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Northwestern's Evanston campus, where the undergraduate schools, the Graduate School, and the Kellogg School of Management are located, runs north-south from Lincoln Avenue to Clark Street west of Lake Michigan along Sheridan Road. North and South Campuses have noticeably different atmospheres, owing to the predominanc...
Which campus holds the undergraduate schools, the Graduate school, and the Rice Krispie school of Management?
{'text': 'Evanston', 'answer_start': 15}
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The headquarters of the MoD are in Whitehall and are now known as Main Building. This structure is neoclassical in style and was originally built between 1938 and 1959 to designs by Vincent Harris to house the Air Ministry and the Board of Trade. The northern entrance in Horse Guards Avenue is flanked by two monumental...
What did Vincent Harris originally build in 2004?
{'text': 'The headquarters of the MoD', 'answer_start': 0}
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The bureau's first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the "White Slave Traffic Act," or Mann Act, passed on June 25, 1910. In 1932, it was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibitio...
When was the Mann Act rejected by congress?
{'text': 'June 25, 1910', 'answer_start': 178}
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To extend and consolidate the dynasty's control in Central Asia, the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia. The Kangxi Emperor was able to successfully expel Galdan's invading forces from these regions, which were then incorporated into the empire. Galdan wa...
When did Taiwan fall?
{'text': '1683', 'answer_start': 368}
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For nearly 2000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia. A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pāṇini ...
Where did Sanskrit exert influence for less than 1000 years?
{'text': 'South Asia', 'answer_start': 99}
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On April 29, 2011, the boundaries for the state-run tourism district were set. The district would include heavier police presence, as well as beautification and infrastructure improvements. The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and will make changes to attract new businesses and attractions. New construc...
Who would make the changes within the district to attract new businesses and attractions?
{'text': 'The CRDA', 'answer_start': 190}
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George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's clas...
Who wrote the "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals?
{'text': 'George Gaylord Simpson', 'answer_start': 0}
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The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. Those who have been previously immunized may have a false-positive test result. The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. Interferon gamma relea...
What environmental substance are IGRAs affected by?
{'text': 'mycobacteria', 'answer_start': 482}
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The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas. The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons). If the rhinoceros beetle in Samoa were eradicated, Samoa could produce in exces...
In how many tons is the annual production of coffee?
{'text': 'in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons', 'answer_start': 159}
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A revolution in 1332 resulted in a broad-based city government with participation of the guilds, and Strasbourg declared itself a free republic. The deadly bubonic plague of 1348 was followed on 14 February 1349 by one of the first and worst pogroms in pre-modern history: over a thousand Jews were publicly burnt to dea...
How many Jews were burned to death in 1349?
{'text': 'over a thousand', 'answer_start': 273}
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The alkali metal ions are small and mobile; their presence in glass allows a degree of electrical conductivity, especially in molten state or at high temperature. Their mobility decreases the chemical resistance of the glass, allowing leaching by water and facilitating corrosion. Alkaline earth ions, with their two pos...
What types of compunds does typical glass have?
{'text': 'alkali and alkaline earth ions', 'answer_start': 560}
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The editor, Larry Lamb, was originally from a Labour background, with a socialist upbringing while his temporary replacement Bernard Shrimsley (1972–75) was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative. An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period, voiced by actor Christopher Timothy, may have helped ...
Where did Murdoch begin expanding?
{'text': 'United States', 'answer_start': 562}
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The reason for this is that a quantum disjunction, unlike the case for classical disjunction, can be true even when both of the disjuncts are false and this is, in turn, attributable to the fact that it is frequently the case, in quantum mechanics, that a pair of alternatives are semantically determinate, while each of...
How can quantum disjuction be illustrated?
{'text': 'illustrated by a simple example', 'answer_start': 392}
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During the mid-2000s, the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s. During this period, the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects in which 50 were actually built. In 2007, however, the housing market crashed causing lots of foreclosures on hous...
In what year did Forbes call Miami the country's least miserable city?
{'text': '2012', 'answer_start': 783}
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When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example,...
Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch?
{'text': 'Clarendon', 'answer_start': 115}
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Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "...
Who was the subject of Gesta Friderici Imperatoris?
{'text': 'Emperor Frederick Barbarossa', 'answer_start': 701}
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The Knights of Columbus, the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization and a Fortune 1000 company, is headquartered in New Haven. Two more Fortune 1000 companies are based in Greater New Haven: the electrical equipment producers Hubbell, based in Orange, and Amphenol, based in Wallingford. Eight Courant 1...
Within the New Haven metropolitan area contain a Fortune 1000 company located in Orange, the name of the company?
{'text': 'Hubbell', 'answer_start': 243}
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The skeleton consists of very lightweight bones. They have large air-filled cavities (called pneumatic cavities) which connect with the respiratory system. The skull bones in adults are fused and do not show cranial sutures. The orbits are large and separated by a bony septum. The spine has cervical, thoracic, lumbar a...
What consists of very lightweight bones?
{'text': 'The skeleton', 'answer_start': 0}
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Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Lo...
Who was a student of Chopin's former students and actually recorded some Chopin music?
{'text': 'Raoul Koczalski', 'answer_start': 197}
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Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs", as used on the iPod interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held...
What interface feature did Apple unsuccessfully try to patent?
{'text': 'rotational user inputs', 'answer_start': 86}
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Bermuda has developed a proud Rugby Union community. The Bermuda Rugby Union team won the 2011 Caribbean championships, defeating Guyana in the final. They previously beat The Bahamas and Mexico to take the crown. Rugby 7's is also played, with four rounds scheduled to take place in the 2011–2012 season. The Bermuda 7'...
Who won the 2011 Guyana Championships?
{'text': 'The Bermuda Rugby Union team', 'answer_start': 53}
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The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest ...
Where does RAdio Gaalkacyo operate from?
{'text': 'Galkayo', 'answer_start': 222}
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In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol...
Aside from water and hops, what is the only other ingredient allowed in beer?
{'text': 'barley-malt', 'answer_start': 232}
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Salyut 1's orbit was increased to prevent premature reentry, but further piloted flights were delayed while the Soyuz was redesigned to fix the new safety problem. The station re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on October 11, after 175 days in orbit. The USSR attempted to launch a second Salyut-class station designated ...
Why did The Durable Orbital Station-2 not reach orbit?
{'text': 'rocket failure', 'answer_start': 378}
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In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna). When one is in ...
In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what?
{'text': 'mind', 'answer_start': 76}
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There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routine...
The idea of what constitutes a family, from the human perspective, has enlarged to include what?
{'text': 'dogs.', 'answer_start': 63}
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In 1978, the band released Jazz, which reached number two in the UK and number six on the Billboard 200 in the US. The album included the hit singles "Fat Bottomed Girls" and "Bicycle Race" on a double-sided record. Queen rented Wimbledon Stadium for a day to shoot the video, with 65 naked female models hired to stage ...
What number did Queen's Jazz reach on UK charts?
{'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 54}
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"Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some ...
What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?
{'text': '"Old Style" (OS) and "New Style"', 'answer_start': 0}
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Though pesticide regulations differ from country to country, pesticides, and products on which they were used are traded across international borders. To deal with inconsistencies in regulations among countries, delegates to a conference of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization adopted an International C...
In what areas do agriculture methods differ?
{'text': 'from country to country', 'answer_start': 36}
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Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out...
Whose death in 1779 led to a civil war in Iran?
{'text': 'Karim Khan', 'answer_start': 44}
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Islamic tradition relates that Muhammad received his first revelation in the Cave of Hira during one of his isolated retreats to the mountains. Thereafter, he received revelations over a period of 23 years. According to hadith and Muslim history, after Muhammad immigrated to Medina and formed an independent Muslim comm...
In which mountain cave did Mohammad experience his first revelation?
{'text': 'Cave of Hira', 'answer_start': 77}
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One may claim that the judiciary has historically been the weakest of the three branches. In fact, its power to exercise judicial review—its sole meaningful check on the other two branches—is not explicitly granted by the U.S Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts as ...
Which power of the judiciary is explicitly granted in the Constitution?
{'text': 'power to exercise judicial review', 'answer_start': 103}
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Much of the colonial administration belonged to this club, which had been formed by the Duke of Wellington. Meadows' terminology must represent usage by that administration. If not the first use of the terms, the letter to the Times was certainly one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary to the general publi...
What was said must represent usage by that administration?
{'text': "Meadows' terminology", 'answer_start': 108}
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By the mid-1970s, the agency had achieved a semi-automated air traffic control system using both radar and computer technology. This system required enhancement to keep pace with air traffic growth, however, especially after the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 phased out the CAB's economic regulation of the airlines. ...
When did the agency achieve fully automated air traffic control systems?
{'text': 'mid-1970s', 'answer_start': 7}
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A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents...
What are held together for a knuckle-space month count?
{'text': "one's two fists", 'answer_start': 72}
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The most precise timekeeping device of the ancient world was the water clock, or clepsydra, one of which was found in the tomb of Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I (1525–1504 BC). They could be used to measure the hours even at night, but required manual upkeep to replenish the flow of water. The Ancient Greeks and the peop...
Which engineers came up with the first clocks?
{'text': 'Chinese', 'answer_start': 593}
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The Taliban regrouped in western Pakistan and began to unleash an insurgent-style offensive against Coalition forces in late 2002. Throughout southern and eastern Afghanistan, firefights broke out between the surging Taliban and Coalition forces. Coalition forces responded with a series of military offensives and an in...
What operation did Coalition forces launch in February 2002?
{'text': 'Operation Moshtarak', 'answer_start': 411}
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Treaties formed an important part of European colonization and, in many parts of the world, Europeans attempted to legitimize their sovereignty by signing treaties with indigenous peoples. In most cases these treaties were in extremely disadvantageous terms to the native people, who often did not appreciate the implica...
With whom did Europeans attempt to sign treaties in order to legitimize their sovereignty during colonization?
{'text': 'indigenous peoples', 'answer_start': 169}
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Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries. For example, a community has existed for over a millennium in the Holy Land, and one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem has been called the Armenian Quarter. An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 3...
How long have Catholic communities existed outside Austria?
{'text': 'centuries', 'answer_start': 85}
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India's cotton-processing sector gradually declined during British expansion in India and the establishment of colonial rule during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This was largely due to aggressive colonialist mercantile policies of the British East India Company, which made cotton processing and manufacturing...
During what centuries did East India rule effect Indian cotton production?
{'text': 'late 18th and early 19th', 'answer_start': 136}
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Music is cherished in Boston. The Boston Symphony Orchestra is one of the "Big Five," a group of the greatest American orchestras, and the classical music magazine Gramophone called it one of the "world's best" orchestras. Symphony Hall (located west of Back Bay) is home to the Boston Symphony Orchestra, (and the relat...
What does Boston Symphony orchestra call home?
{'text': 'Symphony Hall', 'answer_start': 223}
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A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously. A listener hears numerous frequencies at once. The vibration with the lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency; the other frequencies are overtones. Harmonics are an important class of overtones with frequencies ...
A listener can hear how many frequencies at once?
{'text': 'numerous', 'answer_start': 113}
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Before mechanical printing, literature was copied by hand, and many variations were introduced by copyists. The age of printing made the scribal profession effectively redundant. Printed editions, while less susceptible to the proliferation of variations likely to arise during manual transmission, are nonetheless not i...
How did they copy literature after mechanical printing?
{'text': 'by hand', 'answer_start': 50}
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Other lossy formats exist. Among these, mp3PRO, AAC, and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as MP3 and depend on roughly similar psychoacoustic models. The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft owns many of the basic patents underlying these formats as well, with others held by Dolby Labs, Sony, Thomson Consumer El...
Which company owns many of the patents that cover the other formats?
{'text': 'Fraunhofer Gesellschaft', 'answer_start': 174}
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Electricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station and Surry...
Who is Richmond's electricity supplier?
{'text': 'Dominion Virginia Power', 'answer_start': 54}
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The exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have yet to be established. To date, a lot of research has been conducted to determine the influence of genetics, hormonal action, development dynamics, social and cultural influences—which has led many to think that biology and environment factors...
What was found out about the theory of faulty psychological development being the cause for homosexuality?
{'text': 'this was based on prejudice and misinformation.', 'answer_start': 569}
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The term "modern" was coined in the 16th century to indicate present or recent times (ultimately derived from the Latin adverb modo, meaning "just now). The European Renaissance (about 1420–1630), which marked the transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times, started in Italy and was spurred in part b...
What did The European renaissance mark?
{'text': 'transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times', 'answer_start': 214}
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There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium. The original plan was for a new 60,000-seat stadium to be built, but in 2000 a proposal was submitted to build a 55,000 seat stadium as part of the King's Dock regeneration. This was unsuccessful as Everton failed to generate the £30 millio...
How much money did Everton FC need to generate for a half-stake in the new stadium project in 2000?
{'text': '£30 million', 'answer_start': 310}
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The system displays the What's New screen by default instead of the [Games] menu (or [Video] menu, if a movie was inserted) when starting up. What's New has four sections: "Our Pick", "Recently Played", latest information and new content available in PlayStation Store. There are four kinds of content the What's New scr...
What section of What's New can't show links to websites?
{'text': '"Recently Played"', 'answer_start': 364}
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With the neoplatonist Plotinus, wrote Nathaniel Alfred Boll; "there even appears, probably for the first time in Western philosophy, idealism that had long been current in the East even at that time, for it taught... that the soul has made the world by stepping from eternity into time...". Similarly, in regard to passa...
Who said time existed outside of the soul?
{'text': 'Enneads', 'answer_start': 333}
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Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, I...
What is the acronym for the World Customs Organization?
{'text': 'INTERPOL', 'answer_start': 398}
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Since their domestication, a large number of breeds of chickens have been established, but with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin. In about 1800, chickens began to be kept on a larger scale, and modern high-output poultry farms were present in the United Kingdom from around ...
What was of greater importance than the poultry meat-producing industry in the mid-20th century?
{'text': 'the egg-laying industry', 'answer_start': 494}
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Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat...
Who was the chief supporter of the bill that got Jefferson motivated to draft his Statute?
{'text': 'Patrick Henry', 'answer_start': 186}
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Eritrea (/ˌɛrᵻˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrᵻˈtriːə/;, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in East Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The n...
In what year was Eritrea founded?
{'text': '1890', 'answer_start': 601}
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The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member...
What kind of responsibilities does the Policy Committee have?
{'text': 'formal and informal', 'answer_start': 36}
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There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the ear...
What is used in the treatment of AIDS?
{'text': 'AZT', 'answer_start': 357}
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The elimination of wolves from Yellowstone National Park had profound impacts on the trophic pyramid. Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations. In addition, wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from h...
Loose soil from lack of trees along the river bed resulted in?
{'text': 'channel incision', 'answer_start': 676}
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The Assembly consisted of nine seats, with electors casting nine equal votes, of which no more than two could be given to any individual candidate. It is a method of voting called a "weighted first past the post system". Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as...
What is the official name for the Minister in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island?
{'text': 'Minister for Tourism, Industry and Development', 'answer_start': 445}
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Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration t...
Why did the English originally colonize Bermuda?
{'text': 'an extension of Virginia', 'answer_start': 40}
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The Heian period was preceded by the Nara period and began in 794 A.D after the movement of the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (present day Kyōto京都), by the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu. Kanmu first tried to move the capital to Nagaoka-kyō, but a series of disasters befell the city, prompting the emperor to relocate the ...
What was the name of the emperor who moved Japan's capital to Heian?
{'text': 'Kanmu', 'answer_start': 178}
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Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the Union during the American Civil War, including the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment (part of the legendary Iron Brigade), which fought with distinction and suffered 82% casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. When the First Volunteer Infantry Regiment arrive...
What Brigade was the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment a part of?
{'text': 'Iron Brigade', 'answer_start': 161}
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The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in eith...
Other than being expensive what was wrong with the Brezhnev Doctrine?
{'text': 'oppressive', 'answer_start': 521}
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Raskin was authorized to start hiring for the project in September 1979, and he immediately asked his long-time colleague, Brian Howard, to join him. His initial team would eventually consist of himself, Howard, Joanna Hoffman, Burrell Smith, and Bud Tribble. The rest of the original Mac team would include Bill Atkinso...
Who eventually lead the project on the Microsoft team?
{'text': 'Steve Jobs', 'answer_start': 471}
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The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda...
What was recycled more as the earth cooled?
{'text': 'crustal material', 'answer_start': 372}
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Another example of the persecution of heretics under Protestant rule was the execution of the Boston martyrs in 1659, 1660, and 1661. These executions resulted from the actions of the Anglican Puritans, who at that time wielded political as well as ecclesiastic control in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. At the time, the ...
What where the Quakers trying to achieve in the colonies?
{'text': 'a "purer absolute theocracy"', 'answer_start': 385}
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In 1912, the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible fo...
Who was sworn in as the second provisional president of the republic of China?
{'text': 'Beijing, Shikai', 'answer_start': 474}
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With the initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and "on the game." The force was a success after its first year, and his men had "established thei...
When was the Thames River Police made a private service?
{'text': '28 July 1800', 'answer_start': 490}
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In the U.S., a push for revisions of the FD&C Act emerged from Congressional hearings led by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee in 1959. The hearings covered a wide range of policy issues, including advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry. While momentum ...
When did this push occur?
{'text': '1959', 'answer_start': 132}
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There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City, including Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, a natural area which includes extensive riding trails, and Riverbank State Park, a 28-acre (110,000 m2) facility that rises 69 feet (21 m) over the Hudson River.
Riverbank State park's highest point is how high above the Hudson River?
{'text': '69 feet', 'answer_start': 236}
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The military effectiveness of bombing varied. The Luftwaffe dropped around 45,000 short tons (41,000 t) of bombs during the Blitz disrupting production and transport, reducing food supplies and shaking the British morale. It also helped to support the U-Boat blockade by sinking some 58,000 long tons (59,000 t) of shipp...
How long was the recovery of industrial cities from raids?
{'text': 'most took from 10–15 days', 'answer_start': 1176}
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Burrel's innovative design, which combined the low production cost of an Apple II with the computing power of Lisa's CPU, the Motorola 68K, received the attention of Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple. Realizing that the Macintosh was more marketable than the Lisa, he began to focus his attention on the project. Raskin le...
What caused Steve Jobs to resign from Apple in 1985?
{'text': 'an internal power struggle', 'answer_start': 1165}
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The site selected for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread, which was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre (16 ha) site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere. The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary...
Who provided the minority of the money needed to secure the site of the University of Kansas?
{'text': 'Amos Adams Lawrence', 'answer_start': 268}
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Interspecific crop diversity is, in part, responsible for offering variety in what we eat. Intraspecific diversity, the variety of alleles within a single species, also offers us choice in our diets. If a crop fails in a monoculture, we rely on agricultural diversity to replant the land with something new. If a wheat c...
When do we rely on production diversity to replant the land with something new?
{'text': 'If a crop fails in a monoculture', 'answer_start': 200}
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Brasília (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾaˈziljɐ]) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region. It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Brasília and its metro (encom...
What is the population of Brasilia's Federal District?
{'text': '2,556,149', 'answer_start': 383}
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Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...
What substances emit water vapor back to the atmosphere?
{'text': 'infrared absorbers', 'answer_start': 487}
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Kadamba (345 – 525 CE) was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, India that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district. At the peak of their power under King Kakushtavarma, the Kadambas of Banavasi ruled large parts of modern Karnataka state. The dynasty was founded by...
What ruler ruled at the peak of Kadamba power?
{'text': 'King Kakushtavarma', 'answer_start': 204}
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The Third Great Awakening refers to a hypothetical historical period that was marked by religious activism in American history and spans the late 1850s to the early 20th century. It affected pietistic Protestant denominations and had a strong element of social activism. It gathered strength from the postmillennial beli...
What other movement gained its force from the Third Great Awakening?
{'text': 'the worldwide missionary movement', 'answer_start': 556}
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The Richmond Times-Dispatch, the local daily newspaper in Richmond with a Sunday circulation of 120,000, is owned by BH Media, a subsidiary of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway company. Style Weekly is a standard weekly publication covering popular culture, arts, and entertainment, owned by Landmark Communications. R...
How many people buy the Richmond Times-Dispatch on Sunday?
{'text': '120,000', 'answer_start': 96}
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In Rajasthan, Jodhpur and Kota are two major educational hubs. Kota is known for its quality education in preparation of various competitive exams, coaching for medical and engineering exams while Jodhpur is home to many higher educational institutions like IIT, AIIMS, National Law University, Sardar Patel Police Unive...
What is is Kota known as within India?
{'text': 'coaching capital of India', 'answer_start': 433}
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Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. ...
How far back was the county populated
{'text': 'There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods', 'answer_start': 191}
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The convergence of these various sources into a uniform theory of groups started with Camille Jordan's Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques (1870). Walther von Dyck (1882) introduced the idea of specifying a group by means of generators and relations, and was also the first to give an axiomatic definit...
Who wrote the theory of Lie groups?
{'text': 'Hermann Weyl', 'answer_start': 719}
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At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler, Gutierrez obtained the vote, with P. J. Escalante for his deputy, and a council to guide the administration. Santa Anna ordered the reinstatement of Mendarozqueta as comandante general. Gutiérrez yielded, but Escalante refused to surrender office, de...
Who was his deputy?
{'text': 'P. J. Escalante', 'answer_start': 104}
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At the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220–280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu. Despite the removal of their court from Kuaiji to Jianye (present-day Nanjing), they continued development of the...
What kingdom did Sun Ce and Sun Quan eventually establish?
{'text': 'the Kingdom of Wu', 'answer_start': 188}
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While Brazil was fighting the US through the WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism against a heavily subsidized cotton industry, a group of four least-developed African countries – Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali – also known as "Cotton-4" have been the leading protagonist for the reduction of US cotton subsidies thro...
What was Brazil's argument against the US cotton industry?
{'text': 'heavily subsidized', 'answer_start': 90}
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Western commentators post-9/11 often perceive madaris as places of radical revivalism with a connotation of anti-Americanism and radical extremism, frequently associated in the Western press with Wahhabi attitudes toward non-Muslims. In Arabic the word madrasa simply means "school" and does not imply a political or rel...
What type of content is not delivered at madaris?
{'text': 'varied curricula', 'answer_start': 375}
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The trophy comes in three parts - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base. There have been two designs of trophy in use, but five physical trophies have been presented. The original trophy, known as the "little tin idol", was 18 inches high and made by Martin, Hall & Co. It was stolen in 1895 and never recovered, and so ...
Who designed the third replica?
{'text': 'Messers Fattorini and Sons', 'answer_start': 563}
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Distinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, organized and interwo...
Which mosque is believed to be the first with a dome?
{'text': 'Dome of the Rock mosque', 'answer_start': 522}
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The Federal Council constitutes the federal government, directs the federal administration and serves as collective Head of State. It is a collegial body of seven members, elected for a four-year mandate by the Federal Assembly which also exercises oversight over the Council. The President of the Confederation is elect...
What is the traditional term for the President of the Confederation?
{'text': 'one-year', 'answer_start': 405}
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In Paris' Roman era, its main cemetery was located to the outskirts of the Left Bank settlement, but this changed with the rise of Catholicism, where most every inner-city church had adjoining burial grounds for use by their parishes. With Paris' growth many of these, particularly the city's largest cemetery, les Innoc...
When were inner city burials banned?
{'text': '1786', 'answer_start': 452}
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The legions of the late Republic were, structurally, almost entirely heavy infantry. The legion's main sub-unit was called a cohort and consisted of approximately 480 infantrymen. The cohort was therefore a much larger unit than the earlier maniple sub-unit, and was divided into six centuries of 80 men each. Each centu...
Around how many units could be expected to be contained within a cohort?
{'text': '480 infantrymen', 'answer_start': 163}
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In 2007, RIBA called for minimum space standards in newly built British houses after research was published suggesting that British houses were falling behind other European countries. "The average new home sold to people today is significantly smaller than that built in the 1920s... We're way behind the rest of Europe...
When did the Royal Institute promote setting lower limits on the size of new homes in Britain?
{'text': '2007', 'answer_start': 3}
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The term "house music" is said to have originated from a Chicago club called The Warehouse, which existed from 1977 to 1983. Clubbers to The Warehouse were primarily black and gay, who came to dance to music played by the club's resident DJ Frankie Knuckles, whom fans refer to as the "godfather of house". After the War...
what club did the term 'house music' originate from?
{'text': 'The Warehouse', 'answer_start': 77}
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The structure known as "Virgil's tomb" is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel (also known as "grotta vecchia") in Piedigrotta, a district two miles from the centre of Naples, near the Mergellina harbor, on the road heading north along the coast to Pozzuoli. While Virgil was already the object of literary a...
What is the entrance of the ancient Roman tunnel where "Virgil's tomb" is located also called?
{'text': 'grotta vecchia', 'answer_start': 107}
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The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard comprise the four branches of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia. The Armenian military was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and with the establishment of the Ministry of Defence in 1992. The Commander-in-Chief of the military is ...
Who is in charge of the Ministry of Defence?
{'text': 'Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan', 'answer_start': 444}
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On February 29, 2012, Microsoft released Windows 8 Consumer Preview, the beta version of Windows 8, build 8250. Alongside other changes, the build removed the Start button from the taskbar for the first time since its debut on Windows 95; according to Windows manager Chaitanya Sareen, the Start button was removed to re...
Who isn't the Windows Manager?
{'text': 'Chaitanya Sareen', 'answer_start': 268}
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Uncompressed audio as stored on an audio-CD has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s, (16 bit/sample × 44100 samples/second × 2 channels / 1000 bits/kilobit), so the bitrates 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s represent compression ratios of approximately 11:1, 9:1 and 7:1 respectively.
What would a bit rate of 160 correspond to in terms of compression ratio?
{'text': '9:1', 'answer_start': 243}
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Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president. Former Foxwoods CEO Scott Butera was hired as his successor as commissioner.
Who became commissioner of the AFL after Jerry Kurz?
{'text': 'Scott Butera', 'answer_start': 128}
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New Haven is a predominantly Roman Catholic city, as the city's Dominican, Irish, Italian, Mexican, Ecuadorian, and Puerto Rican populations are overwhelmingly Catholic. The city is part of the Archdiocese of Hartford. Jews also make up a considerable portion of the population, as do Black Baptists. There is a growing ...
There are several religious group that have seem rise in demographics, one of which is popular among African Americans being?
{'text': 'Baptists', 'answer_start': 291}
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Matches are held within a wrestling ring, an elevated square canvas mat with posts on each corner. A cloth apron hangs over the edges of the ring. Three horizontal ropes or cables surround the ring, suspended with turnbuckles which are connected to the posts. For safety, the ropes are padded at the turnbuckles and cush...
What is around the ring?
{'text': 'Three horizontal ropes or cables surround the ring,', 'answer_start': 147}
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The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and T...
What was the Review of Politics inspired by?
{'text': 'German Catholic journals', 'answer_start': 68}