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75704912	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%21%3A%20The%20Game%20of%20Siege%20Warfare%2C%2050%20AD-1400%20AD	Siege!: The Game of Siege Warfare, 50 AD-1400 AD	Siege!: The Game of Siege Warfare, 50 AD-1400 AD is a board game published in 1974 by Fact and Fantasy Games that simulates various sieges through the ages. Description Siege! is a 2-player board wargame focused on historical tactical sieges and storming castles using increasingly sophisticated tools and weapons from the 1st to the 15th century. One player controls the attacking force, while the other player defends the town. Several scenarios are included such as a Pictish attack on Hadrian's Wall, the siege of a castle from 400 AD and the siege of a walled city from 1400 AD. A 16" x 21" hex grid map is included that has a variety of terrain as well as a town and motte and bailey surrounded by a curtain wall. Several other fortifications from various time periods can be added to the map via separate hex sheets laid on top of the board. Included with the mix of military counters, there are counters for a dragon, leader and superhero, but there are no rules for using these. Gameplay The game uses a simple "You Go, I Go" alternating turn system, with each side having an opportunity for missile fire, movement and combat. Victory conditions Both attacking and defending players are awarded a victory point for each enemy unit eliminated. For each attacking piece on top of or inside the town's wall, the attacker receives two victory points. At the end of the scenario's allotted number of turns, the player with the most victory points wins. Publication history In 1974, Fact and Fantasy Games, based in Maryland Heights, Montana published Siege!, a board wargame game designed by Richard R. Jordison.	2.5
75705624	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Museum%20of%20Guatemalan%20Art	National Museum of Guatemalan Art	The National Museum of Guatemalan Art ( or MUNAG) is an art museum located in Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez Department. Background The museum is housed in the Palacio de los Capitanes Generales, which dates to the 16th century and was once the seat of the Captaincy General of Guatemala. The building is also a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site. The first phase of the museum was inaugurated on September 10, 2021. Work on the second phase of the museum began on December 1, 2021. One year later, on August 1, 2022, the second phase of the museum was inaugurated, adding an additional 10 rooms to the exhibition space. The museum received more than 500 visitors on its first day of operation after completion of the second phase. The museum has seen more than 175,000 visitors since it first opened in September 2021. The museum has received funding from the Central American Bank for Economic Integration but is mostly funded by the Ministry of Culture and Sports of Guatemala. , the operating budget for the museum was approximately 567,000 Guatemalan quetzals per year. Collection The museum has more than 842 square meters of exhibition space, containing artwork from the pre-colonial, colonial, and Republican period and spanning more than 3,000 years. Some of the oldest pieces in the museum's collection come from the archeological sites at Tikal National Park (in Petén Department) and Takalik Abaj (in El Asintal, Retalhuleu Department). This includes items such as the lintel of the Tikal Temple III and the burial offerings of King K'utz Chman.	2.703125
75705689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swainsona%20fissimontana	Swainsona fissimontana	Swainsona fissimontana is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to inland areas of southern continental Australia. It is a compact, erect or upright perennial herb with imparipinnate leaves with 7 to 13 narrowly elliptic to elliptic leaflets, and racemes of pink to dark purplish flowers in racemes of 3 to 11. Description Swainsona fissimontana is a compact, erect or upright perennial herb, that typically grows to a height of up to and has densely softly-hairy stems. The leaves are imparipinnate, mostly long with 7 to 13 narrowly elliptic to elliptic leaflets, the leaflets long and wide with linear stipules long at the base of the petioles. The flowers are pink to dark purplish, arranged in racemes of 3 to 11 on a peduncle long with egg-shaped bracts long at the base. Each flower is long on a pedicel about long, the sepals are joined at the base to form a rounded tube about long with tapering lobes shorter than the tube. The standard petal is about long and wide, the wings long and the keel long. Flowering usually occurs from August to December, and the fruit is an elliptic pod long with the remains of the style about long. Taxonomy and naming Swainsona fissimontana was first formally described in 1927 by John McConnell Black in the Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, from specimens collected by Albert Morris north of Broken Hill. The specific epithet (fissimontana) means Broken Hill. Distribution This species of pea grows in stony or rocky places on plains or hillsides from far western New South Wales to Lake Eyre, the Flinders Ranges and south-eastern regions of South Australia.	2.578125
75705920	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt%20of%20Ashikaga%20Yoshiaki	Revolt of Ashikaga Yoshiaki	Siege and revolt In 1573, five years into his tenure as shogun, Yoshiaki initiated a siege against Nobunaga under the directive of the monk Kennyo. Asakura Shingen and Asakura Yoshikage tried to subdue Yoshiaki. Azai Nagamasa, Matsunaga Hisahide, Sanninshu Miyoshi, Miyoshi Yoshitsugu, and others also participated in the siege against Nobunaga. Although the siege initially cornered Nobunaga's forces, it was interrupted by the death of Takeda Shingen, who succumbed to an undisclosed illness. After the failed siege, Yoshiaki sought assistance from the Matsunaga clan and formed an alliance with them. In April and July, Yoshiaki and the Matsunaga clan gathered their forces at Makishima Castle, marking the beginning of the revolt. This angered Nobunaga, who marched his armies into Kyoto. According to reports, Nobunaga set fire to Kyoto, forcing Yoshiaki to retreat. Yoshiaki's journey to seek asylum in Sakai, near Osaka, was marred by an incident in which he was robbed by a thief and derided by civilians as a 'poor Kubo' (a destitute court noble). As a result, he renounced his position and became a Buddhist monk, purportedly adopting this guise to conceal his identity while in hiding. Aftermath (1573 - 1585)	2.796875
75705936	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryphalus%20dilutus	Cryphalus dilutus	Cryphalus dilutus, the spurred bark beetle, is a tropical and subtropical bark beetle which attacks fig (Ficus carica) and mango trees (Mangifera indica) causing dieback. It belongs to the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae. Distribution C. dilutus is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Most distribution records are from southern Asia, the Near East and Mexico. It was originally described from Myanmar (type locality) and other locations cited in taxonomic articles include southern China, Malta, southern Italy, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Mexico. In southern Italy it was first reported in 2014 and 2015 and is regarded there as an invasive pest of fig and mango trees. In Mexico it is also listed as 'introduced'. For a complete list of distribution records see the "Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of North and Central America". Biology The adult of C. dilutus is around 2 mm long and about 1 mm wide. Among other features it has a spine on the mesofemur which is unique in the subfamily Scolytinae. Beetles infesting mango trees are sometimes confused with Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing, 1914, the mango bark beetle, which also infests mango trees and has a similar distribution compared to C. dilutus. However, that species does not attack fig trees, is not found in southern Europe and has different morphological features. The females of C. dilutus lay eggs under the bark of fig and mango trees, where the larvae develop with the help of symbiotic fungi. Apart from several species of Ficus and mango, no other host plants are known. Several plant-pathogenic fungi are associated with the adults like Ceratocystis ficicola which is causing the destructive fig wilt disease in fig trees. In Italy, the damage to fig trees has been described as 'rapid fig tree dieback' and attacked mango trees suffered from serious trunk damage and wilting.	2.59375
75705995	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Wayne%20Chiefs	Fort Wayne Chiefs	In 1928, the Baseball Commissioner became aware of a situation that resulted from the increased scouting of the league. Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis discovered that the St. Louis Cardinals owned both the Central League Dayton, Ohio, based Dayton Aviators and the Fort Wayne Chiefs, giving the Cardinals control of two teams in the same league. Due to conflict-of-interest protocols that were violated, Landis ordered the Cardinals to immediately sell the Fort Wayne franchise and forfeit the rights to the players on the Fort Wayne roster. Baseball Hall of Fame member Chuck Klein played for Fort Wayne in 1928 at age 23. Before the 1928 season, Klein was acquired by the Chiefs from the Evansville Hubs for $200. In 88 games with Fort Wayne in 1928, Klein had a .331 average with 26 home runs, 29 doubles, and 85 runs scored. After the commissioners ruling on the conflict regarding the dual St. Louis Cardinal affiliation with Dayton and Fort Wayne, Klein became available to other teams. The Philadelphia Phillies purchased Klein's contract from Fort Wayne for $7,500, outbidding the New York Yankees, who offered Fort Wayne $5,000 for Klein. Klein then reported to Philadelphia and made his major league debut that day, July 30, 1928. Klein later gave appreciation to Punch Knoll, his manager at Fort Wayne. "He was the one who polished my rough edges as a batter, "Klein reflected, "and believe me, as a batter, I was full of them."	2.25
75706660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Won-seok%20%28writer%29	Kim Won-seok (writer)	In 2013, Kim made his debut as a television writer with the MBC drama The Queen's Classroom, which was an adaptation of a Japanese drama with the same name. It revolves around Ma Yeo-jin (played by Go Hyun-jung), a stern teacher who becomes the homeroom teacher of an elementary school class. The drama gained attention for its distinctive storyline, which places the children in difficult situations, forcing them to confront reality. It portrays the children's journey of personal growth and self-discovery as they navigate through a harsh teaching method that involves harsh words and extreme circumstances. Even after Ma Yeo-jin's departure, the students continue to reflect on her teachings and apply them, solidifying her status as a guiding hero for the children. Kim Won-seok collaborated with writer Kim Eun-sook on the 2016 KBS2 drama Descendants of the Sun, which was based on Kim Won-seok's award-winning work Doctors Without Borders. The drama, set in an unfamiliar and challenging environment, depicted the struggles of young soldiers and doctors. While the romantic relationships in the series were captivating, the story also emphasized the sense of duty displayed by the main characters, portraying them as genuine heroes. Descendants of the Sun became a sensation in South Korea and China, attracting a wide audience due to its compelling storyline and exploration of life's value.	2.15625
75708951	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsal%20%28yacht%29	Helsal (yacht)	Helsal was the world's first sloop-rigged maxi yacht launched in April 1973. Helsal was commissioned by sailor Tony Fisher, who skippered it to take line honours in the 1973 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race in a then race record time of 3 days, 1 hour, 32 minutes, and 9 seconds. Dubbed "The Flying Footpath", it was constructed using ferro-cement with tension cables 45 cm apart throughout the hull. Fisher first engaged Bob Miller (better known as Ben Lexcen) to design the yacht, however, Miller teamed up with Alan Bond to prepare the yacht Southern Cross which challenged for the 1974 America's Cup. Joe Adams who was working with Miller took over the design work. Fisher also engaged bridge engineer Peter Ellen, who proposed the tension cables in the hull. Helsal was named after Fisher's wife Helen and daughter Sally. Both Fisher's daughter, Sally Smith, and son, Rob Fisher have skippered boats in the Sydney to Hobart race. Helsal was sold in 1979 going to the Philippines as a charter boat where shortly after went up on a coral reef, then towed into Manila Harbor, where she was blown onto a breakwater during a cyclone and sank.	2.359375
75709656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEX%20%28sounding%20rocket%29	LEX (sounding rocket)	LEX (French: Lithergol EXpérimentale) was a French experimental hybrid-propellant sounding rocket, developed by ONERA. It had the objective of testing a lithergol fueled rocket engine (an hybrid mixture of solid and liquid propellants - Nylon-metatolueneamine as fuel and mixture of nitric acid and nitrogen tetroxide as oxidizer). It was the first rocket in history to use this technology, flying 8 times between 1964 and 1967. The rocket had a single stage with a thrust of 10.00 kN (MT.27 hybrid rocket motor), a gross mass of 100 kg, a height of 3.40 m, and a diameter of 0.16 m, reaching an apogee of 130 km. Launches All LEX launches were carried out from CERES Ile du Levant. The first LEX-01 launch on 25 April 1964 was a partial success, with the payload consisting of a telemetry transmitter. Three LEX-02 rockets were fired on 1 June 1965. One of these rockets, with an initial mass of 78 kg, reached an altitude of 68 km. Four LEX-02-B launches occurred on 1 November 1967. Two were intended as technological tests and two others as actual payload launches. These carried the SECT Meteo meteorological payloads, reaching an altitude of more than 100 km, with a parachute ensuring a correct descent for 31 minutes allowing wind measurements over a wide range of altitudes.	2.515625
75709814	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro%20Tivoli	Teatro Tivoli	After Frederico Lima Mayer's death, his son, Augusto Lima Mayer, installed a stage and dressing rooms. The theatre then hosted famous companies such as the Comédie Française, the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier and the Royal Shakespeare Company performing The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night's Dream, with Barbara Jefford and Ralph Richardson. It also attracted numerous musicians, such as the composers and conductors Igor Stravinsky, Thomas Beecham, and Frederico de Freitas, pianists such as Sequeira Costa, Maria João Pires, Arthur Rubinstein and José Viana da Mota, the violinist Yehudi Menuhin, and the cellist Guilhermina Suggia. Ballets were also often presented there. From the 1970s the theatre became more international in its outlook, putting on plays written by playwrights such as Terence Frisby, Peter Luke, Francis Veber, Jean Anouilh, and Neil Simon. In 1973, the Tivoli ceased to belong to the Lima Mayer family, having been acquired by João Ildefonso Bordallo and in 1989 it was acquired by a Spanish businessman, Emiliano Revilla, who, shortly afterwards, sold the majority of his shares to a Spanish company. From the 1980s there was a possibility that the theatre would be demolished but this was no longer possible after it was declared a Property of Public Interest in 1997. After a period of closure, the theatre reopened in 1999, having undergone renovation work. Since then, it has undergone several further changes in ownership. In 2012 it was renamed Teatro Tivoli BBVA following a sponsorship agreement with the Spanish bank, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria. In 2015, the Tivoli was classified as a Monument of Public Interest, a crucial step towards maintaining its character.	2.125
75709881	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Special%20Programme%20Implementation%20%28Tamil%20Nadu%29	Department of Special Programme Implementation (Tamil Nadu)	The Department of Special Programme Implementation is one of the departments of Government of Tamil Nadu. The department is responsible for monitoring and implementation of government programmes and skill development. Objective and functions The department is responsible for working with other departments to ensure the implementation of various programmes and schemes of the state government. The department serves as the monitoring body of the state government and monitors the progress of various schemes and programmes announced by the government. It is responsible for coordination with various departments and agencies to ensure timelines are met and intended beneficiaries are benefited. The department also co-ordinates the e-governance initiatives and leads the skill development initiatives of the state government. Sub-divisions The following sub-departments, bodies and undertakings function under the purview of the department: Tamil Nadu Skill Development Corporation (TNSDC) Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion (SANKALP) Tamil Nadu Apex Skill Development Centre (TNASDC) Tamil Nadu Chief Ministers Fellowship Programme (TNCMFP)	2.03125
75710129	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turner%20House%20%28New%20York%29	Turner House (New York)	For the Turner House in 1963, the landscape architect Katherine Wilson Rahn designed and supervised the creation a long, straight drive bordered by sugar maples. The drive leads to a forecourt with a circular turnaround. In 1964 Richard L. Turner commissioned Steele to design a garden for the 6-acre estate. Steele provided a bilaterally symmetrical plan inspired by the gardens of the Châteaux de Vaux-le-Vicomte, the Château de Sceaux, and the Palace of Versailles. Steele's design balanced geometric formality with an extraordinary variety of plant species. The garden's North Vista has a large outdoor room set amid towering trees, mid-sized flowering trees including hawthorn (Crataegus, dogwood (Cornus), and shadblow {Amelanchier), and shrubbery including vintage rose bushes. The culmination of the North Vista is a circular reflecting pool surrounded by a semicircle of towering cedar trees. However, at the time of Steele's death in 1971, several areas of the 6-acre estate had not been landscaped. Although she respected Steele's design, Nancy Turner commissioned an indoor swimming pool, where she swam each morning. She also commissioned a birch-tree allée in an undeveloped section of the property. The allée was designed by the Rochester-based landscape architect Carolyn Marsh Lindsay (b. 1932), who was in 1989–1990 the president of the American Horticultural Society.	2.03125
75710754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Kerman%20bombings	2024 Kerman bombings	On 3 January 2024, a commemorative ceremony marking the assassination of Qasem Soleimani at his grave in eastern Kerman, Iran, was attacked by two bomb explosions. The attacks killed at least 95 people, and injured 284 others. The Iranian government declared the bombings a terrorist attack, making it the deadliest such incident in the country since the Cinema Rex attack of 1978. On the following day, Islamic State, a Sunni extremist group, claimed responsibility for the attack in the Shia dominated country. According to Reuters, the United States Intelligence Community concluded that the attack was perpetrated by the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State, Islamic State – Khorasan Province. Background On 3 January 2020, General Qasem Soleimani was killed by a United States drone attack in Iraq. Soleimani was the commander of the Quds Force of the IRGC. Soleimani held a position of significant influence in Iran, widely considered the second most powerful figure in the country after Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. As leader of the Quds Force, the overseas operations arm of the IRGC, he played a key role in shaping Iranian policy across the region. Soleimani was responsible for overseeing clandestine missions and providing guidance, funding, weapons, intelligence, and logistical support to allied governments and armed groups, including Hamas and Hezbollah.	1.96875
75710819	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej%20Niwi%C5%84ski	Andrzej Niwiński	Andrzej Stefan Niwiński (born 1948 in Warsaw) is a Polish archaeologist, specializing in the field of religious iconography and mythological studies of the XXI–XXII Dynasty. Especially known as a specialist in the studies of coffins from XXI dynasty, and his search for tomb of Herihor. Biography In 1971, he graduated with a degree in Mediterranean archaeology from the University of Warsaw, under the supervision of Professor Kazimierz Michałowski. Since 1973 his research focused on the religious iconography of 21 dynasty. He obtained his doctorate in 1979 and habilitation in 1989. He worked at the Department of Egyptian Archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw. He participated in the Polish Archaeological Mission at the Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut from 1972 to 1974. In 1981 he received as scholarship at Ägyptologisches Institut of Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg in Heidelberg as part of Humboldt Research Fellowship Programme (1981-1984). In 2000 he became a full professor. He is the founder and president of the Association of Egypt Enthusiasts HERHOR (Stowarzyszenie Miłośników Egiptu „Herhor”). In 2022, he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland. The search for Herihor tomb Andrzej Niwiński began searching for the tomb of Herihor in 1980. As no mummy of this phaoraoh has been found yet, Niwiński believes that if the tomb is excavated, it could be an intact grave. The Cliff Mission at Deir el-Bahari started operating in 1999, although, the area above Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut as potential place of Herihor tomb was already assigned by him in 1986. The main purpose of Cliff Mission was to carry out an Egyptological examination of the cliff ledge situated above the temples of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III to detect all the traces of human activity and to find the grave of Herihor.	2.234375
75711128	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandali%20District	Mandali District	Mandali (Arabic: مندلي, Kurdish: مەندەلی, romanized: Mendelî, Turkish: Mandali) is one of the disputed areas between Baghdad and Erbil and belongs to Diyala Governorate administratively. It is 93km away from the city of Baqubah, the center of Diyala Governorate. It is inhabited by a mixture of Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen. Mandali borders Khanaqin district from the north, and lies on the border strip with Iran from the east, and Qazaniyah district, the center of Baladruz district, from the west. In 1987 Mandali was a district, and Baladruz and Qazaniya sub-districts belonged to mandali district, then Baladruz was transformed into a district and Mandali became a Subdistrict of it till recently when it gained district status. History Mandali district was inhabited by a majority of the Feyli Kurds, who were subjected to a large-scale campaign of displacement, were deprived from their Iraqi citizenship and properties by the Baathist regime in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Feyli Kurds were also subjected to deportation, displacement, arrest, and murder during the rule of former President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr in 1970 and 1975, and, Saddam Hussein's regime in 1980. Historians believe that the displacement was due to their sectarian and ethnic affiliations, as well as their struggle for autonomy and independence. In 2010, the Supreme Criminal Court issued its verdict regarding the crimes of displacement, disappearance, and seizure of the rights of the Feyli Kurds, deeming them to be acts of genocide. On December 8 of the same year, the Iraqi government issued a decision committing to removing the negative effects of targeting the Feyli Kurds, followed by a decision from the Parliament on August 1, 2010, which declared the forced displacement and disappearance of the Feyli Kurds as a crime of genocide.	2.15625
75711311	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idun%20Lov%C3%A9n	Idun Lovén	Siri Ingrid Idun Lovén (12 April 1916, Växjö—20 February 1988, Solna) was a Swedish painter and art teacher who is remembered for her efforts to improve the status of art schools in Sweden. She headed the art school Konstskolan Idun Lovén in southern Stockholm from 1958 to 1988, introducing new art forms such as sculpture, film, theatre and dance into the curriculum. Her own paintings include landscapes of Lapland and the Kinda region as well as still life's and portraits. Biography Born on 12 April 1916 in Växjö, Siri Ingrid Idun Lovén was the next youngest daughter of the training college teacher Johannes Samuel Lovén and Ester Zidonia née Bengtsson. From the age of four, Lovén was brought up in Linköping. On matriculating from high school in 1934, Lovén studied art in Linsköping under Leoo Verde. In 1938–39, she spent a year at the Statens håndverks- og kunstindustriskole in Oslo with teachers including Per Krohg and Carl von Hanno. In parallel, she also studied at the Swedish Art Academy. In the mid-1950s, thanks to a travel grant, Lovén went on study trips around Europe and North Africa. Career Following exhibitions in Östersund (1945) and Linköping (1958), Lunvén received considerable praise from the critics for the oils and watercolours she exhibited in Linköping in 1953. Her works in the 1950s included landscapes from Lappland and the Kinda Bay as well as still lifes and portraits. She adopted the style of expressive colourism, profound but rather heavy, applying her full palette in her still lifes and portraits. As a teacher, she strove to improve the status of Sweden's private colleges of art. In this connection, she was an active member of the Swedish free art schools organization (Stiftelsen Fria Konstskolor). In 1957, she took over control of the school in Stockholm founded by the art teacher Edward Berggren which soon became known as Konstskolan Idun Lovén. She enlarged the scope of teaching to cover sculpture, film, theatre and dance, arranging regular cultural evenings.	2.1875
75711343	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Perth%20City%20Council%20election	2023 Perth City Council election	The 2023 Perth City Council election was held on was held on 21 October 2023 to elect a lord mayor and 4 councillors to the City of Perth. The election was held as part of the statewide local elections in Western Australia. Background The previous mayoral election was held in October 2020, following the council's suspension by the Western Australian state government in 2018. Four of the eight councillors elected in 2020 faced another election in 2021, while the remaining four had their terms expire in 2023. Three candidates contended the position of Lord Mayor − incumbent Basil Zempilas, councillor Sandy Anghie (who also contested the 2020 election) and Will Leyland. The campaign was surrounded by claims that Zempilas would join the Western Australian Liberal Party and contest the 2025 state election. On 6 September 2023, Zempilas confirmed he would seek re-election. Anghie campaigned on "serving full time for a full term," and said she did not have ambitions for state or federal politics. The Greens endorsed one candidate − Isabella Tripp − who also ran in Cowan at the 2022 federal election. Electoral reform introduced into the state parliament by the McGowan government in February 2023 saw optional preferential voting (used for state and some local elections in New South Wales) introduced, replacing first-past-the-post. Results	2.171875
75711575	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zofia%20Podkowi%C5%84ska	Zofia Podkowińska	Zofia Podkowińska (17 May 1894 – 10 February 1975) was a Polish historian-archaeologist, specializing in the field of Neolithic studies. Biography Education Podkowińska was the daughter of the physician Zygmunt (1867–1932) and Józefa née Tarnowicz (1867–1941). During World War I, she spent time in Russia. In 1918, she graduated from the Polish Gymnasium named after Zofia Różycka in Moscow and received her matriculation certificate. Upon returning to Warsaw, she initially worked as a library assistant and later as the head of the Universal Library of the City of Warsaw at 24 Rozbrat Street. Her choice of study direction was influenced by her father, who was passionate about anthropology. In the fall of 1918, she enrolled at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Warsaw, attending archaeology classes taught by assistant professor Włodzimierz Antoniewicz. She studied under Stefan Krukowski and Ludwik Sawicki. They collaborated on studying the suburban sand dunes and conducted the first excavations. Simultaneously, from 1920 to 1922, she worked as a referent at the Central Statistical Office. In 1922, she became a demonstrator at the Department of Prehistoric Archaeology and, two years later, a junior assistant. In 1927, she presented the paper "Older and Younger Band Pottery in Poland," earning her a Ph.D. in philosophy. She conducted independent research in 1929 in Opatów and applied a method she had learned from Ludwik Sawicki during excavations in Jurkowice. During her research on Polish Neolithic in 1932, she received a scholarship from the National Culture Fund, which allowed her to travel abroad. She worked in museums in Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Germany, and the observations and conclusions were included in her work "Corded Ware Culture," which was submitted for printing in 1938 and was to be the basis for her habilitation thesis. Unfortunately, the printing house was burned in 1939, and her apartment was destroyed in 1944, resulting in the loss of her work.	2.296875
75712085	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidersaura	Sidersaura	In January, 2024, Lerzo et al. described Sidersaura marae as a new genus and species of rebbachisaurid sauropod based on these fossil remains. The generic name, "Sidersaura", combines the Latin word "sidus, sideris", meaning "star"—in reference to the shape of some of the preserved haemal arches—and "saura", the feminine declination of the Greek word "sauros", meaning "lizard" or "reptile". The specific name, "marae", honors fossil preparator and MMCh-PV director Mara Ripoll. Description Sidersaura was a very large rebbachisaurid. Aside from the controversial giant sauropod Maraapunisaurus which may be a rebbachisaurid, Sidersaura may represent one of the largest known members of this group, at around long and 15 tons in weight. The left femur (MMCh-PV 236) of Sidersaura is long, thus representing the largest known rebbachisaurid femur; other large femurs include those of Limaysaurus, at long, and Comahuesaurus, at long. The femur of Amphicoelias altus, a diplodocid from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of the United States estimated at in length, was similar in size, at .	2.25
75712232	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20in%20paleoichthyology	2024 in paleoichthyology	Liu et al. (2024) revise Osteochilus sanshuiensis, Osteochilus longipinnatus and Osteochilus laticorpus from the Paleogene Buxin Formation (China), synonymizing them into a single species named Jianghanichthys sanshuiensis. Claeson et al. (2024) present a new reconstruction of Oncorhynchus rastrosus, interpreting its enlarged teeth as projecting laterally like tusks. Torres-Parada et al. (2024) report the discovery of fossil material of members of the genus Enchodus from the Upper Cretaceous strata of the La Luna Formation (Colombia). Redescription of Whitephippus tamensis is published by Davesne et al. (2024), who interpret this taxon as an early member of Lampriformes, likely related to extant opahs and oarfishes and providing the earliest known evidence of adaptation of lampriforms to the pelagic environment. Laine et al. (2024) sequence three-spined stickleback genomes from Late Pleistocene sediments from the Jossavannet lake (Finnmark, Norway), who identify more marine- than freshwater-associated ancestry in the studied genomes, but also find evidence that freshwater-associated alleles were already established at known loci of large effect during the brackish phase of the formation of the lake. Miyata et al. (2024) describe an assemblage of marine fish otoliths from the Lower Cretaceous Kimigahama Formation (Japan), including the oldest known fossil material of members of the family Ichthyotringidae, as well as of otoliths of pterothrissine bonefishes, elopiforms and herring smelts indicative of cosmopolitan distribution of these groups during the Early Cretaceous.	2
75712322	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein%20es-Sultan	Ein es-Sultan	Ein es-Sultan is a natural spring in Jericho, at the site of ancient Jericho, which has been identified with the tell (archaeological mound) known as Tell es-Sultan. It is known by Jews and Christians as the Spring of Elisha/Elisha's Spring, based on a biblical story about Prophet Elisha (see 2 Kings 2: The early acts of Elisha: bringing life and death (2:19-25)). In the Middle Ages, it was also known as Elisha's Fountain. The Ein as-Sultan camp just north of it is named for the spring. Etymology Ein is Arabic for spring, sultan for ruler, king. Alternative spelling variants include 'ein, ain, 'ain, ayn, and 'ayn, and for the definite article el, al, and as. History The first permanent settlement built near ancient Jericho was at Tell es-Sultan, by the Ein es-Sultan spring, between 8000 and 7000 BC, and consisted of a number of walls, a religious shrine, and a 23-foot (7.0 m) tower with an internal staircase. After a few centuries, it was abandoned for a second settlement established in 6800 BC close by. To Jews and Christians, the Ein es-Sultan spring is known as the "Spring of Elisha", after the biblical story about its purification by the prophet Elisha. The Byzantines built a domed church nearby dedicated to Saint Eliseus (Elisha in Greek). The Crusaders improved the water mills at Ein es-Sultan. In 2010, the spring saw the end of a year-long rehabilitation programme. By 2000 a protective building which helps avoid contamination of the water had been erected over the spring, and by 2010 the rehabilitation included the old facilities, the preservation of archaeological remains, and landscaping works at the site for tourism purposes. The Government of Italy led and financed the project, with support from the United Nations Development Programme-Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian People (UNDP-PAPP), as part of an upgrading effort of water networks in Jericho and Hebron.	2.65625
75712851	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%20Chian-Ho	Yang Chian-Ho	Yang Chian-Ho (; 1921-2011) was a Taiwanese journalist who is considered Taiwan's first woman journalist. Biography Yang Chian-Ho was born in Taihoku in 1921. She was educated in Japanese as Taiwan was under Japanese rule at the time, and graduated from Taihoku Women's College. She worked as a journalist for the Taiwan-based Japanese newspaper Taiwan Daily News (the largest newspaper in Taiwan at the time). As a journalist, she interviewed many public figures and introduced Taiwanese culture and advanced knowledge in areas such as education and health to facilitate the modernization of Taiwan society. She also wrote essays and short stories, which appeared in various publications. In 1942 she published a short story, The Season When Flowers Bloom, depicted the life and inner-world of the young educated women. She addressed the topics of female friendships, self-concept and consciousness-raising for women, family communication and pursuit of happiness. It was widely cited by researchers in trying to understand women's choices in upper-middle class society and the social expectations pushing them toward marriage during that time in Taiwan. In 2023, the original Japanese text was translated into English, Chinese and Taiwanese by her daughter, Chimei Lin Chen. In 1993, Yang published her memoir, Prism of Life in Japanese and translated into Chinese in 1995.	2.015625
75712916	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohyeddin	Mohyeddin	Mohyeddin is a name of Islamic and Arabic origin, meaning "Reviver of Dīn". It is used both as a personal name and as an honorific title. This name has been borne by some Islamic scholars, philosophers, and theologians throughout history, many of whom influenced Islamic history, philosophy, and thought. One such figure is Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi, a Muslim scholar who lived in Andalusia (now part of Spain) in the 12th century. Ibn Arabi is remembered for his teachings on Islamic spirituality, particularly Sufism. Often referred to as "the Great Sheikh", his writings continue to be highly regarded in the study of Islam today. Etymology The name Mohyeddin (Persian:محی‌الدین, Arabic:محیی الدین) is of Arabic origin. It combines two words: Mohy (Persian:محي) meaning “Reviver” and Din (Persian:دین) meaning “Religion” or “Faith”. Therefore, Mohyeddin translates to “Reviver of the Faith” or “Reviver of Religion". As a religious title, this name is sometimes given to those who inspire others to follow Islam. Mohyeddin as a personal name In Islamic culture, the choice of a name is important for some families, often reflecting family traditions, cultural values, and religious beliefs. Some parents choose the name Mohyeddin. Mohyeddin serves as a first name for boys and also as a middle or family name among Muslims, especially in the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. It is found in many languages, including Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Ottoman Turkish. Because of this spread across different regions, Mohyeddin has developed various spellings and pronunciations. Common variations include Mohieddin, Muhyiddin, Muhiyyuddin and Mohiuddin, which all carry the same meaning but reflect regional language influences. The flexibility of the Arabic language allows for different forms and spellings of Mohyeddin to emerge in diverse Muslim communities. Variations may arise due to linguistic differences, historical influences, or local naming customs.	2.65625
75712916	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohyeddin	Mohyeddin	Combining the name with other names or titles The name Mohyeddin is versatile and can be combined with religious titles and other names to create meaningful identities. For example, in Iran and other Persian-speaking regions, Mohyeddin is sometimes paired with the religious title Seyed, forming the name Seyed Mohyeddin. In history, the 12th-century Andalusian Muslim scholar and mystic, Ibn Arabi, is also known as Mohyeddin al-Arabi. The 14th Sultan of Brunei, Muhyeddin ibn Abdul Jalilul Akbar, often referred to as Muhyiddin of Brunei, shows how Mohyeddin can be part of royal and noble names. Mohyeddin in intellectual fields Some scholars and writers who explored different areas of Islamic literature, philosophy, and theology have used the name Mohyeddin. One early figure is Mohyeddin Abu Saeed Muhammad Neishabouri (1083–1153), an Iranian jurist and writer known for his works Al-Intsaf fi Masael al-Khilaf and Al-Mohit fi Sharh al-Vasit. Later, Mohyeddin Muhammad, more famously known as Aurangzeb (1618–1707), became the sixth Mughal emperor of India and left a mark on the region's history. Another prominent figure during the Islamic Golden Age was Muhyieddin al-Maghribi(c. 1220–1283), a Spanish-born Arab astronomer and mathematician. He worked at the Maragheh observatory in the Ilkhanate, and contributed important works like The Book on the Theorem of Menelaus and Treatise on the Calculation of Sines. Additionally, Muhieddin Lari, a Persian writer who died in 1526, authored the book Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn, a significant work in Islamic literature. Mohyeddin as a religious title The designation of Mohyeddin as a title has a religious meaning in Islamic theology, related to tajdid , which means “renewal". People with this religious title are recognised for their efforts to bring new life to the spiritual aspects of Islam. It shows their commitment to improving their faith and living righteous lives.	2.328125
75712932	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Eighty-Yard%20Run	The Eighty-Yard Run	Critical appraisal Literary critic James R. Giles reports that a number of Shaw’s stories "rank with the most distinguished American short fiction, including 'The Eighty-Yard Run.'" He offers "The Eighty-Yard Run" as "an example of Shaw’s craft at its flawless peak." Critic Bart Barnes in The Washington Post calls "The Eighty-Yard Run" among Shaw’s "very best stories." Author and editor Willie Morris recalls reading "The Eighty-Yard Run" as a sixth-grader and considers it "probably my first true introduction to great writing." The story inspired him to pursue a career in literature. Literary critic Nasrullah Manmbrol writes: Theme The focal character, Christian Darling, approaches middle-age with only the memory of his fame as a college football player as solace - a fame which he inflates in order to sustain himself as both his personal and professional life deteriorates. The contrast between Christian’s arrested maturation—his wife Louise addresses him as "baby"—and her development of a professional career and social relationships, form a central thematic element. Shaw augments this contrast with the "innocence" of Christian’s Midwest roots and his alienation in New York City - "a center of sophisticated sexual, artistic and political experience." In an interview with Liz Drivan in 1978, Shaw explained the thematic elements in the story: Footnotes	2.078125
75713038	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel%20Document%20for%20Return%20to%20Japan	Travel Document for Return to Japan	The Travel Document for Return to Japan () is a travel document valid for one-way travel issued by a Japanese diplomatic mission abroad to a Japanese national residing or staying in an area outside Japan whose Japanese passport has been stolen, lost, damaged, expired, or is no longer in their possession, and who must urgently return to Japan. It is stipulated in Article 19-3 of the Passport Law. Passport validity According to Japanese law, once a travel document is issued, the holder's original passport becomes invalid, revoked from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' database, and the passport number is published in the Official Gazette (Kanpō). In line with this, even if the holder's original travel document is found after the Travel Document for Return to Japan is issued, it cannot be used, and a new passport must be obtained if the holder wishes to travel again outside of Japan. When applying for a new passport, one can request to keep the temporary travel document. In such a scenario, it is invalidated by being hole-punched with "VOID", and then returned. Design Unlike the design of the passport which features the Imperial Seal of Japan, the Travel Document for Return to Japan features the paulownia crest of the Japanese government. The front color is beige.	2.21875
75713061	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmers%27%20suicides%20in%20Canada	Farmers' suicides in Canada	Since 2019, the mental health of farmers has been "identified as a priority" by the House of Commons Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food. According to a 2021 fact sheet produced by the Centre for Suicide Prevention and the Mental Health Commission of Canada, "[i]n Canada, producers (farmers and ranchers) are especially prone to mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety, and they may have less resiliency because of the stressors they experience." In a 2021 follow-up to their 2015–2016 University of Guelph study that examined farmers' mental health, a team of researchers under Jones-Bitton reported that "one in four farmers felt their life was not worth living." In order to reduce farmer suicides in Ontario, the Toronto-based Guardian Network was established. According to the Canadian Mental Health Association, the program trains volunteer "guardians", such as agricultural products providers and veterinarians, to recognize when farmers they know may have suicidal tendencies and help connect them with resources. Lead researcher Rebecca Purc-Stephenson, a psychology professor at the University of Alberta, studied the mental health crisis among farmers, aiming to move beyond simple death statistics and create a comprehensive profile of these individuals. As the lead researcher for AgKnow, a non-profit mental health initiative for farmers, she emphasized the importance of understanding the person behind the statistics to develop effective suicide prevention interventions. Purc-Stephenson and her team introduced the Farming Adversity-Resilience Management (FARM) framework, an analytical tool mapping the intertwining risk factors, guiding future research and improved prevention measures.	2.25
75713280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel%20Watts%20%28accountant%29	Ethel Watts (accountant)	Ethel Watts (1895 – 1963) was an English accountant who is remembered for being the first woman to become a chartered accountant through examination. Early life She was born in London on 3 January 1895, the eldest of three daughters of police officer John Watts and his wife Caroline, née Poole, a police matron. She was educated at Coburn Girls’ School, Bedford College, and Royal Holloway college, where she graduated with a BA in history in 1916. During World War I, she became an administrative assistant at the Ministry of Food, serving for a period as the private secretary to the Director of Oils and Fats. She had intended to train as a lawyer, but her time at the Ministry of Food gave her an interest in business, so she trained as an accountant on the advice of Sir Harry Peat. Accountancy career Watts passed the British Institute of Chartered Accountants' exam in 1924. She served her articles with S. Williams of Manchester and Aberystwyth before joining W.B. Peat and Co. After receiving a practising certificate in April 1925, she briefly served in Homersham & Watts with Miriam Homersham, before setting up her own firm, E. Watts & Co, which mostly provided tax advice. She remained committed to helping other women enter accountancy: taking on women clerks herself, speaking and writing about her experience, and in 1945, founding the Women Chartered Accountants’ Dining Society. She offered her services as an accountant to the London and National Society for Women's Service, where she had sat on committees since the 1920s, and which she continued to support when it became the Fawcett Society. Personal life and death In 1929, Watts married medical doctor Oscar Tobin. They had a son, Richard, in 1934. The couple hyphenated their surnames but Watts continued practicing under her maiden name. She died in Wimbledon, London, on 19 November 1963.	2.15625
75713394	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%A4rif%20Kamal	Şärif Kamal	Şärif Kamal (, ; – 22 December 1942) was a promintent Tatar writer, novellist, playwright and public figure. He is one of the largest representatives of Tatar literature of the early 20th century and the founders of socialist realism in Tatar national art. Kamal is known as author of short stories, and feuilletons, the story “The Seagulls” (), the novels “When the Beauty is Born” () and “With a Firm Tread” (), plays and cycles of poems. He translated works by Nikolai Gogol and Mikhail Sholokhov from Russian into Tatar. Literary works Kamal's first poems were published in 1905 in the Tatar newspaper Nur, published in St. Petersburg. A year later, the printing house of the same newspaper published a collection of his poems,Sada (Voice). In 1909–1912, he wrote the story The Crow’s Nest and the short stories In Search of Happiness, In a Foreign Land and The Tramp, which described the hard life of workers. The story The Seagulls is dedicated to the exploitation of fishermen. During the same period, Kamal wrote a number of satirical works directed against merchants and bourgeois nationalists. The works Wilted Flower and Boredom are devoted to the issue of equal rights for women. After the October Revolution, Kamal created the novel Tañ atqanda (At the dawn) about the revolution, Matur tuğanda (When the Beauty is born) about the tatar village of the 1920s. He also created dramatic works Ut (Fire), Kozğınnar oyasında (The Crow’s Nest), Tawlar (Mountains), Toman artı (Behind the Fog). Kamal was the first to translate Virgin Soil Upturned by Sholokhov into Tatar.	2.21875
75713950	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriela%20Cunninghame%20Graham	Gabriela Cunninghame Graham	Gabriela Cunninghame Graham (also known as Gabriela Marie de la Balmondière, née Caroline Horsfall; 22 January 1858 – 8 September 1906) was an English writer, translator, lecturer, and socialist, who was known for most of her life as Chilean-born and of French-Spanish origin, which was later discovered to be a fabrication. Life Gabriela Cunninghame Graham was born Caroline (or Carrie) Horsfall in Masham, North Yorkshire in January 1858, the second of thirteen children born to Elizabeth Stanfield and Henry Horsfall, a surgeon. She was known as a dynamic and imaginative child, who delighted her siblings with stories. As a teenager, in 1875, she ran away to London to pursue a theatrical career. Three years later, she met Scottish writer and politician R.B. Cunninghame Graham in Paris. They married on 24 October 1878 at a London register office, her name recorded as Gabrielle Marie de la Balmondière. Always known by Gabriela, she claimed to be the Chilean-born daughter of a French father and a Spanish mother, who had been sent to a convent by an aunt, and spoke with an assumed accent. Biographers of her husband described his meeting Gabriela while she was a schoolgirl in her late teens, although her real age at their marriage was 20. A 2004 biography of R.B. Cunninghame Graham by a descendant, Jean Cunninghame Graham, described the couple meeting in a park in Paris, and Gabriela revealing her true name and origins within the course of their first conversation. Nonetheless, her identity as Gabriela Marie de la Balmondière was maintained throughout her life, and after her death.	2.3125
75713950	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriela%20Cunninghame%20Graham	Gabriela Cunninghame Graham	Shortly after their marriage, the Cunningham Graham's travelled to America, where she began to write. Her first story was titled "The Wagon-Train", and told the tale of a journey on horseback from Texas to Mexico City. After America, the couple lived in Spain until the death of R.B. Cunninghame Graham's father in 1883. They then strove to pay off inherited debts, ultimately selling Gartmore House, the family seat, to ensure financial security. Gabriela maintained contact with her mother, but asked that her new identity be respected and not revealed. Gabriela Cunninghame Graham wrote essays, poetic translations, and a substantial biography of Teresa of Avila, Santa Teresa: Her Life and Times, published in 1894. This was described by Herbert Faulkner West as "monumental and scholarly". In 1897, she contributed a story to The Yellow Book. Like her husband, Gabriela was an active socialist, addressing meets in England and Europe on subjects including the need for an eight-hour working day, and the ideals of socialism. Fascinated by mysticism, she also wrote and lectured on this. Death and burial Gabriela Cunninghame Graham died from dysentery on 8 September 1906 in Hendaye, France. Her funeral took place on 19 September 1906 in the chancel of the ruined church of Inchmahome Priory, Scotland. After her death, Cunningham Graham collected his wife's poetry in a volume titled Rhymes from a World Unknown. Each year, on the anniversary of her death, he rowed to the island to smoke a cigarette over her grave. Gabriela having been a lifelong and heavy smoker, this had been a promise made to her. He was later buried beside her. Gabriela's death certificate recorded her as Gabrielle Marie de la Balmondière, aged 44, born in Chile to Joseph de la Balmondière and Carmen Suarez de Arecco. It was not until decades after her death that biographers learned Gabriela Cunninghame Graham's real lineage.	2.390625
75714277	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20in%20paleomalacology	2024 in paleomalacology	Mironenko & Smurova (2024) describe ammonite specimens from the Jurassic localities in Russia preserved with the three-dimensional cameral membranes in their phragmocones which differed in their spatial arrangement and complexity from those known in other ammonites, and study the formation of all types of ammonite cameral sheets. Mitta & Mironenko (2024) describe a large-sized upper jaw of a member of the genus Lytoceras from the Bajocian strata from the Kuban basin (Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia), representing the oldest complete jaw of this type and the only upper jaw of a member of Lytoceratina reported to date. Sandoval (2024) describes fossil material of Latiwitchellia evoluta from the Middle Jurassic strata from the Betic Cordillera (Spain), representing the first known record of this species outside Eastern Pacific, and interprets this finding as indicating that westernmost Tethys and Eastern Pacific domains were connected through the Hispanic Corridor during the early Bajocian. The earliest occurrence of genus Macrocephalites known to date is reported from the Bathonian Kachchh Basin (India) by Jain (2024). Description of Late Jurassic ammonites from the Spiti Shale Formation of the Spiti and Zanskar regions of the Himalayas (India) is published by Bhosale et al. (2024). López-Palomino, Villaseñor & Palma-Ramírez (2024) study the affinities of Late Jurassic ammonites from the Santiago Formation (Mexico), providing evidence of biogeographic affinities with ammonites from Cuba, Chile and Argentina, as well as evidence of existence of the connection between the Tethys Ocean and the Pacific throughout the Oxfordian. A study on the relationship between septal complexity and ammonite diversity during the Cretaceous is published by Pérez-Claros (2024), who finds no evidence of a close relationship between oceanic anoxic events throughout the Cretaceous and worldwide evolutionary dynamics of ammonites.	2.046875
75714436	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-Dieter%20Bensinger	Wolf-Dieter Bensinger	Wolf-Dieter Bensinger (26 February 1907 – 17 June 1974) was a German engineer and university professor who contributed significantly to the development of the Wankel rotary engine. Life and career Bensinger was born in Donaueschingen in 1907. In 1931, Bensinger became head of development at Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt (DVL) in Berlin. At DVL, he developed a sleeve valve system for the Daimler-Benz DB 600. On 20 October 1934, Bensinger married Ilse Margarete Anna, who originated from Stargard, Pommern. Their son was born in 1936. In the 1930s he met Felix Wankel, who became a long-term friend, and with whom Bensinger had a strong bond of trust. From 1943 or 1944 Besinger worked as an engineer with Daimler-Benz AG in Stuttgart where he became head of New Engine Development. From 1945, Bensinger became head of Passenger Car Engine Development. He designed engines such as the six-cylinder Mercedes-Benz M 180 Otto engine (later used in the Mercedes-Benz W 187 series Type 220), and he contributed to the design of the Mercedes-Benz M 198 Otto engine used in the Mercedes-Benz W 198 series Type 300 SL. In 1959, Bensinger became a procurator with Daimler-Benz AG, and from 1963, he was the leading engineer in Daimler-Benz's passenger car engine development. In 1960, Bensinger began Wankel engine development at Daimler-Benz, without having a written licence agreement with Wankel or NSU; Bensinger and Wankel, who were friends, had a verbal agreement. Eventually, the licence agreement was signed on 26 October 1961. In 1971, Bensinger received and offer of a professorship at the University of Stuttgart. Contemporaries considered Bensinger a Wankel engine enthusiast. Works	1.9375
75714717	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haras%20National%20de%20Lamballe	Haras National de Lamballe	In 1825, the attempt to create a real stud farm failed. The mayor of Lamballe called for a stallion depot to be set up in his town, and the Dinan arrondissement council passed a resolution to this effect. A royal decree of January 16, 1825, concerning the reorganization of the national stud farms, ordered the purchase of the Saint-Martin barracks (then owned by M. Micault de Mainville) by the town of Lamballe; the town and the département then contributed financially to the installation work. M. Gravé de la Rive was appointed head of the depot, then quickly replaced by M. Thiery at the end of 1828, who was in turn replaced by M. de Coëtquen des Ormeaux de Coëtdihuël. M. de Salinis ran the depot from 1831 until its closure in 1833. Four stallions were acquired between 1826 and 1830. The Côtes-du-Nord equestrian commission, meeting in February 1829, emphasized the high quality of the department's broodmares and asked Lamballe for funds to buy the best local stallions before they were sold commercially. However, with the opening of the Haras National de Langonnet, the creation of a stallion depot in Lamballe was deemed unnecessary. The depot was administratively abolished for budgetary reasons in 1833. A letter from the Prefect dated March 5, 1834, ordered the transfer of equipment and horses to Langonnet. The development costs incurred were lost, and the four stallions were transferred to Langonnet. The depot was officially closed in 1834, after eight years and four different directors. This led to protests, notably in the Journal des Haras. The closing of the depot is noted in the register of the Côtes-du-Nord equestrian commission as a "calamity that spreads discouragement among breeders". Numerous complaints from breeders reached the prefect and the general council, as the transfer of equine breeding activities to Langonnet for the entire Côtes-du-Nord department caused major disruption	2.3125
75714717	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haras%20National%20de%20Lamballe	Haras National de Lamballe	Definitive creation of the stud farm Against a backdrop of opposition between the military and stud administrations, on November 12, 1842, a royal decree divided the management of national stud activities in the former province of Brittany into two parts: the departments of Côtes-du-Nord and Ille-et-Vilaine fell to the Lamballe stud, which was then created in its definitive form. At the time, it had only one stable. A second stable of the same size was built the same year. This public stud was theoretically responsible for the 70,000 broodmares in the two départements, many of which were bred by private stallions. The stud was briefly managed by M. Paulin de Thélin, who managed to generate substantial revenues, despite the cost of the work, which had put the town of Lamballe into debt. His management was controversial due to his kinship with Achille de Montendre, and the struggle between the stud farm administration and the military remontes administration. Many vicissitudes followed, with frequent changes of management between 1842 and 1852. In 1842, the stud welcomed Brittany's first Norfolk Trotter stallion, Sir Henry Dimsdale, who bred for a year before being transferred to the Haras National de Saint-Lô. At this time, the stud also housed Percheron diligence horses and military saddlebred stallions of the Thoroughbred, Arabian, and Anglo-Norman types. In 1844, there were 35 stallions, including 7 Thoroughbreds. An incident was reported in 1852, when the inspector general of remounts, General des Carrières, visited the farm and declared that horses from the south of France (Arabs and Beards) were better suited to the haras and stations of southern France. The mayor of Lamballe reports to the prefect, who informs the minister of his wish to keep Arabian and Barb stallions at the Lamballe stud.	2.671875
75714717	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haras%20National%20de%20Lamballe	Haras National de Lamballe	The stud farm has a large fleet of heritage horse-drawn vehicles, with 22 carriages, including a horse-bus, a marathon carriage, a Tilbury, and a brake. The saddlery from Château de Beaumanoir (near Quintin), on display in the "grain room" of stable No. 10, was donated by the Saint-Pierre couple in 2006. This collection includes many equestrian objects used before the beginning of the 20th century, notably equine dentistry tools and one of the first models of mechanical clippers. The stud's main saddlery displays a very important collection of harnesses, testifying to the past importance of Breton horse horse drivers. These harnesses of various models are stamped with the official brand of the National Stud. The saddlery also exhibits various models of saddles, including sidesaddles. Vegetation The Lamballe stud site boasts a large number of tree species and varieties of flowering plants. More than 35 varieties of rose are found on the site, as well as pontic rhododendron. The site's trees include a hundred-year-old Juglans nigra, a 122-year-old giant sequoia listed as a département tree of note, and a 60-year-old Cedrus atlantica.	2.34375
75715709	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20maculata	Nymphaea maculata	Nymphaea maculata is a species of waterlily native to tropical Africa. Description Vegetative characteristics Nymphaea maculata is a submerged, perennial, aquatic herb with subglobose rhizomes, and many long, filiform roots. The petiolate, ovate-cordate floating leaves have entire margins. The abaxial leaf surface is spotted. The green abaxial leaf surface with black spotting displays prominent, dichotomous, anastomosing venation. Generative characteristics The white, or blueish-white flowers are 3-8 cm wide. The flowers have four sepals, and 5-10 petals. The androecium consists of 30 stamens. The ovary is subglobose, and has 14 stigmatic rays. The carpels have slightly incurved teeth. The multilocular, rounded fruit bears numerous small, arillate,rounded seeds. Reproduction Generative reproduction Flowering occurs from February to March. Taxonomy Publication It was first described by Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher and Peter Thonning in 1827. Etymology The specific epithet maculata means spotted. Conservation In Benin, it is regarded as vulnerable (VU). It will face changes in land use, and habitat fragmentation. Ecology Habitat It occurs in ponds, swamps, permanent spring pools, acid, shallow, oligotrophic pools, and shallow pools in marshes with very dark waters. It occurs sympatrically with Nymphaea lotus. Use The rhizome is edible, and the fruits are eaten as well. In Cameroon, Nymphaea maculata is an important melliferous plant for honey production.	2.734375
75717057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Treatment%20Plant	South Treatment Plant	The South Treatment Plant is a wastewater treatment plant in Renton, Washington owned by King County. The plant opened in 1965, and treats over of wastewater per day. It treats sewage for 650,000 people in the cities of Renton, Auburn, Bellevue, Issaquah, Kent, and Sammamish. History Before the plant was built, raw sewage flowed directly into the Puget Sound. The visibly polluted water often led to beach closures. Communities surrounding Seattle dumped wastewater into Lake Washington, contaminating it as well. In 1958, voters created the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro) to address this problem. Two treatment plants were planned, South Treatment Plant and the West Point Treatment Plant in Seattle. The plant broke ground in 1961, on land from a former golf course, and opened in 1966. The plant received $6 million worth of upgrades in 2013, alongside numerous other improvements to the local wastewater system. Operation South Treatment Plant is one of three major wastewater treatment plants in the area, alongside the West Point and Brightwater plants. It can provide primary treatment for up to , and secondary treatment for up to . The treatment process begins with filtration and primary treatment by sedimentation. Secondary treatment is accomplished by aeration tanks and clarifier tanks. The effluent is disinfected with hypochlorite. Recycled water from the plant undergoes tertiary treatment with a sand filter, while the rest of the effluent is pumped into Puget Sound through a pipe. At Duwamish Head the transfer line's effluent enters two underwater pipes that take it offshore where it is diffused through 168 ports into the water of Elliott Bay at a depth of . From the bottom of the bay, the lighter freshwater effluent further diffuses as it rises through the heavier saltwater. Solids are treated with a blend tank, dissolved air flotation tank, and anaerobic digestion. After dewatering in a centrifuge, the remaining solids are sold as Loop biosolids, which are used as fertilizer.	2.859375
75717084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign%20Extortion%20Prevention%20Act	Foreign Extortion Prevention Act	The Foreign Extortion Prevention Act (FEPA) is a United States federal law that enables US authorities to prosecute foreign officials who demand or accept bribes from a US citizen, US company, or within a US jurisdiction. FEPA was signed into law by Joe Biden on December 22, 2023, as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024. Analysts stated that FEPA addresses a longstanding gap in US anti-bribery legislation by tackling the "demand" side of bribery. At the same time, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) focuses on the "supply" side of bribery. One expert noted that FEPA is "probably the most important U.S. anti-bribery effort since the FCPA itself became law. The law amends the federal domestic bribery statute to add a new subsection punishing foreign government officials for demanding or receiving a bribe. The law is quite specific in that it is intended to be extraterritorial in nature. This means that demanding or receiving a bribe, even if done somewhere else, is now a crime punishable in the United States."	2.046875
75717086	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Henry%20Sellers	J. Henry Sellers	James Henry Sellers (1 November 1861 – 30 January 1954) was a British architect and furniture designer who worked mainly in the north of England. As an architect he is particularly known for innovative buildings in an Early Modern style using reinforced concrete and often featuring a flat roof, although he also worked in other styles. His best-known solo work is the Dronsfield Brothers office in Oldham, Lancashire (1906–8). From the early 1900s, he had a fruitful collaboration with Edgar Wood; their joint works include Dalny Veed in Barley, Hertfordshire (1907) and the Durnford Street and Elm Street Schools in Middleton, Lancashire (1908–10). After Wood left England in around 1922, Sellers returned to a neo-Georgian style, continuing to practise until 1947 or 1948. His output includes private houses, schools, banks, offices and war memorials. His furniture designs are known for their ornamentation using wood veneer and inlays. Many pieces are in the permanent collection of Manchester Art Gallery. Biography Sellers was born in 1861 at Longholme, Hall Carr, Rawtenstall in Lancashire to Naomi (née Preston) and Thomas Sellers, who worked in a cotton mill. He attended a local board school in Oldham, after the Sellers had moved to that town, and received no formal training in architecture or design. After leaving school at fourteen, he was employed by the architect Thomas Boyter in Oldham as an office boy, and later worked in practices in Liverpool, London and Birmingham, rising to assistant architect. He then joined the practice of Walter Green Penty (1852–1902) in York, where he became particularly interested in Georgian and classical styles. From around 1893 until 1899, he was employed by George Dale Oliver (1851–1928) in Carlisle (latterly within the practice of Oliver and Dodgshun); Oliver was Cumberland's county architect, and Sellers also served as the assistant county architect.	1.992188
75717171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STARCOM%20%28communications%20system%29	STARCOM (communications system)	STARCOM, or the Strategic Army Communication System, was a communications network built and operated by the United States Army Signal Corps in the 1950s and 1960s. An early large-scale automated data network, the system provided central control of defense communications and data services within the continental United States and overseas. STARCOM was amalgamated into the Defense Communications Agency (DCA) in the early 1960s. Description STARCOM operated three major nodes, with further links to radio transmitting and receiving stations overseas. West Coast Relay was situated at Davis, California, Midwest Relay at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and East Coast Relay at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The system had a capacity of 275,000 messages per day, and could handle 5,000 concurrent messages. The system used punched tape as a recording system, which was then printed to terminals for reading. East Coast Relay was the largest and last node to be completed, beginning operation in December, 1960. Uniquely, East Coast Relay was linked to its associated radio transmitter and receiver sites in Woodbridge, Virginia and La Plata, Maryland, respectively, by a tropospheric scatter system. The East Coast Relay facility cost $20 million in 1959 (equivalent to $211 million in 2023), of which slightly more than $2 million went toward buildings and site preparation.. Links West Coast Relay was primarily concerned with communications in the Pacific region, while East Coast Relay served Europe and the Caribbean. East Coast Relay was the primary control center, with redundancy built into the other two nodes. Additional secondary relay centers were established in Atlanta, New York, Chicago, Fort Sam Houston, Fort Bragg, Fort Lee, Camp Pickett, and Fort Meade. The Seattle station provided a link to the related Alaska Communications System node in Anchorage. Midwest Relay provided service within the continental United States and linked the east and west coast stations.	2.46875
75717710	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micranthocereus%20purpureus	Micranthocereus purpureus	Micranthocereus purpureus is a species of Micranthocereus found in Brazil. Description Micranthocereus purpureus typically grows unbranched with columnar shoots, reaching heights of over 3 meters and diameters up to 12 centimeters. It has 12 to 25 low, wide ribs and large, closely spaced areoles covered in white wool. The plant features 4 to 10 brown central spines up to 5 centimeters long and 15 to 20 needle-like white radial spines up to 10 millimeters long. The cephalium, up to 1 meter long and 12 centimeters wide, is composed of grayish white wool and reddish brown to black bristles up to 2 centimeters long. The flowers range from pink to white and are 4 to 5 centimeters long. The red fruits, spherical to top-shaped, grow up to 2.5 centimeters long. Distribution Micranthocereus purpureus is found in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Taxonomy It was first described as Cephalocereus purpureus by Max Gürke in 1908. The specific epithet purpureus, meaning 'purple' in Latin, refers to the flower color. Friedrich Ritter reclassified the species into the genus Micranthocereus in 1968.	2.1875
75717839	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Couple%20from%20Poitiers	The Couple from Poitiers	Les noces de Poitiers (1946), translated as The Couple from Poitiers, is a novel by Belgian writer Georges Simenon; it is one of the author's self-described roman durs or "hard novels" to distinguish it from his romans populaires or "popular novels," which are primarily mysteries that usually feature his famous Inspector Maigret character. The book is divided into eight chapters, and is written using the third person narrative mode. Les noces de Poitiers was translated into English by Eileen Ellenbogen for Hamish Hamilton in 1985. Background and composition In 1922, Georges Simenon became secretary to the writer Binet-Valmer; a frustrating experience that parallels that of the main character Gérard in the novel. It is because of this that Simenon's biographer Pierre Assouline describes The Couple from Poitiers as one of the author's most autobiographical works. Les noces de Poitiers was written during the winter of 1943-4 at Saint-Mesmin-le-Vieux in the Vendée. It was serialized in Dimacnche Paysage during October of 1945, before being published in book form by Gallimard in May 1946. Plot summary The story opens in Poitiers at the joyless and drab wedding of Gérard Auvinet and Linette Bonfils, both twenty years old. Their families are unaware that Linette is pregnant, and Gérard's mother, a destitute widow, disapproves of their union and worries that her son's already precarious financial situation will only become worse as a result. The young couple leave Poitiers for Paris to conceal Linette's pregnancy and hope to find success in the city.	2.1875
75718396	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuiltepetl	Macuiltepetl	Macuiltépec or Mackuiltépec or Macuiltépetl is the name of a volcano and ecological park, located in the center of the city of Xalapa, Mexico. Toponymy The meaning of Macuiltépetl in Nahuatl could be (the) 'fifth hill' or 'hill five', while the variant Macuiltépec (<mākwil-tēpe-k) would be 'on hill five'. On the other hand, a recent research funded by the Patronato del Parque and based on field, topographical, pictorial and iconographic studies (Aguilar-Rodríguez, S.H., 2009) He mentions that the correct name should be "The Mountain of the Five Peaks". On plans from the end of the 19th century (such as that of Manuel Rivera Cambas) it has been possible to verify that the hill had five promontories that stood out from some point on the horizon. Currently, due to erosion and various causes, only two of the 5 peaks mentioned above are perceived. Geography Macuiltépec is a small monogenetic volcano with a conical shape and a steep slope (15 to 20 degrees). Its origin dates back to the Late Pleistocene, up to 30,000 years before the present, and the Holocene. The volcanic cone is covered by andesitic or basaltic scoriaceous material, sometimes covered by volcanic ash. Extension: the extension exclusively of the Macuiltépec Ecological Park (PEM) 31 ha Altitude: 1500 m.s.n.m. (base of park) to 1600 m.s.n.m. (pyramid mausoleum) Geographic Location: Climate It is considered as (A) C (fm) Semi-warm-humid: average annual temperature between 18 °C and 29 °C and that of the coldest month less than 5 °C. Rainfall is abundant throughout the year, with the driest month having a rainfall greater than 40mm. It is located in the middle and northern portion of the municipality of Xalapa. This type of climate covers an area of 78 km2 (25%). The extreme maximum temperature is between 10 and 20 days, the number of frost days from 1 to 10 days and the number of days with hail from 0 to 1 day, the number of cloudy days between 100 and 150 days, the number of clear days is less than 100 days.	2.859375
71410466	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography%20of%20Oromia	Geography of Oromia	Geography of Oromia Region, the largest regional state of Ethiopia, is highly diverse. Occupying 353,690 square kilometers, it is bordered by Somalia, to the east, Afar Region to the north, Djibouti to north-east, Kenya, to the south, Amhara Region to the north, Benishangul-Gumuz to the north-west, Sudan to the north-west, Gambela to the west, and South Sudan to the west. The region is situated between 2° and 12°N, 34° and 44°E with varied landscape ranging from rugged mountain ranges in the center and the north, to flat grassland to the south-east. Oromia has varied climate grouped into three categories: dry climate, tropical rainy climate and temperate rainy climate. with the mean annual rainfall of 410-820 mm with noticeable variability from year to year. The region has enormous lakes and rivers: the Awash River is the largest responsible for source of electric power. Lakes including Bishoftu, Kuriftu and Ziway is the basis for agro-industrial and fishery production. National parks include Awash and Bale Mountains National Park have more than 100 wild animals and about 800 bird species. Geographical features Landform Occupying Oromia Region is bordered by Somalia, to the east, Afar Region to the north, Djibouti to north-east, Kenya, to the south, Amhara Region to the north, Benishangul-Gumuz to the north-west, Sudan to the north-west, Gambela to the west, and South Sudan to the west. It is located between 2° and 12°N, 34° and 44°E and the landscape varied from rugged mountain ranges in the center and the north, to flat grassland to the south-east. Its territories integrated by Western Welega to the eastern parts of eastern Hararghe from 34°E latitude to 43°E and it's southnorth expanse runs from 4 2/3° N to 10 2/3°N latitude. Thus, Oromia is the largest regional state by area.	2.890625
71410656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%20Ambika%20Mandir%2C%20Musen%20Mata	Ma Ambika Mandir, Musen Mata	Ma Ambika Mandir (locally also known as Mata Ji Mandir or Musen Ki Mata Ji) is a Hindu temple located in the village of Musen Mata, about 50 km south of Baran in the state of Rajasthan, India. Ma Ambika, a form of Goddess Durga, is the presiding deity of the temple. Ma Ambika Mandir is situated on the banks of Bhupasi River. This temple is situated in the middle of a forest. It is forbidden to encroach on this forest. Even wood cannot be cut in this forest. The temple is known for its beautiful architecture and serene surroundings. Overview The temple of Ma Ambika Mandir is very famous in southeast part of Rajasthan. It is believed that a person who is suffering from diseases get relief by visiting Ambika Mata. Monday is the busiest day in the temple because Monday is the day of Ma Ambika. Large numbers of devotees visit every Monday. Mass feasts are often organized here by the devotees. People of all age groups come to the court of Mother Ambika to make their wish. Here the mother seeks the blessings of a government job for her sons. Aarti is held here every morning and evening. There is a pool here and a tube well for bathing. Shops are set up here for worship material. A lovely river is flowing nearby. Devotees believe that praying at the Ma Ambika Temple can bring them good fortune, health, and happiness. The temple is also known for its scenic beauty, and many visitors come to enjoy the stunning views of the surrounding countryside. Ma Ambika Temple is an important religious and cultural landmark in Rajasthan, and a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Hinduism and spirituality.	2.203125
71410718	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain%20Miller%20%28film%29	Captain Miller (film)	Meanwhile, the British government learns about a precious gemstone, which is 600 years old, from King Rajadhipathi and seizes it with the discreet help of Kanagasabai, Rajadhipathi's minister, who reveals the location of the gemstone under the temple's deity, Shiva. However, Rajadhipathi wants the gemstone for himself and gets Eesa to retrieve it, without revealing anything about it. He also asks his son, Prince Jayavardhan, to look over the entire operation and kill him and his revolutionary group, after they successfully retrieve it. Eesa successfully retrieves it from the Britishers and kills Riley, who was also involved in stealing the gemstone and responsible for the massacre that Eesa was part of during his time in the army. However, Eesa takes the gemstone and absconds to Ceylon as he realises Rajadhipathi's plan. The Britishers torture and kill some of the villagers to reveal his whereabouts, under General Andrew Wandy's orders. The following morning, he returns to the village with the gemstone and attacks and kills the British soldiers torturing and killing the villagers, while chasing away Wandy and his men. The Indian soldiers drop everything and surrender to Eesa. They state that Wandy will return with an army of 700 soldiers, from Veeravanallur. Velmathi and the others safeguard the villagers and kill Rajadhipathi, while Eesa kills Jayavardhan. The villagers finally enter the temple, as they were forbidden by Rajadhipathi's family for 600 years. Eesa and the revolutionaries attack the army, and are later assisted by Rafiq and Sengolan, who is actually revealed to be still alive and part of another revolutionary group in the Andaman. Eesa and the revolutionaries, along with Rafiq and Sengolan, defeat the British army and safeguard the village. The gemstone is instilled back in the temple and the British empire issues a heavy bounty on Eesa, Rafiq, Sengolan and the other revolutionaries.	1.945313
71410792	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma%20Rattenbury	Alma Rattenbury	Alma Victoria Rattenbury ( Wolfe, also Clarke, Radclyffe Dolling and Pakenham; 1897/81935) was an English-Canadian songwriter and accused murderer. Born and educated in Canada, she was a talented musician and played with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. She married for the first time to Caledon Robert John Radclyffe Dolling in 1914, a relative of the Earl of Caledon. With the outbreak of the First World War, her husband joined up. He was initially stationed in Prince Rupert, where she involved herself in entertaining the troops. In August 1915, they moved to England and her husband was posted to France in October 1915. She worked at the War Office. Her husband was awarded the Military Cross for bravery before being killed in action during the First Battle of the Somme. Following her husband's death, she volunteered with the Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service, and served with distinction in France. Having been wounded twice, she was awarded the French Croix de Guerre for her war service. In 1918, she began a relationship with the then-married Compton Packenham. He divorced his wife in 1920, and the couple emigrated to the United States. He was employed as a lecturer, wrongly claiming to hold a doctorate, and she worked as a piano teacher. They married in 1921 and had a son. However, the relationship failed, and she took her son and returned to her native Canada in 1922; they formally divorced in 1925. She continued to give music lessons, and also composed song music with the pen name .	2.03125
71411197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry%20Row	Curry Row	"Curry Row," or "Little India," and sometimes called Curry Lane, is an area of East Sixth Street, from First Avenue to Second Avenue, in the East Village of Lower Manhattan, with approximately 20 South Asian restaurants. Curry Row started in 1968 when six brothers, all from Bangladesh, bought a former Japanese restaurant for $1,800; the owner of the property accepted that price instead of the initial $2,000 because the brothers could only pay $1,600. The brothers established the restaurant Shah Bag because of existing demand and because the area South Asians wanted a place where they could eat familiar cuisine. One of the brothers, Manir Ahmed, immigrated to the United States in 1954. Andrew Jacobs of The New York Times stated that "Manir Ahmed was the one name that was invariably stuffed in the pockets of new arrivals" and that the brothers "are revered as patriarchs in the Bangladeshi community". Most of the restaurateurs that came to the area were from Sylhet Division. The restaurants, many named after films or people or characters seen in films, were popular with hippies in the 1970s who expressed an interest in South Asian culture. Many of the cooks served northern Indian cuisine even though their native Bangladeshi cuisine was significantly different. Olid Ahmed, the nephew of the first restaurateurs in Curry Row, stated that he got assistance from the chef of the Embassy of Pakistan. By the 1980s the restaurants became financially lucrative, and changes in immigration law meant there were more immigrants from Bangladesh. In 1984 there were about 10 South Asian restaurants. In the following decade that number was 27. By 1996, The New York Times reported that several of the restaurants experienced financial issues as Indian restaurants opened in other parts of the New York metropolitan area. With increased competition, the newspaper reported that a "price war" resulted in relationships between people being damaged. In 2008 there were around twelve South Asian restaurants in the area.	2.234375
71411224	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census%20of%20Sri%20Lanka	Census of Sri Lanka	The Census of Sri Lanka is a census held by the Department of Census and Statistics of the Government of Sri Lanka, traditionally taking place every 10 years. The first census of Sri Lanka was taken in 1871, making it the first country in South Asia to conduct a census. The most recent census took place in 2023, that followed the census in 2012, the first complete census in the country since 1981 due to disruptions from the Sri Lankan Civil War. History The first census in Sri Lanka was held on 27 March 1871 and conducted by the Registrar General's Office, making it the first of any country in South Asia. It was conducted from then on every ten years. The Census Department was created on 1 December 1944 for taking the Census of 1946, which was postponed from 1941 due to World War II. The Soulbury Constitution of 1947 combined the Department with the Statistics Department to create the Department of Census and Statistics. The 1951 census was postponed to 1953 due to a shortage of paper, and the following was also postponed to 1963. The 1991 census was not held due to the Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009), with areas in the Northern and Eastern Provinces controlled by the Tamil militant LTTE. The subsequent 2001 census covered 94% of the country, with no coverage in the Jaffna, Kilinochchi, and Mullaitivu Districts, and only partial coverage in the Vavuniya, Mannar, Batticaloa, and Trincomalee Districts. The following census was held in 2012. The 2021 census was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and was started on 1 November 2023 to be completed on 31 January 2024.	2.90625
71411314	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidiiltoo	Yidiiltoo	Yidiiltoo or Yidįįłtoo are the traditional face tattoos of Hän Gwich’in women, who are indigenous to Alaska and Canada. History The practice dates back at least 10,000 years. Traditionally Hän Gwich’in girls receive their first tattoos between the ages of 12 and 14, often at first menstruation, as a passage ritual. European and British missionaries of the 1800s and 1900s banned the traditional practice, along with other cultural traditions. Starting in the 2010s, some indigenous girls and women began to reclaim the tradition. Description Typical markings include vertical lines from the lower lip that extend to beneath the chin. According to tattoo anthropologist Lars Krutak, the width of the lines and the spacing between them were traditionally associated with each of the nine groups of Hän Gwich’in. Girls would be tattooed to identify their group. Other markings may be created on the temple or cheeks. Method of application The traditional method is a stick-and-poke using needles made from bird bones. Some modern practitioners use tattoo needles. Notable wearers Quannah Chasinghorse, an American model of Hän Gwich’in and Sicangu Oglala Lakota heritage, received her first Yidįįłtoo at age 14. It was applied by her mother, Jody Potts-Joseph. She is a land activist and dogsled racer. Appropriation Some non-indigenous people wear temporary markings, makeup or jewelry that mimics the traditional Yidįįłtoo. Angelina Jolie was criticized for wearing facial jewelry that mimicked Yidįįłtoo.	2.953125
71411668	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet%20Hendry	Janet Hendry	In 1928 Hendry was one of only 9 women in Great Britain that year who gained the Aviator’s Certificate of the Royal Aero Club. Hendry was based at Renfrew Aerodrome and trained under the supervision of First World War hero Captain John Houston MC, chief instructor of the Scottish Flying Club. She received licence number 8473, flying a De Havilland DH.60 Moth, on 3 December 1928, becoming Scotland’s first woman pilot. This was shortly before Amy Johnson received her licence the following year. The report from the Scottish Flying Club for the week ending 9 December 1928 in Flight magazine described this event thus: ‘Practically nothing of interest, either with regard to flying or general matters, falls to be recorded this week. Weather conditions have been a peculiar mixture of blue skies, gales and minor snowstorms, yet, withal, our total flying time for the week is quite satisfactory. On Monday Miss J. Hendry completed her “A” Licence tests most satisfactorily, and we look forward to congratulating her as the first lady holder of an “A” Licence in Scotland.’. Hendry’s experience was with open cockpit flying which differed markedly from today's commercial flights, with navigation done largely through the recognition of local landmarks. Indeed, Hendry would tell of occasions when unsure of her way, she had to fly low enough to read train station signs in order to get her bearings. In poor weather, low cloud often left her following roads and railway tracks at altitudes now unthinkable simply to get her back to the airstrip. Hendry's flying came to an abrupt end in 1932 at the request of her father, following the death of her brother Johnny in a car crash. Having lost one child, Hendry's father was not willing to risk another, and he asked her to stop flying, which she did. As a result, she relinquished her membership of the Scottish Flying Club.	2.3125
71412975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Data%20Privacy%20and%20Protection%20Act	American Data Privacy and Protection Act	There is no federal law governing online privacy in the United States. In July 2022, the American Data Privacy and Protection Act (ADPPA) became the first federal online privacy bill to pass committee, the House Energy and Commerce Committee, and did so with near unanimity. Sponsored by the committee chair Frank Pallone, the bicameral bill had bipartisan support and had included bipartisan concessions that had restricted prior attempts at a bipartisan privacy bill. The bill was additionally led by House Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers and, in the other legislative chamber, Senator Roger Wicker. While Consumer Reports and the Electronic Privacy Information Center both showed optimism towards the bill, several Democratic senators opposed the bill because it might nullify stronger protection from several state laws. Though the bill had bipartisan support as it advanced to the House floor, it faced opposition from California lawmakers, the chair of the Senate Commerce Committee Maria Cantwell, and big tech companies. As the chair of the Senate committee responsible for data privacy, Maria Cantwell was the gatekeeper for any such bill to reach the senate floor. Cantwell, who had her own online privacy bill in draft, had similarly declined another bipartisan online privacy bill proposed by Senators Richard Blumenthal and Marsha Blackburn earlier in the year. Her primary concern for ADPPA was its enforcement provisions. Cantwell's own draft bill had been grappling with a provision that would restrict consumers from creating class-action lawsuits against companies that had harmed them. The 2022 overruling of Roe v. Wade led to increased interest in a federal privacy bill, with concern over how unmitigated tracking by data brokers and app developers, such as user visits to abortion clinics or period app usage, could be used to target users in states where abortion is criminalized. ADPPA would have protected health privacy and not directly address Roe.	1.929688
71413604	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SangYup%20Lee	SangYup Lee	SangYup Lee (; sometimes styled as Sang-yup, Sangyup, or Sang Yup; born 22 November 1969) is a South Korean automobile designer employed by Hyundai Motor Company as its Vice President of Design since June 2016. Prior to Hyundai, Lee worked for General Motors (2000–09) and Volkswagen AG (2010–16), where his notable designs included the Chevrolet Camaro (2010), Bentley Continental GT, and Bentley Flying Spur. Early life and education SangYup Lee was born on 22 November 1969, in Seoul, South Korea. He attended an art cram school starting at the age of 12 and graduated from Hongik University with a degree in fine arts (sculpture). He came to the United States in 1995 to study automotive design at the ArtCenter College of Design in Pasadena, California. That choice was inspired by the Korean manhwa and 1995 drama Asphalt Man, starring Lee Byung-hun as an automobile designer, as well as a chance encounter with a Porsche in Itaewon. Career While he was studying at the ArtCenter College of Design, Lee participated in internships at Pininfarina and Porsche AG. After his graduation in 1999, Lee was hired by General Motors to lead the design for the next-generation Corvette. In addition to the fifth-generation Camaro, Lee was responsible for the design of the Cadillac Sixteen (2003), Buick Velite (2004), and Stingray Corvette (2009) concepts, the latter of which was featured as the character "Sideswipe" in the film Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. While at GM, the peripatetic Lee lived in Detroit, Japan, Italy, and Australia while developing various designs, including projects with Gruppo Bertone and Holden.	1.90625
71413848	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda%20Ann%20Thomas%20Wall	Amanda Ann Thomas Wall	As OSB received his law degree and was appointed the first Black Justice of the Peace, Wall and their family became leading "aristocrats of color." They built a house on Howard Hill where they hosted dinner parties for luminaries such as George Washington Williams, Susan B. Anthony, and Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Douglass. In 1869, Wall joined the women's suffrage movement and attempted to register to vote. She marched in demonstrations from at least 1871 to 1874, including some that featured Frederick Douglass. In 1874, she joined Susan B. Anthony and other women who "placed on record" their support for woman suffrage. OSB was nearly killed in an assault in 1871, and the family maintained their high status in social and civic life. They featured prominently in Empanciation Day ceremonies, and joined charitable efforts with other notable women of color. In later years, OSB faced charges of corruption and their star dimmed. At the end of their lives, the Walls struggled financially. OSB died in 1891 following a stroke. Wall died in DC in November 1902. The couple are buried together at Arlington Cemetery. After Wall's death, the couple's children crossed the color line to live as white.	2.15625
71414081	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usina%20del%20Arte	Usina del Arte	The Usina del Arte (lit. "The Arts Powerhouse") is a cultural centre and auditorium located on the former Don Pedro de Mendoza Power Plant ("Usina" in Spanish) at La Boca neighborhood, Buenos Aires. It was built between 1912 and 1916 for the Italo-Argentina Electricity Company (Compañía Italo-Argentina de Electricidad, CIAE) in Florentine Renacentist style In 2011 it was inaugurated as a cultural centre holding a state of the art Symphonic Auditorium as well as other concert and exhibition halls. History The building was designed by the Italian architect Juan Chiogna to house a super-power plant of the Italo-Argentine Electricity Company (Compañía Italo-Argentina de Electricidad, CIAE) and built by the company Martignone and Sons between 1912 and 1916, when it was inaugurated. Between 1919 and 1921, the complex was expanded with new facilities to supply the growing demand of Buenos Aires. For the next 80 years it worked providing electricity to the city, until the service was nationalized in the 1990s. The building was later abandoned by the state company and fell into disrepair.	1.976563
71414263	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maids%20%28comics%29	Maids (comics)	Maids is a 2020 graphic novel by Katie Skelly. It is about Christine and Léa Papin's 1933 murder of Genevieve and Léonie Lancelin, it was published by Fantagraphics. Synopsis The graphic novel opens with Léa's arrival at the Lancelin household, where she had been hired as a maid. Her sister, Christine, already worked there. She soon finds that Christine has been stealing small things from their employer, but this is quickly overshadowed by the long hours and physical abuse the siblings are subject to. After Léa has a mental breakdown, the two young women gouge out the eyes of and murder Léonie Lancelin and her daughter Genevieve. Critical reception Library Journal wrote that Skelly skillfully showed the close, complicated connection between the siblings in a sympathetic way. Publishers Weekly's review focused on the melding of femininity and horror within the book's art style, but noted the undercurrent of class and gender analysis within the story. NPR also noted the themes around power, gender, and sexuality.	1.90625
71414504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Van%20Buren%20Wicoff%20House	John Van Buren Wicoff House	The John Van Buren Wicoff House is a historic building located at 641 Plainsboro Road in the township of Plainsboro in Middlesex County, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 1979, for its significance in politics/government from 1907 to 1947. It is currently a historic house museum, known as the Historic Wicoff House Museum. History and description In 1872, Catharine Lucretia Britton acquired here following her father's death. On February 3, 1875, she married John Wicoff and moved here. The house likely dates to this time. On June 8, 1878, their only child, John Van Buren (J.V.B.) Wicoff was born. He graduated from Princeton University in 1900 and became a locally prominent attorney, politician, banker, and farmer. He lived in the house until his death in 1952. It was purchased by Township of Plainsboro in 1977 for use as a municipal center. Starting in 1995, the Plainsboro Historical Society operated a museum in the house. The house is a two story frame building featuring Italianate style. Elements of Classical Revival style were added in 1929 when the house was expanded and altered.	2.203125
71414981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGSF6	IGSF6	IGSF6 is highly expressed in white blood cells and secondary lymphoid organs including the lymph nodes and spleen. The mRNA abundance across 20 human tissues is low. The micro-array assessed tissue expression patterns showed high expression in ganglia, monocytes, and myeloid tissue. In situ hybridization showed that the regulation of IGSF6 was low and ubiquitously expressed in the mouse brain. Proteins are localized in the human testis and thyroid. Promotor and Transcription Factors The promotor region and transcription factors are shown in the promotor diagram. The transcription factors shown were highly conserved in animal orthologs of IGSF6. Protein Level Regulation The IGSF6 protein is predicted to be in the plasma membrane. IGSF6 has a signal peptide from amino acids 17 to 32. IGSF6 has post-translational modifications including phosphorylation sites and lysine acetylation sites. The phosphorylation sites at amino acid positions 3, 5, 91, 193, 198, 222, and 236, and these sites are important in enzymatic function. The lysine acetylation sites are at amino acids 187, 195, 196, 213, and 224, and they are important in gene expression, protein–protein interactions, and protein processing and degradation. IGSF6 has a SUMOylation site at amino acid 190. Homology and Evolution Paralogs The only paralog of IGSF6 is T cell receptor beta variable 28 (TCRBV28). Birds are the most distant organism that TRBV28 is found in, so the gene duplication to create the paralog occurred about 320 million years ago. TRBV28 is a quickly evolving gene, as it evolves similarly to fibrinogen alpha. Orthologs	2.046875
71415068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron%20and%20Adam%20Weis	Aaron and Adam Weis	They graduated in 1999 as co-valedictorians from Clairemont High School, subsequently from University of California, Santa Barbara and obtained their teaching credentials. Now they both work as teachers in San Francisco Bay Area. Aaron teaches sixth grade math and science at Rooftop Alternative School in San Francisco, Adam teaches fifth grade at Berkeley Arts Magnet school (since 2008). As of 2018, Adam received a Classroom Grant from the Berkeley Public Schools Fund each year for the annual outdoor education trip, introduced to the school by him. Both brothers have been awarded the title of Bay Area Teacher of the Month by the non-profit organization 826 Valencia, Aaron in September 2014 and Adam in May 2015. In May 2018, Aaron was named a San Francisco's 2017-18 Teacher of the Year honoree by mayor Mark Farrell. Reprise of their role Several years after the release of Top Gun, the names of the Weis twins became publicly known. In 2011, a CNN iReport featured an interview with their mother Martha, including many photos from the set. In 2018, news outlets reported that the Top Gun sequel in production would feature the character Bradley Bradshaw in a major role, played by Miles Teller, bringing the Weis twins to public awareness again. The twins were not asked to return into their role as Paramount auditioned professional actors only. Asked on their opinion of the casting, Adam wondered whether Teller (born 1987) may be a bit too young for the role, but neither brother wanted to make a judgement before seeing the film.	1.921875
71415330	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Stadium%20%28Memphis%29	Martin Stadium (Memphis)	Martin Stadium, originally known as Lewis Park, was a baseball park in Memphis, Tennessee, which served as the home stadium of the Memphis Red Sox, a Negro league baseball team, in the 1920s through 1959. The park was built in 1923 by the team owner, local businessman Robert S. Lewis. The Red Sox were one of only a few teams in the Negro leagues to have owned their own stadium, allowing them scheduling flexibility not widely enjoyed by their peers and removing the cost of gate fees on leased facilities. The ballpark was included in the 1927 sale of the baseball team from Lewis to the Martin brothers, including W.S. Martin and J.B. Martin, resulting in the name being changed to reference the new owners. The facility was enlarged, and the stadium was built in 1947 at a cost of US$200,000. After spending decades more acting as the home of the Red Sox and as a space for community events, the Martin brothers sold the stadium in 1960 after disbanding the baseball team, whereupon it was demolished the next year. The site is now home to a semi-truck dealer and has an historical marker.	2.078125
71415712	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%206	Job 6	The Dialogue section is composed in the format of poetry with distinctive syntax and grammar. Chapters 6 and 7 record Job's response after the first speech of Eliphaz (in chapters 4 and 5), which can be divided into two main sections: Job 6: Job answers Eliphaz's misdirected words. Job 7: Job addresses God. The pattern of first speaking to the friends and then turning to God is typical of Job throughout the dialogue. In chapter 6, the introduction (verse 1) and a sketch or outline of Job's s complaint (verses 2–7) is followed by Job's Request (verses 8-13) and his rebuke of the friends' failure to care for him (verses 14–23), then concluded with a challenge addressed to the friends (verses 24–30). The main purpose of chapter 6 is "to point out that the friend's explanation of Job's current plight in the light of tradition is insensitive and amounts to deception'. Job's outline of complaints and requests (6:1–13) Job's response (from the verb in verse 1) might not necessarily answer every matter raised by Eliphaz. First, Job requests that his 'angst and suffering' be taken seriously, that is, both be properly weighed (an intensive expression) together to demonstrate its excessiveness against what is right (verses 2–3); fitting with the call for vindication in verse 29). Secondly, with the metaphors of arrows aiming to him and the description of donkeys and oxen to be fed (verses 4–6), Job believes that God is in total control, even as Job is still crying out for answer. Lastly, Job seems to view Eliphaz's words bland, tasteless, and missed the point of Job's anguish, like "tasteless food without salt" (verse 7). In verses 8–13 Job states to his friends that he longs for God to finish his life, but in his petition he keeps his faith that God is the one in control; Job does not reduce the size of God's power nor deny God and His words.	2.5
71415712	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%206	Job 6	Job rebukes and challenges his friends (6:14–30) In this section Job criticizes his friends whom he hopes to get support from but they failed to do so. Job alludes to Eliphaz's words to let the fear of God be Job's ground of confidence (Job 4:6) and turns in around by saying that Eliphaz's speech is actually abandoning the fear of God. In verse 21, Job addresses all friends (using the plural word for "you", although until now only Eliphaz has spoken) that they have seen his situation and are afraid – perhaps afraid that it might also happen to them or that it would challenge their core belief in retribution. Therefore, Job challenges them to teach or correct him, if they can, by giving him explanation, not condemnation (verses 24–30). Job maintains to be a person of integrity and asks his friends twice to "turn" ("repent" or "change in direction") or reconsider their thought process. Verse 30 contains two rhetorical questions that answer "no" to the issue raised by the Adversary in Job 1:9 whether Job would fear God for nothing or Job's faith is based on self-interest. Verse 30 [Job said:] "Is there iniquity in my tongue? cannot my taste discern perverse things?" "Iniquity": translated from the Hebrew word , ʿavlah, which is repeated from the last verse; used here to be a fitting transition to chapter 7 as Job cries again in despair for his cruel fate despite his innocence. "Taste": or literally in Hebrew, "palate", not so much for the organ of speech (by metonymy), but more of discernment – to indicate what one thinks. "Perverse things": translated from the Hebrew word , havvot, which can be rendered as "calamities", but can also be understood in the parallelism to “wickedness” of words	2.59375
71415714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%2013	Job 13	The Dialogue section is composed in the format of poetry with distinctive syntax and grammar. Chapters 12 to 14 contain Job's closing speech of the first round, where he directly addresses his friends (12:2–3; 13:2, 4–12). Job addresses his friends (13:1–19) Verse 1 opens with Job summing up his speech in chapter 12 before he addresses his friends in verses 2–12, contrasting Job's stance ("but I", verse 3) and his friends' ("but you", verse 4). Job calls for silence from his friends (verse 5, 13) as he wants to 'boldly pursue truth as he comes before God'. Although Job was afraid to approach God (verses 13b-14, also verse 21), he would press for litigation, knowing the risk and yet the hope for vindication (as in chapter 14). Verse 15 [Job said:] "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him, but I will defend my own ways before Him." "In Him": from the Hebrew written text (kethib or ketiv) , loʾ (could be rendered as "not"), but here is read (Qere) as , "to him"). The RSV renders as: "Behold, he will slay me, I have no hope", whereas the NIV renders as "though he slay me, yet will I hope in him". Job addresses God (13:20–28) At verse 20, Job switches his address to God who can give and withhold a solution to his problems. Verses 20–27 can be classified as a lament, outlining what Job wants God to address the number of his sins to warrant the extent of punishments he has received. The closing remark is an imagery about a person without dignity, rotting away or destroyed by moths. Verse 26 [Job said:] "For You write bitter things against me and make me inherit the iniquities of my youth." Job acknowledges that he committed sins in his youth (or 'youthful years'; cf. Psalm 25:7), but he had doubtless confessed them before and now wonders if his suffering is the long-delayed punishment for those past sins, which God has recorded and remembered. In Job 31:35, Job will use the same metaphor that he writes and signs his confession and places his case in God's hands.	2.21875
71416157	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Dell%20%28engineer%29	Robert Dell (engineer)	Robert Dell ( ; 1950) is an American geothermal engineer and sculptor, renewable energy expert, and was a mechanical engineering professor at The Cooper Union. He is first inventor on eleven registered patents and is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. In 2023 he was awarded the Cobb Partnership Award; The award is presented on average bi-annually to an American who has demonstrated a long commitment to fostering U.S. relations with Iceland and to the building of bridges between the two countries. He is first author on over 30 international, peer-reviewed engineering research papers. Recognized as a progenitor of sustainable art, his work incorporates art and engineering, using geothermal energy to power lasers, LEDs and create color changes in liquid crystals in his large scale stainless steel, bronze, aluminum and copper sculptures. He was a MacDowell Colony Fellow in 1980, a Fulbright Research Fellow in 1988, a Research Fellow at the Center for Advanced Visual Studies at MIT from 1993-1997, an American Scandinavian Foundation Fellow, and an Honorary Research Associate at the New York Botanical Garden from 2007-2008. In 2021, he was named an American Society of Mechanical Engineers Fellow. He is the subject of a documentary film, Environmental Alchemy, by Gary Donatelli. Robert Dell's papers are permanently housed in the Archives of American Art at the Smithsonian and the MIT Program in Art, Culture and Technology Archives and Special Collections. Personal life Robert Dell was born in 1950 in Nyack, New York. He is married to artist Siena Gillanne Porta. He has three children, Robert, Terrance, and Malcom, and a granddaughter. Education Receiving a Bachelors in Education from SUNY Oneonta in 1972, Dell then attended SUNY New Paltz, where he retrained himself as a sculptor, graduated with an MFA in Sculpture in 1975, and was befriended by the sculptor William King.	2.15625
71416157	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Dell%20%28engineer%29	Robert Dell (engineer)	Geothermal Sculpture Dell’s geothermal sculptures have an audible hot-water circulation system that emits heat and creates light in what he calls a “slow, rhythmic ‘turtle-time’ cadence.” Using a Peltier system he directly generates electricity from the temperature difference between the geothermal heat source and ambient air. Geothermal hot water flows through pipes in the sculptures giving them what Dell calls “an almost mammalian circulation system using geothermal energy as its lifeblood.” This causes liquid crystal areas to change colors so that you can literally “see the colors of the wind.” As a Research Fellow at the Center for Advanced Visual Studies at MIT, Dell developed a “geothermal simulator,” a self-contained, hot-water circulation system with adjustable temperature that uses household current, allowing him to display his pieces in locations that do not have naturally occurring geothermal sources. Critical Reception Dell's pieces were met with varied response. While D. Dominick Lombari called his work with geothermal simulators "brilliant" despite the pieces being exhibited indoors at the Blue Hill Cultural center which he likened to "riding a bicycle indoors.", his work displayed the same year at the Firehouse Gallery was called "quite unusual, possibly unprecedented" describing the same simulators as "glorified radiators" that "intrude detrimentally" in his sculptures. Exhibitions Robert Dell’s geothermal sculpture was first installed in 1988 at Seltun hotsprings in Iceland as part of his Fulbright Grant. The next geothermal installations were at Yellowstone National Park’s Grotto, Castle and Old Faithful Geyser Groups in 1996, and at the Great Geysir in Iceland in 1999 when he was an American Scandinavian Fellow to Iceland. His work Hitavaettur Thermal Guardian is on permanent display at the Perlan in Reykjavík, Iceland where it is powered by the municipal geothermal hot water that heats the city.	2.8125
71416196	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Wu%20%28Jurassic%20Park%29	Henry Wu (Jurassic Park)	Several dinosaurs eventually break out of their enclosures due to the actions of Dennis Nedry, a disgruntled park employee who temporarily shuts down security features in order to steal dinosaur embryos. Wu is killed during a Velociraptor assault on the park's hotel, when a raptor jumps onto him from the roof and guts him. Wu's intestines are consumed by the raptor as he struggles, and fails, to fight it off. Wu is mentioned indirectly in Michael Crichton's sequel novel, The Lost World, when Malcolm discovers old InGen documents addressed to "H. Wu" and a picture of a "bespectacled Chinese man in a white lab coat", both found on Isla Sorna. Films Jurassic Park Wu has a greatly reduced role in the first film, appearing in only one scene at the park's laboratory. As in the novel, he answers some questions from Grant, Sattler and Malcolm about the dinosaurs. Prior to that point, much of the dinosaur cloning process is already explained by a new character, Mr. DNA. After the laboratory discussion, Wu is not seen again and his whereabouts are not specified. Jurassic World Set 22 years after the events of the first film, Jurassic World features an operational dinosaur theme park on Isla Nublar, with Wu again working as lead geneticist. Prior to the events of the film, Wu was tasked by Jurassic World owner Simon Masrani with creating a new attraction to boost park attendance. He creates a genetically modified hybrid dinosaur, Indominus rex, by using the genome of a Tyrannosaurus rex as a template and combining it with genetics of a Velociraptor and other animals.	2.1875
71416337	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreiomyces	Andreiomyces	Andreiomyces is the sole genus in Andreiomycetaceae, a family in the order Arthoniales. Andreiomyces contains two lichen-forming fungi, both of which were previously classified in the genus Lepraria. Taxonomy The genus and family were circumscribed in 2013 by lichenologists Brendan Hodkinson and James Lendemer following a molecular phylogenetic study of these and similar lichens. This analysis showed that two leprose lichens had been mistakenly classified in genus Lepraria because of their morphological similarity with members of this genus, but actually belonged to a new genus and family, in a different order. In this phylogenetic analysis, family Andreiomycetaceae has a sister taxon relationship with Chrysothricaceae. The generic name honours Dr. Andrei "Andy" Moroz, spouse of the second author. Description Unlike all other members of the Arthoniales, Andreiomyces has a coccoid photobiont, a thallus that is persistently sterile, and it makes obtusatic acid, a lichen product. Andreiomyces obtusaticus additionally produces isousnic acid and an anthraquinone pigment. Species Andreiomyces morozianus – Appalachian Mountains, United States Andreiomyces obtusaticus – Europe	2.234375
71416374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil%20Babikir	Adil Babikir	Adil Babikir () is a Sudanese literary critic and translator into and out of English and Arabic. He has translated several novels, short stories and poems by renowned Sudanese writers and edited the anthology Modern Sudanese Poetry. He lives and works in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Biography Babikir graduated from the Faculty of Arts, University of Khartoum, and also holds an M.A. in Translation from the Faculty of Languages, Sudan University of Science and Technology. Babikir was employed by the state-run Sudan News Agency (SUNA), in its English news desk. Later, he moved to Saudi Arabia and worked for several companies in business and general translation. Next, he joined the US Embassy in Riyadh as information officer for more than ten years. He then moved to the United Arab Emirates, working in translation and business promotion for several companies. Babikir's translations to English have appeared in Africa World Press, Banipal, Al-Dawha Magazine, and others. His published translations include The Jungo: Stakes of the Earth and The Messiah of Darfur, excerpted in the Los Angeles Review of Books, by Abdel Aziz Baraka Sakin, and Mansi: A Rare Man on his Own Way by Sudanese writer Tayeb Salih. For the latter, he received the 2020 Sheikh Hamad Translation Award. Further, Babikir also translated Summer Maize (2017), a collection of short stories by Sudanese-British writer Leila Aboulela, from English to Arabic.	1.945313
71416374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil%20Babikir	Adil Babikir	Babikir is the editor and translator of the anthology Modern Sudanese Poetry, published in 2019. Further, he translated the texts of Literary Sudans: An anthology of literature from Sudan and South Sudan. His study The Beauty Hunters: Sudanese Bedouin Poetry, Evolution and Impact, described as a complement to works on Sudan’s diverse cultural identity, was published in 2023 by University of Nebraska Press. On this occasion, the literary magazine ArabLit published part of the book's first chapter, with excerpts about Sudanese writer Al-Ḥārdallo’s life and poems. The Beauty Hunters was selected by Brittle paper literary magazine as one of the 100 Notable African Books of 2023. Among his works of literary criticism, Babikir published an essay in 2013, two years after the independence of South Sudan, about South Sudanese writer Mongo Zambeiri writing on the conflict between politics and culture. In 2021, Babikir received the Africa Institute's Global Africa Translation Fellowship. Further, he has contributed several translations to literary magazines, such as Banipal and ArabLit & ArabLit Quarterly.	2.046875
71417000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abir%20Mukherjee	Abir Mukherjee	Abir Mukherjee (born circa 1974) is a British-Indian author best known for his crime novels. He wrote the Wyndham and Banerjee series set in the British Raj era in India. Personal life Mukherjee's parents moved from Calcutta, India to the United Kingdom before he was born. He grew up in Scotland and now lives in Surrey, England with his wife (Sonal) and two sons. Career Before beginning his writing career, Mukherjee was an accountant for 20 years. In 2013, at age 39, Mukherjee learned that Lee Child did not begin writing until age 40 and was inspired to begin writing himself. He began writing A Rising Man in September of that year, partly inspired by the Telegraph'''s Harvill Secker Crime Writing Competition, which he won the following year. The novel was ultimately published in 2016. Mukherjee's Wyndham & Bannerjee series is based in Raj-era India. The main protagonists are Calcutta policemen Captain Sam Wyndham and Sergeant Surendranath "Surrender-not" Bannerjee. Mukherjee has stated that this era of colonization in India intrigues him because he did not learn about it in British schooling, and the stories his parents shared about India differed significantly from what he learned in the classroom. Awards Publications Wyndham and Banerjee series A Rising Man (2016) A Necessary Evil (2017) Smoke and Ashes (2018) Death in the East (2019) The Shadows of Men'' (2021)	2.09375
71417370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian%20Chase	Lillian Chase	Lillian Alice Chase (July 12, 1894 – August 28, 1987) was a Canadian physician who is regarded as an early expert in the treatment of diabetes. Early life Lillian Alice Chase was born on July 12, 1894 in Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, to parents Oscar and Elizabeth Chase. She attended Wolfville School and studied at Acadia University from 1912 to 1916. She excelled in sport at Acadia, competing in hockey, basketball and tennis. After graduating from Acadia, she worked as a schoolteacher for a year before enrolling at the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, and completed her medical degree in 1922. Medical career Chase began her career as an intern at Toronto General Hospital, where she became interested in the treatment of diabetes after meeting Leonard Thompson, the first patient to receive insulin. She undertook postgraduate research on diabetes at the University of Rochester in New York before returning to Canada. She set up a practice in Regina, Saskatchewan, in 1925 and remained there until 1942; she was known for her expertise on diabetes and was frequently called to consult on other physicians' diabetic patients. In 1932, she became the first female president of the Regina General Hospital. She served with the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps from 1942 to 1945, during which time she worked at Sunnybrook Hospital in Toronto as well as caring for soldiers on ships to and from England. In 1945, she joined the staff of Women's College Hospital in Toronto, where she conducted a weekly diabetes clinic. Chase was a founding member of the Canadian Diabetes Association in 1953. She retired soon after she was awarded an honorary doctorate by Acadia University in 1969. She died on August 28, 1987, in Ottawa.	2.546875
71417638	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Frazee%20House	Stephen Frazee House	The Stephen Frazee House is a historic house at 7733 Canal Road in Cuyahoga Valley National Park in the U.S. state of Ohio. The house was built in 1826 for Stephen and Mehitable Frazee, who had settled in the Cuyahoga Valley a decade earlier. The family had relocated from Poland, Ohio and were among the valley's first settlers; they lived in a log cabin until building the 1826 house. The construction of the Ohio and Erie Canal in the 1820s split Frazee's land in half, and he won $130 from the state in compensation that he may have put toward the house. The house is a Federal style vernacular building; while the style was common in the northeastern U.S., where it was often implemented by professional architects, it was rare in Ohio. The house's bricks were made of clay from the property itself, and the crude bricks and less experienced builders resulted in the house settling during its construction, giving it a permanent warped appearance. The Frazee family lived in the house until 1861, when it was purchased by John Hynton. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 4, 1976.	1.945313
71417686	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus%20van%20den%20Enden%20the%20Elder	Martinus van den Enden the Elder	He married in 1626 Lucretia de la Haij, who was possibly a relative of the Antwerp engraver and printer Michiel Haeye (Haeij). The couple lived in a house called the 'Witte Leeuw' (White Lion) in the Haarstraat, near the Grote Markt in the centre of Antwerp. They were the parents of Martinus the younger, who was baptized on 25 April 1633 in the Cathedral of Antwerp, with the publisher Gillis Hendricx acting as godfather. Martinus the younger continued the business and also became an art dealer. Martinus the Elder's presumed daughter Clara van den Enden married the prominent engraver Pieter de Jode II in 1648. This shows that he was well connected in the art and publishing world in Antwerp. He may have operated a side business as a seller of paintings, art assessor and wine merchant, but his major occupation was that of a print publisher. While van den Enden seems to have been successful in building good relationships with other publishers, engravers and artists and to sell some of his output abroad, he seems to have run into financial trouble. This lead in March 1644 to a financial settlement with Gillis Hendricx, the godfather of his son. It is possible that Gillis Hendricx obtained the plates for the Iconographie under this settlement and thus could become the second publisher of the Iconographie. In November 1651, in another settlement van den Enden was required to pay the painter Jan Baptist Borrekens a debt of 250 guilders to Borrekens, to be discharged by printing as many copies as were needed from plates that were owned jointly by him and Pieter de Jode. On 20 June 1654, he was recorded as a ‘buitenpoorter’ in the poorter books of Antwerp, meaning that from that date on he lived outside the city walls while retaining his Antwerp citizenship. It is not known where and when he died, and no further documents are available that can shed light on what happened to him from about the second half of the 1650s. It is believed that his son continued his business in Antwerp after his father left the city.	2.234375
71417733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20Ritsema	Jacob Ritsema	Jacob Coenraad Ritsema (10 June 1869, Haarlem - 15 December 1943, Laren) was a Dutch landscape, portrait and genre painter; associated with the Düsseldorfer Malerschule and the Haagse School. Biography He was the eldest of four children born to Coenraad Ritsema (1834–1916), a printer who had trained as a lithographer in Düsseldorf, and his wife, Jeanette, née Moulijn, originally from Rotterdam. His brother, Johan, was sent to Paris to be a lithographer's apprentice, while he went to Düsseldorf at the age of fifteen, to enroll at the Kunstakademie. He was there from 1884 to 1887. His primary instructors were Heinrich Lauenstein, Hugo Crola, Johann Peter Theodor Janssen and Adolf Schill. After completing his courses, he went to Scheveningen to study with Paul Gabriël, his father's childhood friend, who took him into his family. While there, he met his future wife, Alijda van den Broeck, the daughter of a baker from Kortenhoef. When he left, he lived in several locations, until 1900, when he opened a studio in Haarlem. After winning the Willink van Collenprijs in 1911, he married Alidja. They had a son and a daughter, and lived in The Hague until 1922. He took some students and was a member of numerous artists' organizations, such as the and Arti et Amicitiae, in Amsterdam, as well as the Haagse Kunstkring and the Pulchri Studio. In 1938, he and Alidja moved to Laren. She died later that same year. He died suddenly, after returning from a painting expedition, five years later. Landscapes comprise most of his work, although he also created portraits and still-lifes. Queen Wilhelmina bought two of his landscapes; currently on display at Soestdijk Palace. His works may also be seen at the Kunstmuseum Den Haag and the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. His sister, Coba, became a famous portrait painter.	1.945313
71417889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth%20and%20Northeastern%20Railroad	Duluth and Northeastern Railroad	The Duluth and Northeastern Railroad (DNE) was a logging railroad headquartered in Cloquet, Minnesota. Incorporated on September 30, 1898, the railroad was built through the forests of northeastern Minnesota, eventually reaching its zenith with of track, including branches extending from Cloquet to Hornby, Minnesota, near today's settlement of Brimson, Minnesota. The railroad interchanged with the Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway at Saginaw, Minnesota. The railroad was one of the last in Minnesota to dieselize, continuing to operate steam locomotives until 1964. Following dieselization, Duluth & Northeastern 28 continued to make special trips until it was donated to the Lake Superior Railroad Museum in 1974. In 1941, the railroad was cut back to a line between Cloquet and Saginaw, Minnesota. This 10-mile line continued to operate until 1991, when the line was again cut back to just the trackage in Cloquet serving the then Potlatch Paper Mill and the USG Ceiling Tile Plant. Potlatch Corporation acquired the railroad in 1964. In the 1990s, traffic consisted of about 5,000 cars of pulpwood, pulp, paper and related products plus chemicals. On May 13, 2002, the SAPPI paper mill took over operations of the railroad, the Duluth and Northeastern Railroad ceased, and its successor, the Cloquet Terminal Railroad began.	1.921875
71418255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBElisapeti%20Langi	ʻElisapeti Langi	Ms Langi was appointed as an Acting Supreme Court Judge for six months in 2020 to help with the wave of drug-related cases that had flooded the Supreme Court. This was a historic appointment for her as it was the first time a female was appointed to the Supreme Court of Tonga. Supreme Court Appointment In 2020, under strain from the increased drug offences seen in the Tongan criminal system, the supreme court gained approval from King Topou VI for the appointment of ʻElisapeti Langi to the Supreme Court as an acting judge. She was specifically chosen for her long service in legal system, serving in the Magistracy for three years as a Senior Magistrate, as well as prior being an Assistant Senior Crown Prosecutor for ten years. ʻElisapeti Langi was also noted for handling important and high-profile cases such as the first prosecution under the Computer Misuse Act, and as counsel for the Royal Commission for Inquiry for the sinking of MV Princess Ashika. Her earned respect both home and abroad was also listed, with her Australian Leadership Award being cited as being extremely prestigious. However, there were concerns that her appointment was rushed, and that the process of her appointment lacked the necessary scrutiny that candidates for the Supreme Court bench must go through. She was given a welcoming ceremony on 31 August 2020. In March 2022, ʻElisapeti Langi was featured in an article about her career and gave an interview about her views on becoming the first female judge on the Tongan supreme court. In 'The Conch', a University of South Pacific newsletter and magazine, she stated "By our mere presence, women judges increase the court's legitimacy, sending a powerful message that they are open and accessible to those seeking recourse to justice,". She also said "Women judges, in my opinion, contribute far more to justice than simply improving its appearance; we can also make a significant contribution to the quality of decision making, and thus to the quality of justice itself".	1.914063
71419631	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Weidberg	Ron Weidberg	Ron Weidberg (Hebrew: רון וידברג, born 1953 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli composer, musicologist, and pianist. His works have been performed by the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra and the Israel Camerata Jerusalem, among others. Biography Ron Weidberg studied at the Tel-Aviv Academy of Music with Leon Schidlowsky and Yizhak Sadai. He later received his master's degree at Northwestern University Bienen School of Music in Evanstone, Illinois, USA. In 2000 he received his doctorate degree in musicology at Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv University. The dissertation title was: "The Evolution of Sonic Design in the Jean Sibelius's Orchestral Music 1892-1914". Music career In 1988, he collaborated with other Israeli composers initiating a concert series titled "Music Now". In the first concert, his work "Bithonot" ("Securities") after David Avidan was premiered with vocalist Adi Etzion-Zak. The series was active for five years and premiered some 70 Israeli new works. His works have been commissioned and performed in the framework of the Israel Jerusalem Festival, including "Introduction, Chromatic Fugue and Polk Circus" for 8 pianos in 32 hands (1984), "Fanfare for Brass Ensemble" (1986), "Pressure Songs" (1990) and the Cantata "The story of Rabbi Amnon of Mainz"(1998). His orchestral works have been performed in all orchestras in Israel, including the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra and the Israel Camerata Jerusalem.	2.265625
71419747	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Pool%20%28Seattle%29	Crystal Pool (Seattle)	Crystal Pool Natatorium was a saltwater indoor swimming pool in Seattle, Washington. It was eventually adapted and became the building of the Bethel Temple Pentecostal Church. It was designed by B. Marcus Priteca and built from 1915 to 1918. The pool was covered with boards and the venue used for boxing or roller skating. The building was later demolished in 2003 and replaced with a condominium complex called Crystalla. Description The complex was designed for C. D. Stimson by Marcus Priteca. Upon its debut, the Italian Renaissance architecture facility was described as having outdone the Baths of Rome. The total cost of its construction was approximately $200,000 (). It had arched steel trusses and a glass roof. Its facade included terracotta features and it had a dome. Water was pumped in from the Puget Sound's Elliott Bay. The 260,000 gallon pool was heated. It was in the Belltown District. History In 1918, the pool's adjoining energy plant was converted from burning oil to burning a form of powdered coal. A contemporaneous article in Electrical World magazine reported that it was to become the first of its kind (a small plant isolated from others) to transition to powdered coal. It received the coal by truck, and was described as not having a "slag pit" for its byproducts. In February 1923 the Young Men's Republican Club of King County organized a Lincoln Banquet at the Crystal Pool Auditorium. In March 23, 1923 the Ku Klux Klan held a rally at the venue. At the time, Seattle was segregated with covenants to restrict where minorities could live and sundown restrictions kept them out of white neighborhoods after working hours. The Klan event was one of several held around Washington in 1923 and 1924. In 1924, U. S. Navy swimmers from the battleships and competed at the pool. William H. Offler bought the building in 1944 and converted it into Bethel Temple, permanently covering the pool with flooring. The entrance was on the corner of 2nd Avenue and Lenora Street.	2.1875
71420320	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Carrington%20Morris	Elizabeth Carrington Morris	Elizabeth Carrington Morris (July 7, 1795 – February 12, 1865) was an American botanist who studied the flora of Philadelphia. With her sister, Margaretta Morris, she has been credited by historian Catherine McNeur as helping to transform American science in the 19th century. Life Elizabeth Carrington Morris was born in Philadelphia on July 7, 1795, the daughter of Ann Willing Morris (1767–1853) and Luke Morris (1760–1802) of Germantown. Elizabeth and her sister, Margaretta, used the back garden of the family home in Germantown to observe and study insects and plants. This was described by Samuel Hotchkin in Ancient and Modern Germantown, Mount Airy and Chestnut Hill (1889):The garden, so protected by its trees and shrubbery as to retain the attractions of its original seclusion, was for many years the beautiful scene of the scientific researches of Miss Elizabeth Carrington Morris, who, retiring in disposition, was an accomplished botanist, and numbered among her many scientific correspondents Dr. William Huttall, Dr. William C. Darlington, of West Chester, and Dr. Asa Gray, of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Her collection of rare plants, cultivated and preserved, was celebrated among many, whose refined taste led them to pursue with her this course of study. Her garden was her Eden, and the greenhouses of Messrs. Thomas Meehan and Henry C. Waltemate, were her favorite resorts.The Morris sisters had a wide circle of correspondents, which included botanist Asa Gray and social reformer Dorothea Dix. Both Elizabeth and Margaretta contributed articles to scientific journals using pseudonyms, and though Margaretta later began to use her real initials, Elizabeth remained anonymous. In the words of historian Catherine McNeur, she 'preferred anonymity to accolades'. Nevertheless, she established a reputation for herself as an expert in the flora of Philadelphia: authoring articles, supplying plants to the country's leading botanists, and creating illustrations for scientific books and articles.	2.34375
71420802	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston%20Swift%20Boyer	Winston Swift Boyer	Winston Swift Boyer (born June 25, 1954) is an American fine art photographer living in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, and is best known for his color photography of landscapes in the United States and Europe. Early life He is the son of Winston Philip Boyer and Josephine Swift. In 1972, Boyer graduated from Robert Louis Stevenson School in Pebble Beach. Career In 1974, Boyer went to France and got a job as a sports photographer covering bicycle racing. During 1977, Boyer journeyed to Europe, documenting the Tour de France for cycling magazines. He compiled a collection of photographs of European landscapes, peoples, and architecture, and held numerous exhibitions in American and European galleries. Boyer's first one-man show was at the Lakey Gallery, in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California in 1979. Boyer was described as one of six Master Printmakers in "The Artistry of Master Printmakers", a chapter in Color, a volume of the Life Library of Photography (Time/Life Books, 1981). The book contains two full-page photographs by Boyer, Night Angel, a twilight photograph of an apartment building from Nice, France, and California Coastal Vista from Morro Bay, California. These photos were also published in the magazine Camera 35 (1981) along with a 1-page biographical overview that said when making landscapes, Boyer used two 35mm Leicas, 5 lenses and no tripod, and he did his own printing. In the mid-1980s, while living in New York, Boyer received an advance from the Bulfinch Press imprint of Little, Brown and Company to travel the United States and assemble 64 photographs for the book American Roads. Travel writer and historian William Least Heat-Moon wrote the introduction to the book.	2.21875
71420834	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Atlanta%20Prison%20Farm	Old Atlanta Prison Farm	A 1999 historical analysis of the prison farm by Jillian Wootten of the Atlanta Department of City Planning stated that the farm was owned and operated as a federal prison from 1918 to 1965, when it was acquired by the City of Atlanta. In 2021, the Atlanta Community Press Collective analyzed city and press archives and concluded that Wootten's 1999 report conflated three different properties used by prison systems in Atlanta, and that the prison farm was never federally owned. Wootten's report described the farm as a relatively low-security establishment for non-violent offenders from its inception until the city's acquisition of the farm in 1965, after which there are limited records. The 2021 report by the Atlanta Community Press Collective found evidence of, "systemic abuse, torture, overcrowding, neglect, and racialized violence throughout the prison farm's history, as well as the possibility that unmarked graves of prisoners exist on the grounds." Wootten found that the prison farm should be listed on the National Register of Historic Places and recommended that it be preserved as a "valuable, environmentally rich and historic place". Civil rights leader Stokely Carmichael was briefly held at the farm as a political prisoner during the civil rights movement. South River Forest The Old Atlanta Prison Farm is situated within the South River Forest, a 3500-acre green space that conservationists and some residents have argued should be preserved. Atlanta has the largest tree canopy of any major US city and is known as the 'city in the forest'. Two organizations, the South River Forest coalition and the South River Watershed Alliance, have filed lawsuits against the development projects that threaten the forest. These developments include a controversial police training facility and a land swap between the city and the film industry. Police training facility	2.59375
71421097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botzum%20Farm	Botzum Farm	The Botzum Farm is a historic farm at 3486 Riverview Road in Cuyahoga Valley National Park in the U.S. state of Ohio. The farm was founded by the Botzum family, who immigrated to the United States from Germany in the 1830s. According to family history, the family lost their possessions to a pirate attack during their voyage to the U.S., and they were nearly abducted by South American slavers in New York City before traveling to Ohio. While the family purchased the land from the Connecticut Land Company in the 1840s, the current buildings on the farm were not built until after Conrad Botzum settled there in 1883. The farm raised livestock and grew crops, and particularly outpaced its neighbors in the former; at one point it had 65 sheep and 31 hogs, both several times higher than the local average. The farmstead's main buildings are the 1906 concrete block farmhouse, the 1884 Pomeranian barn, and the 1898 bank barn; it also includes two summer kitchens, a privy, a shed, and a well. The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 21, 1999.	2.078125
71421495	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKinney%20Fire	McKinney Fire	Environmental impacts Smoke from the McKinney Fire caused unhealthy air impacts in parts of Northern California and Southern Oregon. The Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Ashland was forced to move shows indoors because of smoke. On August 2, up to 3 inches of precipitation fell over the east side of the McKinney Fire burn area, causing localized flooding and releasing large debris flows into tributaries of the Klamath River, including Humbug Creek and McKinney Creek. The debris flows were significant enough to double the flow of the Klamath River in some areas from 1,000 feet per second to 2,000 feet per second for a period. A private contractor working with fire crews was hospitalized with non-life-threatening injuries after flood water and debris flows caused a bridge to give out, trapping him inside his vehicle. The debris flows also caused massive fish die-offs in the Klamath River. A remote monitoring system managed by the Karuk Native American tribe recorded the oxygen saturation level in the Klamath River near Seiad Creek ( downstream of the debris flows) plunging to 0% for several hours on the night of August 3 and again on August 4. This caused the death of what may have been tens of thousands of fish along a of the Klamath River. The species affected included suckers, juvenile salmon, lamprey eels, crayfish, and steelhead trout. The Karuk and Yurok Native American tribes have been working for years to protect fragile salmon populations in the Klamath River, which may be further impacted as a result of the fire's aftereffects.	2.5625
71421786	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerepehi%20Fault	Kerepehi Fault	The Kerepehi Fault (also known as the Kerepēhi Fault) is a NeS-to NWeSE-striking normal fault system in the North Island of New Zealand aligned with the Hauraki rift valley that produced the Firth of Thames and the Hauraki Plains. The Kerepehi Fault has a maximum potential of generating earthquakes with magnitudes of or above. Geology The Kerepehi Fault in the southern portion of the Hauraki Rift is much more complex than previously thought and as a result has the potential for large earthquakes, although single fault segment events should be less than 7 in magnitude. Previously it was thought to contain 5 fault segments with events separated by many thousands of years of moderate magnitude but the mean event separation anywhere in the fault zone is now known to be only about 1000 years in what is a belt of many faults and at least 6 complex segments on land. Three segments have been identified under the sea. The fault system extends therefore from Waiheke Island to south of Te Poi and is the intra-rift fault structure for the now geologically fairly inactive by New Zealand standards, Hauraki Rift. Work using geolocation on the Hauraki Rift which is a North - South trending, long and wide on-shore/off-shore continental rift reveals a widening rate of /year although some of the raw data suggests that at the Te Poi end it might be up to /year. The recently identified but yet to be fully characterised 25 km long Te Puninga fault is presumably a parallel intra-rift fault much closer to the western borders of the Hauraki Rift. Hazards	2.515625
71422079	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robley%20D.%20Evans%20%28physicist%29	Robley D. Evans (physicist)	Robley Dunglison Evans (May 18, 1907, University Place, Nebraska – December 31, 1995, Paradise Valley, Arizona) was an American nuclear physicist and pioneer of nuclear medicine. He was the president of the Health Physics Society in 1972–1973. Biography His father Manley Jefferson Evans (1878–1970) and mother Alice Jennie Turner (1882–1965) married in August 1905 in O'Neill, Nebraska. Manley J. Evans was a professor at Nebraska Wesleyan University. Robley D. Evans was their only child. He is named in honor of Admiral Robley D. Evans, but there is no immediate family connection. In 1912 the family moved to Los Angeles County. Manley J. Evans taught at Hollywood High School for 32 years. At Hollywood High School, Robley D. Evans was the president of the science club and the valedictorian of the Class of 1925. In the 8th grade, even before he entered high school, he was playing percussion instruments professionally in danceable jazz bands. In high school he played in the regular band and sometimes in orchestra, symphony, and the Hollywood Bowl. Evans studied physics at California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1928, a master's degree in 1929. and a PhD in 1932. His thesis advisor was Robert Andrews Millikan. Evans's thesis concerned the measurement of "background radiation coming from the earth, so that it could be distinguished from cosmic radiation." He married his first wife, Gwendolyn Elizabeth Aldrich (1905–1989), in 1928. From 1932 to 1934 he was a National Research Council Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley. Career	2.125
71422174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20al-Shabaab%20invasion%20of%20Ethiopia	2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia	Outbreak of Tigray war and instability in Ethiopia (2020–2021) Ethiopian officials often arrested suspected Al-Shabaab infiltrators. Researcher James Barnett argued that the Liyu police in particular had organized "effective—if controversial—counterterrorism operations" which had prevented insurgents from establishing a lasting presence in Ethiopia. In 2020, the Tigray war erupted and greatly weakened the ENDF, resulting in a partial withdrawal of Ethiopian forces from Somalia. Despite this, 4,000 Ethiopian troops remained stationed in Somalia as of mid-2022. Meanwhile, al-Shabaab experienced another period of growth, increasing the number of its attacks and capturing more territory in Somalia. In 2021, it seemed as if the Ethiopian government might collapse due to the Tigray war; security analyst Matt Bryden argued that al-Shabaab began to plan an invasion in this period. A similar analysis was provided by Barnett who argued that al-Shabaab hoped to exploit the unrest generated by the war. Preparation for incursion (2021–2022) Al-Shabaab spent more than a year before the attack considering the operation. It trained thousands of fighters for the operation, recruiting large numbers of ethnic Somalis and Oromo from Ethiopia. Preparations were made for an invasion by trying to set up a small supporter network at El Kari, deep inside Ethiopia.In May 2022, the insurgents launched a series of attacks to weaken the Ethiopian and Somali pro-government presence at the border, possibly to prepare for the following invasion. In early July, Osman Abu Abdi Rahman, al-Shabaab governor of the Somali gobol Bakool, declared war on the Liyu police. Five days before the invasion, Ethiopian security forces conducted a raid in El Kari, killing a local cleric who was identified as an "al-Shabab commander". In late July 2022 Al-Shabaab assembled 1,500–2,000 insurgents for the attack. The scale of mobilization for the incursion surprised many observers, with vehicles and supplies mobilized in large numbers by the militants.	1.9375
71422174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20al-Shabaab%20invasion%20of%20Ethiopia	2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia	Invasion The rebel offensive began on 20 July 2022, as al-Shabaab shut down the telephone networks across the South West State of Somalia. One al-Shabaab unit then launched a surprise attack on four settlements on the Somali side of the border, including the towns Aato and Yeed as well as the village of Washaaqo. These settlements were garrisoned by units of the Ethiopian Liyu police. The rebels defeated the garrisons of Aato and Yeed and proceeded to burn down the Ethiopian bases at both towns. Around this time, al-Shabaab top leader Fu'ad Mohamed Khalaf visited Aato and used the opportunity to denounce the Liyu police. According to Voice of America journalist Harun Maruf, Critical Threats analysts Liam Karr and Emily Estelle, as well as Somali regional and intelligence officials, this first attack was a diversionary operation designed to facilitate an invasion into Ethiopian territory by another al-Shabaab force. Local officials and civilians stated that pro-government forces eventually retook Aato and Yeed. Both sides claimed to had inflicted heavy losses on the other. On 20 or 21 July 2022, about 500 al-Shabaab fighters crossed the border at Yeed from Somalia's Bakool into Ethiopia's Afder Zone. The invading force reportedly mostly consisted of militants recruited from Ethiopia itself. Al-Shabaab's "Ethiopian Front", led by Ali Diyaar, was known to have taken part in the operation. The rebels advanced into Ethiopian territory. They captured the town of Hulhul, but were encircled there by Somali Region paramilitary forces on 22 July. In the following, three-days-long battle for Hulhul, the rebel force was destroyed or at least forced to retreat. The Ethiopian government claimed that its troops had killed over 100 al-Shabaab rebels at Hulhul, and destroyed 13 vehicles.	2.109375
71422301	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan-Emma%20Shea	Joan-Emma Shea	Joan-Emma Shea is an American chemist who is a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Her research applies statistical and computational approaches to address biological problems. She is a Fellow of both the American Physical Society and the American Chemical Society, and the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Physical Chemistry. Early life and education Shea was born in Santa Barbara, California. She was an undergraduate student at McGill University and a doctoral student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where her research considered Brownian motion. She was awarded a National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada fellowship, and joined Charles L. Brooks III at the University of California, San Diego and Scripps Research. Research and career Shea joined the James Franck Institute at the University of Chicago in 2000, where she spent one year before joining the University of California, Santa Barbara. She became a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2008. Her work considers the chemistry of cellular processes, including in vivo protein folding. In particular, She studies intrinsically disordered proteins, biomolecules which do not fold to a single, 3D shape, but instead rapidly interconvert between many conformations in their monomeric forms. Some intrinsically disordered proteins can self-assemble into fibrillar aggregates and/or undergo a process called liquid-liquid phase separation. Shea studies these processes using computational and statistical approaches In 2019, Shea was elected as editor-in-chief of the Journal of Physical Chemistry (A, B and C). She was the first woman to hold this position in the 124-year history of the journal. Awards and honors 2002 National Science Foundation CAREER Award 2003 David and Lucile Packard Award 2004 Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow 2011 Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society 2022 Elected Fellow of the American Chemical Society Selected publications	2.109375
71422454	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda%20Frazier%20%28politician%29	Brenda Frazier (politician)	Brenda L. Strong Frazier (born 1941) is an American politician and activist. Born in Shelby, North Carolina, Frazier and her family moved to Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in 1943. She received a bachelor's degree in elementary education at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania and began working as an elementary school teacher in Pittsburgh. She joined the First Pittsburgh chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1975 and helped to found the East End chapter of the organization, which required the election of two presidents: one white and one Black. She served as chair of NOW's national minority women's committee. Frazier was elected to the Allegheny County Council for District 13 in 2001 as a Democrat. She founded and chaired the Allegheny County Black Elected Officials organization. She was re-elected in 2004 and 2008, although she resigned her position on February 11, 2008, to run for a seat in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. She lost the Democratic primary to Dom Costa. Following the unsuccessful election, she joined the Pennsylvania Democratic Committee and founded the organization's Black caucus.	1.984375
71422462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rage%20%28music%20genre%29	Rage (music genre)	Rage (also known as rage music, rage rap, or rage beats) is a microgenre of trap music. Distinguishing features of rage include short looping stereo-widened future bass-influenced synthesizer lead hooks and basic, energetic trap rhythms. Among the pioneers of rage are rappers Playboi Carti, Lil Uzi Vert, and Trippie Redd. Etymology The name of the subgenre comes from "Miss the Rage", a genre-pioneering track made in 2021 by Trippie Redd and Playboi Carti whose name references moshpits during rap concerts that Trippie Redd longed for during COVID-19 lockdowns. In the context of the title, "rage" means "moshpit". The concept of "rages" at rap concerts and the use of the term "rage" in hip hop music predate the rage subgenre itself: the first person to use the term "rage" in context of hip-hop is said to be Kid Cudi, with his "Mr. Rager" alter-ego, which influenced Travis Scott who later adopted the term "rage" and made it an important part of his own aesthetic. During the 2010s, multiple artists and critics used the word "rage" in context of hip-hop, mostly either referring to overdriven energetic sound, or the moshpits happening at rap concerts, examples being Lil Uzi Vert's Luv Is Rage and Luv Is Rage 2 releases. History	2.125
71422543	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic%20Wall%20%28wargame%29	Atlantic Wall (wargame)	Atlantic Wall, subtitled "The Invasion of Europe June 1944", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1978 that simulates Operation Overlord during World War II, when Allied forces landed on Normandy beaches and attempted to break out into open country. Background After the United States entered World War II in 1941, Germany knew the Allies would eventually attempt a major amphibious assault somewhere along the European coast, and created a series of strong beach defenses from Norway to the French-Spanish border dubbed the Atlantic Wall. In June 1944, the Allied forces attempted to breach this wall at the Normandy beaches. Description Atlantic Wall is a two-player (or two-team) monster wargame (having more than 1000 counters) with an enormous five-piece map. One player or team controls the Allied forces trying to land and break out into open country, and the other player or team controls the German forces trying to contain and destroy the Allies. It is a highly complex game — one reviewer estimated that the entire Campaign Game would take 100 hours to complete. Components The game includes: five 22" x 34" paper hex grid maps scaled at 1 km (5/8 mi) per hex 2000 double-sided die-cut counters 32-page rulebook scenario book various charts and player aids two small six-sided dice	2.203125
71422745	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeocarcharias	Palaeocarcharias	Palaeocarcharias is an extinct genus of shark, known from the Jurassic of Europe. It has only a single named species, Palaeocarcharias stromeri, which is known from exceptionally preserved specimens from the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) of Germany (Solnhofen Limestone) and France (Canjuers Lagerstatte). Isolated teeth of indeterminate species from England (White Limestone Formation, and possibly the Forest Marble and Taynton Limestone) extend the range of the genus back to the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian). Morphologically, it closely resembles carpet sharks (Orectolobiformes), and is around in total body length. However, it shares greater similarities in tooth development with mackerel sharks (Lamniformes), including the absence of orthodentine, and has been suggested to the earliest known member of the Lamniformes or a member of a sister group to the Lamniformes. A 2018 study suggested that should be classified as the sole member of the order Palaeocarchariiformes, but a subsequent 2023 study questioned this and favoured placement in Lamniformes. A 2024 study of a specimen from Canjuers suggested that as that it was in fact a true carpet shark, perhaps a member of Orectolobidae (the wobbegongs).	2.359375
71422830	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angeles%20Mesa%20skeletons	Angeles Mesa skeletons	Chester Stock clarified in the Science paper that what Hill calls Mesa was Angeles Mesa Drive. Angeles Mesa Drive was later renamed Crenshaw Boulevard, and the Air Line became Exposition Boulevard what is now the E Line, so Stock is describing the intersection where Expo/Crenshaw station sits now. Following Stock’s measurements, the bones were found under the block now bounded by Obama Boulevard, West Boulevard, Coliseum Street, and Buckingham Road. However, Hill’s map published in the Los Angeles Times puts one of the four locations at Mesa and Vernon, which (if he means today’s Crenshaw Blvd. and Vernon Ave.) is some from the location described in Stock’s paper. Crenshaw and Vernon is essentially today’s Leimert Park Plaza. The distance from Expo/Crenshaw to Leimert Park Plaza is . Geologist Robert T. Hill examined the excavation site and reported, “All precedents regarding the nature of the deposits in which they were found suggests that they are many thousands of years old.” He sent the following telegram to Henry F. Osborn: ”Human remains found here completely fossilized. Occur twenty-five feet deep in horizontal stratified of old recent or latest Pleistocene age. No possibility of intrusion or confusion with outwash or Santa Barbara occurrence. Consider most unquestionable ancient occurrence yet reported. Material well cared-for by Bryan and Stock.” A photo included with the April 6, 1924 report in the L.A. Times shows vertebrae and limb bones, et al.	2.265625
71423396	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy%20of%20Music%20%28Sioux%20City%2C%20Iowa%29	Academy of Music (Sioux City, Iowa)	New building St. Louis architect William Angelo Powell designed a new four-story building for the Academy of Music. The building began showing performances on January 14, 1871, starting with The Serious Family and A Day in Paris. The theater hall was tall with a floor and balcony that could seat 800 people. The stage scenery was able to be moved by offstage machinery and lamps did not need to be extinguished to be darkened. The drop curtain contained an image of Venice, Italy. Irwin and his wife performed there several times in 1870 and 1871, with Mrs. Irwin receiving much praise. Although some newspapers criticized the performers, most articles tried to raise the attendance through reviews. The reviews helped show that Sioux City was a progressive community for later residents. Irwin along with his wife, stepson, sister, daughter, and some other people had to cut scripts and often perform up to three roles during a play. The Academy of Music employed locals and they tried to hire well-known talent. The Selden Irwin Combination acted, painted, built things, worked the lights, cleaned, publicized, allowed others to rent their costumes, gave space, and provided advice. The theater was able to thrive due to Irwin's ability to adapt to changes. The building also contained offices including a post office. Women's rights activist Susan B. Anthony spoke twice at the Academy of Music in the 1870s.	2.5625
71423506	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna%20%28name%29	Madonna (name)	Madonna () is a name from the 16th century, originally used as a respectful form of address to an Italian woman. It comes from Old Italian phrase ma donna which means "my lady". It was adopted as one of the titles for Mary, mother of Jesus in Roman Catholic tradition in the 17th century. Its usage has been present in Western Christian art and literature. The name has also become associated in contemporary culture with American singer Madonna (full name: Madonna Louise Ciccone) since late twentieth century. She registered her name for trademark in the United States during the 1980s. Her trademark was also recognized internationally when she won a legal case in 2000 through the United Nations' arbitration at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Etymology and title for Mary, mother of Jesus Madonna comes from Old Italian language words of ma ("my") and donna ("lady"). The Italian word came from the Latin phrase mea domina (or domina mea), translated as "my mistress" in English. In modern Italian, "my lady" is translated as mia donna. The name is alternatively spelled as Madona, Madonnah, and Madòna. Its short-form nicknames include Maddy, Maddie, Madge, and Donna.	2.65625
71423608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edoardo%20Bianchini	Edoardo Bianchini	At Adwa, Bianchini found himself attested on the Chidane Meret hill together with his own brigade, which had remained isolated from the rest of the Italian deployment. The Italian forces were hit by a powerful charge of the Ethiopian forces coming from Adwa, which, having defeated the vanguard, disastrously penetrated the second line. He received the order from the Brigade commander, General Matteo Albertone to "fire until the last shot and sacrifice himself on the spot to allow the brigade's leftovers to withdraw". Captain Bianchini, together with almost all the officers and effective of the two departments, met his death in the field. Together with the commander of the Mountain Artillery Brigade, Major Francesco De Rosa and that of the 4th Battery, Captain Umberto Masotto, he was decorated with the Gold Medal of Military Valor. All the other officers, including the only two survivors (Lieutenants Pettini and Cordella, respectively wounded and taken prisoner), received the Silver Medal of Military Valor. Legacy Captain Bianchini is remembered, together with his fellow soldiers, with a monument built in 1899 in Messina by the sculptor Salvatore Buemi. In 1897, the ancient Bourbon Cavalry Barracks in Naples, the work of Luigi Vanvitelli located near the Maddalena bridge was also dedicated to Bianchini. On 3 March 2012, a commemorative plaque was dedicated to him in the same barracks and the former pupil of Nunziatella and historian Ferdinando Scala recalled the figure. His Gold Medal was donated by his family to the San Martino Museum in Naples. The Nunziatella Military School named its course from 1934 to 1935 after him. Awards Gold Medal of Military Valor (March 1, 1896) Bronze Medal of Military Valor (1893) Order of the Crown of Italy	2.375
71423636	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ABb%C3%ABlldeh	Dëbëlldeh	Dëbëlldeh (, ) is a village in the municipality of Vitia, Kosovo. Etymology The name of the village comes from the Slavic words "Debeli Deo" () which translated into English mean "Thick Place" Geography The village is located in the Karadak Mountain range, northwest of Kopilaq Mountain. It borders the village of Mjak in the west and Tanuševci in the south which is located in North Macedonia. History The inhabitants of the village belong to the same clan originating from the Berisha tribe and are separated into two branches; The Mahalla of Fejzalar with nine families, and the Mahalla of Qorroll with thirteen families. During the 19th century, the ancestors of the village residents expelled all the Serb inhabitants from the village. Two Serbian families from Dëbëlldeh moved to the village of Klokot after their expulsion. In 1901, the village was known as "Deblidel" and consisted of a population of 117 people, all of whom were Muslims. The Bajraktar of the village was Halil Arifi. The village alongside Tanuševci became a strongholds of Balli Kombëtar during the Second World War and were the site of the Congress of Kopilaqa of Karadak Leaders such as Mulla Idriz Gjilani, Sulë Hotla, Jusuf Lipovica and others. During the Interwar period, two Albanian families from Dëbëlldeh moved into the village Beguncë. During the Kosovo War, most of the village was burned down and property was looted and 4 Civilians in the village were killed by Serb Forces During the Conflict in Macedonia in 2001, the village became a stronghold of the NLA, from which many attacks on Macedonian forces were conducted. Following an agreement between Serbia and Montenegro and Macedonia the village alongside Mjak were supposed to be given to Macedonia, the idea was given up after local residents from Dëbëlldeh and Mjak rose up to arms and threatened to start a new conflict, the locals were supported by ANA militants and former NLA commanders such as Xhezair Shaqiri	2.125
71424131	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferreto%20de%27%20Ferreti	Ferreto de' Ferreti	Ferreto de' Ferreti, also spelled dei Ferreti (1294 – April 1337), was an Italian judge, poet and historian from Vicenza. He was one of the early Renaissance humanists and an early reader of Dante Alighieri. Life Ferreto was born in Vicenza in 1294. His parents were Giacomo and Costanza. His family may have been of Paduan origin, since his grandfather, Ferreto Brexani, is attested as a notary at Vicenza only from 1266, when the latter submitted to the domination of the former. By 1283, Giacomo was a notary and his brother Donato was a judge. Ferreto's father died in 1302 and, owing to his elder brother Francesco's mental disability, he became the nominal head of the family. By 1317, Ferreto had married Anna, daughter of the judge Alberto de Scaletis, who brought him a dowry of 500 pounds. He must have trained as a notary in Vicenza. He also studied classical Latin, especially poetry. Benvenuto Campesani was one of his teachers. He probably met the poet Albertino Mussato of Padua, who was a prisoner in Vicenza in 1314. He joined the College of Notaries in 1316 and was elected its gastaldo (head) on 17 April 1320. His younger brother Citaino also became a notary. Ferreto continued to be listed among the members of the college until 1336. He served a second term as gastaldo in 1331 and a third in 1336. He was on other occasions an elector, examiner and councilor of the college. Some original documents of his from 1316 survive. His professional life was, on the whole, uneventful. He died in 1337 between 4 April, when he drew up his will, and 10 April, when his name was removed from the matricula of the college. He requested burial in the Dominican church of Santa Corona and also left money for the Franciscan .	2.21875
71424178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisaro%20Anima	Bisaro Anima	The November 2019 expedition consisted of thirteen members. Equipment for the expedition was transported across twenty bags of apiece. On the second day, expedition leader Kathleen Graham fell while transporting lead weights and a cave pack down Vimy Ridge from Camp II, breaking her ankle. Backup diver Adam Walker performed the second-ever dive in Bisaro Anima, only going as deep as Graham reached in January 2018 before surfacing to preserve air for future dives. After returning from Bisaro Anima, Kathleen Graham underwent surgery to repair her broken ankle. The next expedition also uncovered an enormous aven filled with mist where water fell from an unknown source which could not be reached by the team, leaving the source of the river in the Rhineland area a mystery. Another area located further up also suggested that a second connection to the surface may still remain undiscovered. Although many sections of the cave remained uncharted, the November 2019 expedition increased the total surveyed length of the cave to , making Bisaro Anima the 7th-largest cave in Canada. 2021 A 2021 expedition to Bisaro Anima revised the depth of the cave once again to a record . In addition, over of previously-unknown passages were discovered and surveyed. Hazards No recreational caving is possible in Bisaro Anima. The lack of easy accessibility and available training combined with the small number of recreational cavers in Western Canada make it difficult for cavers to reach the cave without being part of an organized expedition, and entering the cave involves navigating two enormous pitches using ropes which require good physical fitness and technical expertise to descend safely. The entrance can only be safely reached by helicopter, and the closest hiking trail is the Three Sisters Trail on the far side of the Elk Canyon.	2.125

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