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Presidency of Donald Trump | In March 2018, Trump imposed tariffs on solar panels and washing machines of 30–50%. In March 2018, he imposed tariffs on steel (25%) and aluminum (10%) from most countries, which covered an estimated 4.1% of U.S. imports. On June 1, 2018, this was extended to the European Union, Canada, and Mexico. In separate moves, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump |
Old Assyrian period | In the 18th century BC, Shamshi-Adad's kingdom became surrounded by competing large kingdoms. In the south, the rulers of Larsa, Babylon and Eshnunna fought with one another to re-unite southern Mesopotamia. In the east, the rulers of Elam increasingly involved themselves in Mesopotamian politics and in the west, new k... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Assyrian_period |
Mohammed ben Abdallah | Sidi Mohammed was polygamous and had a harem of slave concubines. His sons by marriage and by harem slave concubines ruled after him. His wedded wives were:
Princess Lalla Fatima bint Suleiman, their wedding date is unknown, but they were married when he was still a prince. She was his cousin, and her father, Moulay S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_ben_Abdallah |
Idris of Libya | Following the agreement, Emir Idris feared that Italy—under its new Fascist leader Benito Mussolini—would militarily retaliate against the Senussi Order, and so he went into exile in the newly established Kingdom of Egypt (formerly known as the Sultanate of Egypt) in December 1922. Soon, the Italian reconquest of Libya... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idris_of_Libya |
Slavery in Saudi Arabia | Slave labor is described in the territory of modern Saudi Arabia for centuries. In the 8th-century, slave labor was used in the mines of Asir, and in the 11th-century, slaves performed manual labor in the oasis of Al-Ahsa.
During the Middle Ages, the first aghawat, eunuchs of Indian, Byzantine (Greek) and African heri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Saudi_Arabia |
Kuwait | Kuwait is part of the Tigris–Euphrates river system basin. Several Tigris–Euphrates confluences form parts of the Kuwait–Iraq border. Bubiyan Island is part of the Shatt al-Arab delta. Kuwait is partially part of the Mesopotamian Marshes. Kuwait does not currently have any permanent rivers within its territory. However... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait |
Jebel Irhoud | Initially, the finds were interpreted as Neanderthal, as the stone tools found with them were believed to be associated exclusively with Neanderthals. They also had archaic phenotypical features believed to be representative of the Neanderthals, rather than Homo sapiens. They were thought to be approximately 40,000 yea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jebel_Irhoud |
Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties | In 2009, Ettakatol ran for the first time in the parliamentary elections, winning only 0.12% of the vote and no seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
For the presidential election held on the same day, the Mustapha Ben Jaafar announced his candidacy for the election. A new party leader who had not held elective congress at... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Forum_for_Labour_and_Liberties |
Palestinian Christians | Palestinian Christians have played a role in the anti-Zionist movement and related political violence, both before and after the establishment of Israel in 1948.
During the 1936-1939 revolt in British Palestine, the Palestinian Arab rebels bore flags with a cross and crescent, symbolizing Christianity and Islam, resp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Christians |
Mahmud I | Mahmud I was recognized as sultan by the mutineers as well as by court officials but for some weeks after his accession the empire was in the hands of the insurgents. Halil rode with the new sultan to the Mosque of Eyüb where the ceremony of girding Mahmud I with the Sword of Osman was performed; many of the chief offi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_I |
Salafi movement | By the 1900s, the reformers had already become commonly known as "Salafis", which in-part was also used to deflect accusations from their opponents; to emphasize that they were different from the Wahhabis of Najd. The Salafi turn against Ibn 'Arabi and Sufism would materialize a decade later, after the First World War,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement |
Benghazi | Benghazi is the second largest city in Libya, and as such, has some of the best sports facilities in the country. The city has various sporting centres of different standards, such as football stadia, beach clubs (where many water sports are played), as well as several other public and private facilities. Benghazi has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi |
Quneitra Governorate | A group of settlers from Merom Golan – a settlement established in 1967 – took over an abandoned bunker in Quneitra and declared it to be a new settlement called Keshet (Quneitra in Hebrew). The settlers also set about razing the existing town to the ground. The leader of Merom Golan, Yehuda Harel, and another Merom Go... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate |
Ibn Butlan | While in Aleppo, which he reached after 27 days, he gained the graces of Muʿizz ad-Daula Ṯimāl ibn Ṣāliḥ, the emir of the city, and set up a medical practice there.
The impression he left in northern Syria was so great that he became a notable figure in the local oral canon, three of these stories were recorded by Usām... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Butlan |
Sasanian Empire | The Sassanids, like the Parthians, were in constant hostilities with the Roman Empire. The Sassanids, who succeeded the Parthians, were recognized as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighboring rival the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, for a period of more than 400 years. Following the division... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire |
LGBT people and Islam | The 18th and 19th centuries saw the rise of Islamic fundamentalism such as Wahhabism, which came to call for stricter adherence to the Hadith. In 1744, Muhammad bin Saud, the tribal ruler of the town of Diriyah, endorsed ibn Abd al-Wahhab’s mission and the two swore an oath to establish a state together run according t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_people_and_Islam |
Sudanese transition to democracy (2019–2021) | Women's rights activists such as 500 Words Magazine editor Ola Diab and Redress legal advisor Charlie Loudon hailed the abolition of repressive measures and restrictions on women as "great first steps". They emphasised that the new laws needed to be enforced and the repealed laws also abandoned in practice, which would... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_transition_to_democracy_(2019%E2%80%932021) |
Sasanian Empire | Some scholars of Zoroastrianism such as Mary Boyce have speculated that it is possible that the yasna service was lengthened during the Sassanid era "to increase its impressiveness". This appears to have been done by joining the Gathic Staota Yesnya with the haoma ceremony. Furthermore, it is believed that another long... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire |
Lebanese cuisine | Most often, foods are grilled, baked or lightly cooked in olive oil; butter or cream is rarely used other than in a few desserts. Vegetables are often eaten raw, pickled, or cooked. Like most Mediterranean countries, much of what the Lebanese eat is dictated by the seasons and what is available. Lebanese cuisine also v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine |
Shia Islam | In the Nizārī Ismāʿīlī interpretation of Shia Islam, the Imam is the guide and the intercessor between humans and God, and the individual through whom God is recognized. He is also responsible for the esoteric interpretation of the Quran (taʾwīl). He is the possessor of divine knowledge and therefore the "Prime Teacher... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam |
Islamic calligraphy | In the post-colonial era, artists working in North Africa and the Middle East transformed Arabic calligraphy into a modern art movement, known as the Hurufiyya movement. Artists working in this style use calligraphy as a graphic element within contemporary artwork.
The term, hurufiyya is derived from the Arabic term, h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy |
Arab conquest of Egypt | Heraclius died in February 641, two months before the fall of the Babylon Fortress, and was succeeded by his two sons Constantine III and Heraclonas as co-emperors. Heraclonas' mother, Martina, ruled through Heraclonas because of his young age and consistently opposed Constantine. Constantine, following his father's wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_conquest_of_Egypt |
Shia Islam | The Shia, originally known as the "partisans" of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, Muhammad's cousin and Fatima's husband, first emerged as a distinct movement during the First Fitna from 656 to 661 CE. Shia doctrine holds that ʿAlī was meant to lead the community after Muhammad's death in 632. Historians dispute over the origins of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam |
Mu'allaqat | The original compiler of the poems may have been Hammad al-Rawiya (8th century). The grammarian Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Nahhas (d. 949 CE) says in his commentary on the Mu'allaqat: "The true view of the matter is this: when Hammad al-Rawiya saw how little men cared for poetry, he collected these seven pieces, urged peopl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27allaqat |
Dönmeh | Despite their supposed conversion to Islam, the Sabbateans secretly remained close to Judaism and continued to practice Jewish rituals covertly. They recognized Sabbatai Sevi (1626–1676) as the Jewish messiah, observed certain Jewish commandments with similarities to those in Rabbinic Judaism, and prayed in Hebrew and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh |
Howeitat | Nowadays, the Howeitat tribe has largely given up its nomadic lifestyle, and settled into villages. On 13 April 2020 a Howeitat man named Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti posted videos online announcing that Saudi security forces were trying to evict him and other members of the tribe from their historic homeland to make way for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howeitat |
Jameh Mosque of Isfahan | After this, the later changes to the mosque were more limited. Nonetheless, nearly every period saw some work done on the mosque, reflecting the changing needs of the community and the changing tastes of new rulers. Under the Ilkhanid sultan Uljaytu (r. 1304–1317), the arcade around the sides of the courtyard was verti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Isfahan |
El Djem | The Roman city of Thysdrus was built, like almost all Roman settlements in ancient Tunisia, on former Punic settlements. In a less arid climate than today's, Thysdrus prospered as an important center of olive oil production and export. It was the seat of a Christian bishopric, which is included in the Catholic Church's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Djem |
Christianity and Druze | The Tanukhids were Christianised in the 3rd or 4th centuries, likely while in the eastern half of the fertile crescent, and by the 4th century they were described as having a "fanatic zeal for Christianity" and were "zealous Christian soldiers" in the 6th century. In the 7th century, during the Muslim conquest of the L... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_and_Druze |
Bible | The narratives, laws, wisdom sayings, parables, and unique genres of the Bible provide opportunity for discussion on most topics of concern to human beings: The role of women,: 203 sex, children, marriage, neighbours,: 24 friends, the nature of authority and the sharing of power,: 45–48 animals, trees and nature,: x... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible |
History of the Middle Eastern people in Metro Detroit | Arriving in the early 1870s, the first Middle Eastern settlers in the Detroit area were Lebanese people. Most of them were Christians, including Maronites, Melkites, and Eastern Orthodox. Some immigrants were Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims. Some Druze also immigrated. A February 6, 1900 article in the Detroit Free Pres... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_Eastern_people_in_Metro_Detroit |
Islamic State | Documents found after the death of Samir Abd Muhammad al-Khlifawi, a former colonel in the intelligence service of the Iraqi Air Force before the US invasion who had been described as "the strategic head" of ISIL, detailed planning for the ISIL takeover of northern Syria which made possible "the group's later advances ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State |
Middle Ages | The expansion of population, greater agricultural productivity, and relative political stability laid the foundations for the commercial revolution in the 11th century. People with surplus cash began investing in commodities such as salt, pepper, silk, wine and honey in faraway markets. Rising trade brought new methods... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages |
Al-Qaeda | Ayman al-Zawahiri had been al-Qaeda's deputy emir and assumed the role of emir following bin Laden's death. Al-Zawahiri replaced Saif al-Adel, who had served as interim commander.
On June 5, 2012, Pakistani intelligence officials announced that al-Rahman's alleged successor as second in command, Abu Yahya al-Libi, had ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda |
Cavalry | In August 1914, all combatant armies still retained substantial numbers of cavalry and the mobile nature of the opening battles on both Eastern and Western Fronts provided a number of instances of traditional cavalry actions, though on a smaller and more scattered scale than those of previous wars. The 110 regiments of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalry |
Medical Renaissance | Andreas Vesalius was born in 1514 around midnight in Brussels, then part of Habsburg Netherlands, to a long lineage of doctors. His father was also an apothecary to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. He would be born into the period of The Revival of Learning. He gained an interest in anatomy at a young age and began disse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Renaissance |
Percy Cox | Cox was Secretary to the Government of India, its chief civil servant, and third in order of precedence. He was despatched to the Gulf as Chief Political Officer with the rank of honorary major-general. The arrival of General Nixon from Simla was "shabby...jobbing" as the military build-up enclosing India's plan to ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Cox |
Usman dan Fodio | In 1774, Usman began his itinerant preaching as an Mallam and continued preaching for twelve years in Gobir and Kebbi, followed by further five years in Zamfara. Among Usman's well-known students include his younger brother Abdullah, the Hausa King Yunfa, and many others.
His preaching tours took him from to Faru. Aft... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio |
Abbasid Caliphate | As power shifted from the Umayyads to the Abbasids, the architectural styles changed also, from Greco-Roman tradition (which features elements of Hellenistic and Roman representative style) to Eastern tradition which retained their independent architectural traditions from Mesopotamia and Persia. The Abbasid architectu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate |
Arab citizens of Israel | In a 2004 survey by Sammy Smooha of the University of Haifa Jewish-Arab Center, 85% of Israeli Arabs stated that Israel has a right to exist as an independent state, and 70% that it has a right to exist as a democratic, Jewish state. A Truman Institute survey from 2005 found that 63% of the Arab citizens accepted the p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel |
Al-Hafiz | His first vizier was the Armenian Yanis, a former military slave of al-Afdal and thus a prominent member of the same army factions that had raised Kutayfat to power. Yanis had already occupied high offices under al-Amir, including chamberlain (ṣāḥib al-bāb), a post almost as powerful as the vizierate. To enforce his ow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hafiz |
Dynasty of Isin | Ur-Ninurta (fl. c. 1848—1820 BCE by the short chronology) was the 6th king of the Dynasty of Isin. A usurper, Ur-Ninurta seized the throne on the fall of Lipit-Ištar and held it until his violent death some 28 years later.
He called himself “son of Iškur,” the southern storm-god synonymous with Adad, in his adab to Išk... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynasty_of_Isin |
Shia–Sunni relations | The Shia faith in the Levant started spreading during the Hamdanid rule, which commenced in the start of the 10th century. It was followed by the Mirdasid Shi'ite emirate in the 11th century, with both the emirates centered at Aleppo.
The general observations recorded by Muslim travellers passing through the Levant dur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations |
Islam and democracy | Salafism as an ideology and movement has close ties to Saudi Arabia. The Saudi monarchy from its beginning in the 18th century has partnered with Wahhabism as military tool and ideological support to their monarchical rule. The ruling monarchy uses their scholars (termed salafis, wahhabis, and Najdis) to defend their a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_democracy |
Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad | The Mosque of Sultan al-Mu'ayyad was the last great hypostyle mosque built in Cairo. Originally it had four facades and entrances. Over time, the mosque fell into disrepair, and today only the eastern facade and the prayer hall are original to the mosque. Much of what can be seen today has been restored over the past t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque_of_Sultan_al-Muayyad |
The River War | The unabridged version contains many illustrations with drawings, photogravures, and coloured maps. It also contains vivid narratives of personal adventures of the author, his views on British expansionism, passages of deep reflection about the requirements of a civilised government, and criticism of military and polit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_River_War |
Arabs | The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs who settled in a territory centred around their capital of Petra in what is now Jordan. Their early inscriptions were in Aramaic, but gradually switched to Arabic, and since they had writing, it was they who made the first inscriptions in Arabic. The Nabataean alphabet was adopted by A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs |
Sarong | The basic garment known in English most often as a sarong, sewn or unsewn, has analogs in many regions, where it shows variations in style and is known by different names.
Africa
In East Africa, it is called either a kanga (worn by African women), or a kikoy, traditionally worn by men and used with much simpler design... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong |
1948 Arab–Israeli War | Throughout the following days, the Arabs were only able to make limited gains due to fierce Israeli resistance, and were quickly driven off their new holdings by Israeli counterattacks.
As the war progressed, the IDF managed to field more troops than the Arab forces. In July 1948, the IDF had 63,000 troops; by early sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War |
Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi | Sayyid Abd al-Rahman invited the Yemenite scholar Abd al-Rahman ibn Hurayn al-Jabri to come to Omdurman and make a study of Mahdism. Al-Jabri wrote a book covering the history of the movement and its justification in the hadith, essentially designed to glorify the Mahdi and his son. Abd al-Rahman tried to publish the b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Mahdi |
Beit Jala | In 1516, the village was included in the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine. In this century, Beit Jala was a large village of Christian and peasants and it had over ten elders (akabir) who functioned as leaders, with each religious group having separate sets of leaders. Rare for a single village, it and nearby... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Jala |
Syrian occupation of Lebanon | By October 1976, Syria had significantly weakened the leftists and their Palestinian allies, but at a meeting of the Arab League, it was forced to accept a ceasefire. The League ministers decided to expand an existing small Arab peacekeeping force in Lebanon. It grew to be a large deterrent force consisting almost enti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon |
Arabs | Arabic music, while independent and flourishing in the 2010s, has a long history of interaction with many other regional musical styles and genres. It is an amalgam of the music of the Arab people in the Arabian Peninsula and the music of all the peoples that make up the Arab world today. Pre-Islamic Arab music was sim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs |
Wedding | The global wedding industry was worth $300 billion as of 2016. The United States wedding industry alone was estimated to be worth $60 billion as of the same year. In the United States, the wedding industry employs over one million people throughout 600,000 businesses and grows 2% each year. The industry has undergone a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedding |
Sumerian language | The vowels that are clearly distinguished by the cuneiform script are /a/, /e/, /i/, and /u/. Various researchers have posited the existence of more vowel phonemes such as /o/ and even /ɛ/ and /ɔ/, which would have been concealed by the transmission through Akkadian, as that language does not distinguish them. That wou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_language |
Shamash | Multiple deities who could be regarded as the sukkal (attendant deity) of Utu are known, and more than one could appear in this role at a time. Bunene, also known under the name Papnunna, was considered his chariot driver. Frans Wiggermann notes that his name and character (as well as these of other well attested sukka... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamash |
Erasistratus | Erasistratus is frequently mentioned in historical documents with other significant figures of both his time period of the 3rd and 4th century BC and afterwards thanks to his accomplishments and advancements in the field of medicine. The most prominent person he is referenced with from when he was living was that of He... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasistratus |
2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict | The Kurdish Peshmerga ignored a deadline given by the Iraqi Government to withdraw from disputed areas by 15 October 2017. This led to Iraqi central government forces retaking Kirkuk and its province the next day. Within 15 hours, the city of Kirkuk and the nearby K-1 Air Base, along with surrounding oilfields, were re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict |
Murji'ah | The emergence of the Murji'ah is not attributed to a single founding figure, but to the thought of a collection of figures, including Jahm ibn Safwan, Abu Hanifa, and others.
It is broadly agreed among historians that the Murji'ah group emerged in the aftermath of the Shiite revolt in Kufa by al-Mukhtar. Muslims, for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murji%27ah |
Acheulean | The primary innovation associated with Acheulean hand-axes is that the stone was worked symmetrically and on both sides. For the latter reason, handaxes are, along with cleavers, bifacially worked tools that could be manufactured from the large flakes themselves or from prepared cores.
Tool types found in Acheulean ass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acheulean |
Hermann Burchardt | During Burchardt's stays in Germany, he lectured at the Berlin Geographical Society. His lectures were partly published in the journal of the Society.
Hermann Burchardt, Von den Juden des Jemen [Of the Jews of Yemen], Berlin 1913 (post-mortem)
Hermann Burchardt, August Fischer (ed.): Arabische und persische Handschrif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Burchardt |
Angel | According to mainstream Christian theology, angels are wholly spiritual beings and therefore do not eat, excrete or have sex, and have no gender. Although their different roles, such as warriors for some archangels, may suggest a human gender, Christian artists were careful not to given them specific gender attributes,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel |
Near East | The term Middle East as a noun and adjective was common in the 19th century in nearly every context except diplomacy and archaeology. An uncountable number of places appear to have had their middle easts from gardens to regions, including the United States. The innovation of the term Near East to mean the holdings of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East |
Tourism in Somalia | North
Aluula – Former capital of the Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia).
Bargal – Former seasonal capital of the Majeerteen Sultanate. Features the ruins of one of the castles of King Osman Mahamuud.
Bosaso-The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea indicates that ancient Greek merchants sailed to Bosaso, providing notes about... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Somalia |
Muhammad | Muhammad's life is traditionally defined into two periods: pre-hijra (emigration) in Mecca (from 570 to 622), and post-hijra in Medina (from 622 until 632). Muhammad is said to have had thirteen wives in total (although two have ambiguous accounts, Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyya, as wife or concubine).
At the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad |
Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction | H.G. Wells adapted his novel The Shape of Things to Come (1933) into the movie Things to Come (1936). In the movie, England is reduced to rubble by a prolonged conventional, chemical, and biological war. Survivors are depicted living under the rule of a local warlord who raids his neighbors in an attempt to get his fle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction |
Women in Islam | While Islam has sometimes been lauded for a historically more progressive portrayal of women, there are differing viewpoints on the fairness of its personal status laws and criminal code as they pertain to women. Islam's patriarchal values continue to be a subject of debate, with the understanding that these values exh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Islam |
Eschatology | The Buddha described his teachings disappearing five thousand years from when he preached them, corresponding approximately to the year 4300 since he was born in 623 BCE. At this time, knowledge of dharma will be lost as well. The last of his relics will be gathered in Bodh Gaya and cremated. There will be a new era in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschatology |
University of al-Qarawiyyin | The original mosque building was built in the 9th century. A major modern study of the mosque's structure, published by French archeologist and historian Henri Terrasse in 1968, determined that traces of the original mosque could be found in the layout of the current building.: 10 This initial form of the mosque occup... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_al-Qarawiyyin |
Jewish Agency for Israel | The Jewish Agency Executive is charged with administering the operations of the Jewish Agency, subject to the control of the board of governors. It has 26 members, of which 24 are chosen by the board of governors. The executive is composed in the following manner: 12 members designated by WZO and 12 members designated ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel |
Iraqi chemical weapons program | On September 22, 1980, Iraq launched an invasion against Iran, marking the beginning of the eight-year Iran–Iraq War. The Iraqi army, trained and influenced by Soviet advisors, had organic chemical warfare units and a wide variety of delivery systems. Neither side achieved dominance and the war quickly became a stalema... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_chemical_weapons_program |
Islamic architecture | East African architecture lacks some features typical of Islamic architecture, such as the construction of hammams. Historic mosques were generally rectangular in plan, lacked courtyards, and featured side rooms. Along the East African coast, common construction materials included coral stone, sundried bricks, and lime... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_architecture |
Kefaya | While Kefaya first emerged in 2004, its origins can be found in earlier strands of political protest, beginning with the solidarity committees that spread throughout Egypt following the start of the Second Intifada in October 2000. The pro-Intifada demonstrations were particularly notable as they involved a new generat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kefaya |
Naskh (tafsir) | Scholars have proposed some limits on the application of abrogation.
Naskh concerns itself with only revelations pertaining to positive laws — commandments (amr) or prohibitions (nahy).) In Tabarī's words:
God alters what was once declared lawful into unlawful, or vice-versa; what was legally unregulated into prohibit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naskh_(tafsir) |
Khalid ibn al-Walid | Athamina, Khalil (1994). "The Appointment and Dismissal of Khālid b. al-Walīd from the Supreme Command: A Study of the Political Strategy of the Early Muslim Caliphs in Syria". Arabica. 41 (2): 253–272. doi:10.1163/157005894X00191. JSTOR 4057449.
Blackburn, Richard (2005). Journey to the Sublime Porte: The Arabic Memoi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid |
Vasco da Gama | Vasco da Gama left Calicut on 29 August 1498. Eager to set sail for home, he ignored the local knowledge of monsoon wind patterns that were still blowing onshore. The fleet initially inched north along the Indian coast, and then anchored in at Anjediva island for a spell. They finally struck out for their Indian Ocean ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama |
Politics of the Comoros | In a separate nod to pressure to restore civilian rule, the government organized several committees to compose a new constitution, including the August 2000 National Congress and November 2000 Tripartite Commission. The opposition parties initially refused to participate in the Tripartite Commission, but on 17 February... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_Comoros |
1966 Syrian coup d'état | Cohesive internal unity had all but collapsed after the 1963 seizure of power; Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Din al-Bitar, and their followers wanted to implement "classic" Ba'athism in the sense that they wanted to establish a loose union with Nasser's Egypt, implement a moderate form of socialism, and to have a one-party st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat |
Piracy off the coast of Somalia | Some benefits from the piracy have also been noted. In the earlier years of the phenomenon in 2008, it was reported that many local residents in pirate hubs such as Harardhere appreciated the rejuvenating effect that the pirates' on-shore spending and restocking had on their small towns, a presence which often provided... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia |
Obelisk | Around 30 BCE, Rome seized control of Egypt and looted the various temple complexes; in one case they destroyed walls at the Temple of Karnak to haul them out. There are now more than twice as many obelisks that were seized and shipped out by Rome as remain in Egypt. The majority were dismantled during the Roman period... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obelisk |
Amr ibn al-As | After Ali's victory against al-Zubayr, Talha and A'isha at the Battle of the Camel in Iraq, Mu'awiya, who maintained his opposition to Ali, became the focus of the Caliph's attention. Mu'awiya summoned Amr to discuss an alliance against Ali. In the ensuing negotiations, Amr pressed Mu'awiya for lifetime possession of E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amr_ibn_al-As |
Bullfighting | In the late 19th and early 20th century, some Spanish regeneracionista intellectuals protested against what they called the policy of pan y toros ("bread and bulls"), an analogue of Roman panem et circenses. Such belief was part of the wider current of thought known as anti-flamenquismo, a campaign against the populari... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullfighting |
Arabic music | In the early 20th century, Egypt was the first in a series of Arab countries to experience a sudden emergence of nationalism, as it became independent after 2000 years of foreign rule. Any English, French or European songs got replaced by national Egyptian music. Cairo became a center for musical innovation.
Female sin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_music |
Ashik | İlhan Başgöz was the first to introduce the word hikaye into the academic literature to describe ashik stories. According to Başgöz, hikaye cannot properly be included in any of the folk narrative classification systems presently used by Western scholars. Though prose narrative is dominant in a hikaye, it also includes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashik |
God in Abrahamic religions | In Islam, God (Allah) (Arabic: ٱللَّٰه, romanized: Allāh, IPA: [ɑɫˈɫɑː(h)] , lit. "the God") is the supreme being, all-powerful and all-knowing creator, sustainer, ordainer, and judge of the universe. Islam puts a heavy emphasis on the conceptualization of God as strictly singular (tawhid). He is considered to be uniq... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions |
Caliphate | The following hadith from Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal can be understood to prophesy two eras of the caliphate (both on the lines/precepts of prophethood).
Hadhrat Huzaifa narrated that the Messenger of Allah said: Prophethood will remain among you as long as Allah wills. Then Caliphate (Khilafah) on the lines of Prophetho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate |
Mali Empire | The Mali Empire covered a larger area for a longer period of time than any other West African state before or since. What made this possible was the decentralised nature of administration throughout the state. According to Burkinabé writer Joseph Ki-Zerbo, the farther a person travelled from the capital, the more decen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_Empire |
Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha | In July 1927, Sarwat found himself unexpectedly negotiating with the British. Following the resolution of the Army crisis, Sarwat was politically in a stronger position and the British Foreign office wanted to take this opportunity to negotiate a treaty with a moderate Egyptian Government, which would safeguard British... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Khalek_Sarwat_Pasha |
History of Islamism | Various Islamist political groups are dominant forces in the political systems of Afghanistan, Iran and Iraq.
The Green Algeria Alliance is an Islamist coalition of political parties, created for the legislative election of 2012 in Algeria. It includes the Movement of Society for Peace (Hamas), Islamic Renaissance Move... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islamism |
United States Agency for International Development | Foreign aid has always operated within the framework of U.S. foreign policy and the organizational linkages between the Department of State and USAID have been reviewed on many occasions.
In 1978, legislation drafted at the request of Senator Hubert Humphrey was introduced to create a Cabinet-level International Develo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development |
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist | There is a wide spectrum of viewpoints among Ja'fari (the Twelver Shia school of law) scholars about how much power wilāyat al-faqīh should have. At the minimal end, scholars
restrict the scope of the doctrine to non-litigious matters (al-omour al-hesbiah), people or things in Islamic society that lack a guardian ov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist |
Bashar al-Assad | In order to promote their image and media-portrayal overseas, Bashar al-Assad and his wife Asma al-Assad hired U.S. and UK based PR firms and consultants. In particular, these secured photoshoots for Asma al-Assad with fashion and celebrity magazines, including Vogue's March 2011 "A Rose in the Desert". These firms inc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad |
Sheep | Sheep are an important part of the global agricultural economy. However, their once vital status has been largely replaced by other livestock species, especially the pig, chicken, and cow. China, Australia, India, and Iran have the largest modern flocks, and serve both local and exportation needs for wool and mutton. O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep |
Fascist architecture | Fascist styles of architecture are a branch of modernist architecture which became popular in the early 20th century. The Italian Fascist style was also greatly influenced by the rationalist movement in Italy in the 1920s. Rationalist architecture, with the help of Italian government support, celebrated the new fascist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascist_architecture |
Beni Hasan | Provincial governors in the Middle Kingdom continued to be buried in decorated rock-cut tombs in their local cemeteries, carried over from the First Intermediate Period, at sites such as Beni Hasan.: 101 There is evidence of a reorganization of the system of government during the 12th Dynasty. During the First Interme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beni_Hasan |
English Tangier | Before the treaty with Portugal and marriage to Catherine was announced at Charles's coronation on 8 May 1661, Admiral Sir Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich was commissioned to bring Catherine over to England. The corsair fleet of Algiers was a growing problem. Montagu was instructed, by negotiation or by bombardmen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Tangier |
Battle of Khafji | During the battle, Coalition forces incurred 43 fatalities and 52 injured casualties. This included 25 Americans killed, 11 of them by friendly fire along with 14 airmen killed when their AC-130 was shot down by Iraqi SAMs. The U.S. also had two soldiers wounded and another two soldiers were captured in Khafji.
Saudi A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khafji |
Haditha massacre | Five Iraqi men, a taxi driver and four teenagers, were ordered out of their car and shot dead in the street, principally by Staff Sgt. Frank Wuterich. After their deaths, Lt. William T. Kallop, according to his statements to investigators, arrived on the scene. Kallop and others reported taking small-arms fire, which t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haditha_massacre |
Yemeni revolution | In January 2011, shortly after the popular ouster of the Tunisian government, major street protests materialized in Sanaʽa, the Yemeni capital, to demand governmental changes. Protests spread to the traditionally restive south, with particularly aggressive protests in cities like Aden and Ta'izz. Initially, demonstrato... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_revolution |
History of painting | Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Ellsworth Kelly, Barnett Newman, Ronald Davis, Neil Williams, Robert Mangold, Charles Hinman, Richard Tuttle, David Novros, and Al Loving are examples of artists associated with the use of the shaped canvas during the period beginning in the early 1960s. Many Geometric abstract artists, mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_painting |
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