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re them for a broader range of careers [ 2 – 4 ]. These recommendations include increasing transparency of outcomes of graduate programs, increasing opportunities to explore different careers, and providing training in professional skills. Interestingly, a large survey of Ph.D. recipients indicates that similar soft/tr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.694 | ["career"] | 507 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196504 | [
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ining in these areas are beneficial for all Ph.D. candidates [ 5 ]. The NIH has broadly invested in this area via the BEST (Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training) program, which supported 5-year programs at 17 institutions to establish and disseminate best practices in career development and professional develo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.848 | ["career", "interview"] | 495 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196547 | [
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t and professional development activities [ 11 ]. Recommendations of desired professional skills competencies for doctorates have emerged from student surveys, employer surveys, committee reports, and workshops [ 4 , 5 , 9 , 12 – 14 ]. A compilation of these recommendations is reported in Table 1 . One competency is de... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.395 | 0.846 | ["career", "communication", "strategy", "war_conflict"] | 477 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196581 | [
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r opportunities (i.e. career planning/awareness). Many of the BEST programs have successfully created mechanisms to address career awareness and planning [ 15 ]. Some competencies obviously translate to important skills in a research-intensive scientific career, including communication, project management, and critical... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.993 | 0.828 | ["management", "career", "leadership", "communication", "strategy"] | 467 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196619 | [
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uch as leadership, managing others, and teamwork. A common thread to the latter competencies is personnel management and interpersonal relationships. Building relationships, managing difficult conversations, and dealing with conflict are specific skill sets underlying these competencies. In response to these recommenda... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.83 | ["management", "leadership", "networking", "crisis", "career"] | 508 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196651 | [
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r course), emphasizing these specific skill sets. A major emphasis in these sessions is conflict resolution and negotiation, skills that transcend these competencies. Herein, we describe our experiences in developing these sessions and offer a template for similar instruction. Table 1. List of professional skills compe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.884 | ["leadership", "management", "communication", "negotiation", "career"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196686 | [
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, 9 , 12 , 13 ] Teamwork [ 4 , 5 , 12 – 14 ] Critical thinking [ 12 – 14 ] Collaboration [ 4 , 5 , 12 , 13 ] Time management [ 5 , 12 ] Setting visions and goals [ 5 ] Managing others [ 5 , 14 ] Career planning/awareness [ 5 ] Networking [ 9 ] Interculture competency [ 12 ] Problem solving [ 12 ] Resilience [ 12 ] Entr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.668 | ["management", "education", "strategy", "networking", "communication"] | 506 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196721 | [
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artially retrospective and partially prospective. IRB approval numbers are WVU Protocol#: 2001865972 and WVU Protocol#: 2004977501. Informed consent was in writing and all information was anonymous. Evaluation of effectiveness of training was similar to recommendations by Denecke et al. [ 12 ], which align with the pri... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.856 | ["philosophy"] | 511 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196752 | [
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ing, this evaluation model is widely used and has been adapted to assessment of higher education [ 17 ]. Upon completion of training, students completed a questionnaire about their perceptions of training (Level 1 evaluation – reaction) (Table 2 ). This was constructed as a formative assessment of the training sessions... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.86 | ["negotiation", "war_conflict", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196809 | [
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ls to measure what they had learned (Level 2 evaluation – learning) (Table 3 ). Several months later, students were surveyed to determine if they used some of these skills and/or witnessed situations where these skills would be useful, i.e. if their behavior had changed (Level 3 evaluation – behavior) (Table 4 ). We ha... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.996 | 0.856 | ["management", "war_conflict", "education"] | 481 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196867 | [
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of trainees at managing conflict and negotiating. The timing of training sessions and surveys for workshops and classes is illustrated in Fig. 1 . Responses to all of these surveys were anonymous. Therefore all of the analyses compared responses between individuals. Table 2. Survey questions for student reaction to tra... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.86 | ["war_conflict", "management", "philosophy"] | 504 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196909 | [
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ded me with new information about negotiation Q7. The role-playing activities helped me prepare for negotiations Q8. This course has provided me with strategies that I will try to use when I negotiate in future Open in a new tab Table 3. Questions to evaluate student learning from training (Level 2) Q1. When you enter ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.397 | 0.862 | ["negotiation", "education", "philosophy"] | 486 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196946 | [
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and you would like to use principled negotiation. What does this mean to you? Q3. Make a statement/ask a question illustrating active listening Q4. You and a colleague are working collaboratively on a side project and the balance of the work is not being equally shared. You have done most of the planning and execution ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.87 | ["strategy", "negotiation", "economy"] | 505 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.196983 | [
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r colleague becomes very sarcastic and insulting. What would you say to “surface/name” the attack and reframe the conversation? Q8. A student working under your supervision demonstrates great technical skills, but keeps very poor notes. What would you say to the student to encourage him/her to keep better notes? Q9. Wh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.301 | 0.716 | ["strategy", "negotiation"] | 497 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197017 | [
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ling in a negotiation? Open in a new tab Table 4. Survey statements/questions to explore student behavior (Level 3) 1. I have used concepts from conflict resolution/negotiation in my professional and/or personal interactions with others. (yes/no) 2. What concepts from these sessions did you use? 3. I have observed situ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.686 | 0.678 | ["negotiation", "war_conflict", "career"] | 429 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197052 | [
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gotiation would have been beneficial. (yes/no) 4. What concepts from these sessions do you think would have been beneficial in that/those situation(s)? 5. In the future, I intend to use skills from the conflict resolution/negotiation sessions in my interactions with others. (yes/no) 6. What concepts do you think will b... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.986 | 0.694 | ["negotiation", "war_conflict"] | 428 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197084 | [
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n a new tab Timeline for Training and Evaluation. Two formats, a workshop and classroom training, were used to provide training in conflict resolution. The timing of training and surveys for workshops ( A ) and classroom training ( B ) is illustrated. Training sessions are indicated in green and intervening times until... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.87 | ["education", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197120 | [
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19 and 2020, and to evaluate baseline knowledge in a pre-test in 2020, were independently scored by both instructors using a common rubric. The rubric was developed jointly by both instructors and they discussed how to score hypothetical answers prior to scoring the survey responses. Scores were averaged for statistica... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.322 | 0.824 | ["education"] | 421 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197151 | [
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aled homogeneity of variance between the samples. However, Shapiro-Wilks, Anderson–Darling, D’Agostina & Pearson and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests for normal distribution revealed that these scores were not Gaussian and therefore a non-parametric statistic was used. The Kruskal Wallis H test and Conover and Dunn posthoc tes... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.295 | 0.842 | ["philosophy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197183 | [
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wed by a role-playing session the following week. The second workshop (February 2019) targeted students in two biomedical science graduate programs (the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Clinical and Translational Sciences Graduate Programs) and consisted of two mixed sessions containing didactic and role-playing ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.691 | 0.82 | ["war_conflict"] | 456 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197213 | [
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lict, solicited from faculty and students at WVU. While the workshops were well received, student commitment to participation flagged as the number of participants was significantly less than the number of students registered to participate. Anecdotal evidence from discussion with students who participated in the works... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.996 | 0.84 | ["war_conflict"] | 480 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197246 | [
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early in the curriculum would be most beneficial. Conflict resolution was incorporated into a professional skills development component for the first-year graduate curriculum for fall 2019. Table 5. Number of attendees and respondents to surveys Format Registered Attendees Level 1 Response Level 2 Response Level 3 Resp... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.884 | ["career", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 511 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197280 | [
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evel 3 follow up survey did not distinguish which workshop respondents attended The professional skills development component of the first-year curriculum was designed to include didactic/interactive sessions on communication, lay communication, resilience, networking, working in teams/collaboration, conflict resolutio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.834 | ["communication", "leadership", "management", "networking", "career"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197317 | [
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URBEST Program’s Leadership and Management for Scientists at the University of Rochester [ 18 ]. Each session was 50 min in duration. We also offer a 1-credit course with identical content that runs concurrently for students not enrolled in this curriculum, including more senior students and students from other departm... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.685 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "management", "education"] | 426 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197348 | [
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upon the graduate programs at WVU is anticipated. Conflict resolution was a central theme of these sessions, since these skills crossed a number of recommended professional skills competencies, including leadership, project management, teamwork, collaboration, and managing others. Negotiation, which shares many concept... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.998 | 0.828 | ["management", "war_conflict", "leadership", "communication", "negotiation"] | 490 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197381 | [
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ely and to use principled negotiation strategies. Each session was a mixture of didactic presentation of concepts interspersed with interactive/role-playing activities. Distribution of the sessions over seven weeks was intentional to reinforce concepts and engage in role-playing over an extended period of time to promo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.844 | ["war_conflict", "communication", "negotiation", "education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197410 | [
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the formal curriculum, but is similarly extended over six sessions [ 19 ]. This strategy is based on the concepts of retrieval learning (role playing), spacing out practice (over multiple sessions), and varying practice (interleaving conflict resolution and negotiation) as effective methods of learning [ 20 ]. The Fall... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.983 | 0.83 | ["education", "philosophy", "strategy", "negotiation", "war_conflict"] | 415 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197444 | [
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ry 8 Prof Dev VIII—Negotiations—practice 9 Prof Dev IX—Shadow Negotiations Beneficial Skills 10 Prof Dev X—Networking 11 Prof Dev XI—Perseverance/Resilience Team and Management 12 Prof Dev XII—Entrepreneurship 13 Prof Dev XIII—Working in Teams 14 Prof Dev XIV—Collaboration 15 Prof Dev XV—Project management Open in a ne... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.9 | 0.68 | ["management", "negotiation", "networking", "war_conflict", "communication"] | 498 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197473 | [
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r components interspersed throughout the session. The first was didactic, where concepts, strategies, and tactics for managing conflict/negotiation were presented to the students. The second was interactive, where the students contributed to in-class discussion using on-line polling tools. The third was an illustration... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.899 | 0.848 | ["management", "negotiation", "war_conflict"] | 502 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197503 | [
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nd how this approach could spiral out of control. The situation was acted out a second time demonstrating a specific strategy or tactic to manage conflict in that scenario. The fourth component was role-playing by the students. The scenarios for role-playing were solicited from students and faculty at the Health Scienc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.858 | ["war_conflict", "strategy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197532 | [
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on skills and the student playing the ‘opponent’ in the exercise was given specific instructions to resist. The role-playing activities were considered important to begin training the students to modify their behavior to improve their ability to resolve conflict. Active learning activities like these are frequently uti... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.983 | 0.822 | ["war_conflict", "education", "career"] | 416 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197563 | [
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ding training in conflict resolution [ 21 – 24 ]. Each of the sessions was designed to deliver a few lessons related to conflict resolution/negotiation and some skills for students to learn to manage conflict (Table 7 ). The lessons and skills were developed from a number of sources (Table 7 ). The first sessions focus... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.991 | 0.85 | ["war_conflict", "negotiation", "economy"] | 453 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197599 | [
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more complex scenarios, strategies, and tactics. When transitioning to the negotiation sessions, twenty-four concepts from conflict resolution were briefly reviewed, as these were also essential concepts for successful negotiation (Table 8 ). The interactive exercises with the class were interspersed with the didactic ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.844 | ["negotiation", "war_conflict"] | 502 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197628 | [
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and defuse the opponent’s emotions are discussed. In the exercise, “scenes from a hat”, one student draws an inflammatory statement (authentic statements heard by and solicited from graduate students) from a hat and reads the statement to another student. For example, “Why don’t you ever help out with laboratory grunt ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.87 | ["crisis", "economy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197656 | [
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ersonal challenge to focus on the underlying issues, rather than on the persons involved. For example, “You are right that there is an issue of keeping common reagents stocked. Perhaps we could discuss ways to work as a team to restock.” A second example of using interactive activities to develop concepts come from the... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.862 | ["negotiation", "management", "crisis"] | 506 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197686 | [
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their colleagues and providing collective lists. The session then moved into a didactic component discussing preparation and performing research prior to the beginning of a negotiation. The students were then anonymously polled for factual information they would like to collect. The session returned to a didactic discu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.307 | 0.84 | ["philosophy", "negotiation"] | 471 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197728 | [
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ask for in return for taking on this assignment. Most of the responses from the students were thoughtful and reasonable, suggesting they took the opportunity to seriously work through the exercise. Table 7. Details of conflict resolution/negotiation sessions Session Lessons Skills References Conflict Resolution 1 • Con... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.896 | 0.862 | ["war_conflict", "philosophy", "negotiation"] | 511 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197761 | [
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[ 25 – 27 ] Conflict Resolution 2 • Conflict can be emotional • Stories generate emotions • Reframing your emotions • Defusing your opponent’s emotions [ 25 – 29 ] Conflict Resolution 3 • Managing feelings and identity • Focus on contribution, not blame • Intentions – don’t assume, careful of impact • Using 3 rd story ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.734 | ["war_conflict", "management"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197790 | [
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lence” impede dialogue – need to make it safe • Restoring safety – mutual purpose & mutual respect • Contrasting • STATE your path – share facts, tell story, ask their story, talk tentatively, encourage testing • Ask/mirror/paraphrase/prime [ 29 ] Negotiation 1 • Principled negotiation • Preparation – facts and interes... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.722 | ["negotiation"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197820 | [
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• Exploiting differences • Expressing yourself • Asking questions • Maintaining engagement [ 30 – 34 ] Negotiation 3 • Shadow negotiations • Resistance to tricky tactics • Redirecting or turning attacks • Reframing [ 30 – 32 ] Open in a new tab Table 8. Twenty-four conflict resolution strategies used in negotiation Sep... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.72 | ["negotiation", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197849 | [
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ns Empathy Speak about how you feel Agree where you can Don’t blame Build a relationship Show that your heard them Don’t assume intentions Ask open ended questions Acknowledge Understand your emotions Focus on future, not past Reframe Prepare for challenges to identity Be hard on the problem, soft on the people Resist ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.716 | ["philosophy", "crisis", "networking", "education"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197878 | [
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ional considerations that you could help me with. Perhaps we could meet and discuss these issues at a later date rather than in the middle of my presentation.” A second example of instructor demonstrations illustrated the reason for asking open ended questions during negotiation. The demonstration begins, “Can we chang... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.86 | ["negotiation", "communication", "philosophy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197942 | [
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quickly if questions are asked in the wrong fashion. The follow up demonstration uses open ended questions. “What is the purpose of this policy?”, “Who created this policy?”, “Why not modify the policy to take into account this situation?”. Illustrating different examples by demonstration provides an alternative to did... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.7 | ["communication"] | 510 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.197996 | [
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ce this provided them the opportunity to practice different approaches in conflict resolution and negotiation. These activities were designed to practice the specific skill sets covered in class and the ‘opponent’ in the discussion received instructions to resist and raise objections to extend the opportunity to practi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.846 | ["war_conflict", "negotiation"] | 501 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198034 | [
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xercises are shown in the supplemental material . During these exercises, the instructors circulated among the students to observe their interactions, identify good examples to point out to the class, and provide suggestions if the students were struggling. Immediately following the exercise, the class and instructors ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.895 | 0.84 | ["communication", "crisis", "war_conflict", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198068 | [
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ns contain strategies for engaging in difficult conversations and some of these concepts are very relevant to managing difficult conversations around diversity equity and inclusion (DEI). The negotiation sessions contain strategies to deal with tricky or challenging bargaining tactics and include strategies to counter ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.836 | ["crisis", "negotiation", "management", "war_conflict"] | 509 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198101 | [
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oth the recipient and a bystander were presented. Students were asked to reflect on microaggression and write about a fictional incidence of microaggression explaining how the recipient might respond and how a bystander might respond to the microaggression. Effectiveness of Training Student reception of the workshop/co... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.322 | 0.82 | [] | 419 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198131 | [
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re requested to take an online, anonymous survey. Approximately 3 weeks after completion of the conflict resolution/negotiation sessions in the first-year curriculum, the students were asked to complete an online, anonymous survey to measure their reception of the sessions. The workshop survey contained five statements... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.844 | ["negotiation", "career", "war_conflict"] | 510 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198161 | [
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s related to the negotiation sessions (Table 2 ). Participants were asked if they agreed with the statements using the Likert scale to indicate strength of agreement (5 = strongly agree) or disagreement (1 = strongly disagree). The results are shown in Fig. 2 . The students were largely in agreement that the workshop/c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.86 | ["negotiation", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198190 | [
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o conflict, and provided useful strategies for use in the future. The average scores were remarkably uniform across the different iterations of these sessions. The reaction of students to these sessions suggest that they provide new information about conflict resolution/negotiation and some preparation for managing con... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.848 | ["war_conflict", "philosophy", "management", "negotiation"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198219 | [
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esolution/negotiation training sessions is shown. n = number of respondents The students were also asked to describe the best part(s) of the workshop/professional skills sessions (Table 9 ). Given the numerical response to the statement about the usefulness of role-playing (Fig. 2 ), it was surprising that the students... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.85 | ["negotiation", "career", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198270 | [
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rguments/negotiations, the didactic content and learning about personal approaches to conflict. Table 9. Best parts of the conflict resolution/negotiation sessions Fall 2020 Class (30 Enrolled /23 Responses) Role Play (6) Negotiation exercise (5) Watching demos of conflict resolution/negotiation (4) Learning about nego... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.84 | ["negotiation", "war_conflict", "education", "communication"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198304 | [
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ss (28 Enrolled/ 35 Responses) Role Playing (26) Lectures (3) Watching (2) Learn different approaches (1) Text polling (1) Argue in safe environment (1) Negotiation (1) Workshops 2019/2020 (20 Enrolled / 12 Responses) Role Playing (6) Watching (2) Learn different approaches (1) Learn about myself (2) Argue in safe envi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.714 | ["negotiation", "philosophy"] | 511 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198333 | [
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improvement for the sessions, although there was little consensus. These are presented in Supplemental Table 1 for consideration for modification and development of similar activities. Student learning in the course As part of the survey to evaluate student reception of the course, the students were also asked ten ques... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.985 | 0.828 | ["negotiation", "war_conflict", "education"] | 424 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198363 | [
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n conflict resolution and negotiation (Table 3 ). This was not a formal test, was administered anonymously and the students were instructed that there was no need to study in advance. The intent was to measure the quality of information that they retained from the training sessions and not their ability to master the s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.909 | 0.854 | ["philosophy", "negotiation", "war_conflict", "education"] | 461 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198428 | [
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The scores of the two instructors were averaged. After completion of training in fall 2019, the students exhibited knowledge of strategies to manage conflict of interest and negotiation (mean score = 7.3 ± 2.1, median = 8) (Fig. 3 ). After completion of training in fall 2020, the students scored lower on the assessment... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.73 | ["negotiation", "war_conflict", "education"] | 508 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198458 | [
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orated (mean score = 2.3 ± 1.6, median = 2) (Fig. 3 ). The distribution of scores on each exam was not Gaussian and a non-parametrical statistical test, the Kruskal Wallis H test, was used to evaluate differences between the scores. The H statistic was 85.97, p < 0.0001. Conover and Dunn posthoc tests indicated that th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.895 | 0.718 | ["war_conflict"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198491 | [
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the students learned concepts of conflict resolution and negotiation. It is uncertain if the difference in post-test scores between cohorts are due to different levels of knowledge prior to training (there was no pre-test in fall 2019), variability in learning between the cohorts or if it reflects the difference in lea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.862 | ["education", "negotiation", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 511 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198522 | [
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l performance in these evaluations is encouraging and suggests that these training sessions may have been effective. Fig. 3. Open in a new tab Student Scores on Pre- and Post-Tests. The students were asked 10 questions (see Table 3 ) to evaluate their knowledge of concepts and skills presented in the training sessions.... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.395 | 0.856 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 473 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198551 | [
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t was administered before the Fall 2020 sessions. The tests were scored independently by the two instructors using a common rubric. The test scores are presented as a box and whisker plot. The outlier in the Post 2019 test is indicated by a circle. The distribution of scores for each exam was non-Gaussian. The results ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.88 | ["philosophy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198582 | [
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ores of each of the three tests were different Impact on the students – after the fact Students were surveyed in March 2020 to determine if training in conflict resolution/negotiation had altered their behavior or attitude towards conflict resolution. This survey was 18 months after the first workshop, 13 months after ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.99 | 0.836 | ["war_conflict", "negotiation", "career"] | 450 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198612 | [
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ons in the professional skills development class. All registrants/participants in the workshops who were still registered at WVU and all students who had taken the professional skills development class were surveyed. The survey consisted of three questions (Table 4 ), with a follow up to each to elaborate on the concep... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.396 | 0.852 | ["career", "economy"] | 482 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198644 | [
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ulating in Fall 2020 were surveyed in March 2021. The overall response rate for the surveys was 57.5%. The majority of students who took a workshop had used concepts from the workshop in resolving conflicts and all of the students had observed scenarios where they felt that concepts from the course could have been appl... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.686 | 0.846 | ["war_conflict"] | 429 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198673 | [
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ilize conflict resolution concepts in the future. The students who took the professional skills development sessions as part of the first-year curriculum were more junior than those who took the workshops, and there was less elapsed time between the conflict resolution sessions and the survey. The majority of these stu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.988 | 0.842 | ["war_conflict", "career"] | 441 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198702 | [
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e concepts could have been used (Fig. 3 B and C). Most of the respondents stated their intention to use some of the concepts in future conflicts. While other influences upon students’ management of conflict cannot be excluded, these results are consistent with modified student behavior in response to training in confli... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.866 | ["war_conflict", "management"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198728 | [
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veyed to determine if they had applied concepts/skills from the training sessions or recognized situations where they might be employed. The surveys asked six questions (Table 4 ), three main questions and three follow up questions about the details of the concepts/skills used. The number of respondents answering ‘yes’... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.876 | ["philosophy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198756 | [
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nd the classroom format ( B and C ) The other side of the equation – faculty training In addition to providing conflict resolution training to graduate students, we have also conducted workshops on conflict resolution for faculty. These were single 60-to-90-min sessions introducing some of the key concepts in conflict ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.858 | ["war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198787 | [
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doctoral students the interactive exercises focused upon conflict resolution and approaching difficult conversations with trainees. In a workshop for women in science, the interactive exercises provided practice in conflict resolution with trainees and with senior faculty in positions of authority. In a combined worksh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.901 | 0.842 | ["war_conflict", "communication", "crisis"] | 495 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198817 | [
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esence of a real or perceived power differential. The role-playing scenarios created for these sessions are described in the supplemental material . These single sessions were not expected to change the behavior of the participants, but served to raise awareness of approaches to manage conflict. Discussion The intent o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.988 | 0.83 | ["war_conflict"] | 440 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198846 | [
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s and skillset to successfully navigate conflict. Role-playing scenarios focus on academic scenarios to prepare students for situations they may encounter in the short term with co-workers and mentors. However, these skills transcend professional boundaries as illustrated to the students by examples presented in the di... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.999 | 0.838 | ["career", "management", "crisis", "war_conflict"] | 497 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198879 | [
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for managing difficult conversations around DEI. The use of empathy and active listening are important for difficult conversations and strategies to reframe and defuse emotions aid in managing emotional conversations. Strategies to redirect verbal attacks and reframe personal challenges provide responses to microaggres... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.993 | 0.83 | ["crisis", "management", "communication", "war_conflict"] | 463 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198908 | [
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resses only a small component of training in DEI. As such, these sessions will serve to complement other, more comprehensive programs to educate students faculty and staff about DEI issues. Reception and effectiveness Uniformly, across the platforms, the students felt that these sessions provided them with new informat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.903 | 0.848 | ["philosophy", "negotiation", "war_conflict"] | 486 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198938 | [
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sions are meeting the needs of graduate students. Similarly, surveys of clinicians/residents about graduate medical education leadership training demonstrate a need for instruction in the effective management of conflict and navigating difficult conversations [ 35 , 36 ]. The results of studies to evaluate the effectiv... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.846 | ["war_conflict", "leadership", "education", "management", "crisis"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198968 | [
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essions, the TKI and the Putnam-Wilson Organizational Communication Conflict Instrument (OCCI) were used to evaluate changes in student approaches to conflict. The pre- and post-tests were administered 10 weeks apart and the results showed a trend toward a change in approach to a cooperative style of conflict managemen... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.854 | ["war_conflict", "communication", "management"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.198995 | [
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faculty in a new graduate program was evaluated by surveys and focus groups and appeared to have a positive impact upon conflict management by participants [ 37 ]. A two-day conflict resolution workshop for residents and medical school faculty was evaluated by surveys and a long term follow up using focus groups 12 to ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.874 | ["war_conflict", "management", "education"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199033 | [
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training were incorporated by participants in their professional lives. Our results suggest graduate student trainees gain concepts to manage conflict from the training sessions, based upon post-test results, and that the students recognize situations where specific strategies can be applied to manage conflict months a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.844 | ["war_conflict", "negotiation", "career", "education"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199094 | [
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flict resolution/negotiation sessions in the future. Workshop vs class The first iteration of our conflict resolution sessions was delivered in a workshop format comprised of two 1.5—2 h sessions with a mixture of didactic and interactive content. Incorporation of these sessions into the graduate curriculum accomplishe... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.852 | ["communication", "negotiation", "war_conflict", "philosophy", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199144 | [
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rogram and 3) extending delivery over a longer time frame. Analysis of the Michigan State University conflict resolution workshops revealed several student-identified limitations, including training a narrow cohort of students who participate in the voluntary workshops and training later, rather than earlier, in the gr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.844 | ["war_conflict", "negotiation", "career", "education"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199180 | [
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he exercises required retrieval practice and spaced-out practice of skills, two effective methods to promote learning and incorporation of new skills into behavior [ 20 ]. What worked? In both the workshop format and classroom format, students identified observing the role-playing exercises by the instructors as one of... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.848 | ["philosophy", "communication", "education", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199218 | [
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t” approach was illustrated by the instructors, followed by a second demonstration of a better approach using a strategy discussed in class. This method contrasted the two approaches and emphasized the differences by providing a clear example of the benefits of adopting the strategies presented in the course. The role-... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.85 | ["strategy", "salary", "philosophy"] | 499 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199250 | [
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role-playing activities would improve the course. This contrasted with a subset of students with the opposite view, that role-playing in the course should be reduced. We believe the difference reflects the comfort level of different students in role playing exercises. Likewise, in a recent survey of residents, role-pla... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.903 | 0.846 | ["management", "crisis", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 488 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199281 | [
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there are some limitations in role-playing, e.g. the interaction is artificial and it is difficult to simulate a power differential [ 39 ], most conflict resolution training utilizes role-playing [ 22 ]. Further, hands-on training and practicing skills in context are important and effective approaches in learning [ 20 ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.864 | ["crisis", "war_conflict", "education"] | 511 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199314 | [
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ing to create a list of options and this effectively translated into the virtual format via zoom in the chat feature. For example, in the negotiation portion this strategy was used to allow the students to explore the pros and cons of an Assistant Professor taking on the role of Director of Graduate studies and then pr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.864 | ["negotiation", "strategy", "innovation", "philosophy"] | 504 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199343 | [
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nd thinking creatively in advance of negotiation. What didn’t work? The role-playing exercises for conflict resolution were all designed based upon real situations experienced by our graduate students and were broadly characterized as conflicts with mentors or conflicts with peers. These engaged the students with relat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.69 | 0.824 | ["war_conflict", "negotiation", "innovation", "career"] | 448 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199387 | [
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iation exercises were initially more challenging. The first iteration used a negotiation scenario between teams of “students” and teams of “faculty/administrators” to negotiate a new contract between the university and the student’s union. The expectation was that the students would be engaged in discussing student iss... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.844 | ["negotiation", "management", "interview", "education"] | 504 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199418 | [
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a unique networking opportunity for the students. A number of students identified this exercise as a strength of the course in Fall 2020. In-person vs Virtual delivery Transitioning to a virtual method of delivery during the pandemic provided some challenges. With the exception of the chat and some discussion, the form... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.295 | 0.852 | ["networking", "philosophy", "crisis"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199447 | [
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ing the impact of illustrating different approaches to one issue. The role-playing exercises became more challenging. In the classroom, assigning roles was straightforward and instructions were provided on handouts. In the virtual format, more coordination was required and fewer instructions could effectively be delive... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.31 | 0.826 | ["war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 459 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199478 | [
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identifying pieces to utilize during de-briefing. The role-playing sessions in the virtual classroom were performed in breakout rooms and the movement of instructors into and out of the breakout rooms delayed progression through the class and reduced the number of interactions monitored by the instructors. In the works... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.1 | 0.862 | ["philosophy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199514 | [
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y of the respondents to the course evaluation survey. In contrast, only one-quarter of the students in the Fall 2020 class stated that role playing was a major strength. These results suggest that the instructors’ perception of the shortcomings of role playing in the virtual classroom was shared by the students. Limita... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9159771/ | Introducing conflict resolution and negotiation training into a biomedical sciences graduate curriculum - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.295 | 0.868 | ["education"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.199543 | [
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Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Abstract When describing leadership effectiveness as influencing and impacting the feelings, thoughts and behaviors of others, it can be seen as a critical skill in the overall effectiveness of leaders in general, including those in higher... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39639310/ | Managing conflict styles to accelerate leadership effectiveness - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.895 | 0.692 | ["leadership", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.315069 | [
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sights into where transitions from individual academic roles to leadership ones can be accelerated. In this article we share thoughts and an approach to identifying the importance of conflict management as a key leadership skill to increasing overall leadership effectiveness. We describe a workshop facilitated as a com... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39639310/ | Managing conflict styles to accelerate leadership effectiveness - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.919 | 0.826 | ["leadership", "management", "career", "war_conflict"] | 429 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.315160 | [
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of the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB). The workshop, A Leadership Primer uses the Thomas-Kilmann Instrument (TKI), individual reflection, peer coaching and goal setting to provide insight into the origin and impact of individual conflict management styles. While there is evidence indicating that the use of a ... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39639310/ | Managing conflict styles to accelerate leadership effectiveness - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict", "economy"] | 507 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.315215 | [
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les that showed more use of a Compromising style. The workshop and follow up sessions provided coaching support to identify origins of conflict styles and options for increasing flexibility to apply a range of conflict styles. Keywords: Academic leaders; Conflict styles; Effective leadership; Leadership styles; Managin... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39639310/ | Managing conflict styles to accelerate leadership effectiveness - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "management", "ethics"] | 509 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.315339 | [
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ent to participate: Goucher College IRB 20141709. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The author has read BioMed Central’s guidance on competing interests and confirm that they do not have any competing interests. Figures Fig. 1 Thomas Kilmann conflict styles Fig. 1 Thomas Kilmann conflict sty... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39639310/ | Managing conflict styles to accelerate leadership effectiveness - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.686 | 0.682 | ["war_conflict"] | 428 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.315398 | [
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setting model Fig. 2 GROW goal setting model Fig. 2 GROW goal setting model See this image and copyright information in PMC References Segarra V, Gentry W. Taking ownership of your career: professional development through experiential learning. BMC Proceedings. 2021;15(Suppl 2):5. 10.1186/s12919-021-00211-w. - DOI - PM... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39639310/ | Managing conflict styles to accelerate leadership effectiveness - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.993 | 0.684 | ["leadership", "career", "philosophy", "education"] | 466 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.315443 | [
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d impact. Atlanta: Pennpoints IP; 2020. Jensen D. Metaphors as a bridge to understanding educational and social contexts. Int J Qual Methods. 2006. 10.1177/160940690600500104 Alberts B, et al. Essential cell biology. 5 th Edition, W.W. Norton & Company; 2019 Kouzes JM, Posner BZ. Leadership in higher education. Oakland... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39639310/ | Managing conflict styles to accelerate leadership effectiveness - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.69 | 0.682 | ["leadership", "education"] | 450 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.315485 | [
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Clin Colon Rectal Surg . 2013 Dec;26(4):259–264. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1356728 Conflict Management: Difficult Conversations with Difficult People Amy R Overton Amy R Overton , BA 1 Division of Health Policy and Management, Department of Health Administration, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3835442/ | Conflict Management: Difficult Conversations with Difficult People - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.856 | ["education", "strategy", "management", "crisis", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.435608 | [
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ul, Minnesota ✉ Address for correspondence Ann C. Lowry, MD Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 1055 Westgate Drive Suite 190, St Paul, MN 55114, Email: alowry@crsal.org © Thieme Medical Publishers PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC3835442 PMID: 24436688 Abstract Conflict ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3835442/ | Conflict Management: Difficult Conversations with Difficult People - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.7 | 0.842 | ["communication", "strategy", "management", "war_conflict", "education"] | 512 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.435713 | [
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ent satisfaction, and increased employee turnover. Research demonstrates that training in conflict resolution skills can result in improved teamwork, productivity, and patient and employee satisfaction. Strategies to address a disruptive physician, a particularly difficult conflict situation in healthcare, are addresse... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3835442/ | Conflict Management: Difficult Conversations with Difficult People - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 1 | 0.826 | ["war_conflict", "management", "communication", "crisis"] | 501 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.435764 | [
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importance of conflict resolution and management. (2) Recognize skill sets applicable to conflict management. (3) Summarize the steps necessary involved in a successful confrontational conversation. Conflicts of various magnitudes occur frequently. You share a workspace with a colleague who consistently leaves the spac... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3835442/ | Conflict Management: Difficult Conversations with Difficult People - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.684 | 0.816 | ["war_conflict", "management", "career"] | 419 | Conflict Resolution Leadership | topic | 2026-03-21T18:11:38.435808 | [
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