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74422567
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winifred%20Purnell
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Winifred Purnell
|
Winifred Purnell (born 1893) was an Australian-born pianist in England.
History
Winifred was the only daughter of Edward Purnell (c. 1853 – 22 February 1899) and Edith Morland Purnell, née Webb (3 November 1868 – 19 November 1950) who married in 1888. She had three brothers: Edward, Reginald (1890) and Cecil (1894). They had a home at Hill Street, Leichhardt, a suburb of Sydney.
She took lessons with Arthur Mason, Sydney's City Organist, and during this period acted as accompanist to the Sydney Choristers at the Sydney Town Hall. and gave concerts at the YMCA Hall
In 1908 she became a protégée of Mrs Arthur Popplewell (the soprano Rosa Bird), who took her to Hanover, Germany, and to London. She later had financial support from Sir Robert and Lady Lucas Tooth.
In 1912 Purnell and young Australian violinist Godfrey Ludlow gave a command performance at Buckingham Palace for Queen Mary. In 1913 her mother joined her in London.
During the Great War she crossed the Channel nine times, giving concerts for the troops in England, France and Belgium.
In May 1939 she returned to Australia, to visit her mother and to give a ten-week concert tour of Australia for the ABC.
| 2.1875
| 0
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74422804
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola%20Concerto%20%28Kernis%29
|
Viola Concerto (Kernis)
|
Aaron Jay Kernis's Viola Concerto was composed between 2013 and 2014 for the violist Paul Neubauer on a commission from the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, the Idyllwild Arts Academy, the Chautauqua Institution, and the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra. Its world premiere was given by Neubauer and the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra conducted by Roberto Abbado in Saint Paul, Minnesota, on April 24, 2014. The score is dedicated to Neubauer "with deepest admiration."
Composition
Background
The concerto was written especially for Paul Neubauer, with whom had Kernis previously collaborated on his 1993 piano quartet Still Movement with Hymn. In the score program note, Kernis wrote, "In some ways this new concerto follows up on the tone of that piece. I have always been drawn to the soulful character of the viola, and have been excited to write this work from the moment Paul requested it."
Structure
The piece lasts about 27 minutes and is cast in three movements:
Braid
Romance
A Song My Mother Taught Me
The first movement is named for a series of weaving harmonies and melodies. The second movement is named after a series of piano pieces written by Clara Schumann titled "Romanze." The final movement contains musical quotes from Clara's husband Robert Schumann's 4 Klavierstücke, Op. 32, No. 4 and the popular Yiddish folk song "Tumbalalaika," which the composer's mother sang to him as a child.
Instrumentation
The work is scored for solo viola and an orchestra comprising two flutes (1st doubling two anvils; 2nd doubling piccolo), two oboes, two clarinets (1st doubling E-flat clarinet; 2nd doubling bass clarinet), two bassoons (2nd doubling keyboard melodica), two horns, two trumpets (both doubling keyboard melodicas), two percussionists, and strings.
| 2.28125
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74422845
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSLV%20Orbital%20Experiment%20Module
|
PSLV Orbital Experiment Module
|
The ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) built the Relocatable Robotic Manipulator-Technology Demonstrator (RRM-TD), also called Walking Robotic Arm. With its seven degrees of freedom (DoF), it can move via inchworm motor to predetermined targets. It has robotic joints and arm controllers, a grappling mechanism and standardized adapter with power and data transfer, cameras for eye-in-hand operation, and software architecture with obstacle-aware motion planning and safety features installed on a high-compute processor. It will showcase a large workspace for in-orbit servicing. RRM-TD is the predecessor of upcoming robotic technologies for the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) which will help in end-on-end walking, microgravity operations, vision-based 6 DoF pose estimation, visual inspection of stages, robotic manipulation through visual servoing and compliance control, harness-free operation using power and data grappling fixtures, teleoperation and digital twin. RRM-TD was successfully activated on 4 January 2025 in space.
The Debris Capture Robotic Manipulator (DCRM), built by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), will show how a robotic manipulator employ visual servoing and object motion prediction to capture entangled debris. A parallel end-effector for object manipulation and capture will be demonstrated. The robotic manipulator will be able to refuel both free-floating and tethered spacecraft in subsequent POEM missions, as well as capture free floating space junk. On January 6, 2025, DCRM successfully demonstrated tethered debris capture.
For attitude control in POEM-4, IISU developed the Reaction Wheel Assembly (RWA), which has three independent field-programmable gate array-based MIL-STD-1553B automotive-grade Wheel Drive Electronics (WDE) with secondary power management integrated circuits, and brushless DC electric motor (BLDC) control circuits for the three Reaction Wheels with a torque of 0.02 N⋅m and a momentum storage capacity of 5 N⋅m (at 10,000 RPM).
| 2.5
| 0
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74422845
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSLV%20Orbital%20Experiment%20Module
|
PSLV Orbital Experiment Module
|
For conducting scientific experiments onboard sounding rockets, POEM, and spacecrafts, the Space Physics Laboratory (SPL) developed a programmable and configurable onboard controller Payload Common Onboard Computer (P-COC), that can interface with a variety of passive, active, and smart sensors and their front-end electronics. The Electron Temperature Analyzer (ETA), Langmuir Probe (LP), and the Electron Density and Neutral Wind (ENWi) are all controlled and operated by P-COC in IDEA-V2 payload of POEM-4. Ionospheric studies such as electron temperature and electron density of planetary ionospheres are measured in-situ using ENWi, LP and ETA respectively. Measurements of ionospheric properties are made possible by the arrangement of three cylindrical configuration in LP. The first LP in sweep mode can be used to determine the electron temperature, the second LP can be used to estimate the electric field, and the third LP can be used to estimate the absolute electron density. Along the orbit, two ENWi payloads will record electron and ion drifts in two perpendicular orientations. ENWi will detect electron density, irregularity, and electron drift in electron mode and monitor ion density, irregularity, and ion drift in ion mode.
Using the L1 and L5 dual-frequency NavIC receivers, the Ionosphere TEC Measurement using NavIC (PlasDEM or Plasmaspheric electron Density Measurements), a collaborative project between SPL and IISU, will monitor the plasmaspheric electron content and its longitudinal variations. For ionosphere delay/TEC measurement, PlasDEM uses carrier phase measurements using NavIC signals.
VSSC developed Laser Firing Unit (LFU) and Laser Initiation Pyro Unit (LIP) that will demonstrate an in-orbit test of pyro thrusters using a laser-based firing unit instead of electrical firing circuits. It improves safety, has fewer execution modules and package harnesses, decreases the overall weight, size, and power requirement.
| 2.09375
| 0
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74422845
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSLV%20Orbital%20Experiment%20Module
|
PSLV Orbital Experiment Module
|
The Amity Plant Experimental Module in Space (APEMS), designed by Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology (Amity University, Mumbai), will investigate the growth and adaptation of plant cells in microgravity using Spinacia oleracea in real-time. APEMS uses cameras to track growth, a gel for nutrients, and LEDs for light. It will aid in the understanding of plant growth in space. The development of Spinacia oleracea callus was verified on January 11, 2025. The result mirrored the outcome of a laboratory experiment conducted in parallel. The payload is in good shape, and factors such internal lighting, humidity, and carbon dioxide have been examined. The experiment will run for 21 days.
Using FM modulation and the VHF band, S J C Institute of Technology and the Upagraha Amateur Radio Club at the U R Rao Satellite Center developed Amateur Radio Payload for Information Transmission (ARPIT), a multi-mode message transmitter for text, audio, and images from a satellite to the ground station.
To better understand human physiology in space, and promote developments in antibiotics, waste recycling, bioremediation and space exploration, the RVSat-1 payload, built by Team Antariksh from RV College of Engineering, will investigate the growth dynamics of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron using prebiotics under microgravity.
Improved on the RUDRA 0.3 High Performance Green Propellant (HPGP) payload carried in POEM-3, Bellatrix Aerospace developed RUDRA 1.0 HPGP. With a specific impulse of 220 seconds, it provides a nominal thrust of 1 N. It will demonstrate steady-state thruster firing for at least 50 seconds, and track the propulsion system's thermal profile operating in both steady state and pulsed modes.
| 2.796875
| 0
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74424753
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20L.%20Twaddle
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Harry L. Twaddle
|
Twaddle retired in June 1948. In retirement, he lived in Kensington, Maryland and served as president of the 95th Infantry Division Association. He died on December 12, 1954, while visiting one of his sons in Hammond, Indiana. Twaddle was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
Early life
Harry Lewis Twaddle was born in Clarksfield, Ohio on June 2, 1888, the son of Herbert Allen Twaddle and Sadie Arabelle (Campbell) Twaddle. He was raised and educated in Clarksfield, then in Briarcliff Manor, New York, where his father managed the dairy farm of businessman V. Everit Macy. Twaddle graduated from Ossining High School in 1905.
Twaddle attended Syracuse University beginning in 1906, where he played left guard on the football team. In 1910, he graduated with an electrical engineering (E.E.) degree.
After graduating from college, Twaddle resided in Cleveland, Ohio and worked as an engineer for the National Electric Light Association. In 1912, he passed the competitive examination that qualified him to receive a United States Army commission directly from civilian life, and he was appointed a second lieutenant of Infantry.
Military education
The military education and professional development courses Twaddle completed during his career included:
Infantry Field Officers Course (1921)
United States Army Command and General Staff College (1923)
United States Army War College (1925)
Field Artillery Officer Advanced Course (1933)
Chemical Warfare Field Officers Course (1935)
Army Industrial College (1935)
| 2.328125
| 0
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74426330
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n%20Casta%C3%B1eda
|
Hernán Castañeda
|
Hernán Ángel Castañeda Montalvo (born 5 August 1945) is a Peruvian former footballer. Nicknamed Cachorro, he played as a central midfielder who participated in the Brazil Independence Cup.
Club career
Castañeda began his career at the age of 14 within the recently founded Los Caimanes and would play there until 1962. For the next seven years, he played in Juan Aurich until he began playing for Universitario de Deportes where he would participate in the 1972 Copa Libertadores finals. In 1973, he was transferred to Sport Boys and at Defensor Lima in 1976. Later in 1978, he returned to play in Universitario de Deportes until his retirement in 1981.
International career
He played for the Peru national football team in 11 appointments and would score two goals. He made his debut on 14 May 1969 in a friendly against El Salvador which ended in a 4–1 victory for the Peruvians. During their match against Bolivia, Castañeda would score the second goal.
Personal life
Castañeda was born on 5 August 1945 at Chiclayo, Lambayeque as the second son of Esteban Castañeda and Dora Antonieta Montalvo. He has two children, Claudia Cecilia and Hernán Eduardo Castañeda.
| 1.921875
| 0
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74427098
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama%20Masjid%2C%20Hyderabad
|
Jama Masjid, Hyderabad
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The interior consists of a double hall, measuring in length and in breadth. The flat roof of the prayer-hall is supported by a row of arches resting upon pillars. The mosque can accommodate about 750 worshippers.
Inscriptions
A Persian inscription in the Nastaliq script is carved, in three lines, onto a black basalt tablet above the main entrance. It contains verses praising Allah, and notes that the mosque was constructed under the supervision of a nobleman named Amin-ul-Mulk. It contains a chronogram, dating the mosque to 1006 Hijri (1597–98 CE). This inscription is considered to be of very high calligraphical merit, and is praised by scholars including H. K. Sherwani and Ghulam Yazdani, the latter of whom calls it "finest example of the Nastaliq script in the Deccan", and says that it may compare favorably with the best calligraphic specimens of other countries.
The second inscription is located in the western wall of the prayer hall, running along the sides of the mihrab, and above it. It contains the verses 137 and 138 of the second chapter of the Quran, inscribed in the Thuluth script, along with the name of the artist and the year of inscription.
| 1.953125
| 0
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74428441
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82gorzata%20Mirga-Tas
|
Małgorzata Mirga-Tas
|
Małgorzata Mirga-Tas (Polish pronunciation: ; born 1978) is a Polish-Romani artist, sculptor, painter, activist, feminist and educator, the winner of the Paszport Polityki Polish art award. In 2022 Mirga-Tas represented Poland at the 59th Venice Biennale as part of the "Milk of Dreams" exhibition, where she was the first Romani artist to represent any country at this art event.
Biography
Mirga-Tas was born in 1978 in Zakopane, Poland. She is a Romani by origin, a member of the Bargitka. She graduated from the Academy of Arts in Krakow in 2004. Mirga-Tas lives and works in Czarna Góra, a Romani village at the foot of the Tatra Mountains.
Work
She started her career as a cardboard sculptor. She developed a unique method of using cardboard, glue and different materials in order to sculpt animal and human figures. Later she sculpted figures of people from wax. After that, she moved on to painting with paint on cardboard, and later on in paint on canvas. Her current works are created in mixed media technique. Her works are characterized by strong colors, she uses different materials such as textile, fur, beads, feathers and even playing cards in order to give a three-dimensional touch to her work. In her work she is influenced by the Harlem Renaissance movement of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as colorful African art and the African-American artist Kerry James Marshall. Her work, despite its strong colors, depict a very realistic reality: a woman smoking a cigarette, playing cards, hanging laundry.
One of her most famous works is a sculpture from 2011 commemorating the Holocaust of the Romani people, located in Bozenczyn Dolny, Poland.
In her early works, she described the transition in the 1960s and 1970s of the Romani people from a nomadic life to a permanent settlement in villages and cities. Her exhibition "Out of Egypt" (2021) at the Arsenal Gallery in Bialystok is about the life of the Romani people in the 17th century, a nomadic life before settling in permanent settlements.
| 2.59375
| 0
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74428748
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-Grace%20theology
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Hyper-Grace theology
|
Hyper-Grace also called the modern grace message is a soteriological doctrine in Christianity which emphasizes divine grace and holds to eternal security. The view has been mostly popularized among certain expressions of Charismatic Christianity. Hyper-Grace has been advocated by Christian teachers such as Joseph Prince, Paul Ellis and Andrew Farley among many others. The term "Hyper-Grace" has been given to the view by its critics, however the term has been embraced by some who teach it.
History
Hyper-Grace has mainly arisen out of theologians during the 20th and 21st centuries within the Charismatic movement. The doctrine of Hyper-Grace has caused some controversy within the Charismatic movement. The disagreements between Hyper-Grace theologians and other soteriological views has caused a controversy within Evangelical Christianity. The doctrines of Hyper-Grace have been critiqued by Evangelical authors such as Michael Brown and R. C. Sproul among others.
More prominent theologians and teachers who have been identified with the movement include:
| 2.015625
| 0
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74428851
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeline%20Chapman
|
Adeline Chapman
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Adeline Mary Chapman ( Chapman; 27 August 1847 – 20 January 1931), first married name Adeline Guest, was an English campaigner for women's suffrage. She was a suffragist, and opposed the militancy of the suffragettes. Having been an early member of the Women's Social and Political Union, she was a member of the Central Society for Women's Suffrage from 1901. Unhappy with what she perceived as the ineffectiveness of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), the main suffragist organisation, she was the founding president of the New Constitutional Society for Women's Suffrage (NCS).
The aim of the NCS was to lobby government, campaign against the governing Liberal Party candidates (as the party was then broadly anti-women's suffrage) and to explicitly "abstain from public criticism of other suffragists". From 1916, as president of the NCS, she attended the Consultative Committee of the Women's Constitutional Suffrage Societies: the aim of the Consultative Committee was successfully realized in the Representation of the People Act 1918 which gave the right to vote to women aged over 30 for the first time. With the rights for some women to vote obtained, the NCS dissolved in June 1918.
Biography
Chapman was born on 27 August 1847 in Roehampton, Surrey, England, to David Barclay Chapman (1799–1891), a wealthy banker and his second wife Maria (née Chatfield; born 1810). She was brought up at Downshire House, a large house in Roehampton, and was educated at home alongside her many siblings by governesses.
On 23 April 1867, Chapman married Arthur Edward Guest (1841–1898). From 1867 to 1874, Arthur was the Conservative Member of Parliament for Poole. Together they had two children; their daughter Mildred Mansel (1868–1942), who would go on to marry Colonel J. D. Mansel, was a suffragette. By 1881, the marriage had failed and Adeline petitioned for divorce, citing her husband's adultery: however, the law was not on her side and her case was dismissed. The marriage ended instead in 1898 when Arthur died.
| 2.359375
| 0
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74428983
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza%20Khan
|
Hamza Khan
|
Hamza Khan is a Pakistani squash player who became the World Junior Squash Champion, when he won the 2023 World Junior Squash Championship held in Melbourne, Australia.
Early life and family
Hamza belongs to Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. His maternal uncle Shahid Zaman is well known squash player who was formerly ranked World No. 14. The former world champion Qamar Zaman is also a close relative.
Career
After winning the title Chief of Air Staff U-11 squash championship in 2016, Hamza was invited by the Pakistan Squash Federation to register as a trainee. At the start of his international career, he won the U-15 British Junior Open Squash championship in 2020. The following year, he came out on top in the 2021 U-19 US Junior Open squash championship. He secured a bronze medal at the 2022 Men's World Junior Squash Championships.
However, the highlight of his young career arrived in July 2023, when Hamza won the World Junior Squash Championship held in Melbourne, Australia. He defeated Muhammad Zakaria of Egypt by a score of 3-1 in the final. He is the first Pakistani to win the championship since Jansher Khan's accomplishment in 1986.
In June 2024, Hamza won the Boys’ Under-19 title at the 31st Asian Junior Squash Championship in Islamabad, downing Malaysia’s third seed Harith Danial in straight sets 11-5, 12-10, 11-9.
| 2.203125
| 0
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74429646
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayr%20Thistle%20F.C.%20%281886%29
|
Ayr Thistle F.C. (1886)
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Ayr Thistle Football Club was an association football club from Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland.
History
The club was founded at a meeting at the Cattle Market Hotel in Ayr on Christmas Eve in 1886, on the basis that "the prestige of the Ayr Football Club seems to be a little on the wane, and interest in football matters generally seems to be dying"; the other senior club in the town, Ayr Rovers, was evidently not worthy of consideration. The club took the name Ayr Thistle in emulation of the previous club of that name.
The Thistle's first match was on New Year's Day, at home to Hurlford, and the attraction of the new team - plus the strength of its side - was such that Hurlford preferred the friendly to playing in the Ayrshire Charity Cup against Ayr Rovers. The Thistle still had not had time to build up a team, and borrowed Monaghan - who had recently moved from Ayr F.C. to Queen of the South Wanderers - to play in goal, but Thistle had still recruited Andrew Young from Ayr as captain, as well as M'Creadie, M'Lauchlan, John Fergusson, and Jack from the Ayr side. Despite the lack of team practice, and the strength of a Hurlford side which held the Ayrshire Cup, the home side only lost 6–4.
The club was too late to enter the Ayrshire Cup for 1886–87, but did enter in 1887–88, as well as the 1887–88 Scottish Cup, having joined the Scottish Football Association in August 1887. It lost both of its first round ties 8–2; at Kilmarnock in the national and Kilbirnie in the county. In Kilmarnock tie, Thistle briefly looked as if it could pull off a surprising comeback, bringing the score from 5–0 at half-time to 5–2 going into the last quarter of the game, but Kilmarnock scored three late goals. Kilbirnie was so comfortable in the county tie that it could undertake some tactical experimentation by swapping the backs and the wings.
| 2.03125
| 0
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74430556
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main%20Customs%20Office%20%28Munich%29
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Main Customs Office (Munich)
|
Since 1807, Bavaria had a well-organized financial administration that included a General-Zoll- und Maut-Direktion (General Customs and Toll Directorate). In 1819, the royal authorities were reorganized under the 1818 constitution of the Kingdom of Bavaria under Maximilian von Montgelas, and a tripartite structure was established consisting of the Direktion (Directorate), Hauptzollämtern (Main Customs Offices), and subordinate Zollämtern I. und II (Customs Offices I and II). As the system evolved, in 1874, the main customs office in Munich moved to a building designed by Friedrich Bürklein on Bayerstraße near Munich's main train station. Subsequently, in 1880, the customs and toll directorate was integrated into the new Royal General Directorate for Customs and Indirect Taxes, bringing tax offices under the purview of the main customs offices. Later 1901, a second main customs office was established in Haidhausen, at the Munich East station to cover the eastern part of Munich up to the district court of Schwaben.
| 2.046875
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74430684
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witch%20%28archetype%29
|
Witch (archetype)
|
The witch archetype embodies this shadow self, representing the unacknowledged desires, instincts, and fears that are often relegated to the depths of the unconscious. For example, a person who identifies strongly with the witch archetype may struggle with feelings of being an outsider or having unconventional beliefs, resulting in social isolation or self-doubt.
Archetype of the witch
The witch archetype, deeply embedded in the collective unconscious, finds expression in myths, folklore, literature, and art across cultures. From ancient goddesses to contemporary representations, the witch's image evolves while retaining its core symbolism. The "young witch" (A−) archetype is associated by Neumann with the Terrible Mother, seduction, and the negative anima. The "old witch" (M−) is associated with psycho-spiritual death mysteries and the Terrible Mother. Isis, goddess of healing, magic and mysteries, also has her dark side and embraces elements of both Good and Terrible Mothers. Sophia, archetype or goddess of wisdom, and an archetypal Virgin (A+) counterpart to motherhood, is associated with the positive.
In society, the fear and misunderstanding of the witch archetype can lead to the projection of these repressed aspects onto individuals who may be seen as different or unconventional. Historical witch hunts and persecutions are stark examples of how collective anxieties around the archetype can be channeled into harmful actions. The vilification of those who exhibit traits associated with the witch, such as independence, wisdom, and defiance of norms, can result in the suppression of individual expression and the perpetuation of social injustices.
In art and literature
Witches have a long history of being depicted in art and literature.
| 2.34375
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74430684
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witch%20%28archetype%29
|
Witch (archetype)
|
, a ninth-century text that explored the subject of demonology, initially introduced concepts that would continuously be associated with witches, such as their ability to fly or their believed fornication and sexual relations with the devil. The text refers to two women, Diana the Huntress and Herodias, who both express the duality of female sorcerers. Diana was described as having a heavenly body and as the "protectress of childbirth and fertility" while Herodias symbolized "unbridled sensuality". They thus represent the mental powers and cunning sexuality that witches used as weapons to trick men into performing sinful acts which would result in their eternal punishment. These characteristics were distinguished as Medusa-like or Lamia-like traits when seen in any artwork (Medusa's mental trickery was associated with Diana the Huntress's psychic powers and Lamia was a rumored female figure in the Medieval ages sometimes used in place of Herodias).
One of the first individuals to regularly depict witches after the witch-craze of the medieval period was Albrecht Dürer, a German Renaissance artist. His famous 1497 engraving The Four Witches, portrays four physically attractive and seductive nude witches. Their supernatural identities are emphasized by the skulls and bones lying at their feet as well as the devil discreetly peering at them from their left. The women's sensuous presentation speaks to the overtly sexual nature they were attached to in early modern Europe. Moreover, this attractiveness was perceived as a danger to ordinary men who they could seduce and tempt into their sinful world. Some scholars interpret this piece as utilizing the logic of the , in which women used their mental powers and bodily seduction to enslave and lead men onto a path of eternal damnation, differing from the unattractive depiction of witches that would follow in later Renaissance years.
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74431175
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen%20Phillips%20Samuel%20Memorial
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Ellen Phillips Samuel Memorial
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Criticism of historical accuracy
According to the aPA, the memorial presents "a narrow view of the history of America as it lacks an authentic Indigenous perspective; presents an enslaved Black person in shackles, and highlights primarily white European immigrants". Susan Myers, a member of the aPA and project manager of the Steel Bodies exhibit, stated regarding the memorial, "As any kind of memorial that’s talking about the emblematic history of America, it’s complicated. It’s from one perspective usually. That can lead to some representation issues". A 2023 article from cultural critic Rosa Cartagena in The Philadelphia Inquirer stated that the memorial did not accurately reflect the role of "Black Americans, people of color, and women" in American history, while cultural critic Peter Crimmins of WHYY.org referred to the memorial as "problematic", calling particular attention to how The Slave is the only statue in the garden that depicts an African person and how Settling the Seaboard "suggests a false complicity from Indigenous people regarding the westward expansion of the new American nation". A 2023 article on PhillyVoice.com also highlighted the lack of diversity among both the sculpture subjects and sculptors, noting that Hassinger was the only black artist to have their work exhibited at the site.
| 1.953125
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74432310
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farahi%20school
|
Farahi school
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Understanding of the Sunnah
The Farahi school considers the only thing that is identifiable as Sunnah to be that which is religious by nature, in outlining this, Dr. Ghamidi puts it into perspective that the Prophet Muhammad did many things customary of Arab society. Though none of it can be termed to be Sunnah. In contrast, the school alleges that the Prophet Muhammad was entirely fallible in wordly matters, pointing to several narrations in the canonical collections in order to reinforce this point. Consequently, the source of the Sunnah is the consensus of the Muslim community. This understanding is not innovative, but reflects an earlier, more ancient understanding of the Sunnah. Daniel W. Brown writes that “to many early Muslims, by contrast, the Sunna and ḥadīth remained conceptually independent, and the two concepts did not fully coalesce until after al-Shafiʿi. We especially notice a dissociation between ḥadīth and Sunna in early historical reports, where Sunna is often used generically signifying nothing more than acceptable social norms or custom.” Thus, the call echoed by various groups calling for a return to the “Book of God and the Sunnah of the Prophet” was a call to a set of principles used to establish justice. That this was the earliest Muslim understanding of the Sunna is confirmed by various epistles and tracts written during the 8th century.
Fundamentals of Belief
The Farahi school holds a specific set of doctrines as authoritative, these fundamentals are derived from a specific understanding of the Qur’ān and Sunnah, they have been further expounded upon through various means within the school.
The Farahi school of Islamic theology holds to the following religious principles:
The Qur’ān is regarded as the Mīzān (the scale) and the Furqān (distinguisher between right and wrong). It is the scale upon which everything related to faith must be weighed, on it, and it is the decisive argument in every matter of faith. Everything in the religion must stand in subservience to its verdicts.
| 2.421875
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74432719
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanniebelle%20Curtis
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Fanniebelle Curtis
|
Fanniebelle Curtis (November 28, 1867 – November 14, 1943), born Fannie Isabella Curtis, was an American educator. She was kindergarten director of New York City, and head of the Kindergarten Unit of the American Red Cross during World War I.
Early life and education
Curtis was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, the daughter of David Seymour Curtis and Cornelia Isabelle Raymond Curtis. Her father was commissioner of streets and sewers in Norwalk. Her grandfather was Stiles Curtis, a politician and bank president. Her older brother Frederick Stiles Curtis and his family served as Presbyterian missionaries in Japan, Korea, and China. She trained as a teacher at the Connecticut State Normal School in New Britain, with further studies in New York with Jerome Allen.
Career
New England
In 1884, Curtis assisted Clara W. Mingins in opening the first kindergarten in Connecticut, in New Britain, then headed the kindergarten at the state normal school in Willimantic for three years. She was president of the Connecticut Valley Kindergarten Association. She was director of kindergartens in Newton, Massachusetts from 1893 to 1894, then taught at the normal school in New Britain. In summer 1895 she ran the special kindergarten department at Norwich.
New York
Curtis was director of kindergartens in Brooklyn, New York from 1897 to 1912. She was vice-president of the Brooklyn Kindergarten Union. "Under her enterprising hand several practical helps have found their way into the city kindergartens, such as the Brooklyn Sand Table Blocks," according to an 1899 report. She served on the executive committee of the Department of Pedagogy at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, and chaired its kindergarten committee.
| 2.578125
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74432735
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaves%20of%20Pearls
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Leaves of Pearls
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The Zay Tree and the Tay Falcon
Orientalist Wheeler Thackston collected a Kurdish tale titled The Zay Tree and the Tay Falcon. In this tale, a king has three sons, two from a first wife, and the third from a second wife. He is also going blind, and only the titular zay tree and tay falcon can cure him, located in the city of fairies, guarded by demons and beyond Mount Qaf. The three sons each depart on a journey, and the youngest reaches a city whose leader proposes a riddle for him regarding the behaviour of living things being defined by nature or nurture, using cats as an example. He answers it wrong and flees the city to a cave in the mountains, where he releases a maiden from a demon and obtains a magic box that summons two magic slaves. The third prince continues on his quest and reaches a second city, whose king and army he defeats with the help of the magic slaves and makes them convert from "fire-worshipping" to Islamism. He finally reaches a large mountain and orders his slaves to bring him a steel stake, pegs, hammers, and a rope, then climbs the mountain to the other side where he reaches a palace. He climbs down the rope and arrives at a room full of guardian dogs and horses, and trades their fodder (straw for the horses, bone for the dogs), kept the former way so that they would always be hungry and sound against intruders. The third prince, next, arrives at the door to the location of the tree and the falcon, decorated with bells. Summoning the slaves, he produces pieces of cotton to muffle the alarm bells, and enters the chambers of an asleep queen of the fairies. He kisses her on the cheek, and a blue mark appears on her face. He also switch the positions of four lamps around the queen, unties 39 of 40 knots on her pants, takes the tree and falcon and summons his slaves to bring him to the top of the palace.
| 2.390625
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74432735
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaves%20of%20Pearls
|
Leaves of Pearls
|
Usuf Shah and his Brothers, Gul and Simo
Orientalist Hellmut Ritter collected a Kurmanji tale from a source in Tur Abdin. In this tale, titled Ūsufşā und seine Brüder, Gul u Sīmō (English: "Usuf Shah and his Brothers, Gul and Simo"), a sultan has three sons, ‘Amarshah, Fēlūshah and Usufshah. One day, he is going blind, and the royal seers, divining through the sand, prescribe that only the golden doves that eat golden grains on a golden plate are the cure, for, if they coo near the sultan's eye, he will recover his sight. The elder princes Amarshah and Felushah ride on a quest for the doves and reach a three-way crossroad where an old dervish stands. The dervish explains that the paths lead to Aleppo, Istanbul and a third to the place of going or not returning. The elder princes divert their way and go to Aleppo. Back to Usufshah, the young prince, he journeys after his brothers and meets the same dervish, whose beard he grooms. In return, the old man warns Usufshah about the Black Dev the prince will find on his journey. Usufshah meets and defeats three Devs, the Black one, the Red one, and lastly the White one, releasing three captives, three sisters. In gratitude, the third princess advises him where he can find the pair of doves: he will ride directly into fierce animal guardians (lions, panthers and snakes), then he will reach a castle, where he is to open a close door and close an open one, exchange the fodder between two animals (meat for a lion, hay for a mare), and finally he will find the owner of the doves, a maiden named Bnafschanārîn; the prince is to climb over her, fetch the doves and rush away, since the maiden's servants and palace will alert her. The prince follows the instructions, gets the doves and rushes back. He then goes to collect the Dev's prisoners, and the group make their way to the dervish, who the prince asks to look after the girls, for he will go to Aleppo. Usufshah enters Alepp, finds out his brothers have been made into servants, and buys their freedom back.
| 2.390625
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74432735
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaves%20of%20Pearls
|
Leaves of Pearls
|
Wakhi people
Philologists Aleksandr Gryunberg-Tsvetinovich and Mikhail Ivanovich Steblin-Kamensky collected a tale from a Wakhi informant that lived in Shkhawr, Afghanistan, with the title "Царица с Волосами в Сорок Гязов" ("The Queen with the Forty-Gyaz Hair"), which was translated into French language as La reine eux cheveux long de quarante gazes. In this tale, a king has three beloved sons from a first wife, and one that he hates from a second wife. One night, he sends a maid to hear what they are talking about: the three elder are asleep, while the youngest mentions about a Pearl that Shines in the Night, located in Mount Kof. The maid reports back to the king and he decides to send his three elder sons after the pearl, in fine horses, and the youngest with a lame mount. The four princes reach a crossroads, and go their separate ways: the elder three to the safe road that allows return, and the youngest to the road of not returning. The fourth prince finds and defeats a Black Div, a White Div and a Red Div. After saving another king, the grateful monarch tells him that the prince needs to reach the Simurgh, a large bird that lives in a tree, but its chicks are always menaces by a multiheaded dragon. With this advice, the prince traverses steppes and deserts until he reaches the Simurgh's nest and kills the multiheaded dragon to protect its nestlings. The Simurgh, in return, agrees to take him up Mount Kof, in exchange for feeding the bird with meat.
| 2.609375
| 0
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74432887
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian%20Medal
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Humanitarian Medal
|
The Humanitarian Medal is a British award intended to recognise the efforts of those involved in providing aid and support to human welfare during or in the aftermath of a humanitarian crisis. The medal is awarded to people that have responded to emergencies both in the United Kingdom or overseas.
Background
In July 2023, a new award was instituted that would recognise the efforts of workers in various types of humanitarian crisis. This award was to be awarded to people employed by various organisations, including but not limited to the armed forces, civilian services, civilian health care organisations and charities.
Description
The obverse of the medal features the effigy of the sovereign, while the reverse consists of a laurel wreath interwoven with a banner containing the words "For Humanitarian Service".
The medal ribbon, wide, consists of a central white stripe, representing civilians and peace, with narrow stripes of red, light blue, dark blue and purple either side. The red stripe is intended to represent humanitarian organisations, light blue to represent the NHS, with the other two colours representing other services.
Similar to military awards such as the General Service Medal, the Humanitarian Medal will be awarded just once, with service undertaken for different situations recognised through the award of a clasp to the medal itself.
Qualification
Qualification for award of the Humanitarian Medal comes under a range of different criteria:
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74433005
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Malacca%20%281551%29
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Siege of Malacca (1551)
|
The siege of Malacca of 1551 was a military engagement that took place in the Malay Peninsula, between the Portuguese Empire and the allied forces of the Sultanate of Johor, the Sultanate of Pahang, the Sultanate of Perak and the Sultanate of Jepara in Java. The Portuguese were victorious.
Context
In 1536, the Sultanate of Johor signed a peace treaty with Portugal after the captain of Malacca Dom Estevão da Gama razed Johor. By 1551 however, the Sultan of Johor Alauddin Riayat Shah II disregarded the peace treaty and without provocation forged a coalition with the Sultan of Pahang, the Sultan of Perak and the queen of Jepara in Java to attack Portuguese Malacca.
The siege
In late June 1551, the Malay-Javanese fleet of 150 Malay lancharas, 6,000 Malay warriors, 40 Javanese junks and 4,000 Javanese warriors anchored by the coast of Sumatra in front of Cape Rachado and dispatched an ambassador to Malacca to try and convince the captain of the city Dom Pedro da Silva that they were passing by to attack the Sultanate of Aceh and to send him as many soldiers as he could to help. Suspecting a ruse, Dom Pedro instead dispatched vessels to the region to warn of the presence of the armada, recall all Portuguese soldiers away from the city, and bring back supplies, while ordering the garrison to prepare for an attack.
Realizing the ruse had failed, the Javanese landed and attacked the villages in the vicinity of the city, while the Malays attacked the Malacca harbour. The Malays landed and began building siege-works, barricades and assembling artillery.
| 2.609375
| 0
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74433193
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jussi%20Merinen
|
Jussi Merinen
|
Juho Rikard Merinen (20 October 187320 April 1918) was a Finnish trade unionist, politician and member of the Parliament of Finland, the national legislature of Finland. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he represented Turku Province North between May 1907 and July 1908. He was executed by the White Guard during the Finnish Civil War.
Early life
Merinen was born on 20 October 1873 in Tyrvää. He was educated at folk school and Satakunta Agricultural Society's sculpture school. He worked as a carpenter and a farmhand in Tyrvää.
Trade unionism, politics and death
The Stormi Workers' Association (Stormin työväenyhdistystä) was founded in May 1906. Merinen, together with his brother August Merinen and Kalle Tyrvää from Laukula, were the key figures behind the association and Jussi was its first chairman. Merinen was a speaker at the first general crofters meeting (Ensimmäinen yleinen torpparikokous) organised by the Social Democratic Party in 1906. He was elected to the Parliament of Finland at the 1907 parliamentary election. He also contested the 1908, 1913 and 1917 parliamentary elections.
Following the outbreak of the Finnish Civil War, the local branch of the social democrats took over the function of the local municipal council. None of the members of the Stormi Workers' Association met with the local Red delegation nor were they appointed to the institutions set up by delegation. Stormi Workers' Association members weren't Red Guard officers either. Later, the Red Guards established a regional council in Stormi, primarily for civil administration purposes, which included members of the Stormi Workers' Association.
After their victory in the Battle of Karkku in April 1918, most of the leaders of the Stormi Workers' Association were killed by the White Guard. Merinen was executed by the White Guard on 20 April 1918 in Tyrvää. He was buried at Tyrvää Church. In September 2018 a new monument to 527 Reds killed in the civil war, including Merinen, was inaugurated at Tyrvää Church.
| 2
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74434153
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crandell%20Park
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Crandell Park
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Crandell Park is a public park in Eaton County, Michigan covering about . The park is located about 2 miles east of Charlotte. The entrance to the park is off Michigan highway M-50. It is Eaton County's newest park, being established in 2017. Crandell Lake (located within the park) is Eaton County's largest lake at in size.
Crandell Park was established in 2017, after Eaton County purchased the land for US$3.9 million in 2016 from a local resident named Randy Crandell. The transaction was made possible due to a Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) grant. The grant covered 75% of the cost, and Crandell donated the remaining 25%.
Facilities
The park is available to the public for recreational use. The walking trail that goes around the lake is a just under long. A few recreational activities available to park goers include kayaking, canoeing, fishing, walking, running, and bird watching. Parking is located at the southeast section of the park, right on M-50. Also located in the same area of the park are restrooms and a kayak launch.
Highways
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74434519
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9raza%20culture
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Véraza culture
|
The Veraza Culture was a Chalcolithic culture that extended over the half north of Catalonia and the southern French departments of Aude and Pyrénées-Orientales, in a period between 3500 and 2000 BC.
Dwellings
The hamlets were usually in plains, without defensive structures (Camp del Rector, La Prunera). The huts were aerial, as postholes were used to keep the structure, other huts had instead a stone basement (Ca n'Isach, El Coll), and even others were partially excavated on the ground (Can Vinyals).
Artifacts
Clothing was advanced as a spindle whorl used to create textiles was found in Bòbila Madurell site (Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona province). Metallurgy was used and some beads made of gold and copper are known.
Burials
The Veraza people were responsible for erecting many of the megalithic monuments in the region where they were settled, as was the case with the dolmen Lo Morrel dos Fados, Pépieux (Aude).
Other burials known from the Véraza culture were caves (Cova del Frare, Cau de la Guineu), artificial caves with megalithic entrance known as paradolmens (Rec de la Quarentena, Costa de Can Martorell), collective pits, and hypogea.
Menhirs were erected like those of Mollet, Sitja del Llop or Ca l'Estrada.
Genetic profile
| 3.234375
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74434853
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20E.%20Crawford
|
David E. Crawford
|
David Eugene Crawford (December 26, 1869–?), was an American banker, lawyer, and real estate investor in Boston, Massachusetts. He founded Eureka Co–Operative Bank of Boston in 1910, the first Black-owned cooperative bank in the nation.
Early life and education
David Eugene Crawford was born on December 26, 1869 in Lynchburg, Virginia. He attended Hampton Institute (now Hampton University) from 1884 to 1887; followed by study at Northeastern College (now Northeastern University) from 1900 to 1904.
He married Almira G. Lewis on December 23, 1894; together they had four children.
Career
In 1907, Crawford was admitted to the Bar. He was involved in local civic movements and worked with the New England Suffrage League. He served as treasurer of Ebenezer Baptist Church, where he was also a parishioner.
Crawford served as manager and treasurer of Eureka Co-operative Bank of Boston, which he founded in 1910. It was at 936 Tremont Street. Robert G. Smith was its president and J. W. A. Crawford, D. E. Crawford, F. N. Johnson, S. L. Merchant, R. G. Smith, and J. B. Stokes its board of directors.
In 1916 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in Chicago.
He had a home address of 14 Wellington Street in Boston. Crawford had extensive real estate holdings, including 936, 938, and 940 Tremont Street in Boston. He also owned commercial properties and apartment complexes.
| 2.265625
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74435010
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisela%20McDaniel
|
Gisela McDaniel
|
Gisela Charfauros McDaniel (born 1995) is an American visual artist of Indigenous Chamorro (or CHamoru) descent, working primarily with oil painting. McDaniel was born in Bellevue, Nebraska. She has lived in Detroit.
Background and career
Gisela McDaniel was born in 1995 at a military hospital in Bellevue, Nebraska, United States. She grew up in Cleveland, Ohio, and attended an all-women’s high school on the Eastside of Cleveland. McDaniel's holds a bachelor of fine arts from the University of Michigan (2019). Her mother, Antoinette CHarfauros McDaniel is a Chamorro scholar native to Guam, a U.S. Territory. McDaniel was named to Forbes 2024 "30 Under 30" list for Art & Style.
After graduating from college in 2019, the artist moved to Detroit, where she established a studio to live closer to her relatives and to find emotional support after surviving sexual violence from a former partner and while studying abroad in Florence, Italy. The tragic event became central in her artistic practice as both a coping mechanism and a way to create a platform for other survivors of gender-based violence to feel honored. McDaniel's paintings are mainly portraits of female and non-binary subjects who identify as Black, Chamorro, Pacific Islander, Indigenous to Turtle Island, Asian, Latinx, and/or mixed-race and had experienced trauma.
McDaniel's work combines motion-activated audio components featuring excerpts of interviews and conversations between the painter and her sitters about experienced traumas. She refers to them as her “subject-collaborators.” In the words of critics, she creates paintings that "talk back" to viewers.
In 2022, the artist presented the solo show “Manhaga Fu’una” at Pilar Corrias in London, in which she displayed paintings that incorporated found objects or donated materials ranging from clothing to recycled or broken jewelry.
She was named Forbes 30 Under 30 in 2024, alongside artists Kathia St. Hilaire and Akea Brionne.
| 2.375
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74435050
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel%20Vincent%20Mayell
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Lionel Vincent Mayell
|
Lionel Vincent Mayell (4 February 1897 – 31 August 1978) was a Canadian born real estate developer and promoter who is credited with pioneering the concept of "own-your-own-apartment" (later known as condominium ownership) in the western United States in the early twentieth century.
Early life
When Lionel Vincent Mayell was born on 4 February 1897, in London, Ontario, Canada, his father, Arthur Mayell, was 33 and his mother, Una Verda Peters, was 30. It is said he was so small that his parents used a drawer for his crib.
Mayell was seven when his brother, Carman, was born. However, when the family left Canada for a new life in California, seven-year-old Carman contracted dysentery and never recovered. Carman died in Los Angeles on 6 January 1910.
Career
As a young man, the diminutive Mayell—he stood just 5' 2" tall—spent summers working at a tuna packing plant while he attended Occidental College, a private liberal arts college in Los Angeles. After graduating college Mayell may have attended law school. Mayell became enchanted with the idea of modern, communal apartments that would be owned by the residents. By the early 1920s easterners were flocking into southern California, and many needed affordable housing.
Mayell formed a corporation, raised capital, and in 1921–1922 built his first own-your-own apartment complex which he named the Artaban. The building is located at 10 Atlantic Boulevard in downtown Long Beach, and still serves as studio and one bedroom condos. However, parking was not so much in demand in 1921, and the Artaban of 2023 suffers from a lack of that crucial California amenity.
| 2.125
| 0
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74435122
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteostriata%20subtilis
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Luteostriata subtilis
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Luteostriata subtilis is a species of land planarian belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae. It is known from specimens found in Brazil.
Description
Luteostriata subtilis has an elongate body with parallel margins, reaching up to 62 mm in length. The dorsum is a light yellow color with two black lateral stripes. Under a stereomicroscope, three inconspicuous, discontinuous stripes can be seen: one median and two paramarginal. These are usually invisible to the naked eye. The ventral side of the body is a pale yellow color. The head region is an orange color that fades into the light yellow of the rest of the body.
The pharynx is bell-shaped, reaching about 5% of the body length. Below, rather than above, the opening of the ejaculatory duct, a large fold in the male atrium distinguishes the species from others in the genus.
Etymology
The specific epithet of L. subtilis is derived from the Latin word subtilis (fine, slender, precise), in reference to the species' subtle, thin stripes on the dorsum, as well as the very subtle internal differences between it and L. ceciliae.
Distribution
Luteostriata subtilis is only known from its type locality, which is the municipality of Cambará do Sul in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| 2.734375
| 0
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74435133
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20trial%20of%20Jessie%20Costello
|
Murder trial of Jessie Costello
|
On July 27, 1933, the prosecution began calling expert witnesses. Dr. J. Stewart Rooney testified that he found cyanide in Bill Costello's brain, kidney, and liver tissue by using the Prussian blue test. The stomach contained a "gelatinous substance or mucoid" in Costello's stomach, which suggested the possibility that he had ingested the poison via a gelatin capsule. He tested the potassium cyanide purchased by Jessie Costello by feeding it to two guinea pigs. They both died within two minutes. Rooney also testified that a livid spot on the right side of Costello's chest indicated that he had died while laying on his right side, not on his back as he had been found.
Toxicologist Dr. William F. Boos presented the theory that Costello had been poisoned by a capsule containing potassium cyanide. According to Boos, if Costello ingested such a capsule on an empty stomach, he would have died within 10 minutes. He testified Costello's cause of death was hydrocyanic acid, which formed when potassium cyanide mixed with hydrogen chlorine in the stomach. The small area of irritation on Costello's stomach was also consistent with cyanide and because it had not spread to a larger area indicated that his death was almost immediate.
The government's final planned witness was Samuel Kerr, a life insurance agent who presented a letter from Costello that he received the day before his death which asked for his $3,000 policy to be cashed in and for a $75 loan on his $2,000 policy. The prosecution contended that this letter showed that Costello was not contemplating suicide. The government also admitted the life insurance policies, in which Costello denied having any illnesses or diseases, into evidence.
| 2.46875
| 0
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74435162
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20Baltic%20inflow
|
Major Baltic inflow
|
Very large MBIs have occurred in 1897 (330 km3), 1906 (300 km3), 1922 (510 km3), 1951 (510 km3), 1993/94 (300 km3), and 2014/2015 (300 km3). Large MBIs have on the other hand been observed in 1898 (twice), 1900, 1902 (twice), 1914, 1921, 1925, 1926, 1960, 1965, 1969, 1973, 1976, and 2003. The MBI that started in 2014 was by far the third largest MBI in the Baltic Sea. Only the inflows of 1951 and 1921/1922 were larger than it.
Previously, it was believed that there had been a genuine decline in the number of MBIs after 1980, but recent studies have changed our understanding of the occurrence of saline inflows. Especially after the lightship Gedser Rev discontinued regular salinity measurements in the Belt Sea in 1976, the picture of the inflows based on salinity measurements remained incomplete. At the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (Warnemünde, Germany), an updated time series has been compiled, filling in the gaps in observations and covering Major Baltic Inflows and various smaller inflow events of saline water from around 1890 to the present day. The updated time series is based on direct discharge data from the Darss Sill and no longer shows a clear change in the frequency or intensity of saline inflows. Instead, there is cyclical variation in the intensity of MBIs at approximately 30-year intervals.
Effects on the state of the Baltic Sea and its ecosystem
Major Baltic inflows (MBIs) are the only natural phenomenon capable of oxygenating the deep saline waters of the Baltic Sea, making their occurrence crucial for the ecological state of the sea. The salinity and oxygen from MBIs significantly impact the Baltic Sea's ecosystems, including the reproductive conditions of marine fish species such as cod, the distribution of freshwater and marine species, and the overall biodiversity of the Baltic Sea.
| 2.265625
| 0
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74435162
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20Baltic%20inflow
|
Major Baltic inflow
|
The heavy saline water brought in by MBIs slowly advances along the seabed of the Baltic Proper at a pace of a few kilometers per day, displacing the deep water from one basin to another. Although some oxygen is transported from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea, only a small portion of the oxygen responsible for renewing the deep basins originates from the Baltic Sea entrance area. In the southwestern basins of the Baltic Sea (Arkona sea, Bornholm basin), there is already oxygen present in the water column, and the role of the saltwater pulse is to entrain and direct it towards the deep basins of the sea.
It has been observed that the oxygen supplied by saline inflows is consumed more rapidly in the Baltic Proper than before. In 1993, the oxygen replenishment was depleted in about 17 months, in 2003, it took approximately 13 months, and in 2015, it was exhausted in just six months.
The intense oxygen consumption in the Baltic Sea's seafloor is due to prolonged nutrient loading and the impacts of climate change. Although a single MBI can oxygenate both the deep water hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, multiple consecutive inflows would be required to raise the oxygen level to a satisfactory level. The so-called "oxygen debt" was estimated to be about 20 million tons in 2020. This is the amount of oxygen that should be transported to the Baltic Proper via saline inflows to raise its oxygen concentration to the 3 mL/L level observed after the MBI of 1993. With a single 200 km3 MBI, approximately 2 million tons of oxygen are transported.
| 2.515625
| 0
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74435668
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20Khan%20Maragha%27i
|
Ali Khan Maragha'i
|
Ali Khan Maragha'i (; 1807/08–1867) was a 19th-century Iranian official who served as the farrash-bashi (court minister) during the early reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar ().
Biography
Ali Khan was the son of a certain Hossein Khan Moqaddam Maragha'i. He was a member of the Moqaddam tribe of Maragheh, which had assisted the Qajars in their earliest military operations. At a very young age, Ali Khan started working as a golam-bacha (court page) under prince Mohammad Mirza (the future monarch Mohammad Shah Qajar) during the latters governorship of Maragheh. Following Mohammad Mirza's appointment as heir apparent in 1834, Ali Khan was appointed as his shanduqdar (master of the wardrobe). Mohammad Mirza was crowned as shah later that year, which led to Ali Khan's appointment as the khvansalar (chief of the royal household). Ali Khan became well known for both his role in the execution of the former prime minister Amir Kabir and his persecution of the early Babis.
In 1865/66, Ali Khan was given the position of wazir-e wazayef va awqaf (minister of pious foundations) and in 1866/67 he was additionally given the governorship of Hamadan. He died in Tehran on 1 August 1867 and was buried at Qom. His sons held important government offices; the most well-known was Mohammad Hasan Khan E'temad os-Saltaneh, who wrote a number of important books on Qajar history.
| 2.015625
| 0
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74435866
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroki%20Kamemoto
|
Hiroki Kamemoto
|
is a Japanese musician, best known as lead guitarist of the rock band Glim Spanky since 2007. Formed while the members were in high school, the group made their major label debut in 2014 and consists of Kamemoto and vocalist and rhythm guitarist Remi Matsuo.
Early life and joining Glim Spanky
Hiroki Kamemoto was born in the rural Zakoji village of Iida, Nagano, Japan on August 24, 1990. He has always been a fan of soccer and took lessons as a child. But because he was the only boy from his school there, he joined his elementary school's baseball club. The first CDs Kamemoto ever bought were SMAP's "Sekai ni Hitotsu Dake no Hana" and Naotarō Moriyama's "Sakura". However, he then fell in love with the rock bands Glay and L'Arc-en-Ciel, and realized he wanted to play music over soccer. He started playing guitar in his first year of high school after seeing bands like Glay on television. Kamemoto bought an electric guitar from a Yahoo! Auction for about 8,000 yen, but did not have enough money for an amplifier, and so played without one. He and a friend who was also just starting an instrument formed a band, and he became more and more engrossed in music.
| 2.046875
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74435980
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Park%20%28California%29
|
Lake Park (California)
|
Lake Park is of privately owned public open urban green space on the south side of SoFi Stadium, part of the Hollywood Park complex in Inglewood, California, United States. of parkland surround the six acre lake. The stadium and park are central to the with several public art works.
The landscape of the park is integral to the design of the area while also being used for stormwater harvesting. At deep and holding close to of water, it captures 70-80% of the rainwater in the entire complex. This reclaimed water amounts to annually used to water the entirety of the greenery throughout the stadium park and its surrounding streetscapes. In addition to its use in sustainable water usage, the lake is designed to be an aesthetic addition to the American Airlines Plaza with the Lake Park Overlook viewing platform having a wide view of the stadium’s curved form. The upper and lower portions of the lake are separated by cascading waterfalls.
Activities
The park is connected to the rest of the site through of park spaces and landscaped plazas. The park includes a stage for outdoor performances. The park is used as a space to distribute public service handouts or sell official merchandise.
The lake and adjacent landscaping can be attractive to large flocks of migrating birds which is undesirable since the lake is under the flight path of Los Angeles International Airport. Hawks and other raptors are used on a regular basis to discourage birds from the site. While the hawks merely fly around and return to the falconer for a food reward, they appear to the birds to be a real threat.
| 2.171875
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74436012
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dix%20Windmill
|
Dix Windmill
|
The Gov. John Adams Dix Windmill, originally constructed on property owned by the Governor of New York John Adams Dix in 1870, is a historic windmill located in Westhampton Beach, New York in the United States. It is a "smock"-style windmill, named after the 8-sided style that resembles the smocks (petticoats) traditionally worn by farmers and millers. The windmill was designed to pump water for agriculture, livestock, and household purposes, rather than for milling corn or wheat or sawing timber.
Origins
The windmill holds historical significance as it was originally built on property owned by Gov. John A. Dix, who served as the governor of New York state from 1872 to 1874. After his death, the property was inherited by his son, the Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, who later sold it to Desmond Dunne, Brooklyn Commissioner of Public Works, in 1902.
The windmill has survived the Hurricane of '38 and is now being considered for entry on the National Register of Historic Places. Currently, there are eleven restored early windmills on Long Island, but none that pumped water.
| 2.453125
| 0
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74436157
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maffeo%20Vallaresso
|
Maffeo Vallaresso
|
Maffeo Vallaresso or Valaresso (1415–1494) was a Venetian patrician, Renaissance humanist and prelate who served as the archbishop of Zadar (Zara) from 1450 until his death. A doctor in canon law and a collector of Greek and Latin manuscripts, he tried unsuccessfully on at least four occasions to be transferred to a more prestigious see.
Early life
Vallaresso was born in the confino (district) of in Venice in 1415. He was the eldest son of the patrician Giorgio di Vittore (died 1466) of the and Maddalena di Giovanni of the Loredan family. Through the influence of his uncle, , archbishop of Crete, he received a canonry in the cathedral of Treviso with a prebend worth 40 florins and the right of administration in absentia when he was only ten years old in 1425. In 1432, he took up residence in Treviso and received minor orders.
Vallaresso received a humanistic education, initially at the Scuola di Rialto under Paolo della Pergola. He also studied under Guarino Veronese. In 1435, Pope Eugene IV exempted him from the obligation to reside in Treviso and he began studies at the University of Padua. He completed an arts degree in 1439 and received a doctorate in canon law on 26 May 1445. During his time at Padua, he received two Cretan canonries with exemption of residence, one in the cathedral of Candia and another in the cathedral of Chersonasus.
On 4 April 1449, Pope Nicholas V named Vallaresso protonotary apostolic. From Rome he sent an anonymous letter to the Council of Ten accusing Cristoforo Cocco of sharing state secrets with Alfonso V of Aragon. Identified and recalled to Venice, he was interrogated by the council, which finally accepted his accusations. On 1 July 1450, through the influence of the Venetian cardinal Pietro Barbo, he was appointed archbishop of Zadar by Pope Nicholas. He resigned his three canonries and, after wintering in Venice, arrived in Zadar on 14 February 1451.
Archbishopric
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74436157
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maffeo%20Vallaresso
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Maffeo Vallaresso
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As archbishop, Vallaresso restored the cathedral and the archiepiscopal palace. He was also a reformer who often clashed with the clergy of his diocese, especially that of the cathedral of Zadar, and with the suffragan bishops of his province. Although he spent most of his pontificate in Zadar, he was in Padua between May 1459 and September 1460. In 1463, he travelled to Rome to resolve a dispute concerning the will of Bishop Natalis of Nin. He accompanied Pope Pius II to Ancona, where the pope died. On his return to Rome, his old patron, Pietro Barbo, was elected pope as Paul II. He resided in the Palazzo Venezia in Rome from 1466 to 1471. He sought but never received a transfer to a more prestigious diocese.
On 26 June 1468, he was present as a witness in the house of Cardinal Bessarion when the latter donated his library of Greek and Latin manuscripts—the future Biblioteca Marciana—to the Republic of Venice. Also present were Francesco Barozzi, Bartolomeo Barbarigo, Pietro Foscari, Antonio Natale, Valerio di Viterbo, Ottaviano de Martinis de Suessa and the Venetian ambassador Paolo Morosini.
With the death of Paul II in 1471, Vallaresso returned to Zadar. When the Venetian government sent congratulations to Paul's successor, Sixtus IV, they included a list of fifteen Venetian clergymen they thought worthy of promotion. Vallaresso was on the list, but nothing came of it. In 1474, he joined the Canons Regular of San Giorgio in Alga. In 1476, he travelled to Venice to defend himself before the Patriarch of Venice against accusations by his archdeacon concerning the mishandling of tithes. In 1481, he put himself forward to the Venetian Senate as a candidate for the vacant bishopric of Padua. In 1485, he was a candidate for the bishopric of Treviso. In both cases he was passed over.
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74436606
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Song%20of%20Old%20Joe%20Swallow
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The Song of Old Joe Swallow
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"The Song of Old Joe Swallow" (1890) is a poem by Australian poet Henry Lawson.
It was originally published in The Bulletin on 24 May 1890 and subsequently reprinted in several of the author's other collections, other newspapers and periodicals and a number of Australian poetry anthologies.
Critical reception
Writing in The Australian Town and Country Journal about the author's collection, In the Days When the World was Wide and Other Verses, a reviewer noted that this poem has "a swinging, haunting refrain, a melodious simplicity and pathos which rival his contemporary on the other side of the globe, Rudyard Kipling."
Publication history
After the poem's initial publication in The Bulletin it was reprinted as follows:
In the Days When the World was Wide and Other Verses by Henry Lawson, Angus and Robertson, 1900
Humorous Verses by Henry Lawson, Angus and Robertson, 1941
The Penguin Book of Australian Verse edited by Harry Heseltine, Penguin Books, 1972
Poems of Henry Lawson edited by Walter Stone, Ure Smith, 1973
A Campfire Yarn : Henry Lawson Complete Works 1885-1900 edited by Leonard Cronin, Lansdowne, 1984
A Collection of Australian Bush Verse Peter Antill-Rose, 1989
Our Country : Classic Australian Poetry : From Colonial Ballads to Paterson & Lawson edited by Michael Cook, Little Hills Press, 2002
Note
Henry Lawson used the name "Joe Swallow" as a pseudonym under which he published two poems: "The Water-Lilies" in 1891, and "A Stranger on the Darling" in 1892.
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74436706
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Asian%20Games%20opening%20ceremony
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2022 Asian Games opening ceremony
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The 2022 Asian Games opening ceremony was held on 23 September 2023, at the Hangzhou Sports Park Stadium in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. The ceremony began at 8:00 PM China Standard Time (UTC+8) and finished at 10:15 PM local time, lasting two hours.
Background
The 2022 Asian Games ceremony was choreographed by Sha Xiaolan (沙曉蘭), who was one of assistant directors to Zhang Yimou during the opening and closing ceremonies production unit.
The ceremony reutilised the World's Largest LED Mesh Screen provided by Zhongrun Optoelectronics with an area equivalent to 9 IMAX giant screens. This screen was also used during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympic ceremonies. It is highly transparent, light, waterproof and easy to be installed. Zhongrun Optoelectronics also provided the dance floor with anti-slip and high temperature resistance. Meanwhile, YES TECH delivered 2000sqm of LED displays and innovative solutions with their flagship MG7S series, the world’s first indoor-outdoor versatile and floor tile screen application.
The opening ceremony, billed as a "green event", made heavy use of drone arts and electronic flashes did not feature any fireworks. One segment also had a theme of "Water in Autumn Glow", a reference to Hangzhou's water resources and role as the terminus of the Grand Canal, it was marked the Mid-Autumn Festival in China. Dance performances with a backdrop featuring city history was also present.
President Xi Jinping officially opened the 2022 Asian Games. Chinese Olympic Champion and swimmer Wang Shun lit the cauldron.
The Flag and Anthem of China
The national flag of China was brought into the stadium by 8 Armed Police personnel. A choir performed the "March of the Volunteers", the national anthem of the People's Republic of China.
Proceedings
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74436919
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%202023%20Ohio%20Issue%201
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November 2023 Ohio Issue 1
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The "yes" campaign drew support from Ohio medical organizations, doctors, economists, trade unions, editorial boards, reproductive rights groups, and several religious organizations. They argued that a "yes" vote would further limited government, protect bodily autonomy and religious liberty, while preventing interference with patient-physician privacy. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, alongside other professional associations of doctors, campaigned in favor of Issue 1. In August 2023, former President Donald Trump, who appointed three of the Supreme Court justices who voted to overturn Roe v. Wade, condemned six-week abortion bans, including Ohio's, as going "too far" and a "terrible mistake". Religious groups were generally divided on the issue.
Ohio's Issue 1 was the first time since the Dobbs decision that voters of a red state were asked whether to enshrine abortion protections in their state constitution. As such, the referendum's approval was widely interpreted as evidence for a national consensus in favor of broad abortion rights. Among those between 18 and 24 years old, an estimated 76% voted "yes" on Issue 1. Some conservative political analysts and commentators called a continued alliance with the anti-abortion movement "untenable" and an "electoral disaster", and urged the party to adopt a more pro-choice stance on the issue. Exit polling indicated that 61% of Ohioans agree that abortion should be legal in most or all cases, versus 37% who disagree.
Text
Be it Resolved by the People of the State of Ohio that Article I of the Ohio Constitution is amended to add the following Section:
Article I, Section 22. The Right to Reproductive Freedom with Protections for Health and Safety
A. Every individual has a right to make and carry out one's own reproductive decisions, including but not limited to decisions on:
contraception;
fertility treatment;
continuing one's own pregnancy;
miscarriage care; and
abortion
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74437041
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADjar%20River
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Híjar River
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Until it reaches Reinosa, the Híjar passes through the towns of La Lomba, Entrambasaguas, Villar, Celada de los Calderones, Naveda, Espinilla, Paracuelles, and Villacantid, and now under the name of "Ebro", Fontibre, Salces and Nestares, having traveled 28 kilometers.
Etymology
There is no certainty about the origin of the hydronym "híjar". This name is applied to other Spanish toponyms in Teruel, Granada and Albacete to which Julián Aydillo and Madoz attribute an Arabic etym meaning "rocky height". However, unlike the aforementioned regions, the scarce Muslim penetration in these lands makes this etymology unlikely for this geographical area. Other authors attribute to this voice an archaic Indo-European origin, which would be used to name the fluvial currents or some of their characteristics.
Another alternative would be to derive this word from "guijar", or place where "guijos" abound - which are "sharp stones". This last option is supported by the fact of the abundance of "sharp stones" through which the river flows, especially at its source, among cliffs and rocks, and by the existence of other toponyms in the area that allude to crags or sharp stones, such as "Cueto Iján". Aijadas are also known as the hazel sticks ending in a sting with which the cows pulling the hay wagons were driven. The first stretch of the river up to Entrambasaguas runs precisely under the cliffs of "Piedra Aguda" (sharp stone).
| 2.171875
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74437201
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20J.%20Evans
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Victor J. Evans
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Victor Justice Evans (1865-1931) was the founder one of the largest U.S. patent agencies of his time. Victor J. Evans & Company, Patent Attorneys, was founded in 1898. Evans built up a thriving business based in part on his willingness to offer full refunds to inventors if they were unsuccessful in securing the patents they desired.
By the 1920s, Evans' firm was described as the “largest patent firm in the world”. In addition to its headquarters location in Washington, D.C., it had offices in New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago and San Francisco. The Victor Building, headquarters of the firm, has a long history as an important Washington DC office building. It was initially completed in 1909 at Grant Place NW (now G Place) and 9th Street near the Patent Office. It was expanded twice, in 1911 by architect Appleton P. Clark Jr., and in 1925 by architect Waddy Butler Wood.
Evans' interests included aeronautics, exotic animals, and Native American artifacts and artworks. He had his own private zoo. His collection of art and artifacts was considered one of the largest in the world at the time. He was a significant supporter of the Smithsonian National Zoo, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History leaving them animals from his private zoo and art and artifacts from his Native American collection on his death.
Patents and patent law
Victor Justice Evans was born in Delaware, Ohio, and lived in Minnesota before his family moved to Washington, D.C. Evans became a patent draftsman when he was 18, working with the firm J. Henry Kiser. There he learned about patents and patent law.
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74437422
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra%20de%20Leyre
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Sierra de Leyre
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The railroad from Pamplona to Sangüesa crossed this place by means of two tunnels, when the railway service disappeared, the track was converted into a track.
Flora and Fauna
Flora
The proximity of the mountain range to the Pyrenees and its belonging to the Mediterranean basin makes it the limit between both systems. In its forests there are abundant species such as beech and Scotch pine as well as the Pyrenean fir, the forest of this species located in the ravine of Basari in Burgui is the southernmost of the Iberian Peninsula.
In the interior of the foces a very rich and diverse riparian forest is formed. It abounds in linden, ash, maple, rowan, hazel and elm trees. On the shelves that form on the walls of the foces inhabit some relevant species because of their endemic character or their extreme biogeographic position, some of them are Saxifraga longifolia, Sarcocapnos enneaphylla, Saponaria glutinosa and Petrocoptis hispanica. On the southern slopes there is an abundance of holm oak, oak, kermes oak and gall oak groves, while the northern slopes are covered with Scots pine and some remains of beech trees which have replaced the gall oak groves, this expansion has been spurred by the profitability that pine trees produce for the inhabitants of the villages in the area.
Fauna
In the Sierra de Leyre there are characteristics that help the avian richness to be important. The abrupt foces allow many birds of prey to nest on their walls. The Foz de Arbayún is home to the largest colony of griffon vultures in Navarre and the second largest in the Iberian Peninsula in terms of the number of nesting pairs. Along with the vultures, Egyptian vultures, bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus), eagles have also been recorded. In other foces, such as Lumbier, there is evidence of the existence of eagle owls, red-billed choughs and peregrine falcons, and golden eagles can also be seen. In the rivers, otters can be seen without difficulty.
| 2.859375
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74437711
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympian%205
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Olympian 5
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Olympian 5, 'For Psaumis of Camarina', is an ode by the 5th century BC Greek poet Pindar.
Background
The race with the mule-car was introduced at Olympia in 500 BC, and put down by proclamation in 444. The present Ode was probably composed for a victory won by Psaumis with the mule-car in 448. Such a car is implied by the term ἀπήνας, in line 3.
Summary
The nymph of Camarina is asked to accept the worship of Psaumis, who has done her honour by his victories (1–6). On his return from Olympia, he celebrates the holy grove of Pallas and the local lake, and the two rivers; and also, by swiftly building a forest of lofty houses, brings his people out of perplexity (9–14).
Toil and cost are involved, while the mere chance of victory is in view, but success makes even fellow-citizens give a victor credit for wisdom (15, 16).
May Zeus Soter of Olympia bless Camarina, and permit Psaumis to reach a hale old age, while he rejoices in victorious steeds. Let him be content with health, wealth, and renown (17–24).
Analysis
Some suppose that Olympian 4 and Olympian 5 both refer to the same victory, namely a victory with the mule-car, which was possibly won in 456, four years before the victory with the horse-chariot of 452, recorded in two MSS. On this view, Olympian 4 was sung in the festal procession, and Olympian 5 at the banquet. A scholium in the Ambrosian and five other MSS states that Olympian 5 was not in the original texts (ἐν τοῖς ἐδαφίοις), but was nevertheless assigned to Pindar in the annotations of the Alexandrian grammarian, Didymus.
| 2.40625
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74437826
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan%E2%80%93Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan%20Railway%20Project
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Uzbekistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan Railway Project
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The Uzbekistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan Railway Project is an extensive project undertaking with the objective of creating a direct railway link between Uzbekistan and Pakistan, passing through Afghanistan's territory. This project aims to enhance trade and logistics efficiency by establishing a 573-km rail connection that would connect Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, to Kabul and Peshawar, the capitals of Afghanistan and a provincial capital of Pakistan, respectively.
Project Details
The estimated cost of the project is US$4.8 billion, and its implementation is anticipated to strengthen trade relations between Pakistan and Central Asia. The trilateral agreement spanning 760 kilometers was signed by Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan, aiming to significantly reduce cargo delivery times between Uzbekistan and Pakistan by approximately five days.
The railway route will traverse through Termez, Mazar-i-Sharif, and Logar in Afghanistan, and continue to the Kharlachi border crossing in Pakistan's northwestern Kurram district. Designed to facilitate both passenger and freight services, the railway is poised to foster regional trade and contribute to overall economic growth in the area.
Gauge
Three different gauges are involved:
Iran in the West (1435mm)
Afghanistan in the middle (1435mm)
Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in the North (1520mm) with dual gauge (1435mm) to bypass two breaks of gauge.
Pakistan in the South (1676mm)
China in the East (1435mm)
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78784541
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%20Moldovan%20energy%20crisis
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2025 Moldovan energy crisis
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On 1 January 2025, at 07:00 EET (05:00 UTC), Ukraine stopped the transit of Russian gas to Europe through its territory. The supply of gas to Transnistria through Ukraine stopped earlier, on 31 December at 19:50 EET (17:50 UTC). As a result, heating and hot water were cut off in Transnistria. An exception was made for healthcare and residential care facilities. Gas supplies were suspended for the private sector and rural areas, and the use of gas for cooking was permitted until the pressure of the network dropped to a critical level. Transnistrian president Krasnoselsky stated that "we knew about this possibility [the end of the transit of gas], prepared for it and were not caught off guard".
The Cuciurgan power station switched from gas to coal for power generation exactly at midnight on 1 January. Coal reserves would reportedly allow for 50 to 52 days of supply, during which Transnistria was to have guaranteed electricity. However, the Moldovan government's crisis centre reported on 4 January that coal reserves for the power station would only last until the end of January, after which Transnistria would be left without electricity. The Dubăsari Dam would remain operational in such case, but its production capacity was much lower, of 24 megawatts at that moment. Regarding gas reserves, Transnistria's amounted to as of 1 January, initially reported to be enough for 10 days in the north of the region and 20 days in the south, only to be used for cooking and not for heating. However, it was announced on 8 January that Transnistrian localities were consuming an average of of gas per day, so gas reserves would last for 24 days.
| 2.046875
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78784545
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deriades
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Deriades
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King Deriades is a prominent figure in Greek mythology, featured as the king of the Indians in Nonnus of Panopolis epic poem, Dionysiaca. He serves as the primary antagonist to Dionysus during the god's mythical campaign to conquer India.(The term "Indian" in Greco-Roman literature typically referred to the peoples of the Indus Valley ).
Mythological background
King Deriades is described as the son of Hydaspes, the god of the river Hydaspes (modern-day Jhelum River in the Punjab region), and Astris, a celestial nymph. His divine lineage ties him to the natural elements of his homeland and positions him as a powerful mortal adversary.
Deriades ruled over the Indian (Modern day Indus Valley) forces and led the resistance against Dionysus, who sought to spread his cult and establish his divinity in the East.
Role in the Dionysiaca
In the Dionysiaca, King Deriades is portrayed as a formidable and proud ruler, embodying resistance to Dionysus's divine mission. Some key aspects of his role include:
Leader of the Indian Army
Deriades commands a vast coalition of warriors, often described in grandiose terms. His army includes mighty champions such as Colletes, and his forces are depicted as exotic and immensely powerful.
Conflict with Dionysus
Deriades defies Dionysus's claim to godhood and refuses to accept his cult. This sets the stage for a series of epic battles between the armies of Dionysus and the Indus Valley forces.
Defeat and Death
Despite his valor and the strength of his army, Deriades is ultimately defeated. His death signifies the triumph of divine will and the inevitable success of Dionysus's mission.
Cultural and historical context
Although Deriades is a fictional character, his story in the Dionysiaca draws inspiration from the Greeks' historical encounters with the Indus Valley, particularly during Alexander's invasion of the Indus Valley in 326 BCE. The Greek conception of "India" blended real geography with mythological imagery, and Deriades embodies this synthesis.
| 3.125
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78784557
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tboung%20Khmum%20Kingdom
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Tboung Khmum Kingdom
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Tboung Khmum Kingdom ( ) was a former political entity of the Kuy people that existed around the 14th to 16th centuries in the central Mekong Valley, covering some parts of present-day northeast Cambodia, southern Laos, and northeastern Thailand. Its capital was annexed by Cambodia in the 16th century, while the remaining communities in the north evolved into the multi-ethnolinguistic polities that later became part of Laos and Thailand.
Records of the Tboung Khmum Kingdom are limited. The only surviving evidence is the Longvek Chronicle, written by the Khmer king Ang Eng, and it is sporadically mentioned in the Siamese royal text in the Ayutthaya and early Rattanakosin periods.
Location
Tboung Khmum Kingdom was located in the north of the present-day Kampong Thom province of Cambodia and was said to cover Stung Treng and eastern Preah Vihear provinces of present-day Cambodia, Salavan and the other 3 southernmost provinces of modern Laos, and some parts of Si Sa Ket and Ubon Ratchathani provinces of Thailand. It bordered Phimai of the Ayutthaya Kingdom at the Khayung Creek ( to the west and reached the Annamite Range to the east. To the north met a group of polities and adjoined Cambodia to the south and southwest.
History
Independent kingdom
The Tboung Khmum Kingdom of the Kuy people was first mentioned in the Khmer Longvek Chronicle, which was given to the Siamese king Rama I by his adopted Khmer son Ang Eng in 1786. The chronicle was translated to Thai and was kept in the near the . But now the original Khmer language version has been lost. The latter part of the chronicle mentions the struggle for the throne by the Khmer royal family after the death of King in 1468. One of Noreay Ramathuppdey's lineage, , requests help from the King of Tboung Khmum against .
| 2.25
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78785007
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/489P/Denning
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489P/Denning
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489P/Denning is a Jupiter-family comet with an orbital period of 9.4 years. It was discovered by William Frederick Denning on 26 March 1894 but was subsequently lost until 2024, when asteroid was identified as the same object.
Observational history
William Frederick Denning was searching for comets from Bristol, England, when on 26 March 1894 he found a faint object in Leo Minor. The next few days the magnitude of the comet was reported to be about 11. The comet also featured a tail about 5 arcminutes long. The comet upon discovery had passed both the perihelion and closest approach to Earth and was becoming fainter. In April the comet was observed as very faint and elongated. Few observations were made in May. The comet was last detected on 5 June 1894. It is possible the comet experienced an outburst in 1894.
The first orbit was calculated by Lipót Schulhof with positions from 27 to 31 March and indicated a parabolic orbit with perihelion on 13 February 1894. However, by mid April he suspected that the comet deviated from the orbit. The first elliptical orbit he calculated, with positions from 27 March to 25 April, had a perihelion date of 9 February and an orbital period of 6.74 years. Other orbits calculated were 7.94 years by Lewis Boss, 6.79 years by Schulhof, 6.76 years by John Russell Hind, and 7.70 years by Hind.
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78785072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen%20Gream%20Ommanney
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Owen Gream Ommanney
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Lieutenant-Commander Owen Gream Ommanney (11 September 1898 – 4 November 1985) was a British colonial administrator in British North Borneo (now Sabah) in the early part on the twentieth century.
Biography
Owen Gream Ommanney, born on September 11, 1898, in Mortlake, East Sheen, England, was the eldest of five children of his father, Francis Frederick Ommanney, and his mother, Olive Caroline. The 1911 Census, conducted on April 2, 1911, lists Ommanney as a boarding student at a private school in Folkestone. The house at the address Feltonfleet, Shorncliffe Road, remains an elite school today, known as “Earlscliff.”
Shortly thereafter, in May 1911, the twelve-year-old joined the Navy, serving as a cadet on a training ship until August 1914. His general behavior was described as “satisfactory” in his service record, however, he was also marked as “zealous and capable”.
From August 1914, O.G. Ommanney participated in World War I with the Navy in the rank of Midshipman. His first ship was the HMS Irresistible, which was heavily damaged and had to be abandoned during the Dardanelles Campaign. Ommanney was among those who were rescued from the sinking ship and subsequently served on the HMS Egmont and the HMS Queen Elizabeth, among others. He concluded his Navy service on March 31, 1923, with the rank of Lieutenant.
On April 16, 1923, he was hired by the North Borneo Chartered Company as a Cadet. His personal skills likely played a minor role in this hiring: his grandfather, Capt. Sir Montagu Frederick Ommanney, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., I.S.O. (1842 - 1925), had been a member of the “Court of Directors” since 1912, and his grandson's appointment was certainly a mere formality.
On July 21, Ommanney boarded the Hakozaki Maru of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha Line under the Master R. Shimidzuin London, arriving in North Borneo on September 5, 1923.
| 1.929688
| 0
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78785149
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viridothelium%20sinuosogelatinosum
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Viridothelium sinuosogelatinosum
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Viridothelium sinuosogelatinosum is a species of crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This corticolous (tree bark-dwelling) lichen is characterised by its pale olivaceous-brown thallus and its unique , which are surrounded by a wavy gelatinous sheath. It was discovered in the Amazonas state of Brazil, within the Adolfo Ducke Forest Reserve near Manaus.
Taxonomy
Viridothelium sinuosogelatinosum was formally described in 2022 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia Cáceres, as part of a broader study aimed at cataloging the lichen biodiversity within a small area of the Amazon rainforest. The species epithet, sinuosogelatinosum, alludes to the distinctive wavy (sinuoso) gelatinous sheath that envelops the , highlighting one of its most distinguishing features.
Description
The thallus of Viridothelium sinuosogelatinosum is crustose (crust-like), , and has a dull pale olivaceous-brown colouration. It does not have a prothallus bordering it. The ascomata (fruiting bodies) are single, either or pear-shaped, measuring between 0.4 and 0.6 mm in diameter, and are black in colour. The ostioles are apical or slightly off-centre, dark brown with a pale dot in the centre, and concave.
The (a tissue composed of filamentous hyphae) lacks any oil droplets. Ascospores are produced eight per ascus, are hyaline (transparent), and 3(–4)-septate. They measure 33–37 by 8–11 μm, and are long-ellipsoid in shape with rectangular . Each spore is encased in a wavy gelatinous sheath up to 5 μm thick. No pycnidia (asexual fruiting bodies) have been observed to occur in this species.
Spot tests performed on the thallus show no reaction to ultraviolet light, and negative results for standard lichen substances reactions (C, K, KC, P).
| 2.4375
| 0
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78785342
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Crane%20Young
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Thomas Crane Young
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Thomas Crane Young (February 28, 1858 - March 2, 1934) was an American architect.
He was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. His father was an officer in the Civil War in the 14th Wisconsin regiment. The family moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan before Young left school. He worked for the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad and then obtained a scholarship to Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. After two years he went to Europe to study at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris and at Heidelberg University, after which he took a job in Boston for the architectural firms of Van Brunt & Howe and E. M. Wheelwright.
He joined in business with William S. Eames in St. Louis, forming the form Eames and Young. The firm gained many important commissions, including federal prisons in Atlanta, Georgia, and Leavenworth, Kansas.
Young was opposed to some of the practices of Washington University architectural school, including the requirement for elaborate drawings and the habit of holding architectural competitions, which he described as "undignified ... What other class of men except architects could be induced to risk the money, time and nervous force involved in these expensive contests on so slim a chance of return?"
Young was Mayor of Webster Groves, Missouri, from 1901 to 1903, and President of the St. Louis Chapter of the AIA from 1909 to 1910.
| 2.3125
| 0
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78785499
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draupner%20wave
|
Draupner wave
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The Draupner wave, also known as the New Year's wave or Draupner freak wave, was a rare freak wave that was the first to be detected by a measuring instrument. The wave, determined to be in height, was recorded on 1 January 1995 at Unit E of the Draupner platform, a gas pipeline support complex located in the North Sea about southwest from the southern tip of Norway.
Background
The Draupner platform rig, located in the Norwegian North Sea and 16/11 offshore from Norway, was built to withstand a calculated 1-in-10,000-years wave with a predicted height of and was fitted with state-of-the-art sensors, including a laser rangefinder wave recorder on the platform's underside.
Accompanying storm
On 31 December, a low pressure system was located over Sweden, with a north-western motion. This system produced large waves over the North Sea, although none would be of significance. Early the next day, a polar low would form over the Norwegian portion of the North Sea, which produced heavy winds that would set up the formation of the Draupner wave.
Discovery
The wave itself was first detected at 15:24 UTC on 1 January 1995 by a downward-pointing laser beam located on the Draupner S platform. The laser beam recorded a rogue wave with a maximum wave height of . Peak elevation above still water level was . The reading was confirmed by the other sensors. The platform sustained minor damage in the event. In the area, the SWH at the time was about , so the Draupner wave was more than twice as tall and steep as its neighbors, with characteristics that fell outside any known wave model. The wave caused enormous interest in the scientific community.
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78785626
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Ustechko%20%281916%29
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Battle of Ustechko (1916)
|
The Battle of Ustechko was a military engagement between troops of the Russian Empire and Austria-Hungary. Taking place between January and March 1916, the battle was part of World War I. On 19 March, after a few months of pressure, Russians captured the enemy bridgehead over the Dnister river around the village of Ustechko, Ternopil Oblast, nowadays south-western Ukraine. Actions at Ustechko were coordinated with the start of Russian Lake Naroch offensive against German forces and also the final success of Russian attempt to break Austro-Hungarian lines in Bukovina, starting with their January 1916 offensive.
Prelude
Thanks to the Central Powers armies successes during the summer and autumn of 1915, Russian army began their Great Retreat and moved its positions far more east, behind some of the mayor rivers. In autumn Austro-Hungarian troops secured a bridgehead across the Stokhod near and south of the village of Ustechko, which could eventually serve as an important starting point of the following offensive actions. As Ustechko bridgehead became one of the eastest positions held by the Central Powers in the region, Austro-Hungarians fortified the post in a half-circle shape and several stronghold points defended by machine guns or field cannons.
Russians gained a new initiative at the end of 1915, as they launched the battle of the Strypa River in late December 1915. The offensive of the 9th army in the Dniester region had only an auxiliary purpose and after some minor military gains, like the advance near the city of Chernogorod, on 13 January, General Alekseyev gave the order to freeze the fighting. Neverthenless, after the replacement of General Ivanov for General Brusilov at the position of the Russian high command, who decided to continue in pushes in Dnister front, Ustechko bridgehead became in January 1916 de facto permanently besieged and until the mid-March faced several Russian attacks.
Battle
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78785910
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highbank%20Power%20Station
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Highbank Power Station
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The Highbank Power Station is a small run-of-the-river-hydroelectric power station in the Ashburton District of the South Island of New Zealand. Owned and operated by Manawa Energy, the station generates power from the Rangitata Diversion Race (RDR) irrigation scheme when agricultural water demand is low. Water is discharged into the Rakaia River when the station is generating. On the Minister of Works, Bob Semple, opened the power station, and "set the 36,000bhp in motion". Additional equipment installed at the site in 2010 enables pumping of water from the Rakaia River back up the penstock to increase the water availability in the RDR for agricultural irrigation during the peak summer months.
Construction
The Highbank Power Station was constructed as part of the Rangitata Diversion Race (RDR) irrigation scheme by the Public Works Department.
The primary purpose of the RDR scheme was for the irrigation of farmland, not the generation of electricity.
This irrigation diversion race is the source of the water for the Highbank Power Station. When agricultural demand for water is low the water is used by the station to generate electricity, this is typically during the winter months.
Work began in the early 1940s, starting with the construction of an access road.
The outbreak of World War II saw the project delayed due to manufacturing, material, and manpower shortages. The project's completion in June 1945 followed the completion of the RDR in September 1944.
An unfortunate event was the sinking by enemy action of the ship which was carrying to New Zealand the stator for the generator at Highbank. This necessitated the manufacture of a new stator in England.
There was considerable damage by flooding in the area of the Highbank irrigation and power scheme due to floods in February 1945. This necessitated the village of Highbank being relocated upstream of the powerhouse and a new approach road made.
Power house
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78786159
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20Museum%20of%20Archaeology%20Chemnitz
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State Museum of Archaeology Chemnitz
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The building was designed and planned at the end of the 1920s by Erich Mendelsohn as a department store for the Schocken brothers' retail group. Construction began in July 1929 and it opened on 15 May 1930. With over 700 employees, the department store became an important economic factor in the city of Chemnitz. In 1933, the antisemitic Chemnitz Combat League for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (Nationalsozialistischer Kampfbund für den gewerblichen Mittelstand) put the Schocken department store on the list of stores that the population should avoid. The Schocken family was expropriated after the November pogroms of 1938 and had to emigrate to Palestine and the USA. On 9 December 1938, the company was renamed Merkur Kaufstätte Aktiengesellschaft, under which the department store operated from 1 January 1939. After the end of the war, Merkur Kaufstätte AG was expropriated. The State Insurance Institute, the People's Solidarity and the Chemnitz Consumers' co-operative moved into the department store, which was only slightly damaged. The consumer cooperative gave up the department store in October 1950. At the beginning of 1952 the building was taken over by the Handelsorganisation. At the beginning of 1965 the department store was affiliated to the newly founded Association of People's Owned Department Stores Centrum (Vereinigung Volkseigener Warenhäuser Centrum), based in Leipzig. The former Tietz and Schocken department stores were henceforth known as Centrum Department Stores (Cenrum Warenhäuser). In February 1991 the Kaufhof Warenhaus AG took over the department store, but later sold it again. After a long period of vacancy from 2001, work on converting it into an archaeology museum began in 2010. The client was the "PVG Projektierungs- und Verwaltungsgesellschaft Schocken mbH". The extensive conversion was carried out by the consortium of architects Auer Weber Stuttgart and Knerer and Lang Dresden. The exhibition design was carried out by Atelier Brückner Stuttgart.
| 2.296875
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78786301
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Vali%20Mirza
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Mohammad Vali Mirza
|
In 1807, Firuz al-Din Mirza attempted to capture Mashhad, which Yusuf Ali Khan had secretly urged. The Naqshbandi murshid (teacher) Sufi Islam and the leader of the Sunni clergy in Herat, Hajji Mulla Musa, also supported Firuz al-Din Mirza. However, on 29 June 1807, Firuz al-Din Mirza was defeated at the battle of Shada by Mohammad Vali Mirza's deputy, Mohammad Khan Qajar. 4,000–6,000 Heratis were killed, including Sufi Islam. Mohammad Khan Qajar then besieged Herat, forcing Firuz al-Din Mirza to surrender after forty days and agree to pay two years worth of income. Firuz al-Din Mirza's inability to pay tribute and his suspected plans to regain control of Ghuriyan prompted the next Iranian attack against Herat in July 1811. Firuz al-Din Mirza quickly surrendered when Mohammad Vali Mirza and his army almost reached Herat. He then resumed paying tribute through his son Malik Hossein Durrani.
By the summer of 1813, Mohammad Vali Mirza's did not have good relations with Khorasan's aristocracy. The author of Nasekh-ol-tavarikh-e salatin-e Qajariyeh considered this to have been caused by his treatment towards them; "Whenever he detected a hint of rebelliousness among the great ones… he would fly into a rage and abuse their ancestors and descendants with filthy language. The nobles of that territory suffered these ignominies for years unable to give vent to the darkness in their hearts…" After the Iranian territorial losses near the conclusion of the Russo-Iranian war of 1804–1813, the aristocrats of Khorasan decided to take advantage of the situation. The decision to get rid of Mohammad Vali Mirza was made by Eshaq Khan and the other Khorasani aristocrats at a meeting held in the Gorgan Plain.
| 2.046875
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78786564
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaiul%20Fagului
|
Plaiul Fagului
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On the slopes of hills and valleys, individual areas of steppe and meadow vegetation have been preserved here and there. The flora of the reserve includes 909 species, including 645 species of vascular plants, 151 species of fungi, 48 species of lichens, 65 species of mosses. 270 species of plants are considered rare for the flora of Moldova, 82 are specially protected, of which the fern Dryopteris austriaca, Lunaria spp., Orthilia secunda, Pyrola rotundifolia, Padus avium and Telekia speciosa are known in Moldova only within the reserve.
Fauna
The fauna of the reserve, as well as of the whole of Moldova, due to the long-standing development of the territory, is quite poor in large species of wild animals and birds. The bison, brown bear, lynx, and black grouse that used to live here disappeared from the fauna of Moldova more than 100 years ago.
Currently, 49 species of mammals, about 142 species of birds, 8 species of reptiles, 12 species of amphibians and 65 species of invertebrates of the soil fauna are registered in the fauna of the reserve. Large ungulates are represented by the following species: wild boar, European roe deer, and the reintroduced European red deer. These ungulates are quite common in the forests of the reserve. Recently, the fauna has been replenished with fallow deer and Far Eastern sika deer.
Of the mammals found here, rodents are the most common, with 18 species recorded, while predators are less numerous (8 species), and insectivores (6 species) and 4 species of bats are at the bottom of the list. Among the predators are the European wildcat listed in the Red Book of Moldova, the forest and stone marten, the badger, the common fox, the polecat, and the weasel. There are 3 subspecies of squirrels.
| 2.8125
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78786676
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix%20Mar%C3%ADa%20del%20Monte
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Felix María del Monte
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Felix María del Monte (November 19, 1819 – April 23, 1899) was a Dominican poet, playwright, journalist, orator, politician and teacher. He participated in the independence struggles that culminated with the proclamation of the Dominican Republic. He served as deputy and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Justice. He composed the first National Anthem, with music by Juan Bautista Alfonseca, which was in force until 1884.
Early life
He was born in 1819 in the city of Santo Domingo during the España Boba era. His father, José Joaquín del Monte, like many Dominicans, had fled the island to evade the Haitian incursions of 1801 and 1805. This was the case as his older brother, Manuel, was born in Puerto Rico, a nearby Spanish colony, in 1804. The family returned to the island when Juan Sánchez Ramírez reincorporated the colony to Spain after victory in the war of reconquest in 1809.
Political career
He later served as part of the secret independence society La Trinitaria. He participated in the events of Puerta del Conde during the feat of February 27, 1844. He wrote the lyrics of the first Dominican National Anthem in 1844, whose music was composed by Colonel Juan Bautista Alfonseca.
He turned out to be the first Dominican to obtain the title of lawyer in the First Republic period, which was issued to him by the Supreme Court of Justice on August 11, 1845. That same year, he, along with Nicolás Ureña de Mendoza, founded El Dominicano, the first newspaper of the Dominican Republic. Years later, he served as Dean of Lawyers in his capacity as the oldest lawyer. His oratory was one of the most vibrant during the first two republics, perhaps due to his work El Porvenir (1854).
He later lived in exile on the island of Puerto Rico in 1855 and wrote El arp del proscrito and the Sonnet A mi patria, after the annexation to Spain in 1861 by the Dominican dictator Pedro Santana.
| 2.71875
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78786825
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphine%20Philippe-Lema%C3%AEtre
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Delphine Philippe-Lemaître
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Lemaître conducted a study on the barony of Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle to clarify a historical fact relating to the history of the Dukes of Normandy, by providing irrefutable testimonies that Guillaume Longue-Épée, second Duke of Normandy, had not married Sprota, daughter of Herbert, Count of Senlis. Instead he had married Liutgarde, daughter of Héribert, Count of Vermandois. Lemaître showed that Sprota was only a dalliance of this prince and that after his assassination, after she had been forgotten and abandoned by everyone, she was taken in by Asperleng, a wealthy man and owner of the barony of Saint-Philbert, who married her. What had made several historians mistakenly accept the marriage of Duke William to Sprota was that this Duke, intending to retire to the monastery of Jumièges and having no children by his wife Liutgarde, recognized as his successor his son Richard, the fruit of his adulterous union with Sprota. After Lemaître published her research with numerous and conclusive proofs (already treated by Licquet in his History of Normandy), the question was closed for further debate.
The most enduring work left by Lemaître is her History of the Town and Castle of Dreux, about which writer Amélie Bosquet said that it "must place its author in the first rank among those erudite minds to whom it belongs to clear the thorny field of our local antiquities." Lemaître also researched the Roman roads of Roumois and she intended to write the history of the churches of the district of Pont-Audemer. She had already published several quality articles on this subject in the Bulletin Monumental as well as other notices about Montfort, Appeville, Brestot, and mainly on the stained glass windows of the church of Saint-Ouen in Pont-Audemer, when she died on 10 June 1863 in Illeville-sur-Montfort (Eure).
Memberships
Lemaître was a member of several professional societies: the Société d'Émulation, the Norman Association, the French Society for the Conservation of Monuments, and the Antiquaires de Normandie.
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78788330
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta%20Sernander-DuRietz
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Greta Sernander-DuRietz
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Scientific legacy
In addition to her scientific publications, specimens that Sernander-DuRietz collected are in several herbaria including lichens and flowering plants collected from 1911 onwards in the Museum of Evolution Herbarium at Uppsala University and others now held at the University of Oslo and University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her early research on lichen ecology, and collections of specimens, provide useful comparative data for more recent research such as on the ecology of lichens that grow on bark in Sweden.
The endemic at risk New Zealand lichen Pseudocyphellaria gretae (Peltigeraceae) was named after her.
Publications
Scientific publications by Sernander-DuRietz include:
Sernander, G. 1919. Några jämtländska lavfynd. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 13 338–341.
Sernander, G. 1922. En lindholme i Bolmen. Sveriges Natur 13 101–110.
Sernander, G. 1923. Parmelia acetabulum (Neck.) Dub. i Skandinavien. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 17 297–330.
Sernander-DuRietz, G. 1926. Parmelia tiliacea, en kustlav och marin inlandsrelikt i Skandinavien. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 20 352–365.
Sernander-DuRietz, G. 1957. Om yttre faktorers inverkan på apotheciebildningen hos Parmelia tiliacea. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 51 454–488.
Sernander-DuRietz, G. 1969. Förekomsten av Physcia magnussonii Frey i Skandinavien och sydvästra Grönland. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 63 377–386.
| 2.0625
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78788457
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friend%20or%20Foe%20%28novel%29
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Friend or Foe (novel)
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Friend or Foe is a British children's novel written by Michael Morpurgo. It was originally published in Great Britain by Macmillan Education in 1977, and was the third book he authored. The novel is set during World War II, and Morpurgo was inspired to write the book after listening to stories from his aunt and her involvement in the evacuation of children from her school during World War II. In 1982, the novel was adapted into a British independent film by the same name, and in 2011, it was adapted by Daniel Buckroyd for a stage play.
Plot
The year is 1940, and best mates David and Tucky, along with their school chums are being evacuated from London to Devon to escape the Blitz. After a tearful good-bye to their mothers, and carrying nothing but their suitcases and some silly looking gas masks, they are quickly shepherded aboard the underground and travel from Islington to Paddington Station, where they are given name tags to wear. After a long delay, the boys and their mates from school board a train that takes them to Exeter, where they climb aboard a coach that takes them to their final destination; a small village where they will be staying until it is safe to return to London.
Upon arrival at the village, they are taken to the local hall and fed, and then the residents of the village start to arrive, looking over the children and then choosing one child to take home with them. After a bit, David and Tucky are the only ones left, and start to worry they will have no place to go. Just then, a farmer and his wife arrive and the man announces he will not split them up and takes the both of them. They settle into their new lives on the farm, helping out with the chores, accompanied by their new friend, Jip the sheepdog.
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78788457
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friend%20or%20Foe%20%28novel%29
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Friend or Foe (novel)
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The authors also point out the unfairness of the ethical dilemma and moral conflict the boys face after the German soldier who saved David's life, is now asking the boys for help. On the one hand, there is the question of loyalty and duty to their country; immediately sounding the alarm and turning the soldiers in, and on the other hand, the boys also feel a sense a personal responsibility to help them, since one of them saved David's life. The authors sum up their analysis by noting how at the end of the book, when the boys confess to having helped the soldiers, by providing them with food and blankets; the farmer says to Tucky: "tis never wrong to do what you feel is right". They opine that "his simple sentiment provides the implicit moral behind the whole book, a story in which individual conscience must take precedence over national pride and official duty".
Release
The book was originally published in Great Britain by Macmillan Education in 1977. In 2004, a dramatisation of the novel was broadcast by BBC Radio 7, in a special show that was aired live from the Juno Beach Centre in Normandy. It was also adapted for BBC School Radio, in an eight episode format, that featured an educational resource pack for teachers to use in the classroom.
Reviews
Fiona Collins wrote in The Historian that Morpurgo "attempts to broaden the reader's view of the Second World War by writing a story which focuses on German pilots being shot down and found by English children and the dilemma the children find themselves in as a result of this". She also pointed out that "like many of Morpurgo's stories, life is more complex and the boys need to make a choice between doing the right thing and doing what is expected".
| 2.59375
| 0
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78788912
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Allies%20Strike%20Back
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The Allies Strike Back
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The Allies Strike Back, 1941-1943 is a 2017 nonfiction military history book by James Holland. It was published by Atlantic Monthly Press. It is the second book in his The War in the West series, after The Rise of Germany, 1939–1941 (2015).
Overview
The book covers World War II, focusing on events like the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, the North African campaign, and the entry of the United States into the conflict.
Reception
Publishers Weekly gave the book a positive review, writing that it "shifts smoothly between high-level strategy and tactical battlefield events". Col. Eric M. Walters praised the book in the Military Review, writing that it was thoroughly researched and accessibly written.
Frederic Krome, in a review for Library Journal, recommended it as a primer to the Second World War, highlighting its technical depth.
Kirkus Reviews noted that the book was "heavily British-oriented" but gave it an overall positive review. Jerry D. Lenaburg, in a review for the New York Journal of Books, also noted the book's "Anglo-centric flair".
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78789233
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rae%20Bernstein
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Rae Bernstein
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Rae Bernstein Best (April 14, 1904 – June 11, 1999) was an American pianist, based in Chicago. She was called the "second Fannie Bloomfield-Zeisler" by Chicago music critic Herman Devries.
Early life and education
Bernstein was born in London and raised in Chicago, the daughter of Gershon (George) H. Bernstein and Sarah Efron Bernstein. Her parents were both Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire, and her home language was Yiddish. Her father was composer, choir master, and cantor at a synagogue, and he recognized her musical aptitude when she was young. Her impoverished childhood was frequently mentioned in publicity. She studied piano with Glenn Dillard Gunn. She won a scholarship to Juilliard in 1926, and studied with Arthur Freidham.
Career
Bernstein played piano in movie houses, and on WGN radio, as a teenager. She was soon hailed as a "genius", and compared to Fanny Bloomfield-Zeisler. She toured with Rosa Raisa in 1925 and 1926. She performed with the Women's Symphony Orchestra of Chicago, and as a soloist with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. She was especially known for playing works by Beethoven and Chopin. "Her playing is so full of magnetism and vividness that no audience, even an unmusical one, could help sharing her appreciation of the musical beauties which she was showing them," wrote one reviewer of Bernstein's performances in North Dakota in 1928.
Bernstein also taught piano classes at the northwest branch of the Jewish People's Institute in Chicago. She continued to play occasionally for audiences in the 1930s, after she had married and moved away from Chicago. She joined the teaching staff at the School of Radio Arts in Los Angeles in 1940.
Personal life
Bernstein married physician Albert A. Best. They lived in Spokane in 1935, and in Los Angeles by 1940; Dr. Best was a surgeon in Hollywood, where their daughter Davida was born in 1944. Rae Best died in 1999, at the age of 95, in Evanston, Illinois.
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78789474
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwain%20Noot%20Sexton
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Gwain Noot Sexton
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Gwain Noot Sexton (née Gwain Harriette Noot; 1909–2007) was a Canadian-born American children's book author, illustrator, visual artist, and fashion designer. She lived in Los Angeles County for most of her life.
Early life
Gwain Harriette Noot was born on June 11, 1909, in British Columbia, Canada. She was raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, and attended the Model School in Vancouver.
She studied at the Art Students League of Los Angeles, where she met Fred Sexton. The couple married in June 1932, and briefly relocated to France after the marriage. Together they had one daughter. During her time at the Art Students League of Los Angeles, she also met painter James M. Redmond, who painted her portrait in oils.
Career
Her husband Fred Sexton was a witness in the 1949 incest trial of his friend Dr. George Hill Hodel, who was charged by LAPD with multiple counts of sexual abuse with his minor daughter, Tamar. Sexton later admitted his own involvement in the Hodel abuse case, and he took a plea agreement in exchange for his testimony against Dr. Hodel.
Sexton published her first children's book, Maxmilian the Unmerry; There Once Was a King (1959, Charles Scribner's Sons), which she both wrote and illustrated. The story is written in rhyme and is about a unpredictable king named Maxmilian, a wishing stone, and a mouse. Her book was reviewed by The New York Times, the Publishers Weekly, and other newspapers.
| 2.109375
| 0
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78790082
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KayPea
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KayPea
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Kelsie Pelling, better known by the handle KayPea or KayPeaLol, is a Canadian content creator and streamer known for playing League of Legends on Twitch and YouTube.
Early life
Pelling was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. She moved to Singapore with her family when she was eight years old and later moved to North Carolina at age 15 when her parents divorced. After living in North Carolina for a year, she moved back to Vancouver. She has a Bachelor of Arts, majoring in Anthropology, and played basketball while in college.
Career
Pelling began streaming League of Legends in 2013 while in university. She began streaming professionally around 2014 and joined the Twitch partner program in 2015.
In 2018, Pelling was one of four team captains (alongside Pokimane, LilyPichu, and xChocoBars) for a League Of Legends tournament called “Gift The Rift” that raised money for British Columbia SPCA, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Hope for Justice, and Last Chance for Animals. Later that year, she co-hosted ELEAGUE’s Esports 101: League of Legends, a show about League of Legends on TBS.
Personal life
As of 2022, Pelling lives in Toronto. She has two cats, Luna and Ronin. In 2022, she became engaged to fellow League of Legends player, Lucas “Santorin” Kilmer.
| 2.171875
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78790313
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WY%20Velorum
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WY Velorum
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WY Velorum, also known as HD 81137, is a binary system between a variable red supergiant (RSG) and a blue giant companion in the constellation of Vela. It is located approximately distant. Its apparent magnitude slowly varies over the course of years between 8.84 and 10.22. As such, it has been described as an irregular variable, though a rough 550-day period and a more uncertain 370-day period have been detected. The primary star is among the largest stars discovered to date, with an estimated radius of 1,157 (). If it replaced the Sun, its surface would reach past Jupiter's orbit (5.20 AU).
Physical properties
Early publications in 1928 and 1939 classified the star as a possible R Coronae Borealis variable. Later authors were split on whether it was a symbiotic star or a VV Cephei-type star. The two differ in that the former consists of a red giant and a white dwarf or neutron star, while the latter is usually composed of a K- or M-type RSG and a massive early B-type star. The latter was confirmed to be the case in a 1988 paper, and the companion was identified as a giant star with the spectral type B2. This study also presented the absolute magnitudes of the two stars, −4.8 for the primary and −1.7 for the secondary, albeit this has been calculated using a distance of 1400 pc, smaller than modern estimates. With an updated value of 1900 pc, its KS band absolute magnitude is gauged at −11.3. No radial velocity variations have been detected, so the binary likely has a small orbital inclination.
| 2.53125
| 0
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78790342
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama%27at%20al-I%27tisam
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Jama'at al-I'tisam
|
Jama'atu al-I'tisam bil-Kitab wa’l-Sunnah (, ), more commonly known as Jama'at Al-I'tisam (, ) is a Somali Islamic Salafi organization and missionary group founded in 1996. The organization emerged from the merger of two previous movements: Al-Ittihad al-Islami, established in 1983, and the Islamic Salvation Movement (Al-Tajammu' al-Islami lil-Inqadh), founded in 1993. It is considered one of the largest Islamic movements in East Africa, known for its comprehensive reformist approach. The group aligns itself with Salafi methodology in theology and reasoning, incorporating da’wah (Islamic preaching), reform, and social transformation into its mission.
Prominent scholars like Sheikh Ali Warsame, Sheikh Mohamed Abdi Umal, Dr Ahmed Haji Abdirahman (who was assassinated by the Al-Shabab in 2011), Sheikh Mohamoud Shibli, and Sheikh Abdulkhadir Nur Farah (also assassinated by Al-Shabab in 2013) are considered the top figures of Jama'at al-I'tisam.
Background
Early Formation
Jama'at al-I'tisam traces its roots to the Islamic Union (Al-Ittihad al-Islami), which emerged in southern Somalia in 1983. Following the collapse of the Somali government in 1991, the Islamic Union adopted armed resistance to establish an Islamic system. This led to the United States and its allies designating the group as a terrorist organization. Over five years, Al-Ittihad expanded its presence across Somalia, setting up camps in the south, north, and central regions. However, its militant activities faced opposition from various factions, particularly the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) led by Colonel Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed. Ethiopian forces also intervened militarily to neutralize Al-Ittihad, dealing significant defeats to the group, including the loss of its stronghold in Gedo.
| 2.484375
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78790345
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20Joateca%20Bell%20UH-1%20bombing
|
1984 Joateca Bell UH-1 bombing
|
On 23 October 1984, the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) bombed a Bell UH-1H of the Salvadoran Air Force in Joateca, El Salvador during the Salvadoran Civil War. The bombing killed all 14 occupants on board the helicopter, including Salvadoran lieutenant colonel Domingo Monterrosa who commanded the American-trained Atlácatl Battalion.
The FMLN planted dynamite inside of a radio transmitter that they portrayed as being the primary transmitter for Radio Venceremos, a radio station that the FMLN operated. Monterrosa sought to capture the transmitter as a war trophy, and the dynamite detonated as the helicopter climbed in altitude. The Salvadoran military claimed that the helicopter crashed due to a mechanical failure while the FMLN claimed that it had shot down the aircraft with heavy machine gun fire. The Salvadoran military ultimately determined that a bomb took down the helicopter one month after the bombing.
Background
Domingo Monterrosa
In December 1981, Salvadoran lieutenant colonel Domingo Monterrosa ordered soldiers of the Atlácatl Battalion to indiscriminately kill civilians in the village of El Mozote in the Arambala municipality of the Morazán Department. The massacre killed over 1,000 people. Morazán was one of the strongholds of the rebel Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) in eastern El Salvador during the Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992).
When Monterrosa was promoted to command the Salvadoran Army's 3rd Brigade in 1984, the FMLN listed him as a high priority target to have killed. The FMLN's primary motivation to kill Monterrosa was because his promotion made him the Salvadoran Army's most senior military commander in eastern El Salvador, and the FMLN saw Monterrosa as their biggest threat. The FMLN also wanted to avenge the victims of the El Mozote massacre three years prior.
Radio Venceremos
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| 0
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78790979
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralliement%20%28Catholicism%20in%20France%29
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Ralliement (Catholicism in France)
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The Ralliement refers to the policy adopted by some Catholics in France to support the French Third Republic following the publication of the papal encyclical Au milieu des sollicitudes on February 16, 1892, by Pope Leo XIII. Supporters of this position were called the Ralliés (Rallying Catholics).
According to Bruno Dumons, "The emergence of a more moderate Republic encouraged Catholics to embrace reconciliation. By endorsing openness, Roman and episcopal authorities fostered initiatives attempting a conservative Catholic right-wing experiment, which renounced monarchy and accepted republican institutions.".
This policy of rapprochement with French secular republicanism initially generated great hope among the Ralliés—Christian democrats and liberal Catholics—but was shattered by the Dreyfus affair at the end of the 19th century. "The wave of anti-Semitism that followed engulfed French Catholicism, despite a handful of Dreyfusards. This well-documented episode caused a political crisis, resulting in divided Catholic political stances—from the Action Française (1898) to Le Sillon (1899)—and a republican 'defense government' seeking to revive secularism out of fear of clericalism".
Church Stance Before the Ralliement
Prior to the Ralliement, the Roman Catholic Church in France maintained a predominantly monarchist stance, aligning itself with traditional royalist factions and opposing the French Third Republic. The political upheaval of the 19th century, including the French Revolution, the fall of the Second French Empire, and the rise of republicanism, placed the Church at odds with the secular, often anticlerical, policies of the republics that followed.
| 2.875
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78791130
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepladder%20sign
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Stepladder sign
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The stepladder sign is a radiological finding observed in the context of small bowel obstruction on abdominal X-rays or computed tomography scans. It refers to the appearance of multiple, dilated small bowel loops arranged in a step-like configuration, typically visible in upright or lateral decubitus imaging positions. This sign is indicative of bowel obstruction and is used to identify and localize the site of obstruction, aiding in diagnosis and management.
Pathophysiology
In small bowel obstruction, a mechanical or functional blockage prevents normal passage of intestinal contents leading to increased peristaltic effort in the dilated loops causing bowel loops proximal to the obstruction to dilate. Gas and fluid accumulates proximal to the obstruction.
Imaging features
Plain Radiography, upright or lateral decubitus views: Multiple air-fluid levels in dilated small bowel loops and step-like arrangement of loops descending toward the pelvis.
Computed Tomography (CT): Clearly delineates dilated loops arranged in a stepwise pattern. CT can also be used to identify the transition point (site of obstruction) and underlying cause. Complications such as ischemia, strangulation, or perforation, if present, can also be identified in CT.
| 2.25
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78791500
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20play
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Free play
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Furthermore, free play often involves symbolic representation, where objects or actions take on different meanings, reflecting a child’s developing imagination and narrative abilities. For example, a cardboard box might become a spaceship, a house, or a fort, depending on the child’s evolving fantasy.
Developmental benefits
Physical
The impact of free play on a child’s development is multifaceted as it cultivates both gross and fine motor skills through movement, manipulation of objects, and experimentation with physical capabilities. Children also develop strength, coordination, balance, and dexterity as they climb, jump, run, build, and manipulate toys. This physical activity is often more extensive and vigorous than that observed in structured settings, contributing significantly to overall physical health and well-being.
Cognitive
Beyond physical development, free play significantly enhances cognitive development. It fosters creativity by allowing children to explore different possibilities, experiment with ideas, and develop their own solutions to playful challenges. Problem-solving skills are honed as children encounter obstacles and devise strategies to overcome them. The open-ended nature of free play allows for diverse approaches, encouraging flexible thinking through a growth mindset and the capacity for innovative solutions. This self-directed problem-solving extends beyond the immediate context of the play, building a foundation for critical thinking and adaptability in other areas of life.
| 3.234375
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78792015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadra%20%28fish%20trap%29
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Hadra (fish trap)
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The Hadra () is a traditional fishing trap used in the GCC countries, including Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, and Qatar.
Description
The Hadra is usually constructed using wooden poles and date palm trunks, designed in a V-shape. This design allows fish to enter during high tide but prevents them from escaping as the tide recedes. When the tide is low, fishermen collect the trapped fish, often transporting their catch using a "Qari," a donkey-drawn cart.
A Hadra consists of several components: the "Sirr" (the innermost part), "Haniya" (the curved sides), "Yad" (the arm or entrance), "Makhba" (the hiding place or trap), and "Fina" (the outer area or courtyard). Traditionally, it was built using local materials derived from the date palm tree. Later constructions incorporated iron nets, nylon threads, and bamboo poles. The Hadra is typically set up near the coast. Its use has significantly declined in modern times due to the availability of more convenient fishing methods, leading to a reduction in their numbers.
| 2.53125
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78792315
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989%20Soviet%20miners%27%20strikes
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1989 Soviet miners' strikes
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Later strike threats and small-scale strikes
After the strikes came to an end, there were continued threats to renew strikes over the Soviet government's failure to implement demands. These threatened strikes were especially frequent in Ukraine, where miners were increasingly militant in their activism. None of these strikes, however, went through; a threatened strike in September over holidays and pensions fell through after First Deputy Premier Lev Voronin claimed that the Soviet government was developing plans for increasing workers' autonomy. Threats to call another strike were also voiced by 38 deputies from Ukraine's opposition in August in response to changes in the organisation of the Congress of People's Deputies.
Meanwhile, the Communist Party of Ukraine was thrown into crisis by the strikes. On 7 August the party's Central Committee met to discuss the strikes; at the meeting, the party engaged in wide-reaching self-criticism and criticism of the Soviet government, condemning minister for the coal industry Mikhail Shchadov for ignoring miners' needs and local leaders for allowing food, housing and financial insecurity among miners to escalate. A month later, Shcherbytsky was removed as First Secretary of the party and replaced with Vladimir Ivashko, a mining engineer who was seen by the public as a protégé of Gorbachev.
This, however, did not stem efforts to renew strikes in the Donbas; on 1 and 12 October, miners threatened to launch continued strikes. They requested that their demands be passed immediately, something Gorbachev argued was impossible due to the situation being "complicated." After a strike leader, Aleksandr Sotnikov, was murdered in the city of Zverevo while investigating corruption in the coal industry, the Soviet government once again pled with miners not to strike, and a 31 October resolution among Ukrainian miners' unions to launch a strike was voted down. In spite of this, some enterprises went on strike for hours, or in one case a full day.
| 2.09375
| 0
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78792385
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20African%20Song%20or%20Chant%20from%20Barbados
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An African Song or Chant from Barbados
|
It is not possible to tell how well the transcription matches how the song was originally performed. It is not known whether Dickson had any musical training, nor how he passed the lyrics and melody on to Sharp. There is a risk of inaccuracy with musical transcriptions that use different sounds from what the transcriber is familiar with. On the other hand, the manuscript shows a great deal of attention to details of pitch and pronunciation, which have been taken to indicate authenticity. The researchers Rickford and Handler judged to be Dickson to be "a reliable recorder/interpreter of Black speech" based on his other transcriptions of oral texts.
Melody
The melody is written in a minor key ("suppose E with minor 3d") and differs significantly from later examples of music from Barbados, most of which are in major keys. A lead singer alternates with the rest of the work gang in a call and response pattern, a feature shared by work songs in the United States into the early 20th century. In this song, the call lasts 13 bars and the response is of similar length. Later work songs, by contrast, have short calls.
| 2.1875
| 0
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78792666
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blakeney%20Lifeboat%20Station
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Blakeney Lifeboat Station
|
In 1891, Blakeney took delivery of the Zaccheus Burroughs (ON 318), a 35-foot lifeboat funded from the bequest of the late Mrs. Burroughs of South Norwood, and named in memory of her late husband. The lifeboat was once of only three Cromer-class lifeboats, all with a wide beam, built by the Beeching brothers of Great Yarmouth.
In 1896, Coxswain William Hooke was awarded the RNLI Silver Medal on his retirement, for his service since 1865.
A new boathouse was constructed in 1898, and is still standing. It is currently a visitor centre for the National Trust.
The last lifeboat to be stationed at Blakeney was the Caroline (ON 586), a 38-foot Liverpool-class lifeboat rowing 14 oars, arriving on 17 November 1908. She was funded from the bequest of the late Miss Caroline Everard of Laverstock, Wiltshire.
Caroline would also go on to have a fine service record at Blakeney. In two services in January 1818 during World War I, 30 men were rescued. Other than a one line entry, very little detail is available in the RNLI journal 'The Lifeboat', maybe due to wartime reporting, but a wooden plaque now in Blakeney church, records the crew who, in frosty and snowing conditions in a north-west gale, rescued 16 men from the steamship General Havelock of Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 7 January 1918, and 14 men from the H.M. Tug Joffre on 8 January 1918. She would go on to save another six lives during her time on service.
At a meeting of the RNLI committee of management on Thursday 14 March 1935, it was decided to close the lifeboat stations at and Blakeney. By this time, motor-powered lifeboat were already located at and , and new ones were due at the flanking stations of and in 1936. It had been eleven years since the Caroline had been last required in 1924.
The lifeboat on station at the time of closure, Caroline (ON 586), was sold from service, but last reported in 1960. The Blakeney lifeboat service boards can be seen on display in the Church of St Nicholas, Blakeney.
| 2.03125
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78792673
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20violin
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Double violin
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The Double Violin is a ten-string, stereophonic double-necked electric violin invented by violinist L. Shankar. It is also referred to as the LSD or L. Shankar's Double Violin.
Description
The double violin is capable of replicating a full orchestra's effect with the lower neck covering the double bass and cello range, and the upper neck generating treble sounds; the violin and viola. In addition to providing a wide range of five and a half octaves, playing on one neck produces a sympathetic resonance effect on the other. The horizontal rib can be positioned beneath the chin or supported against the chest (Indian style) while playing. Due to the instrument's greater angle, the bowing was different and Shankar incorporated new techniques including playing on both necks simultaneously.
The concept for the double violin originated in 1978, after producing his album by Zappa Records where Shankar had to overdub a wide range of string instruments as he was unable to find session musicians who could render the Indian ornaments and styles he wanted. He made a prototype with cardboard and spent about a year and a half improving the design.
To date, Shankar has commissioned four different versions of the double violin, the first made by Ken Parker of Stuyvesant Sound in New York and the latest edition crafted by luthier John Jordan and released in 2023.
| 2.390625
| 0
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78792748
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919%E2%80%931922%20Philippine%20financial%20crisis
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1919–1922 Philippine financial crisis
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On April 29, 1922, the Board of Control decided that the PNB should quickly sell its holdings. No more loans were to be given to sugar centrals unless needed for crop shipments. The Bank was not to risk depositors' money with long-term loans. The PNB was to become an agricultural bank when possible. The general manager of the PNB, E. W. Wilson, believed his bank had an important role in the Philippines' development. However, his refusal to follow orders led to his resignation by the Board of Control and the Bank's Board of Directors. Despite this, Wilson and others helped save the national bank as Osmeña and Quezon changed their stance. In May 1923, Wood announced the bank would continue as a regular commercial institution with a safer approach.
By June 1923, the government’s Legal Reserve Fund was restored, providing gold backing for the peso. Economy was emphasized that year. Wood appreciated the public's confidence in the government and its leaders, particularly as his administration needed to raise the national debt.
However, the sale of government corporations by Wood was unsuccessful due to poor market conditions. Analysts in 1923 expected a recovery soon, so he had to postpone asset liquidation until prices improved.
Cabinet crisis of 1923
The cabinet crisis of 1923 was believed to have begun with the reinstatement of Detective Ray Conley by the Governor General, which resulted to the mass resignation of Filipino government officials. However, the cause of the cabinet crisis was due to the 1921 financial crisis. According to the self-confession written by Senate President Quezon, he wanted to protect the Philippines' "economic heritage" over which Wood "wanted to hand over to American capitalists."
| 2.96875
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78792813
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV%20Mirante%20S%C3%A3o%20Lu%C3%ADs
|
TV Mirante São Luís
|
The station's first program to be produced in high definition was Repórter Mirante, still during experimental broadcasts in 2010. The other programs and news only started to be produced and shown in this format on December 16, 2013.
On March 8, 2021, in partnership with the Government of the State of Maranhão, the broadcaster aired TV Educação, through subchannel 10.2, to broadcast teleclasses to students in the state education network who were unable to go to school due to the coronavirus pandemic. In June, the vacant spaces in the teleclass programming began to have Canal Futura programming relayed.
Analog-to-digital conversion
Based on the federal decree on the transition of Brazilian TV stations from analog to digital signals, TV Mirante, as well as other stations in São Luís and the metropolitan region, ceased broadcasting on channel 10 VHF on March 28, 2018, following the official ANATEL roadmap. The station ended analog transmissions at 11:59 pm, after broadcasting the semi-final of the Campeonato Carioca between Flamengo and Botafogo, along with extra coverage of the semi-final of the Campeonato Paulista between Corinthians and São Paulo, which extended to a penalty shootout which ended minutes before the switch-off, when the broadcaster then inserted the MCTIC and ANATEL slide about the switch-off.
| 2.21875
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78792989
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Levav
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Jonathan Levav
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Jonathan Levav (born January 20, 1975) is a professor of Marketing at the Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB). He is a scholar in behavioral economics and consumer decision-making, with research focusing on how cognitive biases, emotions, and social influences shape individual and collective choices.
Early Life and Education
Jonathan Levav was born in Jerusalem, Israel, to Dr. Itzhak Levav and Dr. Miriam Levav. He received his Bachelor's degree in Public and International Affairs from Princeton University, where he developed an interest in the intersection of psychology, economics, and decision-making, inspired by the teaching of Daniel Kahneman. He earned a PhD in Marketing from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, focusing his dissertation on preference prediction.
Academic Career
Levav is currently a professor of Marketing at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business, where he has been a faculty member since joining the institution. He researches behavioral decision theory, studying how psychological and contextual factors influence consumer choices.
Levav’s research has made contributions to the fields of behavioral economics, marketing, and psychology. His work is notable for its empirical focus, as he often conducts experiments to understand the mechanisms driving decision-making. His findings have been influential in both academic circles and practical business applications, helping companies better anticipate and understand consumer behavior. He won the Hillel Einhorn Young Investigator Award.
Levav has examined phenomena such as the decision fatigue, decoy effect, framing effects, and the role of emotion in shaping consumer preferences. His research has provided insights into how subtle contextual changes significantly alter consumer choices.
Selected Publications
Personal Life
Jonathan Levav is married to Linor Tal Levav and has two children. He lives in Palo Alto, California.
See Also
Behavioral Economics
| 1.953125
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78793223
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1948%20L1%20%28Honda%E2%80%93Bernasconi%29
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C/1948 L1 (Honda–Bernasconi)
|
C/1948 L1 (Honda–Bernasconi) is a non-periodic comet discovered on 3 June 1948. The comet was discovered by Minoru Honda and independently found by Giovanni Bernasconi the next day.
Observational history
The comet was detected with naked eye by Minoru Honda on 3 June 1948 and confirmed its presence by using his reflector telescope. He noted the comet had an apparent magntiude of about 4 and a tail more than one degree long. He reobserved the comet the next day. The comet was independently discovered by Giovanni Bernasconi, from Cagno, Italy, on 4 June. One more independent discovery was that of Tosikazu Higasi, who spotted the comet on board a ship on 5 June, while he was returning from observing the solar eclipse of May 9, 1948.
Upon discovery the comet was located in the constellation of Perseus, at a solar elongation of 32°, and had passed perihelion three weeks before and was approaching Earth. Closest approach was on 14 June, at a distance of . The comet remained a faint naked eye object for about a week. On 10 June, George van Biesbroeck reported its magnitude to be 5.2. The coma was reported to 7–8 arcminutes across and its tail was over two degrees long. On 14 June the magnitude was reported to be 5. The tail on that date was 5 degrees long. The comet faded consequently and on 25 June its magnitude was given to be 6.7 as seen from binoculars.
The comet continued to fade with a slow rate until 4 July, when it was 8.7 mag, but after brightness dropped sharply and on 11 August its photographic magnitude was reported to be 16, instead of the predicted 12.4, and on 3 September was 20 instead of 14.4. The latter was the last time the comet was observed.
| 1.976563
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78793541
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacieret
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Glacieret
|
A glacieret is a very small glacier, with a surface area less than . The term is sometimes incorrectly used to refer to a large, persistent snow patch of firn or névé.
Characteristics
Sometimes hardly larger than snowfields and perennial firn patches, glacierets tend to have little ice movement, with accumulation and ablation zones difficult to detect. Glacierets are usually remnants of larger glaciers that existed. Due to their small size, they are at a higher risk of melting due to climate change than larger glaciers.
Examples
Snezhnika in the Pirin range of Bulgaria was the southernmost glacial mass in Europe before the discovery of glaciers on Mount Bazardüzü.
The Banski Suhodol Glacieret, also in the Pirin, is the only other surviving glacial mass in Bulgaria.
There are some glacierets in the range of the Pyrenees.
The Red Eagle Glacier in Montana, following a century of retreat, has dropped below the threshold of an active glacier and become a mere glacieret.
Shepard Glacier in Glacier National Park converted to a glacieret in 2009.
There are many glacierets on Mount Kenya, ranging from surface areas of 0.01 to 0.09 km2.
The last glacier of the Apennines, the Calderone glacier, is a glacieret with a surface area of 0.03 km2 in 2001.
Former glacierets that melted
Glacierets that melt usually remain perennial snow patches and gather back some firn.
The glacieret on the Corral de la Veleta in Spain's Sierra Nevada was the southernmost glacial mass in Europe until it melted in 1913.
In the Kazania cirque of Mount Olympus, a glacieret existed during the Little Ice Age.
| 3.078125
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78794032
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20de%20Sandoval%20y%20Rojas%2C%209th%20Count%20of%20Salda%C3%B1a
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Diego de Sandoval y Rojas, 9th Count of Saldaña
|
The couple's eldest daughter, Ana Sandoval y Mendoza, was born in 1612. Their son, Rodrigo, the future 7th Duke of the Infantado (through his grandmother, who outlived his mother), was born in 1614; King Philip III and the Infanta María were his godparents. Their youngest daughter, Catalina, the future 8th Duchess of the Infantado, was born in 1616.
Lope de Vega, in a letter to the Duke of Sessa, dated September 1617, described the count as "the living image of his father, discreet, kind, polite, friendly and worthy of especial consideration in this age".
Saldaña's first wife, Luisa de Mendoza, died in 1619. At the time of his wife's death, Saldaña, then Master of the Horse to the future King Philip IV, was in Lisbon accompanying King Philip III and the heir to the throne. In April 1621, Saldaña suffered the consequences of court intrigues when the new favourite Count-Duke Olivares persuaded the young King Philip IV to strip the Count of his court privileges, including his Commandery of the Order of Calatrava, for having an affair with Mariana de Córdoba, a lady-in-waiting to the Infanta María. The King forced them to marry and banished them to Pastrana. Saldaña and Mariana de Córdoba had two sons; the eldest, Diego Gómez de Sandoval, going on to become the 5th Duke of Lerma, and two daughters.
In an attempt to return to favour, Saldaña accepted a mission to Flanders, during the Dutch Revolt, and where he stayed for five years before being allowed to return to the Court in Spain when the Count-Duke no longer considered him a threat. King Philip restored his previous post of Gentleman of the Bedchamber, as well as the Commandery of the Order of Calatrava.
| 1.914063
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78794032
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20de%20Sandoval%20y%20Rojas%2C%209th%20Count%20of%20Salda%C3%B1a
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Diego de Sandoval y Rojas, 9th Count of Saldaña
|
Names and titles
Born Diego de Sandoval y Rojas de la Cerda, he was also referred to as Diego Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, Gómez being his father's first surname. However, on marrying Countess Luisa de Mendoza, heiress of the Duchy of the Infantado, a binding clause in her family inheritance stated that, in order to perpetuate the family name of Mendoza, he was to adopt the name Diego Hurtado de Mendoza. Although the title of Saldaña later passed to Diego de Sandoval's eldest son Rodrigo, as heir to his grandmother, the Duchess of the Infantado, Diego de Sandoval continued using it until his death, while his son Rodrigo used the title Count of Cid. The eldest son of his marriage to Mariana de Córdoba, and who would go on to become the 5th Duke of Lerma, was also Diego Gómez de Sandoval.
Portrait
The National Palace of Sintra in Portugal has a full-length court portrait of Saldaña at the age of eighteen, from the Spanish school, attributed to Juan Pantoja de la Cruz who, in 1602, had painted a full-length portrait of Saldaña's father, the 1st Duke of Lerma. It was acquired by Maria Pia of Savoy in 1885 and was catalogued for many years as being of Sebastian, King of Portugal.
| 2.46875
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78794072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miko%C5%82ajowski%20House%20in%20Tarn%C3%B3w
|
Mikołajowski House in Tarnów
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In 1930, at the initiative of the district doctor Maciej Waręda, the building housed the District Health Center and the Hygiene Museum. It was used to treat social diseases, with the center's clinics (anti-tuberculosis, anti-venereal, and anti-trachoma) starting operations on 6 May 1930. Three years after the center opened, 268 patients were treated for tuberculosis, over 100 for trachoma, and 87 prostitutes for venereal diseases. In 1938, by decision of Bishop , the Tarnów diocesan curia purchased the Mikołajowski House. In 1944, the house was given a separate roof, and the curia decided to adapt it for use as the . Between 1946 and 1952 (or between 1947 and 1949, according to some sources), a thorough renovation of the building was carried out, during which the original layout and room configurations were restored, and the building was adapted for museum purposes.
In 1991, the building was entered into the register of historic monuments of the Tarnów Voivodeship (no. A-338 on 18 July 1991). It is considered the oldest tenement in Tarnów and currently houses exhibition halls for the Diocesan Museum. The exhibits include folk art collections and ecclesiastical embroidery and weaving from the 15th to the 19th centuries, including paraments and chasubles.
Architecture
The building known as the Mikołajowski or Kornuszowski House is an example of a residential structure from the transition between the Gothic and Renaissance periods.
The building is two stories high and fully cellarized. It is constructed on a rectangular plan measuring 12.60 by 7.60 meters and is a single-bay building with a mixed structural layout. The walls are made of brick arranged in the Gothic-Polish brickwork, with some of the cellar walls made of glacial erratic. The door and window frames are made of sandstone. The bricks used in the construction of the townhouse measure 29×13×10, 25×12×9, and 27×13×10 cm.
| 2.8125
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78794416
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20O%27Neill%20Challenge
|
Art O'Neill Challenge
|
On the 430th anniversary of the escape in 2022, the official Facebook account of the Art O'Neill Challenge described the escape thus:
At the time of the escape Dublin was a town roughly corresponding to the present day Liberties. People lived outside the walls, within the area known as the Pale, but there was little by way of roads or byways to other towns. The Dublin and Wicklow mountains were unmapped and largely inaccessible, and were used as safe areas for Irish clans resisting English rule. Deep in the southern Wicklow Mountains one of the most secure of these areas was Glenmalure, which was the stronghold of Feagh McHugh O'Byrne, a powerful Chieftain, who carried out many raids within the Pale, and was a major thorn in the side of the Crown forces. Dublin at the time had a massive network of rivers and marshes all the way across what we know as south and west County Dublin, and river courses and fording points would have been crucial to any route from Dublin Castle to Glenmalure, particularly in the middle of winter. The River Poddle ran behind Dublin Castle, emptying into the Dubh Linn - Black Pool, which gave the town its name - nearby. This river would have been an essential navigation aid to the original escapees.
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78794416
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20O%27Neill%20Challenge
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Art O'Neill Challenge
|
Horses were supposed to have been provided to facilitate a faster and less tiring escape to Glenmalure, however these did not materialise, and the group were forced to continue by foot notwithstanding Art's injury. A gaoler's servant named Edward Eustace was sent to help the men, with whom they journeyed southwest through the outlying County Dublin villages (modern-day suburbs) of Harold's Cross, Kimmage, Templeogue, Firhouse, and Ballyboden before successfully crossing the boundary out of the area in which English law applied. Both Lughaidh Ó Cléirigh (O'Donnell's biographer) and the Annals of the Four Masters imply that Edward Eustace was the guide who escorted Hugh Roe from Dublin to Glenmalure. In contrast, O'Sullivan Beare implies that the guide, who was "sent by Fiach [O'Byrne]", was not Eustace. Alfred Webb claims that Turlough O'Hagan (one of Tyrone's men) was the guide who escorted Hugh Roe from Dublin to Glenmalure. but Hiram Morgan and Darren McGettigan clarify that though O'Hagan escorted O'Donnell back to Ulster, he was not the guide that escorted the prisoners to Glenmalure.
Glenmalure was at that point the stronghold of Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne, an ally of the O'Neill's, and a place in which they knew they would be given sanctuary. According to the Annals of the Four Masters, Glenmalure was considered "a secure and impregnable valley; and many prisoners who escaped from Dublin were wont to resort to that valley, for they considered themselves secure there, until they could return to their own country."
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78794416
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20O%27Neill%20Challenge
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Art O'Neill Challenge
|
At this time Ireland, along with the rest of Europe, was in the midst of a period known as the Grindelwald Fluctuation (1560s-1630s), part of what is now known as the Little Ice Age which made the climate colder than usual. During their escape, Art and Hugh were caught in heavy rain and snow. Art was also "physically weak and malnourished from years of imprisonment", however another source claims he was "stout and heavy" during the escape. According to McGettigan, Art and Red Hugh eventually had to pause at a rock some kilometres from their ultimate destination, owing to exhaustion. Their guide (named Edward Hughes according to McGettigan), continued onwards to Glenmalure valley to fetch help from O'Byrne, who sent men back with food and beer to the location.
An 1888 entry in Irish Monthly magazine summarised the scene that befell the rescuers:
When aid came to them from Wicklow, "their bodies," say the ancient Annals of the Four Masters, "were covered with white-bordered shrouds of hailstones freezing round them, and no life was found in their members." Art indeed was dead, but Hugh survived...
The Dictionary of Irish Biography contends that O'Neill was not totally dead by the time help reached them, but rather that he was "extremely ill". Nonetheless, he died "soon afterwards and was buried in the Wicklow Mountains near Glenmalure". O'Donnell, on the other hand, went on to become one of the main leaders in the Nine Years' War against Tudor rule in Ireland.
A large wooden cross was erected in 1932 on a prominent point on Conavalla mountain, reputedly marking the point where "it is believed (Art O'Neill) lies buried". A commemorative plaque is also affixed to a large boulder some distance downhill of the cross, which reputedly marks the point where he died. These points are known respectively as Art's Cross and Art's Plaque. Art's Plaque is also sometimes known as Art's Grave.
| 2.71875
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78794416
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20O%27Neill%20Challenge
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Art O'Neill Challenge
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From at least 1998 to 2007, an unofficial Art O'Neill Walk took place every year in January, starting at midnight from Dublin Castle, and was attended by people from "various hillwalking clubs around Ireland" as well as casual attendees who turned up on the night. The walk was conducted on a "no fee/no pre-entry" basis, and was primarily organised by, and for, members of the Irish Ramblers Club, led each year by Tom Milligan, an experienced hillwalker. Milligan recalled in a 2007 website post:
In 1998, before the walk was promoted on the internet, only four people turned up. Since then things have changed somewhat. Indeed, on this Friday night, 5th January, 2007, four hundred and fifteen years after the escape of Red Hugh O’Donnell and Art and Henry O'Neill in 1592, over sixty walkers turned up for the challenge.
The 2007 walk followed a 46 km long route, along which a small number of resting points were observed. A "small group of regular volunteers from the Wayfarers Hillwalking Club" were noted to have provided a "welcome cup of soup and a slice of cake" to participants upon reaching the first one of these at Kilbride Army Camp at 3.30am, an isolated location at the foot of Seefin Mountain in County Wicklow. Other Wayfarers that year volunteered to transport "carloads of backpacks to this point" which allowed walkers to change from walking shoes into hiking boots and put on head torches in preparation for the off-road mountain section of the walk which was to follow. Upon encountering mist on Black Hill, attendees grouped together in the dark for safety before continuing, and at 9.30am reached Ballinagee Bridge, another resting point, which forms part of the R756 road (the Wicklow Gap road).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20O%27Neill%20Challenge
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Art O'Neill Challenge
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Similar events in Ireland
The Lug Walk, a long-distance endurance walk from Seahan forest entrance (on the border between County Wicklow and County Dublin), via Lugnaquilla, towards Seskin in the Glen of Imaal, Wicklow where it ends. The route is 51 km long, takes an average of 15 hours to complete, and follows a route that crosses mainly open mountain terrain. The walk started in 1974, and takes place every two years (biennially)
The Moonlight Challenge, a night-time walk (consisting of approximately 27 km), that starts and finishes at the Glen of Imaal Mountain Rescue Base at Trooperstown, close to the village of Laragh in County Wicklow. The event has existed since at least 2010. As of 2024, the Moonlight Challenge served as the primary funding stream for the Glen of Imaal Mountain Rescue Team
Walk the Line, a similar annual self-navigated or guided walking event that starts from Glencullen in Dublin and takes place partly during the hours of darkness. The event has taken place since at least 2012 and also raises funds for the Dublin & Wicklow Mountain Rescue Team
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78794439
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawan%20Tomb
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Jawan Tomb
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The Jawan Tomb (), a pre-Islamic chamber tomb, is a significant archaeological site located in Qatif Governorate in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia at the northwestern corner of Tarut Bay. Dating back to the 1st or 2nd century CE, the tomb reflects the region's rich history of trade and agriculture. The tomb was unearthed in 1952 by aramco during quarry operations. It remains one of the most well-preserved examples of ancient burial architecture in the region. The area is also historically known as "al-Junain" or "al-Junan" and is believed to correspond to the "Bilbana Settlement" mentioned in Ptolemy's maps, it covers around 200 hectares and spans several historical periods, from the 4th century BCE to the 6th century CE.
Discovery
The tomb was discovered on March 22, 1952, during quarrying operations by the Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO). A bulldozer operator uncovered the structure while working in the Jawan quarry, located six kilometers north of Safwa. Upon discovering scattered human bones through an opening created by the machinery, work was immediately halted.
Thomas Barger, then head of Government Relations and later ARAMCO president (1959–1969), reported the finding to Federico S. Vidal of the Arabian Research division. Prince Saud bin Jiluwi, governor of the Eastern Province, subsequently authorized ARAMCO to oversee the archaeological excavation. The initial excavation lasted four and a half months, followed by eighteen months of laboratory studies.
Architectural Structure
The tomb’s design features a central rectangular chamber accessible via a long, westward passage. Five recesses extend from the chamber—two to the north, two to the south, and one to the east. Each recess contains burial pits, with the eastern recess housing two pits. Four additional rectangular burial structures are situated outside the central room.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Scheuer
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Peter Scheuer
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Scientific achievements
Scheuer made a definitive contribution to the 1950s controversy over radio source counts. The early radio surveys claimed a large excess of faint sources,in conflict with the predictions of the
steady-state cosmology. This issue was the subject of heated debate beween Ryle and Sir Fred Hoyle. One difficulty was that the early surveys were 'confusion limited': what appeared to be a single faint source was often a blend of several still fainter objects, thus boosting the counts. Scheuer solved this problem by developing the 'P(D) method', showing how the counts were boosted and allowing the correct counts to be extracted - and demonstrating that they were still in conflict with steady-state predictions. The P(D) method remains widely used in astronomical imaging surveys, as testified by the continuing citations to Scheuer's 1957 paper.
Scheuer developed an interest in the intergalactic medium and realised that the spectra of quasars offered an extremely sensitive probe of neutral gas: even a neutral fraction of order a part in 100,000 would be sufficient to cause noticeable absorption of the rest-frame UV continuum shortwards of the Lyman-alpha emission line. At the time, this set only an upper limit to the density - but as quasars were found at higher redshifts, the predicted trough was detected. This is now known as the Gunn-Peterson trough after two American astronomers who made the same prediction, but Scheuer invented the idea independently and at the same time.
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78794723
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarout%20Bay
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Tarout Bay
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Tarout Bay () is a body of water located west of the Persian Gulf. It is bordered to the west by Tarout Island and Qatif, to the north by Ras Tanura and Safwa, and to the south by Dammam and Saihat. Tarout Bay is characterized by its shallow depth and the presence of sandy and muddy areas. The location of the cities of Qatif and Dammam on the western and southern sides of the bay helps to block winds and air currents. Tarout Bay contains three islands: Halat Za'al, Tarout and Darin. These islands are notable for their exposed sandy shores, sandy and muddy plains, and the proliferation of mangrove trees, seagrass, and salt flats. The bay's waters are also home to shrimp and fish, which attract birds to the area.
Geography
Tarout Bay borders numerous cities and villages, whose lives have been intertwined with the bay, from Safwa, Al-Awamiya, Qatif, Anak, and Saihat to Dammam.
Wildlife
BirdLife International has described Tarout Bay as an important site for site for wintering and migrating waders and other waterbirds. In addition to the prevalence of sea snakes and green turtles in the region, two endangered bird species, both rare winter visitors, have been recorded: the African fish eagle and the white-tailed eagle. Another significant raptor is the spotted eagle, although its numbers have dwindled from 20 in 1983 to only six, likely due to the removal of mangrove trees along the coast of Tarout Island.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanda%20Gentil-Tippenhauer
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Wanda Gentil-Tippenhauer
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In 1965, a posthumous exhibition was organized at Warsaw's Central Bureau of Artistic Exhibitions ().
Organizations member
Gentil-Tippenhauer was very active socially, participating to many organizations, among which:
Polish Ski Association ();
Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts (since 1935);
Polish Art Society;
Association of Polish Artists and Designers;
Trade Union of Polish Visual Artists;
Polish Decorative Art Association;
Podhale Visual Artists Association in Zakopane.
Painting activity
Wanda Gentil-Tippenhauer realized watercolor and tempera motifs inspired by the landscapes of the Tatra Mountains (view of Giewont) and genre scenes from Podhale or Polish Highlands. Sometimes she painted flowers and religious scenes.
She also performed painting on glass, wall painting, batik, kilim designs and was involved in interior design and painting conservation.
In the interwar period, she created, among other things, wall paintings in the Church of St. Catherine of Alexandria in Zgierz and in the chapel of a castle near Berezhany, Ukraine.
Moreover, Wanda illustrated a book collecting fairy tales from Haiti, written by her mother Wiktoria Gentil-Tippenhauer (Bajki murzyńskie z Haiti), published in 1931.
In the Zakopane, she created decorations for the Orbis building and the Polish–Soviet Friendship Society () seat hall.
Gentil-Tippenhauer has also created 11 ski routes in the Tatras, as described by Józef Oppenheim in his book Szlaki narciarskie Tatr Polskich i główne przejścia na południową stronę ().
Awards and collections
In 1927, at her debuts, she received a distinction from the Warsaw Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts for her batik Green shawl.
Many of her works are now in Zakopane (Muzeum Tatrzańskie), others can be found in Łodż (Muzeum Sztuki w Łodzi) and in Bydgoszcz (Regional Museum). Most of her artwork is in private collections in Zakopane.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenia%20paranapanemensis
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Eugenia paranapanemensis
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The leaves have a single central vein that runs lengthwise down the centre of each leaf (midvein) and coming away horizontally from the midvein are 10–12 secondary or lateral veins that reach towards the leaf edge. The midvein and secondary veins are both raised on the underside of the leaf but only the secondary veins are raised on the topside.
E. paranapanemensis leaves also have oil glands that are slightly raised on the underside of the leaf which are between 0.06–0.1mm in diameter and occur at four to six glands per mm2.
Flowers
The mature flowers of E. paranapanemensis have four pale-yellow petals which are oval-shaped but narrow at the base and rounded at the top. The petals can be between 4.5–5.5mm in length and 3-4mm in width and are smooth on both the underside and topside. The bulbous uppermost part of the flower stem (hypanthium) is also smooth and covered with long soft hairs. Clearly attached to the hypanthium are four calyx lobes – which look like tiny leaves beneath the yellow petals – of between 2.2-4mm in length and 1-3mm in width. The calyx lobes are oblong and covered with tiny hairs and are unattached to each other except by the hypanthium. The centre of the mature flower forms a squared ring of many stamens (staminal ring) that is darker in colour than the petals.
The flowers grow in pairs and appear both at the end of the branch and shoot from the sides of the branch. The small stalks which attach the flower head to the branch (pedicels) are 1mm thick and between 9.5-20mm in length. The pedicels may be slightly flattened and are covered with fine soft hairs that appear brown.
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78795753
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana%20Fishing%20Enhancement%20Act
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Louisiana Fishing Enhancement Act
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Louisiana Artificial Reef Trust Fund
The Louisiana Artificial Reef Trust Fund (Artificial Reef Development Fund by Louisiana Revised Statutes Tit. 56, § 639.8), created with the Louisiana Fishing Enhancement Act, and in accordance to section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, section 4(e) of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-623) sections 204–207, enacted November 8, 1984, which allows funding of artificial reefs, specifically rigs-to-reefs, with a goal of enhancing habitat and diversity of fishery resources and recreational and commercial fishing opportunities, managing and monitoring inshore, nearshore, offshore, and deepwater artificial reef sites.
Governor Bobby Jindal began using Artificial Reef Funds (sweeping of funds), for coastal protection and restoration, into the general operating budget to balance the Louisiana budget. The Louisiana Wildlife Federation considered filing a suit to stop this.
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