title stringlengths 2 79 | passage stringlengths 2.2k 39.3k | link stringlengths 32 109 |
|---|---|---|
Member states of the Arab League | Only two countries where Arabic is an official language remain outside of the League: Chad and Mali. In Malta, Eritrea, and South Sudan, although Arabic is not an official language, a dialect of the language is spoken by portions of the populations in these countries. Additionally, there are two other Arabic-speaking s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Arab_League |
Jewish exodus from the Muslim world | As in Tunisia and Morocco, Algerian Jews did not face large scale expulsion or outright asset confiscation or any similar government persecution during the period of exile, and Zionist agents were relatively allowed freedom of action to encourage emigration.
Jewish emigration from Algeria was part of a wider ending of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_the_Muslim_world |
Manama | The Safavids, sidelining Manama, designated the nearby town of Bilad Al Qadeem as the provincial capital. The town was also the seat of the Persian governor and the Shaikh al-Islam of the islands. The position of Shaikh al-Islam lay under the jurisdiction of the central Safavid government and as such, candidates were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manama |
History of Islamic economics | The waqf in Islamic law, which developed in the medieval Islamic world from the 7th to 9th centuries, bears a notable resemblance to the English trust law. Every waqf was required to have a waqif (founder), mutawillis (trustee), qadi (judge) and beneficiaries. Under both a waqf and a trust, "property is reserved, and i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics |
Mediterranean Sea | The present-day Atlantic gateway, the Strait of Gibraltar, originated in the early Pliocene via the Zanclean Flood. As mentioned, there were two earlier gateways: the Betic Corridor across southern Spain and the Rifian Corridor across northern Morocco. The Betic closed about 6 mya, causing the Messinian salinity crisis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea |
Afonso de Albuquerque | At this time, his political enemies at the Portuguese court were planning his downfall. They had lost no opportunity in stirring up the jealousy of King Manuel against him, insinuating that Afonso intended to usurp power in Portuguese India. While on his return voyage from Ormuz in the Persian Gulf, near the harbor of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque |
Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf | Taqī al-Dīn was born in Damascus in 1526 according to most sources. His ethnicity has been described as Ottoman Arab, Ottoman Kurdish, Ottoman Turkish and Ottoman Syrian. In his treatise, titled "Rayḥānat al-rūḥ", Taqī al-Dīn himself claimed descent from the Ayyubids tracing his lineage back to the Ayyubid prince Nasir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqi_ad-Din_Muhammad_ibn_Ma%27ruf |
Psamtik II | Psamtik II led a foray into Nubia in 592 BC, marching as far south as the Third or even the Fourth Cataract of the Nile, according to a contemporary stela from Thebes (Karnak), which dates to Year 3 of this king's name and refers to a heavy defeat that was inflicted upon the kingdom of Kush. A well-known graffito inscr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psamtik_II |
Gaza War (2008–2009) | During the conflict, life in much of southern Israel was largely paralyzed by more than 30 Hamas rocket and mortar strikes. The Israeli Home Front Command issued detailed emergency instructions to Israeli citizens for preparing for and dealing with rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip. The instructions included orders to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009) |
Terrorism and tourism in Egypt | The Egyptian tourism industry is one of the most important sectors of Egypt's economy, in terms of employment and foreign currency, and at times it has been as much as 1% of the world tourism market. The many constituents of tourism include historical attractions, especially in Cairo, Luxor and Aswan, but also beach a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_and_tourism_in_Egypt |
State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list) | North Korea was added in 1988, following the 1987 bombing of Korean Air Flight 858 near Myanmar and re-listed again in 2017. North Korea was initially added because it sold weapons to terrorist groups and gave asylum to Japanese Communist League-Red Army Faction members. The country is also responsible for the Rangoon ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list) |
Himyarite Kingdom | During the fourth century onwards after the Himyarite kingdom (or at least its ruling class) converted to Judaism, or a Jewish-inflected monotheism, references to pagan gods disappeared from royal inscriptions and texts on public buildings, and were replaced by references to a single deity in official texts. Inscriptio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyarite_Kingdom |
Muammar Gaddafi | Gaddafi rejected the secularist approach to Arab nationalism that had been pervasive in Syria, with his revolutionary movement placing a far stronger emphasis on Islam than previous Arab nationalist movements had done. He deemed Arabism and Islam to be inseparable, referring to them as "one and indivisible", and called... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi |
Arabs in Germany | Hamed Abdel-Samad, political scientist and author of Egyptian origin
Khalid al-Maaly, Arab writer and publisher of Iraqi origin
Tarek Al-Wazir, politician of Yemeni origin
Hans Hauck, son of Algerian soldier
Lamya Kaddor, scholar of Islamic studies and writer of Syrian origin
Adel Karasholi, writer of Syrian origin
Sou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs_in_Germany |
Toyota War | Habré selected as the first target for his reconquest of northern Chad the well-fortified Libyan communications base of Fada. It was defended by 2,000 Libyans and the bulk of the Democratic Revolutionary Council (CDR) militia (Gaddafi's closest Chadian allies), well-provided with armour and artillery. Hassan Djamous, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_War |
Spanish protectorate in Morocco | The administrative regime of the Protectorate is derived from the concept of protectorate itself, with a formal duality of authorities. On the one hand, there is a Moroccan administration, headed by a Khalifa (Spanish: Jalifa), who exercised, by delegation of the Sultan, all his powers, mainly the legislative, which he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_protectorate_in_Morocco |
Islam and Jainism | As bankers and financiers, the Jains had significant impact on Muslim rulers, but they rarely were able to enter into a political discourse which was framed in Islamic categories.
Some Jain customs and characters that influenced the Mughal court of Akbar have been documented. Akbar honored Hiravijaya, the leader of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_Jainism |
Khosrow II | Khosrow II, like all other Sasanian rulers, was an adherent of Zoroastrianism. Since the 5th-century, the Sasanian monarchs had been made aware of the significance of the religious minorities in the realm, and as a result tried to homogenize them into a structure of administration where according to legal principles, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khosrow_II |
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist | Some of the criticism of Wilayat al-Faqih that they reply to, include:
that there is no straightforward statement in scripture that faqih clerics should rule over the people.
Those concerned over whether Islam supports the concept of wilayat al-faqih, should note that (according to Mesbah Yazdi), the "overwhelmingly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist |
Iraqi Turkmen | The Kurds claimed de facto sovereignty over land that Iraqi Turkmen regard as theirs. For the Iraqi Turkmen, their identity is deeply inculcated as the rightful inheritors of the region as a legacy of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, it is claimed that the Kurdistan Region and Iraqi government has constituted a threat to the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen |
University of al-Qarawiyyin | At the time Morocco became a French protectorate in 1912, al-Qarawiyyin worsened as a religious center of learning from its medieval prime, though it retained some significance as an educational venue for the sultan's administration. The student body was rigidly divided along social strata: ethnicity (Arab or Berber), ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_al-Qarawiyyin |
Capital punishment | Elaborations of tribal arbitration of feuds included peace settlements often done in a religious context and compensation system. Compensation was based on the principle of substitution which might include material (for example, cattle, slaves, land) compensation, exchange of brides or grooms, or payment of the blood d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment |
Ahmad Faris al-Shidyaq | Around 1820, Assaad Shidyaq encountered Jonas King, a Protestant missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; eventually Assaad became Protestant. He was excommunicated under the automatic excommunication edict issued by the Maronite Patriarch Youssef Hobaish (1823–1845), who sought to preven... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Faris_al-Shidyaq |
Politics of the Comoros | Sultanates in the late nineteenth century used a cyclic age system and hierarchical lineage membership to provide the foundation for participation in the political process. In the capital, "the sultan was assisted by his ministers and by a madjelis, an advisory council composed of elders, whom he consulted regularly". ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_Comoros |
South Khorasan province | Greater Khorasan has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties and governments in its territory throughout history. Various tribes of the Arabs, Turks, Kurds and Turkemen brought changes to the region time and time again.
, Mongols
Ancient geographers of Iran divided Iran ("Iran-Shahr") into eight segments of which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Khorasan_province |
Aramaic | It is generally believed by Christian scholars that in the first century, Jews in Judea primarily spoke Aramaic with a decreasing number using Hebrew as their first language, though many learned Hebrew as a liturgical language. Additionally, Koine Greek was the lingua franca of the Near East in trade, among the Helleni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic |
Middle East Media Research Institute | Several critics have accused MEMRI of selectivity. Juan Cole, a professor of Modern Middle East History at the University of Michigan, argues MEMRI has a tendency to "cleverly cherry-pick the vast Arabic press, which serves 300 million people, for the most extreme and objectionable articles and editorials... On more th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Media_Research_Institute |
Mu'awiya I | After Muhammad died in 632, Abu Bakr became caliph (leader of the Muslim community). He and his successors Umar, Uthman, and Ali are often known as the Rashidun ('rightly-guided') caliphs to distinguish them from Mu'awiya and his Umayyad dynastic successors. Having to contend with challenges to his leadership from the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I |
Seleucid Empire | As a hegemonic empire, the state's primary focus was maintaining its sizable army via wealth extraction from three major sources: tribute from autonomous poleis and temples, and proportional land-tax from royal land. The definition of "royal land" remains contested. While all agree poleis do not constitute royal land, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid_Empire |
Rhind Mathematical Papyrus | Problems 41–46 show how to find the volume of both cylindrical and rectangular granaries. In problem 41 Ahmes computes the volume of a cylindrical granary. Given the diameter d and the height h, the volume V is given by:
V
=
[
(
1
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus |
History of medicine | Humors
The theory of humors was derived from ancient medical works, dominated Western medicine until the 19th century, and is credited to Greek philosopher and surgeon Galen of Pergamon (129–c. 216 CE). In Greek medicine, there are thought to be four humors, or bodily fluids that are linked to illness: blood, phlegm, y... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine |
Baruch Spinoza | Spinoza sets forth a vision of Being, illuminated by his awareness of God. They may seem strange at first sight. To the question "What is?" he replies: "Substance, its attributes, and modes".
Following Maimonides, Spinoza defined substance as "that which is in itself and is conceived through itself", meaning that it ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza |
Kuwait University | The university has 16 colleges housing academic departments in addition to the College of Graduate Studies which oversees the graduate programs. The colleges and departments are as follows:
Architecture
Department of Architecture
Department of Visual Communication and Interiors
Arts
Department of Arabic Language and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_University |
Failed state | Pritchett, Woolcock, and Andrews (2013) analyzed the systematic failure of the development of failed states. They defined "state administrative capability for implementation" as the key aspect of state development, and found out the mechanism in which failed states stumbled regardless of decades of development practice... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state |
Muqattaʿat | Sufism has a tradition of attributing mystical significance to the letters.
The details differ between schools of Sufism; Sufi tradition generally regards the letters as an extension to the ninety-nine names of God, with some authors offering specific "hidden" meanings for the individual letters.
In 1857–58, Baháʼu'll... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muqatta%CA%BFat |
Ancient Egyptian deities | The beings in ancient Egyptian tradition who might be labeled as deities are difficult to count. Egyptian texts list the names of many deities whose nature is unknown, and make vague, indirect references to other gods who are not even named. The Egyptologist James P. Allen estimates that more than 1,400 deities are nam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities |
Middle Kingdom of Egypt | In the first half of the Twelfth Dynasty, proportions of the human figure returned to the traditional Memphite style of the Fifth and early Sixth Dynasties. Male figures had broad shoulders, a low small of the back, and thick muscular limbs. Females had slender figures, a higher small of the back and no musculature. In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt |
Free Syrian Army | The first defections from the Syrian Army during the Syrian uprising may have occurred at the end of April 2011 when the army was sent into Daraa to quell ongoing protests. There were reports that some units refused to fire on protesters and had split from the army.
Defections, according to unverified reports, continue... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army |
Manichaeism | In the east it spread along trade routes as far as Chang'an, the capital of Tang China.
After the Tang dynasty, some Manichaean groups participated in peasant movements. The religion was used by many rebel leaders to mobilise followers. In Song and Yuan China, remnants of Manichaeism continued to leave a legacy contrib... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaeism |
Ameen Rihani | Ameen Rihani was born on November 24, 1876, in Freike, in the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, Rihani was one of six children and the oldest son of a Lebanese Maronite raw silk manufacturer, Fares Rihani. In 1888, his father sent his brother and Ameen to New York City; he followed them a year later. Ameen, then eleven year... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameen_Rihani |
Bachir Gemayel | Despite its increasing success in its battles against the PLO and the Syrian troops two factors led to the eventual demise of the Lebanese Front.
Following the killing of many Phalangist members, in addition to a senior Phalangist by members of the Marada Brigade militia, which was led by a fellow member of the Lebanes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachir_Gemayel |
New York University | As of 2020, multiple heads of state, royalty, one U.S. Supreme Court justice, five U.S. governors, 17 billionaires, 38 Nobel Laureates, 8 Turing Award winners, 5 Fields Medalists, 31 MacArthur Fellows, 167 Guggenheim Fellows, three astronauts, seven Abel Prize winners, seven Lasker Award winners, a Crafoord Prize winn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University |
Assyrian people | The Assyrian homeland includes the ancient cities of Nineveh (Mosul), Nuhadra (Dohuk), Arrapha/Beth Garmai (Kirkuk), Al Qosh, Tesqopa and Arbela (Erbil) in Iraq, Urmia in Iran, and Hakkari (a large region which comprises the modern towns of Yüksekova, Hakkâri, Çukurca, Şemdinli and Uludere), Edessa/Urhoy (Urfa), Harran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_people |
Mass media in Somalia | Historically the first newspapers in Somalia were printed in Italian Mogadishu in the 1930s, like the "Il Littoriale". After World War II was started the newspaper "Corriere della Somalia" in Italian & English, that was the main newspaper in Somalia even during the Italian Trust Territory of Somaliland when was printed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media_in_Somalia |
Armistice of Mudros | World War I took a chaotic turn in 1918 for the Ottoman Empire. With Yudenich's Russian Caucasus Army deserting after the collapse of the Russian Empire, the Ottomans regained ground in Armenia and even pushed into formerly Russian-controlled Caucasus with, at first, Vehip Pasha's Ottoman 3rd Army and, later beginning ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros |
Dromedary | Camels have a slow growth rate and reach sexual maturity slower than sheep or goat. The age of sexual maturity varies geographically and depends on the individual, as does the reproductive period. Both sexes might mature by three to five years of age, though successful breeding could take longer. Camels are described a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromedary |
Law | A corollary of the rule of law is the existence of a legal profession sufficiently autonomous to invoke the authority of the independent judiciary; the right to assistance of a barrister in a court proceeding emanates from this corollary—in England the function of barrister or advocate is distinguished from legal couns... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law |
Kassite dynasty | The dominant economic institutions in Babylon continued to be the "great bodies," the palaces and temples. But except for the case of the lands of the governor of Nippur, there is little documentation about these institutions. One of the rare aspects of the economic organization of the Kassidic period on which there is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassite_dynasty |
Oromo people | Historical linguistics and comparative ethnology studies suggest that the Oromo people probably originated around the lakes Lake Chew Bahir and Lake Chamo. They are a Cushitic people and prior to their expansions, they inhabited only the region of what is now modern-day north Kenya and southern Ethiopia. The aftermath ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oromo_people |
COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan | On 8 April, 5 additional cases have been confirmed, most of which were for people who were in close contact with infected people, bringing the total of the cases to 358, 12 new recoveries were confirmed on the same day with a total of 150 recoveries to date.
On 9 April, 14 additional case have been confirmed, including... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan |
History of mathematical notation | To every ω-consistent recursive class κ of formulae there correspond recursive class signs r, such that neither v Gen r nor Neg (v Gen r) belongs to Flg (κ) (where v is the free variable of r).
While proving his incompleteness theorems, Kurt Gödel created an alternative to the symbols normally used in logic. He used G... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematical_notation |
Jewish philosophy | "Saadia Gaon, son of a proselyte, is considered the greatest early Jewish philosopher after Solomon. During his early years in Tulunid Egypt, the Fatimid Caliphate ruled Egypt; the leaders of the Tulunids were Ismaili Imams. Their influence upon the Jewish academies of Egypt resonate in the works of Sa'adya. Sa'adya'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_philosophy |
Meknes | Volubilis, a major Roman-era settlement in Morocco and one of its early urban centres, is located near the site of the current city of Meknes. The current city and its name, however, originate with a Berber tribe called the Miknasa who settled this region around the 10th century. A group of small unfortified Miknasa vi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meknes |
Qatar | By the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913, the Ottomans agreed to renounce their claim to Qatar and withdraw their garrison from Doha. However, with the outbreak of World War I, nothing was done to carry this out, and the garrison remained in the fort at Doha, although its numbers dwindled as men deserted. In 1915, with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar |
History of medicine | Ancient Egypt, a civilisation spanning across the river Nile (throughout parts of present-day Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan), existed from its unification in c. 3150 BCE to its collapse via Persian conquest in 525 BCE and ultimate downfall from the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 BCE.
Throughout unique dynasties... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine |
Ash'arism | Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī was born in Basra, Iraq, and was a descendant of Abū Mūsa al-Ashʿarī, which belonged to the first generation of Muhammad's closest companions (ṣaḥāba). As a young man he studied under al-Jubba'i, a renowned teacher of Muʿtazilite theology and philosophy. He was noted for his teachings on atomism... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%27arism |
Islamic terrorism | In the 1990s Belgium was a transit country for Islamist terrorist groups like the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA) and the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM).
Belgium has a population of 11 million including large numbers of immigrants from Muslim countries. 100,000 Moroccan citizens live in Belgium, often des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_terrorism |
Babylon | According to a Babylonian king list, Amorite rule in Babylon began (c. 19th or 18th century BC) with a chieftain named Sumu-abum, who declared independence from the neighboring city-state of Kazallu. Sumu-la-El, whose dates may be concurrent with those of Sumu-abum, is usually given as the progenitor of the First Babyl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylon |
Chickpea | Agricultural yield for chickpeas is often based on genetic and phenotypic variability, which has recently been influenced by artificial selection. The uptake of macronutrients such as inorganic phosphorus or nitrogen is vital to the plant development of Cicer arietinum, commonly known as the perennial chickpea. Heat cu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickpea |
Uday Hussein | Uday was known for forcing guests to drink large quantities of alcohol at his parties. According to a friend, whoever earned Uday's friendship had to drink a cocktail named the "Uday Saddam Hussein", a mixture of whiskey, brandy, vodka, cognac, and beer. The cocktail was served in a large "cup of friendship", and the n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uday_Hussein |
Middle Ages | The average annual temperature began declining c. 1200, gradually introducing the Little Ice Age. Climate anomalies caused agricultural crises, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–1317. Starving peasants slaughtered their draft animals, and survivors had to make extraordinary efforts to revive farming. This was fol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages |
Regalia of the Pharaoh | The Pharaoh shared with the major deities the privilege of wearing crowns. These sacred headdresses were many and varied, and some were complex compositions combining horns, high feathers and uraeus (hemhem, atef, wereret, henu crowns, etc.). The three royal crowns were the most sober. The white crown was shaped like a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regalia_of_the_Pharaoh |
Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan | A force under Colonel Parsons was sent from Kassala to Al Qadarif which was retaken from Mahdist forces on 22 September. A flotilla of two boats under General Hunter was sent up the Blue Nile on 19 September to plant flags and establish garrisons wherever seemed expedient. They planted the Egyptian and British flags at... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_conquest_of_Sudan |
Mary in Islam | According to the Quran, Mary was chosen twice by the Lord: "O Mary, indeed Allāh has chosen you and purified you and chosen you above the women of the worlds" (3:42); and the first choosing was her selection with glad tidings given to Imran. The second was that she became pregnant without a man, so in this regard, she ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_in_Islam |
Maize | Maize is a tall annual grass with a single stem, ranging in height from 1.2 m (4 ft) to 4 m (13 ft). The long narrow leaves arise from the nodes or joints, alternately on opposite sides on the stalk. Maize is monoecious, with separate male and female flowers on the same plant. At the top of the stem is the tassel, an i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize |
Bengal Sultanate | The economy of the Bengal Sultanate inherited earlier aspects of the Delhi Sultanate, including mint towns, a salaried bureaucracy and the jagirdar system of land ownership. The production of silver coins inscribed with the name of the Sultan of Bengal was a mark of Bengali sovereignty. Bengal was more successful in pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate |
Women in ancient Egypt | In many of ancient Egypt's artistic approaches, we see women supporting or clasping their husband, maybe even protecting them. So in some sense, the woman could be the protector, probably associated with the concept of protective goddesses. Women mingled in society, we see evidence of that where peasant women were depi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_ancient_Egypt |
North Yemen civil war | Nasser had looked to a regime change in Yemen since 1957 and finally put his desires into practice in January 1962 by giving the Free Yemen Movement office space, financial support, and radio airtime. Anthony Nutting's biography of Nasser identifies several factors that led the Egyptian President to send expeditionary... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Yemen_civil_war |
Zellij | In the 16th century most of North Africa came under Ottoman rule. In Algeria, the indigenous zellij style was mostly supplanted by small square tiles imported from Europe – especially from Italy, Spain, and Delft – and sometimes from Tunis. Some examples of more traditional mosaic tiles found in this late period may ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zellij |
Islamic State | According to The New York Times, "All of the most influential jihadist theorists are criticising the Islamic State as deviant, calling its self-proclaimed caliphate null and void" and they have denounced it for its beheadings of journalists and aid workers. ISIL is widely denounced by a broad range of Islamic clerics, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State |
French Algeria | Even before the decision was made to annex Algeria, major changes had taken place. In a bargain-hunting frenzy to take over or buy at low prices all manner of property—homes, shops, farms and factories—Europeans poured into Algiers after it fell. French authorities took possession of the beylik lands, from which Ottoma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Algeria |
Classical Ottoman architecture | After designing the Süleymaniye complex, Sinan appears to have focused on experimenting with the single-domed space. In the 1550s and 1560s he experimented with an "octagonal baldaquin" design for the main dome, in which the dome rests on an octagonal drum supported by a system of eight pillars or buttresses. This can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Ottoman_architecture |
Zand dynasty | According to the Italian scholar Alessandro Bausani: "The eighteenth century, which in Europe (and partly also in India, for example) was a ferment of renewal, is the darkest and most sterile period in Persian literature and culture." Scholars of Persian literature have also made a similar conclusion. John Perry commen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zand_dynasty |
Senusiyya | Azmzade Sadik El Mueyyed, Journey in the Grand Sahara of Africa (1897), republished in Azmzade, Gokkent, Senusi et al. in Journey in the Grand Sahara of Africa and Through Time (2021)
E. E. Evans-Pritchard, The Sanusi of Cyrenaica (1949, repr. 1963)
N. A. Ziadeh, Sanusiyah (1958, repr. 1983).
Bianci, Steven, ''Libya: C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senusiyya |
Islamism | By the late 1960s, non-Soviet Muslim-majority countries had won their independence and they tended to fall into one of the two cold-war blocs – with "Nasser's Egypt, Baathist Syria and Iraq, Muammar el-Qaddafi's Libya, Algeria under Ahmed Ben Bella and Houari Boumedienne, Southern Yemen, and Sukarno's Indonesia" aligne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism |
Assyria | Because the Assyrians never imposed their language on foreign peoples whose lands they conquered outside of the Assyrian heartland, there were no mechanisms in place to stop the spread of languages other than Akkadian. Beginning with the migrations of Arameans into Assyrian territory during the Middle Assyrian period, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyria |
Mediterranean Sea | The Western Roman Empire collapsed around 476 AD. The east was again dominant as Roman power lived on in the Byzantine Empire formed in the 4th century from the eastern half of the Roman Empire. Though the Eastern Roman Empire would continue to hold almost all of the Mediterranean, another power arose in the 7th centur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea |
Rabaa massacre | During the dispersal, journalists covering the event were trapped. Four of them were killed, while others were injured. Some were detained. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, it was the deadliest day for journalists in Egypt since the organization began keeping records in 1992. Veteran Sky News camera o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabaa_massacre |
Balfour Declaration | In late 1915 the British High Commissioner to Egypt, Henry McMahon, exchanged ten letters with Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, in which he promised Hussein to recognize Arab independence "in the limits and boundaries proposed by the Sherif of Mecca" in return for Hussein launching a revolt against the Ottoman Empire.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Declaration |
Dhofar War | One step which had a major impact on the uprising was the announcement of an amnesty for surrendered fighters, and aid in defending their communities from rebels. A cash incentive was offered to rebels who changed sides, with a bonus if they brought their weapon. Following the split between the PFLOAG and DLF wings of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhofar_War |
Abbasid Caliphate | Under Harun, maritime trade through the Persian Gulf thrived, with Arab vessels trading as far south as Madagascar and as far east as China, Korea, and Japan. The growing economy of Baghdad and other cities inevitably led to the demand for luxury items and formed a class of entrepreneurs who organized long-range carava... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate |
Barbary pirates | Piracy was enough of a problem that some states entered into the redemption business. In Denmark:
At the beginning of the 18th century money was collected systematically in all churches, and a so called 'slave fund' (slavekasse) was established by the state in 1715. Funds were brought in through a compulsory insuranc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_pirates |
Ayyubid dynasty | Military architecture was the supreme expression of the Ayyubid period, as well as an eagerness to fortify the restoration of Sunni Islam, especially in a previously Shia-dominated Egypt by constructing Sunni madrasas. The most radical change Saladin implemented in Egypt was the enclosure of Cairo and al-Fustat within ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty |
1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine | In the contest of wills between the British Empire and Palestinian aspirants for statehood, the respective efforts to secure the financial means to sustain the hostilities also played out as a battle for funding. The Mandatory Authority's repression of the revolt was bankrolled directly from London and through the rev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine |
Ariel Sharon | Sharon's unit of the Haganah became engaged in serious and continuous combat from the autumn of 1947, with the onset of the Battle for Jerusalem. Without the manpower to hold the roads, his unit took to making offensive hit-and-run raids on Arab forces in the vicinity of Kfar Malal. In units of thirty men, they would h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_Sharon |
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani | Qatar called for a military intervention by Arab countries to end the bloodshed in Syria in 2012. Analysts expected that he would have been under immediate pressure to reduce Qatar's support for the rebels in the Syrian Civil War, which Tamim had previously supported. In fact, Sheikh Tamim took a step back after taking... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani |
Tawhid | An ontological argument for the existence of God was first proposed by Avicenna (965–1037) in the Metaphysics section of The Book of Healing. Other forms of the argument also appear in Avicenna's other works, and this argument became known as the Proof of the Truthful. Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawhid |
Toyota War | In August 1987, the encouraged Chadians carried their offensive into the disputed Aouzou Strip, occupying the town of Aouzou following another battle in which the Libyans suffered severe losses in troops and abandoned equipment. In retaliation, Libya intensified its air bombardments of towns in the north, usually from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_War |
Medicine in the medieval Islamic world | While the belief that carrying children and childbirth was very important and healing part of the Islamic culture, many medical scholars also recognize the importance of family planning, primarily through contraceptives and abortion. The use of contraceptives and abortion as opposed to abstinence was preferred due to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world |
Turban | The Sikh turban, known mainly as the Dastar but also the Dumalla, is used to show others that they represent the embodiment of Sikh teachings, the love of the Guru and dogma to do good deeds. The Gurus ensured that both men and women are able to wear a turban, which shows another action of equality. Other Purposes of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turban |
Islam in Vietnam | Islam has played a key role in the lives of the Muslim Chams of the Mekong Delta, not only as a religion, but also as a source of origin, a vital unifier in their self-identification as Chams. While some Chams agree with scholarly views of their ancient origins from the kingdom of Champa, many deny such ancestry and in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Vietnam |
Qatar | The Qatar Armed Forces consist of 12,000 personnel in the Qatari Emiri Land Forces, 2,500 in the Navy, 2,000 in the Air Force, and 5,000 in the Internal Security Forces. In 2008 Qatar spent US$2.3 billion on its military, which was 2.3% of the GDP, and its military spending increased to US$7.49 billion as of 2022. Afte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar |
Nelson Mandela | After taking part in the unsuccessful protest to prevent the forced relocation of all black people from the Sophiatown suburb of Johannesburg in February 1955, Mandela concluded that violent action would prove necessary to end apartheid and white minority rule. On his advice, Sisulu requested weaponry from the People's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela |
Sharia | The main Sunni schools of law (madhhabs) are the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs. They emerged in the ninth and tenth centuries and by the twelfth century almost all jurists aligned themselves with a particular madhhab. These four schools recognize each other's validity and they have interacted in legal de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia |
Abd al-Rahman I | Upon landing in Torrox, al-Andalus, Abd al-Rahman was greeted by clients Abu Uthman and Ibn Khalid and an escort of 300 cavalry. During his brief time in Málaga, he was able to amass local support quickly. Waves of people made their way to Málaga to pay respect to the prince they thought was dead, including many of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_I |
Fezzan | From the 5th century BCE to the 5th century CE, Fezzan was home to the Garamantes, who operated the Trans-Saharan trade routes successively between Carthage and the Roman Empire in North Africa and Sahelian states of west and central Africa.
The Roman generals Septimus Flaccus in 19 BCE and Suetonius Paulinus in 50 CE... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fezzan |
The Three Apples | A fisherman discovers a heavy locked chest along the Tigris river. He sells it to the Abbasid Caliph, Harun al-Rashid, who then has the chest broken open only to find inside it the dead body of a young woman who was cut into pieces. Harun orders his vizier, Ja'far ibn Yahya, to solve the crime and find the murderer wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Apples |
Ibn Battuta | After his third pilgrimage to Mecca, Ibn Battuta decided to seek employment with the Sultan of Delhi, Muhammad bin Tughluq. In the autumn of 1330 (or 1332), he set off for the Seljuk controlled territory of Anatolia to take an overland route to India. He crossed the Red Sea and the Eastern Desert to reach the Nile vall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta |
Placeholder name | In ancient Roman law, the names Aulus Agerius and Numerius Negidius were used to represent the plaintiff and the defendant. The names were both wordplays, respectively meaning "[I] set in motion" and "[I] refuse to pay". The model instruction to judges for civil suits began with si paret Numerium Negidium Aulo Agerio s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placeholder_name |
Faisal I of Iraq | During his reign as King, Faisal encouraged pan-Arab nationalism that envisioned ultimately bringing the French mandates of Syria and Lebanon together with the British mandate of Palestine under his rule. Faisal was keenly aware that his power-base was with the Sunni Muslim Arabs of Iraq, who comprised a significant mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.