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Khor Fakkan
Khorfakkan has a long history of human settlement. There is evidence of post holes from the wooden uprights of the traditional barasti huts known as areesh, similar to those found at Tell Abraq which dates from the 3rd to 1st millennium BC. Excavations by a team from the Sharjah Archaeological Museum have identified 34...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khor_Fakkan
Dick Dale
Dale began playing in local country western rockabilly bars where he met Texas Tiny in 1955, who gave him the name "Dick Dale" because he thought it was a good name for a country singer. Dale employed non-Western scales in his playing. He regularly used reverb, which became a trademark of surf guitar. Being lefthanded...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Dale
Leopard
The leopard has the largest distribution of all wild cats, occurring widely in Africa and Asia, although populations are fragmented and declining. It inhabits foremost savanna and rainforest, and areas where grasslands, woodlands and riparian forests remain largely undisturbed. It also persists in urban environments, i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard
Tunisian revolution
On 28 November 2010, WikiLeaks and five major newspapers (Spain's El País, France's Le Monde, Germany's Der Spiegel, the United Kingdom's The Guardian, and the United States' The New York Times) simultaneously published the first 220 of 251,287 leaked documents labeled confidential. These included descriptions of corru...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_revolution
Sudan
In 1821, the Ottoman ruler of Egypt, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, had invaded and conquered northern Sudan. Although technically the Vali of Egypt under the Ottoman Empire, Muhammad Ali styled himself as Khedive of a virtually independent Egypt. Seeking to add Sudan to his domains, he sent his third son Ismail (not to be con...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan
Galkayo
At its founding, the city was primarily inhabited by pastoralists, who sporadically fought in clan groups over resources like water and grazing land. In particular, the Darod, dominant in the north of the city, and the Hawiye, dominant in the south of the city, fought over the city due to their long-standing rivalry. G...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galkayo
History of logic
After Boole, the next great advances were made by the German mathematician Gottlob Frege. Frege's objective was the program of Logicism, i.e. demonstrating that arithmetic is identical with logic. Frege went much further than any of his predecessors in his rigorous and formal approach to logic, and his calculus or Beg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_logic
History of mathematics
Although ethnic Greek mathematicians continued under the rule of the late Roman Republic and subsequent Roman Empire, there were no noteworthy native Latin mathematicians in comparison. Ancient Romans such as Cicero (106–43 BC), an influential Roman statesman who studied mathematics in Greece, believed that Roman surve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics
Constitution of Pakistan
Constitutional crisis grew further when the AL refused to make concessions over its six points to draft the constitution and instead maintaining that the AL was able to frame a constitution and to form a central government on its own. The PPP was not willing to dilute the authority of the federal government in spite of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan
Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
In the 1920s, the British imposed restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine and the ability of Jews to buy land, claiming that these decisions were taken due to concerns over the economic absorptive capacity of the country. In the 1930s, British authorities set a quota for immigration certificates and authorised ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine
African Union
From the early 1990s up until 2000, Somalia was without a functioning central government. A peace agreement aimed at ending the civil war that broke out following the collapse of the Siad Barre regime was signed in 2006 after many years of peace talks. However, the new government was almost immediately threatened by fu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union
Shuruppak
Andrae, W., "Aus einem Berichte W. Andrae's über seineExkursion von Fara nach den südbabylonischen Ruinenstätten(TellǏd, Jǒcha und Hamam)", Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft,16, pp. 16–24, 1902 (in german) Andrae, W., "Die Umgebung von Fara und Abu Hatab (Fara,Bismaja, Abu Hatab, Hˇetime, Dschidr und Juba’...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuruppak
Yusuf Za'arur
Za'arur was born in 1902 in Baghdad to a noble family with many children. As a child, he was swept away by the music and melodies in the synagogue and built himself a qanun-like instrument against the wishes of his parents, who feared that music would disrupt his general studies and Torah studies at the yeshiva. At the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Za%27arur
Arabic hip hop
Refugees Of Rap (Arabic: لاجئي الراب; French: "Les Réfugiés Du Rap") is a Syrian-Palestinian hip-hop group based in Paris, France. Two brothers, Yaser and Mohamed Jamous, created the group in 2007, in a Palestinian refugee camp in Yarmouk, Syria. The brothers' texts offer a glimpse of life in the camp and denounce the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_hip_hop
Fiqh
The Quran set the rights, responsibilities, and rules for people and societies to adhere to, such as dealing in interest. Muhammad then provided an example, which is recorded in the hadith books, showing people how he practically implemented these rules in a society. After the passing of Muhammad, there was a need for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqh
Circassians in Syria
Circassians began a forced migration from their homeland in the Northwest Caucasus region to the Ottoman Empire following the Russian–Circassian War in 1864. While they originally settled in parts of Anatolia and the Balkans, they began emigrating to the empire's Syrian provinces (the Levant) in large numbers (about 70...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circassians_in_Syria
Marsh Arabs
The marshes had for some time been considered a refuge for elements persecuted by the government of Saddam Hussein, as in past centuries they had been a refuge for escaped slaves and serfs, such as during the Zanj Rebellion. By the mid-1980s, a low-level insurgency against Ba'athist drainage and resettlement projects h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_Arabs
Constantine the Great
Diocletian had chosen Nicomedia in the East as his capital during the Tetrarchy—not far from Byzantium, well situated to defend Thrace, Asia, and Egypt, all of which had required his military attention. Constantine had recognised the shift of the empire from the remote and depopulated West to the richer cities of the E...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great
1991 Iraqi uprisings
In March and early April, nearly two million Iraqis, 1.5 million of them Kurds, escaped from strife-torn cities to the mountains along the northern borders, into the southern marshes, and to Turkey and Iran. By April 6, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNCHR) estimated that about 750,000 Iraqi Kurds h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings
Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
The public resentment against the autocratic leadership of President Hosni Mubarak erupted into mass protests in late January 2011, following the Tunisian revolution that overthrew President Ben Ali in mid-January. Hundreds of thousands of Egyptians occupied several public places across Egypt, with Cairo's Tahrir Squar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)
Ghurabiya
The Ghurabiyya Shi‘a had the following beliefs: God's knowledge is temporally produced. God does not know anything until after he creates it. God may change his mind about matters just like a person who acquires one opinion after another. This belief was an extreme form of Bada’. Ali was supposed to be the Messenger a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghurabiya
Baqashot
There is a total of 66 songs in the Syrian baqashot book, and the collection is now regarded as closed, unlike the general body of pizmonim, where new pizmonim are still composed for special occasions. Each song is shown with its maqam, but they follow a fixed order of recitation which does not depend on the maqamat of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baqashot
Middle Ages
The expansion of population, greater agricultural productivity, and relative political stability laid the foundations for the commercial revolution in the 11th century. People with surplus cash began investing in commodities such as salt, pepper, silk, wine and honey in faraway markets. Rising trade brought new methods...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages
Banu Judham
During the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the Judham rejected Islam and remained loyal to the Byzantine Empire. They blocked Muhammad's northward expansion into Syria by fighting alongside the Byzantines at the Battle of Mu'ta in 629. One of their clans, the Dhubayb, afterward converted to Islam, but the tri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Judham
Abbas the Great
Consorts A Circassian concubine, mother of Mohammad Baqer Mirza; Fakhr Jahan Begum, daughter of King Bagrat VII of Kartli and Queen Anna of Kakheti, and mother of Zubayda Begum; A daughter of Mustafa Mirza (m. 1587), daughter of Mustafa Mirza, son of Shah Tahmasp I; Olghan Pasha Khanum (m. 1587), daughter of Husayn Mir...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_the_Great
Meknes
The palace complex or "imperial city" of Sultan Moulay Isma'il was constructed over his entire 55-year reign from 1672 to 1727 (with some elements finished or remodeled shortly after). It occupies the site of the city's former medieval kasbah (citadel) and stretches over an area approximately four times larger than the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meknes
Human rights in Bahrain
According to The Christian Science Monitor, Bahrain is practicing "a form of sectarian apartheid by not allowing Shiites to hold key government posts or serve in the police or military. In fact, the security forces are staffed by Sunnis from Syria and Pakistan who also get fast-tracked to Bahraini citizenship, much to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bahrain
Ancient Carthage
Like the republics of the Latin and Hellenistic worlds, Carthage may have had a notion of citizenship, distinguishing those in society who could participate in the political process and who had certain rights, privileges, and duties. However, it remains uncertain whether such a distinction existed, much less the specif...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Carthage
Mu'tazilism
Facing the problem of existence of evil in the world, the Mu'tazilis pointed at the free will of human beings, so that evil was defined as something that stems from the errors in human acts. God does nothing ultimately evil, and he demands not from any human to perform any evil act. If man's evil acts had been from the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilism
Zenobia
The Palmyrene monarchy was new; allegiance was based on loyalty to Odaenathus, making the transfer of power to a successor more difficult than it would have been in an established monarchy. Odaenathus tried to ensure the dynasty's future by crowning his eldest son co-king, but both were assassinated. Zenobia, left to s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenobia
History of the Jews in Iraq
Mithridates (174–136 BCE) subjugated, about the year 160, the province of Babylonia, and thus the Jews for four centuries came under Parthian domination. Jewish sources contain no mention of Parthian influence; the very name "Parthian" does not occur, unless "Parthian" is meant by "Persian", which occurs now and then. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq
Camel
The United States Army established the U.S. Camel Corps, stationed in California, in the 19th century. One may still see stables at the Benicia Arsenal in Benicia, California, where they nowadays serve as the Benicia Historical Museum. Though the experimental use of camels was seen as a success (John B. Floyd, Secretar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel
Mu'awiya I
Mu'awiya initiated the Arab naval campaigns against the Byzantines in the eastern Mediterranean, requisitioning the harbors of Tripoli, Beirut, Tyre, Acre, and Jaffa. Umar had rejected Mu'awiya's request to launch a naval invasion of Cyprus, citing concerns about the Muslim forces' safety at sea, but Uthman allowed him...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I
Kalam cosmological argument
Given that the Kalam cosmological argument is a deductive argument, if both premises are true, the truth of the conclusion follows necessarily. In a critique of Craig's book The Kalam Cosmological Argument, published in 1979, Michael Martin states: "It should be obvious that Craig's conclusion that a single personal a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalam_cosmological_argument
Simeon I of Bulgaria
Having dealt with the pressure from the Magyars and the Byzantines, Simeon was free to plan a campaign against the Magyars looking for retribution. He negotiated a joint force with the Magyars' eastern neighbours, the Pechenegs, and imprisoned the Byzantine envoy Leo Choirosphaktes in order to delay the release of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria
Early modern European cuisine
For most of Europe, the many varieties of grain were the most important crop and formed the daily staple for segments of society. The differentiation was in the varieties, its quality and how it was prepared. The lower classes ate bread that was coarse and of considerably higher bran content while the upper classes enj...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine
National Liberation Front (Algeria)
A historical reference of socialist values is the implementation of the Warnier Law of 1873, which allowed the selling of community land at an individual base toppled the economic power of the Algerian indigenous elites; the elimination of class structure undertoned the later FLN populism and socialist agendas. Such eg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria)
Omar al-Bashir
Since 1968, Sudanese politicians had attempted to create separate factions of "Africans" and "Arabs" in the western area of Darfur, a difficult task as the population were substantially intermarried and could not be distinguished by skin tone. This internal political instability was aggravated by cross-border conflicts...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir
Cradle of civilization
Drawing on archaeology, geology and anthropology, modern scholars do not see the origins of the Chinese civilization or history as a linear story but rather the history of the interactions of different and distinct cultures and ethnic groups that influenced each other's development. The specific cultural regions that d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization
Maslaha
The concept was first clearly articulated by al-Ghazali (died 1111), who argued that maslaha was Allah's general purpose in revealing the divine law, and that its specific aims was preservation of five essentials of human well-being: religion, life, intellect, offspring, and property. Although most classical-era jurist...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslaha
Muslim conquest of Persia
After the Ridda wars, a tribal chief of northeastern Arabia, Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha, raided the Sasanian towns in Mesopotamia, actions that generated a considerable amount of booty was collected. Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha went to Medina to inform Abu Bakr about his success and was appointed commander of his people, afte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia
Islamic calligraphy
In the post-colonial era, artists working in North Africa and the Middle East transformed Arabic calligraphy into a modern art movement, known as the Hurufiyya movement. Artists working in this style use calligraphy as a graphic element within contemporary artwork. The term, hurufiyya is derived from the Arabic term, h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy
M60 tank
The High Performance M60, also called Super M60, was a comprehensive update package for the M60A1 and A3 tanks, first demonstrated and tested in 1985 by Teledyne Continental. The vehicle was developed as a private venture for the export market and was never evaluated for US military service. Unofficially called the M60...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M60_tank
Othello
Adaptations of – or borrowings from – Shakespeare's Othello began shortly after it first appeared, including Middleton & Rowley's 1622 The Changeling, John Ford's 1632 Love's Sacrifice, Thomas Porter's 1662 The Villain and Henry Nevil Payne's 1673 The Fatal Jealousy. Edward Young's 1721 play The Revenge reversed the ra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othello
First Syrian Republic
On 23 December 1925, Henri de Jouvenel was appointed as French High Commissioner for Syria, and on 28 April 1926, the High Commissioner appointed Ahmad Nami as Prime Minister and Head of State, who formed a government consisting of six ministers, three of whom were nationalists, and it was agreed with the French High C...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Syrian_Republic
Refugees of Iraq
On August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. The ensuing 1991 Gulf War produced nearly three million refugees, many of them from Iraq. Almost all them left Iraq and Kuwait before the war started or after Desert Storm was over. The largest groups were the Kurds and Shi'as fleeing Saddam Hussein after a failed uprising, as we...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_of_Iraq
Algerian People's National Army
The major part of Algeria's armed forces are directed towards the country's western border with Morocco and Western Sahara. Algeria supported the guerrilla Western Sahara War (1975–1991) against Moroccan control of Western Sahara by the Polisario Front, a national liberation movement of Sahrawi Bedouin exiled in Algeri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_People%27s_National_Army
Mansour al-Nogaidan
al-Nogaidan's ideological transformation started in the mid-nineties when he been introduced to the heritage of Islamic rationalists and writings of contemporary Muslim thinkers from Morocco and Jordan. In 1999, al-Nogaidan published his first article which highlighted the dispute between the Hadith School "rigid follo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansour_al-Nogaidan
David in Islam
David's narrative in the Quran, in many respects, parallels that given in the Bible. He is named a prophet (nabī) and also a messenger (rasūl), David is included in lists of those who received revelation (waḥy; Q4:163) or guidance (hudā; 6:84) from God. In both lists his name appears next to that of his son Solomon. El...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_in_Islam
Shaitan
Islamic theology usually accepts three types of invisible creatures: angels (malāʾikah), djinn, and devils (šayāṭīn). While good jinn rarely draw the attention of scholars of the Quran (mufassirūn), the supposed negative influence of evil jinn and devils on humans are studied in depth.(p21) The evil jinn are distinguis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaitan
Michel Aflaq
Al-Razzaz, Aflaq's successor as secretary general, came from the pro-Aflaq faction. With the defection of al-Hafez, he ordered that the National Command was the de jure ruling body of the Ba'ath Party. He appointed al-Bitar Prime Minister, Umran defence minister, Mansur al-Atrash as Chairman of the National Council of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Aflaq
Culture of Saudi Arabia
While women were forbidden to drive motor vehicles until June 24, 2018 and were consequently limited in mobility, they traditionally have often had considerable informal power in the home. According to journalist Judith Miller, "some Saudi women were veritable tyrants in their own homes. They decided where their childr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Saudi_Arabia
Marinid Sultanate
Not many Marinid textiles have survived, but it is assumed that luxurious silks continued to be made as in previous periods. The only reliably-dated Marinid textiles extant today are three impressive banners which were captured from Sultan Abu al-Hasan's army in the Battle of Rio Salado in 1340 by Alfonso XI. Today the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinid_Sultanate
Sunni Islam
When the expression 'ahl as-sunna wa l-jama'ah appeared for the first time, is not entirely clear. The Abbasite Caliph Al-Ma'mūn (reigned 813–33) criticized in his Mihna edict a group of people, who related themselves to the sunnah (nasabū anfusa-hum ilā s-sunna) and claimed, they are the "people of truth, religion and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam
Yemenite Jews
A Tunic (Hebrew: חלוק) and habit (Hebrew: סודרא), the latter made with a central hat (Hebrew: כומתא), were the traditional items of clothing worn by a married Jewish man in Yemen. Leading rabbinic scholar and sage, Rabbi Yosef Qafih, described the manner in which they would wrap their habits, saying that the habit was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenite_Jews
Arab Peace Initiative
From its inception in 2002, the Initiative deeply divided the organization. While some leaders have spoken positively about it, others didn't accept the Initiative, which alienated Jordan and Egypt. Some later reports that Hamas accepted the initiative. By 2006, Hamas would sign agreements with Fatah that would agree t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Peace_Initiative
2015 European migrant crisis
In September 2015, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg noted that NATO could play a long-term role stabilizing war-torn countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and in Afghanistan, but that "immediate measures, border, migrant, the discussion about quotas, so on – [are] civilian issues, addressed by the European...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis
History
History of Africa begins with the first emergence of modern human beings on the continent, continuing into its modern present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing states. History of the Americas is the collective history of North and South America, including the Caribbean and Central America. History of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History
Al-Nasir Muhammad
During the third reign of an-Nasir Muhammad, Egypt did not witness any major external threats as both the Crusaders and the Mongols had been weakened by losses in battle and their internal conflicts. However, Mongol ruler Oljeitu besieged Mamluk fortresses but withdrew due to deadly summer heat in 1312–1313. In 1314 th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nasir_Muhammad
2021 Sudanese coup d'état
According to The New York Times, factors motivating the military to halt the transition to democracy included their personal risk of national or international war crimes charges and their risk of losing control of the gold trade. Jonas Horner of the International Crisis Group predicted strong civilian resistance to the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat
Safavid Iran
Isfahan bears the most prominent samples of the Safavid architecture, all constructed in the years after Shah Abbas I permanently moved the capital there in 1598: the Imperial Mosque, Masjid-e Shah, completed in 1630, the Imam Mosque (Masjid-e Imami) the Lutfallah Mosque and the Royal Palace. According to William Cleve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_Iran
Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi
As the primary vehicle of human expression, language has the capacity to convey the most profound experiences available to human beings. For Qūnavī, its “devices of conveyance” (adawāt al-tawṣīl) disclosed “incorporeal and immaterial meanings,” which he explored at a certain remove from the original experience that pre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadr_al-Din_al-Qunawi
Fatimid Caliphate
By 1072, in a desperate attempt to save Egypt, al-Mustansir recalled general Badr al-Jamali, who was at the time the governor of Acre. Badr led his troops into Egypt, entered Cairo in January 1074, and successfully suppressed the different groups of the rebelling armies. As a result, Badr was made vizier, becoming one ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate
Wild boar
Boars are typically social animals, living in female-dominated sounders consisting of barren sows and mothers with young led by an old matriarch. Male boars leave their sounder at the age of 8–15 months, while females either remain with their mothers or establish new territories nearby. Subadult males may live in loose...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_boar
River delta
River deltas form when a river carrying sediment reaches a body of water, such as a lake, ocean, or a reservoir. When the flow enters the standing water, it is no longer confined to its channel and expands in width. This flow expansion results in a decrease in the flow velocity, which diminishes the ability of the flo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_delta
Atatürk's reforms
The adoption of the Latin script and the purging of foreign loan words was part of Atatürk's program of modernization. The two important ends were sought, which were the democratization of writing and language, and the 'secularization' of the Turkish language. Turkish had been written using a Turkish form of the Perso-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_reforms
Adultery
Both Judaism and Christianity base their injunction against adultery on passages in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament in Christianity), which firstly prohibits adultery in the Seventh Commandment: "Thou shalt not commit adultery." (Exodus 20:12). However, Judaism and Christianity differ on what actually constitutes adult...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adultery
Impalement
Within the Ottoman Empire, some civil crimes (rather than rebel activity/treasonous behavior), such as highway robbery, might be punished by impalement. For some periods at least, executions for civil crimes were claimed to have been rather rare in the Ottoman Empire. Aubry de La Motraye lived in the realm for 14 years...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalement
1991 Iraqi uprisings
In southeastern Iraq, thousands of civilians, army deserters, and rebels began seeking precarious shelter in remote areas of the Hawizeh Marshes straddling the Iranian border. After the uprising, the Marsh Arabs were singled out for mass reprisals, accompanied by ecologically catastrophic drainage of the Iraqi marshlan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings
Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian Arabic has no official status and is not officially recognized as a language. Standard Arabic is the official language of the state as per constitutional law with the name اللغة العربية al-luġa al-ʿarabiyyah, lit. "Arabic language". Interest in the local vernacular began in the 1800s (in opposition to the lang...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic
Battle of the Nile
As the sun rose at 04:00 on 2 August, firing broke out once again between the French southern division of Guillaume Tell, Tonnant, Généreux and Timoléon and the battered Alexander and Majestic. Although briefly outmatched, the British ships were soon joined by Goliath and Theseus. As Captain Miller manoeuvred his ship ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile
1986 FIFA World Cup
Belgium beat the Soviet Union 4–3, despite a hat-trick by the Soviets' Igor Belanov. The game was level at 2–2 after 90 minutes, and in extra time Stephane Demol and Nico Claesen put Belgium 4–2 up. Belanov scored from the penalty spot with nine minutes remaining, but neither he nor any of his teammates could find a fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup
Mediterranean Sea
The Ancient Egyptians called the Mediterranean Wadj-wr/Wadj-Wer/Wadj-Ur. This term (literally "great green") was the name given by the Ancient Egyptians to the semi-solid, semi-aquatic region characterized by papyrus forests to the north of the cultivated Nile delta, and, by extension, the sea beyond. The Ancient Greek...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea
Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba
Abd al-Rahman III added the mosque's first minaret (tower used by the muezzin for the call to prayer) in the mid-10th century. The minaret has since disappeared after it was partly demolished and encased in the Renaissance bell tower that is visible today. It was designed by Hernán Ruiz III and built between 1593 and 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque%E2%80%93Cathedral_of_C%C3%B3rdoba
Mu'awiya I
After Muhammad died in 632, Abu Bakr became caliph (leader of the Muslim community). He and his successors Umar, Uthman, and Ali are often known as the Rashidun ('rightly-guided') caliphs to distinguish them from Mu'awiya and his Umayyad dynastic successors. Having to contend with challenges to his leadership from the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I
Comparative religion
A Taoic religion is a religion, or religious philosophy, that focuses on the East Asian concept of Tao ("The Way"). This forms a large group of eastern religions including Taoism, Confucianism, Jeung San Do, Shintoism, I-Kuan Tao, Chondogyo, and Chen Tao. In large parts of East Asia, Buddhism has taken on some taoic fe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_religion
Tannourine
Tannourine hosts a remarkably large number of monuments dating back to the Phoenician, Roman and Greek eras. In the valley of Tannourine-Al-Tahta lies a nearly-intact Roman aqueduct and a decrepit reservoir and Roman Cistern at its side. It is a testament that the fertility of that valley was being exploited since at l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannourine
Failed state
The term "failed state" has faced criticism along two main strands. The first argues that the term lends itself to overgeneralization, by lumping together different governance problems amongst diverse countries, and without accounting for variations of governance within states. The second is concerned with the politica...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state
History of the Middle East
The worldwide change of governance in Eastern Europe, Latin America, East Asia, and parts of Africa following the dissolution of the Soviet Union did not occur in the Middle East. In the whole region, only Israel, Turkey and to some extent Lebanon and the Palestinian territories were considered to be democracies. Some ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_East
Asia
The polymath Rabindranath Tagore, a Bengali poet, dramatist, and writer from Santiniketan, now in West Bengal, India, became in 1913 the first Asian Nobel laureate. He won his Nobel Prize in Literature for notable impact his prose works and poetic thought had on English, French, and other national literatures of Europe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia
Palestinian Arabic
Prior to their adoption of the Arabic language from the seventh century onwards, most of the inhabitants of Palestine spoke varieties of Palestinian Aramaic (Jewish, Christian, Samaritan) as a native language. Koine Greek was used among the Hellenized elite and aristocracy, and Mishanic Hebrew for liturgical purpo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic
Emerald Tablet
Badawi, Abd al-Rahman (1954). al-Usūl al-Yūnāniyya li-l-naẓariyyāt al-siyāsiyya fī al-islām. Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahḍa al-Miṣriyya. OCLC 12629786. Bull, Christian H. (2018). The Tradition of Hermes Trismegistus: The Egyptian Priestly Figure as a Teacher of Hellenized Wisdom. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World: 186. Lei...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald_Tablet
Ottoman Turkish
English V. H. Hagopian (1907). Ottoman-Turkish conversation-grammar: a practical method of learning the Ottoman-Turkish language, Volume 1. D. Nutt. Online copies: [1], [2], [3] Charles Wells (1880). A practical grammar of the Turkish language (as spoken and written). B. Quaritch. Online copies from Google Books: [4],...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish
Somalia
Agriculture is the most important economic sector of Somalia. It accounts for about 65% of the GDP and employs 65% of the workforce. Livestock contributes about 40% to GDP and more than 50% of export earnings. Other principal exports include fish, charcoal and bananas; sugar, sorghum and corn are products for the domes...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia
Gamal Abdel Nasser
In Lebanon, clashes between pro-Nasser factions and supporters of staunch Nasser opponent, then-President Camille Chamoun, culminated in civil strife by May. The former sought to unite with the UAR, while the latter sought Lebanon's continued independence. Nasser delegated oversight of the issue to Sarraj, who provided...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Phoenician language
Phoenician was written with the Phoenician script, an abjad (consonantary) originating from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet that also became the basis for the Greek alphabet and, via an Etruscan adaptation, the Latin alphabet. The Punic form of the script gradually developed somewhat different and more cursive letter shap...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_language
History of Palestinian journalism
The Palestinian press was suppressed due to the outbreak of World War I in 1914, and only two main newspapers from the Ottoman period were reopened during the British Mandate, Al-Karmil and Falastin. During the mandate period, the press became more diverse than in the Ottoman period, and reflected different political f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Palestinian_journalism
Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
Pakistan's uranium infrastructure is based on the use of gas centrifuges to produce highly enriched uranium (HEU) at the Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) at Kahuta. Responding to India's nuclear test in 1974, Munir Khan launched the uranium program, codename Project-706 under the aegis of the PAEC. Physical chemist, Dr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Quran
Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2022). The Religion and Rituals of the Nomads of Pre-Islamic Arabia: A Reconstruction Based on the Safaitic Inscriptions. Brill. Allen, Roger (2000). An Introduction to Arabic literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77657-8. Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin; Reichmut...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran
Edom
The Edomites' original country, according to the Hebrew Bible, stretched from the Sinai peninsula as far as Kadesh Barnea. It reached as far south as Eilat, which was the seaport of Edom. On the north of Edom was the territory of Moab. The boundary between Moab and Edom was the brook of Zered. The ancient capital of Ed...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom
Zinc
Nearly two billion people in the developing world are deficient in zinc. Groups at risk include children in developing countries and elderly with chronic illnesses. In children, it causes an increase in infection and diarrhea and contributes to the death of about 800,000 children worldwide per year. The World Health Or...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc
Huni
The Horus name of Huni is unknown. There are several theories to connect the cartouche name "Huni" with contemporary Horus names. In the late 1960s, the Louvre Museum bought a stele showing a king whose Horus name is Horus-Qahedjet ("the crown of Horus is raised"). For stylistical reasons the stele may be dated to the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huni
Angel
According to Kabbalah, there are four worlds and our world is the last world: the world of action (Assiyah). Angels exist in the worlds above as a 'task' of God. They are an extension of God to produce effects in this world. After an angel has completed its task, it ceases to exist. The angel is in effect the task. Thi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel
War crimes during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
On 13 July 2023, a UN investigation discovered a mass grave of 87 individuals, all Masalit civilians, near Geneina, allegedly killed by the RSF between 13 and 21 June. The Darfur Bar Association reported the next day that the refugee camps of Kreinik and Sirba were under siege by the RSF. All makeshift shelters and ref...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)
Fez, Morocco
Two municipalities (Arabic: جماعتين حضريتين, French: communes) in the Fez Prefecture (Arabic: عمالة فاس) make up the city of Fez. Most of Fez is administered as the municipality of Fez, while the neighborhood of Fes Jdid is administered separately as the municipality of Méchouar Fès Jdid. Outside of the city, there are...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez,_Morocco
Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Mohamed is married to Sheikha Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan. They married in 1980. They have nine children together, four sons and five daughters. They have two adopted daughters, and together they have 21 grandchildren. Sheikha Mariam bint Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. She is married to Sheikh Mohammed bin Tahnoun Al N...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan
Babylonia
Medical diagnosis and prognosis We find [medical semiotics] in a whole constellation of disciplines. ... There was a real common ground among these [Babylonian] forms of knowledge ... an approach involving analysis of particular cases, constructed only through traces, symptoms, hints. ... In short, we can speak about ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia
Oromo language
The table below shows the conjugation in the affirmative and negative of the verb beek- 'know'. The first person singular present and past affirmative forms require the suffix -n to appear on the word preceding the verb or the word nan before the verb. The negative particle hin, shown as a separate word in the table, i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oromo_language
Arab citizens of Israel
Surveys of Arab-Israeli self-identification are diverse, and have often presented differing if not contradictory results. In 2017 the Konrad Adenauer Foundation's Program for Jewish-Arab Cooperation at the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies at Tel Aviv University conducted a telephone poll, in wh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel
2014 Gaza War
A total of 67 IDF soldiers were killed, including one who died of his injuries after two and a half years in a coma, two soldiers – Staff Sergeant Oron Shaul and Second Lieutenant Hadar Goldin – whose bodies are believed to be held in Gaza, and an off-duty soldier who was killed in a rocket attack near his hometown whi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Gaza_War