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Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region | Like Marxists, Syrian Ba'athist ideologues viewed religion as a tool used by traditional elites to oppress the weaker sections of the society and reinforce their conservative social order. Anti-religious propaganda has been a common ideological theme in the literature published by Syrian Ba'ath party. Militant seculari... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region |
History of the Middle Eastern people in Metro Detroit | The first Chaldeans arrived in the early 1900s, taking jobs in the automobile industry. The first large Chaldean-Assyrian immigration wave to Detroit was in the 1920s as a result of the Assyrian genocide; by 1953, there were 300 Chaldean Catholic families in Detroit. However, the majority of the Chaldean population set... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_Eastern_people_in_Metro_Detroit |
2014 Gaza War | The IDF has released photographs which it says show civilians on rooftops, and a video of Hamas spokesperson Sami Abu Zuhri saying "the fact that people are willing to sacrifice themselves against Israeli warplanes in order to protect their homes [...] is proving itself". The EU has strongly condemned "calls on the civ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Gaza_War |
Abd Allah ibn Saba' | In traditional Shia sources, Abd Allah ibn Saba' is viewed as an extremist (Ghali) that was cursed and killed by Ali ibn Abi Talib (1st Shia Imam), and cursed by Ali ibn Husayn (4th Shia Imam), Muhammad al-Baqir (5th Shia Imam) and Ja'far al-Sadiq (6th Shia Imam). Nevertheless, Ibn Sabaʾ became the subject of a traditi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Saba%27 |
Al-Biruni | Biruni's fame as an Indologist rests primarily on two texts. Biruni wrote an encyclopedic work on India called Taḥqīq mā li-l-Hind min maqūlah maqbūlah fī al-ʿaql aw mardhūlah (variously translated as Verifying All That the Indians Recount, the Reasonable and the Unreasonable, or The book confirming what pertains to In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Biruni |
Macedonia (ancient kingdom) | By the reign of Archelaus I in the 5th century BC, the ancient Macedonian elite was importing customs and artistic traditions from other regions of Greece while retaining more archaic, perhaps Homeric, funerary rites connected with the symposium that were typified by items such as the decorative metal kraters that held... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom) |
Hafsid dynasty | A year later, in 1229, al-Ma'mun officially renounced Almohad doctrine. Abu Zakariya used this as a pretext to repudiate his authority and to declare himself independent. By this point, Al-Ma'mun did not have the means to stop him or to reassert control over Ifriqiya.: 119 Initially, Abu Zakariya had his name mentione... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafsid_dynasty |
Horses in Sudan | Sudan has the largest population of domestic livestock (cattle, goats, camels, donkeys, sheep, etc.) in all of Africa, with the domestic donkey being much more present than the horse. Based on figures provided by the Sudanese government in 2009, R. Trevor Wilson estimates, in his study of domestic livestock in Sudan (i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses_in_Sudan |
National Liberation Front (Algeria) | The war for independence continued until March 1962, when the French government finally signed the Évian Accords, a ceasefire agreement with the FLN. In July of the same year, the Algerian people approved the cease-fire agreement with France in a referendum, supporting economic and social cooperation between the two co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria) |
Shia Islam | The history of Shia–Sunnī relations has often involved religious discrimination, persecution, and violence, dating back to the earliest development of the two competing sects.
At various times throughout the history of Islam, Shia groups and minorities have faced persecution perpetrated by Sunnī Muslims.
Militarily est... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam |
Cleopatra | Cleopatra was depicted in various ancient works of art, in the Egyptian as well as Hellenistic-Greek and Roman styles. Surviving works include statues, busts, reliefs, and minted coins, as well as ancient carved cameos, such as one depicting Cleopatra and Antony in Hellenistic style, now in the Altes Museum, Berlin. Co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra |
Ottoman Egypt | By the 18th century, the importance of the pasha was superseded by that of the Mameluk beys; two offices, those of Shaykh al-Balad and Amir al-hajj—which were held by Mamluks—represented the real headship of the community. The process by which this came about is obscure, owing to the want of good chronicles for the Tur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Egypt |
Kaaba | The Kaaba has been repaired and reconstructed many times. The structure was severely damaged by a fire on 3 Rabi' I 64 AH (Sunday 31 October 683 CE), during the first siege of Mecca in 683 in the war between the Umayyads and 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, an early Muslim who ruled Mecca for many years between the death of ʿA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaba |
Canaan | Ann Killebrew has shown that cities such as Jerusalem were large and important walled settlements in the pre-Israelite
Middle Bronze IIB and the Israelite Iron Age IIC period (c. 1800–1550 and c. 720–586 BC), but that during the intervening Late Bronze (LB) and Iron Age I and IIA/B Ages sites like Jerusalem were small ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan |
Hasmonean dynasty | The author of the First Book of Maccabees regarded the Maccabean revolt as a rising of pious Jews against the Seleucid king who had tried to eradicate their religion and against the Jews who supported him. The author of the Second Book of Maccabees presented the conflict as a struggle between "Judaism" and "Hellenism",... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty |
Said bin Sultan | Said had 36 children:
Sayyid Sultan bin Said al-Said (c. 1815–1851): an alcoholic, according to Ruete (Ch. 15), he left three sons, Saud, Faisal, and Muhammed
Sayyid Khalid bin Said al-Said (c. 1819–1854)
Sayyid Thuwaini bin Said al-Said (also called Tueni) (−1866): Sultan of Muscat and Oman, 1856–1866
Sayyid Muhamma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_bin_Sultan |
Fatimid Caliphate | As the military viziers effectively became heads of state, the Caliph himself was reduced to the role of a figurehead. The reliance on the Iqta system also ate into Fatimid central authority, as more and more the military officers at the further ends of the empire became semi-independent.
Badr al-Jamali died in 1094 (a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate |
Lute | Curt Sachs defined lute in the terminology section of The History of Musical Instruments as "composed of a body, and of a neck which serves both as a handle and as a means of stretching the strings beyond the body". His definition focused on body and neck characteristics and not on the way the strings were sounded, so ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lute |
2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team | Australia – Prime Minister Kevin Rudd also condemned the attack on the Sri Lankan cricket team, calling it "shameful and cowardly". He demanded answers from Pakistan after claims that police left Australians travelling with Sri Lanka's cricket team in the lurch as the bus was attacked. "I am sufficiently concerned abou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_attack_on_the_Sri_Lanka_national_cricket_team |
Ancient Carthage | Following Carthage's destruction, Rome established Africa Proconsularis, its first province in Africa, which roughly corresponded to Carthaginian territory. Utica, which had allied itself with Rome during the final war, was granted tax privileges and made the regional capital, subsequently becoming the leading center o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Carthage |
Alchemy | Dylan M. Burns, " μίξεώς τινι τέχνῃ κρείττονι : Alchemical Metaphor in the Paraphrase of Shem (NHC VII,1) ", Aries 15 (2015), p. 79–106.
Alberto Camplani, " Procedimenti magico-alchemici e discorso filosofico ermetico " in Giuliana Lanata (ed.), Il Tardoantico alle soglie del Duemila, ETS, 2000, p. 73–98.
Alberto Campl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemy |
History of Islamism | In the 1950s, 1960s, and most of the 1970s, Western countries sometimes attempted to take advantage of Islamic revival fervour to use it as a weapon against lefist adversaries, based on the assumption that whatever differences they had with pious Muslims, leftists and especially the Marxist-Leninist movement was a st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islamism |
Modern history of Yemen | Haydar Abu Bakr Al-Attas, the former PDRY Prime Minister continued to serve as the ROY Prime Minister, but his government was ineffective due to political infighting. Continuous negotiations between northern and southern leaders resulted in the signing of the document of pledge and accord in Amman, Jordan on 20 Februar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_history_of_Yemen |
Dassault Rafale | In April 2005, the Air Force received its first three F2 standard Rafale Bs at the Centre d'Expériences Aériennes Militaires (CEAM, i.e. the Military Air Experiment Centre) at Mont-de-Marsan, where they were tasked to undertake operational evaluation and pilot conversion training. By this time, it was expected that Esc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dassault_Rafale |
Hellenistic period | The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255 and 246 BC, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of present-day Afghanistan), one Diodotus, took this process to its logic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_period |
Ptolemaic Kingdom | Ptolemaic art was produced during the reign of the Ptolemaic Rulers (304–30 BC), and was concentrated primarily within the bounds of the Ptolemaic Empire. At first, artworks existed separately in either the Egyptian or the Hellenistic style, but over time, these characteristics began to combine. The continuation of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom |
Fez, Morocco | Up until the 19th century, the al-Qarawiyyin dominated the intellectual life of the city and of the country around it. Literature was focused on religious scholarship, philosophy, and poetry.: 475–476 The city's largest library was located at the Qarawiyyin Mosque, while others were attached to other major mosques. Un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez,_Morocco |
Freedom of religion in Sudan | Although the government generally does not vigorously enforce its strictest restrictions on religious freedom, it tends not to respect religious plurality in the north. The GoSS generally respects religious freedom in practice, and pursued policies that contributed to the generally free practice of religion during the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sudan |
Southeastern Anatolia Project | The initial idea and decision to utilize the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers came from Atatürk, the founder of the Republic. During the one party era, the need for electrical energy was a priority issue. The Electricity Studies Administration was founded in 1936 to investigate how rivers in the country could ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_Project |
Nabataean Kingdom | The literate Nabataeans left no lengthy historical texts. However, thousands of inscriptions have been found in their settlements, including graffiti and on minted coins. The Nabataeans appear in historical records from the fourth century BC, although there seems to be evidence of their existence before that time. Aram... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom |
BP | The British government sold 80 million shares of BP at $7.58 in 1979, as part of Thatcher-era privatisation. This sale represented slightly more than 5% of BP's total shares and reduced the government's ownership of the company to 46%. On 19 October 1987, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher authorised the sale of an addit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BP |
Egypt in World War II | Despite not supplying troops on the frontlines, the Egyptian government were a key supporter of the British government during the war. The Egyptian government constructed the military barracks for the British troops, at the cost of 12 million Egyptian Pounds (EP), and fortifications and defense lines at 45,000,000 EP.
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_in_World_War_II |
Mandaeism | Buckley, Jorunn J. (2002). The Mandaeans: Ancient Texts and Modern People. New York: Oxford University Press.
Buckley, Jorunn J. (2005). The Great Stem of Souls: Reconstruction Mandaean History. Piscataway: Gorgias Press.
Chwolsohn, Daniel (1856). Die Ssabier und die Ssabismus. Vols. 1–2. St. Petersburg: Kaiserlichen A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaeism |
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region | Since the end of the Cold War and fall of the Soviet Bloc in the 1990s, the official ideological paradigm of the Ba'athist dogma in Syria has been described as foundering. Despite decades of one-party rule that has lasted longer than the period of independent Syria (1946–1963); Ba'athist ideology itself has not gained ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region |
History of Islam | According to Ottoman historiography, the legitimation of a ruler is attributed to Sheikh Edebali who interpreted a dream of Osman Gazi as God's legitimation of his reign. Since Murad I's conquest of Edirne in 1362, the caliphate was claimed by the Turkish sultans of the empire. During the period of Ottoman growth, clai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam |
Dassault Rafale | In December 2000, the French Naval Aviation (Aéronavale), the air arm of the French Navy, received its first two Rafale M fighters. On 18 May the following year, the squadron Flottille 12F, which had previously operated the F-8 Crusader, became the first squadron to operate the Rafale after it was officially re-activat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dassault_Rafale |
Fidel Castro | Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was born out of wedlock at his father's farm on 13 August 1926. His father, Ángel Castro y Argiz, a veteran of the Spanish–American War, was a migrant to Cuba from Galicia, in the northwest of Spain. He had become financially successful by growing sugarcane at Las Manacas farm in Birán, then ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro |
Anwar Sadat | The last months of Sadat's presidency were marked by internal uprising. Sadat dismissed allegations that the rioting was incited by domestic issues, believing that the Soviet Union was recruiting its regional allies in Libya and Syria to incite an uprising that would eventually force him out of power. Following a faile... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat |
Sharia | According to the classical doctrine, apostasy from Islam is a crime as well as a sin, and can be punished with the death penalty, typically after a waiting period to allow the apostate time to repent and to return to Islam. Wael Hallaq writes that "[in] a culture whose lynchpin is religion, religious principles and rel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia |
United Arab Emirates | Islam is the largest and the official state religion of the United Arab Emirates. The government follows a policy of tolerance toward other religions and rarely interferes in the religious activities of non-Muslims.
There are more Sunni than Shia Muslims in the United Arab Emirates, and 85% of the Emirati population ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates |
Ibn al-Haytham | Alhazen made significant contributions to optics, number theory, geometry, astronomy and natural philosophy. Alhazen's work on optics is credited with contributing a new emphasis on experiment.
His main work, Kitab al-Manazir (Book of Optics), was known in the Muslim world mainly, but not exclusively, through the thirt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham |
History of the Jews in Iraq | Early Labor Zionism mostly concentrated on the Jews of Europe, skipping Iraqi Jews because of their lack of interest in agriculture. The result was that "Until World War II, Zionism made little headway because few Iraqi Jews were interested in the socialist ideal of manual labor in Palestine."
During the British Mandat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq |
Uday Hussein | In 1984, after Uday graduated from university, Saddam appointed him chairman of the Iraqi Olympic Committee and the Iraq Football Association. In the former role, he tortured athletes who failed to win. According to Latif Yahia, Uday's alleged body double, "The word that defines him is sadistic. I think Saddam Hussein ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uday_Hussein |
Al-Nawawi | During his life of 45 years he wrote "at least fifty books" on Islamic studies and other topics. Some scholar counted pages he written and calculated that he wrote 40+ pages daily from age 18 till his death. Some his writings is still reached vastly as no author has superseded him in those writing. These include:
Al M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nawawi |
Israel–Hamas war | Israeli forces raided al-Shifa hospital again between 18 March – 1 April. The IDF clashed with Hamas in the area. Israeli forces killed Faiq al-Mabhouh, who they said was head of the operations directorate of Hamas' internal security service. Hamas said al-Mabhouh was in charge of civil law enforcement and had been eng... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war |
Islamic architecture | The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) combined elements of Byzantine architecture and Sasanian architecture, but Umayyad architecture introduced new combinations of these styles. The reuse of elements from classical Roman and Byzantine art was still widely evident because political power and patronage was centered in Syria, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_architecture |
Urfa | In the Ottoman period, Urfa was a center of commerce because of its location at a crossroads with Diyarbakır, Antep, Mardin, and Raqqa.: 292 Many Jewish, Armenian, and Greek merchants were present in Urfa, especially from Aleppo.: 292
James Silk Buckingham visited Urfa in 1816 and ended up stuck there for a while bec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urfa |
Asoristan | During the Achaemenid (550–330 BCE) and Parthian Empires (150 BCE – 225 CE), Achaemenid Assyria had been known by the Old Persian name Athura. Asōristān, Middle Persian "land of Assyria", was the capital province of the Sasanian Empire and was called Dil-ī Ērānshahr, meaning "Heart of Iran". The city of Ctesiphon serve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asoristan |
Second Intifada | On 28 September, Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon and a Likud party delegation guarded by hundreds of Israeli riot police visited the Temple Mount, which is widely considered the third holiest site in Islam. Israel has claimed sovereignty over the Mount and the rest of East Jerusalem since 1980, and the compound ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada |
African humid period | Whether the drying happened everywhere at the same time and whether it took place in centuries or millennia is unclear in part due to disagreeing recordsand has led to controversy, and such a disagreement on timing also exists with respect to the expected vegetation changes. Marine cores usually indicate an abrupt chan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_humid_period |
Humayun's Tomb | Tomb and mosque of Isa Khan: Several monuments dot the pathway leading up to the tomb enclosure from the main entrance in the West. Prominent among them is one that pre-dates the main tomb itself, by twenty years. Constructed in 1547 CE, it is the tomb complex of Isa Khan Niyazi, an Afghan noble in Sher Shah Suri's cou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb |
Mamluk Sultanate | The Mamluk sultans followed the Ayyubids in using yellow as the official colour associated with the sultan and used on sultanic banners. Baybars is said to have noted the yellow colour of his banners in opposition to the red banners of Bohemund VI. After Selim II conquered Damascus in 1516, a contemporary writer, Ibn T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate |
State Security Law in Bahrain | The former government of Bahrain developed a pattern of systemic human rights violations against citizens who raised demands for the reinstitution of the national constitution and the reconvening of the National Assembly, both of which were abolished under the State Security Law. Arbitrary arrests, coerced “confession... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Security_Law_in_Bahrain |
Saudi Arabia | There is evidence that human habitation in the Arabian Peninsula dates back to about 125000 years ago. A 2011 study found that the first modern humans to spread east across Asia left Africa about 75000 years ago across the Bab-el-Mandeb connecting the Horn of Africa and Arabia. The Arabian Peninsula is regarded as cent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia |
Mu'tazilism | Mu'tazila relied on a synthesis between reason and revelation. That is, their rationalism operated in the service of scripture and Islamic theological framework. They, as the majority of Muslim jurist-theologians, validated allegorical readings of scripture whenever necessary. Justice ʿAbd al-Jabbar (935–1025) said in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilism |
Seljuk Empire | Much of the ideological character of the Seljuk Empire was derived from the earlier Samanid and Ghaznavid kingdoms, which had in turn emerged from the Perso-Islamic imperial system of the Abbasid caliphate. This Perso-Islamic tradition was based on pre-Islamic Iranian ideas of kingship molded into an Islamic framework.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_Empire |
Tyre, Lebanon | An accurate statistical accounting is not possible, since the government of Lebanon has released only rough estimates of population numbers since 1932. However, a 2016 calculation by UN HABITAT estimated a figure of 201,208 inhabitants, many of them refugees:
The Lebanese nationality population of Tyre is predominantly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon |
Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir | Although the JIJK questioned Indian control over the state it adopted a flexible attitude towards participating in the elections which were held under the framework of the Indian Constitution. This was a tactical compromise as JIJK wanted to employ democratic means to expand its influence and prepare for the gradual ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Kashmir |
M1 Abrams | The Abrams remained untested in combat until the Gulf War in 1991, during Operation Desert Storm. The first Abrams tanks to arrive in Saudi Arabia in August 1990 in the buildup to the war were M1 and IPM1 tanks with 105 mm guns. All but two battalions of 105 mm gun Abrams tanks were replaced by M1A1 tanks prior to the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Abrams |
Houthi movement | In general, the Houthi movement has centered its belief system on the Zaydi branch of Islam, a sect of Islam almost exclusively present in Yemen. Zaydis make up about 25 percent of the population, Sunnis make up 75 percent. Zaydi-led governments ruled Yemen for 1,000 years up until 1962. Since its foundation, the Houth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_movement |
Second Sahrawi Intifada | Demonstrations began on 21 May 2005 in El Aaiún, after relatives protesting the transfer of a Sahrawi prisoner accused of drug dealing and insulting the Moroccan monarchy to a prison in Agadir were violently dispersed by police, provoking further demonstrations over the next several days. Protests spread by the end of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sahrawi_Intifada |
Haratin | Haratin in Morocco are mostly concentrated in the southern part of the Drâa-Tafilalet region, specifically towns such as Zagora where they make up a significant portion of the populace.
Haratin have been the slave strata of the Moroccan society through its recorded history. They were owned in every town and farming ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haratin |
Albert Memmi | Memmi was born in Tunis, French Tunisia in December 1920, one of 13 children of Tunisian Jewish Berber Maïra (or Marguerite) Sarfati and Tunisian-Italian Jewish Fradji (or Fraji, or François) Memmi, a saddle maker. He grew up speaking French and Tunisian-Judeo-Arabic. During the Nazi occupation of Tunisia, Memmi was im... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Memmi |
Iraq War troop surge of 2007 | Counterinsurgency strategy in Iraq changed significantly under the command of General Petraeus since the 2007 troop surge began. The newer approach attempted to win the hearts and minds of the Iraqi people through building relationships, preventing civilian casualties and compromising with and even hiring some former e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007 |
Rum (endonym) | The Greek (Ῥώμη), Middle Persian (hrōm), Parthian (frwm) versions of Rūm are found on the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht, a monument declaring Shapur I's victory over Marcus Antonius Gordianus. The inscriptions on the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht date from around 262 AD.
Rûm is found in the pre-Islamic Namara inscription and later in the Qura... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rum_(endonym) |
Dome of the Rock | The location of the Dome of the Rock is believed by many Muslims to be the site mentioned in Sura 17 of the Qur'an, which tells the story of the Isra and Mi'raj, the mythical Night Journey of Muhammad from the Great Mosque of Mecca to the Masjid Al-Aqsa ("the farthest place of prayer") where he prayed, and then to visi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock |
Isma'ilism | Isma'ilism has some difference. The Nizari Ismaili Muslims are strongly encouraged to pray what is known as the Du'a (a specific Nizari Ismaili prayer) three times a day. Salah in other forms are not obligatory, but Ismailis can offer them as well.
Zakat or charity in Isma'ilism resembles the Zakat of other Muslims. Al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isma%27ilism |
Abdullah of Saudi Arabia | In November 2007, Abdullah visited Pope Benedict XVI in the Apostolic Palace, being first Saudi monarch to do so. In March 2008, he called for a "brotherly and sincere dialogue between believers from all religions".
In June 2008, Abdullah held a conference in Mecca to urge Muslim leaders to speak with one voice with J... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia |
Abbasid Caliphate | The Abbasid period saw a large fashion development throughout its existence. While the development of fashion began during the Umayyad period, its genuine cosmopolitan styles and influence were realized at their finest during Abbasid rule. Fashion was a thriving industry during the Abbasid period that was also strictly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate |
Fidel Castro | Castro proclaimed himself to be "a Socialist, a Marxist, and a Leninist", and publicly identified as a Marxist–Leninist from December 1961 onward. As a Marxist, Castro sought to transform Cuba from a capitalist state to a socialist society and ultimately to a communist society. Influenced by Guevara, he suggested that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro |
Numayrid dynasty | Shabib died without an adult heir in 1039/40, and as a result, Numayrid territory was split between his brothers Muta'in and Qawam, who jointly held Harran and Raqqa, and a certain Hasan, apparently a son of Shabib, who ruled Saruj. Shabib's death saw the start of a long feud between the Banu Numayr and Banu Kilab over... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numayrid_dynasty |
Somali people | Research shows that Somalis have a mixture of a type of native African ancestry unique and autochthonous to the Horn of Africa, as well as ancestry originating from a non-African back-migration. According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_people |
Iranian Revolution | The Carter administration increasingly became locked in a debate about continued support for the monarchy. As early as November, ambassador William Sullivan sent a telegram to Carter (the "Thinking the Unthinkable" telegram). The telegram effectively declared his belief that the Shah would not survive the protests and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution |
Dir (clan) | Ahmed Shide, current minister of finance of Ethiopia.
Abdi Hassan Buni, politician, minister of British Somaliland and first deputy prime minister of the Somali Republic.
Abdi Ismail Samatar, Somali scholar, writer and professor.
Ahmad-Naaji Ibrahim Bakal, Charge d’ Affaires a.i. of the League of Arab States in South A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dir_(clan) |
Cave of the Patriarchs | The caves under the enclosure are not themselves generally accessible; the waqf have historically prevented access to the actual tombs out of respect for the dead. Only two entrances are known to exist, the most visible of which is located to the immediate southeast of Abraham's cenotaph on the inside of the southeaste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs |
Middle Ages | The Viking settlement in the British Isles led to the formation of new political entities, including the small (but militant) Kingdom of Dublin in Ireland. The Anglo-Saxon king Alfred the Great (r. 871–99) reached an agreement with Danish invaders in 879, acknowledging the existence of an independent Viking realm in Br... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages |
Tétouan | Since a few decades, and because of the proximity of the city to the Spanish enclave of Ceuta, many people have been relying on contraband activities. Residents of Tétouan do not need a visa to enter Ceuta. Before the 1990s, no passport was needed and a Moroccan ID card was sufficient. In recent years, the border has k... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9touan |
Banū Mūsā brothers | Bennison, Amira K. (2009). The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-03001-5-227-2.
Bir, Atilla (1990). The Book "Kitab Al-Hiyal" of Banu Musa Bin Shakir, interpreted in Sense of Modern System and Control Engineering. Istanbul: Research Centre for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%C5%AB_M%C5%ABs%C4%81_brothers |
Rawabi | One problem was that the West Bank lacked a traditional mortgage system. To that end, the development was linked to a $500m affordable mortgage scheme. The Washington Post reports that Rawabi "is specifically designed for upwardly mobile families of a sort that in the United States might gravitate to places such as Res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawabi |
Salafi movement | Contemporary proponents of the Athari school of theology largely come from the Salafi movement; they uphold the Athari works of Ibn Taymiyya. Ibn Taymiyya himself, a disputed and partly rejected scholar during his lifetime, became a major scholar among followers of the Salafi movement credited with the title Shaykh al-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement |
1977 Egyptian bread riots | The origins of the riots lay in the people's dissatisfaction with Anwar Sadat's government and Sadat's will to conform to start economic relations with the West. The legacies of Gamal Abdel Nasser's "moral economy" were still very present in Egypt after his death. Sadat followed his footsteps and tried to implement the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Egyptian_bread_riots |
Jewish Agency for Israel | At the February 2010 Board of Governors meeting, Natan Sharansky announced a shift in the priorities of the Jewish Agency from Aliyah to strengthening Jewish identity for young adults around the world.
From 1948 until 2009, the Jewish Agency was organized into departments: the Aliyah and Absorption department, which wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel |
Royal Bahraini Air Force | The Bahrain Defence Force, which itself was formed in 1968, just before the country became independent from United Kingdom in 1971, first organized an air wing in May 1976 at Riffa Air Base, which received its first aircraft, four Bo 105 helicopters, in February 1977. This occurred after Bahrain sent the air wing's fut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Bahraini_Air_Force |
Terrorism in Yemen | On May 5, 2011, a missile fired from a US drone killed Abdullah and Mosaad Mubarak, brothers who may have been al-Qaeda militants. The missile struck their car, and both died instantly. The strike intended to kill al-Qaeda propagandist Anwar al-Awlaki, but he was not hit in the strike.
On June 3, 2011, American manned ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_Yemen |
Green building | The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) category in LEED standards, one of the five environmental categories, was created to provide comfort, well-being, and productivity of occupants. The LEED IEQ category addresses design and construction guidelines especially: indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal quality, and lighting q... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_building |
Badakhshan | The mountain districts comprise all of the southern districts of Badakhshan and the northern hills and valleys of Nuristan (former Kafiristan).Its terrain is analogous to that of the rest of the Hindu Kush to the west. The Hindu Kush represents the southern edge of a great central upheaval or plateau. It breaks up into... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badakhshan |
Education in Yemen | According to Yemen's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2002, basic education is still unable to provide for all children of schooling age (6–14).
Yemen's primary school enrollment rates have increased from 73% to 87% for males and from 28% to 63% for females between 1991 and 2004.
The main educational problems in Yemen ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Yemen |
French Algeria | In November 1830, French colonial officials attempted to limit the arrivals at Algerian ports by requiring the presentation of passports and residence permits. The regulations created by the French government in May 1831 required permission from the Interior Ministry to enter Algeria and other French controlled territo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Algeria |
Music of Mesopotamia | Musical instruments were intimately associated with Mesopotamian religion, and some were regarded as minor gods: intermediaries that could help the priest communicate with a major god. Clear evidence for the divinity of musical instruments comes from the Sumerian language. Determinatives, or unvocalized logograms that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Mesopotamia |
Quran | While belief in God and obedience to the prophets are the main emphasis in the prophetic stories, there are also non-prophetic stories in the Quran that emphasize the importance of humility and having profound-inner knowledge (hikmah) besides trusting in God. This is the main theme in the stories of Khidr, Luqman and D... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran |
List of translations of the Quran | Kanzul Iman by Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi.
Tazkirul Quran by Wahiduddin Khan (1985)
Noor Ul Irfan by Mufti Ahmad Yar Khan Naeemi
Shah Abdul Qadir Dehlvi, Muzihul-al-Quran, 1829
Nazeer Ahmad Dehlvi, Tarjuma-i Qur’an, 1896
Anwaar-Al-Quran by Zeeshan Haider Jawadi. First edition published in 1990 by Tanzeem-Al-Makatib, Golag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_translations_of_the_Quran |
Ilan Halevi | Following visits to Africa, including to Mali and Algeria, in 1965, at the age of 22, Halevi moved to Israel. He is quoted as having said: "I came to Israel because in Algeria I discovered the importance of the Palestinian problem. I sat there in coffee houses, I heard people, I spoke with intellectuals and I understoo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilan_Halevi |
Kassite dynasty | The Mesopotamian pantheon of the Kassite period did not undergo profound changes from the preceding period. This can be seen in the low relief of a kudurru from Meli-Shipak II (1186-1172 B.C.) currently preserved in the Louvre Museum. The deities invoked as guarantors of the land grant that is consecrated on this stele... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassite_dynasty |
Fatimid Caliphate | Upon assuming power in Raqqada, Abu Abdallah inherited much of the Aghlabid state's apparatus and allowed its former officials to continue working for the new regime. He established a new, Isma'ili Shi'a regime on behalf of his absent, and for the moment unnamed, master. He then led his army west to Sijilmasa, whence h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate |
Zoroastrianism | Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the mid-5th century BCE. Herodotus' The Histories (completed c. 440 BCE) includes a description of Greater Iranian society with what may be recognizably Zoroastrian features, including exposure of the dead.
The Histories is a primary source of information on the early period of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism |
Somali aristocratic and court titles | Suldaan: From the Arabic for Sultan or English "Ruler". Very common title for rulers in the pre-colonial and colonial periods; used throughout the Somali territories, particularly by the Isaaq. Famous Sultans include Fakr ad-Din, the first Sultan of the Sultanate of Mogadishu, who built the 13th-century Fakr ad-Din Mos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_aristocratic_and_court_titles |
Levantine Arabic | Levantine phonology is characterized by rich socio-phonetic variations along socio-cultural (gender; religion; urban, rural or Bedouin) and geographical lines. For instance, in urban varieties, interdentals /θ/, /ð/, and /ðʕ/ tend to merge to stops or fricatives [t] ~ [s]; [d] ~ [z]; and [dʕ] ~ [zʕ] respectively. The C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levantine_Arabic |
Siege of Taiz | On 5 January, fighting erupted when Houthis launched a fresh offensive to take control of several locations on the western and eastern edges of the city. At least 20 people including a primary school student were killed and dozens injured in two days of fighting, and army commanders said. Neither two sides make gains ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Taiz |
Refugees of the Syrian civil war | On 27 January 2017, new US President Donald Trump announced that he had signed an executive order suspending any further resettlement of Syrian refugees to the United States indefinitely until further notice due to security concerns (excluding "refugee claims made by individuals on the basis of religious-based persecut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war |
Politics of Saudi Arabia | The Basic Law specifies that the king must be chosen from among the sons of the first king, Abdul Aziz Al Saud, and their male descendants subject to the subsequent approval of leaders (the ulama). In 2007, an "Allegiance Council" was created, comprising King Abdulaziz's surviving sons plus a son of each of his deceas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia |
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