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72954059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico%20Sacco
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Federico Sacco
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Federico Sacco (February 5, 1864 in Fossano – October 2, 1948 in Trofarello) was an Italian geologist, paleontologist and mycologist.
Biography
He was the son of Giuseppe Antonio, a doctor, and Faustina Maria Quaglia. After his secondary studies in Fossano, Federico Sacco graduated in 1884 in natural sciences at the University of Turin; he was a disciple of Martino Baretti, collaborator and friend of Quintino Sella and Luigi Bellardi, a renowned Piedmontese paleontologist.
For over thirty years, from 1897 to 1935, he held the chair of geology at the Polytechnic University of Turin and, for over forty years, that of paleontology at the University of Turin. He was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei, a member of the Academy of Sciences of Turin and president of the Italian Geological Society. A passionate mountaineer and speleologist, he was an active member of the Italian Alpine Club for most of his life.
He was one of the founders in 1911–12 of the Urania Society, created as the result of a split from the Italian Astronomical Society, for which he directed the publication of Saggi di astronomia popolare, a series of popular texts.
He was the author of over six hundred publications, including volumes, memoirs and articles, of a geomorphological and stratigraphic nature. He made a significant contribution to the Geological Map of Italy, studying and compiling, among others, the geological sheets of the tertiary basin of Piedmont, Abruzzo, Cuneo, Ceva and Genoa, Bologna, Imola–Faenza–Forlì and Rimini, of Ancona–Jesi–Fermo and Macerata, Pesaro, Monte Falterona, Pontremoli.
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72954188
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20schools%2C%20US%20%28for%20people%20with%20disabilities%29
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State schools, US (for people with disabilities)
|
In addition, new compulsory public school laws required children to attend school. Teachers had more chances to notice people who struggled and recommend them for an institution. Eugenics proponents also taught classes to teachers on identifying the "feeble-minded."
Throughout this era, the most popular belief was that intellectual and developmental disabilities, as well as mental illness, were entirely genetic and resulted in poverty, drunkenness, sexual promiscuity, crime, violence, and other social ills. People with disabilities were considered "menaces." Dr. Henry Goddard, a psychologist at Vineland Training School in New Jersey, wrote a book claiming that they investigated the family history of a woman at the institution and demonstrated that "feeble-mindedness" was genetic and caused all of social ills. Goddard said,Painting so many people as a threat led to increasing numbers of people sent to institutions. Institutions became even more overcrowded. Superintendents, concerned about overcrowding and of the "threat" of people with disabilities having children, started to sterilize the inmates. Many of those sterilized against their will were living in state schools or state hospitals. Over thirty states had compulsory sterilization laws and over 60,000 people with disabilities were sterilized.
Buck v. Bell, the infamous Supreme Court case that legalized involuntarily sterilization, was about Carrie Buck, a woman diagnosed as "feeble-minded" after she was raped by her foster brother and put into an institution. A family tree (that was later shown to be falsified) said that she was the third generation diagnosed with feeble-mindedness. US Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. famously declared "three generations of imbeciles are enough!"
American eugenicists would go onto serve as a model for Nazi Germany to replicate as they sought to institutionalize, sterilize, and murder the "undesirables" in their own country.
Lists of state schools
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72955585
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada%20Blenkhorn
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Ada Blenkhorn
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Ada J. Blenkhorn (1858-1927) was a Canadian-American hymnwriter who wrote the lyrics to many well-known Christian hymns including “Let the Sunshine In” and "Keep on the Sunny Side" also known as "Keep on the Sunny Side of Life" in 1899 with music by J. Howard Entwisle (1866–1903).
Blenkhorn was born in Cobourg, Ontario on February 22, 1858, as the tenth of eleven children of William and Sarah (Helm) Blenkhorn, and Blenkhorn was raised as a Methodist and never married as an adult. In 1884 Blenkhorn moved with her family to Cleveland, Ohio. At age thirty-four Blenkhorn began a prolific career writing hymns after being encouraged by a friend not to quit. In 1899 Ada Blenkhorn was inspired to write the Christian hymn, "Keep on the Sunny Side" by a phrase used by her nephew. Blenkhorn's nephew was disabled and always wanted his wheelchair pushed down "the sunny side" of the street. Blenkhorn began working her brother's Henry's, real estate business in 1904 as a secretary, and after he died in 1923, she took over as president of the business. She died on May 7, 1927, and was buried in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland.
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72956318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Turkey%E2%80%93Syria%20earthquakes
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2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
|
On 6 February 2023, at 04:17 TRT (01:17 UTC), a 7.8 earthquake struck southern and central Turkey and northern and western Syria. The epicenter was west–northwest of Gaziantep. The earthquake had a maximum Mercalli intensity of XII (Extreme) around the epicenter and in Antakya. It was followed by a 7.7 earthquake at 13:24. This earthquake was centered north-northeast from the first. There was widespread damage and tens of thousands of fatalities.
The 7.8 earthquake is the largest in Turkey since the 1939 Erzincan earthquake of the same magnitude, and jointly the second-largest in the country, after larger estimates for the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake. It is also one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded in the Levant. It was felt as far as Egypt and the Black Sea coast of Turkey. There were more than 30,000 aftershocks in the three months that followed. The seismic sequence was the result of shallow strike-slip faulting along segments of the Dead Sea Transform, East Anatolian and Sürgü–Çardak faults.
There was widespread damage in an area of about , about the size of Germany. An estimated 14 million people, or 16 percent of Turkey's population, were affected. Development experts from the United Nations estimated that about 1.5 million people were left homeless.
The confirmed death toll in Turkey was 53,537; estimates of the number of dead in Syria were between 5,951 and 8,476. It is the deadliest earthquake in what is now present-day Turkey since the 526 Antioch earthquake and the deadliest natural disaster in its modern history. It is also the deadliest in present-day Syria since the 1822 Aleppo earthquake; the deadliest worldwide since the 2010 Haiti earthquake; and the fifth-deadliest of the 21st century. Damages were estimated at US$148.8 billion in Turkey, or nine-percent of the country's GDP, and US$9 billion in Syria.
| 2.46875
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72956318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Turkey%E2%80%93Syria%20earthquakes
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2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
|
The EAF is subdivided into seven segments, from the northeast; the Karlıova, Ilıca, Palu, Pütürge, Erkenek, Pazarcık and Amanos segments. The Amanos segment is also considered part of the DST by some geologists, or a transitional structure between the EAF and DST by others. A northern strand to the EAF has also been recognized, including the Sürgü, Çardak, Savrun, Çokak, Toprakkale, Yumurtalık, Karataş, Yakapınar and Düziçi–İskenderun segments. The estimated slip rate on the main strand of the EAF system decreases south-westwards from per year on the Karlıova segment down to per year on the Amanos segment. On the northern strand, a slip rate of per year was estimated on the Çardak segment. The Sürgü-Çardak Fault is an east–west striking long fault that runs north of the EAF. It branches away from the EAF west of Çelikhan and extends westwards to Göksun. Comprising two segments; the Sürgü Fault runs between Çelikhan and Nurhak; the Çardak Fault runs between Nurhak and Göksun. Seismicity on the fault is low—the only associated earthquake was a M 6.8 event in 1544.
The northern part of the DST is subdivided into several segments, although there is some disagreement between scientists as to which faults should be assigned to the DST and which to the EAF, at the northernmost end of the structure. Following the 2013 "Active Fault Map of Turkey", seven DST segments are recognized in Turkey and neighbouring parts of Syria; the Afrin, Sermada, Armanaz, Hacıpaşa, Yesemek, Sakçagöz and Narlı segments.
| 2.46875
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72956318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Turkey%E2%80%93Syria%20earthquakes
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2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
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The first and largest earthquake in the sequence struck at 01:17 UTC. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT) measured it at 7.8 and 7.8, respectively. GEOSCOPE reported 8.0 and Kandilli Observatory (KOERI) reported 7.7 and 7.4. It had an epicenter west of Gaziantep in Gaziantep Province, which is near the border with Syria. The earthquake hypocenter was at a depth of according to USGS and according to KOERI. The shock had a focal mechanism corresponding to strike-slip faulting.
It is one of the strongest ever recorded in Turkey, equivalent in magnitude to the 1939 Erzincan earthquake (7.8). These earthquakes are surpassed only by the larger estimates for the 1668 North Anatolia earthquake. Globally it was the strongest recorded since August 2021. Both earthquakes are the largest and only observed to occur on land within a short span of time.
At 10:24 UTC, an earthquake measuring 7.5 according to USGS, 7.6 according to KOERI, or 7.7 according to Geoscope and the GCMT, struck with an epicenter near Ekinözü, 95 km northeast of the M7.8 event. It had a depth of according to the USGS, by KOERI, and by Geoscope. The shock was also the result of strike-slip faulting; it had an epicenter north of the previous large earthquake.
A reevaluation of the earthquakes using long-period coda moment magnitude obtained 7.95 ± 0.013 and 7.86 ± 0.012, respectively. These earthquakes were some of the largest Turkish earthquakes in over 2,000 years.
Aftershocks
Over 570 aftershocks were recorded within 24 hours of the 7.8 earthquake and over 30,000 recorded by May 2023. An aftershock measuring 6.7 occurred about 11 minutes after the mainshock. There were 25 aftershocks 4.0 or greater recorded within six hours of the main tremor, according to the USGS. More than 12 hours later, the USGS had reported at least 54 aftershocks of 4.3 or greater magnitude, while the Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) recorded at least 120 total aftershocks.
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72956318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Turkey%E2%80%93Syria%20earthquakes
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2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
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The 7.8 earthquake had aftershocks distributed along about of the EAF. A 6.3 aftershock struck near Uzunbağ in Hatay Province on 20 February; the earthquake was the result of oblique-normal faulting. This 6.3 event produced an independent cluster of aftershocks with a similar focal mechanism. Aftershocks from the sequence also occurred in the Gulf of Alexandretta, consistent with a northwest–southeast striking fault that produced the large aftershock. This aftershock occurred because the 7.8 event transferred sufficient on another normal fault sufficient for it to fail.
The 7.7 earthquake triggered its own aftershock sequence, including two 6.0 aftershocks. Aftershocks of the second earthquake continued through at least 9 February. Thousands of aftershocks associated with this earthquake were distributed along an east–west trend corresponding to the Çardak Fault for about .
Seismology
A source model for the 7.8 earthquake produced by the USGS from observed seismic waves, taking into account preliminary rupture mapping from satellite data, uses three fault segments with individual lengths, widths, strikes and dips of > × , 028°/85° (Segment 1), > × , 060°/85° (Segment 2) and > × , 025°/75° (Segment 3). The mainshock produced a maximum slip of along Segment 2, beneath Sakarya in Kahramanmaraş Province, northeast of the junction where it meets Segment 1. Another zone of large slip estimated at occurred further northeast along Segment 2, northwest of Adıyaman.
The USGS source model for the 7.7 earthquake which struck nine hours later has three large fault segments with individual lengths, widths, strikes and dips of > × >, 276°/80° (Segment 1), > × >, 250°/80° (Segment 2) and ~ × >, 060°/80° (Segment 3). Maximum displacement occurred on Segment 1 at .
| 2.09375
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72956318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Turkey%E2%80%93Syria%20earthquakes
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2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
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The rupture continued northeast onto the Ekernek segment and to the southwest onto the Amanos segment. The northeastern rupture ceased 55 seconds after initiation while the southwestern rupture ceased near Antakya about 80 seconds later. A 6.8 aftershock occurring 11 minutes later and west of the first M>7 epicenter may have ruptured along the Sakçagöz Fault, the next segment of the DST to the south. Rupture along the EAF during the event occurred at subshear velocity (maximum per second). An analysis of near-field seismic data revealed transient supershear rupture episodes throughout the EAF rupture. Supershear rupture occurred along the northernmost section of the Narlı Fault where it meets the EAF. The rupture transitioned onto the EAF and propagated northeast at supershear velocity until its termination near Malatya. Rupture towards the southwest was mostly subshear, but at the southern termination in Hatay, where the fault has multiple branches and kinks, supershear was likely observed. Supershear rupture at the southern termination contributed to the intense ground motion in Antakya.
The second M>7 earthquake initiated on a separate fault known as the Çardak–Sürgü Fault Zone, part of the northern strand of the East Anatolian Fault. The rupture propagated bilaterally along the Çardak segment, continuing eastwards onto the Sürgü segment before continuing eastwards to Malatya along the northeast–southwest trending Doğanşehir Fault Zone. Rupture also propagated towards the southwest along the Çardak segment. The total rupture length was estimated at . The westward-propagating rupture occurred at supershear velocity (maximum per second) while the eastward-propagating rupture occurred at subshear velocity (maximum per second). The rupture lasted about 35 seconds.
The 6.4 aftershock on 20 February occurred along the Hatay Fault. The focal mechanism indicated normal faulting along a northeast–southwest striking fault.
Surface rupture
| 2.03125
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72956318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Turkey%E2%80%93Syria%20earthquakes
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2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
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The extent of surface ruptures associated with the M7.8 and M7.7 earthquakes have been mapped using a mixture of satellite imagery and ground observations. Pixel matching on images captured by Sentinel-1 before and after the earthquakes showed sharp discontinuities in displacement, revealing two separate zones of surface rupture. The longer of the pair, produced by the first earthquake, measured while the second earthquake produced of surface rupture. These observations were backed up with direct imaging of the ruptures using other satellite data, such as from the DigitalGlobe's WorldView-1, 2 & 3 and GeoEye-1, and by field work. The surface rupture and focal mechanism during the first subevent on the Narlı Fault also indicated a large normal faulting component.
The zone of surface rupture extended from north of Antakya, Hatay Province towards Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş Province and Gölbaşı, Adıyaman Province. Surface ruptures continued north of these cities. Surface rupture occurred in the Amik Valley. The westernmost part of Hatay Airport was damaged by surface ruptures but cracks in the runway were attributed to ground deformation. A major canal was damaged and lead to flooding in parts of the Amik Valley which was formerly Lake Amik. Field observations indicate a maximum displacement of on the surface. Geologists traced a surface rupture trending south from Pazarcık with an offset of . From Golbasi to Nurdağı ground displacements were up to . The surface rupture observed during the M7.8 earthquake was unusually large, comparable to that during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake along the San Andreas Fault.
Large surface offsets of were observed along the Sürgü-Çardak Fault. Along a road west of , the rupture displaced the road left-laterally for . The largest maximum surface offset was ; one of the largest surface offsets ever observed from an earthquake.
Ground motion
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72956318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Turkey%E2%80%93Syria%20earthquakes
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2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
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One of the largest landslides occurred near Tepehan village, Hatay Province; a translational slide which detached a block . This landslide occurred in a region comprising marl and clay-rich limestone. It produced a vertical displacement along its scarp. ITV News reported the landslide scarp was up to long and "wider than a football pitch" in some areas.
Tsunami
Despite an epicenter inland, a tsunami was recorded in the Mediterranean Sea. It was the first recorded tsunami in the eastern Mediterranean Sea region since the one produced by the 1953 6.2 earthquake in Cyprus. The largest wave measured along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Although no underwater surveys results have been made available to identify the sources of these tsunamis, they were likely produced by landsliding at Iskenderun Port and liquefaction on the coastal flatlands of Antakya.
Small tsunami waves were recorded off the coast of Famagusta, Cyprus, without damage. The tsunami measured , and tsunami waves were recorded at at İskenderun and at Erdemli. Tsunami warnings were issued for the southern Turkish coast, southern and eastern Italian coasts and the whole eastern Mediterranean Sea area, but later withdrawn.
Effects on other faults
The earthquake rupture terminated near Suvatlı in the Amik Valley, where some to its east is the Hacıpaşa Fault, a Dead Sea Transform segment. The rupture was arrested by a stepover that connects the East Anatolian Fault with the Hacıpaşa Fault. Though it did not rupture, the Coulomb stress increased on the Hacıpaşa Fault. With a combination of the increases stress, 600–900 years without major earthquakes, and an annual slip rate of , it is a potential source of magnitude 7.0 or greater earthquakes. The accumulated slip along this segment is estimated at . An earthquake "domino effect" remains plausible along the Dead Sea Transform beginning with the Hacıpaşa Fault, as observed along the North Anatolian Fault, where successive earthquakes have migrated westwards along the fault since 1939.
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72956418
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamengrad%20Fort
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Kamengrad Fort
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The Kamengrad Fort is a medieval ruin located on a plateau above the settlement of Donji Kamengrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Geography
The remnants of the Kamengrad fort are located above the river Bliha, alongside the communicational line Sanski Most - Bosanska Krupa - Bihać - Prijedor. The foundation of the fort is triangular, narrowing down on the eastern side. It was frequently renovated.
History
The fort is first mentioned in historical documents in 1374. It belonged to the Diocese of Sana, and it was the property of the Blagajski nobles. The Musalla at Kamengrad devoted to Sultan Fatih Mehmed was built in 1463, but the fort actually changed hands only in 1498. Kamengrad fort was an important military stronghold in the Ottoman Empire. When Ottoman troops conquered Bihaćka Krajina, the importance of Kamengrad fort was reduced. Early looks of Kamegrad have been saved on a gravure found in itinerary of Benedikt Kuripešić in 1530.
The commission for the preservation of national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina has declared Kamengrad Fort a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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72956465
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%20Morello-Frosch
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Rachel Morello-Frosch
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Rachel A. Morello-Frosch is an American environmental health scientist. She is a professor in the Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management & School of Public Health at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2022, Morello-Frosch was elected a Member of the National Academy of Medicine for being a "renowned expert on structural determinants of environmental health inequities" and a "leader in the application of community-engaged data science."
Early life and education
Morello-Frosch was born to immigrant parents Marta Eugenia Morello and Norbert Frosch. Her mother was from Argentina and was a literature professor at Ohio State University and the University of California, Santa Cruz and her father was a Holocaust survivor who emigrated to the US from Austria and became an industrial designer. Morello-Frosch completed her Bachelor of Arts degree in Development Studies, Master's degree in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and her Ph.D. in Environmental Health Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley). While completing her graduate degrees, she underwent chemotherapy for breast cancer. She was also named a 1995 Fellow of the Robert & Patricia Switzer Foundation.
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72957628
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Peruvian%20sentiment
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Anti-Peruvian sentiment
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In Ecuador, anti-Peruvian sentiment is mainly related to irredentism due to the Gran Colombia–Peru War and the border conflict between the two countries. According to former ambassador Eduardo Ponce Vivanco, the violent anti-Peruvianism cultivated in Ecuador is comparable to the anti-Chileanism that subsists in a minority in Peru. The Ecuadorian government came to describe Peru as the "Cain of the Americas" due to its border disputes, in the first years after the signing of the Rio de Janeiro Protocol on 29 January 1942, a treaty that established the borders; in the Ecuadorian streets, phrases such as "Peruvian imperialism" were read. The governments of José María Velasco Ibarra, León Febres Cordero and Jaime Roldós Aguilera had an openly anti-Peruvian position.
In addition, Peruvian historians, such as Germán Leguía and Martínez, have accused Ecuadorian historians of a well-documented and marked anti-Peruvianism when trying to minimize the role of the pro-Peruvian party in Guayaquil, headed by Gregorio Escobedo, during the Independence of Ecuador. Between Them would be included Pio Jaramillo Alvarado, Óscar Efrén Reyes (who would criticize the Peruvians of Saraguro, Cuenca, Loja and Guayaquil, provinces with populations that sought to annex Peru at the beginning of the 21st century, as hindrances to the national unification of Ecuador in Gran Colombia of Bolívar) and Pedro Fermín Cevallos. A certain tendency of the press of the time to fall into anti-Peruvian positions has also been documented, as an example are newspapers that satire and mock the monarchist doctrines of the Royal Army of Peru while justifying the arbitrary annexation of Guayaquil, another case are the newspapers Ecuadorians who belittled the death of the Peruvian caudillo José de la Mar compared to that of the Venezuelan Simon Bolívar.
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72958215
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel%20Castro%20and%20dairy
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Fidel Castro and dairy
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During his life, Fidel Castro had a fascination with dairy products that has been described as an obsession. Due to this, he tried to develop the Cuban dairy industry, which failed in the long term. Dairy has been said to be "as integral to Cuban culture as Cohiba cigars".
Ice cream
Castro was known to eat large quantities of ice cream, and according to Gabriel Garcia Márquez, once ate between 18 and 28 scoops of it after a meal. During the on-going American embargo against Cuba, Castro sent his ambassador to Canada to purchase and ship him 28 containers of ice cream from Howard Johnson's, which was the largest restaurant chain in the United States at the time.
In 1961, the Central Intelligence Agency tried to use Castro's love of ice cream against him. At the time, Castro would order a chocolate milkshake from the Havana Libre Hotel lunch counter every day. Richard Bissell Jr., the CIA deputy director for plans, offered Sam Giancana and Santo Trafficante, Jr., the heads of the Chicago and Tampa crime families, $150,000 to assassinate Castro. They gave a pill of botulinum toxin to a waiter with the goal of putting it in Castro's chocolate milkshake, but the pill froze to the side of the hotel's freezer and broke. This was one of allegedly more than 600 failed assassination attempts on Castro by the CIA.
In 1966, Fidel Castro had a large ice cream parlor built in Havana called Coppelia.
Cheese
One of Fidel Castro's many dairy-themed projects was an attempt to create Camembert cheese better than France's. When the French farmer André Voisin visited Cuba in 1964, Castro gave him some Cuban Camembert. Voisin said that the cheese was "not too bad", and eventually admitted that it was "similar" to the French cheese, but refused to say that it was better than France's. This upset Castro, but Voisin pacified him by telling him that French cheese and Cuban cigars were both backed by hundreds of years of experience, and that like Cuban cigars, French cheese was the best in its category.
Cattle
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72959197
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maja%20Forsslund
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Maja Forsslund
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Ingeborg Augusta Maria (Maja) Forsslund (20 November 1878 – 2 November 1967) was a Swedish folklorist and women's rights activist. She is remembered for enthusiastically collecting folk material in and around Kopparberg in central Sweden, paying special attention to religious folk memories. The local educational association has preserved her findings in its Örebro County's folk history archives as well as in similar archives in Uppsala.
Early life
Born on 20 November 1878 in Kopparberg in central Sweden, Ingeborg Augusta Maria Forsslund was the daughter of the prosperous wholesale merchant Carl Frederik Forsslund and his wife Augusta Christina née Ôhman. The only girl among the family's four children, she attended Kopparberg's elementary school (folkskola).
Career
Forsslund was a member of the local branch of the Swedish Association for Women's Suffrage as described in the chapters she contributed to the local information book Från Ljusnarsbergen (1921). Interested in developing education facilities for ordinary people, she not only wrote books and gave lectures but in 1919 was the driving force behind the establishment of Kopparbergs-Ljusnarsbergs Folkbildningsförening, a folk education association. As books were acquired with assistance from the church, Forsslund put some order into their presentation, preparing the way for the Ljusnarberg Library.
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72960309
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin%20Arenstein
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Justin Arenstein
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Justin Arenstein (born 1970) is a South African journalist, media freedom activist and an internationally recognized innovative media expert. He founded and published Mpumalanga's first investigative news agency, the African Eye News Service (AENS), in 1994. He is the co-founder and CEO of Code for Africa. Before his founding of AENS in 1994, Arenstein was working for Caxton Publishers and was dismissed after protesting the unequal salaries of white and black journalists at the media house.
All of South Africa's media houses had subscriptions with Arenstein's AENS and his investigative news articles appeared in magazines, newspapers and news websites across South Africa, including Mail and Guardian, News24 and Daily Maverick.
He is a Knight fellow of the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) and was also the 2009 - 2010 Knight Fellow at Stanford University for ICFJ.
He is also the co‐founder of South Africa’s first urban magazines that were operated through the HomeGrown Magazines brand and also established Mpumalanga’s first commercial radio station, the MPowerFM. He served on the boards of the Press Council of South Africa, the Open Democracy Advice Center, and was a consultant for Google on digital journalism.
His Code for Africa is the African continent's largest network of digital journalism data that operates forensic labs in 21 African countries, supplying everything from drones and sensors to data analysis and open-source intelligence investigation. It also runs one of Africa's fact-checking network, the PesaCheck, and the counter-disinformation research center named iLab.
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72960633
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskilstunakista
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Eskilstunakista
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General
Early Christian funereal monuments were often constructed near the first churches in Sweden, especially in Götaland. They appear as a Christian funerary custom during the 11th century and consist of limestone slabs with ornamentation and runic inscriptions whose appearance is similar to contemporary rune stones. The slabs are categorized by their function in the coffin as gavel, lid, and side slabs. However, many coffins lack side slabs and in such cases the lid slabs were placed directly on the ground.
The lid and gable slabs are particularly richly ornamented and engraved with runic inscriptions. These grave monuments are especially common in Dals härad in western Östergötland, and Sweden's largest collection of such fragments has been found in i Köpings kyrka, Öland.
The coffins themselves do not contain skeletons but were intended as monuments over the deceased. However, the excavation of two Eskilstuna coffins at Husaby in Västergötland showed that funerals had taken place at a particular plot three times, but the lowest and possibly the middle layers were older than the Eskilstuna coffin.
Successors
In some places, like in Västergötland and in Gotland, these coffins were supplanted in the end of the 11th century or beginning of the 12th century by lily stones, which in Gotland can even be found by the altar inside the churches and used in such ways that they should be considered as graves.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%20B.%20Moser
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Ann B. Moser
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Ann Boody Moser (born 1940) is an American biochemist specializing in neurology. She researches the development of therapies for adrenoleukodystrophy. Moser is an associate professor emerita in neurology at the Johns Hopkins University. She is a research associate in neurology and the co-director of the peroxisomal diseases laboratory at the Kennedy Krieger Institute.
Life
Moser was born in 1940 in Wakefield, Massachusetts. Moser completed a B.A. in biochemistry from Radcliffe College in 1961. As an undergraduate, she was a technician in Konrad Emil Bloch's laboratory. Moser completed an honors thesis under Bloch's guidance. Moser met her future husband, Hugo Moser at the radioactivity counter while they were working in Manfred L. Karnovsky's laboratory in the department of biological chemistry at Harvard Medical School. Several years later, Hugo interviewed and hired Moser for a position in his laboratory at McLean Hospital. They married in December 1963 and she continued researching sulfate metabolism. She was the first to identify cholesterol sulfate in the human brain.
She joined the Kennedy Krieger Institute (KKI) in 1976 as a senior technician. In 1982, she was promoted to assistant in neurology. In the 1980s, Moser and her husband were developing a screening technique to detect adrenoleukodystrophy. In 1992, she became a research associate in neurology. Moser serves as the co-director of the peroxisomal diseases laboratory in the Hugo W. Research Institute at KKI. By 1999, Moser was elected a full member of the American Society for Neurochemistry. In 2017, she was appointed as an associate professor of neurology in the department of neurogenetics at Johns Hopkins University. She is an associate professor emerita in neurology.
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72960871
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediglissa
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Pediglissa
|
Pediglissa () is a subclass of phagotrophic protists that inhabit soil or freshwater habitats. They were defined in 2018 according to phylogenetic analyses that showed a clade containing the orders Cercomonadida and Glissomonadida. They're the sister group of Paracercomonadida.
Morphology and behavior
Pediglissa are biciliate protists that glide on their posterior cilium and have a strong tendency to become amoeboid during feeding, unlike the metromonads. Their pseudopodia are more often shaped like rounded lamellae than finger-like or filose pseudopodia, unlike the paracercomonads. Their anterior cilium is often well developed, unlike in helkesids, but can be short in glissomonads; it moves with an undulating oar-like beat. The trophic cells (i.e. feeding forms) are naked, without a theca, scales, or perles, unlike in Thecofilosea and many freshwater Imbricatea.
Diversity
Pediglissa includes the majority of known cercozoan soil flagellates, all gliding on a single posterior cilium only: the largely bacterivorous Cercomonadida, and the Glissomonadida which include pansomonads and the algivorous Viridiraptoridae of recent description.
| 2.90625
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72960932
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel%20of%20Bi%C3%AAn%20H%C3%B2a
|
Citadel of Biên Hòa
|
Citadel of Biên Hòa (Vietnamese: Thành cổ Biên Hòa) is a historic site located in Quang Vinh ward, Biên Hòa, Đồng Nai. It is considered the only ancient citadel in the Southern Vietnam that still exists today.
The remains of the old citadel is a laterite wall surrounding a 10,816.5 m2 wide campus. Inside the citadel, there is a French architecture manson.
History
The land of former Biên Hòa had had an older citadel built by the Chenla people. In 1834, Emperor Minh Mang ordered to rebuild that citadel with clay and called it Thành Cựu (meaning 'Old Citadel' in English). By 1837, it was upgraded to laterite citadel and renamed Thành Biên Hòa. At that time, it was the second largest citadel in the Southern Vietnam, only after Gia Định citadel.
After the French colonialists invaded Vietnam, they shrunk the citadel to get land for other constructions. The citadel itself was used as a luxury barracks by the French army. Therefore, it was also called Thành Soldat . Soldat is a French word, means soldier. And because the soldiers used to blow the trumpet (Vietnamese: Kèn) to sound the alarm, the locals called it Thành Kèn.
After the Liberation of the South in 1975, the citadel is managed by current Đồng Nai Provincial Government.
Conservation
After many years of war, the citadel was seriously degraded. The Vietnamese government has made many efforts to repair and restore it.
In 2013, it was recognized as a national historical relic.
| 2.25
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72961053
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational%20safety%20and%20health%20literacy
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Occupational safety and health literacy
|
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) literacy is the degree to which individuals have the functional capacity to access, process and use the occupational safety and health (OSH) information, services and skills needed to eliminate or reduce risk in the workplace.
Overview
OSH is the acronym for occupational safety and health. It is sometimes also referred to simply as health and safety (H&S), occupational health and safety (OHS) and workplace safety and health (WSH). In recent years the term has expanded to include environmental and quality assurance concepts. You may also see OSH referred to as occupational safety and health and environment (OSHE) safety, health and environment (SHE), environment, health and safety (EHS), Safety Health Environment and Quality (SHEQ) as well as several other terms. However, OSH is the most established term and is used by many major national and international bodies working in the field of workplace safety and health such as: OSHA and NIOSH (US), EU-OSHA (EU), ASEAN-OSHNET (Asia), KOSHA (South Korea) IOSH (international). The United Nations (UN), Occupational Safety and Health | UN Global Compact, International Labour Organization (ILO) Occupational safety and health and World Health Organization (WHO), also specifically use the term OSH when relating to workplace safety and health issues. The term is specifically used in the UN Sustainable Development Goals SDGs 2030 under SDG 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth and is also closely tied to SDG 3.
| 3.078125
| 0
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72961227
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy%20Mounir
|
Nancy Mounir
|
For her debut album, Nozhet El Nofous (نزهة النفوس – Promenade of the Souls), released in 2022, Mounir spent years of research on biographies and music of popular female Egyptian singers in the 1920s such as Mounira El Mahdeya, Hayat Sabri and Fatma Serry, who were popular Egyptian musical stars before the era of Umm Kulthum. Apart from these artists' musical careers, Mounir was interested in their musical tuning systems, which were not part of the dominant musical scales in the Arabic mainstream of the day. Arabic microtonal scales or maqamat are a mainly melodic system of tonal-spatial, rather than rhythmic structure. According to Mounir, the gender and artistic choices were reasons why such female singers were excluded from the influential 1932 Congress of Arab Music in Cairo. Attended by prominent Arab and Western musicians and musicologists, this congress lead to a standardisation of Arabic music under the influence of Western musical traditions, where microtones were integrated into their nearest quarter tone. Qualifying these singers as "musical rebels", Mounir aimed to study their "passions, desires and afterlives in contemporary Egyptian society". Further, she said "Microtones are used in rituals all over the world. I believe that we were born to sing in microtones. Every ethnicity develops them in their own logic and through different trajectories."
During the production of her album, Mounir used archival materials and recordings of various singers and composed her own music "to reconstruct a non-existent memory." Thus, Nozhet El Nofous became a "musical dialogue" between Mounir’s own arrangements and the historical musicians whom she called “the ghosts”, "exploring their legacies a century onwards."
Reception
In October 2021, Nozhet El Nofous was premiered at Cairo's Institute of Arab Music, the same place where the Congress had been held in 1932, "thus reviving these singers’ voices where they were once excluded and erased."
| 2.328125
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72961886
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill%20House%20%28Plymouth%2C%20Massachusetts%29
|
Churchill House (Plymouth, Massachusetts)
|
Churchill House is a historic seventeenth-century house (circa 1662) located at 250 Sandwich Street, Plymouth, Massachusetts.
History
According to one source, "[t]he Churchill family arrived in the neighborhood as early as 1643 when John Churchill settled east of Sandwich Street." Churchill House was originally believed to have been the home of John's son, Joseph Churchill, and built between 1672 and 1695, but dendrochronology in 2022 shows that the earliest part of the house was built around 1662.
The house is currently owned by Elizabeth Creeden who has owned the property since 1964 when she and her husband John acquired it from Lewis Morton, who acquired it from Edward W. Bradford in 1954. Bradford acquired it from Arthur Finney in 1924.
Discovery of age
By the 1970s the owners of Churchill house "uncover[ed] within the shell of the late eighteenth-or early nineteenth-century-appearing house at 250 Sandwich Street in Plymouth of a story-and-a-half seventeenth-century planked frame with crossed summer beams". In 2022 dendrochronologists discovered that beams from the oldest portion of the house were felled in the 1650s and in 1661 or 1662, likely making it the oldest house in Plymouth verified with dendrochronology (as well as the third oldest verified in Massachusetts) according to Professor J. Ritchie Garrison who said "the results are indisputable" and will be presented at the 2023 Vernacular Architecture Forum in Plymouth. According to the survey "[t]he south side of the house was the original front, and just inside the door is a small landing and a staircase that leads straight up to a second floor. The original roof beams as well as a slightly later addition that raised the height of the roof are still visible in the stairwell. The paneling that formed the original walls is still there too."
| 2.046875
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72961889
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn%20Mendoza
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Joaquín Mendoza
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Joaquín Mendoza (Pamplona, Navarra, c. 1733–Gerona, 1809) was a Spanish field marshal and military governor of Gerona.
Early career
Mendoza studied at the Military Academy of Barcelona from 1752 to 1754 and was promoted to second lieutenant of the 1st Artillery Battalion in February 1756.
In 1764, he was appointed sergeant major of the Company of Cadets at the Royal College of Artillery at Segovia, where he was promoted successively until February 1774, when he was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 1st Artillery Battalion.
At the outbreak of the War of the Pyrenees he was sent to the Army of Rosellón, where he was promoted to colonel in October 1793 and colonel of Artillery the following year. As the commanding officer of Artillery at Sant Ferran Castle, he was taken prisoner when the fortress, against his judgement, capitulated on 29 November 1794.
He was interned in Francia, and on his return to Spain was court-martialled and absolved in 1799, as well as being promoted to brigadier.
During the War of the Oranges (1801), as the commander of the batteries that led to the capitulation of the fortress, Mendoza participated at the siege of Campo Maior.
Following the signing of the Treaty of Badajoz, which ceded Olivenza to Spain, in December 1801 Mendoza was appointed military governor of the fortress, post he held until the following July, when he was appointed military governor of Gerona. In 1802 he was promoted to field marshal.
Peninsular War
At the outbreak of the war, a popular uprising forced Mendoza to give up his post as military governor, and Julian Bolivar was appointed interim governor in June 1808.
When General Álvarez de Castro took command of the fortress, Mendoza offered his services in the defence of the fortified town. He was stationed at the Sarracines gatehouse where, on 24 August 1809, during the third siege, he was gravely wounded in the head, dying from his wound the following December.
| 2.171875
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72962050
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative%20structure%20of%20The%20Lord%20of%20the%20Rings
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Narrative structure of The Lord of the Rings
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Shippey comments that the work gave the impression, despite "much reworking", that Tolkien had been "initially groping for a story and keeping himself going with a sort of travelogue". In search of material, Tolkien indulged in "a sort of self-plagiarism", repurposing and expanding his own earlier inventions from, for instance, the poem "The Adventures of Tom Bombadil" which he had written in 1934. This gave him the characters Tom Bombadil, Old Man Willow, and the Barrow-wight. Tolkien's professional knowledge of philology, too, came to his aid, with careful concern for places and placenames, starting in the rather English Shire and then moving outside it. Finally, Tolkien allowed himself a measure of whimsical fun, describing the delicious meals the Hobbit protagonists were able to enjoy when each adventure was over, singing cheerful songs in the form of poems embedded in the text, taking hot baths in Crickhollow, and most pleasurably, constructing humorous dialogue. Shippey comments that "Tolkien found it too easy, and too amusing, just to let the Hobbits chatter on." His friends had to tell him to cut back the Hobbit-talk.
Cycles and spirals
In A Tolkien Compass, the scholar of literature David M. Miller describes both The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings as "there and back again" tales "with various digressive adventures upon the way". In his view, the setting is thus the road, and the novel is to an extent picaresque, with the crucial distinction that the components are nearly always essential to the plot. The protagonist, Bilbo and then Frodo, experiences one adventure after another, "perhaps learning and maturing as he goes, but encountering each experience essentially afresh." Miller identifies nine such "cycles" in The Fellowship of the Ring:
| 2.375
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78767960
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2MASS%20J04202144%2B2813491
|
2MASS J04202144+2813491
|
2MASS J04202144+2813491 (also known as Tau 042021) is an edge-on protoplanetary disk in the Taurus Molecular Cloud.
The star is hidden behind the edge-on disk. Early estimates found that it has a mass of 0.272 ±0.009 , but a later study did find a higher mass of 0.3–0.4 . The object is located on the western edge of the 130 parsec distant LDN 1495 cloud, which is part of the Taurus clouds. One study used CO emission to measure the radial velocity of the disk, which is similar to the radial velocity of the LDN 1495 cloud. The spectral type was measured to be M1 with the Hobby Eberly Telescope, making it a red dwarf. Emission lines from H-alpha and calcium are noted to be present in the spectrum. Ultraviolet excess is seen as an indicator for accretion. The star accretes at least 2x10−11 /year of gas from its surrounding protoplanetary disk. This was measured from hydrogen recombination lines originating in accretion shocks.
The protoplanetary disk
The disk was discovered in 2009 as an infrared excess object with Spitzer in Taurus and was resolved in the same work with I-band CFHT images. The disk blocks the light of the star, making it possible to observe the disk without a coronagraph. The radius of the disk was first measured at 2.5 arcseconds or 350 astronomical units (AU). The disk was classified as a class II disk, meaning the disk contains dust and gas, but is more evolved than class 0/I disks. The dust mass of the disk is estimated to be between 163 and 432 , depending on the model. Variability of the disk is seen from the optical to the mid-infrared.
| 2.015625
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78768052
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest%20theatre%20in%20the%20Philippines
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Protest theatre in the Philippines
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Many of the founders of these groups were graduates of PETA’s three day Basic Integrated Theater Arts Workshop (BITAW) workshop course, whose alumni established theater groups in regions as varied as Davao, Lanao del Norte, Negros, Leyte, and Samar. On the island of Mindanao, these groups wer organized into the Mindanao Community Theater Network through the influence
of BITAW alumnus and Redemptorist anthropologist, sociologist, theologian, and missionary Father Karl Gaspar.
Theater groups from UP Diliman
Contributing to the rise of regional theater groups were efforts with the University of the Philippines Diliman to bring theater to the countryside, particularly in the nearby provinces in Central Luzon. The "UP Tropang Bodabil" (Vaudeville Troupe) renamed itself Peryante and committed itself to street theater performances, And Behn Cervantes, who had founded Gintong Silahis for the SDK, also set out to create a theater group specifically for the University - the UP Repertory.
Playwrights and performers as human rights victims
Many of the members of these various theater companies later became victims of the various Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship. Notable deaths among Panday Sining members included those of Merardo Arce, Leo Alto, and the brothers Romulo and Armando Palabay while Rizalina Ilagan was among the group of desaparacidos known as the Southern Tagalog 10. In Negros, Joji Paduano of Patbutlak Cultural Theater was also killed. Panday Sining founder Boni Ilagan, Gintong Silahis director Behn Cervantes, and Mindanao Community Theater Network founder Father Karl Gaspar were all arrested and tortured at various times during the dictatorship.
| 2.421875
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78768097
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siming%20Zhili
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Siming Zhili
|
In 995, Zhili settled at Baoenyuan (保恩院, later renamed Yanqing yuan) on Mt. Siming (四明山), a "public" (shifang zhuchi) monastery which had been reserved for the Tiantai school by imperial decree. Zhili would remain for the rest of his life. Zhili, his co-abbot Yiwen worked to restore the dilapidated temple, making it into a key center for the Song Tiantai revival. He spent much of his time lecturing and performing Tiantai repentance writes as well as writing. Zhili's writings are deeply concerned with establishing and defending the orthodox Tiantai philosophy (which Zhili termed "home mountain") against other interpretations influenced by the Chan and Huayan schools that had begun to make their way within Tiantai circles (which Zhili derogatorily refers to as "off the [Tiantai] mountain"). His writings also defend Tiantai ritual practices like the Lotus Repentance ritual against interpretations of sudden enlightenment that could undermine such practices.
In 1003, the Japanese Tendai Pure Land scholar Genshin (942–1017) sent a disciple to China with a series of questions for Zhili. Zhili responded and his letters have survived. Zhili also reportedly read Geshin's Ōjōyōshū (Essentials of Birth in the Pure Land) and was deeply moved by it.
In his later years (from 1013 to 1028), Zhiyi's activities turned to working out Tiantai Pure Land doctrine and working to involve laypersons in Pure Land Buddhist societies. During this later period of his life he also promoted other gatherings, such as life release ceremonies and conferral of bodhisattva precepts to laypersons.
| 2.0625
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78768097
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siming%20Zhili
|
Siming Zhili
|
The practical side of Zhili's Pure Land Buddhism manifested in his extensive practice of Pure Land repentance rituals. Furthermore, Zhili, along with his contemporary Ciyun Zunshi (慈云尊师), also promoted lay Buddhist Pure Land practice by founding pure land lay societies. Zhili founded a pure land "lotus society" (lianshe) for laypersons and monks called nianfo hui which may have included ten thousand men and women and which focused on the simple practice of reciting the Buddha's name. The nianfo society was run by lay "assembly heads" who would be in charge of groups of 48 members and would issue nianfo calendars for keeping track of the recitation of the Buddha's name (the main practice taught in the society). Each member would sign up to recite the Buddha's name 1000 times per day, as well as for repenting of their transgressions and for reciting the bodhisattva vows. Yearly society meetings at Yanqing yuan temple would include the public announcement of the recitations and achievements of the members. They would also pass out the nianfo charts or calendars (nianfo tu) to the members, a feat which was completed using woodblock printing technology.
Zhili's society was one of the earliest such lay focused Pure Land societies, a phenomenon which become very popular during and after the Song dynasty. As such it served as a model for similar later Pure Land groups. The society also shows the growth in popularity achieved by Buddhism among the populace during the Song.
Works
Some of Zhili's key works include:
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78768125
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agave%20verdensis
|
Agave verdensis
|
Agave verdensis, the Sacred Mountain agave, is a perennial plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae.
Etymology
The scientific name makes reference to Verde Valley, Arizona where the species occurs, while the common name refers to the Sacred Mountain archaeological site, as the species grows nearby and is believed to have been cultivated by the same culture.
Description
Agave verdensis is a perennial rosette-forming plant with succulent leaves, 50–60 cm tall and wide and producing abundant offsets. The leaves are short-lanceolate to short-oblanceolate, pointed, bluish gray, maroon distally, typicaly with marginal teeth bent downwards but occasionally upright, upturned or recurved. Flowers have a sweet musky smell and are produced in clusters in large inflorescences 4.5-6 m tall. Tepals are greenish, the stamens are cream-yellow, and the ovary is light green. The fruits are linear-oblong to obovoid, with valves 11–18 mm wide, stipes 1–4 mm long. Fully mature seeds are 5×6.5 mm. The species is diploid.
The flowering season is short (late June to mid July) and synchronous, i.e. all plants that flower in a given year develop around the same time.
Distribution
The species grows on rocky substrates in Coconino and Yavapai counties in Arizona at altitudes between 900 and 1500 m.
| 2.734375
| 0
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78768321
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects%20of%20Typhoon%20Yagi%20in%20Vietnam
|
Effects of Typhoon Yagi in Vietnam
|
The National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting predicted that Typhoon Yagi would make landfall in Vietnam between the Quảng Ninh and Haiphong areas. In preparation, authorities advised against fishing in dangerous waters, holding outdoor events, and urged people to reinforce home defenses and inspect dykes, particularly at landing sites. Twelve northern provinces closed schools in anticipation of the storm, affecting over 6.5 million students, including those in Haiphong, Quảng Ninh, Bắc Giang, Nam Định, Thái Bình, Hanoi, Hà Nam, Phú Thọ, and Ninh Bình. Coastal areas from Quảng Ninh to Nghệ An banned boat operations, and around 310 domestic and international flights scheduled for 7 September were cancelled. Nearly 50,000 people were evacuated from northern coastal regions. Airports, including Nội Bài (Hanoi), Cát Bi (Haiphong), Vân Đồn (Quảng Ninh), and Thọ Xuân (Thanh Hóa), were asked to suspend operations on 7 September for specific periods. Various domestic media recommended using Google Maps to track the typhoon and receive updates.For the first time in history, a disaster risk of Level 4/5 on Vietnam's disaster risk scale was issued for the Gulf of Tonkin. On the morning of 6 September, one day before the expected landfall, Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính issued an urgent directive to provincial and city officials, as well as relevant ministers, to take immediate action to minimize the storm's impact. Ferry services between the mainland and Phú Quốc in southern Vietnam were also suspended starting 6 September. The Ministry of Industry and Trade instructed local authorities to stockpile essential supplies for five to ten days. Twelve rail routes in the North–south railway system were halted. The People's Army of Vietnam deployed 460,000 personnel to assist in disaster response. A friendly football match within the 2024 LPBank Cup between Thailand and Russia scheduled for 7 September at Mỹ Đình National Stadium in Hanoi was also cancelled.
| 2
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78768321
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects%20of%20Typhoon%20Yagi%20in%20Vietnam
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Effects of Typhoon Yagi in Vietnam
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Elsewhere, downstream regions like Hà Nam (Đáy River) and Ninh Bình (Hoàng Long River) also saw peak flood levels above Level 3 thresholds, leading to severe flooding. In Ninh Bình, provincial authorities issued an evacuation order on the afternoon of 12 September but rescinded it less than a day later. On the Thái Bình River system, the Cầu River's peak level at Thái Nguyên reached , exceeding Level 3 flood warning thresholds by . Similarly, the Cầu River at Bắc Ninh and the Thương River at Bắc Giang also surpassed Level 3 flood warning thresholds. In Hải Dương, peak levels on the Thái Bình River and Kinh Thầy River reached the highest levels in 28 years, exceeding Level 3 flood warning thresholds. At Phả Lại, the Thái Bình River peaked at on the evening of 12 September, the highest since 2003. Large floods were also reported on other northern rivers such as the Ninh Cơ, Kinh Môn, Gùa, and Trà Lý Rivers. Some areas in Haiphong experienced storm surges, with water levels rising up to . Additionally, heavy rain caused water from upstream to flow into the Thác Bà Hydropower Reservoir, rapidly raising its water level to a "historic level" of 5,600 cubic meters per second. The reservoir was forced to release water through three spillway gates. Authorities prepared for the possibility of breaching an auxiliary dam; however, as water levels subsided, this measure was avoided, and the Thác Bà Hydropower Plant remained safe. The Hòa Bình and Tuyên Quang reservoirs also opened two and eight spillway gates, respectively.
| 2.046875
| 0
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78768321
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects%20of%20Typhoon%20Yagi%20in%20Vietnam
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Effects of Typhoon Yagi in Vietnam
|
The media and online communities labeled those who falsified donation records as engaging in "phông bạt" () referring to individuals seeking attention or fabricating charitable contributions. Some apologized and expressed remorse, while others avoided responsibility or shifted blame. Certain individuals even exploited donation drives for personal gain. The government stated that those violating regulations could face fines of 2–3 million VND for "using fraudulent methods to appropriate property."
Following the publication of donation records, new online tools were introduced to facilitate quick searches of contributors’ accounts. However, these tools also sparked debates within the online community. According to Dân Trí, many argued that the transparency of donor information remained inadequate, potentially harming individuals’ or organizations’ reputations through misuse of these data to fabricate or undermine contributions and identities.
Lê Quý Đôn Primary School in Gò Vấp district, Ho Chi Minh City implemented a policy of awarding certificates of appreciation to students who donated 100,000 VND or more to support those affected by the typhoon. Students who donated less than this amount only received a letter of commendation from their homeroom teachers. The school's leadership faced criticism for this practice, with many arguing that it was "inappropriate." Katinat, a chain of beverage stores, posted on their official Facebook page about donating 1,000 VND for each drink sold to support people in northern Vietnam. However, Katinat later issued an apology after receiving mixed feedback. The store also announced it had directly donated 1 billion VND to the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, instead of basing its donation on the number of drinks sold each day as initially planned.
| 2.125
| 0
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78768547
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop%20H.%20Fairbank
|
Winthrop H. Fairbank
|
Winthrop Harvey Fairbank (March 13, 1857–February 13, 1922) was an American farmer and politician from Sudbury, Massachusetts. Fairbank represented the 13th Middlesex district as a Democrat in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1910 to 1912.
Career
In 1857, Fairbank was born in Sudbury to Emily A. Wheeler and Jonathan Parker Fairbank. He was a sixth-generation descendant of Jonathan Fairbanks, an English colonist, who built the Fairbanks House in Dedham.
A farmer by trade, Fairbank purchased Fairbank Farm on Old Sudbury Road in 1880 and expanded into dairy farming a decade later. Fairbank later married Ida Nancy Haynes in 1889. They had three children: Parker Wheeler; Harvey Nathan; and Myra Louise, later Baldwin.
In 1909, Fairbank ran to represent the 13th Middlesex district as a Democrat in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He then won the election against Charles W. Prescott of Concord. Fairbank did not seek reelection and was succeeded by Waldo L. Stone, also from Sudbury. He continued in politics by serving as a Selectman for the Town of Sudbury from 1914 until his death in 1922. Fairbank died in Concord, and three days later, his funeral was held at the First Parish of Sudbury.
The Sudbury Historical Society contains a cabinet card portrait of Fairbank, photographed by Elmer Chickering in 1910.
| 2.140625
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78768632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant%20%28sculpture%29
|
Elephant (sculpture)
|
The Elephant (; ) is a concrete sculpture in Szczecin, Poland, made in 1934 by Kurt Schwerdtfeger. It is located at the intersection of Poznańska and Szczecińska Streets, in the neighbourhood of Warszewo. The statue depicts a small elephant.
History
The Elephant was sculptured in 1934 by Kurt Schwerdtfeger as the main element of a small fountain at the intersection of Poznańska and Szczecińska Streets. It stood in the centre of a small fountain bassin, and shoot water out of its trunk. After the Second World War, the sculpture was renovated and remodeled numerous times. During one of them, its trunk have been shortened and changed from pointing straight up, to curling behind its head.
The fountain operated until the 1960s. Later, its bassin was filled up with sand, and eventually deconstructed in 2004, being replaced with a grass lawn. The sculpture was renovated again in 2016.
While there have been calls to restore the fountain, it was decided against, as water could damage ageing and deteriorating sculpture.
Characteristics
The sculpture is made from concrete, and depicts a small elephant, with its trunk elevated above its head, and curled to the back. It is placed in the centre of small garden square at the intersection of Poznańska and Szczecińska Streets.
| 2.140625
| 0
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78768646
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agave%20yavapaiensis
|
Agave yavapaiensis
|
Agave yavapaiensis, the Page Springs agave, is a perennial plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae.
Etymology
The scientific name makes reference to both Yavapai County and the Yavapai people, while the common name refers to the area where it occurs, Page Springs, Arizona.
Description
Agave yavapaiensis is a perennial rosette-forming plant with succulent leaves, 60-70 cm tall and wide and producing abundant offsets. The leaves are narrowly elliptic to linear-oblanceolate, abruptly pointed, blue-green gray, with marginal teeth ranging from porrect to deflexed. Flowers have a sweet musky smell and are produced in clusters in large inflorescences 4-6 m tall. Tepals are greenish-yellow, the stamens are cream-yellow, and the ovary is green to dark green. The fruits are linear to linear-oblong, with valves 8–12 mm wide, stipes 4.5–6 mm long. Fully mature seeds are 4×5 mm. The species is diploid.
Distribution
The species is only known from Yavapai County in Arizona. It grows primarily on rocky, igneous substrates, though it has been found on calcareous soils as well. It grows at altitudes of 1000–1700 m.
Domestication
All populations of Agave yavapaiensis grow near archaeological sites from the Pre-Columbian Sinagua culture. The species reproduces mainly by offsets and only produces few viable seeds. As such, it is believed that it was domesticated and farmed by the Sinagua culture, likely for multiple uses including food, fibre and for making beverages. Apart from the abundant production of offsets, Agave yavapaiensis shows other traits that would have promoted harvesting and production, including a large size, small, curved marginal teeth on the leaves, ease of cut, and a very sweet taste when roasted. Cultivation was likely abandoned post-1450 CE following the decline, reorganization and migration of indigenous people in the American Southwest, but the species persisted in areas where it was formerly cultivated.
| 2.625
| 0
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78768727
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20modicella
|
Amastra modicella
|
Amastra modicella is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 11 mm, its diameter 5.6 mm.
(Original description) The shell is openly perforate, dextral, thin, and fragile, with a pale brownish-white appearance in its fossilized state. The whorls of the protoconch are minutely but distinctly striated and convex. Subsequent whorls are also convex, sharply and irregularly sculptured with growth wrinkles that become progressively coarser with each successive whorl. The sutures are relatively deep.
The aperture is relatively large and broad for a shell of this size, featuring a prominently convex outer margin. Unlike most species in this genus, the outer margin is not distinctly biangular. The columella is narrowly triangular with a straight outer margin. The columellar fold is very weak, diagonal, and extends nearly to the base of the columella.
The umbilicus is minute, nearly circular, and bordered by a rounded edge.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawai.
| 2.265625
| 0
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78768856
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sudd%C4%AB
|
Al-Suddī
|
Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Suddī (died 745) was a popular preacher and Qurʾānic exegete in Kūfa. His nickname al-Suddī comes from his habit of sitting on the threshold (sudd) of the Great Mosque of Kūfa. His status as a traditionist is unclear, since his presence in isnāds is often inauthentic and he was sometimes accused of fabrication. He criticized Abū Bakr and ʿUmar and was accused of having Shīʿī tendencies (tashayyuʿ). His reputation rests on his exegesis, which was considered inconsequential by al-Shaʿbī and merely "popular" by Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʿr, but was cited extensively in al-Ṭabarī's Tafsīr.
Al-Suddī relied on Jewish and Christian traditions. His accounts "are to a large extent essentially rewritten Qurʾan, reminiscent of the qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ", the stories about the prophets. He is probably responsible for an account of the episode of the Satanic verses which depicts Muḥammad, unaware of what he has uttered, being carried through the city of Mecca on the shoulders of his cheering companions before being corrected by Gabriel.
| 1.90625
| 0
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78768996
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastra%20pagodula
|
Amastra pagodula
|
Amastra pagodula is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 10.9 mm, its diameter 7.4 mm.
(Original description) The shell is narrowly umbilicate, dextral, conic, and thin. In its fossilized state, the upper whorls are ochraceous-orange, while the body whorl is lighter in color, fading into a broad white patch behind the peristome. The spire is conic with an acute apex and nearly straight outlines.
The whorls of the protoconch are slightly extended and flatly convex, with the first whorl smooth and polished and the second minutely and closely striated. The subsequent whorls are nearly flat and obliquely sculptured with coarse, irregular growth wrinkles. The body whorl is short and strongly carinate, with the carina positioned above the suture of the preceding two whorls. The base is flattened and somewhat contracted around the umbilicus. The carina is slightly granulose, flattened below, and bordered along its lower margin by a shallow sulcus.
The aperture is small, very oblique, and distinctly contracted at the top, nearly quadrate in outline. The outer margin, modified by the carina, forms an obtuse angle. Above the carina, the margin is slightly flattened, while below, it is gently arcuate, forming an angle with the base of the columella and reinforced by a thin, delicate lip rib.
The columella is narrowly triangular, with its inner margin slightly oblique and its outer margin thin and semi-erect. The columellar fold is large, nearly basal in position, subtransverse, and terminates abruptly at the outer margin of the columella. The umbilicus is nearly circular, with a sharply defined and slightly contracted margin, and is broader internally.
Distribution
This species is endemic to Hawai, occurring in Pleistocene strata.
| 2.046875
| 0
|
78769104
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphimerycidae
|
Amphimerycidae
|
The earliest history of the Amphimerycidae was in 1804 when the French naturalist Georges Cuvier erected Anoplotherium minimum in 1804, stating that unlike with other species assigned to Anoplotherium (A. commune, A. medium, and A. minus), A. minimum lacked known postcranial fossil evidence. In 1822, he emended A. minimum to A. murinum (noting that the species still lacked postcranial evidence unlike with other Anoplotherium species) and classified it to the subgenus Dichobune. In 1848, the French palaeontologist Auguste Pomel erected the genus Amphimeryx for the reclassified species A. murinus, arguing that it was close to ruminants in affinity.
In a palaeontology textbook dating back to 1891–1893, the German palaeontologist Karl Alfred von Zittel classified Amphimeryx to the artiodactyl family Xiphodontidae. Swiss palaeontologist Hans Georg Stehlin reclassified it and the newly recognized Pseudamphimeryx to their own family, the Amphimerycidae, in 1910. He also noted that while Amphimeryx was long thought thought to have been closely related to Xiphodon, the possibility that both the Amphimerycidae and Xiphodon independently acquired similar anatomical traits cannot be eliminated. The French palaeontologist Jean Viret gave a formal diagnosis of the Amphimerycidae in 1961.
Classification
| 2.640625
| 0
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78769104
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphimerycidae
|
Amphimerycidae
|
Both amphimerycid genera are best known by the "cubonavicular" bone (fused cuboid bone and navicular bone of the hind legs) recorded in multiple species; the morphology of the astragalus of P. renevieri further attests to anatomical support of the fused bone. This trait has also been recorded in ruminants, suggesting that the amphimerycids and ruminants independently acquired the trait in an instance of parallel evolution. The primitive state of the astragalus sets Amphimeryx apart from ruminants; the approximately equal sizes of its trochleas and more rounded edge of its sustentacular facet also sets the genus apart from the Cainotheriidae. In Amphimeryx, the metatarsal digits III and IV are elongated and partially fused to each other while the side digits II and V are greatly reduced to small but needlelike forms. Digit III measures long while digit II is no more than long. These traits are similarly recorded in derived ruminants, which have tetradactyl (four-toed) feet, absent digit I, reduced digits II and V, and fused digits III and IV that make up the cannon bone (the now-extinct primitive ruminants had pentadactyl (five-toed) feet, unreduced digits II and V, and unfused digits III and IV). Like other artiodactyls with only two elongated digits in each foot (digits III and IV), Amphimeryx was functionally didactyl, meaning that it walked only on its two elongated toes per foot.
Palaeoecology
Middle Eocene
| 2.578125
| 0
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78769655
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvary%20Cemetery%20%28St.%20Paul%2C%20Minnesota%29
|
Calvary Cemetery (St. Paul, Minnesota)
|
Calvary Cemetery is a Catholic cemetery in Saint Paul, Minnesota, established in 1856.
History
The first Catholic cemetery in St. Paul was next to the log Chapel of Saint Paul. Prior to 1849, eleven people had been buried in it. In 1853, it was abandoned when a new cemetery was built at Marshall and Western streets, the current location of Saint Joseph's Academy. However, with the city still expanding quickly, forty acres of land were purchased for $4,000 in 1856. Bodies were moved to the new location from the Marshall location on November 2, 1856 (All Souls Day) in a solemn procession to the new location, called Calvary cemetery. It is one of the oldest cemeteries in Minnesota.
Some 50,000 burials were recorded from 1856 to 1930. There are currently more than 103,000 internments.
The cemetery is currently around 100 acres in size.
Notable interments
Paul Castner, pitcher for the Chicago White Sox
Joseph Crétin, first bishop of the Diocese of Saint Paul
Pierce Butler, associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1923 – 1939)
Austin Dowling, second archbishop of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul
Thomas Grace, second bishop of the Diocese of Saint Paul
Theodore Hamm, founder of Hamm's Brewery
John Ireland third bishop and first archbishop of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul
Emmanuel Louis Masqueray, architect
Mike O'Dowd, boxer, World Middleweight champion from 1917 to 1920
Augustin Ravoux, French priest and missionary
| 1.929688
| 0
|
78769706
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Hubert%20Oldham
|
Charles Hubert Oldham
|
Charles Hubert Oldham (1859–1926) was an Irish economics professor.
Early life
Born in Monkstown, County Dublin, Oldham was educated at Kingstown Grammar School, and then studied at Trinity College Dublin. His sisters were Edith Best (who married Richard Irvine Best) and Alice Oldham. His elder brother Eldred (seven years older than him) was a painter.
Career
Oldham was the first professor of National Economics (1917 to 1926) at University College Dublin. Prior to that, he had been professor of commerce (1909 to 1917). Oldham was a prominent member of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland, for whom he was Barrington Lecturer (1895 to 1901) and President from 1924 to 1926.
Politics
In his Dictionary of Irish Biography entry, Oldham is described as a "Gladstonian liberal", but also holding strong Irish nationalist sympathies as an admirer of the writings of Young Irelander Thomas Osborne Davis. A close friend of Oldham was Irish separatist and Fenian John O'Leary. Oldham managed the southern (Dublin) branch of the Irish Protestant Home Rule Association which he had founded in 1886.
Personal life
Oldham was friends with analytical chemist Arthur Cranwill (treasurer of the Irish Protestant Home Rule Association), and encouraged his daughter, the future designer and metal artist Mia Cranwill to study Irish history and mythology during her visits to Dublin. Oldham married German painter Katharina (née Taesler) in the mid-1880s. They had no children, and she survived him following his death on 20 February 1926.
Publications
| 2.6875
| 0
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78770267
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Weiner
|
Red Weiner
|
Albert "Red" Weiner (January 24, 1911 – September 17, 1988) was an American multi-sport professional athlete and coach. He played football as a back in the National Football League (NFL) with the Philadelphia Eagles for one season and also played several years of minor league baseball. Additionally, he also played with a number of non-NFL professional football teams.
Early life
Albert Weiner was born on January 24, 1911, in Woodbine, New Jersey, and was Jewish. He was one of four brothers, each of whom were athletes, and three – Albert, Mickey, and Bernie – played professional football. His parents were initially opposed to any of the brothers playing sports, but later became "great fans" after Mickey, the oldest, began playing football.
Weiner attended Irvington High School in New Jersey where he was a standout athlete. He entered the school in 1926 and made the varsity teams in four sports as a freshman: baseball, track and field, football, and basketball. He went on to be considered the school's greatest athlete, according to The Star-Ledger, winning 15 varsity letters out of 16 possible, only missing one track and field letter as a sophomore due to injury. He was named the team captain in both football and basketball and recalled being named all-state in both football and baseball.
Weiner was a catcher in baseball, a back in football, and a guard in basketball. He batted over .400 in baseball and was described as "an excellent running back in the single wing in football, and a kicker of no mean pretensions," as well as a "fine guard" in basketball, despite standing at . He recalled that as a junior, he was named the best athlete in North Jersey by the World-Telegram. He said that he batted .475 as a senior but despite this did not repeat as the award-winner, as "Some kid from Clifton hit something like .625."
| 2.359375
| 0
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78770267
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Weiner
|
Red Weiner
|
Weiner became a top player for the Muhlenberg baseball team; by May 1932, in his second season, he was their leading batter with an average of .500, as well as the team's leader in both hits and home runs. He then opened the 1932 football season as a starting halfback for Muhlenberg, having several key performances in their season. He also saw significant action at quarterback, being described as their lead "signal-barker," and was additionally used as a punter and kicker. In the first game, he had a 60-yard interception return which helped them defeat Saint Joseph's. He was also cited as one of the top players in their 6–0 loss to Lebanon Valley, and although the Mules lost against Lehigh 25–6, Weiner was noted in The Morning Call as the Mules' "offensive spark," as "Time after time he got away for substantial gains, he passed perfectly and punted well." Later, in a November game against Gettysburg, Weiner returned the opening kickoff 90 yards for a touchdown and was a major figure in Muhlenberg's 26–7 upset win, with The Morning Call noting of his kick return: "He went through the entire Gettysburg team in his wild dash ... shaking off one would-be-tackler after another, and seldom if ever has there been a finer exhibition of broken field running on the local gridiron." After the season, he was selected to the all-conference team named by Muhlenberg coach George Holstrom, at quarterback.
1933–1934
| 2.109375
| 0
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78770479
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925%E2%80%9326%20New%20Hampshire%20Bulls%20men%27s%20ice%20hockey%20season
|
1925–26 New Hampshire Bulls men's ice hockey season
|
The 1925–26 New Hampshire Bulls men's ice hockey season was the 2nd season of play for the program. The Bulls represented the University of New Hampshire and were coached by Ernest Christensen in his 1st season.
Season
Before the season, Hank Swasey turned control of the program over to Ernest Christensen. The new coach got his team onto the campus rink as soon as possible to prepare for its opening game at the beginning of January. Unfortunately, One of the three returning starters, William Proudman, did not return to campus for the spring semester and would need to be replaced. Due to weather delays, the opening match was postponed for a week but the team was eventually able to play its first game in mind January.
In the program's first ever home game, the Exeter Town Team gave the squad a bloody nose, scoring twice in the first. Percival, the starting center, did his best to even the count, notching two goals for the home side but a third marker from the visitors gave UNH its first loss of the year. When games with Bates and Massachusetts Agricultural were cancelled, the Exeter team stepped in as understudies for a rematch. Blewett and Fudge were stars of the game for the Bulls, holding off the fast amateur club. Percival continued to be the only one able to score for UNH and recorded the program's fist hat-trick. Unfortunately, the rest of the team wasn't able to keep up and the visitors scored four goals at the end of periods when the Bulls were tiring.
| 1.921875
| 0
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78770619
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botija%20%28container%29
|
Botija (container)
|
Botija is a term used by archaeologists for a style of ceramic vessel produced in Seville, Spain from early in the 16th-century through the middle of the 19th-century. It was radially symmetrical, widest near the top, tapering down to a rounded or nearly pointed bottom. It had a fairly small mouth, and did not have any handles or protusions. While the measurements of individual botijas vary, they tend to cluster around roughly standard sizes. They were sealed with cork stoppers. Botijas were widely used for shipping and storing liquids and some solids, and whole or broken botijas are found almost everywhere the Spanish Empire reached, as well as areas that the Spanish never controlled. Changes to certain elements of botijas over time, documented from jars found in shipwrecks of known date, allow whole jars and sherds found in archaeological sites to be roughly dated.
Names
Spanish records refer to botijas peruleras, botijas medias, botijuelas, botijuelas peruleras, and botixuelas. In colonial Guatemala, the terms botija de vino (wine), botija da aceite (oil), and botija de aceitunas (olives) are attested. Larger jars were commonly called botijas perulera or just peruleras, while the smaller ones were often called botijuellas. Perulera may derive from "Peru" or from the , a glazed pitcher. (Perulera was also used for boxes, crates, and bundles.) The term botijuella was not used consistently. It might have sometimes been used for larger jars, but when used in the same context with botija, it always meant the smaller jar.
| 2.484375
| 0
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78770619
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botija%20%28container%29
|
Botija (container)
|
In the 16th-century the most common shipping containers on Spanish ships were botijas, but other types of containers generally had larger capacities than did botijas. For instance, most wine was transported in pipas (a wooden cask equivalent to the English pipe), which held 480 litres, equivalent to 22 large botijas. One ship that sailed in 1557 carried almost 3,500 botijas. In 1567, a ship passing through Havana to Florida carried 2,939 half-arroba jars of olive oil.
Lists of contents of botijas shipped from Seville to the New World included wine, olive oil, olives, vinegar, chickpeas, capers, beans, honey, fish, rice, flour, soap, and pitch. Botijas have been found in shipwrecks that still contained olive pits, pitch, and soap. Based on records for seven ships that sailed in the 16th century, 51% of botijas held wine, 38% held olive oil, 9% held olives, 1% held vinegar, and 1% held other goods. Wine was primarily shipped in pipas, while olive oil was primarily shipped in 'botijas. Olives were mostly shipped in barrels, while vinegar was always shipped in botijas. Empty botijas were also shipped from Spain to the colonies. One ship carried 1,659 empty botijas to Honduras in 1557. The Tristán de Luna expedition acquired almost 1,000 empty botijas in Veracruz in 1559 while provisioning for the expedition to Ochuse.
| 2.484375
| 0
|
78771159
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2073344
|
HD 73344
|
The planet's orbital periods range from two weeks to a decade and five years. They are all misaligned with each other: Planet b and c have a misalignment of at least 20 degrees, and planet d is misaligned with the inner planets' orbits, in contrast to the Solar System, where the planetary orbits are well aligned. There are two hypotheses that could explain the misalignment: A warped protoplanetary disk with misaligned inner and outer components, or dynamical encounters with two or more giant planets in the past.
HD 73344 b
HD 73344 b was the first exoplanet discovered in the system, detected via the transit method by S. Sulis and others. It is classified a sub-Neptune. This planet has around three times the size of Earth as determined by transit observations. Its mass is uncertain, estimated at times Earth's mass and believed to be no more than ten Earth masses. This implies a low density of , suggesting that its atmosphere is composed of volatile elements like hydrogen and helium. However, further observations are needed, including a more precise mass, to fully characterize its composition and reveal its true nature.
It is the closest exoplanet to HD 73344, completing an orbit every 16 days at an average distance of , less than half of the Mercury-Sun distance (0.31 AU). The proximity of its host star also mean it has a high temperature. Assuming a null albedo, the equilibrium temperature of HD 73344 b is estimated at , or if it is tidally locked. It has a low orbital eccentricity and appear to be misaligned with its star's spin axis.
| 3.21875
| 0
|
78771841
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Wilpert
|
Joseph Wilpert
|
Joseph Wilpert (22 August 1856 – 13 February 1944) was a German archaeologist, Roman Catholic priest, scholar of iconography and member of the German Archaeological Institute.
Life
He was born into a rural family in Eiglau near Bauerwitz (then in Upper Silesia in Prussia and now in Poland), the second of five children of Anastasius and Marianna. As a twelve-year-old he began studying at the gymnasium in Leobschütz (Głubczyce), ending his studies there in 1877 and the following year joined the University of Innsbruck to study philosophy, switching to theology after a a year's military service starting in 1880. In 1878 he joined the AV Austria Innsbruck in the Cartellverband. He was ordained a priest on 2 July 1883..
On 10 October 1884 he became a chaplain at the Campo Santo Teutonico in Rome and began training as an archaeologist. He learned under Anton de Waal, rector of the Campo Santo, and chaplain and 'convictor' Johann Peter Kirsch, becoming lifelong friends with both of them. Rome thus became his homeland, only leaving during the First World War (when all Germans were expelled) or on research trips to view sarcophagi in France, Spain, Algeria and Tunisia. He was heavily influenced by Giovanni Battista de Rossi, the founder of Christian archaeology.
He was passionate about drawing and produced more than 600 reproductions of the cemeteries' frescoes based on photographs. In 1891 he left the Campo Santo to live in the home of Monsignore Germano Straniero near the Lateran, then from 1921 in the Teutonic Institute, where he died as the result of a fall. He was buried at the Teutonic Cemetery.
Achievements
| 2.40625
| 0
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78772088
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur%20al-Fayha
|
Nur al-Fayha
|
Nur al-Fayha ("Light of Damascus"), was a women's rights organization in Syria, active during the Faisal government, between January 1919 and July 1920.
The organization was composed of a group of elite women married to male modernist politicians and loyalists of the Faisal government. They spoke in favor of women's liberation for the benefit of the nation in line with the nationalist modernist view, and founded a girls' school and a magazine where the favored these idea. While the organization did not last long, it played a significant pioneer role in the Syrian women's movement, and has been referred to as the first women's organization in Damascus (and Syria).
History
The Nur al-Fayha was founded in January 1919 by a group of elite women in Damascus under the leadership of Nazik al-Abid. This was during an intense period of political nationalism during the establishment of the Faisal government, before it was defeated by the French in July in 1920.
The purpose of the organization was the mobilise the women of the nation in work for the independence of the country and support of the government, and in line with the modernist nationalist perspective of the time, this mobilization included women's liberation, and supported "women's awakening, literary societies, and philantropic works".
In line with modernist principles, the Nur al-Fayha wished to benefit the building of a strong nation by women's participation and liberation: it wished to lessen the difference between Muslim and Western women in "knowledge (ilm) and progress (ruqiy)", and praised the "modern ideas" (afkar haditha), which was supported by the elite of educated male modernist reformists "enlightened ones" (mutanawwirun), which most of the members where related and married to.
| 2.453125
| 0
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78772319
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Town%20City%20Council
|
George Town City Council
|
By 1973, the federal government had decided to restructure local governments nationwide to improve efficiency. In 1974, Lim announced the merger of the George Town City Council with the Penang Island Rural District Council, creating a unified management board for all of Penang Island. In 1976, despite the recommendations of a royal commission for the restoration of local government elections, the federal Parliament passed the Local Government Act, which mandated the appointment of mayors and councillors by the respective state governments. By year's end, Lim's administration applied the Act in Penang, reforming the island's management board into the Penang Island Municipal Council (now Penang Island City Council).
Legacy
With a municipal administration originating in 1857, George Town was the first settlement in Malaysia to establish a tradition of local democracy. Between 1951 and 1965, the George Town City Council exemplified the peak of local democracy in Malaysia. While political feuding against the Alliance eventually led to its suspension, the Labour-led city government was credited with reforming municipal governance to better address local needs, reducing corruption and implementing progressive policies that were novel for Malaya during the federation's early years, including public housing schemes and the maintenance of broad aspects of urban infrastructure from drainage systems to power supply. To this day, the Penang Island City Council still maintains its lineage from the Municipal Commission that was established in 1857.
The decades that followed the establishment of the Penang Island Municipal Council saw a prolonged debate on George Town's city status. According to Clause 3 of the Local Government (Merger of the City Council of George Town and the Rural District Council of Penang Island) Order, 1974,
"the status of the City of George Town as a city shall continue to be preserved and maintained and shall remain unimpaired by the merger hereby effected".
| 2.59375
| 0
|
78773187
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhagophthalmus
|
Rhagophthalmus
|
Rhagophthalmus is the type genus of the Rhagophthalmidae: a family of Asian glow-worm beetles erected by Victor Motschulsky in 1854. Species have been recorded from India, China, Taiwan, Japan and Indochina.
Species
The Global Biodiversity Information Facility lists:
Rhagophthalmus angulatus
Rhagophthalmus beigansis
Rhagophthalmus brevipennis
Rhagophthalmus burmensis
Rhagophthalmus confusus
Rhagophthalmus elongatus
Rhagophthalmus filiformis
Rhagophthalmus flavus
Rhagophthalmus formosanus
Rhagophthalmus fugongensis
Rhagophthalmus giallolateralus
Rhagophthalmus gibbosulus
Rhagophthalmus giganteus
Rhagophthalmus hiemalis
Rhagophthalmus ingens
Rhagophthalmus jenniferae
Rhagophthalmus kiangsuensis
Rhagophthalmus laosensis
Rhagophthalmus longipennis
Rhagophthalmus lufengensis
Rhagophthalmus minutus
Rhagophthalmus motschulskyi
Rhagophthalmus neoobscurus
Rhagophthalmus notaticollis
Rhagophthalmus obscurus
Rhagophthalmus ohbai
Rhagophthalmus sausai
Rhagophthalmus scutellatus
Rhagophthalmus semisulcatus
Rhagophthalmus semiusta
Rhagophthalmus sulcatus
Rhagophthalmus sulcicollis
Rhagophthalmus sumatrensis
Rhagophthalmus tienmushanensis
Rhagophthalmus tonkineus
Rhagophthalmus xanthogonus
| 2.203125
| 0
|
78773714
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav%20Ullrich
|
Gustav Ullrich
|
Under his leadership, additional branches were either acquired or newly established. For example, an external galvanizing plant was built in Bellheim, and the Neumühle facility served as a production site for measuring tools. An additional branch for procuring wood was established in Châlons-sur-Marne in France, although it was confiscated during the First World War.
World War I disrupted many of Gustav Ullrich's future plans. Among his uncompleted projects were a foundry in Annweiler at the Herrenteich, for which he had already acquired land, and the construction of a cold rolling mill near Germersheim with its own loading dock.
Military service
After returning from his traineeship in France, Ullrich served as a one-year volunteer with the 1st Squadron of the 2nd Royal Bavarian Uhlan Regiment in Ansbach from 1 October 1878 until 30 September 1879, He was promoted to Vice Sergeant Major of the Reserve with the commendation "outstanding conduct." After his first reserve exercise, he was promoted to Lieutenant of the Reserve.
On September 23, 1914, he reported to the 2nd Train Battalion in Würzburg. In January 1915, he went to the Western Front as the commander of the 8th Medical Company. By April 1916, he had been promoted to Major of the Reserve and became the commander of a medical battalion on the front.
Post War career
In 1919, Ullrich appointed his son-in-law, Eugen Berthold (1882–1949), to the board of the enamel factory in Annweiler instead of his son. His son, Franz, a pilot, had tragically died in a plane crash during a training exercise near Traunstein on 10 November 1918, a day before the signing of the Armistice.
In 1925, Gustav Ullrich suffered from a severe thrombosis that confined him to bed for six months until the summer of 1926, preventing him from managing major business operations. Additionally, in the autumn of 1930, he suffered a stroke, from which he did not fully recover until five years later. Due to his health issues, he granted Berthold general power of attorney on 7 July 1928.
| 2.0625
| 0
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78774640
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samida%20Takarazuka%20Kofun
|
Samida Takarazuka Kofun
|
The tumulus was "excavated" by local people in 1881 under the pretext of land reclamation, and many grave goods were unearthed. As a result of a proper archaeological excavation carried out in 1985, it was determined that this was the earliest keyhole-shaped tomb built in the Umami area, and that the excavated artifacts were from the early Kofun period. The excavated artifacts total 140 items, including 36 bronze mirrors, jewels, stone bracelets, shovel-shaped stones, stone cups, talc replicas, bronze arrowheads, iron swords, and axes, which are kept in the Tokyo National Museum, Nara National Museum and the Archives and Mausolea Department of the Imperial Household Agency. One of the bronze mirrors has a diameter of 22.9 centimeters, and a design depicting houses and buildings used for rituals and government affairs around the 4th century. These grave goods have been collectively designated as a National Important Cultural Property.
The tumulus is about 4.6 kilometers south of Ōwada Station on the Kintetsu Railway Tawaramoto Line.]
| 2.796875
| 0
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78775648
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Riccardo%20Stephens
|
John Riccardo Stephens
|
John Riccardo Stephens (11 Oct 1827 – 2 September 1912) was a pioneering teacher, preacher and medical doctor in South Australia. His middle name is frequently rendered as "Ricardo".
History
Stephens was born in St Agnes, Cornwall, and was taken at an early age by his parents to New Brunswick, Canada, then in 1831 to Bermuda, where he was educated, strongly influenced by the preacher J. B. Brown, then became himself a teacher and preacher at the time of emancipation of the slaves. In 1850, at age 23, he left for Australia with the rush to the Victorian gold diggings, but had no luck and shortly returned to England.
In 1853 he returned to Australia as chaplain on the emigrant ship Ramillies, landing in Adelaide, and through Rev. J. D. Draper secured a position with the school at One Tree Hill, taking Sunday services at the schoolhouse, while his wife ran a Sunday School. He also preached in the North Adelaide and Gawler circuits.
Two years later he took charge of a school at Burra. As he had some knowledge of medicine, his services were much sought by residents of the district. This led him in 1874 to leave for America to gain medical qualifications. Eventually he returned to South Australia, taking up land at Hallett, then moved to Gumeracha, where he remained, practising as a physician for 20 years. He was particularly knowledgeable with childhood illnesses, but was also a useful veterinary surgeon.
Other interests
He claimed to have established South Australia's first literary society at One Tree Hill in 1854; Arthur Blyth (later Sir Arthur) was its first president.
He formed a young men's literary society in Gumeracha in the early 1900s.
He was a capable preacher, a prominent Methodist, but able to fill the Baptists' pulpit when necessary. His eyesight failed in the last years of his life,
| 2.4375
| 0
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78775697
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mere%20Lodge
|
Mere Lodge
|
Mere Waihuka Lodge (née Harrison; born 1944) is a New Zealand Māori artist working in largely in sculpture, a teacher and an advocate for te reo Māori and language revitalisation efforts.
Biography
Lodge was born Mere Harrison in Ruatoria in 1944, the tenth of 13 children of Raniera Harrison and Erana Nika Horimete, and affiliates to Ngāti Porou. After gaining her School Certificate at Ngata Memorial College, she spent a year at Northland College, on the arrangement by her older sister, Kāterina Mataira, to obtain further qualifications so that she could study at Elam School of Fine Arts. In the 1960s, she was, alongside her cousin Elizabeth Ellis, one of the first Māori women to attend Elam, graduating with a Diploma in Fine Arts in 1964. During her time at Elam, she would return to Ruatoria for the holidays, where she met her future husband, Victor Lodge. Following her graduation, she taught in New Zealand and Fiji.
At Elam, particularly with the guidance of Jim Allen, Lodge developed a passion for sculpture. She has several works in bronze, including two in the permanent collection of Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki (Hine Puhitapu and Korikori), and two in the permanent collection of Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwhetū (Te Toka a Tōrea and Mata Whenua). The Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Art Educators described Lodge's art: "Her work often features textured paint and geometric sculptural forms inspired by the whenua (land) of her tīpuna (ancestors) and papakāinga (homeland). While her works do not contain specific Māori motifs or visual links, they capture the wairua (spirit) of her home."
| 2.28125
| 0
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78775952
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl%20of%20grapes%20sign
|
Bowl of grapes sign
|
The bowl of grapes sign is a descriptive radiological term used in the context of synovial sarcoma, a malignant soft tissue tumor. This sign refers to the appearance of multiple small, rounded, fluid-containing spaces within a soft tissue mass, which resemble a cluster of grapes. These cystic spaces are typically attributed to hemorrhage, necrosis, or myxoid degeneration within the tumor, a common feature of synovial sarcoma.
Radiological features
The bowl of grapes sign is typically identified on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, and occasionally on ultrasound. During ultrasound examination, mixed echogenicity is noted in synovial sarcoma, with hypoechoic or anechoic areas corresponding to the cystic regions.
The cystic spaces in synovial sarcoma appear hyperintense on T2-weighted images, reflecting fluid content. Solid tumor components often demonstrate heterogeneous enhancement after contrast administration. The mass may display a multilocular appearance with well-defined cystic and solid regions, contributing to the grape-like pattern.
| 2.125
| 0
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78775999
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn%20Adams%20%28dancer%29
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Carolyn Adams (dancer)
|
Carolyn Adams (born 1943) is an American dancer, choreographer, and teacher. In 1965, she joined the Paul Taylor Dance Company (PTDC), being the first and only African-American member at the time, and she remained a dancer there until 1982. She is faculty at the Juilliard School in New York City since 1983.
Biography
Adams was born on August 16, 1943, in New York City, and raised in Harlem. Her parents were Olive Arnold Adams, a writer and composer; and Julius J. Adams, a newspaper editor. Her sister Julie Adams Strandberg also became a noted dancer in New York City. She attended the Ethical Culture Fieldston School, and studied dance at the Martha Graham School of Contemporary Dance (now Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance), with Martha Graham.
Adams graduated with a B.A. degree in 1965 from Sarah Lawrence College in Yonkers, New York; and a M.S.W. degree in 2006 from Fordham University in New York City. She also attended the Sorbonne University in Paris.
In 1965 joined the Paul Taylor Dance Company (PTDC), while attending her final year at Sarah Lawrence College. At her time of hire at PTDC, she was the first and only African-American dancer. Adams married Robert Kahn, another dancer at the Paul Taylor Dance Company.
Adams gained recognition as a dancer, and taught choreography workshops in London and Denmark. In 1973, while continuing her career as a dancer, she founded the Harlem Dance Studio and Foundation with her sister Julie Adams Strandberg. She is a faculty member at the Juilliard School in New York City since 1983. In May 2024, Adams was conferred a honorary doctorate degree from Juilliard School. Adams is a curator at the American Dance Legacy Institute at Brown University, an organization founded by her sister. She has also served as a panelist on the New York State Council on the Arts, and the National Endowment for the Arts.
| 2.46875
| 0
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78776391
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effie%20Comstock%20Simmons
|
Effie Comstock Simmons
|
Effie Comstock Simmons (1874–1961) was an American suffragist, politician, and the first woman from Multnomah County to serve in the Oregon House of Representatives. She was the fourth woman to serve in the Oregon House.
Early life
Effie Simmons was born Euphemia Dicken Comstock in Santa Cruz, California in 1874. Her mother's name was Adeline. Her sister Alta had physical disabilities, and Adeline's entire small estate was bequeathed to her for her continued support. Her sister Edna graduated from the San Jose Normal School.
Political career
Simmons joined Portland Woman's Club (founded in 1895) in 1908, and served as its president from 1916 to 1918. In 1912, she supported the club's participation in the successful effort (the sixth such attempt) to have the word "male" removed from the voting privileges section of the Oregon Constitution. She later joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), which later became the League of Women Voters.
Simmons helped found the Oregon State Suffrage Alliance (later known as the Oregon Equal Suffrage Alliance) in 1915. The group worked with the NAWSA to achieve nationwide suffrage. During World War I, she suspended her suffrage efforts to work with the American Red Cross and raise money for liberty bonds. She submitted letters from the front from her son Rouse, who had joined the French army, to The Oregonian. In 1919, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed and she helped convince Governor Ben W. Olcott, along with Alta Smith Corbett and Grace Harbison Torrey (Mrs. Harry Beal Torrey) to call a special session of the Oregon Legislative Assembly to vote on ratification.
She was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1922.
In 1924 she ran for the Oregon Senate.
Personal life
Effie married Clayton B. Simmons, later the vice-president of an oil-investment securities company, in 1897. They had three children: Rouse (b. 1899), Helen (b. 1905), and Frances (b. 1908). They later divorced. Clayton died in 1924.
| 2.234375
| 0
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78776480
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20the%20Holy%20Sepulchre%20%28Barletta%29
|
Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Barletta)
|
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Italian: Basilica del Santo Sepolcro) is a Catholic place of worship located in the territory of the Italian municipality of Barletta, in the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani in Apulia.
History
The first document that attests with certainty the existence of the church dates back to 1130 (the same year in which the Order of Canons of the Holy Sepulchre was recognized by Pope Innocent II).
In 1138, another papal bull by Pope Innocent II indicated the location of the church for the first time. In 1144, reference is made to the foundation of the temple by the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre who, returning from Palestine, had built it, together with other religious and civil buildings throughout Apulia.
One of the last papal documents that would attribute the presence of the church of the Holy Sepulchre to Barletta is the papal bull of 14 July 1182 with which, referring to the prior of Jerusalem the possessions of the patriarchal church, the Pope cites the church of the Holy Sepulchre apud Barlettum.
| 2.328125
| 0
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78777494
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia%20literaria
|
Academia literaria
|
The academia literaria ('literary academy') was a literary tertulia popular during Spain's Golden Age (Siglo de Oro) of literature and the arts, from the early sixteenth century to the late seventeenth century (c. 1500 – 1681), and especially during the reign of the Spanish Habsburgs and, in particular, that of King Philip II (1556–1598), a significant patron of Spanish art and culture. By the seventeenth century, these literary academies had become "one of the most prominent features of literary life... in Spain", and many leading men of letters, such as Lope de Vega, Luis de Góngora, Luis Vélez de Guevara and Francisco de Quevedo would be members of more than one academia.
Many sought to make their voices heard in the literary gatherings frequented by poets and artists for the amusement and entertainment of nobles and patrons: the academia literaria. Nobles frequently attended these gatherings, with one often assuming the role of Academy president, while a distinguished literary figure took on the position of "secretary". Membership in some academies could require certain qualifications, such as having published multiple works, or just one if it was a heroic poem, though attendance itself did not have such restrictions. Zaragoza, as the capital of the viceroyalty of Aragón was, along with Madrid, one of Spain's most important centres of academic activity in the seventeenth century.
| 2.453125
| 0
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78777820
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Asilah%20%281690%E2%80%931691%29
|
Siege of Asilah (1690–1691)
|
Between 1690 and 1691, the Moroccans besieged the Spanish-held Asilah for a year before surrendering to the Moroccans.
Background
In the year 1471, the Portuguese captured the city of Asilah from the Moroccans. The Portuguese built walls that surrounded the city. In 1578, the Portuguese king, Sebastian, chose Asilah as his base for his ill-fated campaign in Morocco. In 1589, the city was recaptured by the Moroccans but at some point later the city was captured by the Spanish.
Siege
After the victory at Larache in 1689, the Moroccan Sultan, Ismail Ibn Sharif, dispatched his general, Ahmed ben Haddou, to besiege the city of Asilah, which was held by the Spanish. The Spanish resisted; however, after a year of fighting, they were exhausted and asked to surrender. The Moroccan Riffians agreed for a safe passage on the orders of the Sultan; however, the Spanish didn't trust the Riffians, fearing to suffer the same fate as in Larache. The Spanish left Asilah on ships at night and escaped to Spain. The Riffians entered the city after a siege that had lasted between 1690 and 1691. The Riffians rebuilt Asilah, building two mosques, a madrasa, and a public bath.
| 3.109375
| 0
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78778073
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kandahar%20%281557%E2%80%931558%29
|
Siege of Kandahar (1557–1558)
|
Humayun's Rule and Succession
Eventually, Humayun succeeded and became an independent king of Ghazni, Kabul, and Hindustan. However, Kandahar was not within his control, and by the time of his death, it had still not been returned to Qizilbash. He was succeeded in 1556 by his son, Jalal al-Din Muhammad Akbar. During this period, Shah Mohammad Qalati was conducting the affairs of Kandahar for Bairam Khan.
Prelude
In 1556, Bahadur Khan Uzbeg, the governor of Zamin Davar, launched a campaign against Kandahar with the intention of capturing it from Shah Muhammad. In response to this, Shah Muhammad sent a messenger to Shah Tahmasp requesting him to send a Qizilbash army against Bahadur Khan. Shah Muhammad directed that Kandahar was under the jurisdiction of the royal court and would not allow Bahadur Khan to succeed in his dream to conquer the land and own it for himself.
In response to this call, Shah Tahmasp dispatched Shah Mohammad Qalati with the aid of Sultan Hoseyn Mirza, son of Bahram Mirza, along with Ali Yar Sultan Afshar, Vali Kalifa Shamlou, and several other emirs. Shahverdi Kalifa Shamlou, son of Vali Kalifa, led a rapid attack on Bahadur Khan with a contingent of Shamlou forces, which caught him off guard. After fierce fighting, Bahadur Khan retreated toward India. However, Shah Mohammad Qalati proved to be treacherous and not trustworthy. He stopped the prince and emirs referred to above from going into the fortress of Kandahar and instead prepared himself for a siege. The senior emirs captured the province of Zamin Davar and went ahead to inform Shah Tahmasp about the situation in the matter of Kandahar.
| 2.453125
| 0
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78778224
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Jolly
|
Hugh Jolly
|
Hugh Reginald Jolly (1918–1986) was a celebrated British paediatrician. A colleague, Bernard Mosely Laurance, wrote that Jolly "was probably better known to the general public than any other living doctor." An obituary in the Midwives Chronicle said he was "the paediatrician who brought common sense to baby care and whose books and broadcasts earned him an international reputation."
Early life
He was the son of the Rev. Reginald Bradley Jolly, from 1914 to 1920 vicar of St Thomas's Church, Douglas, Isle of Man, and his wife Muriel Ada Crawshaw, daughter of Simon Crawshaw of Ilkley; he was born on 5 May 1918 at Douglas. He was educated at Marlborough College, and graduated BA at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge in 1939. A medical student at the London Hospital, he graduated MB, BChir in 1942 and MA 1943, also at Cambridge.
Jolly then took houseman posts at London Hospital, where he was a children's physician under Maitland Jones and Doyne Bell, and North Middlesex Hospital, in 1943. By then qualified, Jolly spent three years, from 1944 to 1947, in the RAMC as a dermatologist, with the rank of captain. Treating British soldiers at Bandoeng, he met Dirk Bogarde. There was a further encounter in 1946 at Tanglin Barracks, a transit camp in Singapore. Bogarde became a friend, and godfather to Jolly's daughter. Bogarde's biographer John Coldstream comments that Jolly was "Theatrical in temperament and stage-struck by inclination". In a 1951 directory, Jolly's address is given as Rockshaw Lodge, Merstham.
Back in London, Jolly had a post at Great Ormond Street Hospital, from 1948 to 1951. In 1951 he became a consultant paediatrician at Plymouth Hospital.
| 1.945313
| 0
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78778452
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Heneage%20Elsley
|
Charles Heneage Elsley
|
Charles Heneage Elsley Esq J.P. (14 August 1792 – 3 August 1865) was an English lawyer and author. He was born in Yorkshire, the son of the Reverend Heneage Elsley. He graduated ninth in Tripos in 1813 at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He was called to the bar in 1819 and became a barrister.
Main Works
Elsley was the author of four books:
Reports of Cases by Sir W. Blackstone, revised (1828)
Essay on the relation between the English and French languages (1858)
Church Leases Considered (1833)
Reform, universal suffrage, ballot (1860)
Career
He was also a Recorder of Richmond( 1827–65), York (1834–65), and Scarborough (1836–65), and a County Court Judge (1845–54). Elsley was also the Vice-President of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society (1838-1839, 1844-1845).
Personal life
He married Mary Emily, daughter of Colonel William Hale of Acomb, in 1824. The pair had 10 children: Frances Elizabeth, Gregory, Miriam, Emily, Heneage William, Elizabeth, Fanny, Mary Charlotte, Charles, Harriet Emma.
Elsley died at his home on Mill Mount, York in 1865.
Legacy
The manor house built by Elsley on Mill Mount, was purchased by the municipal authority in 1920 for use as the Mill Mount County Grammar School for Girls. This later became All Saints Catholic School in 1985, many of the original features Elsley had built into the manor house are still intact.
| 1.945313
| 0
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78778724
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerzas%20sutiles
|
Fuerzas sutiles
|
Their main advantages were their speed, lightness, versatility and manoeuvrability, for which they mixed Lateen rigs with rowing and hulls of little draught, allowing them to move with little to no wind, go unnoticed easily and move through paths impassable for larger ships. They were characteristically equipped with a very prominent firepower for their size, with large caliber cannons and howitzers often employing incendiary ammunition. They were also sometimes armored, with recurved armor which along with its small size turned them extremely hard to hit by enemy artillery. The main disadvantage of subtle forces was their vulnerability to bad weather, which could make their usage dangerous or even impossible. In the late 19th century, they were sometimes fitted with steam engines.
Subtle forces were sometimes deployed from either ship, while other times they worked autonomously or were tied to land jurisdiction. They were predominantly used to protect supply lines, attacking bigger ships, conducting night combat and serving as mobile naval artillery.
History
A possible precedent of the subtle forces is found in the treatise Civitates orbis terrarum by Georg Braun, whose illustration of the Ottoman conquest of Tunis shows Spaniards operating skiffs fitted with cannons in the lake of Tunis, forcing the Ottomans to take a detour.
| 2.546875
| 0
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78779197
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaajanvirta
|
Vaajanvirta
|
The Vaajanvirta, also spelled as Vaajavirta, is a long river in the Vaajakoski area of Jyväskylä, Finland. It begins from the lake Leppävesi and discharges into Lake Päijänne. The river's basin has a surface area of , which includes many major Central Finnish lakes, such as Lake Keitele.
The river is part of the Keitele Canal's route, which connects the lakes Päijänne and Keitele. The Finnish national road 4 and the Jyväskylä–Pieksämäki railway also cross the river.
Geography
Vaajanvirta begins from the western part of lake Leppävesi with a surface at above sea level. Aside from Leppävesi, Vaajanvirta also gets water from Hupelinlampi, a small lake near Kanavuori, whose outlet discharges into the Saltunlahti bay of the river. The river has three islands: Lapinsaari, Naissaari and Varassaari. Lapinsaari is uninhabited, while Naissaari and Varassaari are connected to the mainland via bridges. Vaajanvirta discharges into the Päijänne, whose surface is located above sea level. It is the main inflow of the lake's northern part and has an average discharge of . The maximum discharge is , recorded in 1988.
The river originally had four rapids: Ylinenkoski, Keskikoski, Haapakoski and Naiskoski. Haapakoski and Naiskoski are parallel rapids, respectively located on the western and eastern side of Naissaari, both of which are dammed. Ylinenkoski and Keskikoski have been dredged. The rapids in the river were first dredged in the early 19th century.
Vaajanvirta has a large basin covering an area of , of which 16.8% is water. It includes most of northern Central Finland as well as smaller parts of neighboring regions, most notably Northern Savonia. Major lakes within the basin include Keitele, Kivijärvi, Konnevesi and Niinivesi.
| 2.34375
| 0
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78779197
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaajanvirta
|
Vaajanvirta
|
Traffic
The Vaajakoski lock on the northern side of Naissaari is the lowest lock of the long Keitele Canal, which was built between 1990 and 1993. Before that, a smaller boat canal called Kissakanava passed through the island. The lock is long and is open to traffic between May and October.
Both the Finnish national road 4 and the Jyväskylä–Pieksämäki railway cross the Vaajanvirta.
Fishing
The Vaajanvirta is an important fishing site that is visited by multiple hundreds of fishers yearly. It is especially valued as a place to catch brown trout, which migrate through the river. Before the river's rapids were dammed in the 1920s and 1940s, trout weighing at least were caught fairly often. The size of the fish started declining further in the 1960s, when nylon fishing nets became more common. Despite this, trout longer than are somewhat more common in the Vaajanvirta than further up the Keitele–Päijänne watercourse. The average length of trout in the river is .
Hydroelectricity
There are two hydroelectric plants in the Vaajanvirta, of which only the newer one is in use. The Haapakoski plant was built in 1921 and was replaced by the Naiskoski plant in 1941. The new plant was owned by SOK until 1984, when it was acquired by its current owner, Suur-Savon Sähkö Oy. It has a capacity of 3.6 megawatts and contains three Kaplan turbines with a speed of 60 rotations per minute.
The older plant, marketed as Wanha Woimala, has been repurposed into a venue for cultural events.
| 2.390625
| 0
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78779506
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Craigie
|
Billy Craigie
|
Billy Craigie (born c. 1953 - August 1998) was an Aboriginal Australian activist. He was one of four co-founders of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in 1972, the longest continuous protest for Indigenous land rights in the world.
Craigie grew up in Moree and was believed to be of the Kamilaroi people.
Craigie, along with Bert Williams, Michael Anderson and Tony Coorey, sent up a Tent Embassy on the lawns of Parliament House in Canberra in response to the government's Australia Day statement on land rights. The statement proposed general purpose leases and not land rights; it required people to intend and be able to make "economic use of the land," and excluded forestry and mining rights. This was unacceptable to the activists who wanted to be granted the rights to their ancestral lands. A documentary movie, Ningla A-Na, was filmed about the protest in 1972.
The activists held a press conference and Craigie said they would maintain the space "indefinitely until we can work out our own Aboriginal government and maybe fill up the rest of the building with elected members from our own, Indigenous, sovereign nation." They along with a few others were arrested for trespassing but others came in to take their places. Craigie gave evidence at the trial stating that the land the government had claimed was sacred and that paintings and rock arrangements which would have indicated its status had been moved and disrupted when Canberra was settled.
| 2.609375
| 0
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78779643
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJS-1
|
DJS-1
|
From February 8-12, 1966, a 103 computer system users' technical exchange meeting was held at the Beijing Suburban Science Hall, with 48 user units attending. Dai Zhongjing, director of the Third Bureau of the State Planning Commission, gave a "Report on Computer Development Trends," indicating that transistor computers would be developed, and vacuum tube computers would cease production from this point.
Design
The 103 computer consisted of several cabinets about 2 meters tall, including arithmetic control unit cabinet, magnetic drum memory cabinet, power supply cabinet, and some machines were also equipped with magnetic core memory cabinet, input/output and tape drive cabinet, ventilation cabinet, etc.
The 103 computer consisted of an arithmetic logic unit, program transmitter, memory, and input/output devices. The arithmetic unit included A register, B register, C register, and accumulator, used for arithmetic and logical operations on numbers. The program transmitter, or control unit, included pulse distributor, local program transmitter, operator, selection register, start register, etc.
The 103 computer used asynchronous design, with no unified clock signal for the entire machine, executing each instruction in eight "beats".
The 103 computer had a word length of 31 bits, including 1 sign bit and 30 numerical bits. Usually, instructions and data were written in the form of a sign plus 10 octal digits (e.g., +12 3456 7012).
The 103 computer used five-unit punched paper tape as the medium for input and output data, could accept both octal and decimal input, and was also equipped with a teletype.
Programming
The 103 computer's instructions consisted of an operation code, first address, and second address. The operation code was two octal digits, with the second digit indicating the operation type:
0: Addition
1: Subtraction
2: Division
3: Multiplication
6: Logical multiplication
| 2.421875
| 0
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78779808
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th%20%28Service%29%20Battalion%2C%20East%20Surrey%20Regiment%20%28Bermondsey%29
|
12th (Service) Battalion, East Surrey Regiment (Bermondsey)
|
Flers–Courcelette
On 15 August 12th ESR left Soyer Farm and went by stages to Thieushouck, where it began special training before 41st Division joined in the offensive. It moved on 23 August to Mouflers, where the training included operating in a wood similar to the notorious Delville Wood on the Somme. A Company and two sections of Lewis gunners took part in demonstrations for officers and NCOs attending Fourth Army Trench Warfare School at Flixecourt. Finally, on 6 September the whole battalion entrained at Longpré-les-Corps-Saints station for Méricourt-l'Abbé, then marched to bivouacs at Fricourt, which had been captured at the beginning of the Somme Offensive. 41st Division was now ordered to take part in the next phase of the offensive, the Battle of Flers-Courcelette, in which 122nd Bde on the division's left was to capture the village of Flers. For this its first attack, 41st Division had support from tanks, also making their first ever appearance on a battlefield. Ten Mark I tanks of D Company, Heavy Section, Machine Gun Corps, were assigned to the division, formed up behind the infantry. 12th ESR was in the brigade's second line, following 18th KRRC, and took up its positions in the north-west corner of Delville Wood by 02.00 on 15 September, with a battle strength of 17 officers and 634 ORs. Walmisley-Dresser's orders for the attack were that the battalion would advance in four waves on a four-company front, moving off in successive lines of half-platoons in file. While the tanks crept into position behind them, the half-platoons sheltered in shell-holes, under intermittent shelling with lachrymatory gas, until Zero at 06.20.
| 2.203125
| 0
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78779808
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th%20%28Service%29%20Battalion%2C%20East%20Surrey%20Regiment%20%28Bermondsey%29
|
12th (Service) Battalion, East Surrey Regiment (Bermondsey)
|
Other tanks worked up the east and west sides of the village. After confused fighting, Flers was in British hands by 10.30, and 12th ESR 'mopped up' the dugouts with bombs, sending large numbers of prisoners back. Other Germans fled towards Gueudecourt, while their artillery put down a heavy bombardment on the village. This caused disorganisation, and by now most of the officers and warrant officers who had gone into action were casualties (only one 2nd Lieutenant and one CSM came out unwounded). The operation orders had been received late and briefings had been inadequate: the NCOs and ORs were unaware that they were supposed to advance to one final objective, a line of trenches beyond the village. Part of C Company did attempt to get there, but could not hold it. The position of the battalion was now critical: scattered parties were in and around the village, which was under intense artillery fire, and were cut off by a German barrage laid in their rear. Dinnaken had broken down while withdrawing to the rally point, but two tanks that had accompanied the New Zealand Division up the west side of Flers came out of cover in the village and broke up a German counter-attack. 122nd Brigade gathered what troops it could, including 228th Field Company, Royal Engineers, who had been building strongpoints, and stabilised the situation so that 12th ESR and the rest of the brigade could be relieved by 123rd Bde beginning at 16.30. About this time a shell landed in the shell hole occupied by Battalion HQ and Lt-Col Walmisley-Dresser was wounded. A stretcher-bearer got him back to the casualty clearing station while the remnants of the battalion slipped back in small parties. At 19.15 they were sent back to the reserve trenches. On the evening of 16 September the second-in-command, Maj H. De C. Blakeney came up from the transport lines at Fricourt with 6 officers and 60 ORs and took command of the battalion
| 1.976563
| 0
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78780096
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Lisa%20Lora-Wainwright
|
Anna Lisa Lora-Wainwright
|
Anna Lisa Lora-Wainwright is an academic geographer. She is Professor of the Human Geography of China at the University of Oxford and a fellow of St Cross College, University of Oxford.
Education
Lora-Wainwright studied a BA (Hons) in Social Anthropology at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, graduating with first-class honours in 2002. She then studied a master's degree in Chinese Studies at the same institution, graduating with a Distinction in 2003. In 2006, she was awarded a DPhil by the University of Oxford, with her thesis' title being Perceptions of Health, Illness and Healing in a Sichuan Village, China.
Career
From 2006 onwards, Lora-Wainwright began to focus more on pollution in the countryside of China, due to her interest in the connections between the environment, peoples' activities and their health. She has organised a number of workshops on these issues, involving staff from several academic disciplines. She started working at the School of Geography and the Environment at the University of Oxford in 2009; prior to this, she worked at the University of Manchester.
Her first book, Fighting for Breath, published in 2013, concerned the care practices of, and experiences of cancer by, people living in villages in China. In 2013 the Leverhulme Trust awarded her with a Philip Leverhulme Prize; the award of £70,000 recognised that her research had had considerable international impact.
In April 2018, she was awarded the British Sociological Association/BBC Thinking Allowed Ethnography Prize for her book Resigned Activism: Living with Pollution in Rural China. However, in 2019, a panel found that Lora-Wainwright committed misconduct by not adequately acknowledging the work of Chinese colleagues in the book; she was told to change the book's content to make sure their work was cited.
In 2018, she became Professor of the Human Geography of China at the University of Oxford.
| 2.28125
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78780654
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrothelium%20xanthosordithecium
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Astrothelium xanthosordithecium
|
Astrothelium xanthosordithecium is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling, crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. The lichen grows in the rainforests of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It contains the chemical lichexanthone, a secondary metabolite that causes it to fluoresce when lit with an ultraviolet light.
Taxonomy
The Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot formally described Astrothelium xanthosordithecium in 2022, highlighting its unique chemical composition compared to its closest relative, Astrothelium sordithecium. The species epithet xanthosordithecium alludes to its distinctive feature: the presence of lichexanthone, a yellow pigment, contrasting with the brownish (a tissue in the ascomata containing spore-producing cells) of A. sordithecium. The type specimen was collected from the Santuário do Caraça in Minas Gerais, at an elevation between .
Description
The thallus of Astrothelium xanthosordithecium is slightly shiny and olivaceous green, spreading up to in diameter and about 0.1 mm thick. It closely follows the without forming a prothallus, an initial growth phase or border seen in other lichens. Reproductive structures (ascomata) are pear-shaped and fused, forming within , a tissue structure that houses multiple ascomata. These pseudostromata are often whitish, round to lobate, and can be 1–3 mm in diameter and 0.9–1.4 mm high. Each pseudostromatum typically has a single group of fused ascomata, thus a single ostiole (opening), which is black and eccentric (off-centre).
The internal tissue, or hamathecium, contains tiny brownish oil globules. The lichen produces eight spores per ascus, which are clear (hyaline), dividided into four compartments by septa (3-septate), and measure 34–37 by 10–12 μm. These spores are long-ellipsoid in shape and do not have a surrounding gelatinous sheath. No pycnidia (structures for asexual reproduction) were observed.
| 2.734375
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78780655
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Jews%20in%20Nalchik
|
History of the Jews in Nalchik
|
In 1925, the Jewish quarter of Nalchik was separated into a department of the administrative district within the city. That same year, a school for Mountain Jews operated in Nalchik. The director was Kamuil Isaakovich Gilyadov; in 1923, K. I. Gilyadov prepared and published an alphabet book in Nalchik in the language of Mountain Jews, using the Hebrew alphabet. In 1927, a neighborhood council was elected, which was liquidated in 1938, and included Jews – a policeman and a paramedic. That same year, Jewish cooperatives of shoemakers and tanners leather were created. Since 1928, a branch of OZET operated in Nalchik.
In the late 1920s, 57% of Nalchik's Mountain Jews were engaged in agriculture. In the 1930s, Nalchik's Jews began to move to other areas of the city. Rabbi Nehemiah was the rabbi of Nalchik during these years. In 1924–31, one of the four languages in which the newspaper "Red Kabarda" was published was the language of the Mountain Jews.
On October 28, 1942, Nalchik was occupied by Wehrmacht units. In November 1942 – early January 1943, there was an "open" ghetto in Nalchik, where several thousand people were located. Mountain Jews lived compactly in a special district, where local Jews from other areas of the city moved after the occupation.
In early November 1942, several dozen Ashkenazi Jews (including evacuees) and 10 Mountain Jews were killed in Nalchik as "Soviet activists." After the registration of Jews, some of their property was confiscated. Jews were ordered to wear six-pointed stars; after negotiations between representatives of the Mountain Jewish community and local authorities, the order was cancelled on December 16, 1942. A "national council of Tats" was organized under the national council created by the occupation authorities, which included 15 people. Nalchik was liberated on January 4, 1943.
| 2.53125
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78780655
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Jews%20in%20Nalchik
|
History of the Jews in Nalchik
|
In 1945, the previously closed synagogue at 79 Podgornaya Street in Nalchik resumed operations. On normal days, 35–45 people attended the synagogue, and on holidays, 350 to 450 people. The rabbis were S. R. Shaulov and Shamulya Khazkeevich Amirov (1880–?). The duties of shochet and mohel were performed by Rabbi Nakhamshiya Khazkeevich Amirov (1882–1968), the son of Kh. A. Amirov.
In 1947, the teaching of the Judeo-Tat language in school ceased. In the 1940s and 1950s, most of the Mountain Jews in Nalchik were employed in the clothing and shoe industries.
In 1959, the vocal and instrumental "Mountain Jews Ensemble" was created at the shoe factory, later renamed the "Judeo-Tat Folk Vocal and Musical Ensemble" under the direction of Viktor Shabaev. Since 1988, the socio-political center "Tovushi" (Light), founded by the granddaughter of the educator Kamuil Isaakovich Gilyadov, Svetlana Aronovna Danilova (b. 1940), the music school "Shulamit", where the director was Nina Kardailskaya, the Sunday Jewish school "Mekhina", and was a Sunday kindergarten. In 1990, a new synagogue was built in Nalchik. A Jewish school has operated since 1990. The community center housed an ulpan, a library, and youth clubs.
Since 1993, the newspaper Jews of the North Caucasus has been published, edited by Mikhail Zavelevich Iofin. In the mid-1990s, a Jewish comprehensive school began operating. In the 1990s, the rabbi of Nalchik was Ovshalum Ilkhanovich Shamilov (1942–1996).
However, with the collapse of the USSR, the situation changed. The criminal situation and low standard of living predetermined the mass exodus from the Jewish Quarter, which forced many to move to other cities in Russia and abroad, to Israel, the US, Europe. Many were forced to leave the city; it was difficult to endure lawlessness and rampant crime.
| 2.03125
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78780919
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20American%20weasel
|
South American weasel
|
South American weasels (subgenus Grammogale) are New World weasels endemic to South America. There are two extant species — the Amazon weasel (Neogale africana) and the Colombian weasel (Neogale felipei).
Taxonomy
The Amazon weasel was the first species of the two which was described, as it was described by Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1818. Spanish naturalist Ángel Cabrera described Grammogale in 1940 as a monotypic subgenus, though this would change in 1978 when the Colombian weasel was first described. Grammogale was originally one of five subgenera in the genus Mustela (the other four Lutreola, Mustela, Putorius, and Vison). South American weasels were reclassified into the genus Neogale with their closest relatives (the American mink, the long-tailed weasel and the sea mink) in 2021.
South American weasels are the result of a second migration of Mustelinae into South America (the first being long-tailed weasels in the late Pliocene).
Characteristics
As with most New World weasels, South American weasels have an elongated, slender, body shape with small ears and legs. Most South American weasels have a dark brown fur colour, though some Amazon weasels may have a reddish brown colour.
| 2.84375
| 0
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78781287
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbles%20Danayarri
|
Hobbles Danayarri
|
Hobbles Danayarri (c. 1925 – 24 March 1988) was a Mudburra man, born on Wave Hill Station, and he was a stockman, Aboriginal lawman and community leader.
Life in the Northern Territory
Danayarri's totem was the barramundi and it is said that when his father speared the fish, and his mother ate it, the spirit of the fish became Danayarri. This was evidenced by a small mark on the right side of his forehead which showed where the fish had being speared. He was born into relationship with country and grew up learning his culture and living with his people; as a part of this he learned songs, visited sacred places and performed ritual associated with his land. He became a respected lawman.
As a young man Danayarri begun working on Wave Hill and Victoria River Downs Stations as a stockman and became aware of the injustices of this kind of work for his people. This was driven home for Danayarri before he even began working as, when he was only a small boy, still held on his father's shoulders, he went to watch Aboriginal men and women, directed by a white overseer, constructing a dam using back breaking labour. There he saw the clear demarcation of the food, clothing and types of work done by the two groups.
When he begun working as a stockman he, and the other workers, did not receive adequate wages and faced discrimination as Aboriginal people. As an Aboriginal man he also did not hold citizenship rights at this time and was legally considered a ward of the state with his choices moderated by the Protector of Aborigines, and later, the Department of Native Affairs. Because of this, in 1966, he joined the Wave Hill walk-off, in which he and 200 of his countrymen, demanded land rights and fair wages.
After the walk-off, which ended in 1975, Danayarri travelled with his wife Lizzie Wardaliya, a Ngarinman woman, to Yarralin where they helped found the community.
| 2.15625
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78781287
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbles%20Danayarri
|
Hobbles Danayarri
|
Danayarri was a deep thinker and he told many of his own stories, many of which where formed from historical rather the Dreaming time and, to record these, he worked closely with Deborah Bird Rose and they worked together for three decades. As an example of these he would tell stories of Captain James Cook to show how his people where dispossessed of their land and forced to work on cattle stations. This account of Cook's story was designed to tell the story of the colonisation of Australia from "the other side of the beach" and his view that Cook was trespassing. He said of this:
Rose believes that Danayarri's stories, which are a form of spoken-word poetic history, are some of the greatest pieces of Australian literature and that they deserve to be significantly more well-known then they are.
Danayarri also resented the presence of 'the church' in his community and frequently asked them the leave. On one occasion he cut open a Bible with a butcher's knife and shouted:
He wanted his people to follow their own law rather than that of the white man's god.
Danayarri died of cancer on 24 March 1988 at Katherine Hospital and was buried at Wave Hill station. Following his death Danyarri believed that his body would become a shooting star and that his spirit would become a new life and that another spirit would be created that would stay forever on his country.
| 1.921875
| 0
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78781359
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirini
|
Dirini
|
Dirini is one of the tribes in the butterfly subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae. Consisting of 29 species in 6 genera, the group's members are exclusively found in southern Africa. Initially distinguished by having a forewing cell length shorter than half the length of the forewing, the morphological synapomorphy that links the members of the Dirini together is the presence of the scaphium on the male genitalia. The group is remarkable for its restricted distribution within South Africa and Lesotho, with a single species whose distribution who extends into Zimbabwe. It is closely affiliated with the tribe Melanitini, of whom the Neotropical Manataria hercyna is closest related to the Dirini as a whole.
Description
Members of the tribe are endemic to southern Africa, with the group consisting of 29 species in 6 genera. The larvae of the members feed on grasses. First characterized by Miller in 1968 as exhibiting a forewing cell length shorter than half of the length of the forewing, this feature united the genera of Dira, Dingana, Serradinga, Torynesis and Tarsocera. This circumscription excluded Aeropetes or Paralethe, which were alternatively placed into Lethini by Miller in 1968, Elymniini by Ackery et al. in 1995, and Melanitini by Peña et al. in 2005. Phylogenetic analysis in 2010 by Price et al. confirmed their continued placement within the Dirini. The presence of a scaphium on the male genitalia was identified as the sole morphological synapomorphy which united the group.
| 2.25
| 0
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78781800
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Semitism
|
Pan-Semitism
|
Pan-Semitism refers to the idea or advocacy of unity between Semitic-speaking peoples. Most Pan-Semitic efforts have been between Arabs and Jews.
History
Pan-Semitism was formed as an idealistic movement which advocated for a union between Arabs and Jews, with Semitic identity being the unifying factor. During the 1920s, Pan-Semitic ideologues further developed Pan-Semitism as a solution for the Arab-Jewish tensions in Mandatory Palestine. They also cited historic events, such as the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain being under Al-Andalus. Different variations of Pan-Semitism also emerged. Pan-Semitism was unpopular among both Arabs and Jews and eventually declined. Some continued to espouse Pan-Semitism even after its decline.
Pan-Semitism also saw Islam and Judaism as closely related religions which could coexist even without secularism, and hailed Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad as examples of Semitic religious glory.
Uri Avnery, a Pan-Semitic ideologue, had also proposed a Semitic state which would have included Arab, Jewish, Samaritan, Assyrian, and Mandaean regions throughout the Middle East.
The Brit Shalom organisation espoused Pan-Semitism. Brit Shalom had Anti-Western views and saw Pan-Semitism as a way for Jews and Arabs to reintegrate in the land which was historically significant for both communities. Many Jews who advocated for Pan-Semitism also sought to reverse the Westernisation of Jews and reintegrate to their historic Semitic lifestyle which was Oriental.
Despite the conflict between Arabists and some Zionists, the relations between Arabs and Jews living in rural lands were cordial. Community leaders from both sides were close together. Many Arabs and Jews were even motivated by their personal friendships to embrace Pan-Semitism. A 1930 commission report stated that Arab-Jewish coexistence was very common in rural villages.
| 3.078125
| 0
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78781845
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20duct%20sign
|
Double duct sign
|
The double duct sign is a radiological finding characterized by the simultaneous dilation of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. This sign is significant because it often indicates an obstruction in the distal bile duct and pancreatic duct, frequently caused by serious underlying pathologies such as pancreatic carcinoma or periampullary tumors. The double duct sign is most commonly visualized on imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Pathophysiology
The double duct sign results from the anatomical convergence of the biliary and pancreatic ducts at the ampulla of Vater, where obstructions can disrupt the drainage of both systems simultaneously. Common causes of such obstructions include pancreatic adenocarcinoma, periampullary cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis, gallstone-related obstruction and strictures.
Imaging features
Ultrasound: May show dilated common bile duct and main pancreatic duct, but is less reliable in visualizing both ducts simultaneously.
Computed Tomography: Non-contrast and contrast-enhanced CT may demonstrate dilation of both ducts and identify an underlying mass in the pancreas or ampulla, if present.
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): Non-invasive procedure, that clearly shows dilated CBD and MPD and may help pinpoint the obstruction site.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): A diagnostic and therapeutic tool, ERCP provides high-resolution imaging of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. It is particularly useful for biopsy or stenting if malignancy is suspected.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Combines high-resolution imaging with the ability to perform fine-needle aspiration for tissue diagnosis.
| 2.15625
| 0
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78782018
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah%20H.%20Blount
|
Josiah H. Blount
|
Josiah Homer Blount (September 17, 1860 - December 15, 1938) was an American teacher, farmer, businessman, and fraternal order leader who was first African-American to run for Governor of Arkansas.
Early Life and Education
Blount was born into slavery to farmers Madison Blount and Queen Victoria Isabella Lester Blount in Clinton, Georgia. Following Emancipation, Blount was educated in Macon, Georgia public schools before attending Walden University
Following his graduation in 1890, Blount relocated to Arkansas where he began a multi-decade career in education as a teacher, principal, and administrator for schools in Texarkana, Hot Springs, Helena, and Forrest City. In addition to being an educator, Blount was a successful farmer and brick maker, eventually managing a brick manufacturing plant in Forrest City.
Community Involvement
During World War I, Blount was one of several Black leaders that participated in organizing local chapters of the Arkansas Colored Auxiliary Council of Defense (CACD), a state-level program of the Council of National Defense. Despite resistance and erasure from Arkansas state officials, CACD chapters raised funds, bought war stamps, encouraged food conservation, and sewed clothing for soldiers. The CACD was disbanded following the end of the war in late 1919.
Blount was heavily involved with Mason organizations. He was one of 13 original founding members of the Ancient Egyptian Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine,. was a thirty-third-degree Prince Hall Mason, and served as the Deputy Grand Master of the Most Worshipful Sovereign Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Arkansas for at least four years
| 2.609375
| 0
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78782416
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20diaphragm%20sign
|
Continuous diaphragm sign
|
The continuous diaphragm sign is a radiological finding seen on chest X-rays that indicates the presence of gas within the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum (pneumomediastinum), the peritoneal cavity (pneumoperitoneum) or pericardium (pneumopericardium). This sign is characterized by the uninterrupted visualization of the diaphragm's contour across the midline, underlining both the right and left hemidiaphragms, which is normally obscured by the overlying heart and mediastinum.
Pathophysiology
The diaphragm typically appears as two separate, curved outlines (hemidiaphragms) on a chest X-ray due to the heart and mediastinum obscuring its central portion. When air accumulates in the mediastinum or peritoneal cavity, it outlines the diaphragm, making its central portion visible and creating the appearance of a continuous line. The continuous diaphragm sign is most commonly caused by the presence of free air in the mediastinum where air escapes from the lungs, airways, or other mediastinal structures. The causes for pneumomediastinum include trauma, alveolar rupture, asthma exacerbations, or esophageal perforation. The sign can also be seen in pneumoperitoneum, where free air enters the abdominal cavity due to gastrointestinal perforation or surgery.
| 2.703125
| 0
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78783018
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway%20Blues%20%28Swanstrom%20and%20Morgan%29
|
Broadway Blues (Swanstrom and Morgan)
|
"Broadway Blues", also known as "The Broadway Blues", is a blues song with lyrics by Arthur Swanstrom and music by Carey Morgan. The song was introduced by Lillian Lorraine in Florence Ziegfeld's 1918 Broadway musical revue Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic. The song became a popular hit in 1920 with two top selling recordings that year; one made by Nora Bayes and the other made the duo of Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake. The song was also recorded in 1920 by Art Hickman and his orchestra, and it was published that year by Irving Berlin's music publishing company. In 1921 the song was interpolated into the Broadway musical revue Snapshots of 1921.
Aileen Stanley originally recorded the song in 1920 for Chicago's Mandel Manufacturing Company's phonograph player, and also recorded the song for Victor Talking Machine Company. She recorded the song again in 1922 for Black Swan Records using the pseudonym Georgia Gorham, and that same year soprano Ennis Parkes recorded it for the His Master's Voice. Other artists associated with the song in the early 1920s included Harry Fox, Henry Santrey, Jack Norworth, and Ted Lewis.
| 2.359375
| 0
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78783097
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkland%20Bushwhackers
|
Kirkland Bushwhackers
|
The Kirkland Bushwhackers, also known as the Kirkland Raiders, were an irregular military force led by John Jackson Kirkland during the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era. Known for their extreme violence, the group operated in the Southern Appalachian region, particularly in what is now Graham County, North Carolina, and Monroe County, Tennessee. The gang targeted Union and Confederate soldiers, civilians, and rival outlaws with Guerrilla tactics, leaving a legacy of fear and infamy.
Origins and leadership
John Jackson Kirkland, born in 1827, served as a Third Lieutenant in Company B of the 3rd Tennessee Mounted Infantry (CSA) after enlisting in Lynchburg, Virginia on June 6, 1861. After his family’s grist mill on Turkey Creek (near Tellico Plains, Tennessee) was destroyed, Kirkland deserted the Confederate Army and formed the Kirkland Bushwhackers, possibly in response to the Partisan Ranger Act of 1861. The gang was comprised primarily of Confederate deserters and disaffected locals with unclear political or military loyalties. As the war progressed, the theater where they operated was plagued by irregular warfare and atrocities committed against civilians and regular forces alike.
Activities
The Kirkland Bushwhackers orchestrated an ambush at a ford where Buck Highway crossed Citico Creek. Seven Bushwhackers concealed themselves in the brush as eight members of the Union-aligned Laney Gang crossed on horseback. When the gang reached the middle of the creek, the Bushwhackers opened fire, killing seven of the Laney Gang, including leaders Randolph Laney and James Elliot. Only one member escaped.
Near Deals Gap, North Carolina, the gang ambushed a family mistakenly caught in the path of a planned raid on Union soldiers transporting a military payroll. The family’s infant began crying, threatening to reveal their position. In one of the most chilling acts attributed to the gang, John Kirkland killed the child and hid the body in a hollow log.
| 2.40625
| 0
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78783097
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkland%20Bushwhackers
|
Kirkland Bushwhackers
|
On September 2, 1864, in Ball Play, Tennessee, the gang ambushed Bob Stratton and Jack Roberts. They lured the men with a piece of paper placed in the road. When the men stopped to investigate, the Bushwhackers opened fire, killing Stratton instantly and fatally wounding Roberts. The Kirklands were reportedly after Stratton's Spencer repeating rifle.
Kirkland's brutality also extended to his own kin. On December 8, 1864, he murdered his uncle by marriage, Bas Shaw, and Shaw's two sons, Jim and Jeff, who served in the 11th Tennessee Cavalry (Union). Shaw had participated in a Union raid on Robbinsville, North Carolina, during which Kirkland's brother, Jesse, was killed.
Captain Joseph C. Gray, a Union officer in the 3rd Tennessee Mounted Infantry (Union), was ambushed at his home near the Little Tennessee River on January 15, 1865. The gang murdered Gray and celebrated with a drunken party, during which their women allegedly danced around a campfire wearing Gray's stolen cavalry boots. Years later, Gray's widow, Rachel McCall Gray, reportedly refused to forgive one of the gang members responsible for her husband's death.
They were accused of shooting down Anna Rodgers in Monroe County, Tennessee on March 12, 1865. Although there were several warrants for the sheriff to bring in the accused, the Kirklands had fled into the mountains and were never apprehended for this particular crime. Anna may have been related to one of her killers.
Hideouts
The Kirkland Bushwhackers used the rugged and remote terrain of the Unicoi Mountains and adjacent Snowbird Mountains to evade capture. Known hideouts included Kirkland Springs near Avey Branch, below present-day Horse Cove Campground, where the gang kept stolen livestock,
and the Slickrock Creek Watershed were they often laid ambushes at Big Fat Gap and Yellowhammer Gap.
| 2.03125
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78783133
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurutva
|
Gurutva
|
Neutralisation
The quality of gurutva is eternal existence in the paramanus of the dravyas so it can't be destroyed. But the effect of gurutva can be neutralised by conjunction, effort and faculty (speed form). When gurutva is interrupted by these, it's effect is neutralised. In the text Vaisheshika Sutra, there is a sutra regarding conjunction as
The Vaisheshika sutra 5.1.7 translates as "In the absence of conjunction, gurutva causes falling effect".
Similarly there is a sutra regarding saṃskāra (speed form) as
The Vaisheshika sutra 5.1.18 translates as "In the absence of propulsive energy generated by action (saṃskāra), gurutva causes falling effect".
Classification
In the combined Nyayavaisesika school, the twenty four gunas are divided into two types on the basis of generality and speciality of the gunas. They are sāmānya guṇas (general qualities) and viśeṣa guṇas (special qualities). The gunas which exist in two or more than two dravyas are called as sāmānya guṇas and similarly the gunas which specially exist in only one type of dravya are called as viśeṣa guṇas. Since gurutva exists in the two types of dravyas namely prithvi and jala, so it is classified as a sāmānya guṇa.
On the basis of its existence, it is classified as both eternal and non eternal (evanescent) gunas. It is eternal gunas for the paramanus of the dravyas prithvi and jala. Similarly it is non eternal (evanescent) gunas for composite materials. On the basis of perception, it is classified as atīndriyaguṇas. The atīndriyaguṇas are those gunas which are not perceptible by external sense organs.
| 2.03125
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78783289
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muro%20Miyayama%20Kofun
|
Muro Miyayama Kofun
|
Several archaeological excavations have been carried out, revealing that there are an estimated six burial facilities in total, two in the circular posterior portion, part, two in the rectangular anterior portion, and one each in the two the protruding parts. The two burials in the rear mound are vertical-entry stone burial chambers containing a chest-shaped stone coffins, made by cutting and assembling tuff slabs, with the long side stones standing on top of the bottom stone and the short side stones fitted in front and behind, and the inside was painted vermilion. In the southern burial chamber, the chest-shaped stone coffin can be viewed on-site. This long-chest-shaped sarcophagus, also known as the "Great King's Coffin," has a 3.77 meter long lid with eight tortoise-shell decorations on the top, and six rope-hanging protrusions. The grave goods were in pieces due to tomb-robbing, but many items have been excavated, including a triangular-rimmed bronze mirror with divine beasts, armor, iron swords, magatama and tubular beads. A similar sarcophagus was found in the north burial chamber, and boat-shaped pottery was one of the notable grave goods.
The construction of this tumulus is estimated to have been around the beginning of the 5th century, during the middle of the Kofun period, with the tumulus most likely the grave of Katsuragi no Sotsuhiko, who is mentioned in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki as a military commander of Japanese forces on the Korean peninsula in the war against the Kingdom of Silla and the ancestor of the Katsuragi clan. His daughter was empress during the time of Emperor Nintoku. There is an alternative theory that this is the tomb of the semi-legendary Emperor Kōan, whose palace (according to the Kojiki) was located in this area.
The tumulus is about 3.3 kilometers south of Kintetsu Gose Station on the Kintetsu Railway Gose Line.
| 2.65625
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78783305
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney%20Tilson
|
Whitney Tilson
|
Whitney Richard Tilson (born November 1, 1966) is an American former hedge fund manager, and a philanthropist, author, and Democratic political activist. He managed a hedge fund for 18 years. In November 2024, Tilson announced his entry into the Democratic primary for Mayor of New York City in the 2025 election. He promised to cut New York City violent crime, reduce spending, address the high cost of living, and improve New York City public schools.
Early life and education
Whitney Tilson was born in New Haven, Connecticut, to Thomas and Susan Tilson. His great-grandfather was John Q. Tilson, a Republican politician from Connecticut. John Q. Tilson served in the House of Representatives for 22 years, for six years as House Majority Leader, during the Coolidge and Hoover Administrations.
Tilson's parents had met when they were in the Peace Corps, teaching in the Philippines, and married three months later; as of 2015 they lived in Kenya, as did his sister Dana. Tilson grew up primarily in Tanzania and Nicaragua, where his parents served as educators in the Peace Corps. At age 6, he participated in the Stanford marshmallow experiment, a psychological study that examined delayed gratification among children.
Tilson graduated from Northfield Mount Hermon School in Massachusetts in 1985. In 1989, he graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College with a bachelor's degree in government. In 1994, he earned an MBA with High Distinction from Harvard Business School. He was named a Baker Scholar, a recognition awarded to the top 5% of the graduating class.
Career
Finance
Tilson spent two years working a consultant for the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) before business school. BCG agreed to defer his start date for half a year, so that he could help launch Teach for America.
| 1.9375
| 0
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78783334
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Bar%20%281649%29
|
Siege of Bar (1649)
|
The Siege of Bar took place between the Cossack garrison of Bar and the Polish–Lithuanian forces of the Bar fortress, during which Polish commander Piotr Potocki laid a siege on the fortress, capturing the fortress and defeating its garrison, in February 1649.
Prelude
Bar fortress was an important defense point of Podolia, which came under control of Cossacks during the previous siege. Piotr Potocki gathered an army with the goal of retaking Bar fortress and taking revenge on Cossacks in 1649.
Siege
On February, Piotr Potocki besieged Bar fortress. Potocki was responsible for maintaining the Kamianets-Podilskyi and was in charge of it, but he still took part in campaigns against Cossacks. Much like Maksym Kryvonis during the siege of 1648, Potocki used trickery and scheming in order to get into Bar fortress. After Potocki managed to get into the fortress with his army, he fought and defeated the Cossack garrison of Bar, reportedly leaving no one alive from the garrison. This was described as Polish forces taking revenge on Cossacks, who broke their promise of peaceful capitulation to the Polish Bar garrison in 1648, executing Polish prisoners.
The news of the loss of Bar fortress to Polish forces infuriated Bohdan Khmelnytsky. This led to crueler treatment of Polish prisoners held by the Cossacks, including Kudak garrison. Khmelnytsky reportedly refused to hand over Andrzej Polotcki who was captured in the previous siege of Bar.
Aftermath
The loss of Bar fortress to Polish forces was a major blow to Cossack control over Podolia. Khmelnytsky was particularly dissatisfied about the loss of Bar. When the Commonwealth envoys arrived, Khmelnytsky treated them like captives, not allowing them to leave. Khmelnytsky clearly expressed his dissatisfaction about losing Bar fortress and ongoing actions of Piotr Potocki in Podolia, saying to the commissioners present at the meeting:
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78783480
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%20in%20corn%20syrup
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Mercury in corn syrup
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The third study was led by Karen Rideout at the National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health in Canada in 2010. Rideout’s team collected nine Canadian national brand syrup products containing HFCS (known as glucose-fructose) as the first or second ingredient from major chain grocery stores in Vancouver. All of the samples collected by Rideout’s team were analyzed for mercury and concentrations ranged from 0.220 -1.92 ug/l.The results were peer-reviewed and published as a comment on the article published by Dufault and her collaborators in Environmental Health in 2010, a year after the Corn Refiners Association had claimed that there were no quantifiable levels of mercury in high-fructose corn syrup manufactured in US and Canada production facilities.
Known sources of mercury in high-fructose corn syrup
The presence of mercury in HFCS has been attributed to the use of mercury-grade caustic soda and mercury-grade hydrogen chloride in the corn syrup manufacturing process. Both chemicals are found to contain mercury residues when derived from the mercury-cell chlor-alkali chemical manufacturing process. Another source of the mercury residue in HFCS, however, is the routine application of mercuric chloride (0.01 M) on the corn during the starch extraction process.
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78783735
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian%20National%20Theatre%2C%20Vara%C5%BEdin
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Croatian National Theatre, Varaždin
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The Croatian National Theatre (), commonly referred to as HNK Varaždin, is a theatre located in Varaždin.
History
The history of theater in Varaždin dates back to 1637, with the Jesuit school performances held at the local grammar school. These productions were predominantly in Latin and German language. Between 1788 and 1873, 30 theatrical performances were organized in Varaždin, taking place in both private and public spaces.
The theatre building, designed by Viennese architect Hermann Helmer, was completed in 1873. The theater in Varaždin was the third theatre building in Civil Croatia. The first professional Croatian theater ensemble was formed in 1898 under the management of the Croatian Drama Society, led by historian Ivan Mičetić. The Permanent City Theater as an institution was officially established in 1915, featuring both a drama and an opera ensemble. This institution was active until 1925. Between 1907 and 1942 Varaždin served as the secondary base for the Croatian National Theatre in Osijek. The city theatre was also used for marking special occasions of the city Gymnasium later in the interwar period. After World War II in Yugoslavia, the professional National Theater "August Cesarec" was established, with support from the Slavonian regional authorities.
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78783788
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Saturday%20Night%20Live%20short%20films
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List of Saturday Night Live short films
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History
Origins
In 1974, when Lorne Michaels and Dick Ebersol were developing Saturday Night Live, they asked comedian Albert Brooks to be the permanent host. He turned the job down and instead suggested he make short films for the show, having recently made his first show, called "Albert Brooks' Famous School For Comedians." They agreed, and Brooks was the first person hired to SNL, agreeing to write and direct a new short film for the show every week. Penelope Spheeris produced and served as a director of photography on Brooks's short films, and Monica Johnson and Harry Shearer collaborated with Brooks on most of them. Michaels wanted the films to be three minutes, Brooks wanted them to be five, so they came to an agreement that they would be three-to-five minutes. For the third episode, which was hosted by his friend Rob Reiner, Brooks submitted a 13-minute short, which Michaels refused to air until Reiner insisted that it be shown. The film was so long that it necessitated a commercial break in the middle, thus taking the audience away from the live show for 20 minutes. Michaels and Brooks continued to have conflict over the length of the films, and Brooks felt his films were resented by the SNL team and felt distant from them, being the only person working on the show living in LA. He left SNL with bitterness in early 1976. Spheeris tried pitching scripts for her own short films to Michaels, but he turned her down.
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78784293
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Narol%20%281672%29
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Battle of Narol (1672)
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The Battle of Narol took place on 6 October 1672, during the Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676). It was part of Jan III Sobieski’s autumn expedition, aimed at destruction of mounted Tatar units, which plundered southeastern provinces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Battle
On October 6, 2 Tatar chambuls returning from Goraj attacked Narol. The city was burned and plundered, and its inhabitants taken prisoner. Sobieski advanced on the burning Narol and attacked the 2 recurring chambuls.
Krzysztof Łasko struck the Tatars first. Taken by surprise, the Tatars did not put up long resistance. The army pursued the fleeing Tatars until nightfall. Many Tatars drowned in the Tanew River. They were saved from complete annihilation by the dark night and dense forests. They fled blindly, some retreating back toward Zwierzyniec. The path was strewn with corpses for two Podolia miles. two thousand noblewomen, children, peasants and cattle were freed from Tatar captivity. The army he won many bachmats. Several dozen Tatars were taken prisoner.
Aftermath
The army spent the night Narol for 3 or 4 hours. At midnight, Sobieski set off on his further expedition.
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75704684
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravertebral%20block
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Paravertebral block
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Paravertebral block (often known as PVB) is a technique used in medicine in order to ease chest pain. An analgetic agent, usually Bupivacaine or morphine, is injected into a narrow space that lies next to the spine. A fine tube is left in place in order to re-administer the local anesthetic whenever necessary. Complications of the paravertebral block are rare. They include vascular or lung injury, hypotension and pneumothorax. Paravertebral block is used in thoracic surgery (lung resections, rib fractures), general surgery (as in cholecystectomy, inguinal hernia surgery, liver surgery and breast surgery).
Uses
PVB is can be employed whenever relief from acute or chronic pain is required or anticipated in the chest or abdomen. It is particularly beneficial in scenarios involving breast, thoracic, renal, or abdominal surgery, as it can effectively alleviate pain. Additionally, PVB can prove valuable in managing acute pain conditions, such as rib trauma, as well as in cases of chronic pain.
History
Paravertebral block was initially described by Hugo Sellheim of Leipzig in 1905, but the technique was rarely used until the 1980s, when new interest on the technique arose. It gained further popularity in the last two decades.
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75704784
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20State%20of%20Hidalgo
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Economy of the State of Hidalgo
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As of the third quarter of 2016, the Economically Active Population (EAP) amounted to 1,230,173 people, of whom 61.7% are men and 38.3% are women; In total, the EAP represented 57.64% of the working-age population. Of the total EAP, 97.33% is occupied and 2.67% is unoccupied. Of the total, 798,603 are salaried, 290,541 are self-employed, 48,304 are employers, and 59,909 are unpaid.
In 2013, the total number of people employed was 353,978; of these, 50.4% corresponded to paid employed personnel; 37.5% to owners, family members and other workers, who collaborated for the economic unit without receiving remuneration and 12.1% were made up of personnel not dependent on the company name. For the total employed personnel, 33.1% were concentrated in Commerce, 32.4% in Non-Financial Private Services and 25.7% in Manufacturing.
Poverty and social marginalization
According to the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy in 2014, 54.3% of the total population lived in poverty, of which 42.0% were in moderate poverty and 12.3% were in extreme poverty. According to measurements, in 2008 55.0% of the population was in poverty, by 2010 it decreased to 54.8%, by 2012 it decreased to 52.8% and by 2014 the percentage increased again to 54.3%.
The municipalities with the highest percentage of their population living in poverty were: Yahualica, Xochiatipan, Tepehuacán de Guerrero, Huehuetla and Calnali. The municipalities with the lowest percentage of their population living in extreme poverty were: Mineral de la Reforma, Pachuca de Soto, Tizayuca, Atotonilco de Tula and Tepeji del Río de Ocampo. On the other hand, those with the highest concentration of people in poverty were: Pachuca de Soto, Huejutla de Reyes, Tulancingo de Bravo, Ixmiquilpan, Tula de Allende.
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75704784
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20State%20of%20Hidalgo
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Economy of the State of Hidalgo
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There are 90 producers working there, generating 2300 direct jobs and 7500 indirect jobs, and a combined production of 500,000 liters of milk. In the 1990s, the ranchers created their own production and marketing company under the name of Leche Real de Tizayuca, but in 2009 it went bankrupt. In 1976, the dairy basin produced 2.8 million liters per week, in 2008 its production was around 1.4 million per week, and in 2010 the production is around 500,000 liters per week. In 2012, the 70 active stables sold their product to firms such as: Santa Clara, Alpura, and Liconsa.
The Santa Clara Productos Lácteos company was founded in Pachuca in 1924 with just a small herd of 17 Creole cows and in 2012 it is classified among the top 5 Mexican dairy groups, manufacturer of milk, yogurt, cream, ice cream, cheese and coffee. It processes more than 200,000 liters of milk per day, of which 75% is used for milk and the remaining 25 % is used for the production of ice cream, yogurt and cheese. In Tizayuca there is a plant of the company Fritos Totis.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing industries are the most important sector in Hidalgo, contributing 28.84% of Hidalgo's GDP. In the area of productive infrastructure, the state has thirteen industrial and/or technological parks operating, located in Pachuca de Soto, Mineral de la Reforma, Tula de Allende, Tizayuca, Huejutla de Reyes, Atitalaquia and Ciudad Sahagún.
The textile and clothing sector is one of the most important sectors for Hidalgo. The municipalities with the highest levels of production of textile inputs and finishes, textile products and clothing are Tepeji del Río de Ocampo, Tizayuca, Tlaxcoapan, Zapotlán, Tlanalapa, Tepeapulco, Pachuca de Soto, Mineral de la Reforma, Progreso de Obregón, Actopan, Cuautepec de Hinojosa and Tulancingo de Bravo.
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75704784
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20State%20of%20Hidalgo
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Economy of the State of Hidalgo
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Pachuca is the most important city in the state. The municipality's tourism infrastructure is as follows: 32 lodging establishments with a capacity of 1,471 rooms, 157 beverage and food preparation establishments and 36 travel agencies, 13 car rental companies, 4 convention centers and 1 golf course.
The main tourist attractions of the city are the buildings, monuments, and museums of the historic center, as well as the various cultural centers in the other parts of the city, highlighting the David Ben Gurion Park. The Hidalgo Stadium is a major tourist attraction, especially during the matches of the Primera División of Mexican Soccer. In the city there is a Turibus called Tranvía Turístico de Pachuca, installed in 2003 that runs through the main attractions of the city center.
The Calinda Hotel which was established in 1987 and is now Fiesta Inn, later the Hotel Excelencia Plaza in 1992, Hotel La Joya in 1993, the Camino Real Hotel in charge of the Angeles Business Group (formerly Crowne Plaza Hotel) which was established in 2005; and the Holiday Inn Hotel are a sample of the hotels in the city. One of the most requested products by tourists is pasta.
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