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Afghanistan | Excavations of prehistoric sites suggest that humans were living in what is now Afghanistan at least 50,000 years ago, and that farming communities in the area were among the earliest in the world. An important site of early historical activities, many believe that Afghanistan compares to Egypt in the historical value ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan |
Shoshenq I | M. Bierbrier, The Late New Kingdom in Egypt (c.1300-664 BC), Aris & Philips Ltd, (1975)
Ricardo A. Caminos, Gebel Es-Silsilah No. 100, JEA 38 (1952), pp. 46–61
Rupert L. Chapman III, Putting Shoshenq I in his Place, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 141, 1 (2009), pp. 4–17
M. Georges Daressy, Les Parents de Chéchanq Ier,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshenq_I |
Al-Andalus | Abd al Rahman's rule was stable in the years after his conquest – he built major public works, most famously the Mosque of Córdoba, and helped urbanize the emirate while defending it from invaders, including the quashing of numerous rebellions, and decisively repelling the invasion by Charlemagne (which would later ins... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus |
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon | A battle took place on May 9, 1978 in the town of Kaukaba when PLO soldiers attacked Norwegian peacekeepers. The battle took place about six weeks after the first Norwegian troops arrived in Lebanon. The skirmish is regarded as one of the hardest battles fought by Norwegian soldiers in the UNIFIL force, and the PLO sol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Force_in_Lebanon |
Miniature (illuminated manuscript) | Armenian miniature painting stands out with its variety of styles and schools. When in 405 Mesrop Mashtots created the Armenian letters, Armenian manuscripts appeared, and Armenian miniature painting developed together with it. Most of the 25,000 Armenian manuscripts from different centuries are decorated with miniatur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript) |
Afro-Palestinians | Following Ottoman rule, the ribats became a part of the religious trust (waqf). The Palestinian leader and mufti of Jerusalem Sheikh Amin al-Husseini rented out these compounds to Palestinians of African background, in gratitude for their loyalty as protectors of the al-Aqsa Mosque after one of the African guards, Jibr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Palestinians |
Human rights in the United Arab Emirates | According to the International Labour Organization there are 146,000 female migrant domestic workers employed in the UAE. In 2014 a Human Rights Watch report spoke to domestic workers who complained about abuse and not being paid due earnings, getting rest periods or days off and excessive workloads as well as document... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates |
Al-Zamakhshari | Zamakhsharyyan Lan ‘Al-Zamakhshari's Negation’ was another topic that divided scholars to agree or disagree with him. In his view, Al-Zamakhshari defined the negation particle lan as a particle that negates present tense verbs with present and future references. To him, it is like ‘never’ in English where it has a sens... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zamakhshari |
Shalmaneser V | The name of Shalmaneser V's wife and queen was Banitu. Her tomb was discovered in excavations at the Northwest Palace at Nimrud in 1988–1989, alongside a tablet with a funerary inscription. Curiously, the tomb contained two female skeletons but objects in the grave are attributed to three queens: Iabâ (queen of Tiglath... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalmaneser_V |
Çatalhöyük | Bailey, Douglass. Prehistoric Figurines: Representation and Corporeality in the Neolithic. New York: Routledge, 2005 (hardcover, ISBN 0-415-33151-X; paperback, ISBN 0-415-33152-8).
Balter, Michael. The Goddess and the Bull: Çatalhöyük: An Archaeological Journey to the Dawn of Civilization. New York: Free Press, 2004 (h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk |
History of mathematics | Throughout the 19th century mathematics became increasingly abstract. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) epitomizes this trend. He did revolutionary work on functions of complex variables, in geometry, and on the convergence of series, leaving aside his many contributions to science. He also gave the first satisfactory p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics |
Baalbek | In 1516, Baalbek was conquered with the rest of Syria by the Ottoman sultan Selim the Grim. In recognition of their prominence among the Shiites of the Beqaa Valley, the Ottomans awarded the sanjak of Homs and local iltizam concessions to Baalbek's Harfush family. Like the Hamadas, the Harfush emirs were involved on mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalbek |
Fakhr al-Din II | In June 1614 the Ottomans administratively reorganized Fakhr al-Din's former domains to curtail Ma'nid power, combining the sanjaks of Sidon-Beirut and Safed into a separate eyalet called Sidon and appointing to it a beylerbey from Constantinople. The new appointee redistributed control of the Druze Mountain's iltizam ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_II |
Near East | Until about 1855, the terms Near East and Far East did not refer to any particular region. The Far East, a phrase containing a noun, East, qualified by an adjective, far, could be at any location in the "far east" of the speaker's home territory. The Ottoman Empire, for example, was the far East as much as the East Ind... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East |
Yemenite Jews | The Zaydi enforced a statute known as the Orphan's Decree, anchored in their own 18th-century legal interpretations and enforced at the end of that century. It obligated the Zaydi state to take under its protection and to educate in Islamic ways any dhimmi (i.e. non-Muslim) child whose parents had died when he was a mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenite_Jews |
Eastern Arabia | The main branches of the Bani Khalid are the Humaid, the Jubur, the Du'um, the Janah, the Grusha, the Musallam, the 'Amayer, the Subaih and the Mahashir. The chieftainship of the Bani Khalid has traditionally been held by the Humaid clan. The Bani Khalid dominated the deserts surrounding Al-Aḥsā and Al-Qatif oases duri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Arabia |
Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula | In 713, Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa subdued the forces of the Visigothic count Theodemir (or Tudmir), who had taken over southeastern Iberia from his base in Murcia after the power vacuum after King Roderic's defeat. Theudimer then signed a conditional capitulation by which his lands were made into an autonomous client state ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula |
Wahhabism | Since the Arabian Peninsula was never occupied by colonial powers, it wasn't directly challenged by Western modernity until the mid-twentieth century, unlike the rest of the Islamic World. While the Saudi ruling class spearheaded modernization drive across the Kingdom; response of the religious establishment to the dra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism |
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia | The second half of the sixth century was a period of political disorder in Arabia and communication routes were no longer secure. Religious divisions were an important cause of the crisis. Judaism became the dominant religion in Yemen while Christianity took root in the Persian Gulf area. In line with the broader trend... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia |
Modern history of Saudi Arabia | In 2005, King Fahd died and his half-brother, Abdullah ascended to the throne. Despite growing calls for change, the king continued the policy of moderate reform.
The country's continued reliance on oil revenue is of particular concern. King Abdullah pursued a policy of limited deregulation, privatization, and seeking ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_history_of_Saudi_Arabia |
Husayn ibn Ali | Many Sunni and Shia'a commentators, such as Fakhr Razi and Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, in their interpretation of Surah Al-Insan, attribute its revelation to Ali and Fatima and the story of the illness of their child or children and a vow for their recovery.
Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i in Tafsir al-Mizan said, the event... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali |
Kyrenia (ship) | The shipwreck of Kyrenia was discovered in November 1965 by the Kyrenian Greek Cypriot diving instructor and Municipal Councillor Andreas Cariolou while collecting sponges at a sea depth of 33 metres, approximately a nautical mile Northeast of the harbour of Kyrenia on the North coast of the Republic of Cyprus, during... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrenia_(ship) |
Arab citizens of Israel | Surveys of Arab-Israeli self-identification are diverse, and have often presented differing if not contradictory results. In 2017 the Konrad Adenauer Foundation's Program for Jewish-Arab Cooperation at the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies at Tel Aviv University conducted a telephone poll, in wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel |
Israel | During the 1950s, Israel was frequently attacked by Palestinian fedayeen, nearly always against civilians, mainly from the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip, leading to several Israeli reprisal operations. In 1956, the UK and France aimed at regaining control of the Suez Canal, which Egypt had nationalized. The continued bl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel |
Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed | Meetings took place in Dhusamareb in July and August 2020 which laid the foundation for the agreement of an indirect election model. On 17 September 2020 the Federal Government of Somalia agreed with member states promising to hold parliamentary elections on 1 December 2020, followed by presidential elections in Februa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Abdullahi_Mohamed |
Indus Valley Civilisation | The Indus Valley civilisation may have had bullock carts identical to those seen throughout South Asia today, as well as boats. Most of these boats were probably small, flat-bottomed craft, perhaps driven by sail, similar to those one can see on the Indus River today;. An extensive canal network, used for irrigation, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation |
History of Sufism | Beginning in the ninth century and continuing throughout the tenth century, al-Andalus was home to fairly strict, orthodox beliefs and practices. Quranic studies and jurisprudence (fiqh) were the accepted and promoted types of scholarship that shaped the region's beliefs and practices. Early fuqaha in Spain were somew... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sufism |
Al-Aqsa | Between 1922 and 1924, the Dome of the Rock and Qibli Mosque were both restored by the Supreme Muslim Council, under Amin al-Husayni (the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem), who commissioned Turkish architect Ahmet Kemalettin Bey to restore al-Aqsa Mosque and the monuments in its precincts. The council also commissioned British... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa |
Nabataeans | The extent of Nabataean trade resulted in cross-cultural influences that reached as far as the Red Sea coast of southern Arabia. The major gods worshiped at Petra were notably Dushara and Al-‘Uzzá. Dushara was the supreme deity of the Nabataean Arabs, and was the official god of the Nabataean Kingdom who enjoyed specia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataeans |
Rashid al-Din Hamadani | Volumes I and II of the Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh have survived and are of great importance for the study of the Ilkhanate. Volume I "contains the history of the Turkish and Mongol tribes, including their tribal legends, genealogies, myths and the history of the Mongol conquests from the time of Genghis Khan to the end of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_al-Din_Hamadani |
Emirate of Crete | Abu Hafs repulsed the early Byzantine attacks and slowly consolidated control of the entire island. He recognized the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate, but ruled as a de facto independent prince. The conquest of the island was of major importance as it transformed the naval balance of power in the Eastern Mediterran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete |
Arab Revolt | When Herbert Kitchener was Consul-General in Egypt, contacts between Abdullah and Kitchener culminated in a telegram of 1 November 1914 from Kitchener, recently appointed as Secretary of War, to Hussein, wherein Britain would, in exchange for support from the Arabs of Hejaz, "guarantee the independence, rights and priv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Revolt |
Strabo | Strabo is best known for his work Geographica ("Geography"), which presented a descriptive history of people and places from different regions of the world known during his lifetime.
Although the Geographica was rarely used by contemporary writers, a multitude of copies survived throughout the Byzantine Empire. It fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabo |
Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory | The Committee to Protect Journalists states: "Without a free press, few other human rights are attainable." IS has tortured and murdered local journalists, creating what Reporters Without Borders calls "news blackholes" in areas controlled by IS. IS fighters have reportedly been given written directions to kill or capt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory |
Ex-Muslims | The 2007 Khalil Bilici study stated that motivations for leaving Islam can be broadly classified into two categories, namely intellectual/ideological motivations and social/experiential motivations. According to Teemu Pauha and Atefeh Aghaee (2018), the first group would find religion to be naive and irrational, wherea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex-Muslims |
Suleiman the Magnificent | The formation of Suleiman's legacy began even before his death. Throughout his reign literary works were commissioned praising Suleiman and constructing an image of him as an ideal ruler, most significantly by Celalzade Mustafa, chancellor of the empire from 1534 to 1557.: 4–5, 250 Later Ottoman writers applied this i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent |
Apepi | Rather than building his own monuments, Apepi generally usurped the monuments of previous pharaohs by inscribing his own name over two sphinxes of Amenemhat II and two statues of Imyremeshaw. Apepi is thought to have usurped the throne of northern Egypt after the death of his predecessor, Khyan, since the latter had de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apepi |
Kingdom of Libya | In regional affairs, Libya enjoyed the advantage of not having aggravated boundary disputes with its neighbors. Libya was one of the thirty founding members of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), established in 1963, and in November 1964 participated with Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia in forming a joint consultati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya |
Husayn ibn Ali | The primary source of the Karbala narrative is the work of the Kufan historian Abu Mikhnaf titled Kitab Maqtal Al-Husayn. Abu Mikhnaf's was an adult some twenty years after the Battle of Karbala. As such he knew many eyewitnesses and collected firsthand accounts and some with very short chains of transmitters, usually ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali |
Salafi movement | Turkey has been largely absent from the growing literature on the phenomenon of transnational Salafism. Salafism is a minority strand of Turkish Islam that evolved in the context of the state's effort in the 1980s to recalibrate religion as a complement to Turkish nationalism. Although Salafism became a topic of discus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement |
Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah | After capturing Emesa, the Muslims moved north to capture whole of the northern Syria. Khalid, acting as an advance guard took his mobile guard to raid northern Syria. At Shaizer, Khalid intercepted a convoy taking provisions for Chalcis. The prisoners were interrogated and informed him about Emperor Heraclius' ambitio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ubayda_ibn_al-Jarrah |
Crusades | The years following the founding of the Kingdom of Jerusalem were met with multiple disasters. The Second Crusade did not achieve its goals, and left the Muslim East in a stronger position with the rise of Saladin. A united Egypt–Syria led to the loss of Jerusalem itself, and Western Europe had no choice but to launch ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades |
Sasanian Empire | The second golden era began after the second reign of Kavad I. With the support of the Hephthalites, Kavad launched a campaign against the Romans. In 502, he took Theodosiopolis in Armenia, but lost it soon afterwards. In 503 he took Amida on the Tigris. In 504, an invasion of Armenia by the western Huns from the Cauca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire |
Naftali Bennett | In February 2012, Bennett published a plan to manage the Israeli–Palestinian conflict called "The Israel Stability Initiative." The plan was based in part on elements of earlier initiatives, such as "Peace on Earth" by Adi Mintz and the "Elon Peace Plan" by Binyamin Elon. It relied on statements of Netanyahu and Likud ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftali_Bennett |
Sayyid Qutb | Literary
Mahammat al-Sha'ir fi'l-Hayah wa Shi'r al-Jil al-Hadir (The Task of the Poet in Life and the Poetry of the Contemporary Generation), 1932
al-Shati al-Majhul (The Unknown Beach), 1935
Naqd Kitab: Mustaqbal al-Thaqafa fi Misr (Critique of a Book by Taha Husain: the Future of Culture in Egypt), 1939
Al-Taswir al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb |
Alchemy | The decline of European alchemy was brought about by the rise of modern science with its emphasis on rigorous quantitative experimentation and its disdain for "ancient wisdom". Although the seeds of these events were planted as early as the 17th century, alchemy still flourished for some two hundred years, and in fact ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemy |
Sin (mythology) | The popularity of Sin of Harran grew in the Iron Age. He became an important deity in the local pantheon of Tabal. Even though Arma continued to be worshiped by the Luwian communities residing in Pamphylia, Cilicia, Caria and Lycia, among eastern Luwians he was entirely displaced by Sin of Harran as the moon god. The l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_(mythology) |
Islamic–Jewish relations | In the Iberian Peninsula, under Muslim rule, Jews were able to make great advances in mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, chemistry and philology. This era is sometimes referred to as the Golden age of Jewish culture in the Iberian Peninsula.
Traditionally Jews living in Muslim lands, known (along with Christians) as d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations |
Sasanian Empire | Conflicting accounts shroud the details of the fall of the Parthian Empire and subsequent rise of the Sassanian Empire in mystery. The Sassanian Empire was established in Estakhr by Ardashir I.
Ardashir's father, Papak, was originally the ruler of a region called Khir. However, by 200, Papak had managed to overthrow Go... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire |
Mamluk architecture | The Burji Mamluk sultans followed the artistic traditions established by their Bahri predecessors. The architecture of the early Burji period continued the style of the late Bahri period. Though the plagues returned frequently throughout the 15th century, Cairo remained a major metropolis and its population recovered i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_architecture |
U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement | Negotiations between the U.S. and Iraq for a new SOFA began in fall 2010. There were late-night meetings at the fortified compound of then Iraqi president, Jalal Talabani, and in video conferences between Baghdad and Washington. In June 2011, diplomats and Iraqi officials said that President Obama had told Prime Minist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement |
Ibn Mada' | Ibn Mada rose to fame as one of the first to launch attack on Arabic grammar theory and called for its reformation. Although he was concerned with attacking all major schools of Arabic grammar, he was focused on the grammar of the linguists of Basra, as it was the most popular school around him. His attack on eastern A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Mada%27 |
Code of Personal Status in Tunisia | In this context, presidential feminism remains ambiguous, as is illustrated by the speech delivered during the UNFT's third congress, held between December 20–29, 1962, in which he declared that he had to protect the family and guarantee to man the faculty of being its head. The policy of Bourguiba lost its vitality in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Personal_Status_in_Tunisia |
Persian gardens | Persian gardens may originate as early as 4000 BC, but it is clear that this tradition began with the Achaemenid dynasty around the 6th century BCE. Decorated pottery of that time displays the typical cross plan of the Persian garden. The outline of Pasargadae, built around 500 BC, is still viewable today. Classical I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_gardens |
Book of the Dead | A Book of the Dead was produced to order by scribes. They were commissioned by people in preparation for their own funerals, or by the relatives of someone recently deceased. They were expensive items; one source gives the price of a Book of the Dead scroll as one deben of silver, perhaps half the annual pay of a labor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead |
Islam and violence | Apostasy in Islam is commonly defined as the conscious abandonment of Islam by a Muslim in word or through deed. A majority considers apostasy in Islam to be some form of religious crime, although a minority does not.
The definition of apostasy from Islam and its appropriate punishment(s) are controversial, and they va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_violence |
Islam in the United Kingdom | According to Gilles de Kerchove in 2017, the UK had the highest number of Islamist radicals in the EU numbering between 20-25,000. Of those, 3000 were considered a direct threat by MI5 and 500 were under constant surveillance. Among those known to security services but not considered an immediate threat were the terror... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Kingdom |
Lebanon | During the 7th century, Muslim Arabs conquered Syria from the Byzantines, incorporating the region, including modern-day Lebanon, under the Islamic Caliphate. In the era of Uthman's caliphate (644–656), Islam gained significant influence in Damascus, led by Mu'awiya, a relative of Uthman, serving as the governor. Mu'aw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon |
Beit Jala | In 1516, the village was included in the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine. In this century, Beit Jala was a large village of Christian and peasants and it had over ten elders (akabir) who functioned as leaders, with each religious group having separate sets of leaders. Rare for a single village, it and nearby... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Jala |
History of Syria | The Roman general Pompey the Great captured Antioch in 64 BCE, turning Syria into a Roman province and ended Armenian rule, establishing the city of Antioch as its capital.
Antioch was the third largest city in the Roman Empire, after Rome and Alexandria, with an estimated population of 500,000 at its zenith, and being... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Syria |
Islam in Mongolia | The earliest evidence of Islam in Mongolia is dated to 1254, when the Franciscan William of Rubruck visited the court of the great khan Mongka at Karakorum. He celebrated Easter at a Nestorian Christian church but also noted seven temples of the "idolators" (possibly Buddhist, Hindu and Taoist temples) and two mosques.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Mongolia |
Constantine the Great | Constantine entered Rome on 29 October 312 and staged a grand adventus in the city which was met with jubilation. Maxentius' body was fished out of the Tiber and decapitated, and his head was paraded through the streets for all to see. After the ceremonies, the disembodied head was sent to Carthage, and Carthage offere... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great |
Emirate of Nekor | Salih I ibn Mansur "al-`Abd as-Salih" (710–749)
al-Mu'tasim ibn Salih (749–?), said to have been very pious
Idris I ibn Salih (?–760), who founded Nekor
Sa'id I ibn Idris (760–803), who moved the capital to Nekor. In his reign, Nekor was sacked by the Vikings, who took many prisoners, a few of whom were ransomed by the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Nekor |
Abbasid Caliphate | In technology, the Abbasids adopted papermaking from China. The use of paper spread from China into the caliphate in the 8th century CE, arriving in al-Andalus (Islamic Spain) and then the rest of Europe in the 10th century. It was easier to manufacture than parchment, less likely to crack than papyrus, and could absor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate |
Sukarno | In December 1930, Sukarno was sentenced to four years in prison, which were served in Sukamiskin prison in Bandung. His speech, however, received extensive coverage by the press, and due to strong pressure from the liberal elements in both the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies, Sukarno was released early on 31 Dece... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno |
Shukri al-Quwatli | Following Syria's independence, the National Bloc was dissolved and replaced by the National Party. Quwatli's leadership, while supported by older politicians like Asali, Jabiri and Haffar, became increasingly challenged by emerging leaders such as Nazim al-Qudsi of the People's Party and Akram al-Hawrani of the Arab S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shukri_al-Quwatli |
Al-Tirmidhi | At-Tirmidhi began the study of hadith at the age of 20. From the year 235 AH (849/850) he traveled widely in Khurasan, Iraq, and the Hijaz in order to collect hadith. His teachers and those he narrated from included:
al-Bukhari
Abū Rajā’ Qutaybah ibn Sa‘īd al-Balkhī al-Baghlāni
‘Alī ibn Ḥujr ibn Iyās as-Sa‘dī al-Marwa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Tirmidhi |
God | The existence of God is a subject of debate in theology, philosophy of religion and popular culture. In philosophical terms, the question of the existence of God involves the disciplines of epistemology (the nature and scope of knowledge) and ontology (study of the nature of being or existence) and the theory of value ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God |
Harla people | The Harari people are considered to be the closest remaining link to the Harla people, as the Hararis were founded by seven Harla clans. Harar and its inhabitants are the only remnant of the old Harla civilization. According to Hararis, the Harari ethnic group consist of seven Harla subclans: Abogn, Adish, Awari, Giday... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harla_people |
Abbas the Great | Between 1614 and 1616, during the Ottoman–Safavid War, Abbas suppressed a rebellion led by his formerly loyal Georgian subjects Luarsab II and Teimuraz I (also known as Tahmuras Khan) in the Kingdom of Kakheti.
In 1606, Abbas had appointed these Georgians onto the thrones of Safavid vassals Kartli and Kakheti, at the b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_the_Great |
Palestinian Christians | In 2022, there were approximately 1,100 Christians in the Gaza Strip, down from 1,300 in 2013, and from 5,000 in the mid-1990s. Gaza's Christian community mostly lives within the city, especially in areas neighbouring the three main churches: Church of Saint Porphyrius, The Holy Family Catholic Parish in Zeitoun Stree... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Christians |
Balochistan | During the reign of Arab dynasties, medieval Iran suffered the onslaught of Ghaznavids, Mongols, Timurids, and the incursions of Guzz Turks. The relationship between the Baloch and nearly all these powers were hostile, and the Baloch suffered enormously during this long period. The Baloch encounters with these powers a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan |
Ptolemy | Under the scrutiny of modern scholarship, and the cross-checking of observations contained in the Almagest against figures produced through backwards extrapolation, various patterns of errors have emerged within the work. A prominent miscalculation is Ptolemy's use of measurements that he claimed were taken at noon, bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy |
Ancient Egyptian race controversy | The Caucasian hypothesis, which has been rejected by mainstream scholarship, is the hypothesis that the Nile valley "was originally peopled by a branch of the Caucasian race". It was proposed in 1844 by Samuel George Morton, who acknowledged that Negroes were present in ancient Egypt but claimed they were either captiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_race_controversy |
Tourism in Libya | Tourism in Libya is not very developed due to the continuous political changes that have taken place in the country, the military conflicts, the lack of security, the theological reasons linked to traditionalist neo-fundamentalism, the difficulty in obtaining tourist visas, the lack of infrastructures, protection of ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Libya |
Al-Asmaʿi | Al-Aṣma’ī's magnum opus Asma'iyyat, is a unique primary source of early Arabic poetry and was collected and republished in the modern era, by the German orientalist Wilhelm Ahlwardt. Al-Sayyid Muʻaẓẓam Ḥusain's English translation of selected poems taken from both the Aṣma’īyyat and Mufaddaliyyat- the larger important ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Asma%CA%BFi |
Foreign relations of Qatar | In September, 2014. QFFD contributed in enhancing stability for Syrian refugees. Qatar Charity facilitated access to quality education through the rehabilitation of 6 Formal schools in Turkey, Gaziantep, Urfa, Kilis, targeting a total number of 13,540 beneficiaries and 12,860 girls and boys.
On July 10, 2017, according... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Qatar |
WWE in Saudi Arabia | WWE received criticism for holding the events without female wrestlers, who were unable to perform in Saudi Arabia between 2014 and 2019, due to the country's limitation on women's rights. Triple H, WWE's Executive Vice President of Talent, Live Events and Creative, stated: "I understand people are questioning it, but ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWE_in_Saudi_Arabia |
North Africa | Due to the recent African origin of modern humans, the history of Prehistoric North Africa is important to the understanding of pre-hominid and early modern human history in Africa.
Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekke... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa |
Arabization | Despite being a nation of the Arabian Peninsula, Oman had been home to several native languages other than Arabic, of which Kumzari which is the only native Indo-European language in the Arabian Peninsula has been classified as highly endangered by the UNESCO and at risk of dying out in 50 years. Before the takeover of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabization |
Capital punishment | There was a time in the Tang dynasty (618–907) when the death penalty was abolished. This was in the year 747, enacted by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (r. 712–756). When abolishing the death penalty, Xuanzong ordered his officials to refer to the nearest regulation by analogy when sentencing those found guilty of crimes fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment |
Imad al-Din al-Isfahani | Muhammad was born in Isfahan, to a Persian family, in the year 1125, and studied at the Nizamiyya school in Baghdad. He graduated into the bureaucracy, and held jurisdiction over Basra and Wasit. He then became a deputy of the vizier ibn Hubayra. After the death of ibn Hubayra, he went to Damascus in 1166 CE (562 Islam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imad_al-Din_al-Isfahani |
2012–2013 Egyptian protests | On 1 December, Morsi announced that a constitutional referendum on the 2012 Draft Constitution of Egypt would be held on 15 December 2012. Islamist backers of Morsi held mass rallies at Cairo University and other cities to support his sweeping new powers and the drafting of a constitution, while several thousand of Mor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Egyptian_protests |
Levantine cuisine | Bamia (بامية)—a stew prepared with chunks of lamb meat with okra in a tomato-based sauce, served over rice
Dolma (محشي)—vegetables, typically aubergines, courgettes, onions, peppers or tomatoes, stuffed with minced meat and rice
Fasoulia (فاصوليا)—a stew prepared with white beans and meat served over rice
Fatteh (فتّة)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levantine_cuisine |
Tribes of Yemen | Historical sources are very scarce about the situation of Yemen during that period, and like previous crises, the Yemenis were divided between Hussein bin Ali and Yazid bin Muawiyah with the exception of Hamdan which continued to mourn Hussein until the caliphate. Marwan ibn al-Hakam, Kinda acquired thirteen heads of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribes_of_Yemen |
Arithmetic | In science and engineering, numbers represent estimates of physical quantities derived from measurement or modeling. Unlike mathematically exact numbers such as π or
2
{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}
, scientifically relevant numerical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic |
Polygyny in Islam | Prior to the emergence of Islam, the Arabian Peninsula was characterized by a wide range of marriage practices—both polygynous and polyandrous alike, as well as monogamous. As Leila Ahmed states in her work, Women and Gender in Islam, "evidence suggests that among the types of marriage practiced was matrilineal, uxoril... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygyny_in_Islam |
Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict | Saudi Arabia under King Salman has adopted a more assertive foreign policy, particularly reflected in the country's intervention in Yemen in 2015 and its involvement in Lebanon in 2017. This has continued with the June 2017 appointment of Mohammad bin Salman as Crown Prince, who has been considered the power behind the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict |
Demon | In Islamic beliefs, demons are roughly of two types: Jinn and devils (Arabic: شَيَاطِين, romanized: šayāṭīn or Persian: دیو, romanized: dīv). The jinn are parts of pre-Islamic Arabian beliefs, although their exact origin is unclear.
The presence of jinn in pre-Islamic Arabian beliefs is not only testified by the Quran,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon |
Nasr Abu Zayd | The Egyptian government "strived to ignore" the case. There were only brief mentions of it in the state-run media and no government official spoke in his defense. However, in 1998, the regulations governing Sharia courts in Egypt were amended making it impossible for individuals to file lawsuits accusing someone of apo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasr_Abu_Zayd |
HIV/AIDS | HIV/AIDS has become a chronic rather than an acutely fatal disease in many areas of the world. Prognosis varies between people, and both the CD4 count and viral load are useful for predicted outcomes. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HI... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS |
Al-Mu'tasim | Al-Mu'tasim's reliance on his Turkish ghilmān grew over time, especially in the aftermath of an abortive plot against him discovered in 838, during the Amorium campaign. Headed by Ujayf ibn Anbasa, a long-serving Khurasani who had followed al-Ma'mun since the civil war against al-Amin, the conspiracy rallied the tradit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim |
Dubai International Cricket Stadium | The first ODI cricket match played here was between Australia and Pakistan on April 22, 2009; it was won by Pakistan. The stadium's first player to take a five-wicket haul was Shahid Afridi with 6/38, which was his career best figures at the time. The top score at this stadium is 302* is held by Azhar Ali against West ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai_International_Cricket_Stadium |
Anthony Eden | In 1951 the Conservatives returned to office and Eden became Foreign Secretary for a third time. Churchill was largely a figurehead in the government, and Eden had effective control of British foreign policy for the second time, with the decline of the empire and the intensifying of the Cold War. Churchill wanted to ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Eden |
Concubinage | Forms of concubinage have existed in all cultures, though the prevalence of the practice and the rights and expectations of the persons involved have varied considerably, as have the rights of the offspring born from such relationships, a concubine's legal and social status, their role within a household and society's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubinage |
Arab citizens of Israel | The Israeli Declaration of Independence stated that the State of Israel would ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex, and guaranteed freedom of religion, conscience, language, education and culture. While formally equal according to Israeli l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel |
Byzantine Empire | In 1198, Pope Innocent III broached the subject of a new crusade through legates and encyclical letters. The stated intent of the crusade was to conquer Egypt, the centre of Muslim power in the Levant. The Crusader army arrived at Venice in the summer of 1202 and hired the Venetian fleet to transport them to Egypt. As ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire |
Anwar al-Awlaki | Nidal Hasan visited al-Awlaki's mosque for his mother's funeral, at which al-Awlaki presided in 2002. Hasan usually attended a mosque in Maryland closer to where he lived while working at the Walter Reed Medical Center (2003–09). He was investigated by the FBI after intelligence agencies intercepted at least 18 e-mails... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki |
Kalam | In early Islam, the Ahl al-Kalām or "Kalamites" essentially referred to the Muʿtazila, in addition to other smaller schools. Historian Daniel W. Brown describes Ahl al-Kalām as one of three main groups engaged in polemical disputes over sources of authority in Islamic law during the second century of Islam: the Ahl al-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalam |
Pan Am Flight 103 | On the day of the bombing, the French Directorate-General for External Security was informed by their British counterpart MI6 that the UK suspected the Libyans to be behind the bombing.
According to a CIA analysis dated 22 December 1988, several groups were quick to claim responsibility in telephone calls in the United... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103 |
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