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Asia | The Abrahamic religions including Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Druze faith, and Baháʼí Faith originated in West Asia.
Judaism, the oldest of the Abrahamic faiths, is practiced primarily in Israel, the indigenous homeland and historical birthplace of the Hebrew nation: which today consists both of those Jews who remain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia |
Navvab Safavi | Born in Ghaniabad, south of Tehran into a well-known religious family on 9 October 1924, he received his primary education in Tehran and left school after eighth grade when his father died. His father, Seyyed Javad Mir-Lohi, was a cleric who was put in jail many years for having slapped Reza Shah's minister of justice,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navvab_Safavi |
Isma'ilism | After the imprisonment of Nizar by his younger brother Ahmad al Mustaali, various sources indicate that Nizar's son Ali Al-Hadi ibn Nizari survived and fled to Alamut. He was offered a safe place in Alamut, where Hassan-Al-Sabbah welcomed him. However, it is believed this was not announced to the public and the lineage... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isma%27ilism |
Gamal Abdel Nasser | Nasser's regional position changed unexpectedly when Yemeni officers led by Nasser supporter Abdullah al-Sallal overthrew Imam Badr of North Yemen on 27 September 1962. Al-Badr and his tribal partisans began receiving increasing support from Saudi Arabia to help reinstate the kingdom, while Nasser subsequently accepted... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser |
Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world | The study of algebra, the name of which is derived from the Arabic word meaning completion or "reunion of broken parts", flourished during the Islamic golden age. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, a Persian scholar in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad was the founder of algebra, is along with the Greek mathematician Diophan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world |
Bronze Age | In Great Britain, the Bronze Age is considered to have been the period from around 2100 to 750 BC. Migration brought new people to the islands from the continent. Tooth enamel isotope research on bodies found in early Bronze Age graves around Stonehenge indicates that at least some of the migrants came from the area of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age |
Yemeni Armed Forces | During the revolution of 2011, large crowds of Houthis participated in the protests. When the armed uprising started, the Houthis used this as a chance to take over northern Yemen. When Ali Abdullah Saleh was replaced by Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi as president, Hadi was to take over as president for two years. The Houthis ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Armed_Forces |
Languages of Algeria | According to Canadian ethnolinguist Jacques Leclerc (*1943), 72% of Algerians in 2008 spoke Arabic: 60% spoke Algerian Arabic (83% of Arabic speakers); 11.3% of Arabic speakers spoke Hassaniyya; 0.4% spoke Moroccan Arabic; 0.1% spoke Saharan Arabic; a smaller number spoke Egyptian Arabic or Iraqi Arabic. Non-native spe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Algeria |
Islam in South Asia | Islamic influence first came to be felt in the Indian subcontinent during the early 7th century with the advent of Arab traders. Arab traders used to visit the Malabar region to trade even before Islam had been established in Arabia. Unlike the coasts of Malabar, the northwestern coasts were not as receptive to the Mid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_South_Asia |
Ancient Egyptian deities | Egyptian writings describe the gods' bodies in detail. They are made of precious materials; their flesh is gold, their bones are silver, and their hair is lapis lazuli. They give off a scent that the Egyptians likened to the incense used in rituals. Some texts give precise descriptions of particular deities, including ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities |
Apostasy in Islam by country | According to the 2011 census, there were about 172 million Muslims living in India, accounting for approximately 14.2% of the total population. According to a 2021 Pew research report, 12% of Indian Muslims' belief in God is of less certainty, where as 6% of Indian Muslims are not likely to believe in God. In the early... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country |
Salafi jihadism | In the words of Madawi al Rasheed, Salafi jihadism is
a hybrid construction deeply rooted in the last three decades of the twentieth century that is desperate to anchor itself in an authentic Islamic tradition, yet reflecting serious borrowing from the discourse of Western modernity
According to Madawi Al Rasheed, ide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_jihadism |
Tanis | Though Tanis was briefly explored in the early 19th century, the first large-scale archaeological excavations there were made by Auguste Mariette in the 1860s. In 1866, Karl Richard Lepsius discovered a copy of the Canopus Decree, an inscription in both Greek and Egyptian, at Tanis. Unlike the Rosetta Stone, discovered... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanis |
Women in Islam | Patterns of women's employment vary throughout the Muslim world: as of 2005, 16% of Pakistani women were "economically active" (either employed, or unemployed but available to furnish labor), whereas 52% of Indonesian women were. According to a 2012 World Economic Forum report and other recent reports, Islamic nations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Islam |
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom | Before the Greek conquest, the armies of Bactria were overwhelmingly composed of cavalry and were well known as effective soldiers, making up large portions of the Achaemenid cavalry contingents. 2,000 Bactrian horsemen fought at the Granicus against Alexander and 9,000 at the Battle of Gaugamela on the left flank of D... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom |
House of Saud | Due to its authoritarian and quasi-theocratic rule, the House of Saud has attracted much criticism during its rule of Saudi Arabia. There have been numerous incidents, including the Wahhabi Ikhwan militia uprising during the reign of Ibn Saud. Osama Bin Laden, a critic of the US, was also a critic of Saudi Arabia and w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Saud |
Justinian I | Barker, John W. (1966). Justinian and the Later Roman Empire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0299039448.
Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
Bury, J. B. (1958). History of the later... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I |
Yemen | Muhammad sent his cousin Ali to Sana'a and its surroundings around 630. At the time, Yemen was the most advanced region in Arabia. The Banu Hamdan confederation was among the first to accept Islam. Muhammad sent Muadh ibn Jabal, as well to Al-Janad, in present-day Taiz, and dispatched letters to various tribal leaders.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen |
List of Ahmadiyya buildings and structures | The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community established itself here in 1920. Website:www.ahmadiyya.us
The first mosque in the nation's capital was established as the American Fazl Mosque. It served as the Headquarters of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community from 1950 to 1994.
Headquarters since 1994 is Baitur Rehman Mosque, Silver Spring... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ahmadiyya_buildings_and_structures |
Quran | The word qur'ān appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a verbal noun (maṣdar) of the Arabic verb qara'a (قرأ) meaning 'he read' or 'he recited'. The Syriac equivalent is qeryānā (ܩܪܝܢܐ), which refers to 'scripture reading' or 'lesson'. While some Western scholars consider the word... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran |
Islamic philosophy | The Muslim physician-philosophers, Avicenna and Ibn al-Nafis, developed their own theories on the soul. They both made a distinction between the soul and the spirit, and in particular, the Avicennian doctrine on the nature of the soul was influential among the Scholastics. Some of Avicenna's views on the soul included ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_philosophy |
Houthi movement | The United Nations Human Rights Council published a report covering the period July 2019 to June 2020, which contained evidence of the Houthis' recruitment of boys as young as seven years old and the recruitment of 34 girls aged between 13 and 17 years of age, to act as spies, recruiters of other children, guards, medi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_movement |
2011 Bahraini uprising | In 2011, the government of the United Kingdom approved the sale of military equipment valued at more than £1m to Bahrain, following the violent crackdown on demonstrators. This included licenses for gun silencers, weapons sights, rifles, artillery and components for military training aircraft; at least some of the equi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising |
Jami' al-tawarikh | The Edinburgh part has a page size of 41.5 × 34.2 cm, with a written area of 37 × 25 cm, and contains 35 lines per page written in Naskhi calligraphy. There are some omissions: folios 1, 2, 70 to 170, and the end; and it is dated to 1306–1307, in a later inscription, which is nonetheless accepted. The text comprises f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami%27_al-tawarikh |
Babylonia | The Elamites did not remain in control of Babylonia long, instead entering into an ultimately unsuccessful war with Assyria, allowing Marduk-kabit-ahheshu (1155–1139 BC) to establish the Dynasty IV of Babylon, from Isin, with the first native Akkadian-speaking south Mesopotamian dynasty to rule Babylonia, with Marduk-k... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia |
Hellenistic period | In some fields Hellenistic culture thrived, particularly in its preservation of the past. The states of the Hellenistic period were deeply fixated with the past and its seemingly lost glories. The preservation of many classical and archaic works of art and literature (including the works of the three great classical tr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_period |
Caravanserai | Caravanserais were a common feature not only along the Silk Road, but also along the Achaemenid Empire's Royal Road, a 2,500-kilometre-long (1,600 mi) ancient highway that stretched from Sardis to Susa according to Herodotus: "Now the true account of the road in question is the following: Royal stations exist along its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravanserai |
Inanna | This version had two manuscripts found in the Library of Ashurbanipal and a third was found in Asshur, all dating from the first half of the first millennium before the common era. Of the Ninevite version, the first cuneiform version was published in 1873 by François Lenormant, and the transliterated version was publis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inanna |
Tehran | With its cosmopolitan atmosphere, Tehran is home to diverse ethnic and linguistic groups from all over the country. The present-day dominant language of Tehran is the Tehrani variety of the Persian language, and the majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. However, before, the native language of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran |
Lebanon | In ancient times, Lebanon was covered by large forests of cedar trees, the national emblem of the country. Millennia of deforestation have altered the hydrology in Mount Lebanon and changed the regional climate adversely. As of 2012, forests covered 13.4% of the Lebanese land area; they are under constant threat from w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon |
Turkish language | After the foundation of the modern state of Turkey and the script reform, the Turkish Language Association (TDK) was established in 1932 under the patronage of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, with the aim of conducting research on Turkish. One of the tasks of the newly established association was to initiate a language reform t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language |
Egyptian fraction | Although Egyptian fractions are no longer used in most practical applications of mathematics, modern number theorists have continued to study many different problems related to them. These include problems of bounding the length or maximum denominator in Egyptian fraction representations, finding expansions of certain ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_fraction |
List of Muslim states and dynasties | Iran
Paduspanid (665–1598)
Dulafid dynasty (800–898, Jibal)
Justanids (805–1004)
Samanid Empire (819–999)
Tahirid dynasty (821–873)
Qarinvand dynasty (823–1110)
Saffarid dynasty (861–1003)
Shirvanshah (861–1538)
Alavid dynasty (864–928)
Sajid dynasty (889–929)
Ma'danids (890–1110, Makran)
Aishanids (912–961)
Sallarid ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim_states_and_dynasties |
History of Tunisia | The historical era opens with the advent of traders coming by sea from the eastern Mediterranean. Eventually they were followed by a stream of colonists, landing and settling along the coasts of Africa and Iberia, and on the islands of the western seas.
The Neolithic Revolution brought technological innovations and eco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tunisia |
Jewish exodus from the Muslim world | According to Maurice Roumani, a Libyan emigrant who was previously the executive director of WOJAC, the most important factors that influenced the Libyan Jewish community to emigrate were "the scars left from the last years of the Italian occupation and the entry of the British Military in 1943 accompanied by the Jewis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_the_Muslim_world |
Bahrain | The state religion of Bahrain is Islam and most Bahrainis are Muslim. The majority of Bahraini Muslims are Shia Muslims according to official data as of 2021. It is one of three countries in the Middle East in which Shiites were the majority, the other two nations being Iraq and Iran. Public surveys are rare in Bahrain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain |
Sheep | Sheep meat and milk were one of the earliest staple proteins consumed by human civilization after the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. Sheep meat prepared for food is known as either mutton or lamb, and approximately 540 million sheep are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide. "Mutton" is derive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep |
US intervention in the Syrian civil war | In October 2014, the Turkish government agreed to help train and equip some moderate Syrian rebels in Turkey. By January 2015, the United States was set to send 400 troops and hundreds of support staff to countries neighboring Syria in order to train 5,000 opposition soldiers a year for the next three years. The countr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war |
Baruch Goldstein | On February 25, 1994, that year's Purim day, Goldstein entered a room in the Cave of the Patriarchs that was serving as a mosque, wearing an Israeli army uniform "with the insignia of rank, creating the image of a reserve officer on active duty". He then opened fire, killing 29 worshippers and wounding more than 125. M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Goldstein |
Syria–Lebanon campaign | Dentz was Commander in Chief of the Armée du Levant (Army of the Levant), which had regular metropolitan colonial troops and troupes spéciales (special troops, indigenous Syrian and Lebanese soldiers). There were seven infantry battalions of regular French troops at his disposal, which included the 6th Foreign Infantry... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign |
Zionism | According to Zionism, Jews are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah, two Israelite kingdoms that emerged in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age. Jews are named after the Kingdom of Judah, the southern of the two kingdoms, which was centered in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism |
Blood money in Islam | Diyah is not the same for non-Muslims and Muslims in sharia courts. Muslims and non-Muslims are treated as unequal in the sentencing process, in cases of unintentional deaths.
In early history of Islam, there were considerable disagreements in Muslim jurist opinions on applicability of qisas and diyah when a Muslim mur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_money_in_Islam |
Aruj Barbarossa | Aruj later went to Antalya, where he was given 18 galleys by Şehzade Korkut, an Ottoman prince and governor of the city, and charged with fighting against the Knights Hospitaller who inflicted serious damage on Ottoman shipping and trade.
In the following years, when Şehzade Korkut became governor of Manisa, he gave Ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruj_Barbarossa |
Panchatantra | The fables of Panchatantra are found in numerous world languages. It is also considered partly the origin of European secondary works, such as folk tale motifs found in Boccaccio, La Fontaine and the works of Grimm Brothers. For a while, this had led to the hypothesis that popular worldwide animal-based fables had orig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchatantra |
First Crusade | Recruitment for such a large enterprise was continent-wide. Estimates as to the size of the crusader armies have been given as 70,000 to 80,000 on the number who left Western Europe in the year after Clermont, and more joined in the three-year duration. Estimates for the number of knights range from 7,000 to 10,000; 35... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade |
Science in the medieval Islamic world | Islamic mathematicians gathered, organised and clarified the mathematics they inherited from ancient Egypt, Greece, India, Mesopotamia and Persia, and went on to make innovations of their own. Islamic mathematics covered algebra, geometry and arithmetic. Algebra was mainly used for recreation: it had few practical appl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world |
Kingdom of Aksum | In general, elite Aksumite buildings such as palaces were constructed atop podia built of loose stones held together with mud-mortar, with carefully cut granite corner blocks which rebated back a few centimeters at regular intervals as the wall got higher, so the walls narrowed as they rose higher. These podia are ofte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum |
Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel | In 1917, Britain occupied Palestine (then part of the Ottoman Empire) during the course of the First World War. Samuel lost his seat in the election of 1918 and became a candidate to represent British interests in the territory.
He was appointed to the position of High Commissioner in 1920, before the Council of the Le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel |
Al-Zafir | Al-Zafir was proclaimed caliph immediately after his father's death, on 10 October 1149. By this time, the Fatimid dynasty was in decline. The official sect of Isma'ili Shi'ism had lost its appeal and was weakened by disputes and schisms, and the dynasty's legitimacy was increasingly challenged by a Sunni resurgence in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zafir |
Al-Mu'tasim | Ayalon, David (1994). "The Military Reforms of Caliph al-Mu'tasim: Their Background and Consequences". Islam and the Abode of War: Military Slaves and Islamic Adversaries. Variorum Collected Studies Series. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 1–39. ISBN 978-0-86078-430-2.
Bosworth, C. E., ed. (1987). The History of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim |
Algerian People's National Army | The army is under the control of the president, who also is the minister of National Defence. The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency estimated that military expenditures accounted for some 6% of GDP in 2019.
Before 1984, the armed forces had relied on the secretary general of the Ministry of National Defence to coordinat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_People%27s_National_Army |
Yom Kippur War | The United Nations Security Council passed (14–0) Resolution 338 calling for a ceasefire, largely negotiated between the U.S. and Soviet Union, on 22 October. It called upon the belligerents to immediately cease all military activity. The cease-fire was to come into effect 12 hours later at 6:52 pm Israeli time. Becaus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War |
Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate | The Ottoman rule collapsed in Beirut, Damascus and Baabda in one day, and before Ismail Haqqi, the governor of Beirut, withdrew, he handed over the means of state rule to Omar Bey Daouk, the mayor of Beirut, who announced the establishment of an Arab government after receiving a telegram from Damascus in this regard, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate |
Ijtihad | Until the end of the 14th century, no voice had before actively risen to condemn the claims of mujtahids to practice ijtihad within their schools. However, the doctrine of Taqlid was steadily amassing support amongst the masses. The first incident in which muqallids openly attacked the claims of mujtahids occurred in E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijtihad |
Marriage | Many cultures have legends concerning the origins of marriage. The way in which a marriage is conducted and its rules and ramifications have changed over time, as has the institution itself, depending on the culture or demographic of the time.
The first recorded evidence of marriage ceremonies uniting a man and a woman... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage |
Early Muslim conquests | The rapidity of the early conquests has received various explanations. Contemporary Christian writers conceived them as God's punishment visited on their fellow Christians for their sins. Early Muslim historians viewed them as a reflection of the religious zeal of the conquerors and evidence of divine favor. The theory... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests |
Al-Nasir Muhammad | News reached Cairo that Ghazan of the Ilkhanate was preparing to attack the Levant with a big army and about 30 Crusade ships arrived in Beirut. The emirs decided to send forces from Egypt to Syria. While the crusader ships were destroyed by a storm before the crusaders could get ashore, Ghazan, after arriving in Baghd... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nasir_Muhammad |
Recent African origin of modern humans | Results from mtDNA collected from aboriginal Malaysians called Orang Asli indicate that the haplogroups M and N share characteristics with original African groups from approximately 85,000 years ago, and share characteristics with sub-haplogroups found in coastal south-east Asian regions, such as Australasia, the India... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans |
Uthman | Uthman is said to have been the first caliph to adopt the title khalifat Allah ('deputy of God'). The general opinion of the Sunni Muslim community and Sunni historians regarding Uthman's rule were positive, particularly regarding his leniency; in their view, the kinsmen he appointed, such as Muawiya and Abdullah ibn A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthman |
Anti-Palestinianism | American public opinion has tended in favor of Israel and against Palestinians for a number of years, although pro-Palestinian sentiment has increased in the United States during the 21st century.
In 2021, according to Gallup, only 25% of Americans sympathized more with Palestinians than with Israelis, with 58% sympath... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism |
Fatimid Caliphate | In 902, while the Aghlabid emir Ibrahim II was away on campaign in Sicily, Abu Abdallah struck the first significant blow against Aghlabid authority in North Africa by attacking and capturing the city of Mila for the first time. This news triggered a serious response from the Aghlabids, who sent a punitive expedition o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate |
Human history | The long nineteenth century traditionally starts with the French Revolution in 1789, and lasts until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It saw the global spread of the Industrial Revolution, the greatest transformation of the world economy since the Neolithic Revolution. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Brita... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history |
Indians in the United Arab Emirates | The large segment of Indian migrants, along with comparatively lenient laws in the UAE have allowed Indian communities to more or less practice their native cultures in the country. Middle class Indians in the UAE have established a network of cultural associations which cater to their needs. Cultural associations such... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates |
Water politics in the Middle East | The Syria-Lebanon-Palestine boundary was a product of the post–World War I Anglo-French partition of Ottoman Syria.
British forces had advanced to a position at Tel Hazor against Turkish troops in 1918 and wished to incorporate all the sources of the river Jordan within the British controlled Palestine. Due to the Fren... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_politics_in_the_Middle_East |
Iraq and weapons of mass destruction | On June 21, 2006, the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence released key points from a classified report provided to them by the National Ground Intelligence Center on the recovery of chemical weapons in Iraq. The declassified summary stated that "Since 2003, coalition forces have recovered app... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction |
Mahdia | Muslim Mahdia was founded by the Fatimids under the Caliph Abdallah al-Mahdi and made the capital of Ifriqiya. As the then-newly-created Fatimid Caliphate was a Shi'a regime supported by a Berber Kutama military, the caliph may have been motivated to move his capital here so as to put some distance between his power ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdia |
Tunisian revolution | President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali had ruled Tunisia since 1987, mostly as a one-party state with the Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD), following the overthrowing of his predecessor Habib Bourguiba. His government was characterised by the development of Tunisia's private sector in favor of foreign investment, and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_revolution |
Battle of Jerusalem | Just 2 mi (3.2 km) after the main road to Jerusalem entered the hills, it ran through the easily defended pass of Bab el-Wad. On 19 November the 75th Division infantry moved up this road; their 232nd Brigade had left Abu Shushe at 07:30 to occupy the deserted town of Amwas and by 11:00 the Indian 58th Vaughan's Rifles ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem |
Flooding of the Nile | Although the British, during their first period in Egypt, improved and extended this system, it was not able to store large amounts of water and to fully retain the annual flooding. In order to further improve irrigation, Sir William Willcocks, in his role as director general of reservoirs for Egypt, planned and superv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooding_of_the_Nile |
Palestinians | The Greek toponym Palaistínē (Παλαιστίνη), which is the origin of the Arabic Filasṭīn (فلسطين), first occurs in the work of the 5th century BCE Greek historian Herodotus, where it denotes generally the coastal land from Phoenicia down to Egypt. Herodotus also employs the term as an ethnonym, as when he speaks of the "S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinians |
Sebastia, Nablus | Sebastia was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Jabal Sami, part of Sanjak Nablus. It had a population of 20 households and 3 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, olive tre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastia,_Nablus |
Cairo International Airport | On 20 February 1956, a "Transports Aériens Intercontinentaux" Douglas DC-6B on a scheduled Saigon-Karachi-Cairo-Paris flight crashed on approach to Cairo airport, killing 52 of the 63 people on board.
On 12 June 1961, KLM Flight 823, a Lockheed L-188 Electra crashed 4 km (2.5 mi) SE of Cairo Airport because of the pilo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo_International_Airport |
Modesty | Expectation of modesty also applies in the arts, though standards of modesty have varied at different times and in different places. Nudity and various types of behaviour were sometimes depicted, sometime not. In many cases where society did not allow nudity or immodest dress, nudity was accepted in art. Where nudity i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modesty |
Aja'ib al-Makhluqat | God created the birds because He knew that many people would deny the existence of flying creatures, especially the angels. Furthermore, Qazwini adds as proofs that God created birds with three wings, as He did the unicorn, the Indian ass with a horn or the bat without wings; why not angels? Among the birds Qazwini cla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aja%27ib_al-Makhluqat |
Islamic modernism | Islamist movements like Muslim Brotherhood (al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn) were highly influenced by both Islamic Modernism and Salafism. Its founder Hassan Al-Banna was influenced by Muhammad Abduh and particularly his Salafi student Rashid Rida. Al-Banna attacked the taqlid of the official ulama and insisted only the Qur'an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_modernism |
Roman–Persian Wars | The Persians broke the "Treaty of Eternal Peace" in 540 AD, probably in response to the Roman reconquest of much of the former western empire, which had been facilitated by the cessation of war in the East. Khosrau I invaded and devastated Syria, extorting large sums of money from the cities of Syria and Mesopotamia, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars |
Banking in Tunisia | Tunisia was among the first to introduce financial reforms in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The financial sector of the country was tightly controlled through the mid-1980s. Since then, it has undergone three decades of gradual but insufficient reforms. State-owned commercial banks dominate the bankin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_in_Tunisia |
Siege of Baghdad | Flanked on the right wing by the Golden Horde princes, who approached via the Shahrizor plain, and on the left by Kitbuqa in Khuzistan, Hulegu commanded the main Mongol force and sacked Kermanshah on 6 December. After a council of war in mid-December, his commanders dispersed to carry out different tasks. Baiju returne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad |
Salafi jihadism | According to political scientist Gilles Kepel, Salafist jihadism combined "respect for the sacred texts in their most literal form, ... with an absolute commitment to jihad, whose number-one target had to be America, perceived as the greatest enemy of the faith." 13th century Hanbalite jurist Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taym... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_jihadism |
Persian language | The complex grammatical conjugation and declension of Old Persian yielded to the structure of Middle Persian in which the dual number disappeared, leaving only singular and plural, as did gender. Middle Persian developed the ezāfe construction, expressed through ī (modern e/ye), to indicate some of the relations betwee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language |
Umm al-kitab (Shi'i book) | Anthony, Sean W. (2011). "The Legend of ʿAbdallāh ibn Sabaʾ and the Date of Umm al-Kitāb". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 21 (1): 1–30. JSTOR 23011519.
Beinhauer-Köhler, Bärbel (2004). "Die Engelsturzmotive des Umm al-Kitāb. Untersuchungen zur Trägerschaft eines synkretistischen Werkes der häretischen Schia". In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-kitab_(Shi%27i_book) |
Iwan | Many scholars, including Edward Keall, André Godard, Roman Ghirshman, and Mary Boyce, discuss the invention of the iwan in Mesopotamia, the area around today's Iraq. Although debate remains among scholars as to how the iwan developed, there is a general consensus that the iwan evolved locally, and was thus not imported... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan |
Women in Tunisia | On July 26, 2017, Tunisia's Parliament accepted wide-ranging new legislation aimed at the protection of women against all forms of violence. The legislation consists of 43 articles in five chapters addressing gender-based violence. This law eliminates the impunity provided for perpetrators by repealing Article 227 of T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Tunisia |
History of Jordan | The Beni Sakher under Awad bin Thiab Al-Fayez reinstated the Ahl Al-Shamal confederacy at the beginning of the 19th century with Al Sirhan, Al Sardiya, and the Al Issa as junior tribes, and would raid the Wuld Ali Anazah from Palestine and the Balwa for many decades, until their gradual weakening, ending with the Bani ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Jordan |
Homs | Strabo only mentioned Arethusa in his Geography, as a "very strong place" of the Arab Sampsigeramos and of his son Iamblikhos, "phylarchs" of the Emesene, who had allied themselves to Q. Caecilius Bassus against Caesar in 47 BC; the translators above cited have thought strange Strabo's not saying a word about Emesa. Cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs |
Habr Awal |
The clan has produced some of the most prominent and influential Somali figures in history, who are listed below:
Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed Timacade, known as "Timacade", a famous poet during the pre- and post-colonial periods
Suldaan Abdulrahman Gaarad Deria, 1st Sultan & 5th leader of the Habr Awal
Sheikh Madar Ah... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habr_Awal |
Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate | Prince Bashir Shihab II had been ruling since 1788, and he consolidated his authority over the country by eliminating his rivals from the feudal lords. His political cunning always managed to absorb the resentment, and the Druze and Christians alike continued to willingly submit to him. At the end of the reign of Bashi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate |
Iraqi Turkmen | In 1980, Saddam Hussein's government adopted a policy of assimilation of its minorities. Due to government relocation programs, thousands of Iraqi Turkmen were relocated from their traditional homelands in northern Iraq and replaced by Arabs, in an effort to Arabize the region. Furthermore, Iraqi Turkmen villages and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen |
History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi | Gaddafi was a close supporter of Ugandan President Idi Amin.
Gaddafi sent thousands of troops to fight against Tanzania on behalf of Idi Amin. About 600 Libyan soldiers lost their lives attempting to defend the collapsing regime of Amin. After the fall of Kampala, Amin was eventually exiled from Uganda to Libya before ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi |
Reer Caynaashe | The clan traces their paternal lineage to Said Ismail who was the grandson of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed, an Arab Islamic scholar of the Banu Hashim. They take their name from their 18th century ancestor Ainanshe who was the son of Hersi Osman of the Ismail Arreh and a woman of the Ali Said clan. He had seven brothers: Sa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reer_Caynaashe |
Euphrates Region | The present Kurdish-populated area on the left bank of the Euphrates was settled by Kurdish tribes at the beginning of the 17th century. In modern post-independence Syria, the Kurdish population of the region was subject to heavy-handed Arabization policies by the Damascus government. In the course of the Syrian Civil ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrates_Region |
The Guide for the Perplexed | The second part begins with 26 propositions from Aristotle's metaphysics, of which Maimonides accepts 25 as having been conclusively demonstrated, rejecting only the proposition that holds the universe to be eternal. The exposition of the physical structure of the universe, as seen by Maimonides. The world-view assert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guide_for_the_Perplexed |
Umayyad Caliphate | Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
Beckwith, Christopher I. (1993). The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Pow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate |
Battles of the Kinarot Valley | At about 04:30 on 18 May, the Syrian 1st Brigade, now commanded by Brigadier General Husni al-Za'im and consisting of about 30 vehicles, including tanks, advanced west towards Samakh (Tzemah) in two columns—one across the coast, and another flanking from the south. A contingent was allocated further south, in order to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_the_Kinarot_Valley |
Rashidun Caliphate | Following Uthman's assassination, Muhammad's cousin Ali (r. 656–661) was elected caliph by the rebels and townspeople of Medina. He transferred the capital to Kufa, a garrison city in Iraq. Soon thereafter, Ali dismissed several provincial governors, some of whom were relatives of Uthman, and replaced them with trusted... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate |
La Fayette-class frigate | In the late 1980s, the French Navy (Marine Nationale) started the studies for frigates adapted to low-intensity conflicts in the post–Cold War era. The ships were to serve in the large French exclusive economic zone (EEZ), be adapted to humanitarian operations or low-intensity operations in support of land troops, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Fayette-class_frigate |
Savanna | Large areas of Australian and South American savannas have been cleared of trees, and this clearing continues today. For example, land clearing and fracking threaten the Northern Territory, Australia savanna, and 480,000 ha of savanna were being cleared annually in Queensland in the 2000s, primarily to improve pasture ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savanna |
Iranian pop music | After the 1979 Revolution, pop music was banned and completely disappeared from the scene in Iran. Many Iranians emigrated to foreign countries, especially to Los Angeles in the United States, and many continued to sing in exile. Since then, several popular Iranian TV channels and radio stations have operated outside t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_pop_music |
Champa | Bani Chams or Bani Awal are Cham Muslims in Central Vietnam that converted to a version of localized Shi'a Islam mixed with Hindu-Chamic customs, as the faith started making headway among the population after the 10th century CE. The term "Bani" derived from Arabic term "bani" (بني) which means "people". The popular ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champa |
Edom | The Edomites' original country, according to the Hebrew Bible, stretched from the Sinai peninsula as far as Kadesh Barnea. It reached as far south as Eilat, which was the seaport of Edom. On the north of Edom was the territory of Moab. The boundary between Moab and Edom was the brook of Zered. The ancient capital of Ed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom |
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