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69919250
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophronia%20Farrington%20Cone
|
Sophronia Farrington Cone
|
Sophronia Farrington Cone (1801-1880) was a teacher, artist, and one of the first single female missionaries from America to Africa when she helped found a mission in Liberia in 1834.
Farrington was born in Concord, New Hampshire, in 1801 and grew up in Herkimer, New York. She enrolled at the Cazenovia Seminary in 1825 and left in 1828 to attend the female seminary in Utica, New York. Farrington then taught at a school in Onondaga, New York, and the female seminary in Salem, Massachusetts. In 1843 she sailed to Liberia and became the first single female missionary to go to Africa, working with the Young Men's Missionary Society of Boston at the first foreign mission established by the Methodist Episcopal Church. Pastor Melville Cox arrived first and helped to found the College of West Africa, but Cox died shortly after arriving, of the "African fever". Farrington arrived shortly after Cox and taught at the school. Farrington almost died from the fever herself but recovered, and stayed behind in Liberia after the other missionaries left. The local residents were impressed by her artwork and teaching. In 1851 Miss Farrington married Mr. George Cone, of Utica, New York. She died in 1880.
| 2.453125
| 0
|
69919359
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone%20Batsirai
|
Cyclone Batsirai
|
Three hours later, the MFR reported that the system had become a moderate tropical storm, and the Mauritius Meteorological Services named it Batsirai. Between 06:00 UTC and 12:00 UTC, Batsirai underwent rapid deepening and intensified from a moderate tropical storm to an intense tropical cyclone within a span of three hours. According to the MFR, it was favoured by the very small size of the system and its fast movement. It had also established an inner core in diameter. Two hours later, the JTWC also upgraded it to a Category 2 tropical cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson scale, as it developed a small eye at about in diameter.
However, by 18:00 UTC, it started to rapidly decline after its eye quickly collapsed and the cloud tops had warmed. Because of these reasons, the MFR downgraded it to a tropical cyclone. At midnight of 28 January, it was further downgraded to a moderate tropical storm, after further weakening of the convective structure. Three hours later, the JTWC downgraded it back to a tropical storm status.
| 2.171875
| 0
|
69919428
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigofera%20hilaris
|
Indigofera hilaris
|
Indigofera hilaris, the red bush indigo or gay indigofera, is a species of leguminous shrublet in the genus Indigofera (family Fabaceae).
Etymology
The genus name Indigofera is Neo-Latin for "bearing indigo" (indigo is a purple dye originally obtained from some Indigofera species). Hilaris, from the Ancient Greek, means "cheerful, merry", referring to the bright, colourful display of the flowers.
Description
Indigofera hilaris is a perennial shrublet with erect annual stems up to 60 cm from a thick woody rootstock. Leaves are pinnate, with one to four pairs of narrow elliptical, silky and often folded leaflets; basal leaves are reduced, becoming scaly. Stipules are 2–9 mm long, linear and stiff. Inflorescences are short-stalked densely-flowered 1.5–5 cm long racemes, scarcely longer than the leaves. Flowers are reddish-pink to carmine, 7–8 mm long and about 6 mm in diameter. Pods are 10–30 mm long, cylindrical and straight. Flowers bloom from July to December, especially after fires.
Distribution
Indigofera hilaris grows in open grasslands through eastern South and tropical Africa in Tanzania, Zambia, Zaire, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, Lesotho and South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, North-West, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape).
| 2.1875
| 0
|
69920592
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm%20Malik
|
Storm Malik
|
Storm Malik was an extratropical cyclone that caused damage throughout northern Europe. It was named by the Danish Meteorological Institute in Denmark on 28 January 2022, and lasted until 30 January 2022. It caused 2958 severe wind reports and over 800,000 power outages in multiple countries. Seven people were killed in the storm, and a total of $415 million (USD) in damages were reported.
Meteorological history
On 28 January 2022, Storm Malik was named by the Danish Meteorological Institute, after the Greenlandic name that also means "wave". In Finland and Germany, which are not part of the storm naming groups, it was named Valtteri by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, while the Free University of Berlin named the same system as Nadia. The storm lasted until January 30, after which it dissipated.
Impacts
The impact from the storm ranged from mild to severe throughout most of the continent. UK wind power generation peaked at 19.5GW; a new record.
Fatalities
Two fatalities were reported in the United Kingdom due to Storm Malik: a 60-year-old woman in Aberdeen, Scotland and a 9-year-old boy in Staffordshire, England. Both were hit by falling trees. In Denmark, a 78-year-old woman died from injuries sustained when a door she opened was caught by the wind and she fell. In Germany, a person in Beelitz was killed when hit by a poster that had come loose and in Poland a person was killed when a tree fell on a moving car in Wejherowo County. In the Czech Republic, a worker died after being buried by a wall.
Injuries
Two teenagers were injured in the southern Swedish region of Scania when their car was hit by a falling tree. A child was injured when a tree crashed through the roof in Charlottenlund, Denmark, while west of Esbjerg, a moving car was hit by a large branch, resulting in three injuries. In Poland, a driver was injured when she drove into a downed tree near Kierzkowo, while in Tłuczewo, a person sustained arm injuries. In Germany, a man was injured by a falling tree in a park, in Bremen.
| 1.90625
| 0
|
69920733
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zita%20Holbourne
|
Zita Holbourne
|
Zita Holbourne FRSA (born 1960s) is a British community and human rights campaigner and activist, and a multi-disciplinary artist, creating work as a writer, performance poet and visual artist. As a trade unionist, she is National Vice President of the Public and Commercial Services Union (PCS) in the UK, and chairs its national equality committee and women's committee, and as joint national Chair of Artists Union England she also leads on equality. She sits on the European Public Services Union National and European Administration Committee. She co-founded with Lee Jasper the organisation BARAC (Black Activists Rising Against the Cuts), which campaigns against the impact of austerity on black communities.
Background
Holbourne studied art and graphic design at the London College of Printing and Watford School of Art. She produces artwork that ranges from oil paintings on canvas to digital works and graphic design.
Through activism and art, she campaigns for equality, justice and human rights. In her creative work she also highlights the impact of climate change on the global South. She is the co-founder and National Chair of Black Activists Rising Against Cuts (BARAC) UK, a founding member of Movement Against Xenophobia, BME Lawyers for Grenfell and BAME Lawyers for Justice and has played a prominent role in campaigning against injustices ensuing from the Windrush scandal.
In 2012, she won the Role Model award at the National Diversity Awards.
| 2.046875
| 0
|
69921051
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1as%20del%20Chache
|
Peñas del Chache
|
Peñas del Chache is the highest altitude of the island of Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain, with a height of 672 meters above sea level. It is located in the north of the island, in the municipality of Haría.
Toponymy
The term Chache is of probably of Guanche origin. As for its possible meaning, the philologist Maximiano Trapero has proposed its translation as 'the height'.
Characteristics
Peñas del Chache is a rocky mountain located in the Famara massif. The top is occupied by an installation of the Air Surveillance Squadron.
Geology
Peñas del Chache is a basaltic intrusive formation dating from the Miocene period, and is part of the Famara volcanic edifice, one of the oldest massifs on the island.
Vegetation
The surroundings of the Peñas del Chache were characterized by thickets of the Canarian thermophilic forest in the past. However, historical human activity has caused its near disappearance, finding itself dominated by substitution thickets such as bitter tabaibal in modern times, dominated by the wild spurge Euphorbia regis-jubae, and the tojio thickets Asteriscus intermedius and Lavandula dentata.
Archeological sites
Nearby, archaeological remains of the ancient inhabitants of Lanzarote, the majos, have been found.
| 2.5
| 0
|
69921611
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20King%20%28composer%29
|
Oliver King (composer)
|
Oliver Arthur King was born in 1855 in Islington, he was introduced to the piano at 6-years-old, and was noticed to have an early talent for the instrument, and by the time King was 8, he was noticed and taught by Joseph Barnby who was the choirmaster of St. Andrew's Church by Wells Street in London. In St. Andrew's Church, King was a chorister who had to frequently perform, particularly on Wednesday and Sunday services, King was noted for his talents and was soon co-teaching younger kids in singing as well as learning the organ, which he soon took up a position playing and singing during Wednesday and Sunday services. However, King was also mischievous, and received the name Scaramouch for his actions, and was often beaten with a cane, which proved ineffective, and instead was placed with the younger boys as a form of humiliation, which was effective.
By 16, King and Barnby moved to the St. Anne's church in Soho, Westminster, there King was the deputy organist and an assistant to Barnaby. Around this time, King was taught piano by William Henry Holmes in the Royal Academy of Music for three years, until 1874 when Henry Littleton (the head and business director of music publisher Novello, Ewer and Co.) took notice of the boy and advised him move to Leipzig, singing and studying choir in the Thomasschule zu Leipzig under Ernst Richter and studying in the Leipzig Conservatory for piano and composition under Carl Reinecke, Salomon Jadassohn and Oscar Paul. King was a dedicated student, having tried to branch out into as many music-related fields as possible, including (unsuccessfully) learning flute during his stay in the Royal Academy and trying to learn violin under and Henry Schradieck, however King would frequently spend ten hours a day on musical studies which only progressed slowly, and he eventually decided to make a career out of composing and playing piano.
| 2.75
| 0
|
69924979
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20of%20Milan%20against%20Como
|
War of Milan against Como
|
In 1098 Landolfo was excommunicated by Anselmo da Bovisio, archbishop of Milan. Nonetheless, he refused to resign from his position, not wanting to lose the privileges and the religious and political power that the office of bishop entailed. Aware of lacking the strength to oppose Grimoldi and being unable to set foot in Como, he took refuge in the castle of San Giorgio in Magliaso, a small village near Lugano, then part of the diocese of Como. From that place he continued to act as he was the legitimate bishop. He granted investitures and privileges to ingratiate himself with the nobles of lakeside villages such as Samolaco, periodically organized raids against villages loyal to Como, and wrote several times to the new archbishop of Milan Giordano da Clivio, with whom he was related, asking for help in the reconquest of his seat in Como. The expansion of Landolfo's influence on the territory of the diocese of Como pushed the people of Como to resort to force. The diocese of Como therefore split into two factions: the first, headed by Guido Grimoldi, was mainly composed of cives, the citizens of Como; the second, led by Landolfo da Carcano, represented the inhabitants of the countryside.
| 2.015625
| 0
|
69924979
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20of%20Milan%20against%20Como
|
War of Milan against Como
|
When the news of the defeat of their allies arrived, the Milanese decided to strengthen their party by forging new alliances. Milan, which through the peace of 1112 had secured an alliance with Pavia and Cremona, made further agreements with Crema, Monza, Bergamo, Brescia, Novara, Asti, Vercelli, Verona, Parma, Bologna, Guastalla, the cities of Liguria and the countryside of Biandrate. The Milanese, having obtained the reinforcements of the allied cities, returned with a sizeable army to Como and besieged the city together with the two fortified villages, supported by a naval blockade and by the raids of the islanders. Guido Grimoldi, however, once again proved to be a skilled general and managed to defend both settlements, exploiting in particular the two towers of Vico. During one of the numerous cavalry sorties of the Comaschi there was a duel between the Milanese Alberto de' Giudici and the Comasco Araldo (or Arnaldo) Caligno, in which the latter was killed. After a few days of siege, as there was no progress, the Milanese abandoned their operations. A truce was established between Como and Milan until August of the following year, the former thus had time to improve the fortifications at the gates, build shelters on the city walls, as well as swell their ranks and prepare twelve ships.
| 2.546875
| 0
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69924979
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20of%20Milan%20against%20Como
|
War of Milan against Como
|
Naval battles of Tremezzo and Cavagnola
In 1120 the Comaschi armed the flotilla and attacked Tremezzo, managing to take the village by surprise, sacking it and taking many prisoners. On the way back, however, the twelve ships of the islanders blocked their way, positioning themselves between the tip of Balbiano and Casate. The result was a battle in which the Comaschi managed to sink a large galley and captured two enemy ships, plus another one that had been sent to help the Terrazzani from Bellagio, forcing the islanders to retreat, while losing one ship in their side. Three days later Lezzeno was sacked. Encouraged by these victories, the Comaschi then decided to attack the Isola Comacina Island. Their ships managed to get close to the walls of the island, but as soon as they were within range they were targeted by stones and flaming arrows. Despite this, the Comaschi managed to land and destroy some ships moored to the walls, while others were dragged offshore and captured or sunk. It was not long before the villages of Campo, Sala and Colonno were attacked and burned. Here the Comaschi were initially repelled by the local soldiers, but in the end, thanks to their numerical superiority, they managed to surround them, forcing them to flee by swimming towards the Isola Comacina. Bellagio was then attacked, with the defenders being forced to take refuge in the castle.
| 2.40625
| 0
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69927241
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Cousins
|
John Cousins
|
John Cousins (1596–1682) was a 17th-century English emigrant to the New England Colonies. Cousins River, Cousins Island and Littlejohn Island in what was then North Yarmouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony (now Yarmouth, Maine), are named for him.
Arrival in the Thirteen Colonies
After living firstly in Falmouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony, between 1626 and around 1635, he moved ten miles north to North Yarmouth a year or so before the arrival of his compatriot William Royall (–1676), living on a neck of land between branches of the Cousins River. He is regarded as second only to Royall in importance as a pioneer in the area.
In 1645, he purchased from Richard Vines, Steward General and councillor for Sir Ferdinando Gorges, what became known as Cousins Island and Littlejohn Island, at the mouth of the Yarmouth River. The two islands were collectively known as the Hogg Islands at the time of Cousin's inhabitance. In 1647, he sold approximately half of Cousins Island to Richard Bray, who settled there with William Wise.
Conflicts forged by King Philip's War caused Cousins to abandon his Westcustogo home of over thirty years and move south. He was injured, and went to York to receive treatment.
Personal life
Cousins was married to Mary, with whom he emigrated from England. Their son, Isaac (–1702), followed them in 1647, aged about 34, arriving with his new wife, Elizabeth (–1656). A year after Elizabeth's death at the age of around 31, Isaac remarried, to Ann Hunt. Ann died in 1660, aged about 45, after three years of marriage. Isaac married a third time, seventeen years later, to Martha Priest.
Death
Cousins died in Cider Hill, near York, on June 26, 1682, aged 87. He deeded his real estate in Casco Bay to his wife.
| 2.03125
| 0
|
69927638
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian%20church%20sale
|
Norwegian church sale
|
The Bishop of Christiania Bartholomæus Deichman was initially given the main responsibility for the sale. In 1722, he was replaced by the official Hans Nobel. In the first round, the bids were so low that they were not accepted. Nobel eventually managed to sell about half of the churches, mostly those that had profitable land attached to them. Interest in the sale increased when the government clarified that the new church owners could collect the tithe from the congregation directly. The first sale was completed on 3 May 1723. The bulk of the sale was completed by 1726, and the last set of churches were sold by 1730.
About two-thirds of those who bought the churches were government officials and of these, bishops and priests bought most churches. About a quarter of the churches were sold to farmers, either alone or several farmers together. About a tenth of the churches were sold to city dwellers. If the buyer had money owed to them by the Treasury, this was deducted from the purchase price. Since the Kingdom was not great at paying its debts during this period, it was often desirable for those people to buy churches as a way of ensuring that they could claim the money owed to them by the government.
The buyers took over all the wealth and debt of each church. The estates that came with the churches were largely left to their tenant farmers, who had to pay land debts to the church. The estate could not be sold and separated from the church. The church owner was thus entitled to taxes from those who used the church land. This could be very lucrative, but at the same time the church owner was also responsible for ensuring that the church was properly maintained, and they also had to supply the church with bread and wine for communion and other necessities. Much of this was financed through tithes and fees that the church owner could collect from the homeowners within the parish. The state retained the right to call priests for each parish, so the new church owners could not hire priests themselves.
| 2.78125
| 0
|
69928253
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Royall%20%28settler%29
|
William Royall (settler)
|
Royall emigrated from England (where he was a cooper) to Salem, Massachusetts Bay Colony, in July 1629, aboard the Lyon's Whelp. He became a servant in the Massachusetts Bay Colony Company, and after serving his seven years, he was provided with a land grant in the Casco Bay area of today's Maine. His first homestead was at Fogg's Point in Freeport.
In 1636, he purchased what became known as Royall's Farm at what is now the upscale Lambert Point, next to Redding Creek, at the southern tip of Lambert Road, where he lived with his wife, County Durham native Phoebe Green (1620–1678). They had thirteen children together between 1639 and 1657, the first being son William Jr. (1639–1724).
Royall purchased a large tract of land from Thomas Gorges in 1643.
Royall's family moved to Dorchester, Massachusetts Bay Colony, in 1675, a year before William Sr.'s death. Following in his grandfather's footsteps, some eighty years after the fact, Isaac's brother, Sam Royall (1696–1784), moved to North Yarmouth sometime after 1724. He died in the town in 1784. His son, Elijah (1724–1790), died six years later.
Royall's grandson, Isaac Royall Sr. (1677–1739), chose a life at sea, becoming a rum and sugar merchant, and sought to make his fortune in the slave trade. By 1700 he was in Antigua, part-owner of a Massachusetts-built slave called the Mayflower. His son, Isaac Royall Jr. (1719–1781), who played a crucial role in the founding of Harvard Law School, was born in Antigua.
| 2.640625
| 0
|
69928738
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Lisicki
|
Barbara Lisicki
|
In 1995, the Disability Discrimination Act became law, providing the first protections against disability discrimination in the UK, and protests continued, including a sit-in at Labour party headquarters in 1996, and in 1997, protesters chaining themselves to the gates of Downing Street. In 2015, Lisicki stated, "Some people thought 'we've won with the Disability Discrimination Act' [...] We didn't win. It was never a victory. All that I ever say to people is that at least now the government agrees with us that discrimination happens." In 1999, Lisicki appeared at the end of The Disabled Century, a BBC production about the history of disability in the 20th century, which included her arrest at a demonstration and the activism of DAN.
DAN continued as an active protest group into the 2000s, with Lisicki serving as a spokesperson, and eventually disbanded. In 2019, the National Disability Art Collection and Archive opened, and holds thousands of items from the Disability Arts Movement. In 2022, Lisicki was a featured subject in the BBC docudrama Then Barbara Met Alan.
Personal life
Lisicki and Alan Holdsworth have an adult child called Jasia (they/them), and a granddaughter.
| 2.15625
| 0
|
69932623
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20Husky%20Energy%20Refinery%20explosion
|
2018 Husky Energy Refinery explosion
|
On April 26, 2018, an explosion and subsequent fire occurred at the Husky Energy Oil Refinery in Superior, Wisconsin. An initial explosion was reported at 10:00 AM and was extinguished close to noon, however a piece of debris had hit a storage tank containing asphalt, which ignited after spilling across the refinery, sending a thick plume of black smoke into the air. Thirty-six people, including 11 refinery employees, were sent to local hospitals, but there were ultimately no fatalities. Residents 3 miles to the east and west of the refinery, 2 miles to the north, and 10 miles to the south were evacuated from their homes temporarily due to concerns of both the toxicity of the smoke affecting those who lived south of the refinery and concerns regarding the plant's hydrofluoric acid tank causing further damage.
Background
The oil refinery in Superior, Wisconsin, which processes 50,000 barrels of oil a day, was acquired by Husky Energy from Calumet Specialty Products Partners in November 2017, retaining 180 Calumet employees. The company processes heavy oil from oil sands and conventional operations in western Canada. The refinery has a partnership with the Superior Fire Department, which provides its personnel training and resources when fighting industrial fires. It was eventually acquired by Canadian company Cenovus Energy in March 2021.
| 2.046875
| 0
|
69932748
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Hull%20%28knight%29
|
Edward Hull (knight)
|
In May 1451 a 7,000-man French army defeated an English force in Normandy. The French afterwards moved south and by 12 June had captured Blaye, Bourg and Bordeaux, ending Hull's tenure as constable of the latter. Hull went to defend Jersey, where he was retained by the king as part of a force to recapture the lost territories.
Hull sailed for Aquitaine in summer 1452, with a force under the command of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury. The French king, Charles VII, learnt of the expedition and withdrew his force to Normandy, where he expected an attack to come. Shrewsbury and Hull were therefore able to seize Bordeaux in October 1452. Early the next year Hull was reappointed constable of the city. Hull was appointed a member of the Order of the Garter in absentia in May 1453. He had previously been a squire in the order. His rivals for election included a number of other well-placed courtiers and it is thought that Hull's military career stood him in good stead.
Talbot afterwards moved to relieve the French siege of Castillon. Hull joined Talbot with a force of 2,000 of his men. Hull was one of only two English parliamentarians present with the force, perhaps reflecting a disenchantment with the war among the gentry. The other member of parliament present was John Howard (who later rose to prominence and was created Duke of Norfolk by Edward IV).
| 2.875
| 0
|
69933086
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Crichton%20of%20Frendraught
|
James Crichton of Frendraught
|
James Crichton of Frendraught or Frendraucht (1599-1667) was a Scottish landowner and survivor of the Fire of Frendraught in October 1630. Several of his guests were killed at Frendraught Castle and arson was suspected, though the facts of the case were widely disputed and remain unresolved.
Family background
James Crichton of Frendraught was descended from William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton. His parents were James Crichton of Frendraught and Janet Gordon, a daughter of Alexander Gordon of Lesmoir. His aunt, Katherine Gordon, married Alexander Burnett and lived at Crathes Castle.
After he inherited, Crichton was known as the "Laird of Frendraught" or simply, "Frendraught". Frendraught Castle, now rebuilt, is about east of Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
He married Elizabeth Gordon, the eldest daughter of John Gordon, 13th Earl of Sutherland, at the Castle of Bog of Gight now called Gordon Castle on 25 February 1619. Married women in early modern Scotland did not change their surnames when they married, and she was known as "Elizabeth Gordon, Lady Frendraught" or "Lady Frendraught". Their eldest son, also James Crichton, was created Viscount Frendraught in 1642. His descendants are the present representatives of the Clan Crichton.
| 1.914063
| 0
|
69934454
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATCOMBw
|
SATCOMBw
|
SATCOMBw is the German Bundeswehr's satellite communications system. The system was introduced in 2008; the current "Stage 2" has been in operation since the end of 2011, the system is based on the two communications satellites. The system is operated by Airbus Defense and Space. In 2022 the Budget Committee of the German Bundestag released the funds for the extension of the operator contract with Airbus as part of a 25 million euro proposal until 2028.
System
Images, videos and speech as well as other data can be transmitted with the system. The requirements for establishing a communication connection via SATCOMBw are comparatively complex: a ground station with a mirror that is at least 2.4 m in size must be set up. The Bundeswehr uses deployable ground stations, some are mounted on trailers. The data capacity is 2 Mbit/s per chanel, encypytet by SitLink of Rohde & Schwarz.
The two Satellites COMSATBw-1 and COMSATBw-2 are at a fixed position on 66°East and 34°West providing Ku-Band and C-Band abilities. Ku-Links are fixed to connect Germany, C-Band Links has a global illumination. For additional capacity, the Bundeswehr leases Intelsat channels.
The ground control is maintained by the German Armed Forces Satellit Ground Station in Weilheim and the German Aerospace Center (DLR).
The successor project SatComBw 3 has already been launched and, according to the current planning status of 2022, should be available in 2029.
| 2.25
| 0
|
69934990
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zayd%20ibn%20Musa%20al-Kazim
|
Zayd ibn Musa al-Kazim
|
Zayd ibn Mūsā ibn Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (Arabic: زيد بن موسى بن جعفر بن محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب) was a younger son of the seventh Imam in Twelver Shia Islam, Musa al-Kazim.
He took part in the unsuccessful Alid uprising in 815 against the Abbasid Caliphate, led by Abu'l-Saraya, during which he captured and governed the city of Basra. According to al-Tabari, his reign was characterized by a pogrom against the supporters of the Abbasids, which earned him the nickname Zayd al-Nar ('Zayd of the Fire') due to the large numbers of houses belonging to Abbasid family members or their followers that he ordered torched. After the defeat of Abu'l-Saraya at Kufa, Basra held out for a while, until captured by the Abbasid general Ali ibn Abi Sa'id. Zayd received a letter of safe passage from Ali, and surrendered to him. His brother, Ibrahim, also took part in the uprising and ruled Yemen for a while.
Before long, Zayd escaped his imprisonment, and rose again in revolt at Anbar in June 816, along with Abu'l-Saraya's brother. They were soon defeated by Abbasid troops and again captured.
| 2.125
| 0
|
69935201
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Cecil%20%28priest%29
|
John Cecil (priest)
|
France and Rome
At the end of 1601 Cecil was in France, and apparently in company with Robert Bruce; for Cardinal d'Ossat, writing from Rome, 26 November, warns Villeroi against both men as spies acting on behalf of Spain. D'Ossat may have been misinformed on this point with regard to Cecil. In any case, two months later this versatile diplomatist appears in quite another company. When the four deputies of the English appellant priests, John Mush, Bluet, Anthony Champney, and Barneby, were starting on their journey to Rome to lay before the Pope their grievances against the archpriest Blackwell and the Jesuits, Dr. Cecil unexpectedly took the place of Barneby in the deputation; and fortified with testimonials from the French government, in spite of D'Ossat's warnings, he for the next nine months assumed a leading part in the proceedings with the Pope and cardinals: proceedings in which one of the main charges brought against the Jesuits was their improper meddling with the affairs of state. Parsons now in vain denounced Cecil to the Pope as a swindler, a forger, a spy, the friend of heretics, and the betrayer of his brethren; for as the Jesuit had made similar or more incredible accusations against all his other opponents, the charges were disbelieved or disregarded by the papal court. Cecil had several favourable audiences of the Pope, and his ability and tact gained for him great credit with the clerical party, to whose cause he had attached himself. It is probably to his pen that we owe the Brevis Relatio, or formal account of the proceedings in the case at Rome. In 1606 he was chosen, together with Dr. Champney, to present to the Pope the petition of a number of English priests for episcopal government. The indignant Parsons again denounced his adversary, and desired that he might be seized and put upon his trial, but Dr. Cecil remained unharmed in fortune or character.
| 2.21875
| 0
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69935608
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanket%20Goel
|
Sanket Goel
|
Sanket Goel (born 31 December 1977) is an Indian Professor working with the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana. He is the Principal Investigator of MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics (MMNE) Lab and Founding Director of Cleome Innovations Pvt. Ltd. Currently, he is also serving as a Dean where he spearheads Research and Innovation activities across all the campuses of BITS Pilani.
Scientific contributions
Goel's work focuses on MEMS, microfluidics, and nanoelectronics in diverse applications like sensing, energy harvesting, and storage. His most cited works include papers on sustainable fuel, laser-induced graphene, and biofuel cells, both enzymatic and microbial. He has over 210 journal papers, 90 conference papers and 20 book chapters. His team has filed 24 patents so far. He has edited two books, Microelectronics and Signal Processing: Advanced Concepts and Applications and Miniaturized Electrochemical Devices. His lab (MMNE Lab) and company focus on developing miniaturized smart sensors and energy harvesters for a variety of applications.
His group has also developed droplet microfluidic devices for diverse applications. and his team is also working on characterizing and optimizing solar cells for underwater applications and 3D printed devices for space applications.
His team has started developing IoT enabled devices for soil parameter monitoring, DNA amplification, and Nanomaterial Synthesis applications.
Goel has given more than 95 invited talk at various conferences, workshops, and public forums.
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69935870
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor%20Afroz%20Khuwaja
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Noor Afroz Khuwaja
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Noor Afroz Khuwaja (Sindhi: نور افروز خواجہ, July 5, 1953) is an educationist, writer and critic from Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. She has served as Dean, Faculty of Arts at University of Sindh Jamshoro. She was editor of the International Journal of Arts and Humanity and the Literary Magazine Keenjhar and authored more than seven books in Sindhi language.
Early life and education
Noor Afroz Khuwaja was born on 5 July 1953 at Tando Wali Muhammad, Hyderabad Sindh. Her father Ahmad Ali Tahirani Khuwaja was a businessman from Dando (Sindhi: ڏندو)Town of District Badin, Sindh. She received primary education from Training College Hyderabad. She got first position in Sindh in Primary School Scholarship examination. She was also position holder in the eighth class Scholarship examination. She passed Matriculation examination from Government Miran School Hyderabad and Intermediate from Zubaida Girls College Hyderabad. She graduated from University of Sindh in 1973 in Sindhi. She did PhD from the same university in 1997 under the supervision of the renowned scholar Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi.
Career
She began her career as a lecturer in the Sindhi Department of Sindh University in 1973. She became professor of the same department in 1997. She served as chairman of the department from 2005 to 2013 and then as Dean Faculty of Arts from 2010 to 2013. She also served as the director of Mirza Qaleech Baig Chair. She was member of many academic, literary and social institutes including member board of governors of Sindhi Language Authority, member of advisory committee of the Institute of Sindhology, and member of board of studies of various universities.
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69935901
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19%20naming
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COVID-19 naming
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Numerous mutations and variants of SARS-CoV-2 have acquired colloquial vis-à-vis scientific labels for ease of pronunciation and usage, both in the lab and to some extent in mass media. The nomenclature draws from the corpus of mythology (both Greek and Scandinavian) and astronomy.
Public messaging has been a concern given that these elements of popular reportage can be at variance with the Greek alphabet nomenclature established by the WHO; other schemes have been proposed.
Variants
Arcturus (XBB.1.16) was named on social media after the star; Kraken (XBB.1.5), Cerberus (BQ.1.1), Typhon (BQ.1), and Gryphon (XBB) were coined by evolutionary biologist T. Ryan Gregory (from his own personal nomenclature of mythical creatures); whereas Pelican, Quail, and Mockingbird (variants of 20I/501Y.V1), have not gained wider usage. The BA.2.86 variant was named 'pirola' (sic) by a group of scientists on social media in late 2023, and was brought to public attention by an August edition of the Wall Street Journal. (Inasmuch as the World Health Organization has suggested using astronomy for its plethora of names, the Twitter user @JPWeiland suggested the obscure Jovian asteroid 1082 Pirola "for its uniqueness" and the possibility of shifting the nomenclature to Pi or Rho if needed.) Two KP.2 variants which rose to prominence in the U.S. in late May 2024 are commonly known by the acronym FLiRT, the responsible mechanisms being a phenylalanine (F) to leucine (L) mutation and an arginine (R) to threonine (T) mutation in the virus's spike protein.
Mutations
Nicknames have also arisen for mutations such as Nelly (N501Y), Doug (and Douglas) (D614G), and even Eeek (E484K), initially meant as convenient labels in University of Bern lab discourse.
| 1.992188
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69937760
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20commercial%20assets
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Public commercial assets
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Public Commercial Assets are the assets owned by the public sector able to generate income if managed professionally.
Public Commercial Assets are a sub-sector of the asset side of the Public Sector Balance Sheet, that reports the totals of assets and liabilities that the government controls.
According to IMF research, total public sector assets have a value equivalent to 2×GDP globally. Net worth (assets minus liabilities) would be equivalent to some 21% of GDP.
Real estate is the single largest segment of all assets, globally. According to research from McKinsey Global Institute, Global net worth has risen as interest rates have fallen, since 2000 mainly due to the prices of real estate triple in value between 2000 and 2020. Most governments do not keep a complete record of all the real estate it owns, thus making it difficult to value, manage or develop and put these assets to their most productive uses.
Government service data is considered a public asset: for example, the United Kingdom's supplier standard for companies supplying software services to government holds that anonymised government service data should be open to public and third-party organisations for further use, including data held within software specifically built for government purposes.
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69938370
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiba%20Jaigirdar
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Adiba Jaigirdar
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Adiba Jaigirdar is a Bangladeshi-Irish writer. Her debut novel, The Henna Wars, is listed as one of Time magazine's 100 Best YA Books of All Time, alongside novels such as Little Women, Lord of the Flies, and The Catcher in the Rye.
Personal life
Jaigirdar was born in Dhaka, Bangladesh, then alternated between living in Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh as a child. At age ten, she and her family immigrated to Tullamore, Ireland; she has lived in the Dublin region ever since.
Throughout much of her life, she has been in situation where she is among only a few people of color, an experience that has shaped her writing.
Jaigirdar identifies as a queer Muslim woman of color. Like characters from her novel Hani and Ishu's Guide to Fake Dating, Jaigirdar "has been told that parts of her identity cancel out others and couldn't exist in the same person." Her writing is now inspired by her history and with hopes that young Muslim people of color can embrace their queer identities.
Education
After immigrating to Ireland at age 10, Jaigirdar attended an all-girls Catholic school. She has a Bachelor of Arts in English and History from University College Dublin, as well as a Master of Arts in Postcolonial Studies from the University of Kent.
Career
Aside from writing young adult novels, Jaigirdar has been a writer for Book Riot. She also teaches English as a foreign language to recent immigrants to Ireland.
Jaigirdar has written about people like herself and stated, "My very existence is political, so the things that I write will also be seen as inherently political." Like characters from her novel Hani and Ishu's Guide to Fake Dating, Jaigirdar "has been told that parts of her identity cancel out others and couldn't exist in the same person." Her writing is now inspired by her history and with hopes that young people of color can embrace their queer identities.
Selected texts
The Henna Wars (2020)
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69938413
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20de%20Fr%C3%A8res
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Route de Frères
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Route de Frères is an album by drummer Andrew Cyrille. It was recorded in December 2005 at Clinton Studios in New York City, and was released by Tum Records in 2011. On the album, Cyrille is joined by members of the group known as Haitian Fascination: Hamiet Bluiett on baritone saxophone, Alix Pascal on acoustic guitar, Lisle Atkinson on bass, and Frisner Augustin on percussion and vocals.
Background
When Cyrille, who was born in Brooklyn but is of Haitian descent, was seven years old, his parents took him to Haiti, the first of several trips. During one of his visits, Cyrille noticed a street named "Route de Frères" ("Road of the Brothers"), and the name eventually sparked the idea for the musical project called Haitian Fascination, bringing together musicians from the United States (Cyrille, Bluiett, and Atkinson) and Haiti (Pascal and Augustin).
Music
"Marinèt" is Haitian folk song about a spirit, and has been used in Vodou ceremonies for many years. "Deblozay," the title of which means "chaos," was written by Pascal, and is about the need for Haitians to voice their frustration with the chaotic situation in their country. Cyrille's "Hope Springs Eternal" is his "wish for Haiti to prosper in all aspects of its humanity." "Isaura," composed by Bluiett, is a love song for a dancer from Rio de Janeiro.
Cyrille's three-part "Route de Frères" forms the centerpiece of the album, and recalls his time in Haiti as "very rich, pleasant and different experiences for me, being a second grader on vacation from a grammar school in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York." Part 1 is a sonic portrait of Anjubeau, near Port-au-Prince, where Cyrille met a number of his relatives for the first time, and where he experienced rural Haitian life. Part 2 portrays a visit to Port-au-Prince, and "the daily organization and movement about the city of the people living there." Part 3 imagines what music must have been like in the United States when Cyrille's parents arrived, his father in 1919, his mother in 1926.
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69938550
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominicans%20in%20New%20York%20City
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Dominicans in New York City
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The NYC Dominican population was 702,330 (7.9% of the city) in the 2020 census, representing an increase from the 2010 census number 576,701 (7.0% of the city).
Enclaves
Nearly 70% of Dominican New Yorkers live in the Bronx and Manhattan. In Manhattan, Washington Heights and Inwood are majority Dominican neighborhoods. The Dominican population of Washington Heights is significant, and candidates for political office in the Dominican Republic will run parades up Broadway. In the Bronx, Dominicans are present in large numbers in neighborhoods like Highbridge, University Heights, Morris Heights, Concourse, Kingsbridge, and Fordham. The northwest tip of Upper Manhattan and western portions of Bronx have some of the highest concentrations of Dominicans in the country. In many of these neighborhoods, shops advertise in Spanish and English, the Dominican flag is hung from windows, storefronts, and balconies, and the primary language is Dominican Spanish.
Aside western Bronx neighborhoods, smaller numbers of Dominicans can be seen in other parts of the Bronx. Dominicans can be seen in sizeable numbers in neighborhoods that are dominated by other Hispanic groups, and smaller numbers in predominately black and even white neighborhoods close to Washington Heights/Inwood, such as Harlem, Hamilton Heights, and Upper West Side. Significant numbers of Dominicans move into historically predominant Puerto Rican neighborhoods throughout the city.
In Queens, significant Dominican populations are in Corona, Woodhaven, and Ridgewood. In Brooklyn, significant numbers of Dominicans are in Bushwick, Williamsburg, Cypress Hills, and Sunset Park. In Staten Island, small numbers of Dominicans can be seen scattered in the northern sections of the borough.
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69938961
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Africa%20floods
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2022 Africa floods
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Throughout 2022, floods affected most of Africa, killing over 2,100 people. The worst affected country was Nigeria, with over 610 deaths.
Impact
Angola
In December, floods in Angola have killed two people, destroyed five homes, and damaged 238 others.
Benin
Twenty-seven municipalities in Benin were affected by flooding, leading to 41 fatalities and over 670 houses destroyed.
Cameroon
As of September 20, as many as 37,439 people from 6,662 families were affected by floods in northern Cameroon. At least 2 people have died and around 95 injured. As many as 9,413 homes and 88 schools had been damaged or destroyed. Around 2,394 hectares of crops were also damaged, and 3,019 heads of cattle were lost.
Central African Republic
In the Central African Republic, flooding had affected 85,300 people, killed 11, destroyed more than 2,600 houses and 18,500 hectares of crops, damaged numerous other infrastructures and displaced more than 6,000 people in 176 towns and villages across 12 of the country's 17 prefectures.
Chad
In August, floods have affected 17,000 people in Chad, resulting in the destruction of 1,312 homes. At least 22 people have died while 229 others were injured.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
From late February to March, at least 16 people, including four children died in Bukavu due to the flooding. Floods in April killed 20 people, while a further 21 deaths were reported in May.
From 12 to 14 December 2022, heavy rains left roads, infrastructure and many neighborhoods underwater or destroyed in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo's capital. Floods there killed 169 people.
On December 31, a landslide occurred in South Kivu, killing eight people.
Ethiopia
About 60,000 people were affected by floods, which have damaged some infrastructure.
Gabon
A flood-related landslide killed seven people near Libreville, Gabon.
Ghana
Two days of heavy rainfall had left many homes and a police station submerged in floodwater in eastern Ghana.
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69939049
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Bullen%20%28librarian%29
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George Bullen (librarian)
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George Bullen (1816,17 or 18 - 1894) was a librarian and Keeper of Printed Books at the British Museum.
Early life
George Bullen was born in Ireland, probably at Clonakilty, one of three known sons (and three daughters) of Walter Bullen, a customs officer, and his wife, Anne. He is recorded as being born on the 27th November, 1816 or 1817, however the inscription on his gravestone has him dying in October 1894, aged 76.
He was educated at St Saviour's Grammar School, Southwark, in London and after initially giving private tuition he joined the British Museum in 1838 as a supernumerary assistant in the Department of Printed Books, where he would work for over fifty years. His arrival coincided with the Library's move into its new building in Bloomsbury and one of his earliest tasks was to assist in arranging the books on the shelves.
Career
Bullen became a Permanent Assistant in 1849, in 1866 he became one of two Assistant Keepers of the Department of Printed Books (also becoming superintendent of the Reading Room) and in 1875 he became Keeper of Printed Books, a post he was to hold for fifteen years. On his retirement as Keeper in 1890 he was succeeded by Richard Garnett.
Bullen was said to have had a genial temper. He was a regular contributor to The Athenaeum and was a vice-president of the Library Association, taking a prominent part in many of its annual congresses. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1877 and received an honorary degree from the University of Glasgow in 1889. He was created CB in 1890.
Personal life
He married Eliza Mary Martin (1823/4-1887) on 10 May 1851 at St George's, Bloomsbury and they had at least two sons, one of whom, Arthur (1857-1920), became a successful editor of Elizabethan works and a publisher. The year after Eliza's death he married Amy Reynolds (1862/3-1954), the daughter of a Bristol iron merchant.
| 1.921875
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69939072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20ethnobotany%20of%20India
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Medical ethnobotany of India
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The medical ethnobotany of India is the study of Indian medicinal plants and their traditional uses. Plants have been used in the Indian subcontinent for treatment of disease and health maintenance for thousands of years, and remain important staples of health and folk medicine for millions. Indians today utilize plants for both primary medical care (principally in Rural and undeserved areas) and as supplementary treatment alongside modern medical science. It is estimated that 70% of rural Indians use traditional plant based remedies for primary healthcare needs. This reliance of plants for medicine is consistent with trends widely observed in the developing world, where between 65% and 80% of people use medicinal plant remedies.
Herbal medicine in India is largely guided by folk medicine, both in codified cultural practices shared widely (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani), and highly localized practices unique to individual tribes or tribal groups (Adivasi). Between 3,000 and 5,000 species of medicinal plants grow in India with roughly 1,000 threatened with extinction. Of these, more than 2,400 plant species have been documented for medicinal use.
Herbal Ayurveda
Ayurveda practitioners believe certain plants can restore balance distorted by disease. The vast majority (90%) of Ayurvedic remedies are plant based.
Although firmly rooted in folk medicine, Ayurvedic herbal remedies have been evaluated by laboratory and clinical studies to evaluate treatment efficacy. Some plants used in Ayurveda have biologically active secondary metabolites with potential value. Other remedies do not have established therapeutic value, and some may have deleterious health effects.
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69939072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20ethnobotany%20of%20India
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Medical ethnobotany of India
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Medicinal plant taxonomy
The 782 medicinal plants used in this region belong to 132 families. Overwhelmingly, identified plants belonged to the legume, dogbane, orchid, nightshade, and coffee families. Legumes (Fabaceae), the largest single family, accounted for 67 species. The most prolific genera were Cassia (Fabaceae) and Solanum (Solanaceae), each containing 11 species. By plant habit, utilized plants were herbs (41%), trees (24%), shrubs (22%) and lianas/vines (13%).
75 species of plants used for medicine in the region are unique to the Eastern Ghats.
Local plants and their uses
Of 782 utilized plants, only 28 species were used by all assessed tribal communities. Plant species were most frequently utilized for issues relating to the stomach and skin disease, with 120 species being used as primary treatments in either of these problem categories.
Abrus precatorius was the medicinal plant most widely cited in ethnobotanical surveys of the region. Although parts of the plant are extremely toxic and hazardous when ingested, leaves of this species are utilized for treatment of bronchitis, eczema, hepatitis, skin disease, gynecological disease and in treatment of venomous snake bites. Aegle marmelos, or Bael, is a tree with religious significance utilized for treatment of gastrointestinal and skin disease. Although used throughout India as a treatment for jaundice, the plant creat (Hindi: kaalmegha) (Andrographis paniculata) is used in the Eastern Ghats as an anti-malarial.
Tribal communities in this region are noted for the reverence paid to trees in religious practice.
Western Ghats and West Coast
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69939072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20ethnobotany%20of%20India
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Medical ethnobotany of India
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At least 4,000 plant species have been documented in Northeast India with others likely undiscovered. The region is among the most biodiverse in India, containing half of all Indian species diversity and more than 25% of Indian endemic plants. 1,953 plants are used by tribal peoples of this region, accounting for 80% of all ethnomedicinal plants documented in India.
Medicinal plant taxonomy
At least 37 members of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) have been identified as medicinal plants in NER, 88% of which were found in Arunachal Pradesh. A 2012 survey found the Dimasa tribe (Assam) used non-flowering plants like ferns and cycads. NER has over 80 species of Rhododendron, with multiple documented ethnomedicinal uses.
Local plants and their uses
Because NER is one of the most ethnically and botanically diverse places on the planet, broadly characterizing the utilization of medicinal plants here is difficult. Research into the indigenous use of plants in NER has been conducted since the 1970s. One of the most widely cited species in surveys, Ageratum conyzoides (flowers, leaves, roots and whole plant) is used for throat pain, helminth infections, arthritis, fever, malaria treatment, dysentery, and liver disease. Studies have identified this plant as carcinogenic. Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) is used as treatment for skin infections, helminths, urological disease, toothaches and as a contraceptive. The rhizome of Acorus calamus (calamus, or Vacā in Sanskrit) is documented as a treatment for cough, cold, snake bite, asthma, rheumatic fever, and hemorrhoids. Though calamus is used in NER folk medicine (and in Ayurveda), this plant is considered extremely carcinogenic. Andrographis paniculata has been cited for use in stomach pain, malaria, and jaundice. Another plant widely referenced in ethnobotanical surveys, Callicarpa arborea is used for skin disease, leukorrhea, and treating scorpion stings.
| 3.09375
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69939072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20ethnobotany%20of%20India
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Medical ethnobotany of India
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The Meithei Manipuri people produce herbal vapors for the treatment of 41 diseases, using both single plant species and multi-species concoctions. Rhododendron arboretum is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, throat pain, headaches, and fish bones stuck in throat.
Western Himalayas
The Western Himalayas region consists of the states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and the union territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. The Central (Great) Himalayas are mostly within Nepal though a portion lie within Uttarkand. These states forms part of the foothills of the largest mountains on Earth. Climatically, much of the region is defined by a polar or tundra type climate, but southern portions of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are humid subtropical. Vegetation includes alpine shrubs and meadows, subalpine conifer forests, Himalyan broadleaf dry forests, and subtropical deciduous and pine forests. A portion of dry grassland (the Bhabar) is found in lower Uttarakhand. Predominant trees include chir pine, blue pine, deodar, fir, and juniper.
There is substantial ethnic diversity in this region. At the broadest level, these Himalayan regions contain Indic, Tibetan-Burman, and Afghan-Persian speaking peoples.
In the Western Himalayas, Ladakh contains the nomadic mountain Changpas with agricultural Laddakhis, Dardi, and Balti peoples inhabiting valleys. Kashmir Valley (Jammu & Kashmir) and the Pirpanjal valley (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh) are inhabited by Kashmiris, Gujjars, and Bakkarwal peoples. The Central Himalayas (Uttarakhand) contain the agirucltural Paharis in valley regions and the Tibetan-speaking Bhotiya peoples in the mountains. The Paharis are a diverse group are also found in Kashmir.
Between 4,000 and 5,000 plants are reported in the Western and Central Himalayas. Surveys have identified 1,338 medicinal plant species specifically from the state of Uttarakhand, 948 species from Jammu & Kashmir, and 643 species from Himachal Pradesh.
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69939072
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20ethnobotany%20of%20India
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Medical ethnobotany of India
|
The vast majority of the people are speakers of Hindi languages. Some 90 scheduled tribes are found in these 13 states, including the Bhil and Gond peoples, the two largest Adivasi groups in India, together making up 70% of all members of scheduled tribes. Other tribes surveyed for medicinal plants include the Baiga, Bharia, Halba, Kaul, Korku, Maria, and Sahariya peoples.
Around half of the flowering plants of India are found in these states (11,000-12,000 species). A 2017 survey identified 528 plant species used for medicine in this region. Another study records 610 species used by the tribal people of Rajasthan alone, though this includes food and shelter plants.
Medicinal plant taxonomy
The 528 medicinal plants used in this region belong to 112 families, the most important being the legume (74 species), mallow (30 species), Asteraceae (29 species), mint (24 species), and dogbane (21 species) families.
Local plants and their uses
Leaves are the plant part most frequently utilized. Azadirachta indica is a frequently cited species in ethnobotanical surveys, and used for the most diverse array of treatments. Local uses include treatment for snake bite, scorpion stings, skin disease, wounds, malaria, eczema, diabetes, even leprosy and tuberculosis.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
The Andaman and Nicboar Islands are a union territory located southeast of continental India, consisting of two island chains. These islands have a tropical wet/monsoon climate with tropical rainforest vegetation. The more northerly Andaman Islands have some mixed deciduous forest, with a landscape of steep hills and valleys. Though dominated by a unique rainforest ecosystem, some Nicobar Islands are predominantly grassland and mangrove forests are found throughout coastal areas of both island chains. The islands are home to at least 2650 species of vascular plants and 150 plant families, with around 300 endemic species.
| 2.859375
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69939397
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20of%20Tripoli
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William of Tripoli
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William of Tripoli ( 1254–1273) was a Dominican friar active as a missionary and papal nuncio in the Holy Land. He wrote two works about Islam, towards which he displayed an unusually irenic attitude for his time.
Life
There is little surviving information from which to reconstruct William's biography, and much of the information that is available is not credible. He was born in the first third of the thirteenth century, most likely in the 1220s. The Latin name associated with his works, Guillelmus Tripolitanus (William the Tripolitan), suggests that he was born in Tripoli in the County of Tripoli. He was most likely of French or Italian descent. He probably learned Arabic from a relatively early age.
It is unknown when William entered the Dominican Order. In his works, he refers to himself as "of the priory in Acre of the Order of Preachers". He may have first joined that of Tripoli before joining that of Acre. Following Sultan Baybars's invasion of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1263, William travelled to Rome to inform Pope Urban IV of the poor state of the kingdom's defences, especially at Jaffa. He also reported that monies promised, including by King Louis IX of France, had not been received. In 1264, Urban issued three bulls—one to Louis IX and two to John of Valenciennes—that refer to William as the pope's "dear son" and identify him as a friar from Acre. According to Urban, both Louis and John knew William. Louis probably met him during his stay in the Holy Land between 1250 and 1254.
Urban sent William back to the Holy Land as his nuncio (nuntius) to raise money there. He praises William for "working for the benefit of the [Holy L]and, exposing his own person to dangers on land and sea."
William died after 1273. A surviving list of Dominicans of the priory of Acre from 1280 does not include his name, suggesting that he had by then died. A seventeenth-century source lists him under 19 January, implying that he died on that day.
| 2.578125
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69939424
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubilee%20coinage
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Jubilee coinage
|
The Jubilee coinage or Jubilee head coinage are British coins with an obverse featuring a depiction of Queen Victoria by Joseph Edgar Boehm. The design was placed on the silver and gold circulating coinage beginning in 1887, and on the Maundy coinage beginning in 1888. The depiction of Victoria wearing a crown that was seen as too small was widely mocked, and was replaced in 1893. The series saw the entire issuance of the double florin (1887–1890) and, in 1888, the last issue for circulation of the groat, or fourpence piece, although it was intended for use in British Guiana. No bronze coins (the penny and its fractions) were struck with the Jubilee design.
In 1879 Boehm was selected to create a new depiction of Victoria that could be adapted for the coinageeven though the queen marked her 60th birthday that same year, some British coins still showed her as she appeared forty years previously. Boehm gave only intermittent attention to the project, and it took years before it came to fruition. The queen finally gave approval in early 1887, and the new coinage was prepared. Some of the reverse designs for the coinage were changed at the same time, depicting heraldic imagery and engraved by Leonard Charles Wyon.
When the new coins were released in June 1887, they proved a popular souvenir of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee, but they were criticised for the diminutive crown, and because the reverse designs did not state the value of the coin. The sixpence was gilded by fraudsters to pass as a half sovereign, and it was quickly withdrawn by the Royal Mint, which resumed its old reverse design (stating its value), slightly modified. Royal Mint authorities began to consider replacing the Jubilee issue within a year of its release, and this may have been hastened by Boehm's death in 1890. A committee was created to consider replacements, and the Old Head coinage, with an obverse created by Thomas Brock, began to be struck in 1893.
Background and preparation
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69940476
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber%20of%20Deputies%20of%20San%20Juan
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Chamber of Deputies of San Juan
|
The Chamber of Deputies of San Juan Province () is the unicameral legislative body of San Juan Province, in Argentina. It comprises 36 legislators, 19 of whom are directly elected in single-member districts corresponding to the 19 departments of San Juan, and 17 of whom are elected in a single province-wide multi-member district through proportional representation.
The Chamber of Deputies convened for the first time on 21 January 1821. Its powers and responsibilities are established in the provincial constitution. Elections to the chamber take place every four years, when the entirety of its members are renewed. The legislature is presided by the Vice Governor of San Juan, who is elected alongside the governor every four years.
The Chamber convenes in the provincial capital, the City of San Juan. The current legislative building was originally built in the 1950s as a hotel. It became the official seat of the legislature in 1984.
Since 2019, the president of the Chamber of Deputies has been Roberto Guillermo Gattoni, of the Justicialist Party. Gattoni was elected in the gubernatorial ticket of Sergio Uñac. The Justicialist Party has a majority in the chamber since the 2019 elections, while the largest opposition bloc is Production and Labour.
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69940493
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizotrema
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Schizotrema
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Schizotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2009 by Armin Mangold and H. Thorsten Lumbsch.
Description
The genus Schizotrema consists of lichens with a thallus that can range from being in the to appearing more superficial. The thallus is usually pale in colour and often inconspicuous. Its photosynthetic partner, or , is a green alga from the genus Trentepohlia. The , a structure that sometimes surrounds the edges of the lichen, is faint and brown, blending subtly with the substrate. Some species produce soralia, which are small, discrete, and (dot-like) structures that release powdery reproductive propagules for asexual reproduction.
The ascomata, or sexual reproductive structures are generally rounded and embedded within the thallus. These structures are surrounded by a thick, layered , which may flake away as the lichen ages. The , the tissue surrounding the spore-producing region, is dark brown to black and multilayered. It may or may not react with iodine at its base (amyloid or non-amyloid) and is lined with small hair-like structures known as .
Internally, the hymenium (spore-producing region) is tightly packed and does not react to iodine staining (non-amyloid). The , the network of sterile filaments within the hymenium, is composed of unbranched paraphyses with tips that are not thickened. The asci, which are sac-like structures where spores develop, are (club-shaped) and contain between one and eight spores. These asci also do not react to iodine. The spores produced by Schizotrema are transversely septate (divided by cross-walls) or (divided into multiple compartments by both transverse and longitudinal walls). They are hyaline (colourless) to yellowish, sometimes becoming brown at full maturity, and may have a thin gelatinous coating. Asexual reproductive structures called conidiomata have not been observed to occur in this genus.
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69941316
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen%20Jinggu
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Chen Jinggu
|
Chen Jinggu () is a Chinese protective goddess of women, children, and pregnancy, and is believed by her worshippers to be a former Taoist priestess. She is also known as Lady Linshui (臨水夫人 Linshui furen).
Chen Jinggu is a deity worshipped in Fujian, Taiwan, South China, and across East and Southeast Asia. The legend of Chen Jinggu originated in Fuzhou prefecture. She was also a Taoist priestess of the Lushan School (閭山派). She was virtuous and was worshipped as a goddess after her death. She was acquainted in mediumship or spirit channeling.
Taiwan has more than 130 temples dedicated to Chen, and Fujian has many ancestral temples dedicated to her as well. Today, she is revered as a Taoist and Confucian deity.
Name
The goddess is also nicknamed Madam Chen.
History
Chen Jinggu was born Chen Jing (陳靖) and was called Chen Jinggu (陈靖姑). She was born in Xiadu (下渡), Fuzhou, nowadays Cangshan District, around 766 CE. One source claims she was born in the 2nd year of Dali during the Tang dynasty. Another source says she was born at the end of the Tang dynasty and died in the 5th year of Tiancheng in the Later Tang dynasty. When young, Chen Jinggu went to the Lushan school (or Mount Lü, said to be located in modern Jiangxi) with Lin Jiuniang and Li Sanniang to study under Xu Xun (许逊). But even at Lushan, Chen learned all about Taoism except the traditional female roles of maternity, pregnancy, etc.
After finishing her studies, she returned home and married Liu Qi (劉杞) from Gutian County Ningde. She continued to subdue spirits and help those in need. At the age of 24, Chen Jinggu became pregnant, but she continued to help the people through rain or drought. A drought hit north Fujian, so she used her Taoist powers to create rain, but eventually sacrificed her fetus and herself to save the people and vanquish an evil snake demon. She was honoured as a deity by the people and was bestowed the honorary title Linshui, the goddess who protects the fetus and pregnant women (順產助生護胎佑民女神).
| 2.34375
| 0
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69941378
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia%20in%20the%20Council%20of%20Europe
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Armenia in the Council of Europe
|
Armenia has been a member of the Council of Europe, an international organization that focuses on strengthening democracy, human rights, and the rule of law across Europe, since 2001.
Accession
Article 4 of the Council of Europe Statute specifies that membership in the Council of Europe is open to any European country, provided they meet specific democratic and human rights standards. Armenia became the 42nd member state of the Council of Europe on 25 January 2001. Armenia has been allotted 4 seats in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the parliamentary wing of the Council of Europe.
Armenia is also a member of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, Group of States against Corruption, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice, the Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Eurimages, the Pompidou Group, and the Venice Commission; an advisory body of the Council of Europe.
On 25 January 2021, Ara Ayvazyan, former Minister of Foreign Affairs stated, “By acceding to the Council of Europe, Armenia joined the family of European states, with whom it shares common history, values, and ideals, as well as a vision of a future Europe, where fundamental rights and freedoms are protected for all, without distinction or discrimination,” in a statement on the 20th anniversary of Armenia's membership to the Council of Europe.
Objectives of membership
| 2.5
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69941378
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia%20in%20the%20Council%20of%20Europe
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Armenia in the Council of Europe
|
On 16 February 2023, the Council of Europe Action Plan for Armenia 2023-2026 was officially launched during a ceremony held in Yerevan. The action plan will focus on the advancement of human rights, protection of women's rights and minority rights, fighting corruption, judicial reform, aligning Armenian legislation to European standards, among other goals. Armenian Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan stated, "The action plan is a key instrument in the ambitious reforms agenda of the Armenian government aimed at the further development of democratic institutions in line with European standards, establishment of an independent judiciary and strengthening of anti-corruption institutions." The Foreign Minister reaffirmed the Armenian government's commitment to the principles and values of the Council of Europe, which are stipulated in the Armenian government's program. The allocated budget for the action plan is €19 million.
Bilateral visits
Former Secretary General of the Council of Europe Marija Pejčinović Burić visited Yerevan on 8 April 2024 to meet with Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, Armenian Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan and President of the National Assembly of Armenia Alen Simonyan.
On 25 September 2024, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan held a meeting with Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Alain Berset. Pashinyan stated, "The development of democracy is of strategic importance for the Armenian government and our country will consistently continue to take steps in that direction." Berset emphasized that the Council of Europe is ready to expand cooperation with Armenia, including on the implementation of institutional reforms.
| 1.984375
| 0
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69941626
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAI%20RQ-101%20Songgolmae
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KAI RQ-101 Songgolmae
|
The KAI RQ-101 Songgolmae () is a South Korean military unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by the Agency for Defense Development (ADD) and the Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) in 2000. RQ-101 is an unarmed UAV designed for corps commanders and has been deployed and serviced by the South Korean Army since 2002 to collect military intelligence. It was officially given the name Songgolmae (, "peregrine falcon").
Development and Design
The South Korean Army was using Searcher UAVs, which were introduced from Israel. In 1991, South Korea began developing its own UAVs for use in ground surveillance and reconnaissance operations by Corps-level units of the South Korean Army. Exploratory development of South Korean military UAVs was carried out from 1991 to 1992, and system development began in 1993, and operational tests were conducted to verify performance until 1997, and the development was officially completed in 2000. Officially, it is not known how many RQ-101s are in service with the South Korean Army. According to public sources, there were several dozen in 2017.
The RQ-101 has a wingspan of 6.4 meters (21 ft) and a total length of 4.7 meters (15 ft) and is made of high-strength, light carbon fiber and glass fiber composites. The 52-horsepower (39 kW) engine accelerates the propeller-driven device to a maximum speed of and a cruising speed of . The maximum altitude is about 4,500 meter (14,800 ft). The aircraft can stay in the air for about six hours and cover a radius of to . The gross weight is , the maximum take-off weight is , and it has a payload weight of for military operations.
The aircraft is equipped with electro-optics (EO), forward-looking infrared (FLIR), GPS/INS navigation, and line of sight (LOS) data link for surveillance and reconnaissance and real-time target acquisition. By default, the aircraft has an HD video camera that can send live images.
| 2.390625
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69942352
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20Mawer
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Irene Mawer
|
Irene Mawer (13 March 1893 – 1 December 1962), was an English exponent of mime; drama; voice; and mime in education. She was later known as Irene Dale and Irene Perugini.
Mawer was a co-founder of the Ginner-Mawer School of Dance and Drama (1916-1954) together with Ruby Ginner, and sole founder of the Institute of Mime.
Early life and education
Irene Rose Mawer was born in 1893, in Wandsworth, on the outskirts of London, England - at that time a wealthy and prosperous area. Her father, Henry (Harry) Mawer, was a Yorkshireman, and her mother, Rosina Alberta Mawer (née Turner), was originally from Devon.
As a child at home, Mawer was almost always alone, and her favourite pastime was to make up little plays and act them out around the house and in the garden. As an adult, she remembered these games and used them as a basis for teaching mime to infants, known at Ginner-Mawer as 'Bobblies'. Mawer attended Putney High School for Girls, where the aims were to educate and inspire the pupils and to help them find passions and achieve ambitions. The headmistress, Miss Major, fostered and developed Mawer's love of Ancient Greece.
Prior to the death of her father in 1909, Mawer's upbringing had been affluent. Census returns show live-in staff at the large family home, and newspaper reports describe participation in fashionable society weddings.
In later life, Mawer founded the Institute of Mime where the focus was on education through movement. However, Mawer was also passionate about words and had planned to study literature at university, but family circumstances prevented this. As soon as the opportunity arose, Mawer again took up her studies, this time working in the dramatic arts with Madame Kate Flinn.
Irene was accepted as a student of Elsie Fogerty at the Central School of Speech and Drama where she also undertook the role of Pivot Club Social Secretary in 1915.
Career
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69942352
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20Mawer
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Irene Mawer
|
During the course of her studies at the Central School of Speech and Drama Mawer met Ruby Ginner and they formed a friendship which was to last for the next 47 years, until Mawer's death.
In 1916, while a student at Central School of Speech and Drama, Ruby Ginner's theatre company presented a mime play called 'Et Puis Bonsoir', with Mawer in the role of Harlequin. On the second day of rehearsal, Ruby Ginner was taken ill and left a bemused Mawer in charge. Thus began Mawer's first attempt at teaching on her own terms. This was also the start of the professional partnership which became the Ginner-Mawer School of Dance and Drama.
Mawer learned much of the theory of rhythmic movement and of how muscles and the nervous system developed from her attendance at Ruby Ginner's dance classes. She then put this together with Elsie Fogerty's Greek Chorus lessons on co-ordination of the rhythms of speech and movement and this led to her own technical basis for the teaching of mime.
Mawer was also interested in words, and in the relationship between words and movement. In 1925 she published a book entitled 'The Dance of Words' containing poems, or 'word-rhythms', which were intended to be connected to movement. In the book, Mawer demonstrated her experimental work with art forms, most especially with Ruby Ginner's Revived (Classical) Greek Dance. This experimental body of work began in 1916 when Mawer, with Ginner, gave her first public demonstration of 'verse dancing'.
In 1920 and again in 1925/26 Mawer worked closely with Sybil Thorndike and Lewis Casson in their double bill of Greek Tragedy plays ('The Trojan Women'; 'Medea'). Mawer produced the Greek Chorus and also acted in the plays. In 1928 Irene performed what was to become her defining role, that of Pierrot in 'L'Enfant Prodigue', a mime play by Michel Carré.
| 2.671875
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69942352
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20Mawer
|
Irene Mawer
|
In England, alumni of the Institute of Mime included Rose Bruford who taught at both the Royal Academy of Music (RAM) and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) and then opened her own school in 1950 - the Rose Bruford Training College of Speech and Drama, now the Rose Bruford College of Theatre and Performance. Other alumni staff appointments included positions at the Central School of Speech and Drama (later known as the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama); the Ben Greet Academy, the Webber-Douglas School of Acting (later known as the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art); the Incorporated London Academy of Music; the Headquarters of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), plus lecturers for the National Federation of Women's Institutes (WI).
In 2009, 47 years after her death, one of Mawer's poems, 'The Tree in the Wind', was used as an examination question at the Kernersville Elementary School in North Carolina, USA. Originally published in Mawer's book of poetry, 'The Dance of Words', in 1925, the poem was still being used in 2022 by pupils in North Carolina as part of on-line teaching resources.
Personal life
Irene Mawer was the youngest of six children and survived her parents and all of her siblings.
In 1917, Mawer married Robert Jacomb Norris Dale, who was killed in action during World War I, leaving her a widow after 10 months of marriage at the age of 24.
Dale had been talented at art, the law, and sport; his story is told in a book which pays tribute to some of the players from Rosslyn Park Rugby Club, where he had been a member.
In 1930 Mawer married for a second time, to fellow Londoner and widower, Mark Edward Perugini (1876-1948), a theatre historian, journalist, author and great nephew by marriage of Charles Dickens. Perugini's books include 'A Pageant of the Dance and Ballet'; 'The Flame: a pantomime in one act'; 'The Art of Ballet'; 'Mime'; 'Victorian Days and Ways'; 'Enter Victoria'; 'The Omnibus Box'.
There were no children or step-children from either marriage.
| 2.078125
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69942692
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newry%2C%20Warrenpoint%20and%20Rostrevor%20Railway
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Newry, Warrenpoint and Rostrevor Railway
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The Newry, Warrenpoint and Rostrevor Railway (NW&RR) was a former railway line linking Newry and the port of Warrenpoint on the Carlingford Lough inlet in Ireland, and the company operating it. The railway was absorbed into the Great Northern Railway of Ireland in 1886 and the line closed in 1965.
History
The NW&RR was incorporated by the (9 & 10 Vict. c. ccxlv) on 27 July 1846 but was only able to reach the to the port of Warrenpoint, the additional stretch to Rostrevor some further on was never to be built. The directors contracted William Dargan to construct the line which was completed in 1 years, publicly opening on 28 May 1849.
The line was not initially connected to any other. In 1864 the Newry and Armagh Railway (N&AR) made a branch from on the Belfast to Dublin main line to their station at Edward Street. At the same time the NW&RR, who had recognised the need to connect to main Irish rail network since 1852, crossed the Newry (Clanrye) River and relocated northern terminus station from Kilmorey Street to Dublin Bridge. In the event following protracted negotiations with the Newry Navigation Company parliamentary permission was granted for the Town of Newry Connecting Railway Company to establish the line crossing the Newry Canal, the link costing £12,700 opening on 2 September 1861, and involving five level crossings.
On 1 August 1876 the Dundalk, Newry and Greenore Railway (DN&GR), backed by the London North Western Railway (LNWR) of England, opened their line to a temporary terminus at Newry Bridge Street, the connection Albert Street and the rest of the Network at Newry only opening 1 July 1880. The LNWR began their Holyhead to Greenore service on 2 August 1876, and Patterson observes the NW&RR would likely have realised it was then implausible that Warrenpoint, which had never really challenged Newry as a port, would ever establish itself for cross-channel trade.
| 2.15625
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69943198
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS%20Carondelet
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CSS Carondelet
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After her commissioning, Carondelet was placed under the command of First Lieutenant Washington Gwathmey. As sailors were in short supply, the ship's crew was supplemented by 30 Confederate States Army soldiers from the garrison of Fort Pike. The 42-pounder guns had also come from Army stockpiles. On April 3, two Union Navy shipsthe steamers USS New London and USS John P. Jackson and the troop transport USS Henry Lewis left Biloxi, Mississippi, to move against Confederate positions at Pass Christian. Along with the gunboats CSS Oregon and CSS Pamlico, Carondelet moved to combat the Union vessels on April 4. Henry Lewis withdrew after a Confederate shot struck her deck, wounding three men, and two shots probably fired by Carondelet caused minor damage to John P. Jackson. However, after both Oregon and Carondelet were hit in their wheels and the steamer USS Hatteras arrived to reinforce the Union ships, the Confederate vessels withdrew to Lake Pontchartrain, guarding the Chef Menteur Pass and the Rigolets. The 1,200 troops aboard Henry Lewis were then unloaded onto shore, and the Union forces captured the Pass Christian area and destroyed a local Confederate camp.
| 2.1875
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69943201
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Hutchinson%20%28jockey%29
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Ron Hutchinson (jockey)
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Ron Hutchinson (born 14 December 1927) is a retired Australian jockey, who won over 1000 races in Europe. In a 37-year racing career, he was successful across three continents.
Early life
Ronald Robert Hutchinson was born in Yarraville, eight kilometres outside Melbourne, to a plumber and a housewife. At the time, Yarraville was a heavily industrialised suburb which was struggling amid the Great Depression. He attended the Powell Street State School in the town.
He had no contact with horses as a young child, but became a fan of jockeys Harold Badger and Bill Duncan through reading about them in newspapers. He was also inspired by the 1938 film Stablemates and the horseracing newsreels shown before films at the local Sun Theatre where he worked selling sweets.
At school, he was asked to write an essay on what he wanted to be when he grew up and he chose to write about becoming a jockey. A woodwork teacher, who also gambled, knew the trainer Claude Goodfellow and introduced the young boy to him. Goodfellow had tutored champion jump jockey Laurie Meenan, Melbourne Cup winner Ossie Phillips, and Peter Simonds who had a 70-year riding and training career. He took Hutchinson on as apprentice. It helped that Hutchinson was very small, at the time just 157.5 cm. Hutchinson's parents actively discouraged him from pursuing a career in the sport, believing everyone involved to be crooks, although an uncle had a hairdressing salon opposite the stables at Flemington and would tell colourful stories about racing, which may have been a further influence on the boy. His father and uncle would later keep a scrapbook of his successes.
Career
| 2.109375
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69943822
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Block%20Lewis
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Helen Block Lewis
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Helen Block Lewis (August 22, 1913 – January 18, 1987) was an American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Her work pioneered the study of the differences between guilt and shame. She founded the journal Psychoanalytic Psychology, taught at universities, was the psychoanalysis division president of the American Psychological Association, and wrote several books. Her books include Shame and Guilt in Neurosis, Psychic War in Men and Women, Freud and Modern Psychology volume 1 and 2, Sex and the Superego, and The Role of Shame in Symptom Formation.
Personal life and death
Helen Block Lewis was born on Henry Street in Manhattan, New York City, in 1913. She was a first-generation American and her parents were Eastern European Jews. While attending Barnard College at age 16, Lewis was in charge of the student newspaper and became a communist Lewis graduated from Columbia University with a doctorate degree. She married classicist Naphtali Lewis. Her daughter is psychiatrist Judith Lewis Herman and Lewis encouraged her in academia while suggesting that she attend medical school to have "more power". Lewis also had a son John B. and two grandchildren. Lewis died at age 73 due to cancer at her Cambridge, Massachusetts, home on January 18, 1987.
| 2.078125
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69943963
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladonia%20inflata
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Cladonia inflata
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Cladonia inflata is a rare species of terricolous (ground-dwelling) lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in Bahia, Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from Palmeiras, on the Mount of Pai Inácio (part of the Chapada Diamantina mountains), at an altitude between ; here the lichen was found growing on siliceous sandstone rock in a transitional forest. Cladonia inflata is only known to occur at the type locality, and is only known from the type specimen. At this location the lichen is conspicuous but not abundant, and forms extensive mats with many other Cladonia species, such as C. bahiana, C. clathrata, C. dissecta, C. divaricata, C. friabilis, C. furfuracea, C. metaminiata, C. miniata, C. obscurata, C. parvipes, C. pityrophylla, C. polyscypha, C. salmonea, C. secundana, and C. substellata. The lichen has a fruticose (bushy), mineral-grey thallus that consists of upright hollow podetia measuring about high, atop a cushion up to in diameter. It contains the secondary compound fumarprotocetraric acid. The specific epithet inflata refers to the inflated thallus of the lichen.
| 1.945313
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69944022
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand%20N.%20O.%20Walker
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Bertrand N. O. Walker
|
As Hen-Toh, Walker published two books, both issued by the Harlow Publishing Company in Oklahoma City. Tales of the Bark Lodges (1919), a collection of twelve stories, and Yon-Doo-Shah-We-Ah (Nubbins) (1924), a volume of poetry, chiefly character sketches and narratives. He also published in the Indian School Journal, Chronicles of Oklahoma, and other periodicals. Many of his folk-tales and poems are written in what he described as "the broken dialect peculiar alone to the 'old time Indian.'" As Daniel F. Littlefield and James W. Parins have noted, "Hen-Toh's close contact with old Wyandots had provided him a familiarity with not only Wyandot history and culture but also the rhythms of their English speech."
Despite his slim output Walker's work has been widely anthologized, most fully in Robert Dale Parker's collection of American Indian poetry published before 1930, Changing is not Vanishing (2010). In 2022, the proprietor of Carpe Librum, an antiquarian bookseller, discovered a substantial archive of unpublished manuscripts by Walker. According to the bookseller, the archive, which includes 30 poems and 20 stories, "more than doubles the known corpus of writings by B. N. O. Walker." The archive was sold to a research library.
Critical reception
A number of scholars of Native American literature have drawn attention to Walker's work. One historian has called his writing "unabashedly romantic.” Another singled out for praise the “interesting character sketches and narratives” of Yon-Doo-Shah-We-Ah (Nubbins).
| 2.4375
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69944124
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Morris%20Gale
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James Morris Gale
|
Work commenced in 1855. The aqueduct is divided into two parts. The first is 41.5 kilometres (25.7 miles) long, between Loch Katrine and Mugdock Reservoir, on the outskirts of Milngavie. The second part is a 13 km (8 miles) aqueduct of twin cast iron pipes from the reservoir into Glasgow. The 2.4m diameter subterranean tunnels are unlined and have been constructed to a flat gradient of 158mm per km (about 10 inches per mile). In 1859 the first stage of the works were completed. This included the first semicircular gauge basin in Mugdock Reservoir. It was opened by Queen Victoria on 14 October 1859 by opening a sluice near the centre of the south bank of Loch Katrine. Water began flowing into Glasgow on 28 December 1859. The works up to this point cost £1,330,000. Gale was then appointed chief engineer of the Glasgow Corporation Waterworks and took entire charge of the project.
Gale contributed to Thomas Annan's "Photographic views of Loch Katrine, and some of the principal works constructed for introducing the water of Loch Katrine to the city of Glasgow" (1877), providing descriptive notes to Annan's photographs.
At the end of 1881 Glasgow had increased in population so greatly that it became apparent a larger supply of water than the aqueduct could convey from Loch Katrine would be required within a few years. Accordingly an act was obtained in 1882 for the construction of an additional service reservoir adjoining the Mugdock reservoir, to be named Craigmaddie Reservoir. In 1885 a further act was obtained which gave power to duplicate the aqueduct, to raise the level of the water in Loch Katrine 5 feet higher, and to convert Loch Arklet into a reservoir by raising its water level 25 feet. Gale designed and led the new works.
| 2.71875
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69944518
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladonia%20lichexanthonica
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Cladonia lichexanthonica
|
Cladonia lichexanthonica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) squamulose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It is widely distributed in Brazil.
Taxonomy
The species was formally described as new to science in 2018 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Morro do Pai Inácio (in Chapada Diamantina National Park) at an elevation between ; here the lichen was found growing on siliceous sandstone rock in a transitional forest.
Description
The lichen has a squamulose (scaley) thallus measuring up to in diameter; this consists of a thick crust comprising individual crowded squamules, pale-olive green to olive brown, measuring 1–5 mm in size. The specific epithet lichexanthonica refers to the presence of lichexanthone, a secondary compound that was not previously known to occur in genus Cladonia.
Distribution
Cladonia lichexanthonica was originally known to occur only at the type locality (part of the Chapada Diamantina mountains), and was only known from the type specimen. Since then, its known range has expanded considerably, having been recorded from the states of Minas Gerais, Paraná, Sergipe, and Rio de Janeiro.
| 2.140625
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69944636
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirant%20state
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Aspirant state
|
An aspirant state is a polity which seeks to achieve international recognition as a sovereign state. This can involve separatist polities seceding from their parent state with or without legal permission or individuals seeking to establish a novel state in what is considered international territory. Regardless of its founding circumstances, all aspirant states claim sovereignty over their claimed territory and seek formal recognition of their statehood in international society. Such an entity is only considered an aspirant state while it formally claims sovereignty but has not achieved international recognition as a sovereign state. Consequently, an aspirant state could be recognized by no other political entities or many other political entities, its status as an aspirant state or a sovereign state is subjective and there are multiple different theories which seek to delineate what qualifies as statehood.
Examples of aspirant states can include sovereignty seeking forms of: micronations, aspirant nations, disputed states, quasi-states, and proto-states.
| 2.3125
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69944747
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20Route%2067%20in%20Illinois
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U.S. Route 67 in Illinois
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Flooding and ice floes on the Rock River in March 1937 wrought havoc on the two crossings at Vandruff Island between Milan and Rock Island. Men were standing at the feet of the closed bridges with poles trying to force chunks of ice underneath. Traffic was rerouted over the US 150 high bridge in Moline while the bridges were closed. The bridges were reopened after the waters receded and the ice could pass beneath them. On March 23, damage from the flood and ice became evident when the southern pier on the southern bridge began to fail. The bridge did not give way, but it did lean noticeably. The local highway supervisor noted that the pier rested on bedrock, so simply jacking up the bridge back into position would make it suitable for vehicular traffic. The bridge reopened at 7:30 pm on April 3, but closed an hour later when it began to sag once again. It reopened a few days later after the bridges beams were underpinned. A $1.5-million project (equivalent to $ in ) to replace the four bridges that connected Rock Island and Milan was completed in November 1949.
The highway was programmed to enter Illinois at Alton, but since it was AASHO policy then that no U.S. Highways crossed toll bridges, as the Clark Bridge was at the time, another temporary route was created so it would enter Illinois via the Free Bridge with US 66 and then north via Route 3 toward Alton. In March 1939, the Illinois Division of Highways announced some changes to the routing of US 67. The U.S. Highway would finally enter Illinois at Alton. The temporary routing from downtown St. Louis was to become US 67 Alternate. A few months later, on the eleventh anniversary of the opening of the Lewis Bridge and Clark Bridge, officials from St. Louis County, Missouri, announced that $450,000 of bonds (equivalent to $ in ) had been paid off and only a small amount of debt remained before the bridges would become a toll-free crossing.
| 2.375
| 0
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69946303
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herangi%20Range
|
Herangi Range
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Piritoki Reef
Piritoki Reef lies about north of Tirua Point. Its sharp rocks create an area of turbulent sea. They rise to about a metre above sea level. The Northern Steamship Company's 307 ton Kia Ora foundered on the reef in fog on 13 June 1907, with the loss of 3 lives. The Chief Officer was blamed, with a suspicion of being inebriated, but his suspended certificate was returned within a few months.
Tirua Point
Tirua Point has cliffs on the north side of the Point rising to over . In the 1860s it was thought the country was at its widest between Tolaga Bay and Tirua Point. The 1:50,000 map shows the easting of the northern headland of Ngararahae Bay, just south of Tirua Point as 1742785, and Marau Point, on the north side of Kaiaua Bay, on same latitude on the east coast, as 2068929 the difference being just over .
Tirua Point is on Nukuhakari Station, where grazing increased the advance of dunes in both Nukuhakari and Ngararahae Bays. Thousands of spinifex, planted in 2015, 2016 and 2017, have reduced sand movement.
Geology
Herangi is part of the roughly north - south Kāwhia Syncline, Triassic Newcastle Group form the west side of the range, with sandstones, siltstones and greywacke folded, faulted and covered by Middle Jurassic Rengarenga carbonaceous sandstone and other sedimentary rocks. The main rivers flow across broad alluvial floodplains, from which the hills of Mesozoic rock rise sharply. Steep homoclinal ridges and hogbacks are prominent, with dip slopes often underlain by more resistant sandstone. The coast has near-vertical cliffs, generally behind an ironsand beach.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefanus%20Gie
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Stefanus Gie
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Stefanus François Naudé Gie (13 July 1884 – 10 April 1945) was a South African historian, politician, and diplomat.
Educator
Gie was born in Worcester, Cape Colony (now the Western Cape province) to an Afrikaner family. He was of Dutch, French and German descent. His parents were Coenraad Johannes Carolus Gie and Martha Naude. Gie was educated at the Worcester Boys High School and at the Victoria College (now Stellenbosch University) in Stellenbosch. Subsequently, he studied at the University of Amsterdam and at Humboldt University of Berlin, where he received his PhD. Gie's PhD supervisor was Friedrich Meinecke, one of the most famous German historians of his generation. Gie's PhD thesis was Die Kanditatur Ludwigs XIV bei der Kaiserwahl vom Jahre 1658, concerning the candidacy of King Louis XIV of France for the office of Holy Roman Emperor in 1658.
Between 1906 and 1909, he worked as a teacher in Cradock and Worcester. In 1910, he was promoted to Inspector of Schools. In 1911, he became the Principal of the Teachers’ Training College in Graaff-Reinett. Gie married Johanna Jordaan and had three sons, namely Coenraad, Johan, and Gert. As an Afrikaner nationalist, he was keen to promote cultural projects that would uphold a sense of Afrikaner identity. In 1915, he was a founding member of the Letterkundige en Toneel Vereniging theater company in Graaff-Reinet. Gie served as both a director and an actor with the Letterkundige en Toneel Vereniging company.
In 1918, he became the first ever professor of South African History at Stellenbosch University, rising up to become the Chair of the South African History department at Stellenbosch. The South African historian W.S. Barnard described Gie as "a sophisticated, but ardent Afrikaner nationalist" who successfully championed to have the language of instruction at Stellenbosch changed from Dutch to Afrikaans.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefanus%20Gie
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Stefanus Gie
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Diplomat
From 1934 to 1939, he served as the South African minister-plenipotentiary to Germany. Gie was a Germanophile who very much enjoyed his positing in Berlin, the city where he was awarded his PhD. Gie embraced Nazism. In his dispatches to Pretoria he portrayed the Nazi regime in the most favorable light possible while constantly going on about alleged "conspiracies" by the Jews against Germany. Gie attributed to the Jews vast and sinister powers to manipulate world politics and economies, and in his reading of events Germany was forever the victim of the Jews. The Prime Minister J. B. M. Hertzog did not share Gie's antisemitism, but the mostly positive picture of the Third Reich presented by Gie was used by the prime minister to support his foreign policy. Hertzog also worked as his own foreign minister, and all of Gie's dispatches went straight to him. Hertzog was not anti-Semitic, but he was an ardent Germanophile. The deputy Prime Minister, Jan Smuts was a Christian Zionist who worked closely with various Zionist leaders, and he had an anti-anti-Semitic viewpoint. As a consequence, Gie's relations with Smuts were difficult as Gie was openly hostile towards Smut's Zionism.
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69946551
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefanus%20Gie
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Stefanus Gie
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On 22 October 1935, Gie wrote to the Secretary of External Affairs, Helgard Bodenstein, that the South African Legation in Berlin was being overwhelmed with German Jews seeking to immigrate to South Africa. Gie had an extremely negative view of the German Jews who were lining up in front of the legation on every weekday, writing to Bodenstein that he thought that most of them were Communists, and even those who were not he doubted would fit in very well into South Africa. Gie was in frequent contact with Eric Louw, the South African minister-plenipotentiary in Paris, who shared his antisemitism. In January 1936, Louw submitted to Hertzog a "Memorandum on European Emigration To South Africa" that was co-signed by himself; Gie; Charles te Water, the High Commissioner in London; Wilhelm Heymans, the minister-plenipotentiary in Rome; and Hermann van Broekhuizen, the minister-plenipotentiary in The Hague. The memo is more commonly known as the "te Water Memorandum" as te Water was the best known South African diplomat in the world at the time. The memo warned that South Africa was on the verge of receiving a massive number of European Jews, which the document stated were of "...a type in question that does not inspire confidence. Can South Africa without detriment and even danger to its national interests continue to allow its commerce and related vocations to be fed by recruits of this type from overseas?" The memo ended with the warning that continuing Jewish immigration would affect "the future racial, social and economic structures of White South Africa", and advised ending Jewish immigration at once.
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69948024
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweimeh
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Sweimeh
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Sweimeh () is a village located in the southern Jordan Valley, in the Balqa Governorate of Jordan. Its population is around 5000, within 726 households.
Sweimeh's economy is based on agriculture, alongside small projects of trading and tourism. The level of employment is low. In recent years, a seaside resort with hotels, bars, clubs, restaurants, and shopping was built at the northern tip of the Dead Sea near Sweimeh. It is also the site of the King Hussein Bin Talal Convention Center.
Sweimeh is commonly identified with the biblical town of Beth-jeshimoth.
History
During the Iron Age, Sweimeh was the site of an Israelite town known as Beth-jeshimoth (). It is mentioned in four verses of the Hebrew Bible: , , and . According to the Book of Numbers, the Israelites encamped in Beth-jeshimoth during their wilderness journeys. In the Book of Joshua, it is mentioned as part of the land allocated to the Tribe of Reuben. Ezekiel lists it as one of three cities which constitute "the glory of the country" of Moab, in a passage in which God promises to punish Moab.
In classical antiquity, Beth-jeshimoth was known under its Graecised name, Bezemoth. According to Josephus, during the First Jewish-Roman War, Bezemoth was captured by the Roman army, and was used by them to resettle deserters who had joined the Roman ranks.
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77401637
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betawi%20Museum
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Betawi Museum
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Betawi Museum (Indonesian: Museum Betawi, also known as Museum Betawi Setu Babakan), is a cultural museum located on RM. Kahfi II Street in the Jagakarsa district of Jakarta, Indonesia. The museum showcases collections related to the activities of the Betawi ethnic group.
History
The museum was constructed over three years from 2012 to 2015, and was initially one of the units managed by the Betawi Cultural Village management body. On July 30, 2017, the museum was officially opened and made available for public visits during the 11th Betawi Lebaran celebration, attended by Indonesian President Joko Widodo.
At the beginning of its opening, only one room was available, displaying collections borrowed from various museums such as the Fatahillah Museum, Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin Building, Textile Museum, Wayang Museum, and Maritime Museum. In 2018, the exhibition space was expanded to two floors, with the first and third floors used as museum spaces, while the second floor remained an office. Eventually, by 2020, the entire building from the first to the third floor was fully utilized as exhibition space for the museum.
On January 11, 2022, Museum Betawi was officially registered and included in the museum database compiled by the Directorate of Cultural Heritage Preservation under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia.
Collections and building structure
The three-story building is situated on a 3.2-hectare site, in Zone A area. These three floors house various collections.
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77401725
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzayma%20ibn%20Mudrika
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Khuzayma ibn Mudrika
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Khuzaymah ibn Mudrikah () was one of the ancestors of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the Kinana and Banu Asad tribes. He was also the brother of Hudhayl, the progenitor of the Banu Hudhayl tribe.
Khuzaymah was the first man in the Arabian Peninsula to have worshipped the statue of Hubal. Worship of Hubal continued after his death until the 7th century CE due to the rise of the Islamic religion, where Hubal was ultimately destroyed in the Conquest of Mecca.
Genealogy
Ibn Ishaq cites the full ancestral lineage of Khuzaymah as "Khuzaymah, son of Mudrikah, son of Ilyas, son of Mudar, son of Nizar, son of Ma'ad, son of Adnan", and then lists down a few generations of ancestors that ultimately lead back to Ishmael and Abraham.
Family
Khuzaymah was the son of Mudrikah ibn Ilyas and also a sixth generation descendant of Adnan. His brother was Hudhayl, whose descendants are the Banu Hudhayl tribe. Khuzaymah married an Arab woman named 'Awanah and a son named Kinana was produced from this marriage; Kinana would later be the progenitor of the Banu Kinana.
Khuzaymah had three other sons named Asad, Asadah and al-Hun. Asad was the progenitor of Banu Asad ibn Khuzaymah. Asadah moved to Yemen, and is considered as an ancestor of the Lakhmids who would eventually become a powerful kingdom that ruled al-Hira from the 4th century CE until the Rashidun Caliphate expanded its dominion into Sasanid territories.
Muhammad's lineage back to Adnan through Khuzaymah has been affirmed by the later Islamic scholars which include Ibn Hisham, Tabari, Ibn Kathir and also Saifur Rahman Mubarakpuri, who all state that Khuzaymah is an ancestor of the prophet through his son Kinana.
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77402146
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Habington
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Mary Habington
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The fugitives hid in carefully concealed priest holes in the long gallery behind panelling (the gallery at Hindlip went around the house "four square" probably at attic level), and built into the chimneys of the house. Bromley and his men stayed at Hindlip, hoping to starve them out of their hiding places. Some of the priests were supplied with drinks and caudle using a quill or straw from a gentlewoman's bedchamber, presumably by Mary Habington, Dorothy Habington, or Anne Vaux, or their trusted servants.
Thomas Habington had been away visiting Sir John Talbot at Pepperhill (at Albrighton). Talbot was the father-in-law of the conspirator Robert Winter. When he returned to Hindlip, he swore there were no priests in the house. Bromley arrested him. Nicholas Owen and Ralph Ashley had no more food than an apple. They left their hiding place in the gallery and tried to evade the watchers, but were captured. They did not reveal their hiding place and the search redoubled. Six days later Henry Garnet and Edward Oldcorne were discovered and surrendered to Bromley. They had started their concealment with a supply of sweetmeats and marmalade (presumably provided by the gentlewomen of the house). Their hiding place was accessed by a trapdoor under the brick hearth of the room above.
Owen may have been the designer of the priest holes at Hindlip. Garnet later referred to his conversations with Oldcorne and their general confessions to each other in the "hole at Hindlip". He also wrote that he would have surrendered himself to Thomas Habington, if he had known that a specific proclamation for his arrest had been made on 15 January.
Mary Habington remained at Hindlip during the searches. Bromley wrote that he "could by no means persuade the Gentlewoman of the house to depart the house, without I should have carried her". He noted that the captives asked for their linen which her maid had washed.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Habington
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Mary Habington
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Thomas Habington was questioned about who brought the letter to Hindlip warning of the Bromley's raid. Mary Habington was also questioned about the warning letter. According to Thomas, neither of them named William Colles. The note giving warning of the search had been found by Bromley in Edward Oldcorne's room at Hindlip. His defence included his absence from the house at the time the fugitives took to their hiding places.
Thomas was found guilty on 4 April (of harbouring Garnet), but his life was saved, because of his confessions, and the intervention of Lord Monteagle. The Habington estates property was forfeited, and given to John Drummond (of Hawthornden, a royal usher), though Habington seems to have continued to live at Hindlip. When he made his will in 1642, Mary Habington was still alive.
Dorothy Habington (Thomas' sister) was also included in the attainder of 1606, and forfeited her lands including the manors or farms of Gate and Glossoms in Sussex (near Beckley), and the manor of Hallow in Worcestershire, where her father had hunted with Elizabeth I in August 1575.
Portraits
A portrait at Hindlip said to be hers was engraved for Treadway Russell Nash's Collections for the history of Worcestershire. Nash mentioned in an Archaeologia article a portrait at Hindlip of Elizabeth Stanley, Lady Morley, Mary Habington's mother. A picture of Robert Winter was displayed at Woollas Hall in Eckington. Nash and Edmond Malone mention that the Hindlip collection in the 18th-century included a portrait said to be of the conspirator Thomas Percy.
Children
Her children included:
William Habington, who married Lucy Herbert, a daughter of William Herbert, 1st Baron Powis
Anthony Habington
Frances Habington, who married John Braithwaite
Mary Habington, who married Walter Compton
Elizabeth Habington, who married Francis Fountain
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77402408
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr%20S%C5%82awinski
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Piotr Sławinski
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Piotr Sławinski (Lithuanian: Petras Slavinskis; 29 June 1795 – 30 May 1881) was a Polish astronomer of the Russian Empire. He was the fifth director of the Vilnius University Astronomical Observatory (1825–1843) and one of the founders of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1820, being its youngest.
Biography
Early life
Piotr Sławinski was born on 29 June 1795 in the Kena manor, near modern-day Vilnius. His home country of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth would cease to exist just a few months later after the partitions by the Habsburg monarchy, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire. He was named after Saint Peter as his birth coincided with the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, which is observed on 29 June. His parents were Jan Sławinski, a landowner, and Marianna née Mackiewicz. At sixteen years old in 1811 Sławinski was already a student of the physics-mathematics department of Vilnius University, studying mathematics and philosophy. In 1815 Sławinski defended his master's degree, and was appointed as a student assistant of the Vilnius University Astronomical Observatory. Two years later, in 1817, he gained his doctoral degree for his work on eclipses. The rector of the university and director of the university's observatory Jan Śniadecki invited Sławinski to become his assistant and read lectures on astronomy. Supposedly, Sławinski inspired Ignacy Domeyko, who was later a dissident and scientist of Chile. Śniadecki was known for demanding not only talent, but also hard work and complete dedication to science from his assistants.
Travels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr%20S%C5%82awinski
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Piotr Sławinski
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Later years
In 1839 Sławinski and others participated in the opening of the Pulkovo Observatory. In 1843 the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ordered that a large part of the Vilnius University observatory's library (487 volumes in total, one-third of all the books) be transferred to Pulkovo Observatory. Sławinski could not reject the order, since his observatory was subordinate to the one in Pulkovo. That same year, Sławinski promptly resigned from his position as director; it is believed that the aforementioned confiscation of books was the real reason he retired. It has also been suggested that Sławinski's fieldwork had damaged his health, suffering from severe encephalitis.
Sławinski inherited his father's farm and then turned to farming at his home in Kena for the next thirty-eight years. A large fire in 1855 burned Sławinski's archive of letters and books dedicated to him.
Sławinski died on 30 June 1881. The Vilnius University observatory closed that same year. Sławinski was buried in Rasos Cemetery. According to another source, he was buried in Kena.
Remembrance
His gravestone was restored in 2017 after a successful financial appeal by a Polish radio station. He was described as a "well-deserved professor of astronomy". At the 150th jubilee of the Royal Astronomical Society, Sławinski's surviving textbook on astronomy with his signature, and a medal of Nicolaus Copernicus he gifted to the society, was exhibited.
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77402508
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edhem%20Eldem
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Edhem Eldem
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Edhem Eldem (born 1960, Geneva), Turkish historian, author and academic.
Early life and education
Edhem Eldem was born in Geneva, Switzerland in 1960. He completed his high school education at Lycée Saint-Joseph, Istanbul in 1977. In the same year, he was admitted to the Industrial Engineering Department of Boğaziçi University, but transferred to the Department of Political Science in 1979 and graduated in 1982.
After completing his master's degree in political science and public administration at the Boğaziçi University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences between 1982 and 1983, he went to France with a scholarship from the French government and wrote his thesis "French Trade in Istanbul in the Eighteenth Century" under the advisory of Robert Mantran at the University of Provence. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1989.
Career
Between 1982 and 1983 he worked as a research assistant at Boğaziçi University, Department of History. He worked as a researcher at the French Institute of Anatolian Studies. He was a lecturer in the Department of History at Boğaziçi University for six months in 1989, an assistant professor between 1989 and 1991, an associate professor between 1991 and 1998, and a professor between 1998 and 2024. Trustee rector Naci İnci’s management's mobbing pushed him to retire from Boğaziçi University.
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77402588
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Yaropolkovna%20of%20Minsk
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Princess Yaropolkovna of Minsk
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Historical context
The marriage was probably the result of the desire of prince Vseslav Bryachislavich of Polotsk to enlist the support of the family of prince Iziaslav I Yaroslavich of Kiev (died 1078) in the struggle against his brother Vsevolod Yaroslavich (prince of Kiev 1078–1093). According to Litvina & Uspenskij (2013), this was the first matrimonial union in Kievan Rus' between members of the reigning clan, the so-called Rurikids (or Volodimerovichi): Gleb and princess Yaropolkovna, as great-great-grandchildren of Volodimer I of Kiev in the male line, were related in the eighth degree; marriages between siblings-in-law up to the seventh degree were forbidden by church norms, so foreign women usually became the wives of Rus' princes.
When Vseslav died in 1101, the Principality of Polotsk split into six appanages: Polotsk, Drutsk, Minsk (to Gleb Vseslavich), Vitebsk, Lukoml', and probably Iziaslavl' (Zaslawye). Soon thereafter, internecine conflict broke out between the six sons of Vseslav, several times prompting the intervention of the prince of Kiev and other southern princes: Vladimir II Monomakh intervened in 1115 (6623) and/or 1116 (6624), again in 1119–21, and Mstislav I of Kiev in 1127, rearranging the balance of power in the broader Polotskian realm. It was during Monomakh's second intervention that Minsk was captured, Gleb Vseslavich was taken captive to Kiev, where he died, thus widowing his wife, princess Yaropolkovna of Minsk. It is unclear what happened to the principality of Minsk thereafter, but Inés García de la Puente (2012) theorised, based on the available textual, linguistic, historical and archaeological evidence, that Monomakh and subsequent princes of Kiev continuously left princess Yaropolkovna to reign in Minsk under their supervision, rather than appointing yet more quarrelsome sons or grandsons of Vseslav, especially after most of them were exiled in 1129/30. Raffensperger & Birnbaum (2021) accepted Garcia de la Puente's explanation.
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77402767
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%20Ki%20Shakti%20Puja
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Ram Ki Shakti Puja
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Ram Ki Shakti Puja (ISO: ) is a poem in Hindi by Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'. It was published in 1937 in the second edition of Nirala's poetry collection Anamika. This long poem consists of 312 lines composed in Nirala's tailored poetic meter, Shakti Puja - a rhyming meter of twenty-four syllables. This poem is regarded as one of the finest works in Nirala's oeuvre. Numerous commentaries, analyses, and explanations attest to its established literary significance.
Background
The plot draws inspiration from an episode of the Ramayana, with a notable influence from the Krittivasa's Ramayana over other versions of the story. Nirala's adaptation features significant poetic and narrative differences from the Krittivasi Ramayana. The poet's rendition of the tale incorporates multiple layers of meaning, offering a modern perspective. Additionally, the poet presents an impressive portrayal of contemporary consciousness and the psychological landscape of self-struggle.
Synopsis
The poem starts with the aftermath of the intense battle between Lord Rama and the demon king Ravana. As evening falls, weary warriors return to their camps, reflecting on the day's fierce fighting.
Rama, while resolute in his purpose, experiences a moment of vulnerability as he ponders the upcoming battle and his beloved Sita. In the midst of darkness, his mind drifts to recollections of Sita, which fortify his determination and inspire him to strengthen his resolve to rescue her.
Hanuman, devoted to Rama, notices tears in Rama's eyes. This realization awakens Hanuman's immense power, leading to confusion until Lord Shiva explains Hanuman's eternal servitude to Rama. Parvati, in the form of Hanuman's mother, reminds him of his true purpose, bringing him back to his dharma.
Vibhishana expresses concern over Rama's emotional state, urging focus and strength. Rama, acknowledging the formidable power of Ravana and his own commitment to righteousness, heeds Jambavan's advice to seek divine support through prayer.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%20Ki%20Shakti%20Puja
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Ram Ki Shakti Puja
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From a broader perspective, the poem explores the quest for liberation from various forms of dependence and subjugation, spanning both personal and societal dimensions. Rama is portrayed as engaged in a parallel struggle on both external and internal fronts. The conflict between Rama and Ravana represents a duality of truth versus falsehood, raising fundamental questions of allegiance. The intensity of this conflict is such that Rama faces the possibility of defeat; however, it is the unwavering belief in the ultimate triumph of truth that strengthens our allegiance. This conviction in the victory of truth is the central theme of the poem.
Stage Adaptaions
The Banaras-based theatre group Roopvani staged the poem at Nagari Natak Mandali in Varanasi in 2013. Since then, the presentation has been alive, active, and ongoing for the last ten years. Directed by Vyomesh Shukla, the production featured women in the roles of Rama and Lakshmana, challenging traditional portrayals. Combining classical music and dance forms, the performance used lyrical song lyrics to bring the poem's imagery to life and showcased a modern reinterpretation of classical themes. The 94th presentation of the play was staged in Gorakhpur on November 4, 2023.
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77403059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemisuri
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Nemisuri
|
Death and legacy
In 1948 CE, he was at Mahuva for his chaturmasya. His disciples Nandansuri and Udayasuri were looking after a weak and bed-ridden Nemisuri. At 7:00pm on the day of Diwali in 1948 CE, he passed away near the spot of his birth. Two temples were erected, one at the spot of his birth and another at the site of his cremation. A shrine dedicated to him and with his footsteps was also erected at the spot of his death.
For his guidance on diverse matters such as preserving pilgrimage sites, Jain literature and his austere conduct as a monk, Nemisuri was given the title of "Suri Chakravartin" ().
A 170-verse-long biographical Sanskrit poem named "Namu Guru Nemisuri Sansarma" dedicated to Nemisuri was composed by Ācārya Shilchandrasuri. He also authored a comprehensive biography of Nemisuri named "Śāsana Samrāt" in Gujarati. He also described a ritual for worshipping the idols of Nemisuri through "Ashtaprakari Gurupuja". Another biography of Nemisuri was written by Jain monk Niranjanvijaya. Nemisuri served as an inspiration for several Jain ascetics later as well. Ramanlal Shah, a lay follower of Nemisuri also wrote a short biography of him. Another biography of Nemisuri was written by Acharya Kulchandrasuri.
Books at "Nemisuri Gyaanshala" are displayed at the annual celebration of Jñāna Panchami in Khambhat. A website dedicated to his work, and media related to him was also created in 2023 - "Mandan Parivar", an initiative by Ganivarya Trailokyamandanvijaya, a monk of Nemisuri's community, is a trust that performs works of charity and spreading the word of Jainism.
| 1.914063
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77403368
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Thorne%20Stevenson
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Barbara Thorne Stevenson
|
In December 1944 Thorne Stevenson was the soprano soloist in Ernest Bloch's symphony Israel with the New York Philharmonic under conductor Artur Rodziński; a performance which was broadcast on American radio. She was a soloist with the Norwalk Oratorio Society in Connecticut on December 12, 1944, and with the Oratorio Society of New York (OSNY) at Carnegie Hall on December 23, 1944 in performances of Handel's Messiah. She repeated the work again with the OSNY at Carnegie Hall in December 1945 and April 1949. She also performed as a soloist in the Messiah with the Washington Choral Society at Constitution Hall (December 1948), Salt Lake Oratorio Society under conductor Alfred M. Greenfield (December 1947 and January 1949), the Apollo Chorus of Chicago (December 1949) and the National Symphony Orchestra under Paul Callaway with the combined choirs of the Washington National Cathedral and the Washington Choral Society (December 1949).
In 1945 she performed the soprano solos in Bach's St Matthew Passion at Symphony Hall, Boston with the Handel and Haydn Society in February, and at the Kiel Auditorium for the St. Louis Bach Festival in May. She later performed this work with the Dallas Symphony Orchestra in March 1958.
In May 1945 Thorne Stephenson starred in a concert version of Richard Wagner's Tannhäuser with the Chattanooga Civic Opera in Tennessee. The following July she was the soprano soloist in Mendelssohn's Elijah with the Easton Oratorio Society in Pennsylvania. In February 1946 she performed in a concert at the Glebe Collegiate Institute in Canada with the Ottawa Choral Union. On April 23, 1946 she gave a concert of Lazare Saminsky's music at Times Hall in New York City. She repeated that program at the Philadelphia Music Academy on May 2, 1946.
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77403406
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annemarie%20R%C3%BCbens
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Annemarie Rübens
|
After having fled to Holland, she worked with refugee families and then moved to Uruguay in 1936, where her brother had lived and left her a piece of real estate in Colonia Valdense. There, she founded a rural homestead for refugee children who were victims of the Nazi regime, called Casa Rubens, and which later became a daycare center for sons and daughters of political detainees. In addition, Rübens also made sure that the children did not lose their mother tongue and their cultural roots. During World War II, Rübens became an active member of the movement "The Other Germany", founded in Buenos Aires by German emigrants in 1937.
After having lived in Colonia Valdense for 40 years, Rübens was expelled from her adopted home in 1979 by the dictatorship of Uruguay, and from then on lived in West Germany. There, she worked for Amnesty International and finally moved to a retirement home in Göttingen. Rübens died there in 1990, and her ashes were buried in Colonia Valdense.
Recognition
In 2008, a street in Montevideo was named in her honour. One year before her death, a daycare centre for children in a poor neighbourhood of Montevideo was named after her. In 2016, the street in Colonia Valdense where Rübens had lived and given shelter to many children, was renamed after Ana María Rübens, as a tribute to her life.
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77403422
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evalds%20Silins
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Evalds Silins
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Evalds Silins (Latvian: Ēvalds Siliņš; March 10, 1919 – 2015) was a Latvian composer, teacher and conductor.
Evalds Silins was born on March 10, 1919, in Ēvele Parish, Valka, Latvia.
From 1932 to 1938, he studied at the Priekule Agricultural Gymnasium; at the same time, he also studied piano at the People's Conservatory of Cesis. In 1962, Evalds Silins graduated with honors from the conducting department of the Latvian State Conservatory named after Jāzeps Vītols and studied for two years at the composition department with Lūcija Garūta. For almost 50 years (from 1948 to 1996), Evalds Silins worked as a music teacher at Rūjiena Secondary school. Rūjiena awarded him the title of Honorary Citizen. There is also a monument created by Aivars Gulbis dedicated to Evalds Silins in Rūjiena.
Evalds Silins also worked as a conductor outside of school. For more than 30 years, he led a mixed choir at Rūjiena House of Culture, the women's choir “Straume”, the mixed choir “Naukšēni”, various vocal ensembles and a pop orchestra. In 1965, he became the chief conductor of the Valmiera region choirs.
Evalds Silins's body rests in the Bērtuļa cemetery.
Works
Both independently and together with other authors, Evalds Silins has created about 80 methodological works in the field of music education, including 12 official textbooks. He is the author of about 100 children's songs.
Awards
Certificate of Appreciation from the Cabinet of Ministers of Latvia (1995)
Golden honorary badge of the Order of the Three Stars (1996)
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77403685
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda%20Teboh-Ewungkem
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Miranda Teboh-Ewungkem
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Miranda Ijang Teboh-Ewungkem (born 1974) is a Cameroonian-American applied mathematician, mathematical biologist and university professor. Her research focuses on ordinary and partial differential equations and statistical methods for modeling the dynamics and transmission of infectious diseases.
Life and work
Teboh-Ewungkem was born into a family of seven children and grew up in Cameroon, West Africa. Because her parents encouraged her to study medicine she enrolled in a biology class as an undergraduate, but after one month, she tired of her studies and switched to her best subject, math. It was during her first year at the university that Teboh-Ewungkem came down with the "worst case of malaria" she ever contracted. Later, she said, "The goal at the time was to survive, ... but ultimately the experience would inspire a master’s thesis." Since then her life's work has been to use mathematics to "examine a mosquito’s transmission of the disease-carrying parasite from one person to another."
At the University of Buea in Cameroon, Teboh-Ewungkem earned a Bachelor of Science in 1996 in mathematics with a minor in computer science and a Master of Science in mathematics in 1998. From 1998 to 2002 she conducted research at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and there she received a Master of Science in statistics in January 2003. Shortly thereafter, in May 2003, she received her doctorate under Eric Paul Salathe with a dissertation entitled: Mathematical Analysis of Oxygen and Substrate Transport Within a Multicapillary System in Skeletal Muscle. She then worked as Hsiung Visiting Assistant Professor at Lehigh University until 2004. She joined the faculty at Lafayette College in 2004 and taught as a Visiting Assistant Professor until 2006 when she was appointed Assistant Professor.
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77404247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/73rd%20Rifle%20Corps
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73rd Rifle Corps
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The corps, having left behind the 294th to take part in the Siege of Breslau, was relocated to the vicinity of Bunzlau on 19 February, where until 13 April it took part in difficult fighting with counterattacking German troops, improving its positions in the course of the battles. On 17 April the 213th Rifle Division joined the corps as the Berlin Offensive began. With the 254th, 50th, 213th Divisions the corps broke through the German defense on the Neisse that day, forced a crossing of the Neisse and fought for Görlitz. The corps captured Niesky on 23 April. On 1 May the 116th Rifle Division joined the corps. With the 50th, 116th, and 254th Divisions the corps continued the rapid offensive towards Czechoslovakia from 1 May and on 8 May captured Reichenbach during the Prague offensive. On 9 May, Victory Day, the corps took Zittau and Mladá Boleslav. Germany surrendered on 9 May, but German troops under Ferdinand Schörner continued to resist Soviet troops. As a result, on 10 May, the corps joined battle for Prague. On 13 May German resistance sharply weakened and the resistance of small group of German troops was finally broken. The corps halted in the vicinity of Mladá Boleslav at the end of the war.
For their actions during the war, 28,371 enlisted men and 8,156 officers of the corps were decorated. These awards included seventeen Orders of Lenin, 695 Orders of the Red Banner, seven Orders of Suvorov, 2nd class, eleven Orders of Suvorov, 3rd class, five Orders of Kutuzov, 2nd class, thirteen Orders of Kutuzov, 3rd class, 153 Orders of Alexander Nevsky, 1,240 Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st class, 9,519 Orders of the Patriotic War 2nd class, and 9,329 Orders of Glory of all classes.
| 2.484375
| 0
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77404405
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanshaw%20Gold%20Mine
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Sanshaw Gold Mine
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Sanshaw Gold Mine was a gold mine that operated in the 1930s and 1940s in Red Lake, Ontario, in the Sanshaw-Red Lake deposit that subsequently became the Red Lake Mine one of the largest and most productive gold deposits in the world.
Sanshaw Mines Limited, incorporated in 1936, owned claims on White Horse Island, on Red Lake which was first staked by the Sanshaw Mines Syndicate. 15 diamond drill holes were drilled totalling 1160 m in 1936. Karl Brooks Heisey the President of Sanshaw Mines, Limited was the manager and driving force of the Sanshaw Gold Mine which was developed on White Horse Island during 1936–7. Heisey's crew uncovered a previously unknown well-mineralized shear and gold vein in 1936 which was the most important discovered up until that time in the Red Lake area.
Buildings constructed included a bunk-house, two-storey office and warehouse, ice-house, cookery, directors' lodge, manager's residence, blacksmith
shop, powder magazine, detonator-house and dry-house. A 35-foot shaft was sunk on White Horse Island in 1937.
Operations ceased in September 1937 and Heisey died shortly thereafter in December of that year at the age of 42.
The Sanshaw Mine name was a pun on the name of John Whitman Shaw, who was a consulting mining engineer operating in the Red Lake area. The mine was proceeding with diamond drilling and sinking a shaft "sans" (i.e. without) Shaw. Shaw's nickname in the mining industry was "turn em down Shaw" referring to his lack of support for many new mine proposals. The White Horse Island discovery was one of the few in the Red Lake area that didn't use John Shaw's services.
Orlac Gold Mines
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77404478
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz%20Brenner
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Kazimierz Brenner
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Kazimierz Brenner alias "Oświęcim" (born June 1, 1917 in Nowy Sącz, died June 26, 1944 in Szymbark) - prisoner of the KL Auschwitz concentration camp (camp no. 3551), soldier of the "Żbik" partisan unit of the Home Army.
Background
During the September Campaign in 1939, Kazimierz served as a non-commissioned officer of Polish Signal Corps. In 1940, at the time of the Nazi Germany occupation of Poland, in order to continue the fight, he illegally crossed border with Slovakia with intention of reaching Hungary. He was arrested in Slovakia and handed over to German border guard in Muszyna. After interrogation by Gestapo, he was sent to prison in Tarnów and further transported to the KL Auschwitz, where he was registered as prisoner no. 3551 on August 30, 1940. On April 5, 1943, he managed to escape the camp, returned to the surrounding of Nowy Sącz and joined the "Żbik" Home Army partisan unit operating in the Gorlice District. In retaliation for his escape, Gestapo arrested his parents and sent them to KL Auschwitz, where they both died.
| 1.976563
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77404527
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Georg%20Hofmann
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Hans Georg Hofmann
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Political activity
In addition to his SA positions, Hofmann also was active in politics and government administration. He formally joined the Nazi Party Ortsgruppe (local group) in Ingolstadt on 1 June (membership number 550,075). As an early member, he later would be awarded the Golden Party Badge. At the July 1932 parliamentary election, he obtained a seat as a Nazi Party deputy in the Reichstag from electoral constituency 25 (Lower Bavaria). He would retain this seat until his death in 1942. After the Nazi seizure of power, Hofmann was briefly assigned as the acting Police Director in Regensburg between March and April 1933. On 4 April, he was appointed Regierungspräsident (District President) for Middle Franconia and Upper Franconia, with his seat in Ansbach. He would hold these posts until 8 May 1934. On 5 July 1934, he became State Secretary and political advisor to the Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) of Bavaria, Franz Ritter von Epp, his former Freikorps commander. In this post, he carried out most of the functions of the office, with Epp serving as a figurehead. Hofmann was also given a five-year appointment as an honorary lay judge of the People's Court at its founding on 13 July 1934. He was awarded the honorary rank of Generalmajor of reserves on 20 April 1937.
Hofmann died of a heart attack on 31 January 1942 in Munich. On Hitler's orders, a state funeral took place on 4 February 1942 in the Bavarian Army Museum in Munich.
Posthumous denazification
On 28 April 1948, a posthumous denazification tribunal in Munich classified him as being in Group II (offender) and ordered the confiscation of 40% of his estate. On appeal in March 1949, the Munich Arbitration Chamber reduced the penalty to 40% of his estate in Bavaria. In 1951, his widow was awarded a reduced survivor pension.
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77405418
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20J.%20Arnold
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Richard J. Arnold
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Richard J. Arnold (June 28, 1856 – May 19, 1929), also known as R. J. Arnold, was an English American 19th-century pioneer of early California photography. He is known for his large-format glass-plate photography and as the designated photographer for the Hotel Del Monte in Monterey, California. He created one of the earliest and largest portrait collections of the early Latino community in California.
Early life
R. J. Arnold was born on June 28, 1856, in England. At age 16, he came to New York and eventually settled on California's Central Coast.
Career
Arnold opened studios in San Luis Obispo, California from about 1883 to 1896. In 1889, his studio was opposite Sinsheimer's store. In July 1896 Arnold's Photograph Gallery on Higuera Street was destroyed in a fire. Arnold had other studios in Santa Barbara and Alameda.
Arnold's work included large-format glass-plate and real photo postcard of early adobes, the California missions, and the California coastal region. He contributed to early California photography with one of the first portrait collections of California's Latino and Native American communities, which captured the diverse population of San Luis Obispo County in the late 1800s. His works covered early celebrities. Others include Queen Liliʻuokalani of the Hawaiian Islands.
In 1901, Arnold moved to the Monterey Peninsula to succeed C. W. J. Johnson as the designated photographer for the Hotel Del Monte from 1902 to 1924. This let him capture the elegance of the hotel and its guests. Arnold's tenure there continued until 1924, when he was succeeded by Julian P. Graham. His photographs of Monterey were showcased in Julie Cain's 2005 book Monterey's Hotel Del Monte, California. The Arnold Photo studio was in the Alvarado adobe, now a California Historical Landmark, on the southwest corner of Alvarado and Pearl Streets in Monterey.
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77405773
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parobisium%20yosemite
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Parobisium yosemite
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Parobisium yosemite, or the Yosemite cave pseudoscorpion, is a species of pseudoscorpion in the family Neobisiidae. A troglobite, the pseudoscorpion inhabits talus caves, formed by voids between boulders, in Yosemite National Park.
Distribution
The species is endemic to granite talus caves in Yosemite National Park in California, United States. The type specimens were found in two caves less than within one the single scree. As the talus caves it inhabits are likely only a few hundred years old, it is thought that the pseudoscorpions migrate between different talus slopes and caves.
Description
Like other troglofauna, P. yosemite is blind with absent posterior eyes and a lack of a tapetum lucidum, and displays unusual pigmentation. The pseudoscorpion is potentially the first North American troglobite documented in a talus cave.
Ecology
P. yosemite has been observed preying on Sinella springtails. It may also potentially prey on other invertebrates in its cave environment, including mites, spiders, beetles and ants.
Etymology
The species' namesake is Yosemite National Park.
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77405803
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanha
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Lacanha
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Lacanha or Lacanja (also known as Lacanjá-Kuná) is Maya archaeological site located on the bank of the Lacanjá river inside the Lacandon Jungle of Chiapas, Mexico. It was an important Mayan city from the classic period with its own emblem glyph.
The site has had very few archeological investigations, the most notable buildings include temples, pyramids and a plaza covered in thick jungle. The rest of the site includes a big acropolis buried in the jungle.
It is commonly referred to as "The lost city of Lacanja" due to its remote and hard to reach location in the middle of the jungle. The temples of Lacanha are used by the Lacandon people as a ceremonial site.
History
Lacanha developed itself in the early classic period to the late classic along other sites from the Usumacinta Basin like Bonampak. This region was the scene of great wars and conquests by states of greater power, in particular, Lacanha was conquered by the city of Yaxchilan. In the stela 18 of Yaxchilan is despicted Aj Popol Chay, a lord from Lacanhá being captured by the ruler of Yaxchilan, Itzamnaah Kokaaj B’ahlam II.
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77405836
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokhtar%20Mokhtefi
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Mokhtar Mokhtefi
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Mokhtar Mokhtefi (1935–2015) was a member of the National Liberation Front (FLN) during the Algerian War of Independence. He wrote about his experiences growing up in Algeria and fighting in the war as a radio operator in his memoir, I Was a French Muslim.
Early life and education
Mokhtefi was born in 1935 in Berrouaghia, Algeria. His father was a butcher. On 8 May 1945, Mokhtefi witnessed both Victory in Europe Day and the Sétif and Guelma massacre in which the French army massacred thousands of Algerians.
Mokhtefi was the only one of his family's six children to attend secondary school, after one of his teachers encouraged his father to let him take an entrance exam. Mokhtefi obtained a scholarship and was one of the few Algerian students at his French boarding school in Blida. His brother, Mohamed, was imprisoned for his nationalist activism.
In his memoirs, Mokhtefi recounted how his education at a French school caused a feeling of alienation from his family and his village: "I see that the habits, the beliefs, the way of thinking and acting acquired in my original environment are eroding. I’m 'Frenchicizing,' one might say."
While in school, Mokhtefi became interested in both French literature and Algerian nationalism. He especially liked Victor Hugo. Although Mokhtefi admired French literature and culture, his experience as a colonized subject of France led him to write about the hypocrisy of French ideals. In particular, Mokhtefi was frustrated with the French labor movement's lack of support for Algerians, later writing: "Where is past proletarian solidarity, what has become of the values of the Enlightenment?" However, he did meet several French people who were sympathetic towards or assisted in the fight for Algerian independence, including Pierre Chaulet, Annette Roger, and several priests.
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77405965
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belkisyole%20Alarc%C3%B3n%20de%20Noya
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Belkisyole Alarcón de Noya
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Belkisyole Alarcón de Noya (born 11 January 1952) is a Venezuelan physician with a PhD in medical parasitology. She is a pioneer in studies in this area of medicine and she received the 2017 Women in Science Award, granted by the Academy of Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences of Venezuela.
Biography
Her parents are Gustavo Alarcón and Lida Marcano de Alarcón and Belkisyole is the oldest of four siblings. She studied elementary education at Colegio La Florida in Caracas, where she received the medal of honor in all primary courses. While she lived in Simón Rodríguez and before that in La Pastora. Starting in 1963, Belkisyole studied high school at Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1968. On 20 October 1975 the Noya's graduated as physicians and on 5 September 1975 Belkisyolé and Oscar Noya married.
She and her husband joined the Central University of Venezuela in 1980 to study parasitology, and Belkis graduated from Tulane University, United States, with a PhD Field work constituted much of the work of her first years at the university, among which the epidemiological work of bilharzia in Caraballeda, the antimalarial vaccine project with the Sp f 66, pioneering work in this area, stand out.
| 2.1875
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77406040
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Memphis%20Tigers%20football
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History of Memphis Tigers football
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Billy Murphy took over as head coach in 1958 and served as head football coach for the Tigers for fourteen seasons. In 1963, Murphy led the Tigers to a 9–0–1 record. After a season-opening win over Southern Miss, the Tigers tied No. 2 Ole Miss by a score of 0–0. That game would be the only non-win for Memphis that year as the Tigers went on to grab wins over Tulsa, North Texas, West Texas State, Mississippi State, Louisville, South Carolina, Chattanooga and Houston to post just the second unbeaten season in program history. The Houston game was postponed from November 23 to November 30 following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Murphy was named the National Coach of the Year by the Detroit Times and was also named a recipient of the Memphis Civilian Award. Running back Dave Casinelli became the first Memphis State player to lead the NCAA in a major individual statistical category and the first Southern player to win the NCAA rushing title since John Dottley in 1949. Going into the final game of the 1963 season, he ranked third in rushing yardage but totaled 210 rushing yards in the final game to finish ahead of Jimmy Sidle and Gale Sayers. He led the NCAA for the 1963 season in rushing yardage (1,016 yards) and rushing carries (219). He also tied with Cosmo Iacavazzi for the national scoring title with 84 points, each having scored 14 touchdowns. During his four years at Memphis, Casinelli established school records with 2,796 total yards from scrimmage and 36 career touchdowns. In January 1964, he signed with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League. The 1963 Tigers football team finished ranked No. 14 in the UPI Coaches Poll, the highest final ranking in school history. Memphis State ended its 27-year run as an independent when it joined the Missouri Valley Conference in 1968. Murphy retired as head coach after the 1971 season but remained as the school's athletics director until 1981
| 2.078125
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77406040
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Memphis%20Tigers%20football
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History of Memphis Tigers football
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Rex Dockery era (1981–1983)
Texas Tech head coach Rex Dockery was named the Tigers' 16th head coach after Williamson's firing. After serving as a head coach at two different Tennessee high schools, Dockery had served as an assistant coach at Tennessee from 1970 to 1971 under Bill Battle, at Georgia Tech in 1972 under Bill Fulcher and at Vanderbilt from 1973 to 1974 under Steve Sloan before following Sloan to serve as his offensive coordinator at Texas Tech. When Steve Sloan left Texas Tech to take the head coaching position at Ole Miss in 1978, Dockery replaced him as the team's head coach. He coached at Texas Tech from 1978 to 1980, compiling a 15–16–2 record, and being named the Southwest Conference Coach of the Year in 1978.
Dockery's Tigers finished 1–10 in 1981. After starting the season with a 20–3 loss to No. 14 Mississippi State on September 5, Memphis State lost to No. 18 Florida State by a score of 10–5 on September 12. The next week, Memphis State lost to Ole Miss by a count of 7–3. The next week, the Tigers picked up their first win of the season and of the Dockery era by defeating Georgia Tech by a score of 28–15. After a 17–13 loss to Virginia Tech, Dockery's team suffered a 14–7 loss to Louisville. Dockery's squad was shut out in the Black and Blue Bowl by Southern Miss by a score of 10–0. After a 28–9 loss to in-state power Tennessee, Memphis State was shut out again, this time in a 26–0 loss to Vanderbilt. The Tigers put up seven points in each of their final two games, both losses: 38–7 to Cincinnati and 24–7 to Tulane.
| 1.90625
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77406340
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen%20Trevorrow
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Ellen Trevorrow
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Ellen Trevorrow is an internationally known Australian Ngarrindjeri weaver and authority on Ngarrindjeri culture. She is the head of the Camp Coorong Centre for Cultural Education and Race Relations and also serves on the board of the Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority.
Early life and education
Born in 1955 in Point McLeay, now Raukkan, South Australia, Ellen Trevorrow was raised outside Tailem Bend by her grandmother, Ellen Brown, and attended primary school there. When she was 11 she moved to Bonney Reserve near Meningie and completed high school there. At the age of 14 she met her future husband, Tom Trevorrow, and they were married in 1976. They had seven children. Her husband, who had become the chairman of the Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority in 2011, died in 2013.
In 1982 she attended a workshop on Ngarrindjeri weaving led by Aunty Dorrie Kartinyeri, an elder from Point McLeay (now Raukkan). There was a long tradition of Ngarrindjeri weaving by women, originally for their own use, later for sale, but the practice had almost been lost. Trevorrow and another workshop attendee, Yvonne Koolmatrie, have devoted their lives to reviving the tradition to preserve Ngarrindjeri culture.
Work
Trevorrow is especially known for her "Sister" baskets, a type of basket that she revived after viewing an example in the Camp Coorong museum made by her husband's great-grandmother. In recent years she has undertaken a number of large weaving projects for museums, such as Pondi, the giant cod that created the Murray River in Ngarrindjeri legend, done for the South Australian Maritime Museum in 2022.
Her works are held by many museums, including the National Gallery of Australia and the Art Gallery of South Australia.
Trevorrow was a contributor to Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community (ed. John Allen Grim, 2001).
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77406478
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoinette%20Bonner
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Antoinette Bonner
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A grand jury heard the case on November 14, 1913, with Cocks explaining that Bonner and Brescher had taken the jewels on memorandum. At least nine other diamond merchants were called before the grand jury and it was discovered that upwards of $150,000 of jewels were unaccounted for. Meanwhile, neither Brescher nor Bonner had been heard from since October 31. Bonner had wired $7000 to herself in Paris and Brescher was believed to be travelling to Bucharest, where he was from. Bonner, Brescher, and his brother were found to have sold some of the missing jewelry to a pawn shop. More of the jewelry was found at other pawn shops and another three men were involved in their sale. Within two days, an order for her arrest was issued by the district attorney. An article in the New York Times indicated that Bonner and Brescher had disappeared with $150,000 to $250,000 from firms on Maiden Lane. According to an attorney representing the jewellers that she defrauded, Bonner had legitimately sold around $1 million in jewels in the two years prior to fleeing the country. She was given colorful nicknames in newspapers, including the "Queen of Diamonds", "Miss Amethyst", and "The Queen of Confidence Women".
Arrest and extradition
An international manhunt for Bonner and Brescher was conducted by both police and private detectives hired by the diamond merchants. The pair evaded authorities until they were finally arrested in Paris in May 1914. Their extradition was postponed due to the outbreak of World War I. On a charge of grand larceny of a $685 lavallière they were acquitted due to a faulty indictment. In her testimony, Bonner said that she had merely gone to Europe to find purchasers for the gemstones. The pair were held for trail on other indictments, but the charges were eventually dropped after much of the merchandise was recovered from pawn shops.
| 1.914063
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77406642
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%203177
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NGC 3177
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NGC 3177 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 1,627 ± 22 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 24.0 ± 1.7 Mpc (∼78.3 million ly). NGC 3177 was discovered by the German-British astronomer William Herschel in 1784.
The luminosity class of NGC 3177 is II and it has a broad HI line. It also contains regions of ionized hydrogen. According to the SIMBAD database, NGC 3177 has an active galactic nucleus.
To date, nine non-redshift measurements yield a distance of 27.722 ± 4.581 Mpc (∼90.4 million ly), which is within the distance values of Hubble.
Supernovae
The supernova SN 1947A was discovered in NGC 3177 on March 5, 1947, by Edwin Hubble. The type of this supernova has not been determined.
NGC 3227 group
NGC 3177 is part of the NGC 3227 group. In addition to NGC 3177 and NGC 3227, this group includes at least 16 other galaxies including NGC 3162, NGC 3185, NGC 3187, NGC 3190, NGC 3193, NGC 3213, NGC 3226, NGC 3227, NGC 3287 and NGC 3301.
| 2.5625
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77406646
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily%20Oberst
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Emily Oberst
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Emily Ann Oberst (born August 27, 1998) is an American wheelchair basketball player and a member of the United States women's national wheelchair basketball team. She represented the United States at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.
Early life and education
Oberst was diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma in her left leg at age 12 that forced her to have a surgery to replace her fibula as her tibia. Prior to her cancer diagnosis, she played basketball, softball, golf and ran track. After almost two years of surgeries, chemotherapy and rehabilitation she was cancer free and able to use her legs. However, due to extensive bone surgery, she would not be able to run or play sports as she used to.
She transitioned to play wheelchair basketball throughout high school for the varsity Junior Bucks team. She was recruited to play basketball for the University of Alabama at age 17. She then transferred to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where she finished her career as a college athlete.
Career
Oberst made her international debut for the United States at the 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship and finished in sixth place in the tournament. In May 2019, she represented the U25 Women's team at the 2019 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship and won a gold medal.
She represented the United States at the 2022 Wheelchair Basketball World Championships and won a bronze medal.
In November 2023 she competed at the 2023 Parapan American Games in the wheelchair basketball tournament and won a gold medal. As a result, the team earned an automatic bid to the 2024 Summer Paralympics. On March 30, 2024, she was named to Team USA's roster to compete at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.
| 2.375
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77407531
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Thorgo
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Battle of Thorgo
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The Battle of Thorgo (also known as the Thorgo Incident or Nurbachung ambush, also spelled as Thurgo or Thergo,) was a military engagement during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948 in the Gilgit-Baltistan sector of northern Kashmir administered by Pakistan. The battle took place from March 16 to March 18, 1948. The Gilgit Scouts, a paramilitary force from northern Pakistan fought against the Jammu and Kashmir state forces. The Gilgit Scouts were informed of a relief column dispatched from Indian headquarters at Srinagar to reinforce the besieged Skardu garrison of the Jammu and Kashmir state forces. The Scouts established an ambush at Thorgo Pari between Gol and Skardu. When the relief column arrived, the Scouts launched their attack, hurling large rocks, resulting in heavy casualties including the wounding of Brigadier Faqir Singh.
The remnants of the defeated relief column retreated to Kargil under Major Coutts, while the wounded Brigadier Faqir Singh was evacuated to the headquarters at Srinagar. Following the defeat of the Indian relief column near Gol, the Gilgit Scouts intensified their efforts against the Skardu garrison. Major Ehsan was informed that additional Indian reinforcements codenamed "Z Brigade", were being assembled at Kargil under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Kripal Singh. In response, Major Ehsan split his forces, sending a contingent to Parkutta to intercept the new reinforcements.
Prelude
During the Siege of Skardu, Colonel Sher Jung Thapa and his Jammu and Kashmir state forces garrison successfully held off the Gilgit Scouts, which were a paramilitary force within the Gilgit-Baltistan region in northern Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. After repeated requests for reinforcement from Colonel Thapa, Indian headquarters in Srinagar dispatched another relief column, codenamed "Biscuit column," led by Brigadier Faqir Singh of the Jammu and Kashmir state forces.
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77407531
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Thorgo
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Battle of Thorgo
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Ambush and casualties
The Gilgit Scouts chose Thorgo Pari near Gol as the site for their ambush. At that location the road narrowed along the Indus River's left bank, allowing only single-file passage. Captain Nek Alam and his platoon took positions on the northernmost part of Thorgo Hill. Subedar Muhammad Ali and Lieutenant Babar spread their two platoons opposite Nurhbuchung village near the river. Captain Mohammed Khan positioned a mortar and machine gun section at the other end of the Pari, while another machine gun section was stationed at the edge. With these placements, the Scouts were prepared to ambush the Indian relief column.
On 17 February, Brigadier Singh and Major Coutts's forces advanced through the narrow pass under the cover of darkness. To the surprise of the Scouts, the column unexpectedly stopped near the ambush site for lunch before resuming their advance. As they entered firing range, the Scouts launched their ambush with combined arms fire and rolling rocks. Despite attempts to regroup, 3-inch and 2-inch mortar bombs caused heavy casualties, including wounding Brigadier Singh in the face and shoulder.Despite the attack, the relief column returned fire and managed to hold their positions, preventing further Scout advances until dusk, though they were forced to leave behind their dead. The bombardment continued with mortar fire and constant shooting, aimed at preventing any regrouping of troops near Brigadier Faqir Singh. Defeated, the remaining forces retreated towards Kargil, spending the night at Totli on 18 March and the column finally reached Kargil on 21 March. Brigadier Faqir Singh handed over command to Indian military advisor Major Coutts before returning to Srinagar for medical treatment.
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77407618
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Municipal%20%28Guadalajara%29
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Estadio Municipal (Guadalajara)
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The Estadio Municipal (Municipal Stadium) was a baseball stadium in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Opened in 1931 and designed by Aurelio Aceves, it was the first municipal stadium in Guadalajara and hosted the Charros de Jalisco of the Mexican League. The stadium was demolished in 1950.
History
The Estadio Municipal was opened in 1931 and was Guadalajara's first municipal stadium, located in the Analco neighborhood in downtown Guadalajara. The stadium, designed by engineer and architect Aurelio Aceves, was mainly used for baseball games, but also for other athletic and civic events.
The stadium was built in the former grounds of the Santa María de los Ángeles cemetery, established in 1833 by the Franciscans in the middle of a cholera epidemic in the city of Guadalajara. The cemetery was later demolished and replaced by the Estadio Municipal.
When the Charros de Jalisco baseball club was established in 1946, the Estadio Municipal hosted the team's home games. The stadium could seat 15,000 spectators. The stadium was demolished in 1950 to build Guadalajara's central bus station.
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77407717
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20W.%20Sherry
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Thomas W. Sherry
|
Sherry has studied the impact of food availability on migratory bird populations in winter, as well as how predators indirectly affect breeding populations through food dynamics. His lab employed statistical, experimental, and modeling methods to test hypotheses about populations and landscapes. Through collaborative research, he highlighted shade coffee plantations as excellent winter habitat for many migratory birds, offering abundant food and suitable conditions year-round. He also investigated food resources in shade coffee plantations, coastal and montane Caribbean habitats, dietary similarities among species, potential for intra- and interspecific competition, and birds' consumption of coffee insect pests. His lab explored prey selection and the ecology of migrant and tropical birds, comparing prey types and sizes consumed by redstarts in Jamaica and Louisiana. They analyzed prey consumption relative to availability in wet limestone Jamaican habitats, to understand food selection, dietary specialization, and interspecific competition using ecological and evolutionary approaches.
Sherry completed a 10-year study on the impacts of forest loss and fragmentation on resident tropical birds in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica and nearby countries. While a post-doc at Dartmouth, he co-founded with Richard Holmes, research involving the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) and other Neotropical-Nearctic migratory birds wintering at Font Hill, Jamaica, focusing on their year-round ecology. The research emphasized the importance of habitat quality on the wintering grounds and its impact on birds' health and reproductive success on the breeding grounds.
| 2.59375
| 0
|
77407768
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafalda%20Pires%20de%20Lima
|
Mafalda Pires de Lima
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Mafalda Pires de Lima (born 14 April 1998) is a Portuguese kitefoiler. She has been sailing since the age of ten and when it was agreed that Formula Kite was to be an Olympic sport then she began to enjoy the difficult sport. She was Portugal's first woman kitesurfing champion.
Life
de Lima was born in 1998 into a family who were involved in sailing and she began sailing Optimist dinghys when she was ten.
She is a member of the Clube de Vela Atlântico in the city of Porto. She was later involved in sailing Laser dinghys. She found kitefoiling so intriguing because it is difficult. She was approached by Pedro Afonso to get involved in 2019 when Formula Kite was first agreed as an Olympic sport five years before the Paris Olympics. She gained a silver medal at the Snipe World Championships in the same year (2019).
In September 2021 she became Portugal's first woman kitesurfing champion at the contest near Fuseta in the Algarve. She was then a student at the Nova School of Business & Economics. She has also been involved as a crewmember of an SSL47 which at 47 feet is a lot larger than her former or kitefoil crafts.
The last five of the 20 places for women kitefoilers at the Paris Olympics were awarded at the Last Chance Regatta in April 2024 to the Austrian Surfer Alina Kornelli, the Swiss surfer Elena Lengwiler, Julia Damasiewicz of Poland, Derin Atakan of Turkey and de Lima took the twentieth place. The Portuguese sailing authorities confirmed that she was to be their competitor at the Olympics in 2024 joining the national team of Diogo Costa and Carolina João and the ILCA 7 sailor Eduardo Marques.
| 2.03125
| 0
|
77407787
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore%20Glass%20Factory%20strikes
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Singapore Glass Factory strikes
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The Singapore Glass Factory strikes refer to multiple strikes by employees of Singapore Glass Manufacturers Co Ltd. The most notable strike was on 28 August 1960 where 600 employees of Singapore Glass Manufacturers Co Ltd went on a strike that lasted 73 days due to disagreements between Singapore Glass Manufacturers and its employees.
Background
Singapore Glass Manufacturers Co Ltd was established in July 1948 as an offshoot of Australian Consolidated Industries Ltd, with a factory at Henderson Road, Bukit Merah. Singapore Glass Manufacturers was also the only automatic glass plant in Singapore.
In 1951, there was an earlier strike against Singapore Glass Manufacturers which consisted of 700 employees with the strike lasting 24 days. The main reason for the strike was for higher wages and for some glass fitters to be reinstated, who were dismissed a few days before the strike.
In June 1958, the workers went on another strike, lasting 1 day and consisting of 500 employees. In July 1958, 200 former employees of Singapore Glass Manufacturers went on a 5 month long strike that ended in November.
Incident
In 1960, employees of Singapore Glass Manufacturers went on another strike on 28 August. On 22 October, at 2.30 p.m., a lorry carrying a hydraulic pressure pump and a sealing unit was leaving the factory before being stopped by strikers creating a human barrier, preventing the lorry from leaving. Police from Tanjong Pagar Police Station negotiated with the strikers for one hour before trying to push through them, resulting in a fight between the police and the strikers. Four policemen were injured while 39 strikers were arrested and brought to Tanjong Pagar Police Station.
| 1.984375
| 0
|
77407852
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halgania%20andromedifolia
|
Halgania andromedifolia
|
Halgania andromedifolia commonly known as lavender halgania, is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae. It is a small, upright or spreading perennial shrub with blue flowers and grows in New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and Victoria.
Description
Halgania andromedifolia is an upright, hairy, sparsely branched shrub to high. The leaves are oblong to narrowly elliptic, long, wide, margins rolled under, upper surface sticky, lower surface whitish, apex blunt and the petiole up to long. The blue flowers are borne at the end of stems in small clusters in diameter, corolla long, petals lance-shaped and hairy on the outside. Flowering occurs from August to November and the fruit is a drupe containing one seed.
Taxonomy
Halgania andromedifolia was first formally described in 1859 by Hans Hermann Behr and Ferdinand von Mueller and the description was published in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae.
Distribution and habitat
Lavender halgania grows in loam, clay and gravel in New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and Victoria.
| 2.140625
| 0
|
77408098
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod%20of%20Lviv%20%281946%29
|
Synod of Lviv (1946)
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The synod began on 8 March 1946 at St. George's Cathedral in Lviv. The first speaker was father Vasyl Lesiuk, who unexpectedly expressed his support for subsequent meetings between attendants and parishioners with which to gauge the best choice for the future of the UGCC. Midway through his speech, he was forcibly prevented from continuing by the NKGB, and Kostelnyk was rushed on stage. During his speech, he openly declared the intention of the synod was to formalise a union with the Russian Orthodox Church. Lesiuk was arrested following the incident, and further proceedings continued smoothly. That day, a resolution was unanimously adopted calling to "reject the resolutions of the 1596 Union of Brest, to abolish the Uniate church, to separate from the Vatican, and to return to our father's holy Orthodox faith - the Russian Orthodox Church." Telegrams, pre-written by the NKGB, were sent to Stalin, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine Nikita Khrushchev, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine Mykhailo Hrechukha, and Patriarch Alexy I of Moscow the next day. On 10 March 1946, the first Sunday of Lent and the 350th anniversary of the Union of Brest, the synod was formalised. Clergy were required to formally petition the Russian Orthodox Church to retain their roles in the new order under the threat of expulsion from their respective parishes.
Aftermath
| 2.1875
| 0
|
77408246
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zulfi%20City
|
Al-Zulfi City
|
In the year 1113 AH, Al Rashid, the proprietor of Al-Zulfi and Al Asyah, assumed control of Al-Zulfi and expelled the Al Madlaj, who had previously occupied it.
In the year 1128 AH, Hamad bin Othman, a shepherd from Al Majmaa, perpetrated a robbery against Al-Rashid in Al-Zulfi.
In the year 1164 AH, Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud spearheaded an incursion against Al-Zulfi, situated at Al-Hasi water, and directed Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman to spearhead the incursion.
In the year 1165 of the Islamic calendar, Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud, known as Faisal, arrived in Sudair, Munikh (Majma'ah), Al-Zulfi, Wusham, and Dhafir. He was accompanied by Faisal bin Faisal and proceeded to conquer the villages of Ragha and Mahmal.
In the year 1165 A.H., the Battle of Rawdat Al-Sabla was fought against Al-Dhafeer from the Banu Khalid, led by Abdullah bin Turki bin Muhammad bin Hussein Al-Hamid. Al-Dhafir was ultimately defeated.
In the year 1167 A.H., Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud launched an incursion into Al-Zulfi from Al-Kharj, yet failed to assume control.
1174 A.H. Imam Abdul Aziz stole the sheep of the people of Al-Zulfi, and they caught up with him and recovered them.
In the year 1182 A.H., King Saud bin Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia launched an initial invasion of Zulfi, subsequently advancing to Sabeel at Hayer Nasah and Al Marra at Qana, situated to the north of Al Duhi.
1186 A.H. Al-Zulfi and Majma'a rebelled against Saud.
In the year 1188 A.H., King Saud bin Abdulaziz dispatched a military unit under the command of Adama bin Suwairi, a member of the Bani Hussein tribe, to Al-Zulfi. Upon arrival, the unit encountered an incursion by the local population, resulting in the complete annihilation of the enemy forces.
In the year 1188 of the Islamic calendar, Saud bin Aryar launched an assault on Al-Zulfi and Al-Qassim, which was met with resistance from supporters of the Al-Saud family and Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab.
| 2.125
| 0
|
77408246
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zulfi%20City
|
Al-Zulfi City
|
The longest valley of Al-Zulfi, named Murkh after the Murkh plant, is formed by the descent of a torrent from the Tuwaiq Mountains, which follows Al-Ghat in the east. The torrent then proceeds in a northerly direction until it overflows in Rawdat Al-Sabla. Ibn Balihad posited that The valley is situated on the eastern side of Al-Zulfi, in close proximity to Rawdat al-Sabla and Nafud al-Duwaihi. Merkh Valley is fed by numerous tributaries, including Shuaib al-Sayla, Shuaib Umm al-Ashash, Shuaib al-Haski, Shuaib al-Noum, Shuaib Jarallah, and others.
Ararera Valley
One of the valleys of Al-Zulfi is situated at the foot of the Tuwaiq Mountains, where the torrential river flows westward, ultimately reaching the towns of Al-Zulfi. The area is characterized by palm trees and numerous water sources, which served as a vital resource during the Jahiliyyah period. Yaqut al-Hamawi makes reference to it in his writings, stating: "Ararera: water for Bani Rabia in Yamamah," as Al-Asmai observed. It is situated between the two mountains and the sand.
Jazra
The city is situated to the north of Al-Zulfi, a distance of approximately 20 kilometers. The emir of the city was Sheikh Nuqa bin Qarzuh, a member of the Otaiba tribe. Isfahani said: "Subsequently, Araab (Jarab) is allocated for the Banu al-Anbar, followed by Jazra, which is also designated for them."
Althuwer
It is one of the villages of Al-Zulfi, an old village mentioned by Yaqut, saying "Ubayraq Abyad for Bani Bakr bin Kalab", which is a village inside the Thawirat sand dunes on the north of Al-Zulfi, 40 km away from the city of Al-Zulfi, and is the largest village in the region and inhabited by huge families of civilized Otaiba families. Isfahani stated that Additionally, Bani Hanjoud is home to al-Hamara, al-Thawir, al-Mujda, and numerous water sources.
Targasha
| 1.976563
| 0
|
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