title stringlengths 2 79 | passage stringlengths 2.2k 39.3k | link stringlengths 32 109 |
|---|---|---|
Internationalized country code top-level domain | The ICANN board approved the establishment of an internationalized top-level domain name working group within the Country Code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO) in December 2006. They resolved in June 2007 inter alia to proceed and asked the IDNC Working Group to prepare a proposal, which the group delivered in Jun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_country_code_top-level_domain |
Zina | Islamic teachings (in the hadith tradition) presume same-sex attraction, extol abstention and (in the Qur'an) condemn consummation.
There are no reports relating to homosexuality in the best known and authentic hadith collections of Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, other canonical collections record a number of co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zina |
Benjamin Netanyahu | Following the withdrawal of Sharon from the Likud, Netanyahu was one of several candidates who vied for the Likud leadership. His most recent attempt prior to this was in September 2005 when he had tried to hold early primaries for the position of the head of the Likud party, while the party held the office of prime mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu |
Culture of Saudi Arabia | Proposal: traditionally, the prospective groom's senior female leader informs the prospective bride's mother of his intentions. . . both families determine whether or not the marriage would be suitable.
Viewing (Shawfa): if assent is given by the two families, the bride is "formally allowed to unveil in the presence of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Saudi_Arabia |
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq | Prime Minister Bhutto began facing considerable criticism and increasing unpopularity as his term progressed; the democratic socialist's alliance who had previously allied with Bhutto began to diminish as time progressed. Initially targeting leader of the opposition Vali Khan and his opposition National Awami Party (NA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq |
French language in Algeria | During the French colonisation from 1830 to 1962, according to Benrabah, French "symbolized foreign exploitation and was thus to be resisted" but that "it served as a tool to raise the population's awareness and support in favour of such resistance" because French conveyed "universal values" of liberty, equality, and f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language_in_Algeria |
First Crusade | The majority of crusaders now considered their pilgrimage complete and returned home. Only 300 knights and 2,000 infantry remained to defend Palestine. It was the support of the knights from Lorraine that enabled Godfrey to take leadership of Jerusalem, over the claims of Raymond. When he died a year later these same L... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade |
Kaysanites | The Kaysanite Shi'a sect split into numerous sub-sects throughout its history. These splits would occur after a Kaysanite leader died and his followers would divide by pledging their allegiance to different leaders, with each sub-sect claiming the authenticity of its own leader.
When Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah died in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaysanites |
Yemeni Armed Forces | The origins of the South Yemeni army can be traced back to WW1, when the 1st Yemeni battalion was formed, consisting of locally enlisted Arabs to confront Turkish troops threatening Aden. This unit was disbanded in 1925, but reformed three years later as Aden Protectorate Levies (APL), under the control of the RAF. Bet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Armed_Forces |
Mango | Mangoes are generally sweet, although the taste and texture of the flesh vary across cultivars; some, such as Alphonso, have a soft, pulpy, juicy texture similar to an overripe plum, while others, such as Tommy Atkins, are firmer with a fibrous texture.
The skin of unripe, pickled, or cooked mango can be eaten, but it ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango |
Arabic grammar | Classical Arabic tends to prefer the word order VSO (verb before subject before object), but uses the particle ʼinna and SVO (subject before verb) to emphasize the subject. Verb-initial word orders like in Classical Arabic are relatively rare across the world's languages, occurring only in a few language families inclu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar |
Western Turkic Khaganate | The Western Turks attempted to capture the Tarim Basin in 670 and 677 but were repelled by the Tang. In 679, the Tang general Pei Xingjian led an army as far as Tokharistan, as he was also escorting back to Persia the last Sasanian pretender to the throne, Narsieh. Pei Xingjian fought successfully against an invasion o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate |
Muslim Brotherhood | Following the 2011 Egyptian revolution and fall of Hosni Mubarak, the Brotherhood was legalized and was at first very successful, dominating the 2011 parliamentary election and winning the 2012 presidential election, before the overthrow of President Mohamed Morsi a year later, leading to a crackdown on the Brotherhood... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood |
Islamic Government | Islamic Government is criticized on utilitarian grounds (as opposed to religious doctrine), by those who argue that Islamic government as established in Iran by Khomeini has simply not done what Khomeini said Islamic government by jurists would do. The goals of ending poverty, corruption, national debt, harsh punishme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Government |
Aq Qoyunlu | The leaders of Aq Qoyunlu were from the Begundur or Bayandur clan of the Oghuz Turks and were considered descendants of the semi-mythical founding father of the Oghuz, Oghuz Khagan. The Bayandurs behaved like statesmen rather than warlords and gained the support of the merchant and feudal classes of Transcaucasia (pres... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu |
Saudi Arabia–United States relations | In November 1964, Faisal became the new king of Saudi Arabia after a conflict with his brother Saud, the erstwhile king. The U.S. was not sure about the outcome of such an unplanned change in the Saudi monarchy. A low point in Saudi-U.S. relations came as Faisal decided to launch an oil embargo against the U.S. and Eur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations |
Islamic modernism | The rise of pan-Islamism across the Muslim World after the First World War and the collapse of the Ottoman empire, would herald the emergence of Salafi religious purism that fervently opposed modernist trends. The anti-colonial struggle to restore the Khilafah would become the top priority; manifesting in the formation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_modernism |
Fatimid Caliphate | In 969 Jawhar launched a carefully-prepared and successful invasion of Egypt, which had been under the control of the Ikhshidids, another regional dynasty whose formal allegiance was to the Abbasids. Al-Mu'izz had given Jawhar specific instructions to carry out after the conquest, and one of his first actions was to fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate |
Camp David Accords | Egypt, Israel, Jordan and the representatives of the Palestinian people should participate in negotiations on the resolution of the Palestinian problem in all its aspects.
(1.) Egypt and Israel agree that, in order to ensure a peaceful and orderly transfer of authority, and taking into account the security concerns of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_David_Accords |
Malacca | Despite being in a location without any significant natural resources, the economy of Malacca dates back more than 500 years, due to its strategic location. As the centre of the spice trade, Malacca attracted many colonial powers that engaged in wars to control it.
The Port of Tanjung Bruas, located in Tanjung Kling, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca |
Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world | The influence of medieval Arab-Islamic mathematics to the rest of the world is wide and profound, in both the realm of science and mathematics. The knowledge of the Arabs went into the western world through Spain and Sicily during the translation movement. "The Moors (western Mohammedans from that part of North Africa ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world |
Algeria | Since the 1970s, in a centralised system that was designed to significantly reduce the rate of illiteracy, the Algerian government introduced a decree by which school attendance became compulsory for all children aged between 6 and 15 years who have the ability to track their learning through the 20 facilities built si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria |
Isma'ilism | The Fatimid Caliphate expanded quickly under the subsequent Imams. Under the Fatimids, Egypt became the center of an empire that included at its peak North Africa, Sicily, Palestine, Syria, the Red Sea coast of Africa, Yemen, Hejaz and the Tihamah. Under the Fatimids, Egypt flourished and developed an extensive trade n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isma%27ilism |
Midwife | Education, training and regulation
Accredited midwifery programs can lead to different professional midwifery credentials:
Midwifery programs, accredited by the Midwifery Education Accreditation Council (MEAC), leading to the Certified Professional Midwife (CPM) credential, certified by the North American Registry of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwife |
One Thousand and One Nights | The first European version (1704–1717) was translated into French by Antoine Galland from an Arabic text of the Syrian recension and other sources. This 12-volume work, Les Mille et une nuits, contes arabes traduits en français ('The Thousand and one nights, Arab stories translated into French'), included stories that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights |
Philistines | During the Late Bronze Age collapse, an apparent confederation of seafarers known as the Sea Peoples are recorded as attacking ancient Egypt and other Eastern Mediterranean civilizations. While their exact origins are a mystery, and probably diverse, it is generally agreed that the Sea Peoples had origins in the greate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philistines |
Arabs | The Quran, the main holy book of Islam, had a significant influence on the Arabic language, and marked the beginning of Arabic literature. Muslims believe it was transcribed in the Arabic dialect of the Quraysh, the tribe of Muhammad. As Islam spread, the Quran had the effect of unifying and standardizing Arabic.
Not o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs |
Autocracy | Beliaev, Dmitri D.; Bondarenko, Dmitri M.; Korotayev, Audrey V. (2001). "Origins and evolution of chiefdoms". Reviews in Anthropology. 30 (4): 373–395. doi:10.1080/00988157.2001.9978293. ISSN 0093-8157. S2CID 162365014.
Boese, Vanessa A (2019). "How (not) to measure democracy". International Area Studies Review. 22 (2)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocracy |
Rentier state | The first use of the term “rentier states” was by economists in the early 20th century who used the term to describe European states that extended loans to non-European governments. Lenin viewed rentier states (Rentnerstaat), or usurer states, as a form of imperialism. He stated that a limited amount of rentier states,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rentier_state |
Second Syrian Republic | On 29 March 1949, Syria's national government was overthrown by a military coup d'état led by Hussni al-Zaim. The cause of this coup was the shame that the Syrian Army experienced following the Arab-Israeli War. An example of this shame can be seen in what we will call the Samneh Scandal of 1948. According to Patrick S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic |
Sunni Islam | There is broad agreement that the Sufis are also part of Sunnism. This view can already be found in the Shafi'ite scholar Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (d. 1037). In his heresiographical work al-Farq baina l-firaq he divided the Sunnis into eight different categories (aṣnāf) of people: 1. the theologians and Kalam Scholars,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam |
List of Assyrian kings | Ancient Assyria was an absolute monarchy, with the king believed to be appointed directly through divine right by the chief deity, Ashur. The Assyrians believed that the king was the link between the gods and the earthly realm. As such, it was the king's primary duty to discover the will of the gods and enact this, oft... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings |
African philosophy | Henry Odera Oruka of Kenya came up with Sage Philosophy and philosophic sagacity is attributed to him. Ethnophilosophy has been used to record the beliefs found in African cultures. Such an approach treats African philosophy as consisting in a set of shared beliefs, values, categories, and assumptions that are implicit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_philosophy |
Kemalism | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's ideas are derived from Enlightenment philosophers, Europe's revolutionary history, and his own experience as a citizen, soldier, and revolutionary in the last days of the Ottoman Empire.
Various reforms to avoid the imminent collapse of the Empire, began chiefly in the 19th-century Tanzimat refo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemalism |
2011 Egyptian constitutional referendum | Summary
The proposed amendments include the following:
Article 75: A candidate would be ineligible if he or she had dual nationality, parents who were citizens of countries other than Egypt or married to a non-Egyptian.
Article 76: Easing the requirements for being a presidential candidate.
Article 77: Limiting the t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum |
Participle | Modern English includes two traditional terms for its participles:
The present participle, also sometimes called the active, imperfect, or progressive participle, takes the ending -ing, for example doing, seeing, working, running, breaking, understanding. It is identical in form to the verbal noun and gerund (see belo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participle |
Contemporary Islamic philosophy | Muhammad Iqbal sought an Islamic revival based on social justice ideals and emphasized traditional rules, e.g. against usury. He argued strongly that dogma, territorial nationalism and outright racism, all of which were profoundly rejected in early Islam and especially by Muhammad himself, were splitting Muslims into w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy |
Jasmine (Aladdin) | Famously, Jasmine was Disney's first princess of color; her unprecedented ethnicity is credited with ultimately inspiring the studio to become more ethnically diverse, as evidenced by the subsequent introduction of their non-white princesses Pocahontas and Mulan. Universally accepted, the character's status as Disney's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasmine_(Aladdin) |
Toubou people | The Toubou people, states Jean Chapelle, have been socially stratified with an embedded caste system. The three strata have consisted of the freemen with a right to own property, the artisanal castes and the slaves.
The endogamous caste of Azza (or Aza) among Toubou have the artisanal occupations, such as metal work, l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toubou_people |
Al-Shabaab (militant group) | According to the International Crisis Group, Salafism has been the core unifying principle of al-Shabaab, although this principle is not interpreted uniformly by the group's members and leaders. In particular, al-Shabaab officially and generally advocates a form of Salafi jihadism with transnational aims, linking Somal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group) |
Samanid Empire | During the 9th and 10th centuries, there was a large amount of growth in literature, mostly in poetry. It was during the Samanid period that Persian literature appeared in Transoxiana and was formally recognized. The advancement of an Islamic New Persian literature thus started in Transoxiana and Khorasan instead of Fa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanid_Empire |
Eid al-Fitr | Among Muslim Filipinos in the Philippines, Eid al-Fitr is commonly known as Hariraya, Buka, Hariraya Buka, or Hariraya Buka Puasa. It is also known as Wakas ng Ramadan (lit. "End of Ramadan"), Araw ng Raya ("Feast Day"), or Pagtatapos ng Pag-aayuno ("End of the Fast") in Filipino. It was proclaimed a legal holiday for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr |
Ptolemy | Ptolemy's second most well-known work is his Geographike Hyphegesis (Greek: Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις; lit. 'Guide to Drawing the Earth'), known as the Geography, a handbook on how to draw maps using geographical coordinates for parts of the Roman world known at the time.
He relied on previous work by an earlier geographer, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy |
Islam in the Netherlands | In the early 1970s, Muslims represented less than one percent of the population which grew to about six percent in the late 2010s. During the same period, large parts of the Dutch population lost their faith and the Netherlands transformed from a religious society that was segregated along the lines of Protestant, Cath... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Netherlands |
Music of Sudan | After a military coup in 1989, the imposition of sharia law by an Islamist government brought about the closing of music halls and outdoor concerts, as well as many other restrictions for musicians and their audiences. Many of the country's most prominent musicians or writers were barred from public life, and in some c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Sudan |
Recent African origin of modern humans | Beginning 135,000 years ago, tropical Africa experienced megadroughts which drove humans from the land and towards the sea shores, and forced them to cross over to other continents.
Fossils of early Homo sapiens were found in Qafzeh and Es-Skhul Caves in Israel and have been dated to 80,000 to 120,000 years ago. These ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans |
Berbers | After the Arab-Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th and early 8th centuries, Islamic architecture developed in the region. Various dynasties, either based in North Africa or beyond it, contributed to the architecture of the region, including the Aghlabids, the Fatimids, and the Umayyads of Cordoba. In addition to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berbers |
Sharia | The main Sunni schools of law (madhhabs) are the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs. They emerged in the ninth and tenth centuries and by the twelfth century almost all jurists aligned themselves with a particular madhhab. These four schools recognize each other's validity and they have interacted in legal de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia |
Timur | Timur is regarded as a military genius and as a brilliant tactician with an uncanny ability to work within a highly fluid political structure to win and maintain a loyal following of nomads during his rule in Central Asia. He was also considered extraordinarily intelligent – not only intuitively but also intellectually... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur |
Al-Hallaj | Al-Hallaj addressed himself to popular audiences encouraging them to find God inside their own souls, which earned him the title of "the carder of innermost souls" (ḥallāj al-asrār). He preached without the traditional Sufi habit and used language familiar to the local Shi'i population. This may have given the impressi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hallaj |
Egyptian Arabic | Egyptian Arabic is used in most social situations, with Modern Standard and Classical Arabic generally being used only in writing and in highly religious and/or formal situations. However, within Egyptian Arabic, there is a wide range of variation. El-Said Badawi identifies three distinct levels of Egyptian Arabic-base... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic |
Varieties of Arabic | All varieties, sedentary and nomadic, differ in the following ways from Classical Arabic (CA)
The order subject–verb–object may be more common than verb–subject–object.
Verbal agreement between subject and object is always complete.
In CA, there was no number agreement between subject and verb when the subject was thi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic |
Islam in Germany | According to a 2007 Federal Ministry of the Interior report almost half of all young Muslims in Germany support fundamentalist views. About 12% of Muslims in Germany identified with moral-religious criticism against Western societal values in combination with corporal punishment up to and including the death penalty.
A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Germany |
Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse | Raymond was deeply religious, and wished to die in the Holy Land, and so when the call was raised for the First Crusade, he was one of the first to take the cross. He is sometimes called "the one-eyed" (monoculus in Latin) after a rumour that he had lost an eye in a scuffle with the doorkeeper of the Church of the Holy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Toulouse |
Iraqi Armed Forces | Under Saddam Hussein's presidency, Iraq had constructed state-of-the-art production facilities for the rocket propellant at Hillah, south of Baghdad, and assembled the missiles at Falluja, west of the Iraqi capital. At the time, Iraq was believed to be way ahead of its then rival Iran's arms producing industry. The Ira... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces |
Khosrow I | Khosrow, like all other Sasanian rulers, was an adherent of Zoroastrianism. Since the 5th century, the Sasanian monarchs had been made aware of the significance of the religious minorities in the realm, and as a result tried to homogenize them into a structure of administration where according to legal principles, all ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khosrow_I |
Najd | Before the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was formed, the native population in that area was largely made up of tribal Arabs: some of them were part of the majority class of sedentary farmers and merchants who lived in villages and towns dotted around central Arabia; others (a minority of inhabitants) were nomads (bedo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najd |
Ashur (god) | Beginning in the Middle Assyrian Period, the Assyrian kings projected a more territorial ideology, with the king acting as the agent of placing the territory under divine rule. The practice where each province had to supply yearly a modest amount of food for the daily meal of Ashur, which ideologically demonstrated how... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashur_(god) |
East Jerusalem | Jerusalem was to be an international city under the 1947 UN Partition Plan. It was not included as a part of either the proposed Jewish or Arab states. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the western part of Jerusalem was captured by Israel, while East Jerusalem (including the Old City) was captured by Jordan. The war ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Jerusalem |
Jund Filastin | The Muslim conquest of Palestine is difficult to reconstruct, according to the historian Dominique Sourdel. It is generally agreed that the Qurayshite commander Amr ibn al-As was sent to conquer the area by Caliph Abu Bakr, likely in 633. Amr traversed the Red Sea coast of the Hejaz (western Arabia), reached the port t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jund_Filastin |
Abraham in Islam | The Quran refers to certain Scrolls of Abraham. All Muslim scholars have generally agreed that no scrolls of Abraham survive, and therefore this is a reference to a lost body of scripture. The Scrolls of Abraham are understood by Muslims to refer to certain revelations Abraham received, which he would have then transmi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam |
Assyria | A relatively large number of statues and figurines have been recovered from the ruins of temples in Assur dating to the Early Assyrian period. Most of the surviving artwork from this time was clearly influenced by the artwork of foreign powers. For instance, a set of 87 alabaster figures of male and female worshippers ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyria |
History of the State of Palestine | In June 1967, Israel captured and occupied the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, from Jordan, the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, and the area of Golan Heights from Syria as a result of the Six-Day War. Israel, which was ordered to withdraw from territories occupied during the war in exchange for Arab rec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_State_of_Palestine |
Egyptian hieroglyphs | Egyptian writing is often redundant: in fact, it happens very frequently that a word is followed by several characters writing the same sounds, in order to guide the reader. For example, the word nfr, "beautiful, good, perfect", was written with a unique triliteral that was read as nfr:
However, it is considerably mor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs |
Ancient Egyptian pottery | R. O. Allen, H. Hamroush, M. A. Hoffman: "Archaeological implications of differences in the composition of Nile sediments." in Ralph O Allen, Archaeological Chemistry IV: developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of History of Chemistry at the 193rd meeting of the American Chemical Society, Denver, Colorado,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_pottery |
Aden Colony | To solve many of the above problems, as well as continuing the process of self-determination that was accompanying the dismantling of the Empire, it was proposed that Aden Colony should form a federation with the protectorates of East and West Aden. It was hoped that this would lessen Arab calls for complete independe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_Colony |
Qasr Kharana | In later centuries the castle was abandoned and neglected. It suffered damage from several earthquakes.
Hill published the first known written reference to the qasr in 1896. It is difficult to pin down the exact date of the palace’s construction. There were several stages of construction. The first phase includes the e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasr_Kharana |
Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im | “Oh, [Muslims] Believers: Be Just, That is Always Closer to True Piety,” Conversations on Justice from National, International, and Global Perspectives: Dialogues with Leading Thinkers,” Jean-Marc Coicaud and Lynette E. Sieger, editors, (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2019) pp. 79-100
“The Postcolonial Fall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullahi_Ahmed_An-Na%27im |
Levant Crisis | Finally, on 31 May, with news that the casualty toll had exceeded a thousand Syrians, Churchill sent de Gaulle a message saying, "In order to avoid a collision between British and French forces, we request you immediately order French troops to cease fire and withdraw to their barracks". This was ignored and the next d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant_Crisis |
Mu'allaqat | Ibn Abd Rabbih in the Al-ʿIqd al-Farīd ("The Precious Necklace") states, "The Arabs had such an interest in poetry, and valued it so highly, that they took seven long pieces selected from the ancient poetry, wrote them in gold on pieces of Coptic linen folded up, and hung them up (allaqat) [sic] on the curtains which c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27allaqat |
Rahanweyn | During the civil war, the less aggressive and peaceful Rahanweyn suffered the most out of any clan in Somalia. General Morgan the nephew of Siad Barre unified the Darood factions in Jubbaland and founded the Somali National Front and waged war against the self-declared president Mohamed Farrah Aidid who led the Hawiye ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahanweyn |
Donatism | The sect developed and grew in North Africa, with unrest and threatened riots in Carthage connected to the bishop controversy. Constantine, hoping to defuse the unrest, gave money to the non-Donatist bishop Caecilian as payment for churches damaged or confiscated during the persecution. Nothing was given to the Donatis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatism |
Marzban | The ranks tradition (primarily of vāspuhrān and āzādān) can be traced to the Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC), but due to lack of sources even in the Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD) the existence of a proper classification of ranks is unknown, in comparison to the Sasanian royal inscriptions from the 3rd century AD whe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marzban |
Riba | The (alleged) injustice of fixed return and its (alleged) lack of risk, has been attacked by Ismail Ozsoy, M.N. Siddiqi, and M. Hameedullah. Ismail Ozsoy defines interest as riba and as "an unearned or unequally distributed income." He argues that both those who pay and receive interest are sinful and behaving unjustly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riba |
Abbasid Caliphate | The Abbasid period saw a large fashion development throughout its existence. While the development of fashion began during the Umayyad period, its genuine cosmopolitan styles and influence were realized at their finest during Abbasid rule. Fashion was a thriving industry during the Abbasid period that was also strictly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate |
Sharia | In both the rules of civil disputes and application of penal law, classical Sharia distinguishes between men and women, between Muslims and non-Muslims, and between free persons and slaves.
Traditional Islamic law assumes a patriarchal society with a man at the head of the household. Different legal schools formulated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia |
Sabri Moudallal | Sabri Moudallal was born in the Al-Jalloum neighborhood in Aleppo in 1918. Sabri Moudallal grew up in a musical environment, attending Sufi Zikr ceremonies with his father, who also sent him to Qur'anic school to memorize the Qur'an and study Quranic recitation, the musical recitation of the holy text. The teacher, rec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabri_Moudallal |
Criticism of Islamism | Islamists such as Sayyid Qutb and Ayatollah Khomeini have argued that true Islam and a Muslim community cannot be said to exist without the application of Sharia law. According to Qutb, "The Muslim community with these characteristics vanished at the moment the laws of God [i.e. Sharia] became suspended on earth."
Khom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism |
1952 Egyptian revolution | The history of Egypt during the 19th and early 20th centuries was defined by the vastly different reigns of successive members of the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the gradually increasing intrusion into Egyptian affairs of the Great Powers, particularly the United Kingdom. From 1805, Egypt underwent a period of rapid moder... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution |
Egypt | There is evidence of rock carvings along the Nile terraces and in desert oases. In the 10th millennium BCE, a culture of hunter-gatherers and fishers was replaced by a grain-grinding culture. Climate changes or overgrazing around 8000 BCE began to desiccate the pastoral lands of Egypt, forming the Sahara. Early tribal ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt |
Baqashot | The custom of singing baqashot originated in Spain towards the time of the expulsion, but took on increased momentum in the Kabbalistic circle in Safed in the 16th century. Baqashot probably evolved out of the tradition of saying petitionary prayers before dawn and was spread from Safed by the followers of Isaac Luria ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baqashot |
Kara Ben Nemsi | May first introduces the terms "Nemsi“ and "Nemsistan“ in his third story set in the Orient Die Rose von Sokna (The Rose of Sokna) published in 1878. There he translates the terms used by a caravanner or rather by the Arab servant of the yet unnamed first-person narrator as "German" and "Germany" respectively. The name... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_Ben_Nemsi |
History of the Spanish language | In virtually all the Western Romance languages, the Latin voiceless stops—/p/, /t/, and /k/, which are represented orthographically as P, T, and C (including Q) respectively—where they occurred in an "intervocalic" environment (qualified below), underwent one, two, or three successive stages of lenition, from voicing t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Spanish_language |
Sogdia | Amoghavajra, prolific translator and one of the most politically powerful Buddhist monks of Chinese history, of Sogdian descent through his mother
An Lushan (安祿山), a military leader of Sogdian (from his father's side) and Tūjué origin during the Tang dynasty in China; he rose to prominence by fighting (and losing) fron... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogdia |
Ptolemaic Kingdom | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was considered a major naval power in the eastern Mediterranean. Some modern historians characterize Egypt during this period as a thalassocracy, owing to its innovation of "traditional styles of Mediterranean sea power", which allowed its rulers to "exert power and influence in unprecedented ways... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom |
Mathematics and art | In classical times, rather than making distant figures smaller with linear perspective, painters sized objects and figures according to their thematic importance. In the Middle Ages, some artists used reverse perspective for special emphasis. The Muslim mathematician Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham) described a theory of optic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_and_art |
Shakira | Shakira originally recorded the song "¿Dónde Estás Corazón?" (later released on her album Pies Descalzos) for the compilation album Nuestro Rock in 1994, released exclusively in Colombia. The song was an instant success on radio stations in Colombia and Sony decided to finance her third record, by giving her the last c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakira |
Ba'athism | Assadism (Assadiyah) is a neo-Ba'athist ideology based on the policies of Hafez al-Assad after his seizure of power in the 1970 coup, described in official Ba'athist history as the "Corrective Movement". It enshrines the Assad family's leadership role in Syrian politics and constructed the Assad regime in a highly pers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27athism |
Slavery in the Ottoman Empire | As there were restrictions on the enslavement of Muslims and of "People of the Book" (Jews and Christians) living under Muslim rule, pagan areas in Africa became a popular source of slaves. Known as the Zanj (Bantu), these slaves originated mainly from the African Great Lakes region as well as from Central Africa. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire |
Schools of Islamic theology | Ashʿarīyyah is a school of theology that was founded by the Arab Muslim scholar, reformer, and scholastic theologian Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī in the 9th–10th century who developed the school of thought founded by Ibn Kullab a century earlier.
It established an orthodox guideline based on scriptural authority, rationalit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology |
The Flirtation of Girls | Laila (Laila Mourad), daughter of the wealthy Mourad Pasha (Suleiman Naguib), is a carefree college girl who loves to sing, dance, (Etmakhtary Ya Kheil/Trot, my Horse) spend time with her friends, and her bad-boy boyfriend Anwar (Mahmoud el-Meliguy). News reaches Mourad Pasha's secretary, Marzouk Afandi (Abdel Wares As... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Flirtation_of_Girls |
Yosef Qafih | Rabbi Qafih's followers observe halakhah as codified in Maimonides' Mishneh Torah with Qafih's commentary. Halakhic literature stemming from the rulings of Maimonides and Qafih has been published, often as essays. Although Rabbi Qafih had serious reservations about learning halakhah from halakhic compendiums and abridg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosef_Qafih |
Apostasy in Islam by country | During the Ottoman Turkish Muslim rule of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1463–1878), a large minority of the Southern Slavic-speaking inhabitants converted to Islam for various reasons, whilst others remained Roman Catholics (Croats) or Orthodox Christians (Serbs). These converts and their descendants were simply known as "Bo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country |
Days of Glory (2006 film) | In French North Africa in 1943 large numbers of men from France's overseas possessions have been recruited into the French First Army of the Free French Forces to fight alongside the other Allies against Nazi Germany and liberate France from occupation. The army consists of two main elements: pieds-noirs, that is peopl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_of_Glory_(2006_film) |
Eurofighter Typhoon | The Eurofighter Typhoon is fitted with two Eurojet EJ200 engines, each capable of providing up to 60 kN (13,500 lbf) of dry thrust and >90 kN (20,230 lbf) with afterburners. Using the "war" setting, dry thrust increases by 15% to 69 kN per engine and afterburners by 5% to 95 kN per engine and for a few seconds, up to 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon |
LGBT rights in Egypt | The Egyptian revolution in 2011 provided a political momentum and space for LGBT organizing in Egypt that were exceptionally productive in terms of movement building. In the aftermath of the revolution, Egyptian LGBT individuals, activists and organizations started becoming more visible and more eager to be part of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Egypt |
Human rights in Egypt | The 2014 Constitution of Egypt states that "Islam is the religion of the state...and the principles of Islamic sharia are the main sources of legislation."
Only Islam, Christianity and Judaism are recognized as official religions by the government so that minority religions such as "Baha`is and nonbelievers face discri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Egypt |
Kharijites | Almost no primary Kharijite sources survive, except for works by authors from the sole surviving Kharijite sect of Ibadiyya, and excerpts in non-Kharijite works. As the latter are the main sources of information and date to later periods, the Kharijite material has suffered alterations and distortions during transmissi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharijites |
Sudan | In 1504 the Funj are recorded to have founded the Kingdom of Sennar, in which Abdallah Jamma's realm was incorporated. By 1523, when Jewish traveller David Reubeni visited Sudan, the Funj state already extended as far north as Dongola. Meanwhile, Islam began to be preached on the Nile by Sufi holy men who settled there... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan |
Ur | [9]Benati, Giacomo, "Re-modeling political economy in early 3rd millennium BC Mesopotamia: patterns of socio-economic organization in Archaic Ur (Tell al-Muqayyar, Iraq)", Cuneiform Digital Library Journal 2015.2, 2015
Benati, Giacomo, "The Beginning of the Early Dynastic Period at Ur", Iraq, vol. 76, 2014, pp. 1–17, 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.