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Jurji Zaydan | After briefly serving as assistant editor for al-Muqtataf, Zaydan began producing scholarly works on various historical topics. His interest in history propelled him to travel to London to research Arabic history in the library of the British Museum.
His first book was published in 1889 with Ta'rikh al-Masuniya al-Amm ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurji_Zaydan |
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia | The Bedouin were introduced to Meccan ritualistic practices as they frequented settled towns of the Hejaz during the four months of the "holy truce", the first three of which were devoted to religious observance, while the fourth was set aside for trade. Alan Jones infers from Bedouin poetry that the gods, even Allah, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia |
Knights Hospitaller | With their diminished strength and relocation to Malta in the central Mediterranean, the knights found themselves devoid of their founding mission: assisting and joining the crusades in the Holy Land. Revenues subsequently dwindled as European sponsors were no longer willing to support a costly and seemingly redundant ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller |
Bandung Conference | Acharya, Amitav. "Studying the Bandung conference from a Global IR perspective." Australian Journal of International Affairs 70.4 (2016): 342–357. Online Archived 1 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine
Acharya, Amitav. "Who are the norm makers? The Asian-African conference in Bandung and the evolution of norms." Global Go... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung_Conference |
Special Operation Forces (Jordan) | The Prince Hashem School for Special Operations serves to train and qualify officers and NCOs from JAF.
The school went through the following key phases in terms of organization and development
in 1963 The first ranger and airborne course was trained by American training team and Ranger and Airborne training wing was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Operation_Forces_(Jordan) |
Afghan Arabs | The departure of the Soviets led to the start of the Afghan Civil War between Afghan Government forces and the so-called "Interim Afghan Government", Osama Bin Laden's Al Qaeda participated in the failed Battle of Jalalabad, Bin Laden personally led 800 Arabs to immobilize the 7th Sarandoy regiment but failed to do so ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Arabs |
Neolithic Revolution | Compared to foragers, Neolithic farmers' diets were higher in carbohydrates but lower in fibre, micronutrients, and protein. This led to an increase in the frequency of carious teeth and slower growth in childhood and increased body fat, and studies have consistently found that populations around the world became short... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution |
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | Unlike Hosni Mubarak, el-Sisi is protective of the privacy of his family, even though two of his sons hold positions in the government. He is married to his cousin Entissar Amer, and is the father of three sons and one daughter. One of his sons is married to the daughter of former Egyptian army chief Mahmoud Hegazy.
El... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi |
Deir al-Balah | Deir al-Balah was built on the ruins of the Crusader fort of Darom (also referred to as "Doron") which was built by King Amalric I. The exact date of the fort's construction is unknown, although it was likely erected after 1153 following Amalric's capture of Ascalon to the north from the Fatimid Caliphate. As described... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_al-Balah |
Wars of Alexander the Great | The Siege of Tyre occurred in 332 BC when Alexander set out to conquer Tyre, a strategic coastal base. Tyre was the site of the only remaining Persian port that did not capitulate to Alexander. Even by this point in the war, the Persian navy still posed a major threat to Alexander. Tyre, the largest and most important ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_Alexander_the_Great |
Tassili n'Ajjer | In 1989, the psychedelics researcher Giorgio Samorini proposed the theory that the fungoid-like paintings in the caves of Tassili are proof of the relationship between humans and psychedelics in the ancient populations of the Sahara, when it was still a verdant land:
One of the most important scenes is to be found in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tassili_n%27Ajjer |
Abbas the Great | The Qizilbash had provided the backbone of the Safavid army from the very beginning of Safavid rule and they also occupied many posts in the government. As a result, effective power in the state in the early days of the dynasty was held by the Qizilbash, leaving the shah often powerless. To counterbalance their power a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_the_Great |
List of armed factions in the Syrian Civil War | The group called Dā'ash or the Islamic State (abbrv. IS, ISIL or ISIS), began to make rapid military gains in Northern Syria starting in April 2013 and as of mid-2014 controlled large parts of that region, where the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights described it as "the strongest group". The group strives to establis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_armed_factions_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War |
2012–2013 Egyptian protests | On the second anniversary of the beginning of the 2011 revolution, protests again erupted in cities across the country, following occasional skirmishes between protesters and police in Cairo the day before. Tens of thousands of people gathered in Tahrir Square during the day, with clashes between police forces and prot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Egyptian_protests |
Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict | Since he took power in 1995, Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani believed Qatar could find security only by transforming itself from a Saudi appendage to a rival of Saudi Arabia. According to Jim Krane, energy research fellow at Rice University's Baker Institute, "Qatar used to be a kind of Saudi vassal state, but it used the a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict |
Mandatory Palestine | When the United Kingdom announced the independence of the Emirate of Transjordan as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan in 1946, the final Assembly of the League of Nations and the General Assembly both adopted resolutions welcoming the news. The Jewish Agency objected, claiming that Transjordan was an integral part o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine |
Kharijites | The accession of Mu'awiya, the original enemy of the Kharijites, to the caliphate in August 661 provided the new impetus for Kharijite rebellion. Those Kharijites at Nahrawan who had been unwilling to fight Ali and had left the battlefield, rebelled against Mu'awiya. Under the leadership of Farwa ibn Nawfal al-Ashja'i ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharijites |
Sayfo | Under Reshid's leadership, a systematic anti-Christian extermination was conducted in Diyarbekir province which included Syriacs and the province's few Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholics. Reshid knew that his decision to extend the persecution to all Christians in Diyarbekir was against the central government's wishes,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayfo |
Kaaba | Inside the Kaaba, there were nine engraved marble stones, all written in the Thuluth script, except for one which is written in prominent Kufic script. In the eastern wall between the door and the Gate of Repentance another document was added by the custodian of the Two Holy Mosques at the time Fahd of Saudi Arabia, re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaba |
Nabataean Aramaic | Like other Semitic languages, Nabataean Aramaic attests various (basic and derived) verb stems. Based on comparison with other varieties of Aramaic, it is likely that active verbs could occur as G-stems (basic stem), D-stems (intensive stem, characterized by different vowels and gemination of the second radical), or C-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_Aramaic |
Medicine in the medieval Islamic world | Browne, Edward G. (2002). Islamic Medicine. Goodword Books. ISBN 978-81-87570-19-6.
Dols, Michael W. (1984). Medieval Islamic Medicine: Ibn Ridwan's Treatise 'On the Prevention of Bodily Ills in Egypt'. Comparative Studies of Health Systems and Medical Care. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04836-2.
Lecle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world |
Reza Shah | The Shah's reign is sometimes divided into periods. All the efforts of Reza Shah's reign were either completed or conceived in the 1925–1938 period. Abdolhossein Teymourtash assisted by Farman Farma, Ali-Akbar Davar and a large number of modern educated Iranians, proved adept at masterminding the implementation of many... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Shah |
Jordan | Life expectancy in Jordan was around 74.8 years in 2017. The leading cause of death is cardiovascular diseases, followed by cancer. Childhood immunization rates have increased steadily over the past 15 years; by 2002 immunisations and vaccines reached more than 95% of children under five. In 1950, water and sanitation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan |
Golden Horde | At his death in 1227, Genghis Khan divided the Mongol Empire amongst his four sons as appanages, but the Empire remained united under the supreme khan. Jochi was the eldest, but he died six months before Genghis. The westernmost lands occupied by the Mongols, which included what is today southern Russia and Kazakhstan,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horde |
Refugees of the Syrian civil war | The topic of US involvement in alleviating the Syrian refugee crisis continues to be a highly contentious issue among legislators, stakeholders, and activists. As instability in the region continues to rise, and the number of people seeking refuge continues to increase, the topic of whether or not to admit Syrian refug... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war |
Spanish architecture | The kingdom of Asturias arose in 718, when the Astur tribes, rallied in assembly, decided to appoint Pelayo as their leader. Pelayo joined the local tribes and the refuged Visigoths under his command, with the intention of progressively restoring Gothic Order.
Asturian Pre-Romanesque is a singular feature in all Spain,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_architecture |
History of slavery | African states played a key role in the trade of slaves, and slavery was a common practice among Sub Saharan Africans even before the involvement of the Arabs, Berbers and Europeans. There were three types: those who were enslaved through conquest, instead of unpaid debts, or those whose parents gave them as property t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery |
Arabization | Despite being a nation of the Arabian Peninsula, Oman had been home to several native languages other than Arabic, of which Kumzari which is the only native Indo-European language in the Arabian Peninsula has been classified as highly endangered by the UNESCO and at risk of dying out in 50 years. Before the takeover of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabization |
Khor Rori | Inscriptions at Khor Rori report that the town of Sumhuram (Hadramautic: s1mhrm), was founded on royal initiative and settled by Hadhrami emigrants. The Dhofar region was the main source of frankincense in the ancient period, and it seems likely that the foundation of the settlement by the Hadhramaut was in part motiva... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khor_Rori |
Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi | After working at Furat and al-Manar, Al-Kawakibi started his own literary journal called the al-Sahba. The journal vehemently criticized the despots and dictators of his time, and alluded to the tyranny of the Ottoman Empire. He especially focused his criticism on the new Vali of Aleppo, Jamil Pasha. Due to Al-Kawakibi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Kawakibi |
Halabja massacre | The first images after the attack were taken by Iranian journalists who later spread the pictures in Iranian newspapers. Footage taken by a British ITN camera crew, airlifted by the Iranians, was also shown worldwide via news programmes. Some of those first pictures were taken by Iranian photographer Kaveh Golestan, wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halabja_massacre |
Hakeem Noor-ud-Din | Noor-ud-Deen was constantly involved in religious debates with Christians and Hindus during his stay at Jammu. Once he was confronted by an atheist who asked him that if the concept of God was true, then how in this day and age of reason and knowledge, no one claims to be the recipient of Divine revelations. This was a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakeem_Noor-ud-Din |
Ulama | Starting in the first half of the 19th century, direct contacts began and gradually increased between members of the ulama and modern Western Europe. The Egyptian alim Rifa'a al-Tahtawi (1801–1873) was amongst the first members of the ulama who travelled to Europe. As a religious counsellor to a delegation by the Egypt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama |
Ibn al-Nadim | Much known of an-Nadim is deduced from his epithets. 'an-Nadim' (النَّدِيم), 'the Court Companion' and 'al-Warrāq (الْوَرَّاق) 'the copyist of manuscripts'. Probably born in Baghdad ca. 320/932 he died there on Wednesday, 20th of Shaʿban A.H. 385. He was a Persian or perhaps an Arab.
Little is known about Ibn an-Nadīm'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Nadim |
Stephanie Dalley | Page, Stephanie (Spring 1968). "The Tablets from Tell Al-Rimah 1967: A Preliminary Report". Iraq. 30 (1): 87–97. doi:10.2307/4199841. JSTOR 4199841. S2CID 140186570.
Dalley, Stephanie (1980). "Old Babylonian Dowries". Iraq. 42 (1): 53–74. doi:10.2307/4200115. JSTOR 4200115. S2CID 163871506.
Dalley, Stephanie (January 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Dalley |
2008 Mauritanian coup d'état | Canada – Foreign Affairs Canada released a statement saying, "Canada demands a return to the constitutional order embodied in the elected president, Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, and calls for the immediate release of all political figures held by the armed forces, including the President and the Prime Minister."
Chile ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat |
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force | The initial composition of UNDOF in 1974 was of personnel from Austria, Peru, Canada and Poland, and later contingents have come from Iran, Finland, Slovenia, Japan, Croatia, India and the Philippines. On 9 August 1974, a Canadian Buffalo transport aircraft (Buffalo 461) was on a routine re-supply flight, from Beirut t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Disengagement_Observer_Force |
Foreign relations of Sudan | Sudan is an active member of all pertinent African organizations and is a charter member of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), established in 1963 and headquartered in Addis Ababa. During most of its time as a member of the OAU, it used its membership to keep the OAU out of the civil war. Even so, in 1994, the OA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sudan |
Arabs | Arab tribes are prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, Mesopotamia, Levant, Egypt, Maghreb, the Sudan region and Horn Africa.
The Arabs of the Levant are traditionally divided into Qays and Yaman tribes. The distinction between Qays and Yaman dates back to the pre-Islamic era and was based on tribal affiliations and geogr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs |
Khuzestan province | During the Iran–Iraq War, Khuzestan was the focus of the Iraqi invasion of Iran, leading to the flight of thousands of the province's residents. As a result, Khuzestan suffered the heaviest damage of all Iranian provinces during the war. Iraq's President Saddam Hussein felt confident that the Arab population of the Khu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan_province |
Global Peace Index | In 2017, 23 indicators were used to establish peacefulness scores for each country. The indicators were originally selected with the assistance of an expert panel in 2007 and are reviewed by the expert panel on an annual basis. The scores for each indicator are normalised on a scale of 1–5, whereby qualitative indicato... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Peace_Index |
World War I | The years before 1914 were marked by a series of crises in the Balkans, as other powers sought to benefit from the Ottoman decline. While Pan-Slavic and Orthodox Russia considered itself the protector of Serbia and other Slav states, they preferred the strategically vital Bosporus straits to be controlled by a weak Ott... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I |
Lihyan | While the Lihyanites' control over Taymāʾ has become clear, the period in which this occurred is largely unknown. Following Nabonidus’ departure, it is assumed that the Achaemenids succeeded him as rulers of the city; this assumption of a one-and-a-half-century Achaemenid rule over the oasis is based solely on a single... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihyan |
Dragut | In 1548 he was appointed Beylerbeyi (Chief Governor) of Algeria by Suleiman the Magnificent. In that same year he ordered the construction of a quadrireme galley at the naval arsenal of Djerba, which he started using in 1549. In August 1548 he landed at Castellamare di Stabia on the Bay of Naples and captured the city ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragut |
Garlic | Garlic is a fundamental component in many or most dishes of various regions, including eastern Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, northern Africa, southern Europe, Eastern Europe and parts of Latin America. Latin American seasonings, particularly, use garlic in sofritos and mofongos.
Oils can be flavore... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic |
Faisal I of Iraq | Faisal regularly attended Friday prayers as it helped him meet with the public Iraqi people more. Faisal was noticeably unaffected by sectarian considerations, and was noted by al-Rihani to have a faith that reflected all Islamic dominations, which made him respect, and be tolerant to all world religions. Abbas Baghdad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq |
Islamic fundamentalism in Iran | Sayyid Mojtaba Mir-Lohi (Persian: سيد مجتبی میرلوحی, c. 1924 – 18 January 1956), more commonly known as Navvab Safavi (Persian: نواب صفوی), emerged on political scene around 1945 when after only two years of study, he left the seminaries of Najaf to found the Fada'iyan-e Islam, recruiting frustrated youth from suburb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism_in_Iran |
Fall of Mosul | On 4 June, Iraqi police, under the command of Lieutenant General Mahdi Gharawi, cornered IS military leader Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi near Mosul, in Iraq. Al-Bilawi blew himself up, and Gharawi hoped it would prevent an attack.
At 2:30 in morning, IS convoys of pickup trucks, each truck carrying four fighters, entered... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul |
Persian carpet | The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognized as one of the leading powers of its time, alongside its neighbouring Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years. The Sasanids established their empire roughly within the borders set by the Achaemenids, with the capital at Ctesiphon. Thi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_carpet |
Narmer | Narmer's tomb in Umm el-Qa'ab near Abydos in Upper Egypt consists of two joined chambers (B17 and B18), lined in mud brick. Although both Émile Amélineau and Petrie excavated tombs B17 and B18, it was only in 1964 that Kaiser identified them as being Narmer's. Narmer's tomb is located next to the tombs of Ka, who likel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmer |
Osman Hamdi Bey | Osman Hamdi was the son of Ibrahim Edhem Pasha, an Ottoman Grand Vizier (in office 1877–1878, replacing Midhat Pasha) who was originally a Greek boy from the Ottoman island of Sakız (Chios) orphaned at a very young age following the Chios massacre there. He was adopted by Kaptan-ı Derya (Grand Admiral) Hüsrev Pasha and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Hamdi_Bey |
Science and technology in Morocco | The Moroccan Innovation Strategy was launched at the country's first National Innovation Summit in June 2009 by the Ministry of Industry, Commerce, Investment and the Digital Economy. It has three main thrusts:
to develop domestic demand for innovation;
foster public–private linkages; and
introduce innovative funding... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Morocco |
Ash'arism | Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī was born in Basra, Iraq, and was a descendant of Abū Mūsa al-Ashʿarī, which belonged to the first generation of Muhammad's closest companions (ṣaḥāba). As a young man he studied under al-Jubba'i, a renowned teacher of Muʿtazilite theology and philosophy. He was noted for his teachings on atomism... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%27arism |
Marriage in Islam | In today's world, Muslims practice Islamic marital laws in a multitude of ways all over the globe. In the United States, for example, 95% of Muslim American couples included in a 2012 study by the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding had completed both the Nikkah and had obtained a civil marriage license, whic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam |
Al-Andalus | In Córdoba, Abd ar-Rahman I built the Great Mosque of Córdoba in 785. It was expanded multiple times up until the 10th century, and after the Reconquista it was converted into a Catholic cathedral. Its key features include a hypostyle hall with marble columns supporting two-tiered arches, a horseshoe-arch mihrab, ribbe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus |
Cosmology in the Muslim world | The Hellenistic Greek astronomer Seleucus of Seleucia, who advocated a heliocentric model in the 2nd century BC, wrote a work that was later translated into Arabic. A fragment of his work has survived only in Arabic translation, which was later referred to by the Persian philosopher Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (865–9... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology_in_the_Muslim_world |
Algerian War | Recurrent cabinet crises focused attention on the inherent instability of the Fourth Republic and increased the misgivings of the army and of the pieds-noirs that the security of Algeria was being undermined by party politics. Army commanders chafed at what they took to be inadequate and incompetent political initiativ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_War |
French Algeria | On 5 July 1830, Hussein Dey, regent of Algiers, signed the act of capitulation to the Régence, which committed General de Bourmont and France "not to infringe on the freedom of people of all classes and their religion ."
Muslims still remain submitted to the Muslim Customary law and Jews to the Law of Moses; all of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Algeria |
Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world | The influence of medieval Arab-Islamic mathematics to the rest of the world is wide and profound, in both the realm of science and mathematics. The knowledge of the Arabs went into the western world through Spain and Sicily during the translation movement. "The Moors (western Mohammedans from that part of North Africa ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world |
Durrani Empire | The Mughal power in northern India had been declining after the death of Emperor Aurangzeb, who died in 1707. In 1751–52, the Ahamdiya treaty was signed between the Marathas and Mughals, when Balaji Bajirao was the Peshwa. Through this treaty, the Marathas controlled virtually the whole of India from their capital at P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durrani_Empire |
Knafeh | A common story is that the dish was created, and prescribed by doctors, to satisfy the hunger of caliphs during Ramadan. The story is variously said to have happened in Fatimid Egypt, or in the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus, Syria, where Levantine dessert makers prepared it for Mu'awiya I,
to reduce hunger during fast... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knafeh |
Egypt | In 1914 the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in alliance with the Central Empires; Khedive Abbas II (who had grown increasingly hostile to the British in preceding years) decided to support the motherland in war. Following such decision, the British forcibly removed him from power and replaced him with his brother Hu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt |
2012–2013 Egyptian protests | On 2 June, former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak was sentenced to life in prison, for complicity in the killings of protesters by police, during the revolution that eventually toppled him, in 2011. However, the judge also found him not guilty, on corruption charges. This, and the fact that he had not received the dea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Egyptian_protests |
Bartella | On August 31, 2004, three girls from Bartella were slaughtered while returning home from their work at a hospital in Mosul where they worked. On November 19, 2004, two brothers from Bartella were killed while at work when a mortar shell fell on the shop they worked at in Mosul market.
On December 8, 2004, Dr. Ra'ad Aug... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartella |
OPEC Fund for International Development | The OPEC Fund's operations are organized into 10 focus areas:
Agriculture:Funding has helped boost crop and livestock production, as well as improve rural infrastructure, such as irrigation systems and storage facilities for animal fodder. Support has also been extended to help promote agricultural research.
Education... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC_Fund_for_International_Development |
Farouk of Egypt | Upon his coronation, the 16-year-old King Farouk made a public radio address to the nation, the first time a sovereign of Egypt had ever spoken directly to his people in such a way:And if it is God's will to lay on my shoulders at such an early age the responsibility of kingship, I on my part appreciate the duties that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farouk_of_Egypt |
Hijab | On 15 March 2004, France passed a law banning "symbols or clothes through which students conspicuously display their religious affiliation" in public primary schools, middle schools, and secondary schools. In the Belgian city of Maaseik, the niqāb has been banned since 2006. On 13 July 2010, France's lower house of par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijab |
Mount Gerizim | According to the Hebrew Bible, as related in Deuteronomy, when they first entered Canaan, the Israelites celebrated the event with ceremonies of blessings and cursings: the ceremonies of blessings took place on Mount Gerizim, and the cursings on nearby Mount Ebal. The Pulpit Commentary suggests that these mountains wer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Gerizim |
Human rights in Oman | In 2012, armed security forces arrested Sultan al-Saadi, a social media activist. According to reports, authorities detained him at an unknown location for one month for comments he posted online critical of the government. Authorities previously arrested al-Saadi in 2011 for participating in protests and again in 2012... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Oman |
Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction | Lord Byron's 1816 poem "Darkness", included in The Prisoner of Chillon collection, on the apocalyptic end of the world and one man's survival, was one of the earliest English-language works in this genre. The sun was blotted out, leading to darkness and cold which kills off mankind through famine and ice-age conditions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction |
Tunisia | After the liberation of Tunisia from the Germans, the French regained control over the government and made participation in a nationalist party illegal once more. Moncef Bey, who was popular amongst Tunisians, was deposed by the French. The French claimed that his removal was due to him being sympathetic to the Axis co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia |
1958 Lebanon crisis | Eisenhower responded by authorizing Operation Blue Bat on 15 July 1958, in the first application of the Eisenhower Doctrine in which the US announced that it would intervene to protect regimes that it considered to be threatened by international communism. The goal of the operation was to bolster Chamoun's pro-Western ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis |
Ismail Ibn Sharif | Castries, Henry, ed. (1903). Moulay Ismail et Jacques II; une apologie de l'Islam par un sultan du Maroc [Moulay Ismail and Jacques II; an apology for Islam by a Sultan of Morocco].
al-Nasiri, Ahmad ibn Khalid (1906). The Book of Investigation for News of the Nations of the Islamic Far West. Vol. 2. Paris.{{cite book}}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Ibn_Sharif |
2018 Tunisian protests | The majority of the protests remained peaceful, yet some turned into more violent confrontations between the police and the protestors. These violent-clashes can be depicted in the way the government reacted towards the protests, doing so quite harshly. In the town 'EttadHamen' the government used teargas to suppress t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Tunisian_protests |
Palestinian territories | The political status of the territories has been the subject of negotiations between Israel and the PLO and of numerous statements and resolutions by the United Nations. (See List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel.) Since 1994, the autonomous Palestinian National Authority has exercised various degrees of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_territories |
Bahrain | On 15 August 1971, though the Shah of Iran was claiming historical sovereignty over Bahrain, he accepted a referendum held by the United Nations and eventually Bahrain declared independence and signed a new treaty of friendship with the United Kingdom. Bahrain joined the United Nations and the Arab League later in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain |
Byzantine Empire | Basil I (r. 867–886) continued Michael's policies. His armies campaigned with mixed results in Italy but defeated the Paulicians of Tephrike. His successor Leo VI (r. 886–912) compiled and propagated a huge number of written works. These included the Basilika, a Greek translation of Justinian I's law-code which include... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire |
Temple of Dendur | Amelia Edwards, an English writer who visited the temple on her 19th-century tour up the Nile, wrote:At Dendoor, when the sun is setting...we visit a tiny Temple on the western bank. It stands out above the river surrounded by a wall of enclosure...The whole thing is like an exquisite toy, so covered with sculptures, s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Dendur |
Tourism in Lebanon | Mseilha Fort is a medieval fortification situated north of the city of Batroun in Lebanon. The current fort was built by Emir Fakhreddine II in the 17th century to guard the route from Tripoli to Beirut. The fort is built on a long, narrow limestone rock near the Nahr el-Jawz River. Its walls are constructed with small... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Lebanon |
Qira'at | In the meantime, before the variations were finally committed entirely to writing, the Quran was preserved by recitation from one generation to the next. Doing the reciting were prominent reciters of a style of narration who had memorized the Quran (known as hafiz). According to Csaba Okváth,
It was during the period... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qira%27at |
Miniature (illuminated manuscript) | The earliest extant miniatures are a series of uncolored pen drawings in the Chronograph of 354, which was lost after the Renaissance, but is known from copies. Fragments of some heavily illustrated luxury manuscripts from before about 450 have survived to the modern day. The Cotton Genesis was mostly destroyed by fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript) |
Islamic economics | Fiqh (religious law) has developed several traditional concepts having to do with economics. These included:
Zakat – the "charitable taxing of certain assets, such as currency, gold, or harvest, with an eye to allocating these taxes to eight expenditures that are also explicitly defined in the Quran, such as aid to th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_economics |
Humayun's Tomb | Before the restoration work was undertaken, vandalism and illegal encroachments were rampant at the site of the tomb, presenting a serious danger to the preservation of the tomb. At the main entrance of Humayun's Tomb, dingy stalls had been put up under a very corrupt system of municipal patronage known as tehbazari, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb |
Erbil | The Citadel of Erbil is a tell or occupied mound in the historical heart of Erbil, rising between 25 and 32 metres (82 and 105 ft) from the surrounding plain. The buildings on top of the tell stretch over a roughly oval area of 430 by 340 metres (1,410 ft × 1,120 ft) occupying 102,000 square metres (1,100,000 sq ft). I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbil |
Peasants' revolt in Palestine | In consolidating his power, Muhammad Ali, the rebel governor of Ottoman Egypt, was modeling his rule on the bureaucratic organization characteristic of modern European states. Like earlier rulers of Egypt, Muhammad Ali sought to extend his control over greater Syria (the Levant) for its strategic value and natural reso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasants%27_revolt_in_Palestine |
Dromedary | The dromedary generally suffers from fewer diseases than other domestic livestock such as goats and cattle. Temperature fluctuations occur throughout the day in a healthy dromedary – the temperature falls to its minimum at dawn, rises until sunset and falls during the night. Nervous camels may vomit if they are careles... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromedary |
Abbas the Great | After the queen's death, Hamza Mirza, aged eleven, was proclaimed crown prince. The Qizilbash found no reason to fear a child. So they took control over the realm while fighting among themselves over the division of power. The conflict was most intense at the court in Qazvin and in Khorasan, where Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_the_Great |
Ridda Wars | In May 632, Muhammad ordered a large expedition to be prepared against the Byzantine Empire in order to avenge the martyrs of the Battle of Mu'tah. He appointed Usama ibn Zayd, the son of Zayd ibn Harithah who was killed in the Battle at Mu'tah, as commander of this force so he could avenge the death of his father. How... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridda_Wars |
Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia | The first Majlis ash-Shura (Consultative Assembly) was founded by King Abdulaziz on 13 January 1926. It was first named the Shura Council of the Hijaz and chaired by his son, King Faisal. However, the complete institutionalization of the assembly was finalized in 1932. Later, it was expanded to include twenty-five mem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consultative_Assembly_of_Saudi_Arabia |
Comparative religion | In the study of comparative religion, the category of Abrahamic religions consists of the three monotheistic religions, Christianity, Islam and Judaism, which claim Abraham (Hebrew Avraham אַבְרָהָם; Arabic Ibrahim إبراهيم ) as a part of their sacred history. Smaller religions such as Baháʼí Faith that fit this descrip... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_religion |
Ibn Tufayl | Ibn Tufayl was the author of Ḥayy bin Yaqẓān (Arabic: حي بن يقظان, lit. 'Alive, son of Awake'), also known as Philosophus Autodidactus in Latin, a philosophical romance and allegorical novel inspired by Avicennism and Sufism, and which tells the story of an autodidactic feral child, raised by a gazelle and living alone... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Tufayl |
Sinai and Palestine campaign | As the dry season approached Allenby intended to advance to secure Tiberias, Haifa and the Yarmuk Valley towards Hauran, the Sea of Galilee and Damascus. The peoples inhabiting the region of the Sharon battlefield varied greatly in their background, religious beliefs and political outlook. Living from Jericho northward... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign |
History of domes in South Asia | The first major Mughal building is the domed tomb of Humayun, built between 1562 and 1571 by a Persian architect. The central dome likely has a core of brick, as can be seen in the later stripped tomb of Khan-i-Khanan. The central dome is faced with marble blocks in attached to the core by alternating wide and narrow l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_domes_in_South_Asia |
Menelik II | Previous to his marriage to Taytu Betul, Menelik fathered several natural children. Among them, he chose to recognise three specific children (two daughters and one son) as being his progeny. These were:
A daughter, Woizero Shoaregga Menelik, born 1867. She would marry twice and become the mother of:
A son, Abeto Woss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II |
Syrian literature | Since 1960, the year he published his first collection of short stories, Zakaria Tamer has been one of the best-known prose authors among the Arab public. In his work, he places figures from the Arabic literary tradition in new contexts and thus alludes to the present of his readers. Apart from many short stories, Tame... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_literature |
Politics of the Comoros | Sultanates in the late nineteenth century used a cyclic age system and hierarchical lineage membership to provide the foundation for participation in the political process. In the capital, "the sultan was assisted by his ministers and by a madjelis, an advisory council composed of elders, whom he consulted regularly". ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_Comoros |
Women in Iraq | Some reported issues related to women in Kurdish society include genital mutilation, honor killings, domestic violence, female infanticide and polygamy. Majority of reports have come from Iraq where the Kurdish and Iraqi population have been poorly educated and illiteracy is still a big problem among citizens. However... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Iraq |
Mauritania | A Mauritanian lawmaker, Mohammed Al Mukhtar, claimed that many of the country's people supported the takeover of a government that had become "an authoritarian regime" under a president who had "marginalized the majority in parliament". However, Abdel Aziz's regime was isolated internationally, and became subject to di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania |
Legal system of Saudi Arabia | The U.S. State department considers that “discrimination against women is a significant problem” in Saudi Arabia and that women have few political or social rights. After her 2008 visit, the UN special rapporteur on violence against women noted the lack of women's autonomy and the absence of a law criminalizing violenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_system_of_Saudi_Arabia |
Ahmadiyya in Egypt | As evinced by Abu᾽l-῾Ata Jalandhari’s foreword to his 1933 tract The Cairo Debate, Ahmadi activity in the Arab world during this period was primarily concerned with counteracting Christian missionary efforts against Islam and regenerating what the movement believed was the true Islamic spirit among Muslims. In this con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Egypt |
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