt. King Scorpion I's conquest over Middle Egypt kept trade and international relations with the importations of plaques from Baset and Buto. This also shows that Scorpion's armies had penetrated the very Southern Nile Delta. It may be the conquests of Scorpion I that started the Egyptian hieroglyphic system by creating a need to keep records and vast swathes of nomes under control via secular writing from previous developments in proto-writing. Scorpion I sought to conquer the Kingdom of Nubt (Naqada) which was now surrounded by a joint offensive from the North, being under Thinite control and from the South under Nekhen's sphere of influence. The battle King Scorpion I mobilised his forces along the Nile at first from Thinis. It is believed King Scorpion I himself joined his main detachment, and marched his main army through the desert highlands, heading south-east towards Naqada suggested by the graffito discovered there. This was to avoid a blockade via the Nile or the interior surrounding the River Nile, for which to distract during the Campaign he had sent smaller forces including naval forces.	2.890625
72922667	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenanthemum%20sublineare	Stenanthemum sublineare	Stenanthemum sublineare is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with sparsely hairy young stems, narrowly egg-shaped to linear leaves, and small clusters of densely hairy, greenish, tube-shaped flowers. Description Stenanthemum sublineare is an erect shrub that typically grows up to about high and wide and lacks spines, its young stems sparsely hairy. Its leaves are narrowly egg-shaped to linear, long and wide on a glabrous petiole long, with stipules about long and fused at the base. The edges of the leaves are turned down or rolled under, the upper surface more or less glabrous, the lower surface mostly obscured. The flowers are greenish and arranged singly or in groups of up to 3 in leaf axils, the groups up to wide, with 2 egg-shaped bracts at the base. The floral tube and sepals are about long. Flowering occurs from October to December. Taxonomy and naming Stenanthemum sublineare was first formally described in 2001 by Barbara Lynette Rye in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected near Bullsbrook in 1997. The specific epithet (sublineare) means "almost linear", referring to the leaves. Distribution and habitat This species grows in woodland, dominated by Banksia attenuata, and is only known from the Swan Coastal Plain near Bullsbrook. Conservation status Stenanthemum sublineare is listed as "Priority Two" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.	2.21875
72923242	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Chinese%20balloon%20incident	2023 Chinese balloon incident	Past Chinese balloons and unidentified objects Suspected Chinese surveillance balloons have been detected in U.S. airspace in the past, namely over Guam, Hawaii, and Florida. One incursion occurred earlier during Joe Biden's presidency (after January 20, 2021) and three occurred during Donald Trump's first presidency (2017–2021). These incursions did not persist as long as the one in 2023, and China was able to recover those balloons. Other pre-2023 incursions have remained unexplained and are classified by U.S. authorities as unidentified aerial phenomena. In 2022, the Office of the Director for National Intelligence said that there had been at least 171 reports of unexplained aerial phenomena in the United States, and the intelligence community has been unable to determine their precise nature. The commander of United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM), General Glen VanHerck, said that U.S. failure to detect and identify all such incursions is "a domain awareness gap that we have to figure out". In response, the U.S. changed the sensitivity of its radar detection systems, which enabled it to detect additional UFOs. The U.S. Department of State said that many Chinese balloons have flown over more than forty countries and said that they have carried out surveillance linked to the Chinese military. In 2020 and 2021, similar balloons were sighted in Sendai and Hachinohe, Japan, respectively, but they were not identified as of Chinese origin at the time. A similar aircraft was sighted in January 2022 over India's strategically important Andaman and Nicobar islands. In February 2022, Taiwan's Ministry of National Defense said that several balloons detected off the coast of the country were likely used for meteorological observations for China's Eastern Theater Command. Another crashed near Taiwan in February 2023, carrying an antenna, a transmitter, and temperature and humidity sensors and was likely from China as well. U.S.–China tensions	2.265625
72923242	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Chinese%20balloon%20incident	2023 Chinese balloon incident	On February 4, the balloon had drifted over the Carolinas. The Federal Aviation Administration closed airspace over the area in one of the largest temporary flight restrictions in U.S. history, "more than five times the restricted airspace surrounding Washington, D.C., and nearly double the area of the state of Massachusetts". A ground stop was ordered on the coast at Myrtle Beach International Airport and Charleston International Airport in South Carolina, and Wilmington International Airport in North Carolina. Military aircraft were reported to be over the Carolinas. U.S. officials later stated that this was in preparation for the eventual downing of the balloon within American territorial waters over the Atlantic Ocean. The balloon was shot down over U.S. territorial waters off the coast of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, by an AIM-9X Sidewinder missile fired from a U.S. Air Force F-22 Raptor that had departed from Langley Air Force Base; the downing occurred at 2:39 p.m. eastern time. The F-22 fired the missile at an altitude of , which struck the balloon at an altitude of . The balloon splashed down within U.S. territorial waters off the coastline, where the water was deep. The downing was the first recorded by an F-22 aircraft, the first of an aircraft over U.S. territory since World War II, and is speculated to be the highest altitude air-to-air kill in recorded history. Debris recovery	2.296875
72923841	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20of%20use%20water%20filter	Point of use water filter	Limitations Although the technology in POU filters is generally robust, the limited contact time with the water stream and the technological limitations of the devices mean that the level of performance is not as great as the user may expect. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may occur in some water supplies because of contamination of the water catchment. but a number of POU filters only offer a reduction of concentration down to 70 ng/L whereas the limit on municipal water treatment plant may be as low as 20 ng/L. In such cases the POU filter will be of no benefit. Disadvantages Cost All point of use filters incorporate technology that requires periodic exchange or replacement. For example, ion exchange units become exhausted and no longer work efficiently and activated carbon units become saturated with organic species and can no longer perform as designed. Because the levels of treatment may be undetectable by the user, many manufacturers recommend replacement of units on a regular basis. The cost of such units can be significant Bacteriological contamination Many filters are designed to remove chlorine from water to improve the smell and taste of the water. Removing the chlorine can allow bacteria and other microorganisms to colonise parts of the filter downstream of the chlorine removal and the stem of the tap or the shower hose and head. Such colonisation may pose health risks not present in the unfiltered water	2.515625
72924019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20for%20Moscow%20%28wargame%29	Battle for Moscow (wargame)	Battle for Moscow is a short and simple board wargame published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) in 1986 that simulates Operation Typhoon, the German attempt to quickly capture Moscow during the opening days of their surprise invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 during World War II. The game was designed as a free giveaway to try to introduce new players to wargaming. Background On 22 June 1941, less than two years after signing the non-aggression Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with the Soviet Union, Germany attacked across a wide front. One of their key strategic goals was the capture of Moscow, in an operation code-named "Typhoon". The Russians desperately struggled to halt the German offense before this goal could be attained. Description Battle for Moscow is a two-player wargame where one player controls the Russian forces and the other player controls the Germans. With a small 8.5" x 11" hex grid map, only 4 pages of rules and 39 counters, the game has been characterized as "easy to learn". Set up The Russians set up their counters on pre-determined hexes. The Germans can set up their forces anywhere within a specific area. Gameplay The game system uses an alternating "I Go, You Go" series of turns divided into four phases: Add Reinforcements Special Movement: During the German turn, the German player can move their tanks. During the Russian turn, the Russian player can move units via railways. Combat: All units of the active player that are adjacent to an enemy may attack if the attacker's strength is equal to or more than the defender's strength. General Move: All units, including those that moved during the Special Movement phase, can move. The German player completes all four phases, followed by the Russian player. This completes one turn, which represents 1 week of game time.	2.34375
72924410	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Iqbal%27s%20political%20philosophy	Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy	Role in politics By 1935, Iqbal was convinced that the All-India Muslim League was the only political party among the Muslims, which could galvanize the national potential to safeguard the interests of the Muslim masses. At its Bombay Session in 1936, the All-India Muslim League authorized Jinnah to organize a Central Parliamentary Board to work for the forthcoming elections under the Government of India Act 1935. Jinnah approached Fazl-i-Hussain to help him in forming the Punjab Parliamentary Board on behalf of the Muslim League, but the latter refused to co-operate in this matter. Jinnah then turned to Iqbal, who readily agreed to give every possible help in the formation of the Punjab Parliamentary Board. The Punjab Muslim League under the leadership of Iqbal made every possible effort to mobilize men and material for the coming election. Towards the close of Iqbal's life, the picture of Muslim politics was encouraging. He worked ceaselessly, with supreme honesty and sincerity, to bring unity of purpose and ideals among the Muslims. In 1937, he fell seriously ill and died in April 1938, but the later political currents in the sub-continent showed that his endeavors were not wasted. Leadership in Iqbal's ideal state would arise as a result of an effort to replicate the qualities of the Prophet, whose leadership in all spheres of community life provides an eternal guide to the Muslims. Magnanimity, prudence, piety, courage to fight for righteous cause, forgiveness in a moment of triumph, fear of God and love of people are some of the characteristics which form the most suitable equipment for a Muslim leader. Loyalty to the Sharia and services to the people are the criteria to judge the competence of a leader. According to Iqbal leadership is not monopolistic in nature. Monopoly of power by an individual or a group in contrary to the Canon law.	2.421875
72924464	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahiti%20De%20Vos	Rahiti De Vos	Rahiti De Vos (born 11 January 1996) is a French swimmer who has represented French Polynesia at the Pacific Games and France at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in Beijing, and at the FINA Swimming World Cup in Dubai and Qatar. De Vos was born in Tahiti, French Polynesia and educated at Lycée Don Bosco. He relocated to France at the age of 15 to join Font-Romeu National Altitude Training Centre, where he won the youth national championships. In 2016 he won a scholarship to study and swim at the University of Utah, where he studied information systems. At the 2015 Pacific Games in Port Moresby, he won gold in 6 events including the 400m freestyle, 1500m freestyle, 200m freestyle, 200m butterfly, 4 × 100m freestyle relay, 4 × 200m freestyle relay, and bronze in the 100m butterfly. At the 2019 Pacific Games in Apia he won gold in the open water swim, 400m freestyle, and the 1500m freestyle, breaking the Pacific Games record in the latter. He also won silver in the 200m freestyle and relay events. In March 2020 he qualified for the National Collegiate Athletic Association division 1 swimming championships.	2.1875
72925498	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6bius%20Front%20%2783	Möbius Front '83	Möbius Front '83 is a computer wargame developed and published by Zachtronics. It was released in November 2020. Gameplay In 1983, the United States is invaded by an alternate dimension version of itself. Players initially control the defenders, though they can play as the aggressor once they complete the single-player campaign. In multiplayer games, another player can control the Soviet Army. It is turn-based and uses a hex grid, as in tabletop tactical wargames. Units do not have variable action points, but most units must choose between moving and attacking. Development The game was inspired by US military manuals. It was released November 5, 2020, and multiplayer was added in January 2021. Reception Tom Hatfield of PC Gamer wrote that Möbius Front '83 is accessible and makes wargames easy to understand, but it lacks exciting battles. Joe Robinson of PCGamesN wrote, "Competent and challenging but not especially deep, this Cold War tactical romp also tends to get a bit dry and repetitive at times."	1.976563
72927307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Buchanan%20%28Virginia%20colonist%29	John Buchanan (Virginia colonist)	John Buchanan (died 1769) was colonial Virginia landowner, magistrate, colonel in the Virginia Militia, deputy surveyor under Thomas Lewis, and Sheriff of Augusta County, Virginia. As a surveyor, Buchanan was able to locate and purchase some of the most desirable plots of land in western Virginia and quickly became wealthy and politically influential. As magistrate, sheriff and a colonel the Augusta County Militia, he was already well-connected when his father-in-law Colonel James Patton was killed in 1755. Buchanan had replaced Patton in several key roles by the time of his own death in 1769. Buchanan is often referred to in official documents as "John Buchanan, Gent.", while his brother-in-law, Captain John Buchanan, is usually referred to as "John Buchanan, yeoman." Both men owned land on the New River and the Holston River and are frequently confused. Captain Buchanan married Colonel Buchanan's sister Martha. Birth and early life Little is known for certain of Buchanan's birthplace or his life before 1741. Buchanan may have been born in County Donegal, Ireland or in Pennsylvania. His date of birth is disputed, with sources variously citing 1699, 1716, and 1728. Several sources say he was the son of James Buchanan and Jane Sayers, and that the family lived for a time in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. Lyman Draper states that before coming to America, he "had figured in the wars of Scotland," although no details or source is given, and Draper may have confused John Buchanan with his father James. Lyman Draper's collected papers of William Preston (1731-1791) contains information suggesting that Buchanan immigrated from Ireland in 1738 with his father James, and James Patton.	2.265625
72928294	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Alagoas	History of Alagoas	The state political struggles gained strength in the 1950s. During the attempted impeachment of Governor Muniz Falcão in 1957, a shootout in the Legislative Assembly of Alagoas caused the death of Congressman Humberto Mendes, the governor's father-in-law. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, political tension remained, while the gains from the sal-gema, sugar and petroleum did not benefit the population. In 1979, former governor Arnon de Melo, then a senator, got the military government to appoint his son Fernando Afonso Collor de Melo as mayor of Maceió. In 1988, an agreement between Collor, then governor, and the sugar and alcohol mills, the main contributors to the state's value-added tax, allowed them to reduce their tax revenues. The revenue shortfall aggravated the state's historic social and economic crisis and generated a bankruptcy situation that led the federal government to an unofficial intervention in 1997. After a new Treasury Secretary was appointed, Governor Divaldo Suruagy stepped aside, ceding the post to the vice-governor. 21st Century After the scandal that led Renan Calheiros to resign as president of the Brazilian Federal Senate in 2007, his son Renan Filho (PMDB) was elected mayor of Murici in October 2008. The mayor of Maceió, Cícero Almeida (PP), was reelected with 81.49% of the votes. In September 2008, the president of the Legislative Assembly of Alagoas, Antonio Albuquerque (PT do B), was removed from office for being the main suspect in the detour of R$280 million from the legislative branch, investigated by Operation Taturana. Fourteen deputies were indicted and deputy Fernando Toledo (PSDB) took over the presidency of the branch. In July 2009, the president of the Supreme Federal Court, Minister Gilmar Mendes, ordered that eight of the 14 deputies return to the Assembly, including Antonio Albuquerque. In October 2010, Teotônio Vilela Filho (PSDB) was reelected governor in the first round with 52.74% of the votes against his opponent, candidate Ronaldo Lessa (PDT).	2.171875
72928753	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvonne%20Lue	Yvonne Lue	Yvonne Lue is a Jamaican doctor who works in the field of medical microbiology. Lue is one of the few Black women who have led clinical microbiology since the 1950-70s. She is the President for the New York City Branch of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Early life Lue is a native of Jamaica. She did her bachelors in biology at LIU Brooklyn from 1966 to 1970, her doctorate in microbiology at the Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences from 1970 to 1976, and her post doctoral training in clinical microbiology from 1976-1978 at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, despite wide discrimination and hostility. She became involved with the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) early in her career. Career Lue recalls being the only historically underrepresented scientist that passed the ABMM examination in 1984. She was the director for the Microbiology & Virology departments at the Teterboro facility at the Quest Diagnostics from 1992 - 2007. She was part of the Planning Committee, UMDNJ Center for Continuing and Outreach Education, University Symposia in Clinical Laboratory Medicine from 2000-2008. She was the director for Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Clinical Laboratories in Microbiology from 2008-2010. She worked part-time as the Assistant Director in Microbiology at the Enzo Clinical Labs Inc. from 2008-2013. She was a Microbiology Consultant at aLab Services from 2012-2014. Lue served on several ASM committees. She is an elected Member-at-Large representing branches for the Journal of Clinical Microbiology editorial board and the Council Policy Committee (CPC). She is the current President in the New York City Branch of ASM (American Society for Microbiology), where she actively mentors and trains local microbiologists.	2.171875
72928968	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4ndtia	Vändtia	Special cards Some cards have special privileges: Twos. A 2 may be played on any card and may be followed by any card. Tens. A 10 may be played on any card; the discard pile is removed from play, face down, and the same player may play any card or set to start a new discard pile. Sevens. Commonly, a 7 is considered 'glass' or 'transparent'. It may be played on any card and the following player has to play a card or set that could have been legally played immediately before the 7 was placed. Quartets A quartet is a set of 4 cards of equal rank, also called four-of-a-kind. If a quartet is played in sequence to the discard pile, it is treated in the same way as playing a 10. The player who plays the fourth card (whether singly or as part of a set), removes the discard pile from play and plays any card or set to start a new one. Endgame When a player runs out of hand cards, if the draw pile has been used up, that player may play from the 3 upcards if possible. With no hand cards or upcards left, a player must select a downcard, turn it over and play it if possible. If at any stage a player is unable or unwilling to play a card to the discard pile and the stock has been used up, the player must pick up the discard pile and begin playing them as hand cards again. A player may not go out by playing a 2, 10 or Ace. Variations Deal Sometimes players are dealt 4 downcards, 4 upcards and 4 hand cards each. Rearranging Players may only rearrange their cards by exchanging one-for-one between their hand cards and their upcards. When rearranging cards at the beginning, players may play a matching card or set to an opponent's upcard with the exception of court cards.	2.828125
72929404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20Bend%2C%20Iowa	Civil Bend, Iowa	Civil Bend, Iowa was a village established in 1850 located in the western part of Benton Township in Fremont County, near the present-day town of Percival on the Missouri River in the U.S. State of Iowa. It was a noted station on the Underground Railroad, and a stop along the Lane Trail. History The first settler in the area was a ferryman named John Boulware. Another was a man surnamed Hickson. Hickson sold whiskey to the natives and settlers and the wild times that ensued were the origin of the place's name, Devil's Bend. The bend upriver from this was settled by abolitionist graduates of Oberlin College and the contrast between their lifestyle and that of Hickson's customers led to their settlement being called Civil Bend. They came, determined to establish a safe haven for freedom seekers from the neighboring slave-friendly states of Missouri to the south, Nebraska to the west, Kansas to the southwest, and the rest of the southern United States. Lester Platt and his wife Elvira were among the first settlers, arriving in 1847, and Lester began helping trafficked Black people escape their enslavers. Ira Blanchard and George Gaston also settled nearby and shared Platt's sentiment and commitments about freedom seekers. Formerly enslaved people, such as Henry and Maria Garner and their family also settled in Civil Bend. By 1850, the settlement had a Congregational Church when John Todd arrived to serve as minister. Sitting in the Missouri River bottoms, the village's proximity to the river became an issue because of repeated flooding.	2.359375
72929430	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylaeus%20lactiferus	Hylaeus lactiferus	Hylaeus lactiferus, also known as Pharohylaeus lactiferus or the cloaked bee, is a rare species of bee native to tropical and subtropical forests in northeast Australia. The species is an example of a Lazarus taxon, with no reliable records published between 1923 and its rediscovery in 2008. Description The cloaked bee is relatively large, with its stout body measuring 9 to 11 mm in length. Its body is mostly black with distinctive white markings on its face and thorax. Not much is known about the biology or behavior of the species. Distribution and habitat All documented sightings of the cloaked bee originate from subtropical and tropical forests in northeast Australia. Specimens were first collected in the Atherton Tablelands, Mackay, and Kuranda, though the exact locations were "imprecise." Discovery and rediscovery Hylaeus lactiferus was first described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1910 and given the common name "Cloaked bee." Following the collection of three male specimens in January 1923, the species would not be spotted for over 80 years. In 2008, the species would be rediscovered by James B. Dorey, who collected a female specimen resting on foliage as well as five male specimens patrolling the flowers of a firewheel tree.	2.453125
72929891	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Vera%20Cruz	Fort Vera Cruz	Fort Vera Cruz (Forte de Vera Cruz in Portuguese), also known as Fort Vera Cruz da Figueira (Forte da Vera Cruz da Figueira in Portuguese) or Figueira Fort, consist of the remains of a fort located in Vila do Bispo, in Algarve, Portugal. Description The building is located on the east side of the Figueira Beach. It consisted of a small fort, with two batteries, one below and another above, where artillery pieces were once placed, probably four in number. Within the fort the garrisons quarters could be found. Two artillery pieces were found underwater in the vicinity, originally located within the fort. The 1755 Earthquake caused the two guns, one of bronze and another of iron, to fall into the water, remaining below the rocks under the surf, according to an account by father Themudo, of the Figueira parish. The fort itself is not classified as a monument of public interest; however, it is located within the protected area of the Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park. History The fort was built in the 17th century, probably around 1640 during the reign of King John IV as part of the Restoration War. It was originally part of a complex system of fortifications meant to protect the coast close to the important port city of Lagos, which included also the forts in Meia Praia, Almádena, Zavial, Ponta da Bandeira, Pinhão, Ponta da Piedade and Porto de Mós.	2.5
72930005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prangos%20ferulacea	Prangos ferulacea	Prangos ferulacea, known in Italy as common basilisk (basilisco comune) is a perennial herbaceous plant present in the Mediterranean Basin, Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, and the Caucasus. Description Herbaceous plant 60–150 cm tall, stem has a diameter of 1-2 cm at the base. Its leaves are glabrous and light green, broadly ovate to ovate-triangular or oblong-elliptic and repeatedly pinnate. Its basal leaves have up to 50-80 cm long petioles, at the base they are divided into 3 lobes, each 4-5 times pinnate. Its terminal lobes are linear, lanceolate or almost filiform, with 1 vein, at the apex they are shortly pointed. The lower stem leaves are shorter-stalked and the uppermost are sessile, much smaller and less dissected, with sheaths enclosing the stem. The complex umbels are about 15 cm in diameter, with 6-18 main rays, at the base with a sheath of linear-lanceolate and membranous leaves. Awns are about 1 cm wide. Its petals are about 1 mm long, obovate or elliptic. The fruits are 10-25 mm long, about 10 mm wide, ovoid to elliptical, slightly laterally flattened. Blooms in May-June and bears fruit in June - August. It is pollinated by insects and propagated by seeds. Distribution The species is distributed in Italy and the island of Sicily, Romania, Bulgaria, the Caucasus, Turkey, Armenia and Iran. In Bulgaria, it is found along the Black Sea coast - Medni Rid and Maslen nos, as well as on , up to about 300 m above sea level. It is an endangered species in Bulgaria, included in the Red Book of Bulgaria and in the . In northern Sicily it grows on limestone in association with endangered fungus Pleurotus nebrodensis.	2.359375
72930154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20T.%20Curiel	David T. Curiel	David Terry Curiel (born 1956) is an American cancer biologist. He is a professor of Radiation Oncology at Washington University School of Medicine and Director of the Biologic Therapeutics Center. In 1995, Curiel led a research team who were the first to develop a vaccine based on messenger RNA. Although they published proof of concept, he could not continue testing due to a lack of funding. In 2021, Curiel developed a vaccine that targets the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the nose. Early life and education Curiel was born in 1956 in the Douglasville, Georgia area. His father, a general practitioner, immigrated to the United States from the Dominican Republic. Curiel is of Jewish descent. Following high school, Curiel remained in his home state for his Bachelor of Science degree at West Georgia College and medical degree at the Emory University School of Medicine. Upon receiving his medical degree, Curiel completed his internship and residency at Emory in 1985 and his fellowships in pulmonary medicine and biotechnology at the National Institutes of Health in 1990. He enrolled at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands for his PhD.	2.421875
72930198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Funchess	David Funchess	Vietnam War experiences During Funchess's time in Vietnam, he was exposed to Agent Orange, a toxic herbicide, defoliant, and chemical agent linked to physical and neurological problems in veterans and their offspring. While on death row, Funchess told his sister that he had very few memories of his time in Vietnam but could remember watching a fellow Marine being decapitated by a missile, having his own body blown into the air by the force of a mortar explosion, and being ordered to shoot a pajama-clad elderly man who was too physically disabled to escape:Two and a half months into his service, Funchess received severe injuries to his ankle and leg from stepping on a land mine. A medical report described that he was medically evacuated to a naval hospital in Japan for three months and subsequently sent to a naval hospital in Virginia, where he was housed in a psychiatric ward with a diagnosis of "Psychoneurotic Depressive Reaction," a precursor to post-traumatic stress disorder. Sometime during Funchess's service, one of his brothers was murdered. He was given leave to attend his brother's funeral, but he did not return to duty at the scheduled time, causing him to be briefly listed as absent without leave (AWOL). This designation was lifted after he returned to combat. Following his hospital stay in Virginia, Funchess was again required to report back to active duty in January 1968, but he did not, leading to him again being listed as AWOL. His second designation as AWOL led to his dishonorable discharge, precluding him from receiving benefits from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. However, he received a Purple Heart due to his wounds. He also received the Vietnam Service Medal and the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal.	2.171875
72930198	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Funchess	David Funchess	Clemency hearing and death warrants On May 17, 1982, soon after Funchess's diagnoses, he and his attorneys attended a hearing before Florida Governor Bob Graham to request clemency. At the hearing, his attorneys argued that Funchess had been officially diagnosed twice with PTSD, which was not fully recognized during his trial and therefore could not have been used in his defense; at the time of his trial, the psychological effect of the Vietnam War on surviving veterans was not fully realized. Despite Funchess's two official diagnoses, Governor Graham denied Funchess's clemency plea. In a statement explaining his decision, Governor Graham claimed that PTSD "did not apply in Funchess's case." Some death penalty opponents accused Graham of basing his decision in Funchess's case on "political expediency," positing that his decision was rooted in the fact that at the time, he was campaigning for a seat in the United States Senate and knew that many of his constituents felt strongly in support of the death penalty. Later in 1982, Graham signed Funchess's first death warrant and the 36th overall warrant signed in his time in office, scheduling Funchess's execution to take place on July 20, 1982, but a federal judge issued an indefinite stay on July 18, postponing the execution.	2.03125
72930300	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrika%20Prasad%20Jigyasu	Chandrika Prasad Jigyasu	Chandrika Prasad 'Jigyasu' (1880s/1890s—1974) was an Indian anti-caste intellectual, Hindi-language writer, and publisher of Dalit literature. Early life Jigyasu was born in Lucknow, in a relatively prosperous low-caste family, belonging to the Kalwar caste. He was born sometime in the late 19th century: his biography by Angney Lal states his year of birth as 1889; anthropologist Maren Bellwinkel-Schempp states it to be 1885, and Sarah Beth Wilkerson (Hunt) states it to be 1899. His father Jiya Lal or Jijalal was well-educated and was the headmaster at the American Mission School. Jigyasu studied English and Sanskrit at school, and also began to learn Persian. However, he could not complete education beyond Class 10, after his father died when he was 11 years old. As a young adult, Jigyasu came under the influence of the Hindu reform movement Arya Samaj. He adopted the pen name Jigyasu ("one who is curious" or "one who enquires"). At the age of 16, he wrote his first book, on Maharana Pratap, which was published by the Arya Pustakalay from Bareilly. He worked on a translation of the Bhagavad Gita from Urdu into Hindi with commentary by Swami Ramatirtha. Later, he worked as a translator and a proof-reader for several well-established Hindi journals (such as Madhuri) and publishing houses (such as Ganga Pustak Mala) in Lucknow. Nationalist literature Inspired by the Indian independence movement, Jigyasu moved from mainstream Hindi publishing to writing nationalist pamphlets. He founded his own press, the Hindu Samaj Sudhar Karyalay (Hindu Society Reform Office).	2.46875
72930338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheiridopsis%20purpurea	Cheiridopsis purpurea	Cheiridopsis purpurea is a species of succulent plant from South Africa. It is found growing in the succulent Karoo vegetation type. Description This small and robus clump-forming succulent grows tall with a diameter of up to . It often becomes raggedy with age. The triangular leaves are paired, with both leaves in each pair being about the same size ( long). Cultivated specimens may have three pairs of leaves per branch, while those in the wild have one or two pairs per branch. The leaves are fused when young, separating as they mature. They are grey-green in colour with slightly crimped margins and are spotted with transparent dots. They have a keel, which may or may not have teeth. The old leaves form persistent corky brown sheaths that protect new growth when they dry out and die. Flowers are present between June and September. They are open between midday and sunset, closing for the night and morning. They have a diameter of about and are a bright magenta in colour. This species differs from others in this genus in that the petals do not fully unfold, but hide the stamens and feather stigmas. The anthers are grey. This plant forms a cylindrical 10-locular fruit. They have stiff bristles at the tips of the expanding keels. Distribution and habitat This species is endemic to the Northern Cape of South Africa. It has a range of less than between Karrachab and Maerfontein in the Richtersveld region. It is found growing in crevices in quartzite bands in sandstone areas. History and etymology This species was first described in 1931 by Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus. The scientific name refers to the colour of the flowers. Ecology This plant is pollinated by insects.	2.609375
72930477	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Country%20Club%20of%20Virginia	The Country Club of Virginia	The Country Club of Virginia (CCV) is a private country club located in Richmond, Virginia. Spanning 1,111 acres, it contains three eighteen-hole golf courses, two clubhouses, and numerous other sport and recreational facilities. The club was founded in 1908, and its first clubhouse and Herbert Barker-designed golf course were completed in Richmond's Westhampton neighborhood in 1910. Its James River Course, designed by William Flynn, opened in 1928; it has hosted many prominent events, including the 1955 and 1975 U.S. Amateurs and, since 2016, the annual Dominion Energy Charity Classic. A third course, the Tuckahoe Creek Course, opened in 1988. History Formation and early years While golf is known to have been introduced to the Americas as early as the 1650s, it wasn't until the last two decades of the nineteenth century that the sport saw a boom in popularity in the region. Around the same time, the first country clubs in the United States were formed by groups of upper-class elites seeking community and recreation amid growing suburbanization. By 1903, a number of such clubs, devoted to golf and other activities, emerged in the vicinity of Richmond, Virginia. Among them were the Deep Run Hunt Club, Lakeside Country Club, and Hermitage Golf Club, none of whom owned their own facilities at the time. Inspired by the success of large clubs in cities like St. Louis and Baltimore, a group of citizens proposed consolidating the existing organizations into one entity and purchasing land on which to build a clubhouse and other amenities.	2.046875
72930779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia%20Department%20of%20Labor%20and%20Industry	Virginia Department of Labor and Industry	The Virginia Department of Labor and Industry is the executive branch agency of the state government responsible for administering labor and employment laws and programs in the U.S. state of Virginia. Background Established by the Virginia General Assembly in 1898, the agency is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia and is overseen by the Virginia Secretary of Labor, with day-to-day operations led by an agency commissioner appointed by the Governor of Virginia. The mission of the agency is "to make Virginia a better place in which to work, live, and conduct business." Departments and divisions within the agency include a Labor Law Division, Virginia Occupational Safety and Health (VOSH) Compliance, and Boiler Safety Compliance Division. The agency administers occupational health and safety programs, and funds registered apprenticeship and job training programs in the state. The agency also administers child labor, minimum wage, and other labor laws. The Virginia Apprenticeship Council and the Safety and Health Codes Board are the advisory bodies formally constituted in the Code of Virginia which are affiliated with the agency. The agency is currently led by Gary G. Pan, who has served as commissioner since 2022.	2.234375
72931174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delores%20Ann%20Richburg%20Greene	Delores Ann Richburg Greene	Delores Ann Richburg Greene (January 29, 1936 – April 11, 2022) was an American educator based in Virginia. She was a dean of two colleges of education, at Virginia Union University and at Virginia State University. Early life and education Richburg was born in Petersburg, Virginia, the daughter of Robert Richburg and Mildred Mercille Wynn Richburg. She graduated from Peabody High School in 1953. She earned a bachelor's degree in music education and a master's degree in elementary education at Virginia State University, with a 1965 master's thesis on the SRA Reading Laboratory. She completed an Ed.D. at the University of Virginia in 1977, with a doctoral dissertation on curriculum plans. Career Greene taught music in Virginia schools early in her career. She was assistant superintendent for elementary education in Richmond Public Schools. After she retired from schoolwork in 1993, she was Dean of Interdisciplinary Studies in the College of Education at Virginia Union University. In 2004, she became dean of Professional Education in the College of Education at her alma mater, Virginia State University. She retired a second time in 2014. Greene was a member of Delta Sigma Theta and Pi Lambda Theta. She served on the boards of the Virginia Center for Educational Leadership and the Richmond Children’s Museum, among other advisory positions, and co-founded the African American Critical Issues Network. She was named YWCA Woman of the Year in Education in 2000, and was honored by the United Negro College Fund, Kappa Delta Pi, and the Martha Mason Hill Memorial Foundation. Personal life Delores Richburg married fellow educator Robert Taylor Greene in 1960. They had a son, Robert Jr., and a daughter, Michele. Her husband died in 1996, and Greene died in 2022, at the age of 86.	1.984375
72931245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raynald%20of%20Belleville	Raynald of Belleville	Arriving Hungary, Raynald entered the service of King Andrew II of Hungary by 1213, when he already held the dignity of provost of the cathedral chapter of Várad (present-day Oradea Mare, Romania). In that year, Raynald performed a diplomatic mission to the Kingdom of England. According to a register, John, King of England instructed his treasury officials in October 1213 to take care of the expenses of diplomats residing in the country, Simon, a nepos of papal legate Niccolò de Romanis and provost Raynald, envoy of the Hungarian king. The officials were to provide Raynald with two horses and two saddles. The provost then belonged to the entourage of John, who left Westminster for Freemantle in those days. The goal of his mission was a proposed marriage between Andrew's son and heir Duke Béla and one of the daughters of King John. A record of the Regestrum Varadinense from 1215 mentions Raynald as provost of Várad too; he judged over a trial by ordeal (of red-hot iron), acquitting the accused local from Gyán. Historian Dániel Bácsatyai considered Reynald was perhaps also a member of that Hungarian delegation led by John, Archbishop of Esztergom, which was present in England on 7 July 1220, when Thomas Becket's remains were moved from his first tomb to a shrine, in the recently completed Trinity Chapel. Raynald held the provostship of Várad until 1222. In addition, he also possessed an undetermined benefice in Transylvania, while serving as provost.	2.546875
72931245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raynald%20of%20Belleville	Raynald of Belleville	Raynald had a conflict of jurisdiction with the Kolozsmonostor Abbey, disputing the Benedictines' privileges and exemptions, similarly to his predecessors Adrian and William. Pope Honorius ordered an investigation in June 1222, because Raynald's predecessors did not shy away from physical atrocity to assert their perceived rights. The pope directly subordinated the abbey to the Holy See. Unlike the two aforementioned bishops, Raynald tried to assert his episcopal jurisdiction through legal means instead of violence. Around 1228, he petitioned to the Roman Curia and Pope Gregory IX entrusted his papal legate sub-deacon Egidius to mediate between the two parties on the spot. Both the Benedictine monks and Raynald appealed to the Roman Curia. The papal legate summoned them to Rome in November 1231, but only a representative of Raynald appeared there. Thereafter, Pope Gregory entrusted Bulcsú Lád, the Bishop of Csanád to investigate the jurisdictional conflict in September 1232, but the abbot refused to attend again. Papal legate James of Pecorara was granted the same mandate in October 1232. Both parties appeared before the pope's envoy in Buda. According to the abbot, Raynald ignored and violated the monastery's privileges and rights, while Raynald accused the convention of violating his episcopal rights, usurping the tithe. Cardinal Otto of Tonengo took over the litigation from James in 1234. The pope delegated Bulcsú Lád and two other clerics – the Bishop of Cumania (possibly Theodoric) and the provost of Bethlen (present-day Beclean, Romania) – to judge over the lawsuit in November 1235. In accordance with the verdict, the right of tithe collection remained to the abbot on the estates of the Kolozsmonostor Abbey, which was permanently placed under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Esztergom.	1.976563
72931301	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow%20Grove%2C%20New%20Brunswick	Willow Grove, New Brunswick	Willow Grove is a settlement in New Brunswick, Canada, that was founded in 1815 or 1817 by Black refugees from the United States. It is located in Simonds Parish in Saint John County. History The majority of residents of Willow Grove were freed American slaves who were granted freedom in exchange for fighting for the British in the War of 1812. Alexander Cochrane, the commander in chief of the Royal Navy in North America stated in 1814 that "All those who may be disposed to emigrate from the United States will, with their families, be received on board of His Majesty's ships or vessels of war, or at the military posts that may be established, upon or near the coast of the United States." The Government of the United Kingdom's initial plans to provide land to Black loyalists was thwarted by the Government of Nova Scotia, who did not want more Black residents. The UK government next sought support from the Government of New Brunswick. New Brunswick Administrator Major General Stracey Smyth brought the matter to the Executive Council, and "Although the Council agreed by a vote of 3 to 2 to accept the refugees, the New Brunswick government was very reluctant to assume any responsibility for their welfare." Thousands of loyalists were accepted, of which 371 went to Willow Grove, having been promised fertile land for farming. The 50 acre plots given to the Black residents less than the 100 acre plots given to white arrivals from the US and the land in Willow Grove was not fertile. Willow Grove is the location of the Black Settlement Burial Ground. Along with Amber Valley, Alberta, Willow Grove was featured on a Canadian postage stamp celebrating Black History Month in 2021.	2.78125
72931373	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed%20a%20cold%2C%20starve%20a%20fever	Feed a cold, starve a fever	"Feed a cold, starve a fever" is an adage or a wives' tale which attempts to instruct people how to deal with illness. The adage dates to the time of Hippocrates when fever was not well understood. His idea was the fever was the disease, and starving the sick person would starve the disease. In 1574, John Withals published "Fasting is a great remedie of feuer" in a dictionary. The adage states that eating will help cure a cold; not eating will help cure a fever. Background Going back to the time of Hippocrates, many people thought that fever was a disease in and of itself. His treatment of patients with fever was said to be starvation. The Greek physician has been credited with coming up with the idea, "Feed a cold and starve a fever". Hippocrates thought that starving the fever was a way to starve the disease. He said "The more you feed a diseased body, the worse you make it." Some scholars believe that the interpretation of the adage is, "If you stuff a cold, you will have a fever to starve". Others interpret it literally. Nobody knows for certain where the phrase originated. The first known publication of the adage was in John Withals's 1574 book, A shorte dictionarie most profitable for yong beginners. In the book Withals includes the phrase, "Fasting is a great remedie of feuer". History In a 1942 paper published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, the "feed a cold, starve a fever" adage was determined to be justified according to medical knowledge. In BBC Science Focus, an article discussed the positive effects of a ketogenic diet on illness. But they also state that there "may be a thread of scientific truth to the old adage 'feed a cold, starve a fever". In 2002, what is believed to be the only study yet conducted into the adage was undertaken in The Netherlands. This appeared to support the belief, though was not large enough to draw conclusions about a population.	2.6875
72931505	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20von%20Quadt-Wykradt-Isny	Friedrich von Quadt-Wykradt-Isny	Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Quadt zu Wykradt und Isny (23 December 1818 – 24 October 1892) was a Bavarian politician and diplomat. Early life Quadt was born in Isny on 23 December 1818. He was the son of Count [[Wilhelm von Quadt-Wykradt-Isny and Maria Anna, Countess von Thurn-Valsassina. His elder brother, Bavarian Reichsrat Otto von Quadt-Wykradt-Isny, married Countess Marie von Schönburg-Forderglauchau (a daughter of Alban von Schönburg-Forderglauchau). He attended high school in Kempten before attending the University of Munich. Career He served as interim chargé d'affaires in St. Petersburg, Hanover and Paris. In 1848 he was a member of the Pre-Parliament. From 1860, he was Bavarian Envoy in Hanover, from 1867 in Brussels, and from 1868 to 1870 in Paris. In 1871, he was the Bavarian envoy at the peace negotiations in Brussels and signed the protocol to the peace treaty with France in Berlin. He was a Centre Party member of the German Reichstag from 1874 to 1877 for the constituency of Middle Franconia and from 1881 to 1884 for the constituency of Swabia. Personal life On 31 January 1854, he married Sophie van der Mark (1818–1856), widow of the Count of Panisse-Passis and daughter of Jean Baptiste Agapit van der Mark and Marie Françoise Amélie Lanchère de la Glanderie. Before her death in 1856, they were the parents of: Maria Wilhelmine von Quadt-Wykradt-Isny (1854–1914) Otto Gebhard Lothar von Quadt-Wykradt-Isny (1856–1928) He married, secondly, to Marianne, Countess of Rechberg and Rothenlöwen (1834–1910), daughter of Count Albert von Rechberg (president of the First Chamber of the Estates of Württemberg) and his wife and cousin, Countess Walpurga Marie Julie von Rechberg (1809-1883), in Donzdorf on 1 June 1858. Together, they were the parents of:	2.03125
72931674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharlika%20Nation	Maharlika Nation	Currency The Maharlika Nation produces and recognize the G Zion as its currency and legal tender. G-Zion stands for "Golden Zion". As of January 2020, the nation claims the value of one G-Zion is equivalent to 200 Philippine peso. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the Philippines' central bank, does not recognize the G-Zion as a legal tender. The currency is produced and distribution by the Maharlika Nation's International Tribal Bank. Its denomination ranges from 1 G-Zion to 100,000 G-Zion. Beliefs and practices The Maharlika Nation professed belief in Jesus Christ and Bathala. They advocate for a simple and natural life, prohibiting its members from consuming alcohol, cigarettes, and illegal drugs. They prohibit jewelry, shorts, makeup, colored hair and tattoos for its members. Women members specifically are compelled to wear skirts and are barred from wearing what it deems as "sexy clothing". Status Indigenous people recognition The Maharlika Nation is a registered entity under the Philippine government's Securities and Exchange Commission. According to the Socorro Mayor Felizardo Galameda, the group had unsuccessfully attempted to get registered as a people's organization. The Maharlika Nation claims itself to be self-governing under the IPRA law. However the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples release a statement that it does not recognize an ancestral domain by an IP community in the town of Socorro where the Maharlika Nation is based. The NCIP says that as per its own research, there is no evidence that the Maharlikans of the Maharlika Nation constitute an ethnolinguistic groups. The Maharlika Nation says that the NCIP is discriminating against it, insisting that the NCIP does not understand the traditions of the Maharlikans.	2.15625
72931845	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel%20Silva%20%28writer%29	Abel Silva (writer)	Abel Silva (born 28 February 1945) is a Brazilian poet, composer, and lyricist best known for his books of poetry including "Berro em Surdina" and his collaborations as a lyricist with Sueli Costa, João Donato, Dominguinhos, João Bosco, Fagner, Moraes Moreira and Roberto Menescal. Silva has won two "Prêmio da Música Brasileira" awards for his songs "Voz de mulher", co-written with Sueli Costa and recorded by Edson Cordeiro, and "Sempre você", co-written with and recorded by Dominguinhos. Silva's songs have been recorded by Elis Regina, Simone, Gal Costa, Morais Moreira, Fagner, Emílio Santiago, João Donato, Zizi Possi, Luiz Gonzaga, Nélson Gonçalves and Nara Leão, among others. Silva's lyrics include the Brazilian contemporary standard "Simples Carinho" written to João Donato's melody and harmonized by Donato for the recording by Angela Rô Rô. Raios de luz, written with Cristóvão Bastos, was first recorded by Simone. It was the theme song for the Brazilian television series De Corpo e Alma and appeared in Xou da Xuxa. In 1999, the song was released by Barbra Streisand, with the English lyrics "Let's Start Right Now"; Festa do interior (performed by Moraes Moreira) had more than 20 recordings outside Brazil. Career In the 1970s, Silva was a professor of Brazilian Literature at UFRJ and at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. During this time, he was the culture editor for the newspaper "Opinião". In 1975, he launched, with Capinam, the cultural magazine "Anima". In 2006, a public exhibition of 80 works of art inspired by popular Brazilian songs was displayed at the Paço de São Cristóvão Imperial Palace, Rio de Janeiro. The Brazilian artist Adão Iturrusgarai, a cartoonist and comics artist, contributed his illustration of Abel Silva's lyrics "Simples Carinho" which read "I want to see you / because last night / daydreaming / I slept with you", with a daring design.	1.945313
72933428	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodorus%20Pasparus	Diodorus Pasparus	MDAI(A) 35, p. 409, no. 2 seems to recall this diplomatic activity at a later date. Gymnasiarch IPergamon II 256 honours Pasparus for his service as gymnasiarch (manager of the city's four gymnasia) and organiser of the 29th celebration of the Nicephoria festival, which was the first to take place after a war, and was passed immediately after the festival, while he was still in office. Older scholarship placed this in 125 BC in the aftermath of Aristonicus' revolt, but C. P. Jones established that the correct date is 69 BC, following the end of the Third Mithridatic War in Asia. The decree was passed while Pasparus was still in office as gymnasiarch and it orders a marble statue to be erected in his honour in the gymnasium of the young men (the base of this survives as MDAI(A) 32, p. 313 no. 36) and a bronze cult statue in an uncertain location. Sacrifices are to be offered to Diodorus next to the cult statue, both statues are to be given a headband and a crown whenever other statues receive those honours, and Diodorus is to receive a crown each year at the Hermaea festival, which marked the end of the gymnasiarch's year of office.	2.15625
72934089	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/57%20Tauri	57 Tauri	57 Tauri, also known as h Tauri and V483 Tauri, is a star 148 light years from the Earth, in the constellation Taurus. It is a 5th magnitude star, so it will be visible to the naked eye of an observer located far from city lights. 57 Tauri is a member of the Hyades star cluster. It is a Delta Scuti variable star, whose brightness changes slightly, ranging from magnitude 5.55 to 5.59. In 1908, Lewis Boss listed 57 Tauri as a member of the Hyades cluster based upon its proper motion agreeing with the motions of other cluster members. Its membership in the cluster was firmly established forty-four years later by Hendrik van Bueren, using both proper motion and radial velocity. 57 Tauri is located 10.8 light years from the core of the Hyades cluster. Robert Millis discovered that 57 Tauri is a variable star, in 1967. He reported that the amplitude varied by 0.02 magnitudes with a period of 1.5 hours. In 1972, it was given the variable star designation V483 Tauri. A year 2000 study of 57 Tauri, based on 54 nights of photometric data, identified twelve pulsation frequencies ranging in period from 58.6 minutes to 6.17 days. In 1999, Anthony Kaye discovered that 57 Tauri is a spectroscopic binary by examining 139 high signal-to-noise spectra obtained at Kitt Peak.	2.28125
72934154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Wrana	Jeff Wrana	Jeffrey L. Wrana is a Canadian cancer researcher. He is the CIBC Breast Cancer Research Scientist and Mary Janigan Research Chair in Molecular Cancer Therapeutic at Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto (U of T). As a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Medical Genetics and Microbiology at U of T, Wrana was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Early life and education Wrana is a native to Scarborough, Ontario, Canada. He completed his Bachelor of Science degree at the University College, Toronto in 1984 and his PhD in 1991 at the University of Toronto (U of T). Following his PhD, Wrana completed his postdoctoral training at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 1990 to 1995. As a postdoctoral fellow, he wrote a seminal paper explaining how one signalling rogue molecule in cancers could communicate with other cells. Career Following his postdoctoral fellowship, Wrana accepted a research position at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto. Working alongside Liliana Attisano, Wrana co-discovered that the mutation of the MADR2 gene was responsible for some forms of colon cancer. Upon accepting a professorship position at his alma mater, Wrana began focusing on the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-) family of cell signalling proteins that regulate cell growth and function. In his laboratory, Wrana helped to define the components of the TGF-ß signalling pathway and determine how its receptors are internalized by cells. Beyond U of T, Wrana also continued to work as a Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Research Scholar. Wrana's efforts were recognized with the 2005 Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. He was also awarded a seven-year Tier 1 Canada Research Chair (CRC) in Medical Genetics and Microbiology at U of T. In his first year as a CRC, Wrana was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada's Division of Life Sciences.	2.078125
72935042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20Brigham%20Young%20University%20LGBTQ%20history	Timeline of Brigham Young University LGBTQ history	1962 – The apostles Spencer W. Kimball and Mark E. Peterson tell BYU president Ernest L. Wilkinson that no student suspected of experiencing homosexual feelings should be allowed to attend BYU. 1962 – BYU president Ernest L. Wilkinson states in a speech to the student body that people with homosexual feelings will not be allowed to enroll or remain as students, since they contaminate the campus. 1963 – Elouise Bell begins teaching in the BYU English Department. Bell lived with and was in a long-term relationship with Provo High School teacher Margo E. LeVitre for many of her years at BYU, which she apparently kept secret from the university administration. In 2015, after her retirement, Bell married Nancy R Jefferis. 1964 – Apostle Kimball addresses seminary and institute faculty in a July 10 speech on BYU campus titled "A Counselling Problem in the Church", in which he calls homosexuality a "malady", "disease", and an "abominable and detestable crime against nature" that was "curable" by "self mastery." He cites one lay bishop (a businessman by trade) assigned by the church to administer a "program of rehabilitation" through which there had been "numerous cures." He says "the police, the courts, and the judges" have referred "many cases directly" to the church. 1965 – Kimball again addresses homosexuality in his January 5 BYU speech "Love vs. Lust." He calls it a "gross", "heinous", "obnoxious", "abominable" "vicious" sin. The text states that those with homosexual "desires and tendencies" could "correct" and "overcome" it "the same as if he had the urge toward petting or fornication or adultery", but that "the cure ... is like the cure for alcoholism, subject to continued vigilance." In the speech he states BYU "will never knowingly enroll ... nor tolerate ... anyone with these tendencies who fails to repent", and that it is a "damnable heresy" for a homosexual person to say "God made them that way." He also states that sometimes masturbation is an introduction to homosexuality.	2.09375
72935042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20Brigham%20Young%20University%20LGBTQ%20history	Timeline of Brigham Young University LGBTQ history	1997 – A poll of over 400 BYU students finds that 42% of students believe that even if a same-sex attracted person keeps the honor code, they should not be allowed to attend BYU and nearly 80% say they would not live with a roommate attracted to people of the same sex. However, the poll's stated 5 percent margin of error was criticized as being too low an estimate because of the cluster sampling in classes. 1997 – The university newspaper publishes an article featuring several openly gay students. A lesbian student came out to her roommates, and one moved out because of it. A housing manager said that some students panic when they find out their roommate is attracted to some people of the same sex, and he advised them to go to the Honor Code Office. The Honor Code Office director Rush Sumpter stated that BYU forbids actions of verifiable, overt displays of gay affection, but does not punish attractions. One student stated she tried to pray her feelings away, and another said her parents sent her to BYU in an attempt to straighten out her homosexual feelings. 1998 – Out gay student Sam Clayton graduates from BYU after activism in helping organize the LGBT student group "Open Forum" and conducting sociological surveys on LGBT topics at BYU. He reports threats of expulsion from BYU administrators.	1.984375
72935618	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibon%20irmelindicaprioae	Sibon irmelindicaprioae	Sibon irmelindicaprioae is a species of nonvenomous snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae. It is endemic to Panama. It was discovered by Ecuadorian biologist Alejandro Arteaga and Panamanian biologist Abel Batista in 2023. Sibon irmelindicaprioae belongs to the genus Sibon, and subfamily Dipsadinae. It is also called DiCaprio’s snail-eating snake. This snake is found in the Chocó-Darién Gap forests of eastern Panama and western Colombia. Its habitat is the humid tropical climate. DiCaprio’s Snail-eating snake was found foraging on shrubs, trees and palm fronds 200–300 cm above the ground. The S. irmelindicaprioae is named after Leonardo DiCaprio and his mother Irmelin Indenbirken. This snake hides their head and gives off a pungent odor to repel predators. This snake is genetically similar to other snakes, but is different enough to qualify as a new species. It is described as red-eyed with vibrant brown and white striped skin. When threatened, it hides its head and releases a musky odor to ward off predators. This snake is currently threatened by gold and copper mining. Arteaga and Batista describes this snake as "near threatened" based on the IUCN's Red List criteria. As of 2023 only 54% of its habitat remains.	2.296875
72935664	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimli%20%28mountain%29	Gimli (mountain)	Gimli is a mountain summit located in the Valhalla Ranges of the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. Gimli is the sixth-highest point in the Valhalla Ranges, with the highest being Gladsheim Peak, to the north-northwest. It is situated in southern Valhalla Provincial Park, east of Gimli Peak, and west of Slocan and Slocan Lake. Gimli is more notable for its steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation as topographic relief is significant with the summit rising 1,500 meters (4,920 ft) above Mulvey Creek in . History The name "Valhalla Mountains" first appeared in George Mercer Dawson's Geological Survey of Canada map published in 1890. Dawson applied names derived from Scandinavian mythology to several of the mountain ranges and peaks in Southern Kootenay. This landform's toponym was officially adopted as "Mount Dag" on March 3, 1971, at the request of the Kootenay Mountaineering Club, but it was officially changed to Gimli on April 29, 1998, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada at the request of local residents. According to Norse mythology, Gimli is the place where the righteous survivors of Ragnarök (doomsday when heaven and earth are destroyed) are foretold to live. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, Gimli has a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Slocan River.	2.40625
72936528	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TF-SIF%20%28Dash%208%29	TF-SIF (Dash 8)	Sif, also known as TF-SIF, is a Bombardier Dash 8-Q-314 turboprop-powered surveillance and rescue aircraft operated by the Icelandic Coast Guard since 2009. It is named after Sif, the golden-haired goddess from Norse mythology and is the fourth Coast Guard aircraft to bear the name. History In early 2005, the Icelandic government decided to purchase a new aircraft for the Coast Guard to replace the almost 30-year old Syn, a Fokker F27 Friendship 200, in collaboration with the Swedish government which was in need of similar aircraft. Its purchase price was 4.3 billion ISK (32 million USD). Four years later, in July 2009, Sif arrived and was considered one of the most technological advanced aircraft of her kind that was used for civilian tasks such as search, surveillance and rescue. Due to budget cuts following the 2008 Icelandic financial collapse, Sif was frequently leased to Frontex to fly border control missions. In 2010, Sif spent more than half the year on projects abroad, almost all of 2011 and more than five months in 2012. In the first years after the financial crash, the Coast Guard received a quarter of its income from abroad for leasing Sif and other assets. Despite improved economic situations, Sif was leased abroad every year through 2022, from just over a month to half a year. During its Frontex mission in 2018, Sif participated in the rescue of 900 refugees during a span of month in 2018. The following year, it participated in the rescue of 1,300 refugees during a three-month mission in the Mediterranean Sea.	1.90625
72937098	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanger	Melanger	A melanger (or melangeur, from French: mélangeur, lit. "blender") is a stone-grinder that is used in chocolate-making. It typically consists of two granite wheels, which rotate inside a metal drum on top of a granite base. Given enough time the wheels can reduce the particles to sizes measured in microns, therefore making a smooth chocolate paste from cocoa beans. Stone grinding tools have been widely used in history to make food. In Mesoamerica, cocoa was ground using a metate. Industrialization in the late 18th century favored the use of larger and water powered machines. The first melanger prototype was invented in 1811 by a French engineer named Poincelet. It was soon adopted all over Europe. In 1819, François Pelletier powered a grinder and a melanger with a steam engine. This allowed him to produce 76 kilos of chocolate in twelve hours, a quantity which typically required 7 workers at the time. In 1826, the melanger was also adopted (and perhaps further developed) by Philippe Suchard in his chocolate factory in Neuchâtel. Nowadays melangers tend to be used by small chocolate manufacturers only. Melangers can be both used as refiners and conches. Tabletop wet grinders are smaller versions of the melanger.	2.6875
72937577	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules%20for%20traffic%20lights	Rules for traffic lights	Inactive lights Traffic light failure in most jurisdictions in Australia and countries in Europe must be handled by drivers as a priority-to-the-right intersection, or an all-way stop elsewhere, pending the arrival of a police officer to direct traffic. In Armenia, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland (and Liechtenstein), Turkey, and Ukraine, traffic lights may have additional right-of-way signs mounted above, below or next to the traffic lights; these take effect when the lights are no longer active or are flashing amber. A flashing amber traffic light usually indicates you have a yield or stop sign as a redundant sign, while a turned-off traffic light usually indicates you have the right-of-way. In the UK and parts of North America, drivers simply treat the junction as being uncontrolled when traffic lights fail, giving way as appropriate, unless a police officer is present. In much of the United States failed traffic signals must be treated as all-way stop intersections. In the US, traffic lights inactive at night time emit an amber-coloured flashing signal in directions owing priority while the intersecting street emits a flashing red light, requiring drivers to stop before proceeding. Enforcement Red light cameras	2.59375
72937577	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules%20for%20traffic%20lights	Rules for traffic lights	In some countries, red light cameras are used for either the driver or the vehicle's owner. An automated camera is connected to the triggering mechanism for the corresponding traffic light, which is programmed to photograph a vehicle and driver crossing against the light. Either the driver or the vehicle's owner (depending on the locale) are fined for the violation. In some jurisdictions, including the United States and Italy, private companies have been contracted to operate traffic-related cameras and receive a portion of the resulting revenues. In some cases, red light cameras have been abused by local governments, where vehicle operators have been fined as a result of traffic systems that have been improperly modified. Despite the fact that cameras can reduce the number of crashes, it has been proven that at these intersections drivers tended to react quicker to an amber light change when stopping. The consequence of this change could be a slight decline in the intersection capacity. Red light cameras in New South Wales, Australia, are activated only if a motorist enters an intersection 0.3 seconds after the light has turned red. Confirmation lights	2.65625
72937577	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules%20for%20traffic%20lights	Rules for traffic lights	Another way police officers have begun to combat red light runners is with blue or white Confirmation Lights. These lights can be seen from any angle in an intersection and are typically utilised by emergency responders who actuate traffic signal preemption devices to verify that other motorists are facing a red signal. However, confirmation lights also assist officers – who do not have to have a line of sight with a red light – to catch vehicles illegally entering an intersection. They are only lit when the red light on the same signal head is on. Some intersections will also have multiple confirmation lights for a single direction of travel if there are different signals for different directions. These lights are separate from the main ones, often protruding above or below the main traffic light, and are much smaller than a standard light to help avoid confusion. In the Netherlands, many red traffic signals can be seen from the side via a small bulbous window, indicating to drivers (and police officers) whether the signal in the crossing direction is actually red or not, by simply leaking out some of the red light through the side of the traffic signal. This has gradually become less common as traditional incandescent signals are replaced by LED signals, while increasingly red light cameras are used to detect driving-through-red violations.	2.65625
72938131	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian%20blue-banded%20kingfisher	Malaysian blue-banded kingfisher	The Malaysian (or Malayan) blue-banded kingfisher (Alcedo peninsulae) is a species of kingfisher in the subfamily, Alcedininae. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and rivers. It is found in Myanmar, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. Description It is a small-sized bird at 20 cm on average, but comparatively larger than other species of the kingfisher in similar regions, with a relatively long bill and a short tail. The bird is 17–20.5 cm in length with the bill measuring 45.0–50.8 mm and the tarsus 11.9–13.7 mm. Plumage Adults of this species can be identified by their white throat and a white patch on the neck that connects to a narrow collar of reddish-brown feathers at the back. Their crown, wings, and upper tail feathers are bluish-black and often have small speckles of bright blue or a light brownish yellow on the crown and shoulder feathers. The tail is 35–40 mm, and the wings are 79–92 mm. The back feathers are silvery-blue, which stands out from the rest of their upper body. The juvenile plumage of the Malaysian Blue-banded Kingfisher is similar to the adult, but duller in color. Sexual dimorphism This species shows sexual dimorphism, with males having a variable broad blue band across their chest on a white underbelly, whereas females have dull reddish-brown underparts and lack the distinctive breast band of the males. Both typically have a brighter blue patch of feathers on their cheeks compared to the crown, however, females may have some reddish feathers mixed in. Additionally, females tend to have more extensive reddish areas around their eyes and a less vibrant, more brownish hue to their wings and head feathers.	2.75
72938302	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva%20Wigstr%C3%B6m	Eva Wigström	Wigström's first attempts at having her work published in Sweden were unsuccessful. She therefore turned to Denmark where she had received training in folklore collection at the folk high school Askov Højskole, in particular from the ethnographer Svend Grundtvig. It was with his assistance that her first book Folkminnen 1 was published. Accounts of her travels were first published in the Danish journal Höjskolebladet before appearing in Swedish. In addition to her work as a folklorist, Wigstöm published poetry from 1866, initially in the children's magazine Linnea, tidning för barn. She went on to publish almost a hundred poems and prose items, contributing to children's journals including Lekkamraten, Småskolevännen and Folkskolans barntidning. Her contributions for adults on education and women's rights were published in Allehanda för folket, Framåt, and Dagny. Her portrayals of folk life were published in 1899 in Från herresäten och bondgårdar, sägner och berättelser (From mansions and farm houses, legends and stories, 1899) and in 1891 in Allmogeseder i Rönnebärgs härad på 1840-talet (Rural folk customs in the Rönnebärg district in the 1840s). The family later settled in Helsingborg where Claes ran a book-keeping school. One of their daughters founded a private girls' school there where from 1877 to 1890 Wigström worked as a teacher, continuing to collect folklore during the holidays. Eva Wigström died on 5 January 1901 in Helsingborg.	2.671875
72938400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia%20Tango%20Piatti	Virginia Tango Piatti	Early life and education Virginia Sofia Cristina Emilia Maria Tango was born on 21 September 1869, in Florence, in the Kingdom of Italy to Paola Tarizzo Borgialli and Vincenzo Tango. Her father was a nobleman from Naples, who worked for the royal court in the finance division and in 1897 became the Attorney General of the Court of Auditors in Rome. Her mother was a noblewoman from Turin and the daughter of Antonio Tarizzo Borgialli, Controller of the Royal Finance Department, who had trained her husband at the start of his career. Tango was the youngest of three daughters. The oldest sister Eleonora married Cesare Tallone, a painter and professor at the Brera Academy of Fine Arts. The middle daughter, Antonietta, married Carlo Ambrogio Poggi, a lawyer and magistrate. The nature of her father's employment caused the family to move often in his early career, resulting in Tango's lack of formal education, although she was able to study briefly at a school run by French nuns in Rome. She studied literature, art, and music from her father's collections and those of the royal houses for which he worked. She was a talented artist, sculptor and pianist, and from a young age engaged in political discussions with visitors to the family home. After settling permanently in Rome in 1897, the family summered at her mother's estates in Alpignano.	2.765625
72938400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia%20Tango%20Piatti	Virginia Tango Piatti	Within the family's circle of friends were many women's rights activists, like Gigina Sioli Legnani Conti, founder of the Lyceum Club of Milan; Rosa Genoni, an activist involved in improving educational and employment opportunities for women; sisters Gina and , both of whom wrote about social issues impacting women and children; and Vanna Piccini, a writer who wrote about the disparity of men's and women's societal roles. Tango Piatti's first book, (1915, The Relics of an Unknown Man) dealt with themes of social inequality. During World War I she worked as a nurse at the Red Cross Hospital of Florence and contributed serial pieces about her experiences to the journal (National Review), which were published as a book (Diary of a Nurse) in 1919. After she moved to Paris, in the late 1930s she primarily translated juvenile literature and edited pacifist journals. Historian and professor at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sabrina Fava, listed among Tango Piatti's significant works in juvenile fiction (Rori and His Beasts, 1926) and (Four Dogs out for a Walk, 1931) and in theatrical comedies (Minimal Theater, 1924), (Laughing Masks, 1929), and (Little Tarin, 1952). In 1938, she published (The Factory of Happiness), a semi-autobiographical novel.	2.9375
72938478	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talysh%20mythology	Talysh mythology	Talysh mythology (Talysh: Толышә мифологијә, Tolışə mifoloqiyə) are complex mythological representations of the Talysh people. The Talysh mythological worldview carries a synthesis of the natural cult, the Zoroastrian religion reflected in the Avesta and the elements that came with Islam. Studying One of the earliest representations of the Talysh folklore is the work of the teacher Teimurbek Bayramalibekov in the "Collection of the Materials for Description of Places and Tribes of the Caucasus" in 1894–1899. In three articles Bayramalibekov described Talysh tales, legends and beliefs. In 1894, major general of Talysh origin Asad-bey Talyshkhanov living in Tbilisi helped the linguist and ethnographer Lev Lopatinsky in checking the Talysh texts he had collected in the Talysh language. Two texts in the Talysh language these are Talysh fairy tales - "Magic Apple" and "Coward" with a translation into Russian were published in the "Collection of the Materials for Description of Places and Tribes of the Caucasus". In 1930, the Iranianist scholar Boris Miller published Talysh anecdotes, short stories, songs, fairy tales, proverbs and a small Talysh-Russian-French dictionary in his work "Talysh Texts". During the period of the Great Purge of 1936-1938 the Talysh aristocracy - Zolfaghar Ahmadzadeh, Mirsalaev Boyukaga, Nasirli Muzaffar and Akhundov Shirali was repressed, Talysh schools, newspapers were closed, the very name of the people disappeared. During this period and until 1989 the Talysh people were ordered to be called Azerbaijanis, respectively this also affected folklore which was presented as Azerbaijani. After the collapse of the Soviet Union Talysh cultural activity intensified, Talysh fairy tales, mythological images and legends were published in books and opened Talysh newspapers, for example in the newspaper "Tolyshi Sado".	2.234375
72938653	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Walters%20%28tattoo%20artist%29	Rick Walters (tattoo artist)	Rick Walters (September 5, 1945 – March 4, 2019) was an American tattoo artist. He was known for his take on American traditional tattooing. Biography Rick Walters was born in Chicago, Illinois on September 5, 1945. He grew up in Hawthorne, California. In 1959, he went to the Pike, an amusement zone in Long Beach, California, and got a tattoo on his leg. He found work as a machinist and welder after high school. In his off time, he went to the Pike and learned tattooing under Bob Shaw, Owen Jensen, and Hong Kong Tom. From 1978 to 2002, Walters worked as the manager of Bert Grimm's World Famous Tattoo, the oldest continuously operated tattoo shop in the United States. After the closing of the shop, he retired for several months, but after having a heart attack, he went back to tattooing. In the 2010s, he opened a tattoo shop, Rick Walters' World Famous Tattoo Parlor, in Sunset Beach, California. He taught multiple tattoo artists in Southern California the rules and rites of American traditional tattooing. He died at the age of 73 on March 4, 2019. He had been battling health issues after doctors found blood clots in his lungs to add to myriad other ailments.	1.976563
72939464	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carr%27s%20Beach	Carr's Beach	Events at Carr's Beach were often broadcast on radio by Hoppy Adams (Charles W. Adams, Jr.), a disk jockey at Annapolis radio station, WANN (1190 AM). Late 1960s Carr's Beach was purchased and operated by new owners in the late 1960s. The resort, along with similar resorts catering to African American patrons, became less popular after the end of segregation. Between the late 1960s and 1973, Carr's Beach continued operations and presented performers like Led Zeppelin and Rare Earth. In 1973, Frank Zappa became the last musical act to perform at the resort. Carr's Beach closed in 1974. Legacy and preservation A mural commemorating Carr's Beach was unveiled in Annapolis on May 22, 2021. The mural, designed by artist Comacell Brown, is located on an exterior wall of StageOne at Park Place, a venue of the Maryland Cultural and Conference Center. In August 2022, the City of Annapolis acquired five bay-front acres that included the remains of Carr's Beach, Sparrow's Beach, and Elktonia Beach. The acquisition was a result of collaborative efforts of the Blacks of the Chesapeake Foundation, Chesapeake Conservancy, the City of Annapolis, the State of Maryland, and The Conservation Fund. Elktonia-Carr's Beach Heritage Park will be established as a public park.	2.359375
72939960	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang%20von%20Polheim	Wolfgang von Polheim	Wolfgang von Polheim (1458–1512), Lord of Polheim zu Wartenburg, Puchheim and Waldenfels, was an Austrian nobleman who was a close and life-long friend and counsellor of the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I. He was given senior positions in the Habsburg administration in Austria and was closely involved in Maximilian's diplomatic initiatives abroad. In 1490, he represented Maximilian at his proxy wedding to Anne of Brittany at Rennes. Polheim was a noted participant in jousts at tournaments, an enthusiasm he shared with Maximilian. He appears prominently, in a jousting context, in two works of art commissioned by Maximilian: the monumental woodcut, the Triumphal Procession, and in some of the miniature paintings of the Freydal tournament book. Biography In the late Middle Ages, the von Polheims were one of the oldest and most prestigious aristocratic families of Upper Austria. Wolfgang von Polheim was born in 1458, the third son of Weikhard von Polheim, lord of Polheim and Wartenburg, and his wife Barbara von Traun. As children, he and Archduke Maximilian of Habsburg, the future Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, became companions and friends. Maximilian was the son and heir of the Emperor Frederick III. Frederick appointed Polheim to be councillor and chamberlain to Maximilian and he remained in Maximilian's service, and continued to be his close and trusted friend, for the rest of his life.	2.015625
72939960	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang%20von%20Polheim	Wolfgang von Polheim	In 1477, Polheim accompanied Maximilian to the Low Countries for the latter's marriage at Ghent to Mary of Burgundy, heiress of Charles the Bold. For the next twelve years, Maximilian remained in the Low Countries trying to maintain his control over his wife's Burgundian inheritance in the face of French expansion and internal dissent. Polheim stayed with him. He campaigned with Maximilian to repulse Louis XI of France's attempts to seize the Burgundian territories but was taken prisoner by the French at the Battle of Guinegate in 1479. Maximilian complained about Polheim's treatment while he was a prisoner. In 1488, during one of the Flemish revolts against Maximilian, he and Polheim and several of Maximilian's other companions, were imprisoned at Bruges for 14 weeks. After Mary's death, Maximilian arranged to marry Anne of Brittany and, in 1490, Polheim represented him at the proxy wedding ceremony in Rennes as Maximilian was not present in person. As part of the symbolism of the proxy wedding, on the wedding night Polheim went to bed with Anne but wore a full suit of armour apart from on his right leg and hand. A sword was placed between them in the bed. According to the 19th-century German historian Hans von Zwiedineck-Südenhorst, "the not entirely normal role he played in this made him well-known in all the countries of Christendom". In 1494, Polheim himself got married, to Johanna van Borsselen, daughter of Wolfert VI van Borsselen and heiress to the lordship of Fallais.	2.328125
72940005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Mate	The Black Mate	“The Black Mate” is a work of short fiction by Joseph Conrad which first appeared in London Magazine in 1908, and was collected in Tales of Hearsay, published by T. Fisher Unwin in 1925. The work is notable as Conrad’s first published work of fiction. Plot Told as a first-person narrative, the story opens on the docks of London in the 1880s. The Sapphire, a merchant ship, has a new mate: Winston Bunter, a mature man in his late middle-age, whose jet-black hair earns him the sobriquet “The Black Mate.” The ship is commanded by the bitter and mean-spirited Captain Johns. The narrator of the tale repeatedly suggests that the mate has a secret which he carefully conceals: Bunter has dyed his prematurely white hair to black, so as not to look too old to be hired for a job that requires great vigor. During the voyage, a running debate develops between captain and mate. Captain John maintains that supernatural powers directly influence the lives of humans; the mate Bunter is skeptical, and emphatically denies the existence of ghosts. The captain is exasperated by his mate’s failure to convert to his spiritualism. Bunter has brought bottles of black hair dye, which he applies to maintain his more youthful appearance. In heavy weather, the bottles are broken: without these, Bunter knows his ruse will soon be exposed to the captain and crew. When Bunter accidentally falls from a ladder, cutting his head, he has an epiphany. Rising his hair, he reports to the captain that when climbing the ladder, he had seen a “manifestation”, that is, a ghost. The frightening vision, he confesses, has turned his hair white instantly: “You were right!” Captain Johns is triumphant and welcomes his new convert. The story ends happily. Bunter's wife inherits a legacy that provides enough for them to retire comfortably. Background	2.578125
72940488	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Fernandez%20%28American%20chess%20player%29	Daniel Fernandez (American chess player)	Daniel Fernandez (born May 9, 1985) is a Peruvian-American chess grandmaster. Early life Fernandez was born in Peru in 1985. His family moved to Fort Lauderdale in 1986. Chess career Fernandez began learning chess at age 6, and began competing in chess tournaments in the following year. He was coached by Larry Kaufman, and surpassed his older brother David, who was also competing in scholastic events. Kaufman stated that Fernandez was one of his students who earned the International Master title. At age 11, Fernandez was the youngest National Master in the United States. He began coaching students in Houston after becoming the youngest winner of the Florida State Championship at age 16. In 2009, he became the Texas State Champion. In January 2022, his Grandmaster title was finalized. Fernandez was a member of the University of Texas at Brownsville's chess team, where he studied economics and finance. In 2008, he suggested for program director Russell Harwood to give Axel Bachmann (then an International Master) a scholarship and a move to the United States.	2.0625
72940634	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Para%20Championships	European Para Championships	The European Para Championships is a multi-sport event contested by para-athletes from European nations. The championships have been awarded the status of regional games by the European Paralympic Committee and offer qualification opportunities for the Paralympic Games. The Championships are partly analogous with the European Games, taking place a year before the Paralympic Games and endorsed by the EPC, and with the European Championships in that they represent a combination of selected European championships in different sports. History The event is founded by Eric Kersten from the Netherlands. In 2019, he started with the idea of combining different European Championships in parasports after his company Team TOC organized the World Archery Championships back to back with the World Para Archery Championships in the city centre of Den Bosch. Editions The championships are planned to be held on a four-year cycle, taking place in the year proceeding the Summer Paralympic Games. The first edition of the championships was held in August 2023 in Rotterdam, Netherlands. As of February 2024, Turkey and Germany are bidding to host the 2027 edition. Sports The sports contested at the first European Para Championships are: para archery, para badminton, boccia, para cycling, goalball, para judo, para shooting, para taekwondo, wheelchair basketball, and wheelchair tennis.	2.453125
72941099	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faroe%20Islands%20Women%27s%20Volleyball%20League	Faroe Islands Women's Volleyball League	The Faroese Women's Volleyball Championship is an annual competition of the Faroese women's volleyball teams. It has been held since 1969. The Competitions are held in three divisions - Premier League, Division 1 and Division 2. The championships are organised by the Faroese Volleyball Union. Formula of the competition The 2021/22 Premier League championship was held in two stages - preliminary and final. In the preliminary stage the teams played in 3 rounds. The top two teams advanced to the final and in a series of two matches to determine the champion. In case of a tie, a "golden" set was provided. For victories 3-0 and 3-1 teams get 3 points, for winning 3-2 - 2 points, for defeat 2-3 - 1 point, for defeats 1:3 and 0-3 no points are awarded. Six teams participated in the 2021/22 Premier League Championship: "Flair" (Torshavn), SI (Sørvagur), "Drottur" (Midvagur), KIF (Kollafjörður), TB (Tvörojri), Mjölnir (Klaksvik). Flair won the championship title, beating SI 1-1 (3-2, 1–3) in the final series, the "gold" set 15–12. Third place went to Drottour. Winners list	2.25
72941917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiley%20H.%20Bates	Wiley H. Bates	Wiley H. Bates (August 1, 1859 - April 1, 1935) was an American businessman, civic leader, and philanthropist. Born into slavery in North Carolina, Bates himself did not receive formal education, yet he was a lifelong advocate and supporter of the education system in the city where he lived most of his adult life, Annapolis, Maryland. Bates served one term as an alderman on the Annapolis City Council starting in 1897. He was the third black man to be elected as an alderman. He was considered one of the wealthiest black residents of Annapolis at the time. Bates earned his money from the highly popular grocery store he owned off of Cathedral Street in Annapolis. Bates donated money to a lot of causes throughout his life. Most notably, he donated $500 for the purchasing of land for a new all-black high school, the first for black children in Anne Arundel County. The high school opened in 1932 bearing his name, Wiley H. Bates High School. Once Maryland schools were integrated by court order, the school then became Wiley H. Bates Middle School, until the school finally closed in 1981. The building has now been repurposed into a senior living facility, as well as housing the Annapolis Senior Center, and other community groups. Personal life Born into slavery, Wiley began working at a very young age. After the Civil War, he worked odd jobs on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and then the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Bates moved to Annapolis with his mother in the early 1870s after the death of his father. Prior to opening his own grocery store around 1883, Bates worked multiple different jobs in the oyster and crabbing industries in Annapolis. Wiley H. Bates married his first wife, Maggie (maiden name unknown) in 1884. They lived in a townhome across the street from his grocery store. After the death of Maggie in 1892, Bates later married Annie or "Addie" E. King on an unknown date. Annie also predeceased Wiley in 1921.	2.53125
72941961	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristina%20Shea	Kristina Shea	Kristina Shea is a mechanical engineer whose research topics include generative design, tensegrity structures, aquatic soft robotics, and 4D printing. She is a professor in the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering at ETH Zurich, where she holds the chair in Engineering Design and Computing. Education and career Shea studied mechanical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, earning a bachelor's degree in 1993, master's in 1995, and PhD in 1997. Her doctoral dissertation, Essays of Discrete Structures: Purposeful Design of Grammatical Structures by Directed Stochastic Search, was supervised by Jonathan Cagan. She came to Switzerland as a postdoctoral researcher at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, in the Applied Computing and Mechanics Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering. She became a lecturer in engineering design at the University of Cambridge, and then from 2005 to 2012 she was a professor of virtual product development at the Technical University of Munich, before taking her present position at ETH Zurich. Recognition Shea won the 2001 Philip Leverhulme Prize in Engineering. She is a Fellow of the ASME, elected in 2013.	2
72942092	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimassisteria	Minimassisteria	Minimassisteria is a marine bacterivorous genus of protists with only one species, M. diva, that presents three different lifestyle forms. It has a widespread geographic distribution. It is an amoeboflagellate most closely related to Massisteria, and together comprise the family Massisteriidae. Morphology and behavior Minimassisteria are trimorphic (i.e. with three forms) filose amoeboflagellates with two flagella. Their life cycle has a trophic phase that feeds by non-anastomosing filose pseudopodia (i.e. filopodia) that bear evident granules along their length. There is a distinct swimming form and, unlike its closest relative Massisteria, a crawling form with a thicker non-granular anterior filopodia used for traction. Feeding form. These cells, known as trophonts, have a flattened cell body attached to the substrate, measuring 2.3 to 5.0 μm in diameter. Between 1 and 15 delicately thin filopodia radiate from the cell body up to 52 μm in length, with up to 11 granules each, probably extrusomes. The cells are found aggregated over the substrate, where attached cells multiply by fission. Swimming form. The attached cells can change into sausage-shaped swimming cells, more slender than the trophonts, measuring 2 to 4.5 μm in size. They have one anterior and one trailing flagellum, each around 4 μm long, and can move relatively fast. Within a few minutes, swimming stages may attach to the substrate to reform as trophonts; if so, flagella are partly reabsorbed and therefore appear shorter than in swimming stages (less than 2 μm), are immotile and hard to see. This phase is still phagotrophic and capable of capturing bacteria. Crawling form. There is one major pseudopodium, thicker and shorter than in trophonts, with invisible granules. There is also a posterior flagellum that trails behind. Typically there are other thick pseudopods on either side of the cell.	2.640625
72942457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd%20Virginia%20Infantry%20Battalion	23rd Virginia Infantry Battalion	Breckinridge became concerned about the increasing number of Union troops near his territory, so he began concentrating Confederate troops during early May. Among the troops concentrated near Staunton, Virginia, were Echols' brigade and a second brigade commanded by Brigadier General Gabriel C. Wharton. Derrick's Battalion, along with the 26th Virginia Infantry Battalion and 22nd Virginia Infantry Regiment, comprised Echols' brigade. The 2,150-man brigade was well armed and equipped as of May 6, and described as "soldierly and imposing". Working as a division commanded by Breckinridge, the two brigades moved north to Harrisonburg on May 13. Further north in the valley was a Union army commanded by Major General Franz Sigel. New Market and east Breckinridge's Division, with cavalry, fought Sigel in the Battle of New Market on May 15. Derrick's Battalion began the fight near the Valley Pike concealed from Union troops. Derrick was the only Confederate West Point graduate in the battle. Included among the Confederate troops were cadets from the Virginia Military Institute (a.k.a. VMI). Defending from high ground and then taking the offensive, Breckenridge drove Sigel's larger force away. As part of this fight, Derrick's Battalion helped repel an attacking Union cavalry division commanded by Major General Julius Stahel. The battalion was also involved in a flanking maneuver that inflicted 45 percent casualties on the Union's 54th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment. Derrick's Battalion, which consisted of 579 men, had two killed, 75 wounded, and two missing for a total of 79 casualties. The Union defeat led to Sigel being replaced by Major General David Hunter.	2.25
72942793	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20de%20Morvillier	Jean de Morvillier	Bishop In 1551 he conducted his first diplomatic mission in England, assisting in the negotiation of the Treaty of Angers on 19 July 1551, that fostered an entente between the countries. In 1552, Morvillier became bishop of Orléans. This was not without dispute with the local chapter which objected to the presence of his beard, asserting that this was an indication of a worldly man. Morvillier appealed to the king who informed the chapter that his beard was necessary as he would be conducting worldly matters through his involvement at court. Morvillier's ascent to the bishopric of Orléans was a political move by the king to reward one of his officers for the service rendered to him. While now bishop of Orléans, he would not take possession of his bishopric until 1559, and in the intervening period entrusted stewardship of the See to three vicars. In 1563 he resigned from control of the See in favour of his nephew Mathurin de la Saussaye. Though an absentee bishop, he was not insensitive to his See, and had organised pastoral matters there occasionally. Negotiator During 1555 Morvillier would resume his role of diplomat, participating in negotiations with the imperial diplomat Granvelle, they were however unable to deliver a convincing peace. With the bankruptcy of France's great enemy Spain in 1558, Morvillier was tasked by the king with soothing the fears of the foreign bankers in Lyon, assuring them that French credit would remain good.	2.828125
72942793	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20de%20Morvillier	Jean de Morvillier	Garde des sceaux The peace that he had negotiated would prove ephemeral, and the courts financial situation would push them back into war in September 1568, with the Pope offering the alienation of church property in return for a resumption of war against heresy. While this was unacceptable to chancellor L'Hôpital, who strove to get the court to reject the deal, the rest of the court was decided, and L'Hôpital was dispossessed of his seals. On 7 October, Morvillier became keeper of the seals and provided his assent to the resumption of war. This granted him the further role of head of the royal council, a position he would exercise throughout the civil war that followed. He was increasingly old and sick however, and frequently retired from court to the abbey of Saint Pierre de Melun, which he had been granted in 1560. The third civil war would be the most destructive yet, and continue into 1570. When peace was at last declared in the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, radical Catholics outraged at the concessions blamed Morvillier and François de Montmorency for 'traitorously' coming to terms with the Protestants. Departure from power In 1571, Morvillier resigned his possession of the seals, and they were subsequently given to Birague on 22 March, who would become chancellor in 1573 upon L'Hôpital's death. Morvillier had been outraged at the king's decision to appease the Emperor, by releasing the duke of Lorraine from the homage he owed the kingdom of France for the Duchy of Bar that he held. Morvillier fumed that he would not be responsible for separating France form a territory owing allegiance to it. His ill health also contributed to his departure, and he bemoaned to Pinart that he did not like to live in darkness and solitude.	2.375
71396755	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20James%20Stuart%20%28British%20Army%20officer%29	William James Stuart (British Army officer)	William James Stuart of Drumaspil (14 April 1831 – 8 July 1914) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and gentleman. Early life Stuart was born on 14 April 1831 in Bunchara Castle, County Donegal, the son of Hamilton Stuart of Drumaspil, County Tyrone and Jane Wilhelmina Thornton-Todd, daughter of William Thornton-Todd of Bunchara Castle. The Stuarts of Drumaspil descend in unbroken, patrilineal succession from Robert II of Scotland, through his younger son, Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, through the Stewarts of Avandale and Ochiltree, through Andrew Stuart, 1st Baron Castle Stuart and his younger son Robert Stewart, of Irry. Stuart was educated at Sherborne School and entered the army in December 1849, aged 18. Military career Stuart entered the Royal Engineers in December 1849 commissioned as second lieutenant and was promoted to lieutenant in February 1854. He served during the Second Opium War and was promoted to captain in August 1858. He commanded the French Storming Party at the assault on Canton and was congratulated and thanked by the French Naval Commander in Chief Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly and he was promoted brevet major. Promoted Brevet Lt Col, November 1871 and Brevet Colonel, October 1877. He was then appointed commanding Royal Engineers and appointed major-general in February 1888. Stuart retired from the British Army in 1891 and was appointed colonel commandant of the Royal Engineers in 1903. Family Stuart married in 1859 to Eleanor Dorcas, 5th daughter of Thomas George French, of Marino, County Cork and Charlotte Granville Grenfell, daughter of Pascoe Grenfell, they had issue: Charlotte Granville Stuart (9 May 1861 – 8 July 1942), married Lt.-Col. Robert Follett Muter Foster Millington Synge, son of Major Robert Follett Synge. Thomas George Stuart-French (11 February 1863 – 29 July 1911) Lt Col Claude Houston Stuart French (6 March 1867 – 23 December 1916 Major Pascoe William Grenfell Stuart (25 October 1868 – 5 February 1954) Stuart died on 8 July 1914, in Woolwich.	2.046875
71397142	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucocoprinus%20heinemannii	Leucocoprinus heinemannii	Leucocoprinus heinemannii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Taxonomy It was first described in 1987 by the Italian mycologist Vincenzo Migliozzi who classified it as Leucocoprinus heinemannii. Description Leucocoprinus heinemannii is a small dapperling mushroom with thin white flesh. Cap: 16-22mm wide when mature, campanulate when young but flattening or becoming convex with age with edges which may lift upwards. The surface is pure white with a slightly umbonate disc which has very fine grey, purple and black tones densely concentrated in the middle. These colours extend sparsely across the cap dissipating towards the edges where there are striations which extend around a quarter of the way into the cap. Gills: Free, crowded and white. Stem: Smooth, 12-35mm long, 5 cm at most and 2mm thick tapering from a slightly bulbous 5mm base where traces of white mycelium are present. The persistent stem ring is white with brown edges and located towards the middle of the stem (median). Spores: Ellipsoidal or amygdaliform without apparent germ pore. 6.3-7.4 x 3.5-4.2 μm. Smell: Indistinct/mushroomy. Taste: Indistinct. Habitat and distribution L. heinemannii is not very well known and not often recorded. The first specimens studied were found growing individually in a greenhouse in Rome during the Autumn of 1985. GBIF has a few dozen recorded observations from all over the world since. A 2014 study of mushroom species found in botanical gardens in Poland documented L. heinemannii growing in a group under Dichondra and Euphorbia plants during several months of the year. This was the first recording of the species in Poland. This species was also documented in Washington state in 2010 where it was found growing gregariously amongst soil in greenhouses.	2.109375
71397452	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helios%20Dust%20Instrumentation	Helios Dust Instrumentation	The South sensor was shielded by the spacecraft rim from direct sun light, whereas the ecliptic sensor was directly exposed to the intense solar radiation (up to 13 kW/m2). Therefore, the interior of the sensor was protected by a 0.3 micron thick aluminized parylene film which was attached to the first entrance grid. In order to study the effect of micrometeoroids penetrating the film, extensive dust accelerator studies with various materials were performed. It was shown that the penetration limit of the Helios film depends strongly on the density of meteoroids. Impact experiments with a lab version of the Helios micrometeoroid sensor were performed using several materials at the accelerators at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg and at the Ames Research Center, ARC, in Moffet Field. The projectile materials included iron (Fe), quartz, glass, aluminium (Al), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), polystyrene, and kaolin. The mass resolution of the mass spectra of the Helios sensors was low , i.e. only ions of atomic mass unit 10 u could be separated from ions of mass 11 u. These mass spectra served as reference for the spectra obtained in space. Spectra were recorded from 10 u to 70 u. The mean calibration spectra are presented in a three phase diagram: low masses (10 to 30 u), medium masses (30 to 50 u), and high masses (50 to 70 u). Micrometeoroid data	2.375
71397452	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helios%20Dust%20Instrumentation	Helios Dust Instrumentation	Helios mass spectra range from those with dominant low masses up to 30 u that are compatible with silicates to those with dominant high masses between 50 and 60 u of iron and molecular ion types. The spectra display no clustering of single minerals. The continuous transition from low to high ion masses indicates that individual grains are a mixture of various minerals and carbonaceous compounds. Cometary and interstellar dust streams The Helios zodiacal light measurements show excellent stability. This allows detecting local brightness excesses if they are crossed by the Helios field-of-view, like it happened for comet West or for the Quadrantid meteor shower. Repetition by about 0.2% from orbit to orbit sufficed to detect the dust ring along the orbit of Venus. Inspection of the Helios micrometeoroid data showed a clustering of impacts in the same region of space on different Helios orbits. A search with the Interplanetary Meteoroid Environment for eXploration (IMEX) dust streams in space model identified the trails of comets 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdušáková and 72P/Denning-Fujikawa that Helios traversed multiple times during the first ten orbits around the Sun. After the discovery of interstellar dust passing through the planetary system by the Ulysses spacecraft interstellar dust particles were also found in the Helios micrometeoroid data. Based on the spacecraft position, the azimuth and impact charge 27 impactors are compatible with an interstellar source. The Helios measurements comprise interstellar dust measurements closest to the Sun.	2.515625
71397549	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucocoprinus%20violaceus	Leucocoprinus violaceus	Leucocoprinus violaceus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Taxonomy It was first described in 1977 by the Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann who classified it as Leucocoprinus violaceus Description Leucocoprinus violaceus is a dapperling mushroom with thin white flesh. Cap: 5-6cm wide, campanulate or conical and expanding to flatten with age. The surface is white with purplish brown scales which are more concentrated at the brown disc or slight umbo in the centre. The cap edges are striated to about a third of the way up the cap. Gills: Free, crowded and white discolouring to greyish with age. Stem: 5-6cm tall and 4-5mm thick, it is stiff and slightly hollow with a smooth white surface above the stem ring and purplish scales towards the base. The membranous, white stem ring is movable and fragile and located above the middle of the stem. Spore print: White. Spores: Amygdaliform. 6.3-8.4 x 4.9-6.7 μm. Taste: Very bitter. When dry the cap and stem discolour brown whilst the gills turn slightly olive-brown. Habitat and distribution L. violaceus is scarcely recorded and little known. Heinemann's study was based on specimens from Zaire, Central Africa (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) where they were found near Lake Edward and Lake Kivu in tufts on the ground of a plantation containing Grevillea plants. GBIF only contains one recorded observation of this species. Edibility Whilst the edibility or potential toxicity of this species are unknown, Heinemann notes that the locals did not consume this mushroom. Etymology The specific epithet violaceus is Latin for violet and refers to the purplish scales towards the base of this mushroom. Similar species Heinemann notes that this species is similar to Leucocoprinus tenellus and L. lilacino-gradulosus (now classified as Leucocoprinus ianthinus) but distinguished by the spore size.	2.15625
71398082	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruler%20of%20Dubai	Ruler of Dubai	The ruler of Dubai () is the position of the hereditary monarch and head of government of the Emirate of Dubai. The Ruler is also considered the head of the House of Maktoum, the royal family of Dubai and one of the six ruling families of the UAE. After the unification of the Emirate of Dubai within the United Arab Emirates, the Ruler of Dubai nominally assumes the position of Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and sits at the seat reserved for Dubai at the Federal Supreme Council. History In 1833, a migrating offshoot of the ruling Bani Yas tribe of Abu Dhabi settled to the small fishing village of Bur Dubai where Sheikh Maktoum bin Butti bin Suhail become the sole Ruler of Dubai by 1836, establishing the Al Maktoum dynasty. The relatively small Dubai relied on fishing, pearling, and foreign trade between the much larger Al Nahyan dynasty in Abu Dhabi and the Al Qasimi dynasty of Sharjah and establishing good relations with British forces which eventually culminated in the signing of an agreement with the British in 1892 to exclusively deal with the British Empire on all economic and foreign relation matters as part of the Trucial States. Following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom in 1971, then-Ruler of Dubai Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum joined with other ruling families of the former Trucial States to form the United Arab Emirates, where the position of Ruler of Dubai has retained significant autonomy from the federal government of the UAE with control of the emirate's judiciary, executive and legislative.	2.28125
71398744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n%20College%20%28Concepci%C3%B3n%2C%20Chile%29	Concepción College (Concepción, Chile)	Concepción College (earlier, Colegio Americano para Senoritas) was a Chilean parochial day and boarding school for girls located in Concepción. It was established in 1878 by the Methodist Episcopal Church. The nearby sister school for boys was "The American College". Both schools were based on U.S. teaching methods and were popular with the residents of the area. Establishment It was found that mixed-sex education was a great drawback in Concepción. The custom of the country, the ideas of the parents, and the training or lack of training which the children had had, made it difficult. At Concepción, it was deemed best to make a separate school for the girls. Another house was rented, and Lelia A. Waterhouse took charge of the separate school for girls, which was called "Colegio Americano para Senoritas", and later known as Concepcion College, and thus Concepcion College was founded. The school opened a kindergarten department which received young boys also. The school started with nine girls and ten boys. In the boarding department there were six girls. Two of them were from a British family, a home of poverty; the other four, two each, were from the homes of Chilean mothers, widows of Americans. All these were able to pay little or nothing, and Waterhouse at great personal expense maintained them in order that she might have pupils for her school. Of those six, three rendered service through teaching in the schools of the Mission and in other schools.	2.5625
71398744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n%20College%20%28Concepci%C3%B3n%2C%20Chile%29	Concepción College (Concepción, Chile)	Often there was a lack of suitable textbooks, and the delay in securing them from the U.S. was so great that at times, from the one book on hand, the lesson was copied on the blackboard for the use of the children. As the U.S. textbooks on geography and history gave so much concerning the United States, and so very, very little about Chile, the teaching according to the textbook was displeasing to the patrons of the schools. To avoid this difficulty, Waterhouse compiled texts on history and geography for use in the Concepcion schools. A textbook was also prepared for the use of the pupils in learning English. The houses rented were unsuitable in structure and often inadequate in room space. They were not properly furnished. The children had to be marched twice a day into the dining room when they had work which required a writing desk. In the recitation rooms, they sat upon boxes, stools, and little chairs. Another serious drawback was that often the missionary teacher was not able to use the Spanish language. To preserve good discipline and not lose the pupil by offending the parents was a task sometimes too difficult for the teachers. A pupil lost was income lost, and without income, the school could not survive.	2.875
71398776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20H.%20Dike	Paul H. Dike	Paul Harrison Dike (February 22, 1878, Crystal Lake, Illinois – June 25, 1956, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania) was an American physicist who did research on terrestrial magnetism, atmospheric electricity, photoelectricity, pyrometry, and radiation theory. Biography Paul H. Dike graduated from Northwestern University in physics with a B.S. in 1901 and an M.S. in 1903. For the academic year 1901–1902 he taught science at a high school in Du Quoin, Illinois. From 1904 to 1905 he was a magnetic observer for the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. From 1905 to 1909 he was a member of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. He studied abroad at Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin from 1905 to 1906 and at the University of Cambridge in 1906. Following instructions from the Carnegie Institution's Director of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Dike joined the magnetic survey yacht Galilee at Sitka, Alaska near the beginning of August 1907 and performed experimental observations of atmospheric electriticy during the 1907–1908 voyage in the Pacific Ocean. From 1909 to 1911 he was a graduate student and an assistant in physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. There he graduated in June 1911 with a Ph.D. in physics. His Ph.D. thesis "Photo-Electric Potentials of Thin Cathode Films" was published in Physical Review(Series I) 34, 459 – June 1, 1912.	1.960938
71400018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20The%20Case%20Study%20of%20Vanitas%20chapters	List of The Case Study of Vanitas chapters	The Case Study of Vanitas is a manga written and illustrated by Jun Mochizuki. Set in 19th century Paris and contains vampire and steampunk thematics. The story focuses on the young Vanitas who possesses the grimoire called The Book of Vanitas and uses it to heal cursed vampires. The vampire Noé Archiviste joins Vanitas in his quest to save cursed vampires. The series began in Square Enix's Monthly Gangan Joker on December 22, 2015. In April 2020, Mochizuki announced that the manga would be on hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The manga resumed publication in November 2020. Square Enix has collected its chapters into individual tankōbon volumes. The first volume was released on April 22, 2016. As of April 22, 2024, eleven volumes have been released. On December 3, 2015, Yen Press announced on its official Twitter account that it would be publishing new chapters of the series concurrently with Japan. The manga is also licensed in Taiwan by Sharp Point Press, in Hong Kong by Sparkle Roll, in South Korea by Daewon C.I., in France by Ki-oon, in Germany by Carlsen Manga, in Italy by Star Comics, in Spain by Norma Editorial, in Russia by Istari Comics, in Thailand by Siam Inter Comics, in Vietnam by Kim Đồng Publishing House, in Ukraine by Nasha Idea and in Poland by Waneko. Volume list	2.15625
71400054	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Riley%20Parker	William Riley Parker	William Riley Parker (August 7, 1906 – October 28, 1968) was an American scholar noted for his works on John Milton. Early life and academic career He was born in Roanoke, Virginia to Dr Frank Parker and Bertha Ladow Parker (née Riley). He was educated at Roanoke College and Princeton University, where he was awarded an MA. Parker was then appointed instructor in English at Northwestern University. He studied for his B.Litt. at Oxford University, where he analysed the influence of Greek tragedy on John Milton's Samson Agonistes. Parker returned to the United States and worked for Ohio State University. In 1937 his B.Litt. thesis was published as Milton's Debt to Greek Tragedy in Samson Agonistes. In 1938 Clarendon Press commissioned Parker to write a biography of John Milton, which was published in two volumes in 1968. In 1946 Parker became secretary of the Modern Language Association and for ten years he edited its journal. During this time he was also professor at New York University and in 1956 was appointed professor of English at Indiana University. In 1958 he was promoted to distinguished service professor of English at Indiana and in 1966 he became chairman of the English department. Personal life In 1932 Parker married Mary Ann Blakesley and they had a son and a daughter. Works Books Milton's Debt to Greek Tragedy in Samson Agonistes (Johns Hopkins Press, 1937). Milton's Contemporary Reputation (Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 1940). Milton: A Biography, two volumes (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968).	2.078125
71400260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation%20Reduction%20Act	Inflation Reduction Act	In an article marking the law's second anniversary, reporter Emily Pontecorvo of Heatmap News found that the law increased construction union membership in areas with mostly non-union labor markets, especially in solar power. Due to the investment tax credits' rules on Project Labor Agreements, prevailing wages and apprenticeships, the law also set up a new dynamic where energy developers have started to negotiate with unions early in their project planning, and fostered the growth of a new tax credit compliance industry. Pontecorvo also found, however, that wide disparities remained between union and non-union apprenticeships and wages, and that non-union apprenticeships were still poorly regulated. She later analyzed an August 29 Energy Department report that found that even with growth in the fossil fuel workforce, unionization in clean energy grew faster than in the overall energy sector, and that unionized firms had an easier time hiring job applicants than non-unionized firms, for which she credited the Act; the DOE found that clean energy job numbers grew 4.2 percent in 2023, twice the national rate for all employers, and up 3.9 percent from the previous year. Pontecorvo also reported that the energy workforce continued to suffer from a lack of diversity, particularly of gender. Fiscal impact The law significantly enlarged the tax credit market. It includes significant tax credits for companies making products considered environmentally-friendly, but small companies tend not to pay enough taxes, so the law does not help them. The law allows such companies to sell their tax credits to larger companies. The market is expected to reach $80 billion per year and help those large companies.	2.34375
71400260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation%20Reduction%20Act	Inflation Reduction Act	The governors of four states, Florida, South Dakota, Iowa, and Kentucky, refused to accept decarbonization money from the Act's Climate Pollution Reduction Grants program. The Act allows the forfeited money, $3 million per state, to go to the three largest metropolitan areas in each state instead, though cities such as Davenport, Iowa, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota, have still refused the money. From June 2023 to February 2024, the EPA awarded $250 million from the CPRG (Climate Pollution Reduction Grants) program to 82 cities and 45 states to update their climate action plans. On July 22, 2024, the EPA awarded from the same program $4.3 billion to 25 cities, states, tribal governments, and coalitions of the three for implementing community driven solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 148 million metric tons by 2030 and by 971 million tons by 2050. The solutions mainly belong to the domains of energy, buildings, agriculture, industry, waste, and ecosystems. The largest recipient, at $499,997,415 for vehicle decarbonization, is the South Coast Air Quality Management District in California. Energy and industry The Act deals extensively with trade flows of clean energy and their effects on domestic manufacturing. As an example, the Treasury Department clarified on May 12, 2023, that in order to be eligible for the Sections 45, 45Y, 48 and 48E tax credits, solar panel manufacturers and installers need to source at least 40 percent of their components in total from within the U.S., regardless of solar cell origin, thereby creating a compromise between solar panel installers who favored keeping Chinese imports cheap and domestic solar cell manufacturers who want to build more factories in America. Significant improvements were achieved in the domain of green building through the installation of efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, and more.	2
71400495	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballona%20Lagoon	Ballona Lagoon	Restoration The lagoon was restored incrementally beginning in 1988, with major work 1996-1997 after the city purchased “Lot R” (which comprised two-thirds of the lagoon) from a private owner. Improvements included viewing platforms, fencing, signage, native California plants authentic to the pre-development ecology of the area, dredging six feet (1.8 m) down at the tidal inlet to create fish spawning habitat, and building an island for nesting birds. Silt, litter and remnants of 50-year-old oil drilling equipment were removed. Further refurbishment took place in 2011, when the city added dog fencing, stabilized the banks of the waterway, and reseeded the rare wildflower called Orcutt’s yellow pincushion. At the time of a 1987 attempt to redevelop the Lagoon area, including potentially removing the Lighthouse Street Bridge, “Much of the ensuing debate revolved around the question of whether the lagoon is a beautiful, rare habitat for wildlife or a stinking mud hole.” A local marine biology professor spoke in defense of the mud, as it plays host to the “worms, clams and snails that live in the lagoon” which in turn feed the “avocets, curlews and sandpipers.” One homeowner advocating for more development commented, “It is very charming at high tide but at low tide it smells.” The restoration has been described as “wildly successful, providing rich native habitat and regulated access for people, where degraded land once dominated.”	2.609375
71400528	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leionema%20westonii	Leionema westonii	Leionema westonii is a flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It has white flowers borne in upper leaf axils. Description Leionema westonii is a multi-branched shrub to high and forms a rhizome. The stems are covered with spreading, soft, fine, simple white hairs. The leaves are linear-shaped or narrow elliptic, long, wide, margins rolled under, apex pointed, upper surface covered with spreading, soft, weak hairs, lower surface covered with white, minute protuberances and with sparsely soft, fine, weak hairs. The single flowers are borne in upper leaf axils on a pedicel long, bracteole long and covered with soft, spreading hairs and tapering gradually to a point. The calyx is cup-shaped, long, with occasional long, stiff, upright hairs, sometimes with minute star-shaped hairs, triangular shaped teeth about long. The white petals are long, upper surface smooth, lower surface dotted with glands and with occasional short soft, weak, thin hairs. Flowering occurs from late summer to autumn. Taxonomy and naming Leionema westonii was first formally described in 2018 and description was published in Telopea. The specific epithet (westonii) honours Peter Henry Weston a co-discoverer of the species in 2004. Distribution and habitat This leionema grows in woodland on shallow soils in the Oxley Wild Rivers National Park.	2.6875
71400777	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade%20Alglave	Jade Alglave	Jade Alglave (born 1984) is a French computer scientist whose research involves concurrency control, consistency models, weak hardware memory models, the relation between computer hardware and programming languages, and the "cat" domain-specific language for consistency models. She is a professor of computer science at University College London and a distinguished engineer at British semiconductor firm Arm. Education and career Alglave was a student of Luc Maranget at INRIA. She completed a doctorate in 2010 at Paris Diderot University. After postdoctoral research at the University of Oxford, she became a lecturer at Queen Mary University of London, working there with Peter O'Hearn and Byron Cook before following O'Hearn and Cook to University College London. Keeping her affiliation at University College London, Alglave also worked as a researcher at Microsoft Research Cambridge from 2014 to 2018, and at Arm beginning in 2018. In 2019, she was named as a professor at University College London. Recognition Alglave won the 2014 Brian Mercer Award for Innovation of the Royal Society. She won the Silver Medal of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2018. In 2020 the British Computer Society gave her the Roger Needham Award. In 2021 she was named a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.	2.0625
71400932	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy%20Lucas	Willy Lucas	Wilhelm Lucas, known as Willy (20 February 1884 – 18 April 1918) was a German landscape and cityscape painter. Life and work His ancestors worked as glass painters and stonemasons at Cologne Cathedral. His father was a contractor and architect. He spent his childhood in Paderborn, and attended the building trades school in Holzminden. Later, he worked as a carpenter's assistant at his father's business. In 1904, he began studying at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. After only two years, he dropped out of school and opened his own studio. He also became a member of the progressive artists' association, Malkasten. He travelled throughout Europe to find motifs for his works. From 1912 to 1914, he and his wife visited France, Holland, Italy and Sweden. From Italy, they toured the Adriatic and the Riviera. She was the daughter of a wealthy entrepreneur, so they were financially independent, although their travels were mostly paid for by selling his paintings. At the beginning of World War I, they were forced to leave France and return to Düsseldorf. While there, he had become heavily influenced by Impressionism and the works of Claude Monet. From that point on, the colors in his paintings brightened considerably, and light would come to play a more important role in his compositions. After many years of intermittent poor health, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. In 1917, he moved to Garmisch, seeking a cure. He died there in the Spring of 1918. Despite his short life, he was able to complete over 600 paintings and drawings. The largest collection is in his childhood home of Paderborn.	2.1875
71400934	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucopogon%20darlingensis	Leucopogon darlingensis	Leucopogon darlingensis is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, spirally arranged, linear, oblong, narrowly elliptic or narrowly egg-shaped leaves and white, bell-shaped flowers arranged in upper leaf axils and at the ends of branches. Description Leucopogon darlingensis is an erect shrub that typically grows up to about high and wide, its young branchlets hairy. The leaves are spirally arranged, linear, oblong, narrowly elliptic or narrowly egg-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long. The flowers are arranged in groups of two to ten long on the ends of branches and in upper leaf axils, with narrow egg-shaped bracts and egg-shaped bracteoles long. The sepals are egg-shaped, long and tinged with purple near the tip. The petals are white and joined at the base to form a bell-shaped tube long, the lobes long. Flowering occurs mainly in August and September, and the fruit is a cylindrical or elliptic drupe long. Taxonomy and naming Leucopogon darlingensis was first formally described in 2014 by Michael Clyde Hislop in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected by Fred and Jean Hort near Brookton in 2005. The specific epithet (darlingensis) is a reference to the species' occurrence in the Darling Range. In the same publication, Hislop described two subspecies, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census: Leucopogon darlingensis Hislop subsp. darlingensis has its young branches covered with wavy or crinkled hairs, sometimes mixed with straight hairs, the petal lobes wide. Leucopogon darlingensis subsp. rectus Hislop has its young branches covered only with straight hairs, the petal lobes wide.	2.421875
71401169	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Republics%20Corporation	American Republics Corporation	Some of the companies Cullinan invested in were: Hughes Tool Company, Paraffin Oil Company, Texas Fuel Company (now Texaco) and the Hogg-Swain Syndicate. Houston Oil Company and American Republics Corporation entered in a partnership and American Republics Corporation found a new oilfield, called the Hull Field in Liberty County. Cullinan was active in the development of the Humble, Texas and East Texas Oil Field. In 1956 American Republics Corporation, American Republics and the subsidiaries were all sold to Sinclair Oil Corporation $108 million. Cullinan started in the oil industry in 1898 with the J.S. Cullinan Company, that later became the Magnolia Petroleum Company. J.S. Cullinan Company founded a refinery on the Corsicana oilfield. Corsicana oilfield was found by accident in 1894 by the American Well and Prospecting Company while drilling for water. Cullinan founded Petroleum Iron Works in 1895 after departing Standard Oil. Petroleum Iron Works manufactured steel storage tanks. Cullinan next founded J. S. Cullinan Company in Corsicana, which later became Magnolia Petroleum Company. Cullinan next founded the Texas Company in 1902, that later became Texaco.	2.21875
71401257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Brady%20%28Maryland%20politician%29	Samuel Brady (Maryland politician)	Samuel Brady (died December 8, 1871) was Mayor of Baltimore from November 2, 1840 to March 9, 1842. Early life Samuel Brady was born in Delaware. He moved to Baltimore, Maryland at an early age and entered the retail dry goods business. He owned a business on North Gay Street in Baltimore. Career In 1834, Brady ran for the Maryland House of Delegates, but lost. In 1836, Brady was appointed City Collector by Mayor Samuel Smith. Brady served as a member of the First Branch of the Baltimore City Council for two one-year terms. In his second term, he served as president of the division. Brady ran as a Democrat for Mayor of Baltimore in 1840, defeating incumbent Sheppard C. Leakin. Brady became mayor on November 2, 1840. He served until March 9, 1842, resigning due to a disagreement with the City Council on the city's purchase of a large amount of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad stocks. Brady favored the investment, but City Council did not. After serving as mayor, he ran for Maryland's 3rd congressional district in 1844, but lost to John Wethered. He then removed to Baltimore County. He was elected as County Commissioner of Baltimore County and held the position for many years. Personal life Brady married Ann Mary Proctor Stansbury. They had eight children: Samuel Jr., Benjamin F., John W. S., Jefferson, Thomas S., Mary, Martha A. and Margaret. Brady died on December 8, 1871, at his home in Baltimore County.	1.945313
71401827	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurdwara%20Shanghai	Gurdwara Shanghai	The Sikh community attending the gurdwara were divided based upon their ancestral Punjabi region of origin, with the principal groups in the local Sikh community namely being the Manjha and Malwa Sikhs. There was animosity existing between these two Sikh groups. A major brawl took place in August 1926 at the gurdwara, when the gurdwara's new working committee secretary could not be inducted. In the brawl, Manjha and Malwa Sikhs faced-off against each other using hatchets, pistols, battle-axe, and sticks. When Shanghai Municipal Police Detective Sergeant J. Knight arrived at the gurdwara due to the fight, he found both side 10 yards from one another. Each side claimed the first side to back down and leave were "losers". The incident led to the injuries of five Sikhs, including one who was hospitalized for a skull fracture. Due to this event, the gurdwara was temporarily closed and a guard was put-in-place. The Vaisakhi spring-harvest festival was celebrated at the temple by the congregates. Sikh women carried out the task of decorating the premises of the temple during Vaisakhi. The Sikh ladies used hand-crafted embroidery for the occasion as decorations. Local Indian businesses would lend their silks to be used for the celebrations. Another popular celebration was the Singh Sabha cestival, which was organized by Buddha Singh, a high-ranking policeman. There is evidence of ethnic Chinese visiting the Shanghai Gurdwara whilst it was active as a Sikh temple. An account of a Chinese woman who lived next door to the Sikh temple states she used to visit the gurdwara as a child and that Sikhs bringing a lot of milk would come. In 1932, Indian hockey player Dhyan Chand visited the Dong Baoxing Road Gurdwara at a time when Chinese and Japanese forces were engaged in conflict in the city. In Chand's autobiography, Goal!, he records that the Sikh temple was heavily damaged in the fighting and that Japanese soldiers looked at him suspiciously when he left the gurdwara.	2.609375
71402216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austerlitz%20%28wargame%29	Austerlitz (wargame)	Austerlitz, subtitled "The Battle of Three Emperors, 2 December 1805", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1972 that simulates the Battle of Austerlitz between Napoleon's French forces, and the Austrian-Russian forces of the Third Coalition. Background In 1805, an Allied force of Russians and Austrians was lured into a trap by Napoleon near the town of Austerlitz. Description Austerlitz is a two-player wargame in which one player controls the Alliance army, and the other player controls the French army. Components The game includes: 22" x 28" paper hex grid map scaled at per hex 100 die-cut counters Map-folded rule sheet Two Terrain Effects charts A small six-sided die Gameplay Austerlitz uses a simple "I Go, You Go" alternating system of turns first used in SPI's Napoleon at Waterloo (1971). First the Allied player moves and then fires. Then the French player has the same opportunity. This completes one game turn, which represents one hour of game time. Publication history Austerlitz was designed by John Michael Young, with graphic design by Redmond A. Simonsen and was published by SPI in 1973, first packaged in a plain white box with a red title ribbon, then later in a "flatpack" box with integrated counter tray. Reception In a 1976 poll undertaken by SPI to determine the most popular board wargames in North America, Austerlitz placed a respectable 54th out of 202 games. In his 1977 book The Comprehensive Guide to Board Wargaming, Nick Palmer called Austerlitz a "simple, well-balanced operational level game."	2.8125
71402903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed%20el%20Kebir	Mohammed el Kebir	Mohammed ben Othman, also known as Mohammed el Kebir was the bey of the Western Beylik from 1776 to 1796. He is best-known for re-conquering Oran and Mers El Kébir from the Spaniards. He was known as a reformist. Biography He was the son of a bey of Titteri called Othman al-Kurdi who was of mixed Kurdish-Algerian ancestry. His date of birth is unknown, although it is known that the Khaznadar (treasurer) of the dey estimated that he was between 40 and 45 years old when he met him in 1779. Mohammed was appointed caïd of Flitta, an important position in the western beylik. He was appointed as khalifa (supreme military commander) of the Western Beylik in 1768, and in 1775 during the reign of Ibrahim of Miliana he valiantly led more than 4,000 fighters from the Western Beylik during the Spanish Invasion of Algiers in 1775. He played no small part of the battle and is said to have led a brilliant cavalry charge against the Spanish troops camped around El Harrach. In 1776 Ibrahim of Miliana died, and despite his wild popularity and great honor, Mohammed was discarded in favor of a very rich and influential man called "Hadj Khrellil".	1.984375
71403048	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%20Cartoonists%20Association	Japan Cartoonists Association	History For a long time in Japan, there were no professional associations for cartoonists to interact with each other or to negotiate with the government or foreign countries, and there were only groups of individual cartoonists with joint production characteristics, such as the "Manga Group" and the "Dokuritsu Manga School. Isao Kojima of the "Dokuritsu Manga School" thought that "cartoonists from all fields should get together and create an environment where they can recognize each other through social activities and feel secure as artists" and "I wanted to create an association where they could at least join health insurance. In the summer of 1964, he approached Yoshiro Kato, Eijiro Shiota, and Fuyuhiko Okabe of the Manga Group for advice. The Manga Group brought Tatsumi Nishikawa, who had a businessman's background and administrative skills, to Kojima, and eventually they were able to hold a founding meeting on December 15 of the same year. In 1965, the board of directors established the Health Insurance Department, Taxation Department, Bulletin Department, Copyright Department, and Overseas Department; in 1966, the Planning Department was added; in 1985, the Planning Department was renamed the Business Department, the Bulletin Department the Public Relations Department, and the General Affairs Department was created. Kojima recalls that, on association business, he and the copyright holders went to protest against companies that manufactured character products without permission, and that he accompanied cartoonists who had suffered non-payment of manuscript fees to the publishers. Presidents of the Board of Directors	2.546875

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