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Nishapur
Nishapur has been of importance in Iranian mythology. Before the Islamization of Iran, Zoroastrianism had been the major religion of Nishapur.: 68  Rivand (one of the ancient names of Nishapur) has been mentioned in Avesta and subsequently in Shahnameh. Adur Burzen-Mihr a Zoroastrian fire temple of the highest grade wa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur
History of the Jews in Tunisia
The first documents attesting to the presence of Jews in Tunisia date from the second century. Tertullian describes Jewish communities alongside which Pagan Jews of Punic, Roman and Berber origin and, initially, Christians; The success of Jewish proselytism led the pagan authorities to take legal measures, while Tertul...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia
History of ancient Egypt
The Old Kingdom is most commonly regarded as spanning the period of time when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty through to the Sixth Dynasty (2686–2181 BCE). The royal capital of Egypt during this period was located at Memphis, where Djoser (2630–2611 BCE) established his court. The Old Kingdom is perhaps best known...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_Egypt
Persian literature
The biggest Persian dictionary is Dehkhoda Dictionary (16 volumes) by Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda. It is the largest comprehensive Persian dictionary ever published, comprising 16 volumes (more than 27,000 pages). It is published by the Tehran University Press (UTP) under the supervision of the Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_literature
Mediterranean Sea
In spite of its great biodiversity, concentrations of chlorophyll and nutrients in the Mediterranean Sea are very low, making it one of the most oligotrophic ocean regions in the world. The Mediterranean Sea is commonly referred to as an LNLC (Low-Nutrient, Low-Chlorophyll) area. The Mediterranean Sea fits the definiti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari
The appointments of Abu Musa to the governorates of Basra and Kufa were made during the caliphates of Umar and Uthman, but the exact dates and circumstances are not clear. However, during the period that he was governor of one or the other of the two Muslim garrison towns in Iraq, Abu Musa is frequently mentioned in co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Musa_al-Ash%27ari
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Zia died in a plane crash on 17 August 1988. After witnessing a US M1 Abrams tank demonstration in Bahawalpur, Zia had left the city in the Punjab province by C-130B Hercules aircraft. The aircraft departed from Bahawalpur Airport and was expected to reach Islamabad International Airport. Shortly after a smooth takeoff...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq
Fez, Morocco
There are numerous historic mosques in the medina, some of which are part of a madrasa or zawiya. Among the oldest still standing today are the Mosque of al-Qarawiyyin, founded in 857 and subsequently expanded, the Mosque of the Andalusians founded in 859–860,: 7  the Bou Jeloud Mosque from the late 12th century, and p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez,_Morocco
Crusades
The military expeditions undertaken by European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from Muslims provided a template for warfare in other areas that also interested the Latin Church. These included the 12th and 13th century conquest of Muslim Al-Andalus by Spanish Christian kingdom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades
Saad Zaghloul
1857 July: Born into a middle-class peasant family in Ibaynah in the Nile delta. Education: Attended the Al-Azhar in Cairo, as well as at the Egyptian School of Law. 1892: Appointed judge at the Court of Appeal 1895: Marries the daughter of the Prime minister of Egypt, Mustafa Pasha Fahmi 1906: Becomes head of the Min...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad_Zaghloul
Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
Qazwini shows that God created many things that are unknown to the people (Quran 16:8), and a fundamental part of this, with central importance, is God's Throne, His footstool are the angels and the jinn (demons, evil/good spirits). The celestial spheres are inhabited by the angels. The angels are good perfect beings w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aja%27ib_al-Makhluqat
Isis
Like most cults of the time, the Isis cult did not require its devotees to worship Isis exclusively, and their level of commitment probably varied greatly. Some devotees of Isis served as priests in a variety of cults and underwent several initiations dedicated to different deities. Nevertheless, many emphasized their ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isis
Kharijites
Ali refused to denounce the arbitration proceedings, which continued despite the reconciliation with the troops at Harura. In March 658, Ali sent a delegation, led by Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, to carry out the talks. The troops opposed to the arbitration thereafter condemned Ali's rule and elected the pious Abd Allah ibn Wa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharijites
Irreligion in Egypt
Discrimination against atheists in Egypt is mainly the result of the religious establishments in the country, as the laws and policies in Egypt protect religious freedom but punish those who ridicule or insult the Abrahamic religions by words or writing, whereas insulting other non-Abrahamic faiths like Buddhism or Hin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion_in_Egypt
History of the Jews in Tunisia
The living conditions of the Jews in Tunisia were relatively favorable during the reign of the Aghlabids and then Fatimid dynasties. Of the three principal Jewish communities that came into prominence by the 10th century, Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia) was the first to flourish, beginning with the establishment of the S...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia
Politics of Mauritania
The Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social (PRDS), led by President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, has dominated Mauritanian politics since the country's first multi-party elections in April 1992 following the approval by referendum of the current constitution in July 1991. President Taya, who won elections in 1992, 19...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Mauritania
Arianism
Little of Arius's own work survives except in quotations selected for polemical purposes by his opponents, and there is no certainty about what theological and philosophical traditions formed his thought. The influence from the One of Neo-Platonism was widespread throughout the Eastern Roman Empire and this influenced ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianism
Public Investment Fund
In October 2021 a division of the PIF, Golf Saudi funded the establishment of LIV Golf Investments, with Greg Norman declared to be its CEO. The private company introduced a professional tour, LIV Golf, also referred to beforehand as the Super Golf League. It came as a new challenge against the PGA Tour, after the Worl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Investment_Fund
Fawaz Gerges
Fawaz A. Gerges, a U.S. citizen, was born into a Greek Orthodox family in 1959 in Beirut, Lebanon. During the Lebanese Civil War, his hometown was damaged by the fighting, forcing his family to flee to Syria and take refuge in Christian monasteries. Gerges stayed in Syria for a year before moving to the United States. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fawaz_Gerges
Architecture of Qatar
In traditional affluent Qatari households, the majlis served as one of the most significant spaces. This formal, gender-specific reception area was utilized for hosting visitors, conducting business, and leisure activities. The majlis also functioned as a forum for social interaction, discussion, and conflict resolutio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Qatar
Al-Karak
Al-Karak fell within the Crusader lordship of Oultrejourdain, the lands east of the River Jordan and the Dead Sea. In 1132, King Fulk of Jerusalem made Pagan the Butler Lord of Montreal and Oultrejourdain. Pagan made his headquarters at al-Karak, where he built a castle on a hill called by the Crusaders Petra Deserti -...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Karak
2023 Al Haouz earthquake
The earthquake had a focal mechanism indicating oblique-thrust faulting beneath the High Atlas. The rupture occurred on a steep-dipping oblique-reverse fault striking northwest or a shallow-dipping oblique-reverse fault striking east. The USGS estimated the fault rupture area to be 30 km (19 mi) by 25 km (16 mi). Many ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Al_Haouz_earthquake
Olive
Raw or fresh olives are naturally very bitter; to make them palatable, olives must be cured and fermented, thereby removing oleuropein, a bitter phenolic compound that can reach levels of 14% of dry matter in young olives. In addition to oleuropein, other phenolic compounds render freshly picked olives unpalatable and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive
Posts and telecommunications in Lebanon
The first providers were licensed in 1995, namely Data Management, Terranet, Cyberia, and Libanpac. There is an extraordinary wide range of ISPs (Internet Services Providers) and DSPs (Data Service Providers) operating in Lebanon. Per the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, which theoretically grants licenses, the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posts_and_telecommunications_in_Lebanon
Angham
Angham and Magdy Aref separated in 2000. She said she felt trapped by her relationship with Magdy, whom she often described as controlling. Soon after the separation, Angham hired an independent publicist and a new attorney and manager. Angham's next album, 'Leih Sebtaha' (Why Did You Leave Her) which was produced by A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angham
Apostasy in Islam
From around 1800 up until 1970, there were only a few cases of executions of apostates in the Muslim world, including the strangling of a woman in Egypt (sometime between 1825 and 1835), and the beheading of an Armenian youth in the Ottoman Empire in 1843. Western powers campaigned intensely for a prohibition on the ex...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam
Abdul-Karim Qasim
Despite a shared military background, the group of Free Officers that carried out 14 July Revolution was plagued by internal dissension. Its members lacked both a coherent ideology and an effective organisational structure. Many of the more senior officers resented having to take orders from Arif, their junior in rank....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul-Karim_Qasim
Seleucid Empire
Currency plays an increasingly central role under the Seleucids; however, we should note that monetization was nothing new in their newly acquired lands. Rather, the introduction and widespread implementation of currency is attributed to Darius I's tax reforms centuries prior; hence, the Seleucids see a continuation ra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid_Empire
History of mathematics
Greek mathematics refers to the mathematics written in the Greek language from the time of Thales of Miletus (~600 BC) to the closure of the Academy of Athens in 529 AD. Greek mathematicians lived in cities spread over the entire Eastern Mediterranean, from Italy to North Africa, but were united by culture and language...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics
Human rights in Saudi Arabia
The United Nations Special Rapporteur on Counter Terrorism, Ben Emmerson, criticized Saudi Arabia for violating human rights in the name of fighting terrorism during his visit to Saudi Arabia from 30 April to 4 May 2017. According to the report, Saudi Arabia uses its terrorism tribunal and counterterrorism law to unjus...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia
Islamic State
Around the world, Islamic religious leaders have overwhelmingly condemned ISIL's ideology and actions, arguing that the group has strayed from the path of true Islam and that its actions do not reflect the religion's real teachings or virtues. Extremism within Islam goes back to the seventh century, to the Khawarijes. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State
Sol Hachuel
Based on an unverified claim of her conversion to Islam, Hachuel was brought to court and told to kneel before the governor. If she promised to convert, she was promised protection from her parents, silk and gold, and marriage to a handsome young man. If she did not convert, the pasha threatened her as follows: I wil...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_Hachuel
Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
On 13 June 1982 King Khalid died, and Fahd bin Abdulaziz became King. Abdullah became Crown Prince the same day who also maintained his position as head of the National Guard. During his years as crown prince, Abdullah bin Abdulaziz was described as a supporter of accommodation. He managed to group a large number of fr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia
Jericho
The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) was a period of about 1.4 millennia, from 7220 to 5850 BCE (though carbon-14-dates are few and early). The following are PPNB cultural features: Expanded range of domesticated plants Possible domestication of sheep Apparent cult involving the preservation of human skulls, with facial...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho
Neolithic
Settled life, encompassing the transition from foraging to farming and pastoralism, began in South Asia in the region of Balochistan, Pakistan, around 7,000 BC. At the site of Mehrgarh, Balochistan, presence can be documented of the domestication of wheat and barley, rapidly followed by that of goats, sheep, and cattle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic
Babak Khorramdin
In 755, Abu Muslim was murdered. Although he had helped the Abbasids to defeat the former Caliphs, the Umayyad dynasty, the ruling Caliph had given the order to kill him, probably because of his increasing popularity among Iranians and non-Muslims. This incident led to many revolts, mostly by angry Khurramiyyah (Khorra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babak_Khorramdin
Dougga
The Capitol is a Roman temple from the 2nd century, principally dedicated to Rome's protective triad: Jupiter Best and Greatest (Jupiter Optimus Maximus), Juno the Queen (Juno Regina), and Minerva the August (Minerva Augusta). It has a secondary dedication to the wellbeing of the emperors Lucius Verus and Marcus Aureli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dougga
Michel Aflaq
Upon their return to Syria, Aflaq and al-Bitar became teachers at Tajhiz all'-Ula, "the most prestigious secondary school in Syria". Aflaq taught history, while al-Bitar taught math and physics. By 1940, Aflaq and al-Bitar had managed to set up a student circle, which usually met on Fridays. That year, the Arab Ihya Mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Aflaq
Lebanon
During the 7th century, Muslim Arabs conquered Syria from the Byzantines, incorporating the region, including modern-day Lebanon, under the Islamic Caliphate. In the era of Uthman's caliphate (644–656), Islam gained significant influence in Damascus, led by Mu'awiya, a relative of Uthman, serving as the governor. Mu'aw...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon
Shia Islam
The Idrisids (Arabic: الأدارسة) were Arab Zaydī Shias whose dynasty, named after its first sultan, Idris I, ruled in the western Maghreb from 788 to 985 CE. Another Zaydī State was established in the region of Gilan, Deylaman, and Tabaristan (northern Iran) in 864 CE by the Alavids; it lasted until the death of its lea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam
Arabic music
In the early 20th century, Egypt was the first in a series of Arab countries to experience a sudden emergence of nationalism, as it became independent after 2000 years of foreign rule. Any English, French or European songs got replaced by national Egyptian music. Cairo became a center for musical innovation. Female sin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_music
Houthi movement
According to Ahmed Addaghashi, a professor at Sanaa University, the Houthis began as a moderate theological movement that preached tolerance and held a broad-minded view of all the Yemeni peoples. Their first organization, "the Believing Youth" (BY), was founded in 1992 in Saada Governorate: 1008  by either Mohammed al...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_movement
Existence of God
Some arguments focus on the existence of specific conceptions of God as being omniscient, omnipotent, and morally perfect. The Omnipotence Paradox The Omnipotence Paradox is a philosophical problem that challenges the idea of an all-powerful God. The paradox argues that if God is truly omnipotent, then he should be abl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existence_of_God
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Mohammed has three daughters named Latifa. The other two daughters are not connected to this allegation. An early 2000s British police investigation of allegations, made by a former riding instructor about the attempted escape of Mohammed's daughter Latifa (born 1985) from her family estate in England and the subseque...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum
Morocco
Football is the country's most popular sport, popular among the urban youth in particular. In 1986, Morocco became the first Arab and African country to qualify for the second round of the FIFA World Cup. Morocco hosted the Africa Cup of Nations in 1988 and will host it again in 2025 after original host Guinea was stri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco
Maragheh observatory
The decline of the Maragheh observatory began in the 13th century. The observatory survived during the reign of seven rulers of the dynasty, including the reigns of Abaqa and Uljaytu. After al-Tusi's death, his son Sadr al-Din succeeded him as director of the observatory. During Uljaytu's reign, he appointed al-Tusi's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragheh_observatory
Septimius Severus
In 191, on the advice of Quintus Aemilius Laetus, prefect of the Praetorian Guard, emperor Commodus appointed Severus as governor of Pannonia Superior. At around this time he is described by the classicist Kyle Harper as being "a middling senator of modest physical stature and unexceptional accomplishment". Commodus wa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septimius_Severus
Al-Kindi
Al-Kindi was the first major writer on optics since antiquity. Roger Bacon placed him in the first rank after Ptolemy as a writer on the topic. In the apocryphal work known as De radiis stellarum, is developed the theory "that everything in the world ... emits rays in every direction, which fill the whole world." This ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi
Gilles Kepel
Originally trained as a classicist, he started to study Arabic after a journey to the Levant in 1974. He first graduated in Philosophy and English, then completed his Arabic language studies at the French Institute in Damascus (1977–78), and received his degree in Political Science from Sciences Po in Paris in 1980. He...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles_Kepel
Sudan
Sudan has had a troubled relationship with many of its neighbours and much of the international community, owing to what is viewed as its radical Islamic stance. For much of the 1990s, Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia formed an ad hoc alliance called the "Front Line States" with support from the United States to check the in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan
Malays (ethnic group)
Malay personal names are complex, reflecting the hierarchical nature of the society, and titles are considered important. Naming has undergone tremendous change, evolving with the times to reflect the different influences that the Malays been subjected to over the ages. Although some Malay names still retain parts of t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)
Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
Allemann, Franz, ʿAbdallaṭīf al-Baġdādī: Risālah fī Mudjādalat al-ḥakīmain al-kīmiyāʾī wan-naẓarī (“Das Streitgespräch zwischen dem Alchemisten und dem theoretischen Philosophen” or The Argument Between the Alchemist and the Theoretical Philosopher). Eine textkritische Bearbeitung der Handschrift: Bursa, Hüseyin Çelebi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Latif_al-Baghdadi
Islam in Portugal
The Aga Khan Development Network has been present in Portugal since 1983. Agreements were established between the Ismaili Imamat and Portugal, particularly the Protocol of Cooperation with the Portuguese Government signed in 2005 as well as the Protocol of International Cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Portugal
Pandya dynasty
Mauryan emperor Asoka (3rd century BCE) seems to have been on friendly terms with the people of south India and Sri Lanka (the Cholas, the Pandyas, the Satiya Putras, the Kerala Putras and the Tamraparnis). There are no indications that Asoka tried to conquer the extreme south India (the Tamilakam – the Abode of the Ta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandya_dynasty
Western Sahara
Baker resigned his post at the United Nations in 2004; his term did not see the crisis resolved. His resignation followed several months of failed attempts to get Morocco to enter into formal negotiations on the plan, but he was met with rejection. King Hassan II of Morocco initially supported the referendum idea in pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Sahara
Constitution of Tunisia
Following the Fundamental Pact, a commission was set up to draft a real constitution; it was submitted on 17 September 1860 to Muhammad III as-Sadiq, the new Bey after Muhammad II. The constitution came into effect on 26 April 1861. It was the first written constitution in Arab lands, as well as the first constitution ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Tunisia
Bagpipes
In the early part of the second millennium, representation of bagpipes began to appear with frequency in Western European art and iconography. The Cantigas de Santa Maria, written in Galician-Portuguese and compiled in Castile in the mid-13th century, depicts several types of bagpipes. Several illustrations of bagpipes...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagpipes
Inanna
Inanna was associated with the planet Venus, which is named after her Roman equivalent. Several hymns praise Inanna in her role as the goddess or personification of the planet Venus. Theology professor Jeffrey Cooley has argued that, in many myths, Inanna's movements may correspond with the movements of Venus across th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inanna
Roman–Persian Wars
Conflict resumed shortly after the overthrow of Parthian rule and Ardashir I's foundation of the Sasanian Empire. Ardashir (r. 226–241) raided Mesopotamia and Syria in 230 and demanded the cession of all the former territories of the Achaemenid Empire. After fruitless negotiations, Alexander Severus set out against Ard...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars
Saladin
Saladin had captured almost every Crusader city. Saladin preferred to take Jerusalem without bloodshed and offered generous terms, but those inside refused to leave their holy city, vowing to destroy it in a fight to the death rather than see it handed over peacefully. Jerusalem capitulated to his forces on Friday, 2 O...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin
Israeli settlement
Gush Emunim Underground was a militant organization that operated in 1979–1984. The organization planned attacks on Palestinian officials and the Dome of the Rock. In 1994, Baruch Goldstein of Hebron, a member of Kach carried out the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre, killing 29 Muslim worshipers and injuring 125. The at...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_settlement
Jamaat-e-Islami Hind
Jamaat-e-Islami as formed on 26 August 1941 at Lahore under the leadership of Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi. After the Partition members of the organisation remaining in what became the Republic of India, re-organised themselves to form an independent party, having its own Constitution and separate leadership and organisati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Hind
Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
Responding to the influence and pressure of European countries in the 19th century, the Empire began taking steps to curtail the slave trade, which had been legally valid under Ottoman law since the beginning of the empire. One of the important campaigns against Ottoman slavery and slave trade was conducted in the Cauc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Misbah al-Sharia and Miftah al-Haqiqah is another work attributed to al-Sadiq. It is on personal conduct, with chapters on various topics such as legal interests interspersed with general moral issues, and advice on how to lead a spiritual life and thus purify the soul. As the first person who came across this book in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq
Sharia
Jonathan A.C. Brown says: The vast majority of the ulama across the Sunni schools of law inherited the Prophet's unease over domestic violence and placed further restrictions on the evident meaning of the 'Wife Beating Verse'. A leading Meccan scholar from the second generation of Muslims, Ata' bin Abi Rabah, counsele...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia
French protectorate in Morocco
In late 1955, Muhammad V successfully negotiated the gradual restoration of Moroccan independence within a framework of French-Moroccan interdependence. Further negotiations for full independence culminated in the French-Moroccan Agreement signed in Paris on 2 March 1956. However, provisions in the protocole annexe of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco
Battle of Karbala
Wellhausen has described Husayn's revolt as a premature and ill-prepared campaign by an ambitious person. He writes "He reaches out to the moon like a child. He makes the greatest demands and does not do the slightest; the others should do everything... As soon as he encounters resistance, it is over with him; he wants...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala
Baal
The title baʿal was a synonym in some contexts of the Hebrew adon ("Lord") and adonai ("My Lord") still used as aliases of the Lord of Israel Yahweh. According to some scholars, the early Hebrews did use the names Baʿal ("Lord") and Baʿali ("My Lord") in reference to the Lord of Israel, just as Baʿal farther north desi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baal
Husayn ibn Ali
The primary source of the Karbala narrative is the work of the Kufan historian Abu Mikhnaf titled Kitab Maqtal Al-Husayn. Abu Mikhnaf's was an adult some twenty years after the Battle of Karbala. As such he knew many eyewitnesses and collected firsthand accounts and some with very short chains of transmitters, usually ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali
Isin
The site of Isin was occupied at least as early as the Ubaid period based on pottery shards. Significant occupation began in the Early Dynastic period in early to middle 3rd millennium BC. Isin is known to have been occupied during the Akkadian Empire. An intensive building program began at Isin during the Ur III empir...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isin
Fahd of Saudi Arabia
King Fahd was married at least thirteen times. The spouses of King Fahd were as follows: Al Anood bint Abdulaziz bin Musaid Al Saud, mother of his eldest five sons, Prince Faisal, Prince Mohammed, Prince Saud, Prince Sultan and Prince Khalid. Al Jawhara bint Ibrahim Al Ibrahim, mother of Prince Abdulaziz bin Fahd Nour...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia
Byzantine Empire
Leo and his son Constantine V (r. 741–775), two of the most capable Byzantine emperors, withstood continued Arab attacks, civil unrest, and natural disasters, and reestablished the state as a major regional power. Leo's reign produced the Ecloga, a new code of law to succeed that of Justinian II, and continued to refor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire
Fatima al-Fihriya
The historicity of this story has been questioned by some modern historians who see the symmetry of two sisters founding the two most famous mosques of Fes as too convenient and likely originating from legend. Ibn Abi Zar is also judged by contemporary historians to be a relatively unreliable source. Historian Roger Le...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima_al-Fihriya
Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha
Subsequent to Adly's resignation, Sarwat announced, on 11 December, that he would be ready to form a cabinet if eleven conditions, which he made public, were accepted by Britain. They included that the British Protectorate be abolished, the sovereign independence of Egypt recognized and the Ministry of Foreign affair r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Khalek_Sarwat_Pasha
Mehmed II
Mehmed the Conqueror consolidated power by building his imperial court, the divan, with officials who would be solely loyal to him and allow him greater autonomy and authority. Under previous sultans the divan had been filled with members of aristocratic families that sometimes had other interests and loyalties than th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_II
Poetry
In the Western poetic tradition, meters are customarily grouped according to a characteristic metrical foot and the number of feet per line. The number of metrical feet in a line are described using Greek terminology: tetrameter for four feet and hexameter for six feet, for example. Thus, "iambic pentameter" is a meter...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry
Diacritic
The following languages have letter-diacritic combinations that are not considered independent letters. Afrikaans uses a diaeresis to mark vowels that are pronounced separately and not as one would expect where they occur together, for example voel (to feel) as opposed to voël (bird). The circumflex is used in ê, î, ô...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacritic
Nizari Isma'ilism
The bewildered Henry asked Sinan the cause for the suicidal jump. Sinan pointed once again to the Fidai who had taken the place of the now dead Fidai. Again Sinan gave a signal to the Fidai to jump and the second Fidai also called out "God is Great" and jumped to his death. Henry was visibly shaken by the experience of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism
Abdullah II of Jordan
The Tunisian Revolution in December 2010 (which unseated that country's president) brought Egyptians into the streets, and by January 2011 they overthrew president Hosni Mubarak. Protests in other Arab countries soon followed, resulting in civil wars in Libya, Syria and Yemen. In Jordan, opposition groups including the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan
Babylonia
The Kassite dynasty was founded by Gandash of Mari. The Kassites, like the Amorite rulers who had preceded them, were not originally native to Mesopotamia. Rather, they had first appeared in the Zagros Mountains of what is today northwestern Iran. The ethnic affiliation of the Kassites is unclear. Still, their language...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia
Islam in England
The first English convert to Islam mentioned by name is John Nelson. The 16th-century writer Richard Hakluyt claimed he was forced to convert, though he mentions in the same story other Englishmen who had converted willingly. This king had a son which was a ruler in an island called Gerbi, whereunto arrived an English...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_England
Assyria
Ashur-uballit I was the first native Assyrian ruler to claim the royal title šar ("king"). Shortly after achieving independence, he further claimed the dignity of a great king on the level of the Egyptian pharaohs and the Hittite kings. Assyria's rise was intertwined with the decline and fall of the Mitanni kingdom, it...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyria
Islam in Malta
During the period of rule under the Knights Hospitaller, thousands of Muslim slaves, captured as a result of maritime raids, were taken to Malta. In the mid-18th century, there were around 9,000 Muslim slaves in Hospitaller-ruled Malta. They were given a substantial amount of freedom, being allowed to gather for prayer...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Malta
El-Kurru
Tum. 1, dates to 860-840 BC, no names found associated with the tomb. Tum. 2, dates to 800-780 BC, the tomb contained a female skull, no names found associated with the tomb. Tum. 4, dates to 860-840 BC, no names found associated with the tomb. Tum. 5, dates to 860-840 BC, no names found associated with the tomb. Tum. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Kurru
Mosaic
The eastern provinces of the Eastern Roman and later the Byzantine Empires inherited a strong artistic tradition from Late Antiquity. Similar to Italy and Constantinople, churches and important secular buildings in the region of Syria and Egypt were decorated with elaborate mosaic panels between the 5th and 8th centuri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic
History of slavery in the Muslim world
During the 18th century, raids by Kazakhs on Russia's territory of Orenburg were common; the Kazakhs captured many Russians and sold them as slaves in the Central Asian market. The Volga Germans were also victims of Kazakh raids; they were ethnic Germans living along the River Volga in the region of southeastern Europe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_the_Muslim_world
Fez, Morocco
In the 16th century the Saadis, a dynasty claiming prophetic heritage, rose to power in southern Morocco and challenged the Wattasids. Around the same time, the Ottoman Empire came close to Fez after its conquest of Algeria. In January 1549, the Saadi sultan Mohammed ash-Sheikh took Fez and ousted the last Wattasid sul...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez,_Morocco
Syria
Muhammad's first interaction with the people and tribes of Syria was during the Invasion of Dumatul Jandal in July 626 where he ordered his followers to invade Duma, because Muhammad received intelligence that some tribes there were involved in highway robbery and preparing to attack Medina itself. William Montgomery W...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria
Malays (ethnic group)
Between 1511 and 1984, numerous Malay kingdoms and sultanates fell under direct colonisation or became the protectorates of different foreign powers, from European colonial powers like Portuguese, Dutch and British, to regional powers like Aceh, Siam and Japan. In 1511, the Portuguese Empire captured the capital city o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)
Tétouan
As early as the 1530s and 1540s, at the time when Spain and the Ottoman Empire were disputing control over the western part of the Mediterranean, piracy was spreading and soon Tétouan became one of the main centers of piracy in the region. Corsairs considered it as a form of retaliation against the Spanish Reconquista ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9touan
Sudan
In 1821, the Ottoman ruler of Egypt, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, had invaded and conquered northern Sudan. Although technically the Vali of Egypt under the Ottoman Empire, Muhammad Ali styled himself as Khedive of a virtually independent Egypt. Seeking to add Sudan to his domains, he sent his third son Ismail (not to be con...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan
Presidency of Donald Trump
In February 2018, when Mueller indicted more than a dozen Russians and three entities for interference in the 2016 election, Trump asserted the indictment was proof his campaign did not collude with the Russians. The New York Times noted Trump "voiced no concern that a foreign power had been trying for nearly four year...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump
Order of Assassins
The word asas in Arabic means "principle". The Asāsiyyūn (plural, from literary Arabic) were, as defined in Arabic, the principle people. The term "assassin" likely has roots in hashshāshīn ("hashish smokers or users"), a mispronunciation of the original Asāsiyyūn, but not a mispronunciation of Assasiyeen (pronounced "...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Assassins
Arabic grammar
Colloquial spoken Arabic may employ different word order than Classical Arabic or Modern Standard Arabic. Regarding subject-verb order, Owens et al. (2009), examined three dialects of the Arabian peninsula from a discourse informational and a morpholexical perspective. They show that subject-verb or verb-subject word o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar
Emirate of Crete
At some point in the second half of the reign of Byzantine Emperor Michael II (r. 820–829), a group of Andalusian exiles landed on Crete and began its conquest. These exiles had a long nomadic history. Traditionally they have been described as the survivors of a failed revolt against the emir al-Hakam I of Córdoba in 8...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete
Dhow
Baghlah (بغلة) – from the Arabic language word for "mule". A heavy ship, the traditional deep-sea dhow. Baqarah or baggarah (بقارة) – from the Arabic word for "cow". Old type of small dhow similar to the Battil. Barijah – small dhow. Battil (بتيل) – featured long stems topped by large, club-shaped stem heads. Beden – a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhow
Latin translations of the 12th century
Adelard of Bath's (fl. 1116–1142) translations into Latin included al-Khwarizmi's astronomical and trigonometrical work Astronomical Tables and his arithmetical work Liber Isagogarum Alchorismi, the Introduction to Astrology of Abu Ma'shar, as well as Euclid's Elements. Adelard associated with other scholars in Western...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th_century
Mughal garden
Like Persian and Central Asian gardens, water became the central and connecting theme of the Mughal gardens. Water played an effective role in the Mughal gardens right from the time of Babur. He was more interested in 'beauty' than 'ecclesiastical prescription. The beauty of Babur's classic chaharbagh was the central w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_garden
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
The Bedouin were introduced to Meccan ritualistic practices as they frequented settled towns of the Hejaz during the four months of the "holy truce", the first three of which were devoted to religious observance, while the fourth was set aside for trade. Alan Jones infers from Bedouin poetry that the gods, even Allah, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
United Arab Emirates
By 1966, it had become clear the British government could no longer afford to administer and protect the Trucial States, what is now the United Arab Emirates. British Members of Parliament (MPs) debated the preparedness of the Royal Navy to defend the sheikhdoms. On 24 January 1968, British Prime Minister Harold Wilson...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates