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Anthony Eden | Eden had a stomach ulcer, exacerbated by overwork, as early as the 1920s. He also had gallstones, requiring surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). The physician consulted at the time was the Royal Physician, Sir Horace Evans. Three surgeons were recommended and Eden chose the one that had previously perfo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Eden |
Abd Allah ibn Sa'd | Although al-Sarh was noted to have left Islam before later returning, the authenticity of the report claiming Muhammad had fabricated revelations has been graded as disconnected and fabricated (Mawḍūʻ) by the hadith scholars. The report was narrated by Muhammad bin al-Sa'ib al-Kalbi from Abi Saleh, who attributed it to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Sa%27d |
Islam in Africa | The presence of Islam in Africa can be traced to the 7th century CE, when in Rajab 8 BH, or May 614 CE, Muhammad advised a number of his early disciples, who were facing persecution by the polytheistic inhabitants of the Mecca, to seek refuge across the Red Sea in Axum. In the Muslim tradition, this event is known as t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Africa |
Al-Kindi | Al-Kindi took his view of the solar system from Ptolemy, who placed the Earth at the centre of a series of concentric spheres, in which the known heavenly bodies (the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and the stars) are embedded. In one of his treatises on the subject, he says that these bodies are rational... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi |
Kuwait International Airport | The airport was first launched in 1927–1928. It was originally envisioned as a stop for British planes on their way to British India. The current main airport structure, designed by Kenzo Tange and opened in 1979, was executed and completed by Al Hani Construction in a joint venture with Ballast Nedam of The Netherland... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_International_Airport |
Islamic banking and finance | Muhammad El-Gamal argues that because Islamic financial products imitate conventional financial products but operate in accordance with the rules of shariah, different products will require additional jurist and lawyer fees, "multiple sales, special-purpose vehicles, and documentations of title". In addition there will... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance |
Samantha Power | After graduating from Yale, Power worked at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace as a researcher for Carnegie's then-President Morton Abramowitz. From 1993 to 1996, she worked as a war correspondent, covering the Yugoslav Wars for U.S. News & World Report, The Boston Globe, The Economist, and The New Republic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha_Power |
Qays | Mu'awiya I founded the Umayyad Caliphate in 661. Between then and the Umayyads' collapse in 750, the Qays formed one of the main political and military components of the Caliphate. Their main antagonist were the Yamani tribes, led by the Banu Kalb. Other than competition for political, military and economic power, ther... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qays |
Football in Saudi Arabia | 1970 Arabian Gulf Cup – Third place
1972 Arabian Gulf Cup – Runner-up
1973 AFC Youth Championship – Fourth place
1974 Arabian Gulf Cup – Runner-up
1976 Pan Arab Games – Silver
1979 Arabian Gulf Cup — Third place
1982 Asian Games – Bronze
1984 Arabian Gulf Cup – Third place
1984 AFC Asian Cup – Champion
1985 Arab Cup – ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_in_Saudi_Arabia |
Heaven | In the native Chinese Confucian traditions, heaven (Tian) is an important concept, where the ancestors reside and from which emperors drew their mandate to rule in their dynastic propaganda, for example.
Heaven is a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophies, and religions, and is on one end of the spectrum a synon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven |
History of Lebanon | On 4 August 2020, the Beirut explosion occurred in the port sector of the city, destroying hectares of buildings and killing over 200 people. It was felt throughout the country. 4 days later on 8 August, a peaceful protest was organized starting from the port of Beirut and destined for the parliament building. The demo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Lebanon |
Byzantine medicine | Arguably, the first Byzantine physician was the author of the Vienna Dioscurides manuscript, created circa 515 AD for the daughter of Emperor Olybrius. Like most Byzantine physicians, this author drew his material from ancient authorities like Galen and Hippocrates, though Byzantine doctors expanded upon the knowledge ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_medicine |
Uthman | During his rule, Uthman's military-style was more autonomical in nature as he delegated much military authority to his trusted kinsmen—e.g., Abd Allah ibn Amir, Mu'awiya I and Abd Allah ibn Sa'd—unlike Umar's more centralized policy. Consequently, this more independent policy allowed more expansion until Sindh, in mode... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthman |
Astrolabe | An astrolabe consists of a disk, called the mater (mother), which is deep enough to hold one or more flat plates called tympans, or climates. A tympan is made for a specific latitude and is engraved with a stereographic projection of circles denoting azimuth and altitude and representing the portion of the celestial sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolabe |
Isma'ilism | After the fall of the Fatimid Caliphate and its bases in Iran and Syria, the three currently living branches of Isma'ili generally developed geographically isolated from each other, with the exception of Syria (which has both Druze and Nizari) and Pakistan and the rest of South Asia (which had both Mustaali and Nizari)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isma%27ilism |
Isfahan | Under Median rule, a commercial entrepôt began to show signs of more sedentary urbanism, steadily growing into a noteworthy regional center that benefited from the exceptionally fertile soil on the banks of the Zayandehrud River, in a region called Aspandana or Ispandana.
When Cyrus the Great unified Persian and Median... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfahan |
Ptolemy | Ptolemy's second most well-known work is his Geographike Hyphegesis (Greek: Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις; lit. 'Guide to Drawing the Earth'), known as the Geography, a handbook on how to draw maps using geographical coordinates for parts of the Roman world known at the time.
He relied on previous work by an earlier geographer, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy |
BP | In 1954, the AIOC became the British Petroleum Company. After the 1953 Iranian coup d'état, Iranian Oil Participants Ltd (IOP), a holding company, was founded in October 1954, in London to bring Iranian oil back to the international market. British Petroleum was a founding member of this company with 40% stake. IOP ope... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BP |
Knight | The word knight, from Old English cniht ("boy" or "servant"), is a cognate of the German word Knecht ("servant, bondsman, vassal"). This meaning, of unknown origin, is common among West Germanic languages (cf Old Frisian kniucht, Dutch knecht, Danish knægt, Swedish knekt, Norwegian knekt, Middle High German kneht, all ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight |
Baalbek | A few kilometres from the swamp from which the Litani (the classical Leontes) and the Asi (the upper Orontes) flow, Baalbek may be the same as the manbaa al-nahrayn ("Source of the Two Rivers"), the abode of El in the Ugaritic Baal Cycle discovered in the 1920s and a separate serpent incantation.
Baalbek was called "He... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalbek |
Indo-Saracenic architecture | According to Thomas R. Metcalf, a leading scholar of the style, "the Indo-Saracenic, with its imagined past turned to the purposes of British colonialism, took shape outside India [ie the subcontinent] most fully only in Malaya". British Malaya was a predominantly Muslim society, where there was hardly any recent tradi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Saracenic_architecture |
Construct state | In Arabic grammar, the construct state is used to mark the first noun (the thing possessed) in the genitive construction. The second noun of the genitive construction (the possessor) is marked by the genitive case.
In Arabic, the genitive construction is called إضافة ʼiḍāfah (literally "attachment") and the first and s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construct_state |
Cradle of civilization | In Mesopotamia (a region encompassing modern Iraq and bordering regions of Southeast Turkey, Northeast Syria and Northwest Iran), the convergence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers produced rich fertile soil and a supply of water for irrigation. Neolithic cultures emerged in the region from 8000 BC onwards. The civiliz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization |
Egyptian–Libyan War | Unnerved by Sadat's peace policy, Gaddafi sought to increase Libya's role in Middle Eastern affairs. Bolstered by strong oil revenues, he began acquiring a significant amount of weapons from the Soviet Union. He also sponsored Egyptian dissidents such as the Muslim Brotherhood, armed Egyptian insurgents, and made plans... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War |
Manbij | Before and in the early years of the Syrian Civil War, Manbij had an ethnically diverse population of Arab, Kurdish, Turkmen, and Circassian Sunni Muslims, many of whom followed the Naqshbandi Sufi order. The city's socio-political life was dominated by its main tribes. Tribal leaders served as the mediators and arbite... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manbij |
Algerian War | Despite complaints from the military command in Algiers, the French government was reluctant for many months to admit that the Algerian situation was out of control and that what was viewed officially as a pacification operation had developed into a war. By 1956, there were more than 400,000 French troops in Algeria. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_War |
Politics of Libya | Political parties were banned in Libya from 1972 until the removal of Gaddafi's government, and all elections were nonpartisan under law. However, during the revolution, the National Transitional Council (NTC), a body formed on 27 February 2011 by anti-Gaddafi forces to act as the "political face of the revolution", ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Libya |
Texas | With the coming of Spanish Catholic and American Protestant missionary societies, Indigenous American Indian religions and spiritual traditions dwindled. Since then, colonial and present-day Texas has become a predominantly Christian state, with 75.5% of the population identifying as such according to the Public Religi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas |
2011–2012 Moroccan protests | On 20 February, thousands of Moroccans rallied in the capital, Rabat, to demand that King Mohammed give up some of his powers, chanting slogans such as "Down with autocracy" and "The people want to change the constitution." They were heading towards the parliament building, and police did not halt them, although Morocc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Moroccan_protests |
Noocracy | Adhering to Jason F. Brennan's taxonomy of the roughly equivalent concept he himself instead designates "epistocracy", one may already discern some basic ways of rendering governance more wise a process:• “Restricted suffrage”: Give voting rights only to those who prove themselves sufficiently well informed to earn the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noocracy |
2012 Summer Olympics | IOC's initial evaluation felt that, if transport improvements were delivered in time for the Games, London would cope. Transport for London (TfL) carried out numerous improvements in preparation for 2012, including the expansion of the London Overground's East London Line, upgrades to the Docklands Light Railway and th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics |
Sasanian Empire | Following the conquest of Iran and neighboring regions, Shapur I extended his authority northwest of the Indian subcontinent. The previously autonomous Kushans were obliged to accept his suzerainty. These were the western Kushans which controlled Afghanistan while the eastern Kushans were active in India. Although the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire |
Islamic eschatology | The arrival of Judgement Day is prophesied to be preceded by apocalyptic signs of its arrival in various hadith collections.
Senseless immorality would prevail.
Unnatural phenomenons would occur.
The recurring emergence of Kharijites from time to time (more than twenty times) across generations, until their final rise... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_eschatology |
International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region | Political Islam and salafist "Islamic revivalism" became dominant and the indigenous "popular" or Sufi Islam found in much of North Africa greatly weakened, in large part because of the 1954-1962 Algerian War—despite the fact the victorious National Liberation Front (FLN) was interested in socialism and Arab national... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism_by_region |
Saddam Hussein | Many Arabs praise Saddam as a true leader who stood up to Western imperialism, Israeli occupation of Palestine, and foreign intervention in the region, while many Iraqis, especially Shias and Kurds, view him negatively as a dictator responsible for brutal authoritarianism, repression and injustices.
Saddam is sometimes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein |
Qutb Minar | The Qutb Minar was built over the ruins of the Lal Kot, the citadel of Dhillika. Qutub Minar was begun after the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque. Drawing references from their Ghurid homeland, Qutub-ud-Din Aibak and Shamsu’d-Din Iltutmish constructed a minar (minaret) at the south-eastern corner of the Quwwatu’l-Islam between 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutb_Minar |
Arabian Peninsula | In antiquity, the term "Arabia" encompassed a larger area than the current term "Arabian Peninsula" and included the Arabian desert and large parts of the Syrian-Arabian desert. During the Hellenistic period, the area was known as Arabia or Aravia (Greek: Αραβία). The Romans named three regions with the prefix "Arabia"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula |
Jihadism | Abbas, Tahir (2007). Islamic Political Radicalism: A European Perspective. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2528-4.
Akbarzadeh, Shahram (2010). Islam and Political Violence: Muslim Diaspora and Radicalism in the West. I B Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84511-473-2.
Al-Rasheed, Madawi (2009). Dying for Faith: Re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadism |
Fields Medal | The medal was first awarded in 1936 to the Finnish mathematician Lars Ahlfors and the American mathematician Jesse Douglas, and it has been awarded every four years since 1950. Its purpose is to give recognition and support to younger mathematical researchers who have made major contributions.
In 1954, Jean-Pierre Serr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_Medal |
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation | In 1999, OIC adopted the OIC Convention on Combatting International Terrorism. Human Rights Watch reported that the definition of terrorism in article 1 describes "any act or threat of violence carried out with the aim of, among other things, imperiling people’s honour, occupying or seizing public or private property, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation |
Zanj | The Zanj traded with Persians, Arabs, and Indians, but according to some sources, only locally, since they possessed no ocean-going ships.
The settlements in Zanzibar identified them as economically part of the cosmopolitan culture of the Indian Ocean Basin with trade links as far as Arabia, Persia, and as far east as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanj |
Ur | When the Royal Tombs at Ur were discovered, their size was unknown. Excavators started digging two trenches in the middle of the desert to see if they could find anything that would allow them to keep digging. They split into two teams – A and team B. Both teams spent the first few months digging a trench and found evi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur |
Gulf War | US decoy attacks by air attacks and naval gunfire the night before Kuwait's liberation were designed to make the Iraqis believe the main coalition ground attack would focus on central Kuwait. For months, American units in Saudi Arabia had been under almost constant Iraqi artillery fire, as well as threats from Scud mis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War |
Arab Cold War | Although the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had a smaller population than Egypt, it had oil wealth and prestige due to the cities of Mecca and Medina, Islam's two holiest cities. In 1962, Saudi Arabia sponsored an international Islamic conference in Mecca to use Islam as a counterweight to Nasser's Arab socialism. This led to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Cold_War |
List of Assyrian kings | Incomplete king-lists have been recovered from three of the major ancient Assyrian capitals (Assur, Dur-Sharrukin and Nineveh). The three lists are largely consistent with each other, all originally copies of a single original list, and are based on the yearly appointments of limmy-officials (the eponymous officials fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings |
Geography of Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabia is bounded by seven countries and three bodies of water. To the west, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea form a coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This section of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Saudi_Arabia |
History of the United Arab Emirates | On 29 and 30 November 1971, a contingent of the Iranian army supported by the Iranian naval forces occupied the islands of Abu Musa and the Lesser and Greater Tunbs. In Greater Tunb, 6 policemen clashed with approximately 2,000 Iranian troops and in the ensuing skirmish 4 Ras Al Khaimah policemen and 3 Iranian soldiers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates |
Constitution of Tunisia | Following the Fundamental Pact, a commission was set up to draft a real constitution; it was submitted on 17 September 1860 to Muhammad III as-Sadiq, the new Bey after Muhammad II. The constitution came into effect on 26 April 1861. It was the first written constitution in Arab lands, as well as the first constitution ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Tunisia |
Posts and telecommunications in Lebanon | 1959-6-12: Decrees 126 and 127 establish the General Directorate of Posts and Telegram and the General Directorate of Telephone. Most importantly, they organize and formalize the state's monopoly over all telecommunication infrastructure.
1980-5-17: Law 11 changes the name of the Ministry of Posts and Telegram and Tele... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posts_and_telecommunications_in_Lebanon |
Asiatic lion | The Asiatic lion used to occur in Arabia, the Levant, Mesopotamia and Baluchistan. In South Caucasia, it was known since the Holocene and became extinct in the 10th century. Until the middle of the 19th century, it survived in regions adjoining Mesopotamia and Syria, and was still sighted in the upper reaches of the Eu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_lion |
Astrology | Testing the validity of astrology can be difficult, because there is no consensus amongst astrologers as to what astrology is or what it can predict. Most professional astrologers are paid to predict the future or describe a person's personality and life, but most horoscopes only make vague untestable statements that c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology |
Bronze Age | The Apennine culture (also called Italian Bronze Age) is a technology complex of central and southern Italy spanning the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age proper. The Camuni were an ancient people of uncertain origin (according to Pliny the Elder, they were Euganei; according to Strabo, they were Rhaetians) who lived in Val ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age |
Damascus | In 64 BC, the Roman general Pompey annexed the western part of Syria. The Romans occupied Damascus and subsequently incorporated it into the league of ten cities known as the Decapolis which themselves were incorporated into the province of Syria and granted autonomy.
The city of Damascus was entirely redesigned by the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus |
Bardo National Museum attack | Yassine Labidi and Saber Khachnaoui, both Tunisian citizens, were identified by Tunisian Prime Minister Habib Essid as the two slain gunmen a day after the attack. Prior to the attack, Labidi lived in the Tunis neighborhood of Ibn Khaldoun, while Khachnaoui was from Kasserine. Labidi moved after the Jasmine Revolution ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack |
Sunni Islam | The Arabic term sunna, according to which Sunnis are named, is old and roots in pre-Islamic language. It was used for traditions which a majority of people followed. The term got greater political significance after the murder of the third caliph Uthman (r. 644–656). It is said Malik al-Ashtar, a famous follower of Ali... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam |
Nebuchadnezzar I | The duration of Nebuchadnezzar's war with Elam and the number of campaigns he conducted are not known, though it is reasonable to believe that this was a protracted effort with diverse strategic considerations. According to a later literary tradition, an invasion of Elam was thwarted when his army was struck by plague ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_I |
LGBT rights in the United Arab Emirates | The Government in the United Arab Emirates has restricted access to various websites and monitors chat rooms, instant messages and blogs. There were only a few reports of prosecutions and punishments but many people on the internet have been censored their conversations and identity in gay chat rooms. The country's onl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates |
Cinema of Jordan | The development of the local industry and the attractiveness of the Kingdom were largely crafted by The Royal Film Commission – Jordan (RFC), which was established in 2003 as a public institution, with the aim of encouraging filmmakers from Jordan and the region to express themselves through filmmaking and providing a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Jordan |
Majeed Al Alawi | The Labour Ministry pushed legislation through parliament in 2007 to introduce unemployment benefit, set at 60% of previous earnings. First-time jobseekers get 120 Bahraini Dinar (320 US dollars) a month in the case of undergraduates, or BD150 (400 dollars) for graduates. These figures were worked out in consultations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majeed_Al_Alawi |
Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabia has a national health care system in which the government provides free health care services through government agencies. Saudi Arabia has been ranked among the 26 best countries in providing high quality healthcare. The Ministry of Health is the major government agency entrusted with the provision of prev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia |
Hormizd IV | Khosrow I, aware that Hormizd had showed himself as a leader of quality, appointed Hormizd as his heir. The decision was also politically motivated, due to Hormizd's maternal line being of noble lineage, whilst the mothers of Khosrow I's other sons were more lowly. Hormizd came to the throne in 579: according to the na... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormizd_IV |
Jihad | They might be our enemies but they are human beings. They consist of civil population comprising of women and children; how can one kill, loot and plunder them?
Rules prohibit attacking or molesting non-combatants, which include women, children under the age of puberty, elderly men, people with disabilities and those w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad |
Ogaden | In 1887, Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II conquered the city of Harar during his efforts to expand the empire and in 1891, announced a programme of ambitious colonialism to the European powers. This marked the start of a tentative yet violent invasion into the Ogaden region. In the first phase of Ethiopian penetration into... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogaden |
Harar | Harar emerged as the center of Islamic culture and religion in the Horn of Africa during end of the Middle Ages.
According to the Fatḥ Madīnat Harar, the legendary saint Abadir Umar ar-Rida, along with several other religious leaders, came from the Arabian Peninsula to settle in the Harar plateau circa 612H (1216 CE), ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harar |
Ennahda | Ennahda was part of the Troika government, along with Ettakatol, and CPR. The government was criticized for mediocre economic performance, not stimulating the tourism industry, poor relations with Tunisia's biggest trading partner France. In particular it was criticized for not monitoring and controlling radical Islami... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennahda |
Granada | Its hospital network is basically composed of public hospitals managed by the Andalusian Health Service and other smaller private management centers. This network covers the needs of the city and its Metropolitan Area. In total there are 2047 beds.
The Hospital of the Health Campus, was inaugurated completely in July ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada |
Saudis | The religion and customs of Saudi Arabia dictate not only conservative dress for men and women, but a uniformity of dress unique to most of West Asia. Traditionally, the different regions of Saudi have had different dress, but since the re-establishment of Saudi rule these have been reserved for festive occasions, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudis |
History of Islam | The Umayyad dynasty (or Ommiads), whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph, ruled from 661 to 750 CE. Although the Umayyad family came from the city of Mecca, Damascus was the capital. After the death of Abdu'l-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr in 666, Muawiyah I consolidated hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam |
NATO | NATO was established on 4 April 1949 by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty (Washington Treaty). The 12 founding members of the alliance were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Four new members joined during th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO |
Saudi Arabia–United States relations | Significant numbers of Americans have criticized the conduct of Saudi Arabia in its ongoing intervention in the Yemeni Civil War. This includes alleged war crimes such as bombing hospitals, gas stations, water infrastructure, marketplaces and other groups of civilians, and archaeological monuments; declaring the entire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations |
King | The English word is of Germanic origin, and historically refers to Germanic kingship, in the pre-Christian period a type of tribal kingship. The monarchies of Europe in the Christian Middle Ages derived their claim from Christianisation and the divine right of kings, partly influenced by the notion of sacral kingship ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King |
Akbar | Akbar was deeply interested in religious and philosophical matters. An orthodox Muslim at the outset, he later came to be influenced by the Sufi mysticism that was being preached in the country at that time. He moved away from orthodoxy, appointing to his court several people with liberal religious philosophies, includ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar |
Lehi (militant group) | Many Lehi combatants had received military training. Some had attended the Military Engineers School in Civitavecchia, in Fascist Italy. Others received military training from instructors of the Polish Armed Forces in 1938–1939. This training was conducted in Trochenbrod (Zofiówka) in Wołyń Voivodeship, Podębin near Łó... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group) |
Timur | In the meantime, years of insulting letters had passed between Timur and Bayezid. Both rulers insulted each other in their own way while Timur preferred to undermine Bayezid's position as a ruler and play down the significance of his military successes.
This is the excerpt from one of Timur's letters addressed to Ottom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur |
Tunisian independence | On 31 July 1954 the new French Prime Minister Pierre Mendès France arrived in Tunis. He was received by Lamine Bey in the palace of Carthage, where he announced internal autonomy for Tunisia. This was a welcome surprise for the Bey, who had been kept at arm's length from the negotiations between Mendès France and the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_independence |
Iraq Museum | The U.S. government was criticised for doing nothing to protect the museum after occupying Baghdad. Dr Irving Finkel of the British Museum said the looting was "entirely predictable and could easily have been stopped." Martin E. Sullivan, chairman of the U.S. president's Advisory Committee on Cultural Property, and U.S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_Museum |
Ancient Egypt | Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire in 30 BC, following the defeat of Mark Antony and Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII by Octavian (later Emperor Augustus) in the Battle of Actium. The Romans relied heavily on grain shipments from Egypt, and the Roman army, under the control of a prefect appointed by the emperor, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt |
Umayyad state of Córdoba | The elite political and social circles that formed around the Umayyads in Córdoba were known as the khāṣṣa (Arabic: الخاص). They were largely Arab, though they were also joined by individuals of non-Arab origin who climbed through the political ranks. Among the latter were various mawālī (sing. mawlā), or "clients" spo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_state_of_C%C3%B3rdoba |
Ulama | The study of, and commentaries on Quran and hadith, debates about ijtihad and taqlid and the issuing of fatwa as well as the use of Arabic, and later also Persian as common languages of discourse constituted the religious authority of the ulama throughout the entire Islamic world. Zaman has demonstrated that, as person... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama |
Thabo Mbeki | In 2004 President Thabo Mbeki made an attack on commentators who argued that violent crime was out of control in South Africa, calling them white racists who want the country to fail. He alleged that crime was falling and some journalists were distorting reality by depicting black people as "barbaric savages" who liked... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki |
Sudanese Armed Forces | The Sudanese Armed Forces today are equipped mainly with Soviet, Russian, Chinese, Ukrainian, and Sudanese manufactured weaponry. They have a weapons production company called the Military Industry Corporation. Significant data has been made available by the UN Experts' Groups on the Sudan on arms supplies to Sudanese ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_Armed_Forces |
Al-Nusra Front | The 6 January 2012 al-Midan bombing was claimed by al-Nusra, in a video seen by AFP on 29 February 2012. It was allegedly carried out by Abu al-Baraa al-Shami. Footage of the destruction caused by the blast was released on a jihadist forum.
An al-Nusra-affiliated group announced the formation of the "Free Ones of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front |
Drug prohibition | The first modern law in Europe for the regulating of drugs was the Pharmacy Act 1868 in the United Kingdom. There had been previous moves to establish the medical and pharmaceutical professions as separate, self-regulating bodies, but the General Medical Council, established in 1863, unsuccessfully attempted to assert ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_prohibition |
Hamas government in the Gaza Strip | Gaza generally obtained its diesel fuel from Israel but, in 2011, Hamas began buying cheaper fuel from Egypt, bringing it via a network of tunnels, and refused to buy it from Israel.
In early 2012, due to internal economic disagreement between the Palestinian Authority and the Hamas Government in Gaza, decreased suppli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip |
Pearl hunting | On Margarita Island, small zones were inspected in advance by the divers, who relied on breath-hold endurance to dive and resurface. Once those small zones had been depleted of their oysters, the men on the boat - which usually included a dozen divers, a Spanish navigator, a diving chief, oarsmen, and a foreman - moved... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_hunting |
Culture of Somalia | The Somali language is the official language of Somalia. It is a member of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, and its nearest relatives are the Afar and saho languages. Somali is the best documented of the Cushitic languages, with academic studies of it dating from before 1900.
Somali dialects ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Somalia |
Agriculture in Lebanon | Agriculture in Lebanon dates back to Phoenician times, with the first trading activities taking place in the eastern Mediterranean. The wine making tradition, which has a 5,000 years of history in the region, was a known skill for its ancient dwellers. The Phoenicians tended vineyards, made wine and exported a signific... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Lebanon |
Early Islamic philosophy | Aristotle attempted to demonstrate the unity of God; but from the view which he maintained, that matter was eternal, it followed that God could not be the Creator of the world. To assert that God's knowledge extends only to the general laws of the universe, and not to individual and accidental things, is tantamount to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy |
Sardinia | Sardinia is home to nearly four million sheep, almost half of the entire Italian assets and that makes the island one of the areas of the world with the highest density of sheep along with some parts of the United Kingdom and New Zealand (135 sheep every square kilometer versus 129 in UK and 116 in New Zealand). Sardin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia |
Transport in Somalia | Somalia's network of roads is 21,830 km long. As of 2010, 2,757 km (12%) of streets are paved, 844 km (3.9%) are gravel, and 18,229 km (83.5%) are earth. 2,559 km are primary roads, 4,850 km are secondary roads, and 14,421 km are rural/feeder roads. As of May 2015, over 70,000 vehicles are registered with the Puntland ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Somalia |
Photography in Sudan | With the rise of colour photography, coffee table books and magazines specialising on lavish photo essays and international tourism, various styles of documentary photography evolved. In Sudan, this includes photo stories about its historic heritage, such as the Nubian pyramids. The growing concerns of social repercuss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Sudan |
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab | The legal writings of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab reflected a general concern of female welfare and justice. In line with this approach, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab denounced the practice of instant triple talaq, counting it as only a single talaq (regardless of the number of pronouncements). The outlawing of triple talaq is considered ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab |
Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr | "Al-'Amal wa al-Ahdaf" (The Deeds and the Goals): Min Fikr al- Da'wah. No. 13. Islamic Da'wah Party, central propagation, place and date of publication unknown.
"Al-'Amal al-Salih fi al-Quran" (The Proper Deeds According to Qur'an): Ikhtrna Lak. Beirut: Dar al-Zahra', 1982
"Ahl al-Bayt: Tanawu' Adwar wa-Wihdat Hadaf" (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Baqir_al-Sadr |
Kuwait Armed Forces | With the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975, units of the Kuwait 25th Commando Brigade were sent to Lebanon to protect mainly the State of Kuwait Embassy mission in Beirut. On another hand, a United Nations multinational peace deterrence force was formed by the United Kingdom, United States, France and Italy. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_Armed_Forces |
List of naval battles | 1652 May 29 Dover – Clash between English under Robert Blake and Dutch under Maarten Tromp's off Dover initiates the First Anglo-Dutch War
26 August Plymouth – Michiel de Ruyter's 36 men-of-war hold off Ayscue's 45 men-of-war, driving them away
7 September Elba (Monte Cristo) – Dutch under Jan van Galen beat back Engli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_naval_battles |
Mohamed Cheikh Ould Mkhaitir | Mkhaitir was arrested in his home in the city of Nouadhibou on 2 January 2014, two days after publishing an article titled “Religion, Religiosity and Craftsmen” on the website Aqlame. The article was critical of incidents from the prophet Muhammad's life being used to justify slavery of people descended from craftsmen ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Cheikh_Ould_Mkhaitir |
Arabs | The Golden Age of Arab Civilization known as the "Islamic Golden Age", traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century. The period is traditionally said to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate due to Siege of Baghdad in 1258. During this time, Arab scholars made significant contributions t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs |
Bahram V | Since the reign of Shapur II, the Iranians had to deal with nomadic invaders in the east known in scholarship as "Iranian Huns" (i.e. the Hephthalites, Kidarites, Chionites and Alchon Huns). Starting with Yazdegerd I, a shift had begun in the political perspective of the Sasanian Empire, which (originally disposed towa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_V |
Arabic literature | The Qur'an, the main holy book of Islam, had a significant influence on the Arabic language, and marked the beginning of Islamic literature. Muslims believe it was transcribed in the Arabic dialect of the Quraysh, the tribe of Muhammad. As Islam spread, the Quran had the effect of unifying and standardizing Arabic.
Not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_literature |
Roman Egypt | The social structure in Aegyptus under the Romans was both unique and complicated. On the one hand, the Romans continued to use many of the same organizational tactics that were in place under the leaders of the Ptolemaic period. At the same time, the Romans saw the Greeks in Aegyptus as "Egyptians", an idea that both ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Egypt |
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