text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
You and Me Forever: Marriage In Light of Eternity is a 2015 New York Times bestselling Christian book written by Francis Chan and Lisa Chan and published by Claire Love Publishing.
Summary
You and Me Forever tells of the authors' view on how to have a successful marriage with an eternal focus. The overall theme of the book is that the best way to have a great marriage is by not focusing on marriage, but rather, focusing on God. The authors discuss lessons learned in their own marriage and urge their readers to seek Bible scriptures and the voice of God as their source of relational advice.
References
External links
Christian literature
2014 non-fiction books
2014 in Christianity |
Sainte-Colombe-de-Duras (, literally Sainte-Colombe of Duras; ) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Lot-et-Garonne department
References
Saintecolombededuras |
The Joaquim Felizardo Museum of Porto Alegre (Portuguese: Museu de Porto Alegre Joaquim Felizardo) is a historical museum in the city of Porto Alegre, capital of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is installed at Lopo Gonçalves Manor House, located at 582 João Alfredo Street.
History
Lopo Gonçalves Manor House, also known as Magnolia Manor House, was built between 1845 and 1853 on a farm on Margem Street (currently João Alfredo Street), in the Cidade Baixa neighborhood, to serve as the summer residence of Lopo Gonçalves Bastos' family.
Lopo Gonçalves, besides having kept several commerce businesses in the city, was also an alderman of Porto Alegre for two mandates, staying as a substitute in a third period. The Manor House was his summer home, since the Cidade Baixa neighborhood, in the 19th century, was outside the urban limits of the city, being considered a rural area. After his death, in 1872, and that of his wife in 1876, the property was inherited by his daughter, Maria Luisa Gonçalves Bastos, and her spouse, Joaquim Gonçalves Bastos Monteiro, Lopo's nephew and also a merchant. During this period, the Manor House became the family's permanent residence, and was expanded and remodeled by Maria Luísa: a small internal patio was built, a turret was added, and an old room was demolished.
For some time, researchers believed that the high basement served as a senzala for the slaves of the Bastos family. However, after recent research and cross-referencing of information with other Portuguese-Brazilian architectural works, it is believed today that the high basement served to preserve the house in case of inundation, since the area of the city where the Manor House is located was flooded. Possibly, the enslaved stayed at the house, both those who worked with domestic chores during the day, and the others, connected to rural work on the property. However, this type of organization could be much more oppressive for enslaved workers, since it greatly increases the masters' surveillance over their activities, decreasing the possibilities of articulation among them. Another factor that reinforces this hypothesis is the fact that Lopo only owned 14 slaves, a number that specialists consider low to justify the use of a senzala. The third element concerns the very concept of the senzala, which is always a separate structure from the house and aims to preserve the "intimacy and daily life" of the slave-owning whites.
As the city's urbanization progressed, the land was reduced in size. In 1946, the Manor House was acquired by businessman and lawyer Albano José Volkmer, who, along with his family, owned a candle factory downtown, and housed relatives in several rooms of the new house, now divided into three housing units. In 1966, the Service of Assistance and Social Security of Economists (SASSE) acquired the property to build a residential nucleus for its associates. In order to do so, SASSE asked the City Hall to demolish the Manor House and open a road that would divide the property, which was denied by the General Plan Council and the Urbanism Division.
During SASSE's ownership of the Manor House, there was an abdication of architectural care and maintenance with the building, which severely damaged its structure. Under these conditions, the building had been occupied by people who could not afford to afford living in other areas of the city. Therefore, for a few years, the Manor House hosted a kind of tenement. With the Extinction of SASSE and its redefinition to IAPAS (Institute of Financial Administration of Social Security and Assistance), the administration of the building changed, with an exchange of the Manor House between the City Hall and IAPAS.
Since 1974, the building's status has changed due to its inclusion in an inventory of buildings of historical and cultural value in the city, which was an autonomous initiative of the incipient preservationist movement in Porto Alegre. At the time, the situation of the poor installations was taken to the local press by some members of the preservationist movement and, in 1978, a commission coordinated by historian and university professor Moacyr Flores was formed to transform the Manor House into the Porto Alegre Museum, which was temporarily located at 291 Lobo da Costa Street. The project was approved after pressure from intellectuals, preservationists, professors, and organized civil society; in 1979, the property was listed as a heritage building and, in 1980, the Secretariat of Education and Culture (at the time, SMEC) took on the responsibility of executing the project. The restoration took place between 1980 and 1982, under the guidance of architect Nestor Torelly Martins, and was carried out by the Knorr company. At the end of the restoration, the City Hall collection, which was the responsibility of historian Walter Spalding, was transferred to the Museum, and is still there today.
Originally called Museum of Porto Alegre, it had its name changed to Joaquim José Felizardo Museum of Porto Alegre by municipal law of December 23, 1993, in order to honor Joaquim Felizardo, historian and creator of the Municipal Department of Culture. He was a professor of basic education and university education, teaching history, and was politically persecuted during the civil-military dictatorship in Brazil, being punished in 1968 by AI-1 and AI-5, when he was arbitrarily expelled and detained. With the democratization, he returns to public life.
The museum underwent another restoration, and was reopened on December 17, 2007.
Infrastructure
The museum houses the Sioma Breitman Photo Library, whose collection covers about a century and is composed of about 9,000 photos, all digitalized, that constitute the museum's Image Bank, which provides the public the possibility of conducting research in a self-service system through computers. It also presents the long term exhibition entitled Transformações Urbanas: Porto Alegre de Montaury a Loureiro (English: Urban Transformations: Porto Alegre from Montaury to Loureiro), telling the story of the first urban development plans and the main works carried out in Porto Alegre between 1897 and 1943.
The museum also has an archeological collection with more than 180,000 pieces of evidence and miniatures of old Azorean houses. It holds temporary exhibitions, promotes courses, debates, workshops, and other cultural activities.
See also
Architecture of Porto Alegre
History of Porto Alegre
References
External links
Text about Lopo Gonçalves Manor House
Page of the Museum on the Porto Alegre City Hall website
Museums in Rio Grande do Sul
Museums in Brazil
Museums in Porto Alegre |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\Apigee;
class GoogleCloudApigeeV1ComputeEnvironmentScoresRequestFilter extends \Google\Model
{
/**
* @var string
*/
public $scorePath;
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setScorePath($scorePath)
{
$this->scorePath = $scorePath;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getScorePath()
{
return $this->scorePath;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(GoogleCloudApigeeV1ComputeEnvironmentScoresRequestFilter::class, your_sha256_hashsRequestFilter');
``` |
Eudonia antimacha is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui.
The head is white and the thorax white mixed with black.
External links
Eudonia
Endemic moths of Hawaii
Moths described in 1899 |
```java
package it.sephiroth.android.library.bottomnavigation.app;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.view.ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams;
import android.view.ViewTreeObserver;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.readystatesoftware.systembartint.SystemBarTintManager.SystemBarConfig;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import it.sephiroth.android.library.bottomnavigation.BottomBehavior;
import it.sephiroth.android.library.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigation;
import it.sephiroth.android.library.bottomnavigation.MiscUtils;
/**
* A placeholder fragment containing a simple view.
*/
public class EnableDisableActivityFragment extends Fragment implements BottomNavigation.OnMenuChangedListener {
private static final String TAG = EnableDisableActivityFragment.class.getSimpleName();
RecyclerView mRecyclerView;
private SystemBarConfig config;
private ToolbarScrollHelper scrollHelper;
public EnableDisableActivityFragment() { }
@Override
public View onCreateView(
LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, container, false);
}
@Override
public void onViewCreated(final View view, @Nullable final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) view.findViewById(R.id.RecyclerView01);
}
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
final BaseActivity activity = (BaseActivity) getActivity();
config = activity.getSystemBarTint().getConfig();
final int navigationHeight;
final int actionbarHeight;
if (activity.hasTranslucentNavigation()) {
navigationHeight = config.getNavigationBarHeight();
} else {
navigationHeight = 0;
}
if (activity.hasTranslucentStatusBar()) {
actionbarHeight = config.getActionBarHeight();
} else {
actionbarHeight = 0;
}
MiscUtils.INSTANCE.log(Log.VERBOSE, "navigationHeight: " + navigationHeight);
MiscUtils.INSTANCE.log(Log.VERBOSE, "actionbarHeight: " + actionbarHeight);
final BottomNavigation navigation = activity.getBottomNavigation();
if (null != navigation) {
navigation.setMenuChangedListener(this);
navigation.getViewTreeObserver().addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
@Override
public void onGlobalLayout() {
navigation.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnGlobalLayoutListener(this);
final CoordinatorLayout.LayoutParams coordinatorLayoutParams =
(CoordinatorLayout.LayoutParams) navigation.getLayoutParams();
final CoordinatorLayout.Behavior behavior = coordinatorLayoutParams.getBehavior();
final MarginLayoutParams params = (MarginLayoutParams) mRecyclerView.getLayoutParams();
MiscUtils.INSTANCE.log(Log.VERBOSE, "behavior: %s", behavior);
MiscUtils.INSTANCE.log(Log.VERBOSE, "finalNavigationHeight: " + navigationHeight);
MiscUtils.INSTANCE.log(Log.VERBOSE, "bottomNagivation: " + navigation.getNavigationHeight());
if (behavior instanceof BottomBehavior) {
final boolean scrollable = ((BottomBehavior) behavior).isScrollable();
MiscUtils.INSTANCE.log(Log.VERBOSE, "scrollable: " + scrollable);
int totalHeight;
if (scrollable) {
totalHeight = navigationHeight;
params.bottomMargin -= navigationHeight;
} else {
totalHeight = navigation.getNavigationHeight();
}
MiscUtils.INSTANCE.log(Log.VERBOSE, "totalHeight: " + totalHeight);
MiscUtils.INSTANCE.log(Log.VERBOSE, "bottomMargin: " + params.bottomMargin);
createAdater(totalHeight, activity.hasAppBarLayout());
} else {
params.bottomMargin -= navigationHeight;
createAdater(navigationHeight, activity.hasAppBarLayout());
}
mRecyclerView.requestLayout();
}
});
} else {
final MarginLayoutParams params = (MarginLayoutParams) mRecyclerView.getLayoutParams();
params.bottomMargin -= navigationHeight;
createAdater(navigationHeight, activity.hasAppBarLayout());
}
if (!activity.hasAppBarLayout()) {
scrollHelper = new ToolbarScrollHelper(activity, activity.getToolbar());
scrollHelper.initialize(mRecyclerView);
}
}
public void onMenuItemSelect(final int index, final boolean fromUser) {
Adapter adapter = (Adapter) mRecyclerView.getAdapter();
if (null != adapter) {
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
}
public void onMenuItemReselect(final int index, final boolean fromUser) {
Adapter adapter = (Adapter) mRecyclerView.getAdapter();
if (null != adapter) {
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
}
BottomNavigation getBottomNavigation() {
return ((BaseActivity) getActivity()).getBottomNavigation();
}
private void createAdater(int height, final boolean hasAppBarLayout) {
final BottomNavigation navigation = getBottomNavigation();
MiscUtils.INSTANCE.log(Log.INFO, "createAdapter(" + height + ")");
mRecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true);
mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(getContext(), RecyclerView.VERTICAL, false));
mRecyclerView.setAdapter(new Adapter(getContext(), height, hasAppBarLayout));
if (null != navigation) {
refreshAdapter();
}
}
private void refreshAdapter() {
Adapter adapter = (Adapter) mRecyclerView.getAdapter();
if (null != adapter) {
adapter.setData(getBottomNavigation());
}
}
public void scrollToTop() {
mRecyclerView.smoothScrollToPosition(0);
}
@Override
public void onMenuChanged(final BottomNavigation parent) {
refreshAdapter();
}
static class TwoLinesViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
final TextView title;
final int marginBottom;
final CompoundButton switch1;
final CompoundButton switch2;
final CompoundButton animate;
public TwoLinesViewHolder(final View itemView) {
super(itemView);
title = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(android.R.id.title);
marginBottom = ((MarginLayoutParams) itemView.getLayoutParams()).bottomMargin;
switch1 = (CompoundButton) itemView.findViewById(android.R.id.button1);
switch2 = (CompoundButton) itemView.findViewById(android.R.id.button2);
animate = (CompoundButton) itemView.findViewById(android.R.id.button3);
}
}
private class Adapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<TwoLinesViewHolder> {
private final int navigationHeight;
private final boolean hasAppBarLayout;
private int count = 0;
private BottomNavigation navigation;
public Adapter(final Context context, final int navigationHeight, final boolean hasAppBarLayout) {
this.navigationHeight = navigationHeight;
this.hasAppBarLayout = hasAppBarLayout;
}
@Override
public TwoLinesViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(final ViewGroup parent, final int viewType) {
final View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(R.layout.enable_disable_card_item, parent, false);
final TwoLinesViewHolder holder = new TwoLinesViewHolder(view);
return holder;
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(final TwoLinesViewHolder holder, final int position) {
((MarginLayoutParams) holder.itemView.getLayoutParams()).topMargin = 0;
if (position == getItemCount() - 1) {
((MarginLayoutParams) holder.itemView.getLayoutParams()).bottomMargin = holder.marginBottom + navigationHeight;
} else if (position == 0 && !hasAppBarLayout) {
((MarginLayoutParams) holder.itemView.getLayoutParams()).topMargin = scrollHelper.getToolbarHeight();
} else {
((MarginLayoutParams) holder.itemView.getLayoutParams()).bottomMargin = holder.marginBottom;
}
holder.switch1.setOnCheckedChangeListener(null);
holder.switch2.setOnCheckedChangeListener(null);
holder.title.setText(navigation.getMenuItemTitle(position) + " (index: " + position + ")");
holder.switch1.setChecked(navigation.getMenuItemEnabled(position));
holder.switch2.setChecked(navigation.getSelectedIndex() == position);
holder.switch1.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onCheckedChanged(final CompoundButton compoundButton, final boolean checked) {
navigation.setMenuItemEnabled(holder.getAdapterPosition(), checked);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
});
holder.switch2.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onCheckedChanged(final CompoundButton compoundButton, final boolean checked) {
if (!checked) {
compoundButton.setChecked(true);
return;
}
navigation.setSelectedIndex(holder.getAdapterPosition(), holder.animate.isChecked());
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
});
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return count;
}
public void setData(final BottomNavigation navigation) {
this.navigation = navigation;
this.count = navigation.getMenuItemCount();
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
}
}
``` |
The list of shipwrecks in December 1868 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during December 1868.
1 December
2 December
3 December
4 December
5 December
6 December
7 December
8 December
9 December
10 December
11 December
12 December
13 December
14 December
15 December
16 December
17 December
18 December
19 December
20 December
21 December
22 December
23 December
24 December
25 December
26 December
27 December
28 December
29 December
30 December
31 December
Unknown date
References
Bibliography
Ingram, C. W. N., and Wheatley, P. O., (1936) Shipwrecks: New Zealand disasters 1795–1936. Dunedin, NZ: Dunedin Book Publishing Association.
1868-12
Maritime incidents in December 1868 |
The campaign in South Arabia during World War I was a minor struggle for control of the port city of Aden, an important way station for ships on their way from Asia to the Suez Canal. The British Empire declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914, and the Ottomans responded with their own declaration on 11 November. From the beginning, the Ottomans had planned an invasion of Britain's Aden Protectorate in cooperation with the local Arab tribes. The Ottomans had gathered in some strength on the Cheikh Saïd, a peninsula which juts out into the Red Sea towards the island of Perim.
At the start of the war, the British had one force stationed in the Aden Protectorate, the Aden Brigade, which was part of the British Indian Army. In November 1914, an Ottoman force from Yemen attacked Aden, but was driven off by the Brigade. Although fighting in South Arabia effectively ceased after June 1916, the last Ottoman troops did not surrender until March 1919.
Capture of Cheikh Saïd
The 29th Indian Brigade, under Brigadier-General H. V. Cox, CB, then on its way from India to Suez, was ordered to interrupt its voyage to capture Cheikh Saïd and destroy the Ottoman works, armaments, and wells there. On 10 November 1914, transports conveying three battalions of the 29th Indian Brigade and the 23rd Sikh Pioneers arrived off the coast of the peninsula. They were accompanied by the armoured cruiser HMS Duke of Edinburgh, which opened fire on the Ottoman defences while the transports were seeking a satisfactory landing-place. The point that had been at first selected proved impossible on account of the weather, and the troops had to land a little way off under the cover of the fire of the cruiser. They stormed the Ottomans' positions and compelled them to retreat, leaving their field guns behind. The sailors took active part in the fighting with the troops, and a naval demolition party assisted, on 11 November, in destroying the Ottoman fortifications. Having accomplished its task, the British force re-embarked and continued on to Suez. It was not considered advisable at this time to push an expedition inland. The Ottomans, consequently, retained some forces on the northern boundary of the Aden Protectorate.
Seven months later they reoccupied Cheikh Saïd and endeavoured from there to effect a landing on the north coast of Perim. This attack was successfully repulsed by the garrison of the island, the 23rd Sikh Pioneers.
Land campaign
Battle of Lahij
Sultanate of Lahij
In July 1915 an Ottoman force from North Yemen crossed the frontier of the Aden hinterland and advanced towards Lahij, which was at this time one of the most important towns in South Arabia and the capital of the Abdali Sultanate of Lahij (Lahaj). Placed in an oasis, surrounded by a fertile plain with the deserts beyond, it was the centre of trade between Aden, a British crown colony, and its hinterland, the princely states under a protectorate. In the years leading up to the war, relations between Britain and Lahij had been friendly, the British paying the sultan a subsidy for the occupation of certain land in the interior and protecting him and his agricultural people against the tribes of the desert, who frequently raided them. Propagandising during the war, British historian F. A. McKenzie wrote of the sultan:
Under our protection the Sultan of Lahaj had waxed very prosperous. His city, with its palace, its gallows— built for ornament rather than use—its purely Oriental life, its fine horses, its little show army, and its constant traffic in camels and caravans, seemed like a vision out of the Arabian Nights. When war broke out the Abdali Sultan proved that his loyalty to Britain was real. Though other tribes turned against us he came to our side and prepared to help us. He soon made himself an object of special detestation to the [Ottoman] and to many of the surrounding tribes by his open and unwavering friendship for Britain.
Siege
The sultan sent word to General D. G. L. Shaw, commanding the Aden Brigade, that the Ottomans were advancing from Mawiyah to attack him, and asked for help. General Shaw ordered the Aden Movable Column, under Lieutenant-Colonel H. E. A. Pearson, towards Lahij. The Aden Camel Troop was despatched to reconnoitre. It discovered a strong Ottoman force beyond Lahij, supported by a large number of Arab tribesmen. The Camel Troop fell back on Lahij, where it was reinforced by the advance guard of the Movable Column, numbering two hundred and fifty rifles, with two ten-pounder guns. This advance guard had moved up under most trying conditions. The heat was intense, there was great shortage of water, and progress was difficult over the sand. The main body of the Column was so delayed by difficulties of transport and by shortage of water that it did not reach Lahij at all.
The British in the sultan's capital found themselves faced by several thousand Ottoman troops and twenty guns. In addition, Arab tribesmen had rallied by the thousand to help the Ottomans. The British were backed by the few hundred men of the sultan of Lahij's native army. The Arab camp-followers of the Aden detachment deserted them in a body at the most critical hour, taking with them all their camels. Fighting opened on the evening of Sunday, 4 July. The Ottoman forces made several attacks against the British line, but each was driven off. Although after the battle the efforts of the Royal Artillery drew a tribute from General Shaw, the superior Ottoman artillery had kindled fires in different parts of Lahij, and the British were in danger of being outflanked and cut off by the Arab tribal horsemen. The sultan was killed with many of his men. When the main Aden Column never arrived, the British withdrew on 5 July with the loss of three officers wounded, but the main loss was not so much in men as in prestige.
Analysis
In the official report on the operations issued by the Government of India much stress was laid on "the intense heat, sand, and shortage of water", and "[t]he desertion of the camel-drivers and the severe climatic conditions so delayed and distressed the main body as to necessitate a withdrawal from Lahij". McKenzie notes that "we do not seem to have made such arrangements for transport and for water supply as would have prepared us for the difficulties which every experienced traveller knew we would have to face. . . But the severe heat of the climate, the potential treachery of hired Arabs, and the shortage of water were all of them factors which had been familiar from the beginning to the Indian authorities, and, one might suppose, ought to have been allowed for."
Reinforcements from India
After the debacle at Lahij, the British force fell back on the Kawr. The Ottomans followed them up and occupied Shaikh Othman, a town about two miles inland from the harbour of Aden. This place was formerly part of the Sultanate of Lahij, within the British protectorate. The Ottomans at this stage held practically the whole of the Aden hinterland, except immediately around the crown colony itself. They had reoccupied Cheikh Saïd and had destroyed Lahij. The Indian authorities, under Commander-in-Chief Beauchamp Duff, decided to increase the Aden garrison after "subsequent Turkish victories". Major-General Sir George J. Younghusband, a soldier with a distinguished career, succeeded to the command of the Aden Brigade.
On 20 July 1915, troops from the Aden Brigade, the 28th Indian Brigade, 1/B Battery, HAC, 1/1st Berkshire Battery, RHA, and a detachment of Sappers and Miners, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel A. M. S. Elsmie, a soldier well trained in frontier fighting, surprised the Ottomans at Shaikh Othman, completely defeated them and drove them out of the place. Between fifty and sixty Ottoman soldiers were killed and wounded, and several hundred men, mostly Arab tribesmen, were made prisoners. This success was followed up in the following month by an attack by a small column on an Ottoman post between Lahij and Shaikh Othman. The Ottomans were driven from the town. Another attack in a different direction was equally successful. Reports reached Aden that the Ottomans were preparing to retire from Lahij itself, and in September a column under Colonel Elsmie set out in the direction of Waht. Here it surprised a force of seven hundred Ottomans, with eight guns, who were supported by about a thousand Arabs. The Ottomans were driven back, and Waht fell to the British troops, who had been aided both on sea and land by the cooperation of the cruiser HMS Philomel of the New Zealand Naval Forces, under Captain Percival Hill-Thompson.
Ottoman claims of victory
A series of minor engagements and skirmishes between the Ottomans and Arabs and the British followed, during which the latter were generally successful, but found it impossible to hold the country far inland. Early in 1916 the Ottomans claimed that the British had been driven back on to Aden itself, and had retreated to within range of the covering fire of their warships, where they had been inactive for some months. Many of the Ottoman claims were greatly exaggerated, and some wholly false. In February 1916, Major John Pretyman Newman, MP, asked in the British Parliament for any information about the fighting near Aden. Austen Chamberlain, then Secretary of State for India, responded that the Ottoman claim of success which had recently been put forward would seem to have been founded on an engagement which took place on 12 January between a reconnoitring column of the Aden garrison and an Ottoman force in the neighbourhood of Shaikh Othman. The loss on our side was one British officer and thirty-five Indian rank and file killed, and four British and thirty-five Indian rank and file wounded. The enemy losses were severe, amounting to about two hundred killed and wounded. The British column was neither annihilated nor defeated, but withdrew when the purpose of the movement was completed, Chamberlain said.
Later on, the Ottomans officially claimed to have scored a substantial victory in further heavy fighting around Shaikh Othman and Bir Ahmad. This was a sheer invention. In January 1916, the Aden Movable Column moved out to protect some friendly troops to the east of the Aden Protectorate against Ottoman troops who had been sent to coerce them. The column located the Ottoman force near Subar, and defeated it. The general position was so unsatisfactory, however, that in April 1916, it was decided, on the suggestion of the Government of India, that ladies should not be allowed to land at Aden without receiving permission from the Commander-in-Chief in India.
Stalemate
The eruption of the British-sponsored Arab Revolt in the Hejaz diverted Ottoman attention from Aden in the summer of 1916. Those Ottoman troops which remained reverted to the defensive, while the British built an eleven-mile-long defensive perimeter around Aden. They did not attempt to resecure lost territories in the hinterland, and no major fighting with the British took place after 1916.
End of the campaign
On 30 October 1918, the Ottoman Empire signed the Armistice of Mudros, where it agreed to surrender all its garrisons outside of Anatolia. However, the armistice failed to be immediately effective on Ottoman forces in Yemen, as some commanders initially refused to surrender:
Some Ottoman officials (such as Ottoman governor Mahmood Nadim) refused to surrender to Britain as this would bolster the British political position in the region, instead preferring to align themselves with Imam Yahya, who was establishing the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.
In contrast, other Ottoman officials (such as Ismail Effendi, commanding troops at Taiz), refused to lay down their arms in the absence of British forces, as this would bolster Imam Yahya.
This also included 12 local sheikhs who wanted to the placed under British sovereignty, as this would allow them to remain independent within their own territory while receiving a stipend, whereas the Imam would make them pay tithes.
Some Ottoman officials in Asir were still owed debts and demanded to be paid 100,000 pounds before surrendering. These forces surrendered at Al Luḩayyah (10 January 1919), Al Hudaydah (by 16 January) and Cheikh Saïd (19 January) after Britain and the Idrisid Emirate of Asir provided the requested money, before being embarked to Suez from Kamran Island on 7 February.
Elias Bey, Sheikh of Bajil and Kuhra, did not surrender before conferring with the Ottoman envoy from Constantinople, who arrived at Al Hudaydah on 13 January 1919 and explained the political situation.
Colonel Ghalib Bey, commanding forces at Az Zaydiyah, did not believe that the Ottomans had actually signed an armistice and refused to obey orders from the Commander-in-Chief of Yemen, Mahmud Tewfik Pasha, to surrender, instead opting to fight to the death. Az Zaydiyah fell to the Idrisid Emirate of Asir in March 1919.
On 15 December 1918, Britain recaptured Lahej from Ottoman forces in a swift military operation. By 14 February 1919, 3100 Ottomans of all ranks remained active in Yemen. By 31 March, all Ottoman forces in Yemen had surrendered, and Mahmud Tewfik Pasha, commander-in-chief of Yemen, was in Aden.
Naval campaign
Uses of the South Arab ports during the war
On 18 October 1914, a convoy of ten troopships carrying the New Zealand Expeditionary Force was escorted by the Imperial Japanese battlecruiser Ibuki out of Wellington. It joined a group of twenty-eight ships carrying the First Australian Imperial Force, and the total convoy, with Ibuki and the Australian cruiser , crossed the ocean, which was being patrolled by the Japanese protected cruiser Chikuma. While Sydney was sidetracked, and ended up in the Battle of Cocos, the rest of the convoy reached Aden on 25 October.
On 9 November 1914, a small landing party, numbering five officers, one surgeon, and forty-seven petty officers and men, under Lieutenant Hellmuth von Mücke, was separated from their ship, the SMS Emden during the Battle of Cocos, and piloted the Ayesha to the Dutch port of Padang on the west coast of Sumatra. There von Mücke arranged a rendezvous with the German freighter Choising, which transported him and his men to the Ottoman city of Hodeida in Yemen. Once on the Arabian Peninsula, von Mücke and his men experienced months of delay securing the assistance of local Turkish officials to return to Germany. At last he decided to lead his men on an over-water voyage up the east coast of the Red Sea to Jiddah. Ultimately, Von Mücke and forty-eight of his men returned to Berlin.
When the Arabs of the revolt of June 1916 attacked the port of Jiddah, they were supported by the seaplane carrier , based at Aden.
Occupation of Kamaran
On 17 February 1915, the British Resident in Aden, Brigadier William Crawford Walton, wired the Government of India that dhows bearing telegrams, mail and money from Jiddah had made it to Ottoman headquarters in Yemen, and that it was necessary that these be stopped. He proposed the occopuation of Kamaran with 200 men from the RMS Empress of Russia, the RMS Empress of Asia and HMS Minto. This had the support of the Admiralty, the Commander-in-Chief at Port Said—who wished to use Kamaran as a "naval base for small vessels"—and the India Office, which duly informed the Viceroy of India to give the necessary orders. The viceroy demurred, fearing that the local population would be "unlikely to acquiesce", that an occupation might "alarm the Idrisi", was likely to be misunderstood by Muslims, and would reduce the defences of Aden, at just the moment when the Turks were advancing. On 3 March the India Office rescinded its order, but when intelligence suggested that some Germans stranded in Massawa in Italian Eritrea at the outbreak of war were attempting to sail across the sea to Arabia, the resident renewed his request for 200 men (7 March). Again the viceroy refused (11 March).
References
Further reading
Bidwell, Robin L. "The Turkish attack on Aden 1915–1918", Arabian Studies, 6 (1982), 171–94.
Bruce, Anthony. The Last Crusade: The Palestine Campaign in the First World War. London: Murray, 2002.
Connelly, Mark. "The British Campaign in Aden, 1914–1918". Journal of the Centre for First World War Studies, 2:1 (2005) 65–96.
Kühn, Thomas. "Shaping and Reshaping Colonial Ottomanism: Contesting Boundaries of Difference and Integration in Ottoman Yemen, 1872–1919." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 27:2 (2007), 315–31.
Mehra, R. N. Aden and Yemen, 1905–1919. Delhi: Agram Prakashan, 1988.
Walker, G. Goold. Honourable Artillery Company in The Great War 1914–1919. London: Seeley, Service & Co. Ltd., 1930.
External links
Turkey in the First World War: Arabian Campaign
Photograph of camel being unloaded by crane in Aden, 15 September 1915
Photograph of camels aboard a ship at Aden, 15 September 1915
Campaigns and theatres of World War I
Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
British Empire in World War I
Ottoman Empire in World War I
Modern history of Yemen
Aden
South Arabia |
金 is a Chinese character meaning gold or metal, it may refer to:
Kangxi radical 167
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Kim (Korean surname)
Catty
Jin (Chinese surname) |
Georg Lars Wilhelm Johansson (later Brandius; 10 May 1898 – 20 April 1964) was a Swedish ice hockey and bandy player. He competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he was a member of the Swedish ice hockey team which finished fourth in the Summer Olympics tournament. He played all six matches and scored three goals.
References
External links
profile
1898 births
1964 deaths
Djurgårdens IF Hockey players
Ice hockey players at the 1920 Summer Olympics
IK Göta Bandy players
IK Göta Ishockey players
Olympic ice hockey players for Sweden
Swedish bandy players |
Ian Gouveia (born October 27, 1992) is a Brazilian professional surfer who competes on the World Surfing League Men's World Tour since 2017.
Career
Victories
WSL World Championship Tour
References
External links
Brazilian surfers
1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from São Paulo
World Surf League surfers |
Leon Schwartzmann (Szwarcman, Szwarzman, Schwarzman, Schwarzmann) (1887, Warsaw – 1942, Auschwitz) was a Polish–French chess master.
He was born in Warsaw, Poland (then Russian Empire) into a Jewish family, and studied in Sankt Petersburg. In 1911, he tied for 5-6th in St Petersburg (Ilya Rabinovich and Platz won). In 1913, he took 2nd, behind Platz, in St Petersburg.
After World War I, he lived in Poland. In 1919, he took 6th in Warsaw (Zdzislaw Belsitzmann won). In 1924, he tied for 3rd-4th with Dawid Przepiórka, behind Alexander Flamberg and Moishe Lowtzky won).
In the middle of the 1920s, he moved to France. In 1926, Schwartzmann won the 2nd Paris City Chess Championship. In 1927, he tied for 2nd-3rd with Henry Grob, behind Wilhelm Orbach, in Hyères. In 1927, he tied for 10-12th in Paris (Abraham Baratz won). In 1928, he tied for 2nd-3rd with Josef Cukierman, behind Baratz, in the 4th Paris Championship. In 1929, he tied for 8-9th in Paris (Savielly Tartakower won). In 1936, he played in the 12th Paris Championship (Nicolas Rossolimo won).
During World War II, he was arrested and transported to Auschwitz, where he was murdered on 3 September 1942.
References
1887 births
1942 deaths
Polish chess players
French chess players
Jewish chess players
Polish people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp
Polish civilians killed in World War II
Sportspeople from Warsaw
Sportspeople from Saint Petersburg
French civilians killed in World War II
French people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp
French Jews who died in the Holocaust
Polish Jews who died in the Holocaust
Polish emigrants to France |
```java
/*
This file is part of the iText (R) project.
Authors: Apryse Software.
This program is offered under a commercial and under the AGPL license.
For commercial licensing, contact us at path_to_url For AGPL licensing, see below.
AGPL licensing:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
package com.itextpdf.signatures.sign;
import com.itextpdf.bouncycastleconnector.BouncyCastleFactoryCreator;
import com.itextpdf.commons.bouncycastle.IBouncyCastleFactory;
import com.itextpdf.commons.bouncycastle.cert.ocsp.AbstractOCSPException;
import com.itextpdf.commons.bouncycastle.operator.AbstractOperatorCreationException;
import com.itextpdf.commons.bouncycastle.pkcs.AbstractPKCSException;
import com.itextpdf.commons.utils.FileUtil;
import com.itextpdf.forms.form.element.SignatureFieldAppearance;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.exceptions.PdfException;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.geom.Rectangle;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfReader;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.DigestAlgorithms;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.IExternalSignature;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.PdfPadesSigner;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.PrivateKeySignature;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.SignerProperties;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.TestSignUtils;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.exceptions.SignExceptionMessageConstant;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.testutils.PemFileHelper;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.testutils.TimeTestUtil;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.testutils.builder.TestCrlBuilder;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.testutils.builder.TestOcspResponseBuilder;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.testutils.client.AdvancedTestCrlClient;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.testutils.client.AdvancedTestOcspClient;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.testutils.client.TestTsaClient;
import com.itextpdf.test.ExtendedITextTest;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.cert.CRLException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
@Tag("BouncyCastleIntegrationTest")
public class PdfPadesAdvancedTest extends ExtendedITextTest {
private static final IBouncyCastleFactory FACTORY = BouncyCastleFactoryCreator.getFactory();
private static final String CERTS_SRC = "./src/test/resources/com/itextpdf/signatures/sign/PdfPadesAdvancedTest/certs/";
private static final String SOURCE_FOLDER = "./src/test/resources/com/itextpdf/signatures/sign/PdfPadesAdvancedTest/";
private static final String DESTINATION_FOLDER = "./target/test/com/itextpdf/signatures/sign/PdfPadesAdvancedTest/";
private static final char[] PASSWORD = "testpassphrase".toCharArray();
@BeforeAll
public static void before() {
Security.addProvider(FACTORY.getProvider());
createOrClearDestinationFolder(DESTINATION_FOLDER);
}
public static Iterable<Object[]> createParameters() {
List<Object[]> parameters = new ArrayList<>();
parameters.addAll(createParametersUsingRootName("rootCertNoCrlNoOcsp", 0, 0));
parameters.addAll(createParametersUsingRootName("rootCertCrlOcsp", 0, 1));
parameters.addAll(createParametersUsingRootName("rootCertCrlNoOcsp", 1, 0));
parameters.addAll(createParametersUsingRootName("rootCertOcspNoCrl", 0, 1));
return parameters;
}
private static List<Object[]> createParametersUsingRootName(String rootCertName, int crlsForRoot, int ocspForRoot) {
return Arrays.asList(
new Object[] {"signCertCrlOcsp.pem", rootCertName + ".pem", false, "_signCertCrlOcsp_" + rootCertName,
0, 1, crlsForRoot, ocspForRoot},
new Object[] {"signCertCrlOcsp.pem", rootCertName + ".pem", true, "_signCertCrlOcsp_" + rootCertName + "_revoked",
1, 0, crlsForRoot, ocspForRoot},
new Object[] {"signCertOcspNoCrl.pem", rootCertName + ".pem", false, "_signCertOcspNoCrl_" + rootCertName,
0, 1, crlsForRoot, ocspForRoot},
new Object[] {"signCertOcspNoCrl.pem", rootCertName + ".pem", true, "_signCertOcspNoCrl_" + rootCertName + "_revoked",
0, 0, crlsForRoot, ocspForRoot},
new Object[] {"signCertNoOcspNoCrl.pem", rootCertName + ".pem", false, "_signCertNoOcspNoCrl_" + rootCertName,
0, 0, crlsForRoot, ocspForRoot},
new Object[] {"signCertCrlNoOcsp.pem", rootCertName + ".pem", false, "_signCertCrlNoOcsp_" + rootCertName,
1, 0, crlsForRoot, ocspForRoot}
);
}
@ParameterizedTest(name = "{3}: signing cert: {0}; root cert: {1}; revoked: {2}")
@MethodSource("createParameters")
public void signWithAdvancedClientsTest(String signingCertName, String rootCertName, Boolean isOcspRevoked,
String cmpFilePostfix, Integer amountOfCrlsForSign, Integer amountOfOcspsForSign,
Integer amountOfCrlsForRoot, Integer amountOfOcspsForRoot)
throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException, AbstractOperatorCreationException, AbstractPKCSException, AbstractOCSPException {
String srcFileName = SOURCE_FOLDER + "helloWorldDoc.pdf";
String signCertFileName = CERTS_SRC + signingCertName;
String rootCertFileName = CERTS_SRC + rootCertName;
String tsaCertFileName = CERTS_SRC + "tsCertRsa.pem";
X509Certificate signRsaCert = (X509Certificate) PemFileHelper.readFirstChain(signCertFileName)[0];
X509Certificate rootCert = (X509Certificate) PemFileHelper.readFirstChain(rootCertFileName)[0];
PrivateKey signRsaPrivateKey = PemFileHelper.readFirstKey(signCertFileName, PASSWORD);
PrivateKey rootPrivateKey = PemFileHelper.readFirstKey(rootCertFileName, PASSWORD);
Certificate[] tsaChain = PemFileHelper.readFirstChain(tsaCertFileName);
PrivateKey tsaPrivateKey = PemFileHelper.readFirstKey(tsaCertFileName, PASSWORD);
TestTsaClient testTsa = new TestTsaClient(Arrays.asList(tsaChain), tsaPrivateKey);
AdvancedTestOcspClient testOcspClient = new AdvancedTestOcspClient();
TestOcspResponseBuilder ocspBuilderMainCert = new TestOcspResponseBuilder(rootCert, rootPrivateKey);
if ((boolean) isOcspRevoked) {
ocspBuilderMainCert.setCertificateStatus(FACTORY.createRevokedStatus(TimeTestUtil.TEST_DATE_TIME,
FACTORY.createCRLReason().getKeyCompromise()));
}
TestOcspResponseBuilder ocspBuilderRootCert = new TestOcspResponseBuilder(rootCert, rootPrivateKey);
testOcspClient.addBuilderForCertIssuer(signRsaCert, ocspBuilderMainCert);
testOcspClient.addBuilderForCertIssuer(rootCert, ocspBuilderRootCert);
AdvancedTestCrlClient testCrlClient = new AdvancedTestCrlClient();
TestCrlBuilder crlBuilderMainCert = new TestCrlBuilder(rootCert, rootPrivateKey);
crlBuilderMainCert.addCrlEntry(signRsaCert, FACTORY.createCRLReason().getKeyCompromise());
crlBuilderMainCert.addCrlEntry(rootCert, FACTORY.createCRLReason().getKeyCompromise());
TestCrlBuilder crlBuilderRootCert = new TestCrlBuilder(rootCert, rootPrivateKey);
crlBuilderRootCert.addCrlEntry(rootCert, FACTORY.createCRLReason().getKeyCompromise());
testCrlClient.addBuilderForCertIssuer(signRsaCert, crlBuilderMainCert);
testCrlClient.addBuilderForCertIssuer(rootCert, crlBuilderRootCert);
SignerProperties signerProperties = createSignerProperties();
ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
PdfPadesSigner padesSigner = new PdfPadesSigner(new PdfReader(FileUtil.getInputStreamForFile(srcFileName)),
outputStream);
padesSigner.setOcspClient(testOcspClient);
padesSigner.setCrlClient(testCrlClient);
IExternalSignature pks =
new PrivateKeySignature(signRsaPrivateKey, DigestAlgorithms.SHA256, FACTORY.getProviderName());
Certificate[] signRsaChain = new Certificate[] {signRsaCert, rootCert};
if (signCertFileName.contains("NoOcspNoCrl") || (signCertFileName.contains("OcspNoCrl") && (boolean) isOcspRevoked)) {
try {
Exception exception = Assertions.assertThrows(PdfException.class,
() -> padesSigner.signWithBaselineLTAProfile(signerProperties, signRsaChain, pks, testTsa));
Assertions.assertEquals(SignExceptionMessageConstant.NO_REVOCATION_DATA_FOR_SIGNING_CERTIFICATE,
exception.getMessage());
} finally {
outputStream.close();
}
} else {
padesSigner.signWithBaselineLTAProfile(signerProperties, signRsaChain, pks, testTsa);
TestSignUtils.basicCheckSignedDoc(new ByteArrayInputStream(outputStream.toByteArray()), "Signature1");
assertDss(outputStream, rootCert, signRsaCert, (X509Certificate) tsaChain[0], (X509Certificate) tsaChain[1],
amountOfCrlsForRoot, amountOfCrlsForSign, amountOfOcspsForRoot, amountOfOcspsForSign);
}
}
private void assertDss(ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream, X509Certificate rootCert, X509Certificate signRsaCert,
X509Certificate tsaCert, X509Certificate rootTsaCert, Integer amountOfCrlsForRoot,
Integer amountOfCrlsForSign, Integer amountOfOcspsForRoot, Integer amountOfOcspsForSign)
throws AbstractOCSPException, CertificateException, IOException, CRLException {
Map<String, Integer> expectedNumberOfCrls = new HashMap<>();
if (amountOfCrlsForRoot + amountOfCrlsForSign != 0) {
expectedNumberOfCrls.put(rootCert.getSubjectX500Principal().getName(), amountOfCrlsForRoot + amountOfCrlsForSign);
}
Map<String, Integer> expectedNumberOfOcsps = new HashMap<>();
if (amountOfOcspsForRoot + amountOfOcspsForSign != 0) {
expectedNumberOfOcsps.put(rootCert.getSubjectX500Principal().getName(), amountOfOcspsForRoot + amountOfOcspsForSign);
}
List<String> expectedCerts = Arrays.asList(getCertName(rootCert), getCertName(signRsaCert),
getCertName(tsaCert), getCertName(rootTsaCert));
TestSignUtils.assertDssDict(new ByteArrayInputStream(outputStream.toByteArray()), expectedNumberOfCrls,
expectedNumberOfOcsps, expectedCerts);
}
private String getCertName(X509Certificate certificate) {
return certificate.getSubjectX500Principal().getName();
}
private SignerProperties createSignerProperties() {
SignerProperties signerProperties = new SignerProperties();
signerProperties.setFieldName("Signature1");
SignatureFieldAppearance appearance = new SignatureFieldAppearance(signerProperties.getFieldName())
.setContent("Approval test signature.\nCreated by iText.");
signerProperties.setPageRect(new Rectangle(50, 650, 200, 100))
.setSignatureAppearance(appearance);
return signerProperties;
}
}
``` |
The Hector Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
Paleontology in California
References
Neogene California |
Liudas Mažylis is a Lithuanian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Homeland Union.
References
Living people
MEPs for Lithuania 2019–2024
Homeland Union MEPs
Homeland Union politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Prospect Peak may refer to:
Prospect Peak (Park County, Wyoming), U.S.
Prospect Peak Fire Lookout, Lassen Volcanic National Park, near Mineral, California, U.S. |
Albert P. Pisano (born 1954) is an American academic. He serves as dean of the Jacobs School of Engineering at the University of California San Diego (UC San Diego), a position he has held since September 2013. Pisano publishes a monthly Dean's column that introduces the monthly news email from the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering. The January 2022 dean's column, "Math matters to all of us" triggered significant conversation on Pisano's LinkedIn feed.
Early life
Pisano received a BS in mechanical engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University in May 1976. He was awarded a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Columbia University in May 1981. His Ph.D. Dissertation topic was "The Analytic Development and Experimental Verification of a Model of a High-Speed, Cam-Follower System".
Career
Pisano served on the mechanical engineering faculty of the University of California at Berkeley College of Engineering (UC Berkeley) from 1983 to 2013.
From July 1997 to September 1999, Pisano served as a DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) Program Manager for Microelectromechanical Systems.
Research
Pisano's research largely focused on the invention, design, fabrication, modeling and optimization of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS): harsh environment sensors; micro thermal heat management devices for tiny integrated circuits; micro power generation/harvesting devices; micro resonators for RF communication; micro fluidic systems for nano manufacturing; micro inertial instruments; nanolattice metamaterials; and nanoimprinted sensors and electronics.
Recognition
He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2001 “for contributions to the design, fabrication, commercialization, and educational aspects of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). He received the Egleston Medal from Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science in 2009 for distinguished engineering achievement. He received the IEEE-HKN Asad M. Madni Outstanding Technical Achievement and Excellence Award in 2022. He was recognized "for outstanding technical achievements and seminal contributions that promote engineering to broader communities for the benefit of society."
References
1954 births
Living people
American engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
University of California, San Diego faculty
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
American academic administrators
American university and college faculty deans
University of California, Berkeley faculty |
James Thomas Mills (June 22, 1914 in Winnipeg, Manitoba – February 15, 1997) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1963 to 1966.
Mills was educated at Immaculate Conception School and St. Paul's High School in Winnipeg, and worked as a merchant in Winnipeg after his graduation. He served as a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police from 1939 to 1945, and was active in the local rotary clubs and Knights of Columbus.
His election to the legislature occurred under unusual circumstances after two recounts in the 1962 election in Kildonan. Mills was the Progressive Conservative candidate in this election, and defeated New Democratic Party incumbent A. J. Reid by a mere four votes. Mills was a backbench supporter of Dufferin Roblin's government during his time in office.
In the 1966 election, and Mills lost to Peter Fox of the NDP by 836 votes. He did not seek a return to the legislature after this time.
Mills was also a city alderman in the former City of East Kildonan at the time of his election to the legislature, and a member of the Metro Winnipeg election committee. In 1968, he moved to Victoria, British Columbia where he operated a lady's wear store and then became a real estate agent. He died there at the age of 82.
References
1914 births
1997 deaths
Politicians from Winnipeg
Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba MLAs |
Khupachagu is a village development committee in Dolakha District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,479 people living in 310 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Dolakha District
Populated places in Dolakha District |
is a landmark UK company law case. The effect of the House of Lords' unanimous ruling was to uphold firmly the doctrine of corporate personality, as set out in the Companies Act 1862, so that creditors of an insolvent company could not sue the company's shareholders for payment of outstanding debts.
Facts
Mr. Aron Salomon made leather boots or shoes as a sole proprietor. His sons wanted to become business partners, so he turned the business into a limited liability company. This company purchased Salomon's business at an excessive price for its value. His wife and five elder children became subscribers and the two elder sons became directors. Mr. Salomon took 20,001 of the company's 20,007 shares which was payment from A Salomon & Co Limited for his old business (each share was valued at £1). Transfer of the business took place on 1 June 1892. The company also issued to Mr. Salomon £10,000 in debentures. On the security of his debentures, Mr. Salomon received an advance of £5,000 from Edmund Broderip.
Soon after Mr. Salomon incorporated his business there was a decline in boot sales. The company failed, defaulting on its interest payments on its debentures (half held by Broderip). Broderip sued to enforce his security. The company was put into liquidation. Broderip was repaid his £5,000. This left £1,055 company assets remaining, of which Salomon claimed under the retained debentures he retained. If Salomon's claim was successful this would leave nothing for the unsecured creditors. When the company failed, the company's liquidator contended that the floating charge should not be honoured, and Salomon should be made responsible for the company's debts. Salomon sued.
Issues
The liquidator, on behalf of the company, counter-claimed wanting the amounts paid to Salomon paid back, and his debentures cancelled. He argued that Salomon had breached his fiduciary duty to the new company he was promoting by selling his business for an excessive price. He also argued that the whole formation of the company in this way was intended as a fraud against its potential unsecured creditors in the future.
Judgment
Trial Court
At first instance, Judge Vaughan Williams ruled in the case entitled Broderip v Salomon that Mr Broderip's claim was valid. It was undisputed that the 200 shares were fully paid up. He said the company had a right of indemnity against Mr Salomon. He said the signatories of the memorandum of incorporation were mere "dummies" and that the company was really just Mr Salomon in another form, an alias or at least, his agent. Therefore, it was entitled to indemnity from the principal. The liquidator amended the counter claim, and an award was made for indemnity. The agency argument was accepted.
Court of Appeal
The Court of Appeal confirmed Vaughan Williams J's decision against Mr Salomon, though on the grounds that Mr Salomon had abused the privileges of incorporating a limited liability company, which Parliament had intended only to confer on "independent not counterfeit shareholders, who had a mind and will of their own and were not mere puppets". Lindley LJ (an expert on partnership law) held that the company was a trustee for Mr Salomon and, as such, Salomon was bound to indemnify the company's debts.
Lopes LJ and Kay LJ variously described the company as a myth and a fiction and said that the incorporation of the business by Mr Salomon had been a mere scheme to enable him to carry on as before but with his personal liability for debt limited.
House of Lords
The House of Lords unanimously overturned this decision, rejecting the arguments of agency. They held that there was nothing in the Act about whether the subscribers (i.e., the shareholders) should be independent of the majority shareholder. The company was duly constituted in law and it was not the function of judges to read into the statute limitations they themselves considered expedient. Lord Halsbury LC stated that the statute "enacts nothing as to the extent or degree of interest which may be held by each of the seven [shareholders] or as to the proportion of interest or influence possessed by one or the majority over the others." His judgment continued.
Lord Herschell noted the potentially "far reaching" implications of the Court of Appeal's logic and that in recent years many companies had been set up in which one or more of the seven shareholders were "disinterested persons" who did not wield any influence over the management of the company. Anyone dealing with such a company was aware of its nature as such, and could by consulting the register of shareholders become aware of the breakdown of share ownership among the shareholders.
Lord Macnaghten asked what was wrong with Mr. Salomon taking advantage of the provisions set out in the statute, as he was perfectly legitimately entitled to do. It was not the function of judges to read limitations into a statute on the basis of their own personal view that, if the laws of the land allowed such a thing, they were "in a most lamentable state", as Malins V-C had stated in an earlier case in point, In Re Baglan Hall Colliery Co., which had likewise been overturned by the House of Lords. The key parts of his judgement were as follows.
Significance
Salomon's case still represents the orthodox view of separate legal personality under English law, although a number of exceptions have since evolved. In Williams & Humbert v W & H Trade Marks [1986] AC 368 at 429B Lord Templeman described as "heretical" the suggestion that this principle should be ignored. In E.B.M. Co Limited v Dominion Bank [1937] 3 All ER 555 at 564 Lord Russell of Killowen stated the principle was one of "supreme importance". In Adams v Cape Industries plc [1990] Ch 433 Slade LJ said "the court is not free to disregard the principle of Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd [1897] AC 22 merely because it considers that justice so requires. Our law, for better or worse, recognises the creation of subsidiary companies, which though in one sense the creatures of their parent companies, will nevertheless under the general law fall to be treated as separate legal entities with all the rights and liabilities which would normally attach to separate legal entities." In at paragraph 66 Lord Neuberger called Salomon: "a clear and principled decision, which has stood unimpeached for over a century".
In the decades since Salomon's case, various exceptional circumstances have been delineated, both by legislatures and the judiciary, in England and elsewhere (including Ireland) when courts can legitimately disregard a company's separate legal personality, such as where crime or fraud has been committed. There is therefore much debate as to whether the same decision would be reached if the same facts were considered in the modern legal environment, given the House of Lords' decisions in Pepper v Hart and Re Spectrum Plus Ltd and the Privy Council in Attorney General of Belize v Belize Telecom Ltd that require a purposive approach to interpreting legislation. In 2013 there was a systemic review of these authorities in Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd and Lord Sumption distinguished between cases of truly "piercing the corporate veil" and situations where it was held that the company was essentially an agent for a wrongdoer or held property on trust.
Although Salomon's case is cited in court to this day, it has met with considerable criticism. For example, Otto Kahn-Freund called the decision "calamitous" in his article published at [1944] 7 MLR 54. In that article, the author also called for the abolition of private companies.
Reform
Shortly after the decision was handed down the Preferential Payments in Bankruptcy Amendment Act 1897 was passed into law as a response. The effect of that statute was to provide that certain classes of preferred creditors would take priority over the claims of a secured creditor under a floating charge. However, the effectiveness of that Act was limited by the fact that a floating charge crystallises into a fixed charge prior to enforcement, and so it was not until the Insolvency Act 1986 modified the provision to state that a floating charge include any charge which was created as a floating charge (i.e. irrespective of subsequent crystallisation) that priority of the preferred creditors was promoted ahead of the floating chargeholders.
See also
Corporate law
Berkey v. Third Avenue Railway 244 N.Y. 602, 155 N.E. 914 (1927) a leading case on separate personhood in US corporate law
Lee v Lee’s Air Farming Ltd
Notes
References
[1897] 13 LQR 6
O Kahn Freund, [1944] 7 MLR 54
House of Lords cases
United Kingdom company case law
Lord Lindley cases
United Kingdom corporate personality case law
1896 in British law
1896 in case law |
Navasota hebetella is a species of snout moth in the genus Navasota. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887 and is found in North America, including Texas.
References
Moths described in 1887
Anerastiini
Taxa named by Émile Louis Ragonot |
Strathroy station is a railway station in Strathroy-Caradoc, Ontario, Canada. It is a stop on Via Rail's Toronto–Sarnia train route. The station is wheelchair accessible. It has an enclosed, unheated shelter and used to be opened 1 hour before and 1 hour after trains. The station is rarely opened now due to high levels of vandalism. Two trains service Strathroy daily, VIA 84 (eastbound) at 09:27 and VIA 87 (westbound) at 21:37. Reservations are required 40 minutes in advance in order for a train to stop at this station.
The International Limited was operated jointly by Via Rail and Amtrak between Chicago and Toronto. The service operated from 1982–2004.
See also
Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (Via Rail) – trans-provincial passenger rail corridor which includes Strathroy
Rail transport in Ontario
References
External links
Strathroy train station on VIARail.ca
Transport in Strathroy-Caradoc
Via Rail stations in Ontario
Railway stations in Canada opened in 2004
Former Amtrak stations in Canada
Railway stations in Middlesex County, Ontario |
Lawrence from the kindred Atyusz (; died after 1224) was a Hungarian noble, who served as Judge royal for a short time in 1222, during the reign of Andrew II of Hungary.
He was born into the Atyusz kindred as the second son of Atyusz II. His older brother was Atyusz III, who also functioned as Judge royal from 1215 to 1217. Former genealogical works referred to Lawrence incorrectly as the child of Atyusz III. Lawrence had no descendants.
Lawrence had participated in the Fifth Crusade and was also appointed Master of the cupbearers by King Andrew II in 1217, replacing the Hont-Pázmány brothers, Sebes and Alexander. He held the office until 1221, beside that he also served as ispán of Újvár and Keve Counties in 1221. According to historian Attila Zsoldos, he was elected Judge royal for a short time in 1222, during the nobles' resistance movement which soon evolved into the forced issuance of the Golden Bull of 1222 by Andrew II. He also functioned as head of Nyitra County in 1222. However he was soon replaced by his cousin, Solomon as Judge royal. Lawrence held the office of ispán of Újvár County for the second time between 1222 and 1224.
References
Sources
Lawrence
13th-century Hungarian people
Judges royal
Christians of the Fifth Crusade
Masters of the cupbearers |
Rita C. Meyer (born 1951) is an American politician who served as Wyoming State Auditor from 2007 to 2011. Instead of seeking a second term as auditor in 2010, Meyer ran unsuccessfully as a candidate in the 2010 Wyoming gubernatorial election. She lost by approximately seven hundred votes to fellow Republican Matt Mead in the primary election held on August 17, 2010.
Early life and education
Meyer lived near Johnstown in Brown County in northern Nebraska. In 1977, the family moved to Centennial, Wyoming. Meyer attended the University of Wyoming and holds an MBA from Regis University in Denver, Colorado, and a Master's in National Resource Strategy from National Defense University in Washington, D.C.
Professional career
From 1998 to 2002, Meyer was the Chief of Staff to Wyoming Governor Jim Geringer. She also served on the University of Wyoming Board of Trustees and as head of the Service Academy Nomination Committee for Senator Malcolm Wallop.
Military career
Meyer served for more than twenty-three years as an enlisted airwoman and officer in the Wyoming Air National Guard, having attained the rank of full colonel in July 2004. She is a combat veteran of both Desert Storm and Operation Enduring Freedom. Her final overseas assignment was as a Mission Support Group Commander at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan. She retired from the military in November 2007.
She also served as an admissions liaison officer to the United States Air Force Academy and the Reserve Officers' Training Corps.
Awards and recognition
Meyer has received the award of Outstanding Alumnus from both the University of Wyoming College of Business and the College of Education, the Legion of Merit, the Order of the Bayonet, and the Order of St. Barbara.
Personal life
Meyer was married to Dr. Charles Meyer, a native of Rawlins, Wyoming, from 1977 until his death in 2011. The couple had one son, Charles Stoddard Meyer, daughter-in-law, Jennifer, and grandchildren, Augusta Grace and John Charles Meyer of Ellicott City, MD. Meyer married Stephen Joseph Miller of Cheyenne in 2018.
References
1951 births
Living people
United States Army personnel of the Gulf War
United States Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Regis University alumni
State Auditors of Wyoming
University of Wyoming alumni
Wyoming Republicans
People from Brown County, Nebraska
Politicians from Cheyenne, Wyoming
Female officers of the United States Air Force
Women in the Iraq War
National Guard (United States) colonels
Wyoming National Guard personnel
Women in Wyoming politics
21st-century American women |
Boney is an Australian television series produced by Fauna Productions during 1971 and 1972, featuring James Laurenson in the title role of Detective Inspector Napoleon Bonaparte. Two series, each of thirteen episodes, were filmed.
The series is centred on Bonaparte, an Australian Aboriginal character, created by Arthur Upfield, who wrote twenty-nine Bony novels between 1929 and 1964.
Cast
Main/regular
James Laurenson as Detective Inspector Bonaparte (Boney) (Series 1 and 2)
Kate Fitzpatrick as Constable Alice McGorr (Series 2 only)
Notable guests
Nick Tate as Sgt Peter Irwin (season 1, 2 episodes)
Deryck Barnes as Sgt Colin Harvey (ep "Boney Walks with Death")
Honor Blackman as Mary Answorth (ep "Boney in Venom House")
Ken Goodlet as Inspector Walters (ep "Boney and the Kelly Gang")
David Gulpilil as various characters in various episodes, both series (plus featured dancer in opening and closing sequences)
Max Phipps as Morris Answorth (ep "Boney In Venom House")
Jack Thompson as Red Kelly (ep "Boney and the Kelly Gang")
Charles "Bud" Tingwell as Jeff Stanton (ep "Boney and the Powder Trail")
Bindi Williams as Pintubi (ep "Boney and the Powder Trail")
Googie Withers as Mrs Loftus (ep "Boney and the Reaper"), Diana Thompson (ep "Boney Hunts a Murderess"), also in ep "Boney and the Paroo Bikeman"
Peter Gwynne as Tim Thursley
Peter Sumner as Sgt. Peter Fuller
Mark Lee as Dave O’Dwyer
John Orcsik as Greg Pampin
Diane Craig as Marion (ep "Boney and the Powder Trail")
Maggie Dence as Mrs. Coutts (ep "Boney and the Emu Man")
Production
Australian TV audiences were introduced to Detective Inspector Napoleon Bonaparte in 1972. "Boney" (spelled "Bony" in the books) was an Aboriginal detective who tracked murderers by spotting an overturned twig or a crushed ant on the sand. A loner who never failed to crack a case, he was impatient with authority, charming, arrogant and an expert burglar, moving in a world of sunbaked claypans and the most distant reaches of the Outback where only the Aborigines could survive.
Arthur Upfield's books told of a baby found in the bush near the body of his Aboriginal mother (killed for her forbidden relationship with a white man). He was taken to a mission station where he was given the name Napoleon Bonaparte and grew up to be a detective specializing in murder cases.
Development
During 1963, British film director Michael Powell first visited Australia to preproduce his film, They're A Weird Mob. There he met actor and theatre businessman John McCallum and Bob Austin (a legal expert) who used their local knowledge to find finance from Australian backers. The film did well, and three years later the trio bought the film and television rights to the Bony detective novels. A script written for Paramount Pictures failed to secure a deal, and Powell moved on to other projects.
By 1970, John McCallum, Bob Austin and veteran Australian producer Lee Robinson had set up Fauna Productions, and having made their reputation with the children's TV series Skippy the Bush Kangaroo and Barrier Reef and the feature film Nickel Queen, they found finance to make a series titled Bonaparte from various international sources (American investors had shown enthusiasm, but had pulled out when their demand that Bony be completely white was refused).
It was decided to shoot the stories in contemporary Australia, and English playwright and scriptwriter Eric Paice flew over to head the writing team. Signed up to direct alternate episodes were experienced drama helmers Peter Maxwell and Eric Fullilove, and casting for Upfield's unusual half-Aboriginal hero began.
Casting
According to John McCallum: "We looked all over Australia! Ideally, of course, the part should have been played by a half-Aborigine, and we saw hundreds of people, but it needed someone with very considerable acting experience and expertise. We auditioned white actors in every state, but there was no-one with the right physiognomy and characteristics for the part..."
Aboriginal groups feared that black actors were being discriminated against, and publicly denounced Fauna.
An English actor, Jon Finch, was eventually signed, but when he pulled out two weeks before shooting began, McCallum had to fly to London. Having interviewed more than eighty actors, and just about to phone home and postpone production, an actor from New Zealand, James Laurenson, arrived, and McCallum knew he'd found Bony, although Laurenson would have to wear dark make-up for the part.
Well known Aboriginal actor Jack Charles recounted in 2010 how, when he auditioned for the role in 1972, the producer told him they were looking for an actor with blue eyes.
Laurenson's casting was immediately criticised. He said in a 1972 interview: "I think any actor, black or white or yellow, has the right to play any part... I can understand their grievances but the company searched long and hard for an aboriginal Boney. They felt they couldn't come up with anyone who could sustain a six days a week schedule. You do need a certain amount of experience to stay alive".
Bob Maza said "I could have guaranteed John McCallum ten articulate, sophisticated black people to play that part. He didn't look very hard. Did he look at all?"
Upfield had told McCallum that he'd always intended to call his detective "Boney", but a printer's error had changed it to "Bony" - and the preferred spelling replaced "Bonaparte" as the title of the series. The crew flew to Alice Springs during July 1971 to film the first episode, "Boney Buys A Woman". Twelve-hour six-day working weeks bonded the producers, cast and crew. As John McCallum recalled: "It wasn't an easy series to shoot. The long lines of communication to Sydney added to our difficulties and costs. Rushes took days, sometimes weeks to get to us. The heat was appalling for most of the time and the flies worse. But we had a splendid crew who would work in the blazing sun or the pouring rain... they complained, of course, but they did it!".
The first series was well received in Australia and internationally, so a further thirteen episodes were filmed, co-starring Kate Fitzpatrick as Boney's assistant, Constable Alice McGorr. The second season started filming in July 1972.
Reception
In contrast to the greater popularity that Upfield's character Bony had in the United States compared to Australia, the series was not shown in America. According to John McCallum, several attempts to sell the series to distributors in the United States were rejected as they could not accept that a police detective, along with most of the criminals he hunted, did not use firearms. Although there was interest in producing a third series, it was James Laurenson's reluctance over typecasting issues that eventually prevented it.
While some episodes are set in towns, the unique atmosphere of "Boney" lies in its use of the Outback - the best stories take place in scorched orange landscapes where the white person is an outsider, and Boney needs all his inherited skills to solve the crime. Wonderful images abound: a white-haired Aboriginal chief touring his lands in a rusty car pulled by camels; a car pushed into the path of a train by a combine harvester; a ghostly Aborigine revenge squad implacably hunting a murderer - and spearing him.
Australian Aboriginal people are represented as dignified characters in the series - low-key, reserved, but dangerous when angered, operating on the edges of the white world, but sometimes willing to help Boney, often using telepathy or magic.
James Laurenson’s Boney is magnetic, arrogant yet charming, exasperatingly self-confident and determined not to take "No" for an answer (unless it's the answer he wants). John McCallum said that "James gave an excellent performance. He looked right and he sounded right, and I think Arthur Upfield would have been very pleased with him".
Reviewing Boney and the Black Opal The Age said Laurenson's "talent is wrapped in a tall frame and dark, rugged good looks that should make him Australia's newest TV sex symbol".
Valda Marshall of the Sydney Morning Herald said Laurenson was "superb... I predict Laurenson will have half the women of Australia drooling over their sets. He turns in an extraordinary performance, with not even a drop of Maori blood, he looks completely the part of the half-caste Aboriginal detective".
1990s series
In 1992, a series entitled Bony was shown in Australia. Its thirteen episodes were produced by Grundy, a company known for packaging quiz show formats and producing soap operas. Starring 26-year-old actor and singer Cameron Daddo, the Bony pilot film was about Inspector Bonaparte’s grandson David, himself a detective - but (reacting to complaints from Aboriginal viewers) in the resulting series Daddo’s character was a white policeman who had been brought up by Aboriginals, and who had an elderly black mentor, his uncle (played by Burnum Burnum). Partly funded by the West German broadcaster ZDF, which had put money into the 1971/2 series, the producers had bought the name Bony, but the series bore no other relation to the Upfield books nor the Fauna series.
In popular culture
Record producer Frank Farian named the 1970s disco group Boney M after the character.
References
External links
Boney Episode Guide
Boney The Original TV Series One & Two
Boney - a song by Rolf Harris about the character
1972 Australian television series debuts
1973 Australian television series endings
1970s Australian crime television series
1970s Australian drama television series
Television shows based on Australian novels
Indigenous Australian television series |
```smalltalk
/*
*
* This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
* of the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for details.
*
* path_to_url
*
*/
namespace Piranha.Security;
/// <summary>
/// The permission manager.
/// </summary>
public class PermissionManager
{
private readonly Dictionary<string, IList<PermissionItem>> _modules = new Dictionary<string, IList<PermissionItem>>();
/// <summary>
/// Gets the permission items for the given module.
/// </summary>
public IList<PermissionItem> this[string module]
{
get
{
if (!_modules.TryGetValue(module, out var items))
{
_modules[module] = items = new List<PermissionItem>();
}
return items;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the registered permission modules.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The module names</returns>
public IList<string> GetModules()
{
return _modules.Keys.OrderBy(k => k).ToList();
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the permissions for the given module.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="module">The module name</param>
/// <returns>The available permissions</returns>
public IList<PermissionItem> GetPermissions(string module)
{
return this[module].OrderBy(p => p.Name).ToList();
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets all of the available permissions.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The available permissions</returns>
public IList<PermissionItem> GetPermissions()
{
var all = new Dictionary<string, PermissionItem>();
foreach (var module in GetModules())
{
foreach (var permission in GetPermissions(module))
{
all[permission.Name] = permission;
}
}
return all.Values.OrderBy(k => k.Name).ToList();
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets all of available permissions that is not internal.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The available permissions</returns>
public IList<PermissionItem> GetPublicPermissions()
{
var all = new Dictionary<string, PermissionItem>();
foreach (var module in GetModules())
{
foreach (var permission in GetPermissions(module).Where(p => !p.IsInternal))
{
all[permission.Name] = permission;
}
}
return all.Values.OrderBy(k => k.Name).ToList();
}
}
``` |
Socket sTRX4, also known as Socket SP3r3, is a land grid array (LGA) CPU socket designed by AMD supporting its Zen 2-based third-generation Ryzen Threadripper desktop processors, launched on November 25, 2019 for the high-end desktop and workstation platforms.
Socket sTRX4 is the direct successor to Socket TR4 used in the first- and second-generation Ryzen Threadripper products. It is physically identical to, but electrically incompatible with, both TR4 and AMD's server Socket SP3.
While Socket SP3 doesn't require a chipset, instead utilizing a system-on-a-chip design, Socket sTRX4 and its predecessor require a chipset to provide improved connectivity and functionality. For Socket sTRX4, the TRX40 chipset was developed, which provides a total of 88 PCIe 4.0 lanes, an increase from the 66 PCIe 3.0 lanes on its predecessor platform. Also it no longer features a built-in High Definition Audio interface; instead motherboard manufacturers are including a separate audio controller onboard to provide audio functionality. AMD promised long-term support for socket sTRX4. Despite this, AMD only gave it one generation of CPU's before discontinuing the regular Ryzen Threadripper lineup (the only product to ever use sTRX4) and producing only the Threadripper Pro CPUs on socket sWRX8.
See also
Ryzen
Zen 2
Socket AM4
Socket TR4
Socket SP3
References
AMD sockets |
Fatal Promise () is a 2020 South Korean television series starring Park Ha-na, Go Se-won, Kang Sung-min and Park Young-rin. The Mega Monster-produced series, directed by Kim Shin-il and written by Ma Ju-hee, revolves around revenge of a girl who was unjustly sacrificed, by a man to save his family in exchange for injustice and compromise to reality. The daily drama was premiered on KBS2 on March 30, 2020 and aired every weekday at 19:50 (KST) till August 28, 2020.
Synopsis
The drama is a fierce sensibility melodrama. Cha Eun-dong, an upright citizen who has stood up against injustice. Coming from humble beginnings, she has also practiced patience. Unfortunately one day her family is cast into turbulence after she is betrayed by the one person she confides in. Brutally deceived, she is reborn by the burning fire of vengeance as she swears retribution. In contrast, Kang Tae-in has always been a rational man of morals who has always kept his word. Starting as a lowly employee to now the chairman of F Sports Group, he has only depended on himself for a better life. The one promise he has broken was the one he made to Eun Dong, after having to choose between her and his chance for opulence. The two people meet again seven years later.
Cast and characters
The cast and characters of the series are:
Main
Park Ha-na as Cha Eun-dong
Yoo Chae-yeon as child Cha Eun-dong
She is the daughter of a security worker who was a former Catholic priest who lost everything in the face of injustice . It was a'trouble maker' that unintentionally caused a disturbance over the overflowing sense of justice from an early age.
Go Se-won as Kang Tae-in
F-Sports Group director who is cold-hearted / A man who compromised with reality for his family. Grown up as the son of an ordinary family, he rose from the F-Sports group's lower end staff to executive positions with only one skill. He has even received the credentials of the chairman with his cool reason and thorough judgment. However, Choi Joon-hyuk's strategy leads to being driven to the end of the cliff, and eventually, he abandons his promise with Cha Eun-dong and compromises with reality. Kang Tae-in, suffering from guilt, has never forgotten her. Seven years later, she appears in front of him in anger, and the sealed Pandora's box opens.
Kang Sung-min as Choi Jun-hyuk
F Sports Group Legal Affairs Team Leader. Son of Juran, Chairman of the Korean Hospital Medical Foundation, who shook everyone's lives with dangerous transactions . F Sports Group Chairman Kwang-Hoon-han is a family. However, his credibility is toward college classmate Kang Tae-in, and his case with him is on the brink of confrontation. Then, in the wake of an incident, he makes a dangerous proposal that cannot be resisted to Kang Tae-in's fiancée Oh Hye-won, which completely transforms the lives of three people Cha Eun-dong, Kang Tae-in, and Oh Hye-won.
Park Young-rin as Oh Hye-won
Korea Hospital Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon and fiancée of Kang Tae-in, a person who is shaken in front of desire at every moment. She promised to marry Kang Tae-in, who had been a lover since college. Born in a poor family. She was about to take office as a thoracic surgeon, but she is in danger of losing everything she had accumulated unjustly. And at the end of the cliff, Choi Jun-hyuk proposes a risky deal, and there is a conflict between love and ambition.
Lee Chang-wook as Han Ji-hoon
Ki Eun-yoo as child Han Ji-hoon
Son of F Sports Group Chairman/ Son of Geum Soo-jeo, Chairman of F Sports Group, who has consistently pure love. He was born with a silver spoon and grew up without any shortcomings, but he was Han-Liang who caused all kinds of accidents when he was in school due to resentment and wounds toward his father. His life, which couldn't be found at all as serious, completely changes when he meets Cha Eun-dong. Whenever it was difficult, he became the only resting place for her, and he later confronts Kang Tae-in fiercely over Cha Eun-dong.
Supporting
People around Cha Eun-dong
Lee Dae-yeon as Cha Man-jong, Cha Eun-dong father, a former priest, he got a job as a security officer at the hospital where Hye-won works, and he faced a mysterious accident there. (Special appearance)
Yoo Jun-seo as Cha Eun-chan, Eun-dong's younger brother.
Yu Ji-yeon as Kong Young-sim, Eun-dong's close bloody sister, girlfriend of Bong Seok-gu
Hyun Cheol-ho as Bong Seok-gu, due to the former lawyer Lee Chang-wook, live as a family and calls Eun-dong his sister-in-law.
People around Kang Tae-in
People around Han Ji-hoon
People around Oh Hye-won
Yoon Bok-in as Go Jae-sook - Hye-won's mother
Original soundtrack
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Ratings
Awards and nominations
Notes
References
External links
Korean Broadcasting System television dramas
2020 South Korean television series debuts
2020 South Korean television series endings
Korean-language television shows
Television series by Mega Monster
South Korean melodrama television series
South Korean revenge television series |
Martín del Barco Centenera (1535 – c. 1602) was a Spanish cleric, explorer and author.
A street in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, is named after him.
Life
Born 1535 at Logrosán, in the Diocese of Plasencia in Extremadura region (Spain); died c. 1602. He became a secular priest and in 1572 accompanied, as chaplain, the expedition of Juan Ortiz de Zárate to the Rio de La Plata in South America. For twenty-four years he followed the vicissitudes of Spanish exploration in the Argentine with undaunted courage.
Centenera was made archdeacon of the church of Paraguay. In 1582 he went to Lima and acted as secretary to the third council held in that city.
He returned to Europe, where he finished his poetical work, known as "La Argentina", which he dedicated to the Viceroy of Portugal (for the Habsburg king Philip III of Spain). It appeared in 1602. Soon after, del Barco died.
Work
Its historical value is considerable. He describes nearly a quarter of a century of Spanish efforts in Argentina and adjacent countries, of which he was mostly an eyewitness, and thus fills a considerable blank in our knowledge of the history of that period, otherwise but little known.
He also alludes to the English piracies committed by Francis Drake and Thomas Cavendish, and to events of importance in Peru during the administration of the Viceroy Toledo. Several of the violent earthquakes of the time are also mentioned and described, though not always with correctness in regard to dates.
References
External links
Argentina y conquista del Rio de la Plata, con otros acaecimientos de los Reynos del Peru..., Lisboa, 1602, at the National Library of Portugal
16th-century Spanish Roman Catholic priests
17th-century Spanish Roman Catholic priests
Spanish explorers
16th-century Spanish writers
16th-century male writers
1535 births
1602 deaths |
Villmar is a market village and municipality in the Limburg-Weilburg district in Hesse, Germany. The community is the centre for quarrying and processing the so-called Lahn Marble.
Geography
Location
Villmar lies in the Lahn River valley between the Westerwald and the Taunus, some ten kilometres east of Limburg. In terms of the natural environment, the southwestern part of the municipal area comprises the eastern part of the Limburg Basin (this part known locally as the Villmar Bay or Villmarer Bucht), a nearly even two- to three-kilometre-wide plain that opens to the west lying at elevations of 160 to 180 m into which the Lahn's winding lower valley has cut a channel about 50 metres deep.
Conditioned by the mild climate and the extensive loess soils, intensive crop production prevails here. To the north, the somewhat higher (220–260 m), more richly wooded Weilburger Lahntalgebiet ("Weilburg Lahn valley area") joins up with the Weilburger Lahntal ("Weilburg Lahn valley") and the Gaudernbacher Platte ("Gaudernbach Tableland"), where cropland is limited to scattered loess islands. In the southeast rises the likewise more thickly wooded northwestern part of the Eastern Hintertaunus (or Langhecker Lahntaunus) with the Villmarer Galgenberg (277 m) as its westernmost outpost, visible from a great distance. The municipal area's highest point (332 m) is found southeast of the outlying centre of Langhecke, and the lowest point (114 m) is on the community's western limit where the Lahn flows into the town of Runkel.
Geology
Lying in the geologically significant Lahnmulde ("Lahn Hollow"), Villmar is rich in mineral deposits from the Middle Devonian period: silver, iron ore, slate, and limestone. As the reef limestone (called Lahn marble) could be cut and polished, it was of economic importance to the area. In addition to the reef limestone, the extensively mined, mostly greenish diabase tuff was used for many purposes (for instance, ringwall, parish house and most older buildings' cellars.)
The later deposits from the Tertiary, however, are of lesser importance. Small amounts of sand and gravel are quarried near the Villmarer Galgenberg. Tertiary vulcanism left behind sporadic basalt deposits near Falkenbach, Seelbach and Weyer. These deposits are no longer worked.
Neighbouring communities
Villmar borders in the northwest on the town of Runkel, in the northeast on the community of Weinbach, in the east on the community of Weilmünster, in the south on the communities of Selters and Brechen, and in the west on the town of Limburg (all in Limburg-Weilburg).
Constituent communities
Villmar's Ortsteile are Aumenau, Falkenbach, Langhecke, Seelbach, Villmar and Weyer.
History
Villmar's main centre had its first documentary mention in 1053 when Emperor Heinrich III donated the royal estate of Villmar to the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Matthew in Trier. The landholding bound to this and the abbey's earnings was more closely circumscribed in later confirmations. Of particular importance in this is the abbot's right, already falsely appended to the donation document, to employ a secular Schutzvogt, which amounted to a noble title. In 1154, the abbey's ownership rights were assigned by Archbishop Hillin of Trier to the Villmar Church. A list was drawn up of places owing tithes, among them the current constituent communities of Seelbach, Aumenau and Weyer.
It is believed that in the same year, a falsification of the original document, backdated to 1054, appeared, which dealt with the Vogt rights as well as the parish's extent, and thereby with tithes. The centres of Aumenau and Weyer were already being mentioned in writing in the 8th century, and Falkenbach and Langhecke followed in the 13th and 14th, respectively. Scholars have concluded, indirectly from other documents, that an autonomous parish of Villmar must already have arisen by 910. Even the placename “Villmar” suggests that the community had its beginnings before Frankish times.
In 1166 a Trier ministerial family named “von Villmar”, who had apparently moved to the community not long before this, was living here. The name “von Koblenz” for this family also crops up later, although by the late 13th century, the former seems to have definitively become the family's name. Their coat of arms was quartered in gules (red) and argent (silver or white). In the 14th century, a side-branch of the family formed in Hadamar. There is evidence that the family's holdings lay around Limburg, Montabaur and Delkenheim Castle in the Rheingau, and in the Wetterau. In 1428, the family died out.
Acting as Vögte (plural of Vogt) beginning in the 13th century were counts from the House of Isenburg, in whose service also stood the House of Villmar. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the House of Solms also had Vogt rights. The Landeshoheit (roughly, “territorial sovereignty”) over Villmar's municipal area, to which today's constituent community of Arfurt also belonged, was contested in later times by the Gaugrafen (“Regional Counts”) of Diez, and later, as their successors in the tithing area (Cent) of Aumenau after 1366, by the Counts of Wied-Runkel. As of the 13th century, the historical record also shows Trier's ambition to wrest ascendancy over Villmar from the local overlords.
In 1346, in a move instigated by Archbishop Balduin of Luxembourg, Villmar was granted town rights in the Archbishop's hopes that this might further his goal of annexing the town. In the end, though, this ambition never came to fruition, as a basis for this deed in law could not be established. Trier did not succeed in conquering Villmar in 1359 despite the would-be conquerors’ attack of the fortifications. The conflict with the Villmar Vögte reached its high point in 1360 when the Trier coadjutor bishop Kuno von Falkenstein destroyed the Burg Gretenstein (castle), built near Villmar by Philipp von Isenburg.
The dispute over the territory's overlordship was settled in the 16th century when, with Saint Matthew's Abbey's (Abtei St. Matthias) consent in 1565, the Villmar Vogt rights held by the Isenburg-Büdingens and the Solms-Münzenbergs were sold to the Electorate of Trier for 14,000 Frankfurt guilders. In 1596, the area was united with Wied-Runkel, which forwent Ascendancy over the Villmar-Arfurt municipal area. It was made into a Trier bailiwick. This also had consequences for religious affiliation: while Villmar (and Arfurt) remained uninfluenced by the Reformation, the centres of Seelbach, Falkenbach, Aumenau and Weyer in the Runkel domain were converted, first in 1562 to Lutheranism, and as of 1587 and 1588 to Calvinism. Despite the Reformation, the Abbey continued to derive income as the landlord, including church tithes, until 1803.
After the Electorate's and the Holy Roman Empire's fall between 1803 and 1806, Villmar passed in 1806 to the newly created Duchy of Nassau. In 1866 it was annexed by Prussia. After the Second World War, Villmar became part of the new state (Bundesland) of Hesse.
Within the framework of municipal reform in Hesse, the above-named constituent communities (all former self-administering communities in the old Oberlahnkreis district) merged in 1970 and 1971 to form the new collective community of Villmar. Since 2002 it has been designated a Marktflecken (“market town”).
Politics
Community council
The municipal election held on 26 March 2006 yielded the following results:
Sightseeing
St. Peter’s and Paul’s Parish Church
The church was built between 1746 and 1749 by Thomas Neurohr (Boppard) on the former site of a 1282 Late Romanesque church which had been called a “basilica”. It was built with a five-arched nave with buttresses and flat groin vaulting. The somewhat narrower quire with its arch and 5/8 end is set to the east, ahead of the tower. The latter was given a new neo-Gothic pinnacle after a lightning strike in 1885.
Inside is found rich Late Baroque décor (1760–64) from the Hadamar school (Johann Thüringer, Jakob Wies) as well as works made in the 18th and 19th centuries from local Lahn marble. The Jakobusaltar, nowadays in the Baroque style, was mentioned as early as 1491 as the Jakobus- und Matthias-Altar.
In 1957 architect Paul Johannbroer (Wiesbaden) designed an expansion similar to a quire towards the west. A Celebration altar and an ambo made of French lime sand brick were carved by sculptor Walter Schmitt (Villmar) in the 1980s and 1990s. The organ was built in 1754 and 1755 by Johann Christian Köhler (Frankfurt). After several overhauls (1885/86 Gebr. Keller, Limburg, 1932 and 1976 Johannes Klais, Bonn), today it comprises 27 stops on two keyboards and one pedalboard. Its Baroque design has been preserved.
Lahn marble
The Lahn Marbles are a group of reef limestones with about 100 varieties of dimension stones.
The Marmorbrücke (Marble Bridge) across the Lahn River was built 1894/95. The span is supported by two piers surmounted by three segmental arches; its length to the abutments is 21.5 m. The piers and arches are made out of massive Lahn marble blocks, and the sides are dressed with decorative Lahn marble stones of various kinds. This bridge, an outstanding example of its kind in Germany, has been protected as a Technical Monument since 1985.
The Unica-Bruch, an abandoned Lahn marble quarry, holds the centre of a 380-million-year-old fossil coral reef (limestone) from the Middle Devonian.
The Lahnmarmor-Museum, opened in 2004, shows how Lahn marble came into being, was quarried, and was used.
At the Museum Wiesbaden, many exhibits about Lahn marble are displayed. Moreover, many buildings in Wiesbaden are dressed with the stone.
The Villmarer Lahnmarmor-Weg offers a glimpse into how the varieties of marble were quarried and processed.
The marble from Villmar was used in building, among other structures, the Empire State Building in New York City, United States.
Other landmarks
King Konrad Memorial. In 1894, a statue of King Conrad I of Germany (911-918) was erected on the Bodensteiner Lay, a cliff downstream towards Runkel on the Lahn's left bank. It was made of Devonian limestone.
Fortification remains: A circular rampart was recorded in 1250 and girded the community until the early 19th century. Originally it had three crenellated gates and seven towers. Now all that remains is the bottom part of the Mattheiser Turm (Matthews' Tower) and a few wall remnants, mostly in the former Kellerei-Bezirk (wine cellar quarter). There are two well-preserved gateway arches (Matthiaspforte and Valeriuspforte). The Vogteiburg (“sheriff’s castle”) from the 13th century, built as a residential tower, can be discerned through the remains of its lower walls. The Vögte held authority over the high court, which was sited on the Dingplatz, between the castle and the church. In the 18th century this was called the alter Burg Platz. Today it is a former graveyard. The execution site lay roughly 2 km southeast of town on Galgenberg (Gallows Mountain). In 1890 the diocesan building master Max Meckel replaced the wine-cellar building with a new parish house built in English neo-Gothic style. He incorporated a tower from the old building.
NaturFreundehaus “Wilhelmsmühle” or Lahntalhaus, between Villmar and Aumenau, used since 1928; a new building was constructed in 1932. Many prominent politicians and like-minded people came here for relaxation and quiet. Among them were the Social Democrat Philipp Scheidemann, who after the First World War had proclaimed the First German Republic in Berlin in 1918; the longtime SPD chairman Erich Ollenhauer; and the former Mayor (Oberbürgermeister) of the state capital Wiesbaden, Georg Buch. For a time he acted as President of the Hesse Landtag. Unique among the events at the Lahntalhaus before the Second World War were the Kinderrepubliken (Children's Republics). Several hundred participants would stay at the tent camp, which bore the motto Ordnung, Freundschaft, Solidarität (Order, Friendship, Solidarity).
Economy and infrastructure
Villmar's economic importance lay in marble processing, which began in the 17th century. From 1790 onwards, twelve quarries are known to have been worked, with others in the outlying area. In the second half of the 20th century, Lahn marble came up against competition from cheaper imports, disrupting mining operations. Processing continued, however, even as smaller works disappeared over time, often owing to lack of growth. Among the greater operations, the Nassauische Marmorwerke closed its gates in 1979 after becoming insolvent. Likewise, the Steinverarbeitungsbetrieb Engelbert Müller, which had been known since the War for great building projects of sacred objects, shut down in 2001. The last quarrying in Villmar was done in 1989 for the reconstruction of the high altar at the Jesuitenkirche Mannheim, which had been heavily damaged in the Second World War. Four stoneworking businesses are still running in town today.
In the 17th century, silver was mined, although the lode was soon exhausted.
Since the 1950s, Villmar has changed into a residential community with moderate tourism. The great majority of workers earns its livelihood in Limburg an der Lahn, Wetzlar, Gießen and, given the favourable transport connections, the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region.
Transport
Villmar is linked to the long-distance road network by the Limburg-Süd Autobahn interchange on the A 3 (Cologne–Frankfurt), 10 km away.
Within the community lie Villmar and Aumenau railway stations on the Lahntal railway, serving Koblenz, Limburg, Villmar, Wetzlar and Gießen. Arfurt (Lahn) station, which is just outside the municipality, is near Seelbach on the same line. Regionalbahn trains stop here, running the DB Regio AG Limburg–Gießen service. The nearest InterCityExpress stop is the railway station at Limburg Süd on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line.
Villmar's main centre and outlying centres of Aumenau and Falkenbach abut the Lahn, which is not only a river, but also a federal waterway. Along the Lahn also runs the heavily used R7 bicycle path.
Education
Villmar is home to the Johann-Christian-Senckenberg-Schule, a primary school, Hauptschule and Realschule all in one, as well as to a primary school in the outlying centre of Aumenau. Higher schools are to be found in Limburg, Weilburg and Weilmünster.
Institutions
Gemeindliche Kindertagesstätte Villmar (municipal daycare)
Gemeindliche Kindertagesstätte Aumenau (municipal daycare)
Gemeindlicher Kindergarten Seelbach (municipal kindergarten)
Gemeindlicher Kindergarten Weyer (municipal kindergarten)
Katholischer Kindergarten Villmar (Catholic kindergarten)
Villmar Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded in 1929 (includes youth fire brigade)
Aumenau Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded in 1932 (includes youth fire brigade)
Falkenbach Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded in 1934 (includes youth fire brigade)
Langhecke Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded in 1934 (includes youth fire brigade)
Seelbach Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded in 1932 (includes youth fire brigade)
Weyer Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded in 1933 (includes youth fire brigade since 1983)
Famous people
Sons and daughters of the town
Willy Bokler (born on 1 September 1909 in Villmar; d. 12 February 1974), Prelate and Federal President of the Bund der deutschen katholischen Jugend (BDKJ, “Federation of German Catholic Youth) 1952-1965
Bernhard Falk (b. 5 August 1948 in Villmar), Vice-president of the Bundeskriminalamt
Prof. Dr. Dr. habil. Ernst O. Göbel (b. 24 March 1946 in Seelbach), President of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
Honorary citizens
Dr. Jakob Hartmann (b. 22 February 1879; d. 7 May 1961), Physician in Villmar 1905-1956
Nikolaus Homm (b. 6 May 1909; d. 22 October 2004), Catholic priest in Villmar 1952-1976
Peter Weyand (b.16 May 1875; d. 4 February 1963), Catholic priest in Villmar 1924-1952
Famous people who have worked in town
Heinrich Joseph Rompel (b. 1746), Cubist from Mainz in 1792/93, was among the leaders in the "Mainz Revolution".
Hubert Aumüller (b. 26 October 1927), Former mayor of the greater community of Villmar. He was elected mayor of Villmar on 31 May 1952. After 36 years in office, he retired on 30 June 1988. He was formerly the youngest, and by years of service, the oldest mayor in Hesse. His service was recognized with a series of honours, among them the Bundesverdienstkreuz (1982) and, on the occasion of his retirement, the Freiherr-vom-Stein-Plakette.
Bernhard Hemmerle (b. 25 December 1949), Church music director, cantor in Villmar 1975-1994.
Paul Theodor Lüngen (b. 29 June 1912; d. 17 February 1997), Army music master, retired; founder of the Villmar Volunteer Fire Brigade's wind orchestra, leader from December 1979 - August 1985.
References
External links
Community’s homepage
Heimatforschung Villmar
Lahnmarmor-Museum
Limburg-Weilburg |
Karakashian or Karakashyan (Armenian: Կարակաշյան) is an Armenian surname that may refer to:
Narine Karakashian (born 1971), Armenian chess player
Verkine Karakashian (1856 - 1933), Ottoman-Armenian actress and soprano
Yeranuhi Karakashian (1848 - 1924), Ottoman-Armenian actress
Nonna Karakashyan (born 1940), Armenian chess player
Armenian-language surnames |
Eric Alfons Arnlind (14 March 1922 – 22 December 1998) was a Swedish chess player. He was a Swedish Chess Championship medalist in 1961 and received the chess title of International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster in 1968.
Biography
From 1957 to 1961, Arnlind five time participated in Swedish Chess Championship finals. His best result was silver medal in 1961. In this same year Eric Arnlind won Swedish Chess Team Championship with Stockholm team. In 1963, he participated in Stockholm International Chess Tournament.
He played for Sweden in the Chess Olympiad:
In 1958, at first reserve board in the 13th Chess Olympiad in Munich (+4, =6, -2).
Arnlind played for Sweden in the European Team Chess Championship preliminaries:
In 1961, at eight board in the 2nd European Team Chess Championship preliminaries (+3, =1, -0).
He achieved particular success in the correspondence chess. He participated in the 2nd World Correspondence Chess Championship (1956-1959) and ranked in 6th place. In the 8th World Correspondence Chess Championship (1975-1980), Eric Arnlind shared 6th-10th place. In 1959, he received the International Correspondence Master title but in 1968, he was awarded the International Correspondence Grandmaster title.
Arnlind worked as an engineer at the Swedish Road Research Bureau.
References
External links
1922 births
1998 deaths
People from Eurajoki
Swedish chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors
20th-century chess players
Correspondence chess grandmasters |
Schwarziana quadripunctata is a small, stingless bee found in a stretch of the South American Amazon from Goiás, Brazil, through Paraguay, to Misiones, Argentina. This highly eusocial insect constructs earthen nests in the subterranean level of the subtropical environment, an unusual feature among other stingless bees. The species ranges in sizes from and feeds on a diverse diet of flowering plants found abundantly on the forest floor, including guacatonga (Casearia sylvestris) and the mistletoe species Struthanthus concinnus.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
Schwarziana quadripunctata was first described by the French entomologist and former president of the French Entomologist Society Amédéé Louis Michel le Peletier in 1836. Although originally placed in the genus Trigona, more recent taxonomic evaluations have since placed it under its current genus, following the 1943 work of Padre J.S. Moure, occasionally referred to as "the Father of Brazilian Bee Taxonomy". However, some still consider the term Schwarziana as a subgenus rather than genus and instead incorrectly classify it under the closely related genus Plebeia.
The closest relative of S. quadripunctata is the species Schwarziana mourei, determined through morphological and genetic evidence collected in the early twenty-first century. Until recently (2015) it was believed that these were the only two existing species under the genus Schwarziana in the world. However, two more species were discovered in the high altitude environment of South America – S. bocainensis in southeastern Brazil and S. chapadensis in central Brazil.
Description
Bees
The stingless bee S. quadripunctata varies in size from . Worker bees and dwarf queens tend to be on the lower end of this spectrum while queens tend to lie on the higher end. Dwarf queens and workers tend to have an average weight of about 30 mg, but have been known to weigh as much as 40 mg or as little as 22 mg. Mated queens (those in charge of the nest) are, in comparison, much larger. The average queen bee weighs in at about 130 mg. However, some have been measured at over 160 mg, about a quarter of the weight of an average paperclip. Colonies contain a larger queen with greater fecundity than dwarf queens, causing the size discrepancy between the two. Unusual for most other eusocial insects, worker bees and dwarf queen bees tend to be similar in weight and size. The bees have a pale coloration of brown or reddish-brown with occasional yellow markings on the head. They maintain a punctate thorax and abdomen and a dorsal thoracic area sporting a few hairs. Glands are present on the head and thorax. The glands are larger in the heads of general worker bees and larger in the thorax for nursing worker bees.
Nests
Nests are entirely underground on the subtropical floor and consist of vast and expansive cavities. Each nest is occupied by a single colony consisting of an individual queen and several thousand workers. Brood cells are arranged in spiral combs, each cell housing only one individual. Cells housing queens are typically much larger than the surrounding cells housing males and workers.
Distribution and habitat
The distribution of S. quadripunctata ranges from the central highlands of Brazil down towards the northern edge of Argentina on the eastern side of South America. Altitudes can reach up to fifteen hundred meters () in some areas. Lying so near the equator, temperatures are fairly warm year-round, averaging twenty-five degrees Celsius ().
Nests are built into the fertile topsoil of the subtropical rainforests. The niche breadth of S. quadripunctata includes a wide variety of flowering plants that overlaps with many other eusocial bees native to the area, including members of the tribes Meliponini and Trigoni, as well as Africanized honeybees. Each nest features a single, simple rounded entrance, as opposed to a triangular entrance or one with a tube network, several layers, or multiple openings. S. quadripunctata nest entrances in São Paulo, Brazil consisted of an average entrance area of , relatively small compared to the body of the bee. This may account for the lower traffic levels of the stingless bee through the entryway, an average of 17.4 bees per minute per nest.
Members of this species are fairly common in their large South American region, with nests containing over several thousand members each. However, their population is believed to have declined by nearly sixty-five percent (65%) over the past few decades due to competition with the introduced Africanized honeybees along with human deforestation. This decline is projected to continue into the future.
Colony cycle
Colonies are founded by the swarming of individuals consisting of a single queen followed by several thousand worker bees. This can only be achieved if both the queen and her workers “align” themselves towards the same goal in production of fertile females. Once a colony has been established, housing combs are produced by the workers, with larger ones allocated to potential queen larvae and the more numerous, normal-sized cells produced for the worker bee eggs. Dwarf queens are also reared in worker cells. Queen cells are typically located near the edge or periphery of the comb while worker and dwarf queen cells are randomly aggregated towards the center. Although less than one percent (1%) of dwarf queens were seen to emerge from worker cells, they account for nearly eighty-six percent (86%) of the total queen population.
A colony will continue to grow in size until the queen bee dies or swarms to a new location to begin a new colony. In rare cases, two queens may swarm to the same location, due to balanced attractiveness, to begin a new colony. In these special cases, the younger queen typically produces more eggs than the older queen and begins to take over the colony, phasing out the older member.
Behavior
Dominance hierarchy
In the stingless bee S. quadripunctata, as in many social insects, queens reign at the top of the dominance hierarchy, followed by dwarf queens and finally workers. However, dwarf queens have been observed to lead nearly one in five colonies. Although, this accounts for only seventeen percent (17%) of dwarf queens and is significantly lower than the rate at which they were reared (constituting 86% of all females). This does show, however, that becoming a dwarf queen can be beneficial.
Dwarf queens have a lower fecundity and reproduction rate than normal queens. This appears to be the consequence of a reduced egg-laying rate and a lower average ovary weight. A queen’s ovary is nearly four times larger than a dwarf queen’s.
In some aspects, however, workers occasionally have a slight advantage over queens and dwarf queens. Worker bees are in charge of delivering food supplies to developing larvae. Thus, workers can force underdeveloped dwarf queen larvae and queen larvae to be converted into a worker bee, or to be eradicated completely, through extreme limitations of their food rations.
Division of labor
The division of labor often, in some way or another, reflects the evolutionary sex ratio of a species. This is especially true in S. quadripunctata, where worker bees can outnumber queens by about one thousand to one (1000:1).
The main purpose of the colonial queen, or gyne, is to lay eggs within the brood cells housed in the combs. They also play a vital role in the establishment of new colonies. Using their attractive senses, queen bees are able to lead a swarm of workers and the occasional dwarf queen to new locations. Until fairly recently, it was hypothesized that these dwarf, or miniature, queens were the result of developmental mistakes. However, through Tom Wenseleers' "Caste Conflict Hypothesis," it is believed that dwarf queens are evolutionarily advantageous in that they develop in order to avoid becoming a worker bee. Their role was found to become the head of a colony in the absence of viable, full-sized queens.
The roles of the worker bee in S. quadripunctata include the maintenance and protection of larvae (queen, dwarf, or worker) placed within the brood cells. They are responsible for delivering nutrients to the developing larvae until they hatch. Worker bees are also responsible for accompanying the establishments of new colonies by a queen.
Reproduction and reproductive suppression
Unlike typical honeybees, which practice multiple mating, stingless bees have been suspected of single mating between drones and queen bees. This, along with the consequential pairing of the high relatedness rates within colonies of S. quadripunctata, serves to explain the high degree of kin selection among stingless bees.
After a female queen mates and lays her brood, the worker bees package them into specifically designed cells – queens in larger “royal” cells and workers and dwarf queens in smaller ones. Each cell is then capped with a layer of wax-like substance. With the queen’s role in production complete, the combs are left to the tending of worker bees, which distribute nutrients and vital resources to the growing larvae. With so much control, worker bees occasionally discriminate or display reproductive suppression tendencies against dwarf queens by either uncapping the cell before the dwarf hatches, halting the supply of nutrients, or killing the newly developed individual upon emergence of the cell.
Communication
A major strength of any eusocial insect is the ability to communicate amongst one another. Often, this method of communication comes in the form of chemical signals between members of the same colony. In particular, cuticular hydrocarbon levels are thought to be of great importance to S. quadripunctata communication and can vary greatly according to age, sex and caste.
Hydrocarbons in the stingless bee can vary in length from nonadecane with nineteen carbons to tritriacontane with thirty-three carbons, as discovered in a study conducted by Nunes et al. (2009). It was found that cuticles of older worker bees contained higher concentrations of heptacosene (C27) and hentriacontene (C31) than younger workers and virgin queens, indicating that these hydrocarbons play an important role in nest mate recognition. It was also found that younger stingless bees lacked some of the major hydrocarbons found in older individuals, most likely due a result of less exposure to the wax present in the nest. The relative concentrations of hydrocarbons in members of a colony differed between unrelated sites, alluding to the hypothesis that the wax of each nest contains a unique chemical blend from which the developing larvae absorb.
Navigation
Along with, and often closely related to, communication, effective navigation within an environment is vital to the successful reproduction of eusocial insects. Although some organisms’ methods of navigation seem quite apparent (i.e. through modes of sight and scent) the navigational system of Schwarziana quadripunctata had remained elusive until quite recently. It has been determined that S. quadripunctata navigates, like many other bees, through the use of magnetoreception – utilizing magnetic fields in the atmosphere to recognize differences in location, altitude and directionality.
This notion of magnetic navigational skills was first observed in a 2005 study conducted by Esquivel et al. on a S. quadripunctata nest near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study applied various levels of applied magnetic fields across the entrance of the nest. The exiting angles (both vertical and horizontal) of the individual bees were then measured as they emerged from the nest. The primary control experiment confirmed that the majority of the nest had a preferential exiting angle in accordance with the local geomagnetic field. Over the course of four months, the study group measured the two angles in comparison to various magnitudes of applied magnetic fields and compared them to observed angles in natural geomagnetic fields. A significant correlation was found between the two, definitively showing that the stingless bee relies on magnetoreception for navigational purposes.
A similar 2005 study by Lucano et al. observed the same nest of Schwarziana quadripunctata to determine the location of the bodily magnetoreceptors. After separating the head, thorax, abdomen and antennae of a dozen stingless bees, magnetic fields were applied to each body part. It was found that the head, thorax, and abdomen present a diamagnetic contribution (inducing a magnetic field opposite to the applied field), while the antennae displayed a paramagnetic one (inducing a magnetic field in the same direction as the applied field). The antennae of the stingless bee, therefore, exist as a complex sensory organ used for orientation and navigation through the combined use of thousands of hair-shaped sensilla.
Mating behavior
Like most eusocial insects, S. quadripunctata reproduction relies heavily on the established hierarchy and level of environmental quality. Usually, the physogastric queen lays the majority of the eggs. However, the miniature (or dwarf) queens may also lay fertile eggs, although they tend to be fewer in number and smaller in size.
As multiple virgin queens approach the age of reproductive success, they begin to accumulate the reddish-brown pigmentation associated with adult members. At this time, male workers will begin individually courting them on the layers of wax on the comb or on the comb itself. Courting occurs in the form of buccal contact between the males and females through a lateral hole in the thorax of the female. Some virgin queens will begin manipulating the cerumen (wax) layers in preparation for the construction of brood cells by the workers. If the physogastric queen deems a virgin queen is too much of a sexual threat, it may be imprisoned in a specialized cell in groups of one to five along with one or two worker bees. This is done in order to limit interference to the cell provisioning and oviposition processes of the physogastric queen.
Future queen eggs are positioned near the periphery of the comb in larger, specialized cells while workers and dwarf queens (in a ratio of about 1000 to 6, respectively) are randomly placed about the interior in smaller brood cells. The eggs are cared for by the workers.
Kin selection
Genetic relatedness within colonies
Since S. quadripunctata reproduction typically relies on a single queen, genetic relatedness within individual colonies is expected to be relatively high. In an analyzation of the genetic relatedness within four separate colonies with an average of eight different worker genotypes per colony, an average relatedness of .792 was found among worker bees within each colony. This value has been replicated in several studies, including one conducted by Toth et al. (2001) among eighteen colonies in Brazil (relatedness value = 0.75 ± 0.04 among worker bees). In the same study, males (being haploid) had a relatedness value of 1.0 to queens, while workers only shared approximately fifty percent (50%) of the queen’s genes (relatedness value = 0.48). Relatedness between workers and males were also about half (relatedness value = 0.51). The data was collected and calculated on the evaluation of seven polymorphic microsatellite loci, each with several attributable alleles.
Kin selection and discrimination
Kin recognition often goes hand in hand with communication. For instance, researchers compared the relative amounts of various hydrocarbon compounds present in the epicuticles, serving as a chemical odor to other individuals, of S. quadripunctata. The study showed that a diverse array of these chemicals were present in each member. They then charted these hydrocarbon differences and found a distinct separation according to colony location, age, sex, and hierarchal position. In particular, older workers, which are in charge of colony protection, had higher concentrations of the alkenes heptacosene and hentriacontene. It was thus deduced that these alkenes were vital parts of kin recognition. Some of these essential hydrocarbons were also found to be lacking in younger individuals, alluding to the idea that the chemicals are acquired as the exposure to the waxy comb, specific to each colony, increases.
One case sought to further test the importance of hydrocarbon concentration. In a group of related worker bees, half were injected with an alien alkene. Aggressive behaviors towards these individuals by the non-injected worker bees increased significantly. They were unable to be recognized by their unique odor and were subsequently treated as intruders.
The recognition of various odors associated with hydrocarbon concentrations is also responsible for the ability of worker bees to determine the location of their home nest.
Worker-queen conflict
Many stingless bee colonies, those of S. quadripunctata included, are repopulated by a single queen who mates. This should, in theory, create a conflicting rift between queens and the worker bees due to variations in genetic relatedness. Queens produce haploid males that are genetically identical to them. In contrast, workers only share fifty percent (50%) of their genes with males, leading to an evolutionary conflict of interest. However, worker bees were not observed to increase their aggressive behaviors towards newly reproduced males.
A few possible explanations arose from the study in an attempt to explain this lack of aggression. One hypothesis couples the production of males in a stingless bee society with an increase in food reproduction. In this case, the benefit of a stable diet would overcome the workers’ desire to produce females. Another possibility is that aggression is beneficial no matter the sex being produced. The aggression between workers and queens may just be residual left over from a past evolutionary benefit.
Queen-queen conflict
More distinctive to the intra-communal dynamics of the Schwarziana quadripunctata nest is the existence of multiple statuses of queen – the physogastric queen (those that are larger in size and more involved in reproduction) and multiple dwarf queens. The number of these dwarf queens varies in accordance to resource availability, colony conditions, and the physical state of the current physogastric queen. However, the dwarf queens are typically produced year round, with several hatching simultaneously.
Mate attractiveness to the newly born queens coincides with pigmentation. The more brightly colored queens were more likely to lay more eggs than their paler counterparts. As the newborn queens begin to age, pigmentation increased as well as the number of courtships from male stingless bees. In the case of an encounter between the physogastric queen and the newborn “virgin” queens, the larger queen may initiate buccal contact with the smaller queen. A rapidly growing virgin queen may incite her own imprisonment in specialized prison chambers. In one case, an abnormally large and pigmented virgin queen became overly agitated in her prison cell. The release of this queen prompted the interruption of brood cell construction, though the physogastric queen maintained her normal routine. Within a couple days, the virgin queen was found dead and was being carried off by workers.
The defining aspect of queen-queen conflict appears to rely heavily on size differentiation. The dominant queen can reach sizes over three times larger than that of the dwarf queens. However, multiple queen production serves a vital role in the survival of the colony, ensuring that, should one queen unexpectedly succumb to injury or illness, another one is readily available to take its place in maintaining the nest.
Diet
The subtropical environment of the South American Amazon provides a vast array of dietary options for a stingless bee such as S. quadripunctata. With such a densely populated niche of pollinating insects, it remains of utmost importance to balance competition and resource acquisition. It is often adverse weather conditions, rather than complete depletion of pollen and nectar from the resource, that terminate the length of harvesting by the stingless bees.
In total, S. quadripunctata utilizes over 35 different species of flowering plants. Many of these produce a large quantity of flower material, limiting interspecies and intraspecies competition. Over ten percent (10%) of their diet comes from the species Casearia sylvestris (called guaçatonga) and Myrcia tomentosa (commonly referred to as goiaba-brava) alone. Other popular flowering plants comprising their diet include Mikania catharinensis, Piptocarpha oblonga (or braço-do-rei in Brazil), and Cordia trichoclada.
Defense
The entrance to a stingless bee nest serves as a particularly vulnerable area. It serves as the threshold that separates the viability of the species from the outside world. The size of the entryway is critical. It must remain large enough to allow the easy to-and-fro passage of the bee, yet small enough to dissuade potential predators (such as orb spiders) from causing havoc inside the nest. Evolutionarily, a size compromise must be reached.
The nest entrance of Schwarziana quadripunctata consists of a simple, round opening. This is a distinct comparison to the complex entryways consisting of layered entrances or closable doorways observed in some other related species. Through the observation and measurement of several S. quadripunctata nests near São Paulo, Brazil, entrances were discovered to have an average area of . In comparison to the average stingless bee having a body area of , this gives a ratio of 6.8 opening to bee. This smaller entrance provides more than enough space for the relatively low enter and exit traffic of 17.4 individuals per minute.
Schwarziana quadripunctata appears to rely heavily on the small entryway size as their main source of defense. Although three to five guards are typically seen guarding the entryway, they act in a fairly non-aggressive manner (dipping inside the inner entrance) when presented with an intruder. It is speculated they may act as an alarm for the rest of the nest rather than an attack force.
References
Meliponini
Hymenoptera of South America
Hymenoptera of Brazil
Insects described in 1836 |
The GSh-18 (Cyrillic: ГШ-18) is a 9 mm semi-automatic pistol developed by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau in Tula during the 1990s. The pistol's name is derived from its designers—Gryazev and Shipunov—and its magazine capacity of 18 rounds.
History
The GSh-18 entered service in 2000 with the Russian Ministry of Justice. It was only in 2003 that the pistol was widely adopted under Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 166.
Design details
The GSh-18 is a rotating-barrel, short recoil, locked-breech pistol with 10 locking lugs spaced equally around the barrel, the large locking surface area resulting in a strong lockup, making it suitable for high-velocity ammunition loads. The GSh-18 may be employed using standard 9×19mm Parabellum rounds, but was designed for the high velocity, Russian armour-piercing 9×19mm 7N31 round. The pistol incorporates a pre-set striker. The slide and working parts are steel, and the weapon has a polymer frame.
Two different designs of grip have been observed. The magazine capacity is 18 rounds, and an additional round may be carried in the chamber. The magazine release is reversible for left-handed shooters and the ejector doubles as a loaded chamber indicator. The magazines are a double stack, double feed design common to Russian military handguns.
Ammunition
The GSh-18 is designed to fire standard 9×19mm Parabellum as well as the Russian 9×19mm 7N21 (Cyrillic: 7Н21) and 7N31 (Cyrillic: 7Н31) +P+ armor-piercing rounds. The 7N31, has demonstrated penetration of 8 mm of steel (15–20 meters of distance).
Variants
GSh-18 (GRAU index 6P54)
GSh-18 Tactical with Picatinny rail, a new receiver and an ability to install a silencer, which was officially revealed in 2012.
GSh-18S «Sport» (ГШ-18С «Спорт») – civilian version with modified trigger and firing pin and 10-round detachable box magazine
GSh-18 «Sport 2» (ГШ-18 «Спорт 2») – civilian version with modified trigger and 18-round detachable box magazine
GSh-18T (ГШ-18Т) – Non-lethal version using MP-80-13т .45 rubber bullets.
Users
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Internal Troops
Ministry of Justice
Ministry of Internal Affairs
Law enforcement in Russia
Syrian Armed Forces
Law enforcement in Syria
See also
MR-443 Grach (PYa)
Lebedev pistol
References
Sources
Михаил Дегтярев. Правнук «Токарева» // журнал «Калашников. Оружие. Боеприпасы. Снаряжение», No. 1, 2001 г. стр.10-18
9-миллиметровый пистолет ГШ-18 // журнал «Солдат удачи», No. 5 (80), 2001. стр.24-25
9х19 мм пистолет ГШ-18. Руководство по эксплуатации
External links
KBP Instrument Design Bureau—official site
9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
Semi-automatic pistols of Russia
KBP Instrument Design Bureau products |
The Wyre Estuary Ferry (colloquially known as the Fleetwood-to-Knott End Ferry) is a ferry crossing owned and operated by Wyre Marine Services in Fleetwood, Lancashire, England. The crossing of the River Wyre, which is funded by Lancashire County Council and Wyre Borough Council, takes around five minutes to complete. By road, the journey between the two points is , which takes around thirty-five minutes.
The ferry operates daily between 7:45 AM and 5:45 PM, and can carry up to thirty-five passengers. No motorised vehicles are permitted. The current ferry is the 34-seat Wyre Rose.
The crossing was established in 1841 by the Croft family, who operated it until 1893, when the Ferry Committee of the Improvement Act District of Fleetwood took it over. They leased the management of it to Newsham and Myerscroft. A steam service followed in 1894, with the Nelson.
The Croft family regained ownership in 1895, and remained in charge until 1898. During this period, a new landing stage was built at Knott End in 1897 to accommodate a new ferry, the Onward, which could carry 120 passengers.
The Crofts tendered to retain control of the service in 1898, but the council opted to run its own vessels. The Onward, Quail and Nymph were purchased from the family, members of which were appointed to various roles, from ferry manager to general assistants.
In 1901, the Bourne May was added to the ferry fleet, followed by the Wyresdale in 1925. The Wyresdale remained the primary ferry for the next thirty years or so, with the smaller Pilling providing assistance during off-peak times.
In 1905, around 10,000 passengers used the ferry in a single day, a record for the service.
The Lunevale was brought in during 1935, followed six years later by the Caldervale, which replaced the Pilling.
In 1966, the Viking 66 was brought into service, with the council chartering local vessels at times of its unavailability. The Wyre Lady, which had formerly serviced the River Clyde, assisted for a short time, before taking over on its own by around 1985.
The Wyre Lady was succeeded by the Wonder in 1995, then by the Wyre Princess and the Harvester.
The service was suspended between 2001 and 2003 and operated sporadically for much of the early part of the 21st century. It was reinstated on a full-time basis by Lancashire County Council in April 2006. They tendered the contract to Wyre Marine Services, at which point the service was renamed the "Wyre Estuary Ferry". The Wyre Rose is the current vessel used.
As of 2022, around 30,000 passengers use the ferry annually.
References
Ferries of England
Fleetwood |
```rust
// This is a separate test program because it has to start a JVM with a specific option.
#![cfg(feature = "invocation")]
use std::borrow::Cow;
use jni::{objects::JString, InitArgsBuilder, JavaVM};
#[test]
fn invocation_character_encoding() {
let jvm_args = InitArgsBuilder::new()
.version(jni::JNIVersion::V1_8)
.option("-Xcheck:jni")
// U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE is the only non-ASCII character that's present in all parts of
// ISO 8859. This minimizes the chance of this test failing as a result of the character
// not being present in the platform default character encoding. This test will still fail
// on platforms where the default character encoding cannot represent a no-break space,
// such as GBK.
.option("-Dnbsp=\u{00a0}")
.build()
.unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{:#?}", e));
let jvm = JavaVM::new(jvm_args).unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{:#?}", e));
let mut env = jvm.attach_current_thread().unwrap();
let prop_name = env.new_string("nbsp").unwrap();
let prop_value: JString = env
.call_static_method(
"java/lang/System",
"getProperty",
"(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
&[(&prop_name).into()],
)
.unwrap()
.l()
.unwrap()
.into();
let prop_value_str = env.get_string(&prop_value).unwrap();
let prop_value_str: Cow<str> = prop_value_str.to_str();
assert_eq!("\u{00a0}", prop_value_str);
}
``` |
Lothar Mendes (19 May 1894 – 24 February 1974) was a German-born screenwriter and film director. His two best known films are Jew Süss (1934) and The Man Who Could Work Miracles (1936), both productions for British studios.
Career
Born in Berlin, Mendes began his career as an actor in Vienna and Berlin in Max Reinhardt's company. After directing his first two films in Berlin, he settled in the United States in the early 1920s and remained there until 1933, directing more than a dozen features, mostly frothy comedies, while under contract to Paramount. His films included the last silent film made in the USA, The Four Feathers (1929), and the murder mystery Payment Deferred (1933) starring British actor Charles Laughton.
After Adolf Hitler came to power, Mendes, who was Jewish, traveled to Britain to work at Gaumont-British Pictures, directing films with Michael Balcon producing. Under that banner, he directed Jew Süss (1934) starring Conrad Veidt, who had also emigrated from Germany. (Mendes' Jew Suss should not be confused with the later Nazi film of the same title released in 1940 which is a virulently antisemitic film.) Mendes' 1934 film version of Feuchtwanger's novel received strong notices at the time, and was considered an important and early film in exposing the origins of the antisemitism of the new Nazi government; in particular, it was praised by Albert Einstein and the Jewish American leader, Rabbi Stephen Wise, though the film itself did not attract an audience in Depression-era America.
Mendes best-known film, The Man Who Could Work Miracles (1936), is based on the H.G. Wells short story was made for Alexander Korda's London Films, for which Wells co-wrote the adaptation. It features Roland Young and Ralph Richardson,. His last British film was Moonlight Sonata aka The Charmer and starred the piano legend Paderewski as himself; it contains rare performance footage of the legendary pianist, then in exile from his native Nazi-occupied Poland.
After returning to Hollywood in the late 1930s, he directed five more studio films. Mendes co-directed the pro-British International Squadron (1941), starring Ronald Reagan; this was one of several films on the Eagle Squadron of American pilots who volunteered to fly in the Battle of Britain before the US entered the war. His last feature films were based on patriotic World War II themes with such stars as Rosalind Russell as a Navy reconnaissance pilot who must fly one more mission before getting married in Flight for Freedom (1943) and Edward G Robinson as a man who may or may not have married a spy in Tampico (1944).
"A competent, dependable director," commented film historian Larry Langman, "he never achieved the critical success in America that came to some of his compatriots."
Personal life
Mendes' first wife was the actress Eva May, daughter of Mia May and Joe May. From 1926 to 1928, Mendes was married to the British-born silent film actress Dorothy Mackaill. The marriage ended in divorce. In 1935, he married Countess Marguerite de Bosdari (better known as Babe Plunket-Greene), former wife of Count Anthony de Bosdari and of David Plunket Greene.
Mendes retired from films in 1946 and returned to London, where he remained until his death on 24 February 1974 at age 79. He was then living at 54, Embassy House, West End Lane, London NW6.
Partial filmography
The Island of Tears (1923)
Three Cuckoo Clocks (1926)
Prince of Tempters (1926)
Convoy (1927)
A Night of Mystery (1928)
The Street of Sin (1928)
Interference (1928)
The Four Feathers (1929)
Dangerous Curves (1929)
The Marriage Playground (1929)
Paramount on Parade (1930) co-director
Ladies' Man (1931)
Strangers in Love (1932)
Payment Deferred (1932)
If I Had a Million (1932)
Luxury Liner (1933)
Jew Süss (US title: Power)
The Man Who Could Work Miracles (1936)
Moonlight Sonata (1937)
Flight for Freedom (1943)
Tampico (1944)
The Walls Came Tumbling Down (1946)
References
External links
1894 births
1974 deaths
Film people from Berlin
German expatriates in the United States
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom |
The Michigan Department of State is administered by the secretary of state, who is elected on a partisan ballot for a term of four years in gubernatorial elections.
The secretary of state is the third-highest official in the State of Michigan. As the name implies, the officeholder was originally responsible for much of state government, but now the duties are similar to those of the other 46 secretaries of states across the United States. If the governor and lieutenant governor are both absent from the state, or the offices are concurrently vacant for some other reason, the secretary of state serves as acting governor.
In Michigan, the secretary of state is not only responsible for elections, but also oversees vehicle registration and the licensing of automobile drivers, similar to a motor vehicles regulator in other states. The officeholder also oversees and regulates notaries public and is the keeper of the Great Seal of Michigan.
Under state law, the secretary of state must have at least one office in each of Michigan's 83 counties.
The current secretary of state is Jocelyn Benson, a Democrat.
Department organization
Customer Services Administration
The Customer Services Administration (CSA) is divided into the Bureau of Branch Office Services, the Driver and Vehicle Records Division, the Office of Customer Services, the Department of State Information Center, the Program Procedures Section, and the Program Support Section. The Bureau of Branch Office Services operates a network of branch offices providing driver's licensing, vehicle titling and registration, and voter registration services to the citizens of Michigan. The Driver and Vehicle Records Division manages driver and vehicle records maintenance activities. The Office of Customer Services oversees the Renewal-By-Mail and Internet Renewal, as well as the Uniform Commercial Code. The office serves International Registration Plan vehicle owners and Michigan residents who are out of state. The Department of State Information Center is the point of contact for many citizens seeking information about Secretary of State programs and services. The center also oversees driver and vehicle record sales and the distribution of the annual jury listing to Michigan counties.
Department Services Administration
The Department Services Administration (DSA) provides coordination and support to the agency in the areas of administration, finance, technology, project management, human resources, employee development, and occupancy management. The DSA includes the Office of Technology and Project Services, the Office of Human Resources, the Office of Occupancy Services, the Accounting Services Division, the Budget Services Division, and the department's Business Application Modernization initiative.
Legal and Regulatory Services Administration
The Legal and Regulatory Services Administration (LRSA) is divided into the Bureau of Information Security, the Bureau of Regulatory Services, and the Legal Policy and Procedures Section. The LRSA provides research and counsel to the secretary of state on statutes and rules administered.
Election and officeholders
The secretary of state is elected for a four-year term, concurrent with that of the governor. Candidates are nominated at partisan conventions. Under an amendment to the state Constitution which was passed in 1992, the secretary of state is restricted to two four-year terms in that office.
The secretary of state receives the courtesy title of The Honorable for life.
Source:
Michigan Manual 2003-2004, Chapter IV, Former Officials of Michigan
References
Motor vehicle registration agencies |
Canberra White Eagles FC (commonly known simply as White Eagles) is an Australian amateur association football club based in the Woden Valley region of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. Founded in 1992 by the Canberra Serbian community, the club currently competes in the Capital Premier League competition.
History
The Beginning
The club was officially formed in 1992. Previously a number of Serbian teams existed but only for short spells, including the likes of Farrer United, Mawson Serbia and most recently Canberra United which ceased in 1990.
In 1993 the club entered the local league with teams in State League 2 and State League 4, with State 4 being the reserve team. The squads had a good mix of experience, flair, discipline and enthusiasm. Both teams won their respective competitions that season with results such as 9–1 common. The club was successful in gaining promotion to State League 1 and State League 2.
The following year the senior team brought more success to the club winning the State League 1 competition. The blend of youth and experience worked well. The Reserves did not fare as well but nevertheless still had a successful year.
As time passed the playing careers of the senior players ended and together with some unexpected departures the senior team became a junior team overnight. For the next few years both teams could not match the success of the past. However, it was a valuable learning experience as the current success is due largely to the core group of players that battled on with the club during those lean years.
2000
In 2000 club officials hired an Argentine coach and he immediately brought success. This was mainly due to the other players that he attracted to the club such as Gus Cerro (former NSL player). The club again won the competition but due to the ever-changing rules of the governing body the club was denied entry to the ACT Premier League. The team basically fell apart again, apart from that same core group of players that existed previously.
The next couple of years the club walked the tightrope, at times struggling both on and off the field. Thankfully the core group of players remained committed. In 2003 that core group of players reached their pinnacle and won the Grand Final against the odds, particularly so because it was against our fierce rivals. The team came back from 1–0 down to win 2–1, some say the sweetest victory the club has achieved, proving that the core group of once youthful players had come of age.
2004 – Today
In 2004 the team produced the best season ever as they completed the season undefeated, winning both the League title and the Grand Final and thus finally gaining promotion to the Premier League.
Life in the Premier League was always going to be a challenge but not one that the Club was afraid of. In the first year of Premier League football the club surprised many of the well established teams throughout the season. The team finished only a few points away from the top four.
The second season (2006) was strangely, a greater challenge than the first. Several experienced players left the club as they pursued other personal challenges. These players were difficult to replace, particularly for the defence. The club also had to allow for players under the age of 20 as per regulations, so the Premier League team was significantly more inexperienced than the team from the previous season. The team struggled but the season was extremely valuable for the next generation of players.
During 2006 Capital Football undertook a review of the Premier League with a view to restructuring the competition. The competition was dissolved so no clubs remained part of the Premier League. All the Premier League clubs and some Division 1 clubs were invited to apply for the new competition. For clubs to do so they were required to submit a 3-year Business Plan outlining for financial administration and technical development of players.
Unfortunately the Premier League experience ends there as Capital Football moved the goal posts, again. The White Eagles were unsuccessful in retaining their position for the premier league as the Club did not have a sufficient junior base which was one of the requirements that Capital Football initiated.
Club officials quickly moved to rectify the issue by forming a relationship with a junior club. An appeal was submitted to Capital Football addressing the issue but Capital Football, despite acknowledging that the issue had been addressed successfully, still denied the club a place in the Premier League and suggested that the clubs maintain their relationship and be prepared to apply for the Premier League in the future.
Regardless of the setback of Premier League non-acceptance the Club fought on and produced another successful season by winning the 2007 Division 1 Championship, the club's 3rd Championship in 5 years.
The team repeated the feat the following season in 2008 winning yet another all-to-familiar State League 1 title.
They were also Minor Premiers in 2009 where they lost to Cooma in the final and in 2010 before losing the Grand Final to Queanbeyan FC 1–0.
2011 –
The reserve grade side surprised many people and made their first final for quite some time, on the day they were out played by ANU 1–0 but put in a solid performance.
The first team for White Eagles FC won the Minor Premiership in 2011, losing only one game in round 2 of the season to bitter rivals O'Connor knights. The grand final was a one sided affair with the eagles beating ANU 5–1.
Season 2012 saw a new coach take charge, preseason showed some very exciting results with the team beating premier league side Woden Valley 6–1 in the federation cup. The season was a historic one for WEFC, going through undefeated winning the minor premiership and the grand final thanks to a super goal in extra time.
2013 – The team showed their dominance yet again during the season, a classic performance in round 2 beating QBN city 7–0 and wrapping up the title with weeks to spare. The season finished in disappointing fashion with the team being knocked out in the semi-finals, not being a part of the grand final for the first time since being relegated from the premier league.
2014 saw a big transition at the club, a lot of familiar faces chose to test their skills in the premier league and a few retiring from football. It was a tough year that tested the strength and character of the club, with the resources available the team punched above their weight and unfortunately lost the last game of the season which would have delivered yet another title.
2015 the club recruited and many new faces came to the club. It took a while or the team to gel and in the end the team finished a disappointing 4th. The club had a good finals series, beating Tuggeranong 4–0 in the minor semi, than demolishing the minor premiers Monaro 6–0 to earn a spot in the grand final. The final was contested between WEFC and ANU, eagles took the lead towards the end of the first half. Midway through the 2nd half ANU equalised and that was the way it finished up, in the shoot out ANU held their nerve and won the grand final.
2016 was a roller coaster ride for the club, it took a while for the club to finalise their squad and preseason started later than usual. Once the season began things looked great, winning our first 5 with some impressive performances. The first loss was to QBN city 4–2 but we had our revenge 4 days later in the FFA cup beating them in front of a big crowd 5–0. The skinny squad battled injuries and suspensions throughout the year. Finishing in 2nd position behind ANU was a fair reflection of how the season panned out.
2017 Capital League
2017 turned out to be a very disappointing season for the Canberra White Eagles; with the club finishing 5th and failing to make the finals for the first time since stepping back from the premier league; it was perhaps the wake up call the club had needed after falling off the pace in recent history
2018 ACT Capital League
Zoran Milenkovic returned to the head coaching role and the club brought in some new players to help freshen things up. Huss Fureje going from Tigers FC, Nik Noveski coming from Woden Weston and former Joey's player Vuk Vucic. The team came so close to winning the premiership; finishing with 38 points; 1 point behind eventual premiers QBN on 39. The eagles got their revenge on QBN; beating them 3-2 in the major semi final in a classic; Zinelabiddine Eljammoudi scoring a hat trick to send WEFC into the Grand Final. The GF did not turn out how we had hoped; ANU were the better team on the day and took it out convincingly.
2019 Inaugural NP2 Premiers
The Club appointed Graeme Plath as head coach, the first time the club had gone external in over a decade. Plath brought in a wealth of coaching and managerial experience as well as bringing in some new quality players such as Callum Beaton, Caleb Cullen-Rua, Ashley Collins, Tom Hewitt, Daniel Hately and David Kemp.
The Eagles started the season winning their first 5 games. Followed by a 2-2 draw with Queanbeyan and a 0-1 loss to old rivals O'Connor Knights. The team regained momentum winning 5 from their next 6 before dropping points to Queanbeyan again. WEFC had thought they had let the title slip, after a dominating performance away to O'Connor; leading 2-0 with ten minutes to spare the eagles conceded two late goals to draw 2-2 and thus leave the title out of their hands.
The last game of the season saw WEFC win convincingly against Brindabella 6-1 on the clubs Family Day; White eagles needed O'Connor to take points off ANU for them have a chance of winning the title. The news came in that O'Connor had won 2-0 which meant WEFC won the title on goal difference. The first premiership since 2013.
The club had a disappointing finals series that saw WEFC knocked out in the semi-finals; but definitely a solid season and one everyone involved can be proud of
Current squad
Honours
ACT Capital League Premiers and Finals Champions.
NPL2 ACT/Capital Premier LeaguePremiers (7): 1994, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2019
Runner-up (2): 2014, 2016Champions (7): 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012
Runner-up (2): 2010, 2015ACT State League 2.Champions (1): 1993ACT State League 4.Champions (1):''' 1993
Season-by-season results
The below table is updated with the statistics and final results for White Eagles FC following the conclusion of each ACT Capital League season.
Gallery
References
External links
Official Website
Capital Football home
Serbian sports clubs in Australia
Association football clubs established in 1992
Soccer clubs in Canberra
1992 establishments in Australia |
Marie-Alphonse Dain (better known as Alphonse Dain) was a French Hellenist and Byzantinist. He was born 3 April 1896 at Chavignon (Aisne) and died 10 July 1964 in Paris. He was a major figure in the field of Greek codicology and palaeography and a pioneer of modern scholarship on Byzantine military texts.
Career
Dain’s academic studies were initially delayed by his service in the French Air Force during the First World War, which earned him the Croix de Guerre. He attended the École du Louvre (1922-1924), where he was a student of Paul Mazon and Edmond Pottier, and was certified in Letters in 1926. He was successively Greek Assistant (1922), Professor of Greek Letters (1938) and Dean of the Faculty of Letters (1954-1964) of the Institut Catholique de Paris. He was also Lecturer (1932) and Director of Studies (1942) of Greek Palaeography at the École pratique des hautes études. He became a Doctor of Letters in 1946, with a thesis concerning the textual history of Aelian the Tactician. During the Second World War, his active participation in the Resistance earned him the French Médaille de la Résistance. He was an officer of the Légion d'honneur in a military capacity.
Since his youth a member of the Association des Études grecques and the Société des Études latines, he served on the board of these societies and as president in 1949 and 1956. He also joined the Association Guillaume Budé, of which he was Secretary, then Vice-President. As Director of the Collection des Universités de France from 1954 to 1964, he introduced a more rigorous scientific approach to the editing of Greek and Latin texts, which made this series of edition-translations a standard reference collection. He was Executive Secretary of the International Association of Byzantine Studies from 1949 to 1962. He was also Director of the Catalogue of Greek Manuscripts of the Bibliothèque nationale de France and Member of the Conseil supérieur de l'Éducation nationale. In 1962 he was elected membre libre résidant of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres.
Devoting his studies in particular to Greek palaeography and codicology, he is considered one of the founders of the modern disciplines in France. His publications were especially concerned with the textual histories and manuscript transmission of Greek military writers and of Byzantine legal texts. He also published manuals of Ancient Greek language and verse metre.
Selected publications (books)
Les manuscrits d'Onésandros (1930)
Inscriptions grecques du Musée du Louvre. Les textes inédits (1933)
La tradition du texte d'Héron de Byzance (1933)
Léon VI le Sage Problemata (1935)
Inscriptions grecques du musée du Bardo (1936)
La «Tactique» de Nicéphore Ouranos (1937)
Sylloge Tacticorum quæ olim «inedita Leonis tactica» dicebatur (1938)
Anthologie grecque, vol. IV et VII (1938, 1957) (with P. Waltz, A.-M. Desrousseaux and G. Soury)
Le «Corpus perditum» (1939)
La collection florentine des tacticiens grecs (1940)
Leçon sur la stylistique grecque (1941)
L'«Extrait tactique» tiré de Léon VI le Sage (1942)
Naumachica, partim adhuc inedita (1943)
Les «Novelles» de Léon VI le Sage (1944) (with P. Noailles)
Leçon sur la métrique grecque (1944) ;
Histoire du texte d'Élien le Tacticien, des origines à la fin du Moyen Âge (1946)
Les manuscrits (1949)
Les types de phrase en grec (1952)
Grammaire grecque (1952) (with J. de Foucault et P. Poulain)
Le «Philétæros» attribué à Hérodien (1954)
Tragédies de Sophocle, I: Les Trachiniennes, Antigone (1955); II: Ajax, Œdipe Roi, Électre (1958); III: Philoctète, Œdipe à Colone (1960)
Précis de morphologie grecque (1957) (with J. de Foucault et P. Poulain) ;
Traité de métrique grecque (posthumous, 1965)
Le «Poliorcétique » d'Énée le Tacticien (posthumous, 1967)
References
External links
Persée archive
French Byzantinists
French hellenists
Codicologists
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
1896 births
1964 deaths |
```smalltalk
/*
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Klocman.Extensions;
namespace Klocman.Forms.Tools
{
/// <summary>
/// Allows easy acces to FlatStyle and ToolStripRenderMode properties of all child controls.
/// It is possible to switch between System and Standard/ManagerRenderMode with one method call.
/// </summary>
public class WindowStyleController
{
private readonly Form _reference;
private readonly List<Action<bool>> _targets = new();
public WindowStyleController(Form parentForm)
{
_reference = parentForm;
var children = parentForm.GetAllChildren(CanBeChanged).Concat(parentForm.GetComponents().Where(CanBeChanged));
foreach (var item in children)
{
var type = item.GetType();
var property = type.GetProperty("FlatStyle");
if (property != null)
{
_targets.Add(x => property.SetValue(item, x ? FlatStyle.System : FlatStyle.Standard, null));
}
else
{
property = type.GetProperty("RenderMode");
if (property != null)
{
_targets.Add(
x =>
property.SetValue(item,
x ? ToolStripRenderMode.System : ToolStripRenderMode.ManagerRenderMode, null));
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Switch between System (if true) and Standard/ManagerRenderMode (if false);
/// </summary>
/// <param name="useSystemStyle">Use system style for all child controls.</param>
public void SetStyles(bool useSystemStyle)
{
_reference.SuspendLayout();
foreach (var child in _targets)
{
child(useSystemStyle);
}
_reference.ResumeLayout();
}
private static bool CanBeChanged(Component x)
{
var attrib =
x.GetType()
.GetCustomAttributes(typeof (ControlStyleAttribute), true)
.Cast<ControlStyleAttribute>()
.FirstOrDefault();
return attrib == null || attrib.AllowStyleChange;
}
public class ControlStyleAttribute : Attribute
{
public ControlStyleAttribute(bool allowStyleChange)
{
AllowStyleChange = allowStyleChange;
}
public bool AllowStyleChange { get; }
}
}
}
``` |
James Wright (25 March 1874 – 20 August 1961) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1898 and 1905.
Wright was born at Newbold, Leicestershire, the son of Thomas Wright, a coal miner and his wife Elizabeth. In 1881 they were living at Castle Gresley, Derbyshire. Wright made his debut for Derbyshire against Lancashire in the 1898 season when he scored 2 and 1. However in the next match, a Derbyshire victory over Hampshire, he made 53 not out. He played a total of five matches in the 1898 season. He played one more game for the club in the 1905 season.
Wright was a right-hand batsman and played ten innings in six first-class matches with an average of 10.33 and a top score of 53 not out. He bowled nine overs but took no wickets. He was also an occasional wicket-keeper.
Wright died at Sheffield, Yorkshire at the age of 87.
References
1874 births
1961 deaths
Derbyshire cricketers
English cricketers
People from North West Leicestershire District
Cricketers from Leicestershire |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1916, adopted unanimously on March 19, 2010, after recalling resolutions 733 (1992), 1519 (2003), 1558 (2004), 1587 (2004), 1630 (2005), 1676 (2006), 1724 (2006), 1744 (2007), 1766 (2007), 1772 (2007), 1801 (2008), 1811 (2008), 1844 (2008), 1853 (2008), 1862 (2009), 1894 (2009) and 1907 (2009), the Council extended the term of the Monitoring Group for 12 months and expanded its mandate to include the monitoring of the arms embargo on Eritrea in addition to Somalia.
Observations
The Council recalled that the arms embargo on Somalia does not apply to weapons or military equipment destined for the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) or for assistance provided to develop security sector institutions in the absence of a negative decision by the Committee established in Resolution 751 (1992). The sovereignty and territorial integrity of Djibouti, Eritirea and Somalia was reaffirmed, as was the Djibouti Peace Agreement as a basis for a solution to the conflict. Concern was expressed at acts of intimidation against the Monitoring Group in interference in its work, and flows of weapons and ammunition supplies to and through Somalia and Eritrea in violations of the arms embargoes imposed in resolutions 733 and 1907 respectively were condemned as potential threats to international peace and security. All Member States were urged to refrain from any action in violation of the resolutions and that violators would be held accountable. The Council determined that the situation in Somalia, Eritrea's actions undermining peace and reconciliation in Somalia, as well as the dispute between Djibouti and Eritrea, continue to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region.
Acts
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council stressed that all countries should comply with the provisions of the arms embargoes against Eritrea and Somalia, reiterating its intention to consider further measures to improve the implementation and ensure compliance with the provisions. The importance of humanitarian aid operations was underscored, while the politicisation, misuse, and misappropriation of humanitarian assistance by armed groups was condemned, requesting states and United Nations agencies to put an end to such practices.
The Council then decided to ease some restrictions and obligations under the international sanctions regime to enable the delivery of supplies and technical assistance by international, regional and subregional organisations and to ensure the delivery of urgently needed humanitarian assistance, reviewing the effects of the provision every 120 days. In this regard, the United Nations Humanitarian Aid Coordinator for Somalia was requested to report every 120 days on the implementation of this provision. The mandate of the Monitoring Group was then expanded as follows:
(a) to continue tasks set out in previous resolutions;
(b) to investigate activities that provided revenues used to violate the arms embargoes against Eritrea and Somalia;
(c) to investigate the use of transport, routes, seaports, airports and other facilities in connection with violations of the arms embargoes;
(d) to continue collecting information relating to individuals and entities engaged in the above acts and present to the Committee for further possible measures by the Council;
(e) to make recommendations based on its investigations;
(f) to co-operate closely with the Committee on specific recommendations for additional measures to ensure compliance with the arms embargoes;
(g) to identify areas where the capacities of states in the region could be strengthened to improve facilitation of the implementation of the arms embargoes;
(h) to provide a midterm briefing to the Council via the Committee and report monthly on progress;
(i) to submit a final report 15 days before the termination of the mandate of the Monitoring Group.
Meanwhile, the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was requested to secure financial arrangements to support the Monitoring Group. The Committee was required to make recommendations based on the reports of the Monitoring Group to ensure improved compliance with the arms embargoes and resolutions imposed by the Security Council on Somalia and Eritrea. All states in the region, including Eritrea and the Transitional Federal Government in Somalia were urged to co-operate with the Monitoring Group, allowing unimpeded access in order to complete its mandate.
See also
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1901 to 2000 (2009–2011)
Somali Civil War
Somali Civil War (2009–present)
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
1916
2010 in Somalia
2010 in Eritrea
United Nations Security Council sanctions regimes
1916
1916
1916
March 2010 events |
Sonnpark is an alpine training centre and base set up in Axams, near Innsbruck, Austria. It started in 1993 as a joint venture between the Australian and Austrian Olympic Committees for both summer and winter sports. Colin Hickey said about Sonnpark "Yeah. It's great ... With that sort of back-up, we'd have given [the Europeans] a run for their money." Australia sold the base in 2002.Gordon (2003), p. 278.
Notes
References
Australia at the Winter Olympics
Sports venues completed in 1993
Sports venues in Tyrol (state) |
Special Delivery () is a 1978 animated short film made at the National Film Board of Canada which won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film as well as first prize at Animafest Zagreb. It was directed by Eunice Macaulay and John Weldon. An English and a French-language version were released.
Plot
After Ralph dismisses his wife's orders to clear the snow from the front walk before he went out for the day, he finds his regular mailman dead on his front stairs, having slipped on the ice and broken his neck. Fearing police investigations and potential wrongful death lawsuits from the letter carriers' union amongst other things, Ralph must go to great lengths to cover up the mailman's death while his wife comes to terms with her past.
Production
The film had a budget of $35,065 ().
References
Works cited
External links
Watch Special Delivery at NFB Web site
1978 films
1978 animated films
1970s animated short films
Best Animated Short Academy Award winners
Canadian animated short films
Films directed by John Weldon
National Film Board of Canada animated short films
Quebec films
1970s English-language films
1970s Canadian films |
Omer Curtis Newsome (May 20, 1900 – September 12, 1933) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1920s.
A native of Indianapolis, Indiana, Newsome made his Negro leagues debut in 1923 with the Indianapolis ABCs. He went on to play for the Washington Potomacs, Detroit Stars, and Dayton Marcos, and finished his career in 1929 with the Memphis Red Sox. Newsome died in Dayton, Ohio in 1933 at age 33.
References
External links
and Seamheads
1900 births
1933 deaths
Dayton Marcos players
Detroit Stars players
Indianapolis ABCs players
Memphis Red Sox players
Washington Potomacs players
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Baseball pitchers |
The 1947 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the fortieth season of Sydney’s top-level rugby league competition, Australia’s first. For the first time, the number of clubs in the league reached double digits due to the admission of Manly-Warringah and Parramatta to the first grade competition. The season culminated in a grand final between the Balmain and Canterbury-Bankstown clubs.
Season summary
Midway through the season the Balmain club looked out of touch winning only six of their first twelve games. Five consecutive wins to end the regular season left them in position to make a finals assault. Balmain’s Bob Lulham set a new record for the highest number of tries by a player in a debut season with a tally of 28 tries in eighteen matches. This remains that club’s record for tries in a season.
Teams
The addition of two teams, Manly-Warringah and Parramatta, saw ten teams from across the city contest during the 1947 premiership, the first expansion of the League since Canterbury-Bankstown’s introduction in 1935. Manly had been competing for a number of years in the NSWRFL's President's Cup (3rd grade) competition and had been assured by the league of first grade status should they win the Presidents Cup, which they finally did in 1946. After Cumberland’s demise from the league, pressure began to build in the area for another team in the NSWRFL in the 1930s, though this died down during World War II and a Parramatta district club was not proposed again until 1946 when the club was successfully admitted into the Premiership.
Balmain, formed on January 23, 1908, at Balmain Town Hall
Canterbury-Bankstown, formed on September 25, 1934
Eastern Suburbs, formed on January 24, 1908, at Paddington Town Hall
Manly-Warringah admitted in 1947
Newtown, formed on January 14, 1908
North Sydney, formed on February 7, 1908
Parramatta, formed in November 1946
South Sydney, formed on January 17, 1908, at Redfern Town Hall
St. George, formed on November 8, 1920, at Kogarah School of Arts
Western Suburbs, formed on February 4, 1908
Ladder
Finals
Grand final
The Tigers had strung together seven consecutive wins including a preliminary final victory over minor premiers Canterbury in their attempt at a second straight premiership. Canterbury exercised their “right of challenge” after losing the final and called for a Grand Final decider.
The formidable Canterbury front row of Eddie Burns, Roy Kirkaldy and Henry Porter were combining in their tenth season for over one hundred and fifty appearances as a scrum front trio. They led a punishing Berries defence and gave their side a better-than-even chance of possession in the scrum contests.
Balmain’s star international centre and Kangaroo captain Joe Jorgenson had played and coached on a country contract in Junee in 1947 but returned to the Tigers reserve-grade in time for the semifinals. The Grand Final marked his sole first-grade appearance of the season. Balmain’s Test five-eighth Pat Devery was the nominated match kicker but after several misses he passed over to Jorgenson who kicked three penalties to keep Balmain in the game and trailing 9–6 with ten minutes to go.
Then Jorgenson crashed over for a try under the posts and after receiving medical attention he converted his own goal to give the Tigers an 11–9 lead. A final 45-yard penalty goal then sealed the match for the Tigers at 13–9 with Jorgenson scoring all of Balmain’s points and being chaired victorious from the field.
Balmain 13 (Tries: Jorgenson. Goals: Jorgenson 5 )
defeated
Canterbury-Bankstown 9 (Tries: Hasson. Goals: Johnson 2, Hasson)
Player statistics
The following statistics are as of the conclusion of Round 18.
Top 5 point scorers
Top 5 try scorers
Top 5 goal scorers
References
External links
Rugby League Tables - Notes AFL Tables
Rugby League Tables - Season 1947 AFL Tables
Premiership History and Statistics RL1908
Finals lineups and results Hunterlink site
Balmain Official History Tigers History Site
Whiticker, Alan(2004) Captaining the Kangaroos, New Holland, Sydney
Results:1941-1950 at rabbitohs.com.au
1947 Labor Daily Cup at rleague.com
1947 NSWRFL season at rugbyleagueproject.org
New South Wales Rugby League premiership
Nswrfl season |
This is a list of monuments and sites that are classified or inventoried by the Moroccan ministry of culture around Figuig.
Monuments and sites in Figuig
|}
References
Figuig
Figuig Province |
Clifden (, meaning "stepping stones") is a coastal town in County Galway, Ireland, in the region of Connemara, located on the Owenglin River where it flows into Clifden Bay. As the largest town in the region, it is often referred to as "the Capital of Connemara". Frequented by tourists, Clifden is linked to Galway city by the N59.
History
19th century
The town was founded at the start of the 19th century by John D'Arcy (1785–1839) who lived in Clifden Castle (built around 1818, now a ruin) west of Clifden. He had inherited the estate in 1804 when it was mostly inhabited by fishermen and farmers. The idea of establishing a town on the coast was first voiced by him in 1812. Bad communications and a lack of private capital prevented fast progress until the 1820s when the potato crop failed in 1821–22 and D'Arcy petitioned the government in Dublin for assistance. The engineer Alexander Nimmo was sent to the area in 1822. He constructed a quay at Clifden (finished in 1831) and started a road to Galway. With these improvements to its infrastructure, the town began to grow.
It prospered until, in 1839, John D'Arcy died. By that time, Clifden had grown from virtually nothing to a town of 185 dwellings, most of them three-floored, two churches, two hotels, three schools, a police barracks, courthouse, a gaol, a distillery and 23 pubs. The population had grown to 1,100 and the town already sported the (as yet unpaved) triangle of streets still visible today. Products that were shipped out from Clifden Harbour included marble, corn, fish and kelp. However, John's son and heir, Hyacinth, lacked his father's abilities and confrontations with his tenants became commonplace. In 1843, Daniel O'Connell held a 'Monster Meeting' at Clifden, attended by a crowd reportedly numbering 100,000, at which he spoke on repeal of the Act of Union.
The town's surging growth and prosperity came to an end when the famine started in 1845. Large numbers of people died, as government help proved insufficient to deal with starvation, scurvy and other diseases. By 1848 90% of the population was on relief (receiving government money). Landlords went bankrupt as rents dried up. Many people emigrated to America. On 18 November 1850, Hyacinth D'Arcy put up his estates for sale and most of them were purchased by Charles and Thomas Eyre of Somerset. Hyacinth pursued a church career and became Rector of Omey and Clifden. Charles Eyre sold his share to his brother, who gave the estates to his nephew (Charles' son) John Joseph in 1864.
From 1848, the evangelical Protestant Irish Church Missions were actively proselytising, seeking to convert Catholics. In 1852, their first mission church was established at Moyard Bridge, Ballinakill, Clifden, also the ICM set up orphanages, Glenowen for girls and Ballyconree for boys (opened in 1849), in Clifden, Ballyconree was burnt down in 1922. The mission in Clifden was supported by Hyacinth D'Arcy, the landlord of Clifden Castle, and, following his bankruptcy, by the Eyre family who bought the estate.
In 1855, Sisters of Mercy from Galway came to Clifden and established St Joseph's Convent, followed by an orphanage and St Joseph's Industrial School in 1858.
Early 20th century
Wireless telegraphy and transatlantic flight
Clifden gained prominence after 1905 when Guglielmo Marconi decided to build his first high power transatlantic long wave wireless telegraphy station four miles (6 km) south of the town to minimize the distance to its sister station in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. The first point-to-point fixed wireless service connecting Europe with North America opened for public service with the transmission of 10,000 words on 17 October 1907. At peak times, up to 200 people were employed by the Clifden wireless station, among them Jack Phillips, who later perished as Chief Radio Operator on the Titanic.
On 15 June 1919 the first non-stop transatlantic flight by Alcock and Brown crashlanded in Derrygimlagh bog, close to Marconi's transatlantic wireless station. When Captain Alcock spotted the green bog he thought it was a meadow where he could safely land his Vickers Vimy biplane. The aircraft's landing gear sank into the soft bog and was destroyed. Alcock and Brown were later transported back to Clifden town by stagecoach with only minor injuries. When they returned using the Marconi Railway, the locals had helped themselves to parts of the aircraft as souvenirs.
War of Independence (1920–1921)
Events that would lead up to the "Burning of Clifden" began on 21 November 1920, Bloody Sunday. On that day, an IRA unit known as The Squad shot a number of British officers and civilians believed to work for military intelligence unit known as the Cairo Gang, killing eleven and wounding four. Later that day, British paramilitaries from the Auxiliary Division opened fire during what was intended to be a routine search for IRA suspects during a Gaelic football match at Croke Park, killing twelve and injuring sixty. Thomas Whelan, born in 1899 in Clifden, was arrested and charged with the Bloody Sunday assassination of British military prosecutor Captain G.T. Bagelly. Although Whelan recognised the court, pled not guilty, introduced witnesses attesting to his presence elsewhere, and maintained that he was not involved in the assassination, he was found guilty and hanged on 14 March 1921. Following its two for one policy that required the killing of two members of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) for every Republican executed, the West Connemara flying column of the IRA fatally shot RIC Constables Charles Reynolds and Thomas Sweeney at Eddie King's Corner on 16 March 1921. In response to the RIC's request for assistance through the Marconi wireless station, a trainload of Black and Tans arrived via the Galway to Clifden railway in the early hours of St Patrick's Day, 17 March 1921, and proceeded to "burn, plunder and murder". They killed one civilian, seriously injured another, burned 14 houses, and damaged several others.
Civil war (1922)
When the Civil War started in June 1922, Connemara was controlled by the Republican Anti-Treaty IRA. In Clifden, the population tolerated the Republicans but did not support them. The Republicans occupied several buildings. In addition, all petrol was confiscated, roads barricaded and made impassable, railway bridges were blown up and telegraph lines cut. Newspapers were forbidden.
The Republicans also burned the buildings they evacuated. In Clifden, the workhouse was burned in July. In addition, on 25 July, the Republicans set fire to the Marconi Station and fired shots at it because they considered the station "a British concern", and because the RIC had used the station to marshall reinforcements in March 1921. Transatlantic wireless service was transferred from Clifden to the more modern Marconi wireless station near Waunfawr, Wales. By one reckoning, the station's closure caused an estimated 1,000 local people to lose their livelihood.
The National Army sent 150 men who, in the night of 14/15 August, marched to town. However, the Republicans retreated and there was only minimal fighting. The National troops were warmly welcomed by the people of Clifden.
The Republicans still controlled the mountains and waged a guerrilla war against the National Army. The Republicans attacked National Army posts and patrols, mainly by sniping, and attacked motor cars. On 13 October, Republicans burned down the Recess Hotel and nearby Glendalough House to prevent the National troops from using them as billets.
On 29 October, the Republicans recaptured Clifden from the around 100 National troops stationed there. The attacking force consisted of around 350 men. They also had with them an "armoured car", called The Queen of the West. This was used to advance towards a defended barracks building. Eventually, the National troops surrendered. However, the Republicans did not occupy the town, which had sustained some damage during the fighting. Communications were once again severed, and the Republicans took up positions around the town.
Finally, on 16 December, the National Army returned to Clifden and the Republicans once again slipped away before their arrival. The townspeople again welcomed the National Army and soon repairs started on bridges and the Galway to Clifden railway line. Soon after, the first train in seven months arrived in Clifden.
Transport
Road
The N59 road from Galway (77 km away) to Westport, County Mayo (64 km) passes through the town.
Regular coach services are provided by Bus Éireann and Citylink, connecting Clifden with Galway city.
Some bus services operate through Oughterard, to the south of Lough Corrib, while others operate via Clonbur / Headford to the north of Lough Corrib.
Rail
Beginning 1 July 1895, Clifden railway station was the western terminus of the Midland Great Western Railway Galway to Clifden line. The line closed in 1935.
Airport
In 1989, a group of Clifden businessmen issued shares for a company and applied for planning permission for a 1,200-metre runway and associated buildings at Ardagh. A group of locals began to campaign against this proposal, later calling themselves "Save Roundstone Bog". Galway County Council refused planning permission for the airport due to feared damage to the natural beauty of the area, and because it was designated an 'Area of International Scientific Importance' (ASI). The 'Clifden Airport Co.' appealed and as a consequence of the legal proceedings, which went all the way to the Supreme Court, ASI designations were found to be unconstitutional. The company later proposed to exchange the site at Ardagh for part of the Marconi site at Derrygimlagh. However, this also failed due to local and nationwide opposition. Eventually, a smaller 600-metre runway was suggested at Cloon near Cleggan. This runway was built in 2008 and the airfield was supposed to be used for flights to Inishbofin. It has been assigned the airport code EICD but by 2012 it had not been opened for traffic.
Economy
Clifden is the main town in Connemara; therefore it is home to a range of services. The HQ for the Connemara Garda Siochana service is in Clifden and the main fire station for Connemara is in Clifden.
There is a public library serving the area which offers material relating to local history. The library hosts an ongoing programme of exhibitions, readings and other cultural events.
There are three supermarkets in Clifden and 13 pubs.
Tourism
Clifden is a tourist destination for people exploring Connemara. Places of interest in and around Clifden include:
Twelve Bens
Connemara National Park
Sky Road: an 11 km drive along Clifden Bay and Streamstown Bay rising more than 150 m above sea level at Slyne Head, with views of the Atlantic, Clifden Castle, coast-guard station, the islands of Inishturk and Turbot and the town.
Derrygimlagh Bog: a natural wilderness of blanket bog 6 km south of Clifden and the site of the Alcock and Brown crash-landing and the Marconi transatlantic wireless station.
Inishbofin
Slyne Head Lighthouse
The Station House includes a hotel, shops, museum, and flats. The Station House was Clifden's railway station from 1 July 1895 to 29 April 1935.
St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church
Events
The Connemara Pony Show is organised by the Connemara Pony Breeders' Society and has been held on the third Thursday in August since 1924. Since 1947 the show has been held in Clifden.
Community Arts Week in late September offers poetry reading, lectures, recitals and traditional music. The festival was first started by teachers in Clifden Community School in 1979 to bring creative arts into the classroom.
During the Omey Island Races, horse racing occurs on the beach.
Religion
Clifden lies within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tuam and the Church of Ireland Diocese of Tuam, Killala and Achonry, and its Omey Union Parish. Clifden has two churches: St. Joseph's (Roman Catholic), completed in 1879, and Christ Church (Church of Ireland), built in 1853, replacing an earlier structure dating to 1810.
Sports
As far as Gaelic games are concerned, Clifden is home to Naomh Feichin's Galway GAA club. Clifden is also home to the Connemara Blacks, a rugby team that draws team members from Connemara.
In literature
James Mylet's debut novel Lex is set in Clifden. In 2011 the British newspaper The Guardian described the novel as being set in "the fictional town of Clifden on Ireland's west coast", leading to at least one letter pointing out the inaccuracy of this statement.
Notable people
John Patrick Riley (c.1817–c.1850), a Clifden native, deserted from the United States Army after experiencing anti-Catholicism in the United States and what he said was "religious persecution" by U.S. officers. Riley became a major in the Mexican Army with the Saint Patrick's Battalion, a unit of about 200 European immigrants and expatriates, many of whom had deserted from the U.S. army during the Mexican–American War. Clifden commemorates Riley with a bronze street sculpture and the town flies the Mexican flag annually on 12 September.
John Bamlet Smallman (1849–1916), an Irish-Canadian businessman, was born in Clifden.
Thomas Whelan (1898–1921), an IRA Volunteer executed by hanging at Mountjoy Gaol during the Irish War of Independence. Now buried as one of The Forgotten Ten at Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin. An ceremony still commemorates Whelan every year in his native Clifden.
Town twinning
Coyoacan, Mexico (2012)
Southwest Ranches, Florida, United States (2006)
See also
List of firsts in aviation
List of towns and villages in Ireland
List of RNLI stations
Ballyconneely
Goulane
Wild Atlantic Way
References
External links
MarconiCalling: Marconi's Radio Station in Clifden
Towns and villages in County Galway
Transatlantic telecommunications |
Ballader och grimascher (English: Ballads and grimaces) is the second studio album by Swedish-Dutch folk singer-songwriter Cornelis Vreeswijk. The album was recorded in Metronome Studio with producer Anders Burman.
Track listing
Music and lyrics by Cornelis Vreeswijk.
"Sportiga Marie"
"Ballad om censuren"
"Esmeralda"
"Ballad om 100 år"
"Horoskopsvisan"
"Lasse Liten blues"
"Jultomten är faktiskt död"
"Tänk om jag hade en sabel"
"Dekadans"
"Grimasch om morgonen"
"Balladen om ett munspel"
"Slusk-blues"
Personnel
Cornelis Vreeswijk - guitar, vocals
Jan Johansson - piano
References
Cornelis Vreeswijk albums
1965 albums
Swedish-language albums |
David Wills (February 3, 1831 – October 25, 1894) was the principal figure in the establishment of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. As a result of his efforts, the Gettysburg Address was given by Abraham Lincoln. Wills was Lincoln's host while in Gettysburg, and the Gettysburg Address was completed in the large upstairs bedroom occupied by the President during his brief stay in the town.
Biography
David Wills was born in Menallen Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania, the son of James Wills, a farmer. He remained on his father's farm until 13 years of age, entering Pennsylvania College (now Gettysburg College) in 1846 from which he graduated with high honors in 1851. He then became a principal of the Academy at Cahaba, Alabama, where he taught one year. In 1853 he entered as a law student in the office of Hon. Thaddeus Stevens at Lancaster and in 1854 he was admitted to the Bar of Pennsylvania.
He opened a law office in Gettysburg in 1853. He was elected Burgess of the Borough of Gettysburg. He was elected the first County Superintendent of Schools of Adams County, and on him devolved the organization of the new school system. He was also elected director of the Bank of Gettysburg in 1854 and served until 1860 when he was succeeded by his father, James Wills, who served until 1867.
He was a trustee of Wilson College, Chambersburg. He was also a trustee of the Dickinson School of Law, Carlisle. He was for more than twenty years a trustee of Pennsylvania College. In 1874 he was appointed President Judge of the 42nd Judicial District composed of Adams and Fulton Counties.
The American Civil War came to the doorstep of the Wills home July 1–3, 1863. During the Confederate occupation of the town, Wills saw "a group of rebels with an ax break open the store door" of one of his tenants. As the battle raged around the town, local citizens huddled in his cellar.
Mr. Wills suggested the idea of the Soldiers' National Cemetery at Gettysburg to Governor Andrew Gregg Curtin immediately after the Battle of Gettysburg. He was appointed the agent of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by Governor Curtin to organize the Soldiers' National Cemetery and looked after its interest. However, rival lawyer David McConaughy had already started purchasing land on Cemetery Hill with the intention of preserving it for the Federal government instead of the commonwealth.
Notably, it was in Wills' house on November 18 that President Lincoln wrote the final draft of the Gettysburg Address. The house renovated and reopened to the public in February 2009.
Family
In 1856, he married Catherine Jane "Jennie" Smyser and by the summer of 1863, the Wills had three children. In all, they had seven children: Catherine, Mary, Annie, Jennie, Emma, David Jr., and James.
References
Further reading
External links
David Wills
Online Lincoln Coloring Book for Teachers and Students
David Wills' House
Hallowed Ground
Main Street Gettysburg
Tour the Wills House
David Wills House (Gettysburg Foundation)
1831 births
1894 deaths
People from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania lawyers
People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
People from Adams County, Pennsylvania
Gettysburg College alumni
Wilson College (Pennsylvania)
Dickinson College
Burials at Evergreen Cemetery (Adams County, Pennsylvania)
19th-century American lawyers |
Penguin Point () is a rock point at the west side of the entrance to Murphy Bay. The point rises to and marks the termination of a granite wall about long. It was discovered and named in 1912 by the eastern coastal party led by Cecil T. Madigan of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-14) under Douglas Mawson.
References
Headlands of George V Land |
T-Platforms was a Russian supercomputer company. Their main competitor was RSC Group.
Founded in 2002, T-Platforms Group was headquartered in Moscow, Russia with regional offices in Hanover, Germany, Hong Kong, China and Taipei, Taiwan. The company has implemented more than 300 integrated projects, six of which were included in the Top500 list of the world’s most powerful supercomputers. T-Platforms owns patents on a number of supercomputer technologies and electronic components. T-Platforms’ solutions are used for fundamental and applied research in various fields of science, including life sciences, physics, chemistry and mathematics, as well as for calculation-intensive tasks in engineering, computer graphics and many other disciplines. In 2011, HPCWire named Vsevolod Opanasenko, CEO of T-Platforms, one of 12 most famous and respected people of the global HPC community.
In November 2011, the 33,072 processor Lomonosov supercomputer in Moscow developed by T-Platforms ranked number 18 in the world, and the fastest in Russia. It placed 3rd in Europe. In October 2012, T-Platforms delivered its first supercomputer in the US to the State University of New York at Stony Brook (SBU).
T-Platforms is part of the plan of the Russian government to focus on larger supercomputers by 2020.
In April 2013, the United States Department of Commerce added T-Platforms to their "list of organizations and individuals acting contrary to the national security or foreign policy interests of the United States", preventing the company from buying computer chips produced anywhere in the world if the factories producing them use American technology. The decision was based on US concerns that T-Platforms work includes "the development of computer systems for military end-users, and the production of computers for nuclear research".
T-Platforms was delisted from the list in December 2013/January 2014, after removal request from the company. On March 31, 2022 the company was once again added to the US Government SDN list in an effort to limit the capacity of Russian Aerospace, Marine and Electronics sectors for the war against Ukraine. In August 2023, the company declared bankruptcy.
See also
Supercomputing in Europe
References
Companies based in Moscow
Companies established in 2002
Russian brands
Supercomputing
Technology companies of Russia |
Paciano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Perugia in the Italian region Umbria, located about 30 km southwest of Perugia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 974 and an area of 16.8 km².
Paciano borders the following municipalities: Castiglione del Lago, Città della Pieve, Panicale, Piegaro. It is a member of the I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") association.
Demographic evolution
References
External links
www.comune.paciano.pg.it/
Article on the Washington Post about olive oil in Paciano
Cities and towns in Umbria
Borghi più belli d'Italia |
The Northern People's Front was a Nigerian political league comprising NEPU and United Middle Belt Congress members.
References
Robin Cohen; Labour and Politics in Nigeria, 1945–71
Defunct political parties in Nigeria |
Diego José Rangel Monge (born 23 June 1978) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a central defender.
Football career
Born in Almendralejo, Province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Rangel began his career with hometown club CF Extremadura. He made his only first-team – and La Liga – appearance on 13 October 1996 by playing the entirety of a 3–0 loss at Real Sociedad in a season that ended in relegation.
Subsequently, Rangel played eleven consecutive seasons in Segunda División B for Real Madrid Castilla, Real Valladolid Promesas, CD Don Benito, CD Logroñés, Mérida UD, Palamós CF, UD Pájara Playas de Jandía, UE Figueres and Girona FC. With the last of those clubs, he won the third-tier title in 2007–08, playing in the 1–0 aggregate final win over AD Ceuta in the playoffs.
Having lost his place with the Catalans in the Segunda División, Rangel moved in February 2010 back to the division below with CF Atlético Ciudad. He moved in the summer to his birthplace's Extremadura UD, and then in July 2011 to UE Llagostera, concluding his career with 306 games and 10 goals in the third division.
Honours
Girona
Segunda División B: 2007–08
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
People from Almendralejo
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Extremadura
Men's association football defenders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
CF Extremadura footballers
Real Madrid Castilla footballers
Real Valladolid Promesas players
CD Don Benito players
CD Logroñés footballers
Mérida UD footballers
Palamós CF footballers
UE Figueres footballers
SD Huesca footballers
Girona FC players
CF Atlético Ciudad players
Extremadura UD footballers
CF Badalona Futur players |
```makefile
NEXMON_CHIP=CHIP_VER_BCM43455
NEXMON_CHIP_NUM=`$(NEXMON_ROOT)/buildtools/scripts/getdefine.sh $(NEXMON_CHIP)`
NEXMON_FW_VERSION=FW_VER_7_45_59_16
NEXMON_FW_VERSION_NUM=`$(NEXMON_ROOT)/buildtools/scripts/getdefine.sh $(NEXMON_FW_VERSION)`
NEXMON_ARCH=armv7-r
RAM_FILE=fw_bcmdhd.bin
RAMSTART=0x198000
RAMSIZE=0xC8000
ROM_FILE=rom.bin
ROMSTART=0x0
ROMSIZE=0xB0000
WLC_UCODE_WRITE_BL_HOOK_ADDR=0x20AC60
HNDRTE_RECLAIM_0_END_PTR=0x19A3A8
HNDRTE_RECLAIM_0_END=0x22C4CC
TEMPLATERAMSTART_PTR=0x21E4B0
PATCHSIZE=0x4000
PATCHSTART=$$(($(HNDRTE_RECLAIM_0_END) - $(PATCHSIZE)))
# original ucode start and size
UCODESTART=0x21E61C
UCODESIZE=0xD5C8
# original template ram start and size
TEMPLATERAMSTART=0x22BBE4
TEMPLATERAMSIZE=0x8E8
FP_DATA_END_PTR=0x1FC840
FP_CONFIG_BASE_PTR_1=0x1FE8C4
FP_CONFIG_END_PTR_1=0x1FE8C0
FP_CONFIG_BASE_PTR_2=0x1FEB48
FP_CONFIG_END_PTR_2=0x1FEB44
FP_CONFIG_SIZE=0xc00
FP_CONFIG_BASE=$$(($(PATCHSTART) - $(FP_CONFIG_SIZE)))
FP_DATA_BASE=0x198800
FP_CONFIG_ORIGBASE=0x199000
FP_CONFIG_ORIGEND=0x199BD0
# required by version.c
VERSION_PTR=0x209AAC
``` |
Clubiona pacifica is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.
References
External links
Clubionidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Spiders described in 1896 |
Mala is a Telugu caste from the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They are also present in smaller numbers in the states of Karnataka and Maharashtra. They are considered as Scheduled Caste (SC) by the Government of India. According to 2001 census data, Malas constituted 41.6 percent (51.39 lakh) of the Scheduled Castes population in the then state of Andhra Pradesh, which also included the present state of Telangana.
History
During the 12th century, Palanati Brahmanaidu, the minister of Palnadu, took Kannamma Dasu, a Mala who valiantly fought and died in the Battle of Palnadu, under his patronage. Subsequently, the descendants of Kannama Dasu were known as Mala Dasulus and were appointed as head priests of the Chennakesava Swamy Temples. Malas are traditional silk weavers as well. Even these sects exists presently in some parts of Andhra Pradesh.
In 1909, Edgar Thurston noted that Malas were originally a tribe of freelance hill warriors and paid mercenaries who raided and looted under the Polygars of Vijayanagara.
In the 19th century, many Malas, especially in coastal Andhra, converted to Lutheranism after the arrival of Christian missionaries.
In 1917, Bhagya Reddy Varma & Aringe Ramaswamy organised Adi-Andhra movement led Malas alongside Madigas to be part of Dravidian ideology. In the census of 1931, about a lot of them mentioned their castes as Adi Andhra and were officially included into the list of Depressed Classes in 1935 Govt. of India Acts and later got carried in 1950 Constitution of India.
With the advent of the Green revolution, Reddys, who had bought up lands from the erstwhile Brahmin landlords. However, the landless Dalits (mainly Malas) and backward classes still faced dire circumstances due to lack of support from various governments. Dalits were unable to obtain land, or quality education. Starting in the 1980s with the political ascendancy of the Reddy communities, Malas and other Dalits became the targets of violence with increasing frequency and brutality. Influenced by Ambedkarite and Marxist thought, the Dalit Mahasabha, with charismatic leaders such as Katti Padma Rao and Bhojja Tarakam sought the annihilation of caste and untouchability through social transformation, very different from the Gandhian ideals of "upliftment." Their demands also included true land reform. A boost to their organization occurred after the brutal Tsundur massacre of 1991, where Reddy’s slaughtered 8 Malas. However, the movement was weakened when Rao sought to enter electoral politics.
Politics
When the Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party won the Uttar Pradesh assembly elections in 1993, it gave hope to Rao that a similar victory could be achieved in Andhra Pradesh. However, because of this, the movement split: with Rao leading a faction favouring political influence and Tarakam leading a separate faction. Rao's dreams were shattered by the assembly elections of 1994, where the TDP promised a slew of populist schemes to counter the mobilization of subaltern castes and won decisively.
Tarakam opposed the 'Madiga Dandora Movement' in 1990s related to categorisation of the Scheduled Caste quota and denied allegations of snatching major share of caste quotas and established 'Mala Mahanadu' to counter its demands. However, the CBN government, sensing an opportunity to divide the Dalits, established a commission which recommended sub-categorization of SC quota. This infuriated the Malas and inexorably divided the Malas and Madigas, so that a united Dalit movement would be less strong than earlier.
Culture
The Mala of Andhra Pradesh are considered a right-hand community, whilst the Madiga of the region are the left-hand.
Distribution
According to Government of India census data from 2001, Malas constituted 41.6 percent (5,139,305) of the Scheduled Castes (SC) population in the then state of Andhra Pradesh, which has subsequently been bifurcated by the creation of Telangana state.
They are also classified as a Scheduled Caste in Karnataka.
Mala Christians
A significant section of the Mala, and almost all in Coastal Andhra, turned to Christianity but after noticing the similar caste politics in the Telugu Catholic church, shifted to Protestantism instead. They are mainly prominent in the Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church (AELC) and Church of South India (CSI).
They made good use of the Christian educational programs, elevating some of their social position and now form part of the lower middle class. These Christian Malas are commonly called Merugumala people, who came from Godavari Krishna basin. They falls under, "Backward Classes -C" category with 1% Reservation at state level and at national level they come under Other Backward Class.
They have been demanding central Government to accord them SC status on par with Dalit Buddhists, Dalit Sikhs and not to discriminate them on religious grounds for being Dalit Christians. The case related to their demand is pending with the Supreme Court of India since 2005.
See also
Madiga
List of Scheduled Castes in Andhra Pradesh
References
Further reading
Dalit communities
Telugu society
Ethnic groups in India
Scheduled Castes of Andhra Pradesh
Scheduled Castes of Karnataka
Scheduled Castes of Telangana
Indian castes
South Indian communities |
Trinity Academy Bradford (formerly Queensbury School and then Queensbury Academy) is an 11–16 mixed, secondary school located in Queensbury (near Bradford) in West Yorkshire, England.
Previously a foundation school administered by City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council, in September 2016 Queensbury School converted to academy status and was renamed Queensbury Academy. It was then sponsored by the Feversham Education Trust. It adopted its present name after becoming part of The Trinity Multi Academy Trust in February 2021.
References
External links
Secondary schools in the City of Bradford
Academies in the City of Bradford |
Kurt Barnes (born 25 May 1981) is an Australian professional golfer.
Barnes was born in Muswellbrook, New South Wales. He had a successful amateur career which included victories in the 2002 Australian Amateur, the 2003 Riversdale Cup, which he won with a record 22 under par total, and the 2003 New Zealand Amateur Stroke Play Championship. He turned professional at the end of 2003 and joined the PGA Tour of Australasia.
In 2009 Barnes became the first Australian to win on the Omega China Tour, when he claimed victory in the Sofitel Zhongshan IGC Open. He went on to head the tour's Order of Merit that season, before winning his place on the Japan Golf Tour by finishing first at the tour's qualifying school.
Amateur wins
2002 New South Wales Medal (tied with Adam Groom), Australian Amateur
2003 Riversdale Cup, New Zealand Amateur Stroke Play Championship
Professional wins (6)
Japan Golf Tour wins (1)
OneAsia Tour wins (1)
*Note: The 2011 SK Telecom Open was shortened to 54 holes due to fog.
1Co-sanctioned by the Korean Tour
Von Nida Tour wins (2)
Omega China Tour wins (1)
2009 Sofitel Zhongshan IGC Open
Other wins (1)
2005 Meriton Sydney Invitational
Results in major championships
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Team appearances
Amateur
Australian Men's Interstate Teams Matches (representing New South Wales): 2002 (winners), 2003
References
External links
Kurt Barnes player profile, Golf Australia
Australian male golfers
Japan Golf Tour golfers
PGA Tour of Australasia golfers
1981 births
Living people
People from Muswellbrook, New South Wales |
Gerda Madvig (April 14, 1868 – September 10, 1940) was a Danish sculptress and painter.
Biography
Gerda Madvig was born Gerda Heyman in Copenhagen to the Jewish-Danish industrialist and etatsråd Philip Wulff Heyman, co-founder of Tuborg Brewery and pioneer of Danish butter and bacon exports, and his wife Hanne Emilie Adler, both Danish Jews with roots in Germany.
Career
Madvig learned to draw with the painter and illustrator Carl Thomsen, and then to model with professor August Saabye, with whom she worked for four to five years. In 1892, she exhibited at the annual Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition her first piece, , and in 1893 . Later, modeled a body-sized figure, called Asra and some busts, among others, one of her sister Jenny, who was married to the painter Georg Seligmann.
Madvig also played music and gave concerts in Paris, where she lived from 1903 until shortly before her death.
Style
Madvig used especially family members as models, but also famous people, both contemporaries, like professor Julius Petersen, and deceased, such as the composer Frédéric Chopin. As a sculptor, she was a naturalist, while her painting was mostly influenced by French Impressionism.
Personal life
She married the painter Charles William Madvig on May 16, 1905, in Paris. They had one daughter, art dealer Edith Madvig Fersing.
Death
Madvig died in Charlottenlund, Denmark, in 1940. She is buried at Hellerup Cemetery.
Works
Sculpture
En kvinde ("A woman", 1892)
Sovende barn ("Sleeping Child", 1893)
Moderen (relief, 1902-03)
Asra (figure)
Dyrestatuetter (bronze)
La vigilance (bronze, ca. 1937)
Kristus (1938)
Statuetter af datteren Edith
Busts
Julius Petersen (plaster, University of Copenhagen )
Jenny Seligmann, born Heyman
Hanne Heyman (marble)
Jens Ferdinand Willumsen (Paris, 1904)
Frédéric Chopin (1933)
Roger Garreau
Charles Madvig
Pierre d'Arquennes (who headed the École Normale de Musique de Paris before Pierre Petit).
Aage Louis Dessau
Paintings
Fiskehavn i Nordfrankrig (exhibited in 1928)
References
Danish Jews
19th-century Danish sculptors
19th-century Danish painters
Burials at Hellerup Cemetery |
Charles Andrew O'Connor, (31 December 1854 – 18 October 1928) was an Irish judge who served as a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1924 to 1925. His judgment in a case of R. (Egan) v. Macready is still influential.
Background and education
Born on 31 December 1854, he was the third son of Charles Andrew O'Connor, solicitor, of Roscommon. His mother Catherine was the daughter of C. G. Smyth. O'Connor was educated at St Stanislaus College and went then to Trinity College Dublin, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1876, and in 1877 was elected Auditor of the College Historical Society. In 1876, he was admitted to the Middle Temple and two years later he was called to the Irish Bar. In 1890, he obtained his Master of Arts.
Judicial career
O'Connor was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1894 and was chosen a bencher after two years. He was appointed First Serjeant in 1907 and became Solicitor-General for Ireland two years later. In 1911, he took over as Attorney-General for Ireland, on which occasion he was sworn of the Privy Council of Ireland. In the following year, he succeeded as Master of the Rolls in Ireland, which he held until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. O'Connor retained the position in the new state for the next two years until its abolition in 1924. Subsequently, he received an appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court of the Irish Free State, retiring after one year in 1925. He was one of only two judges of the old regime who were thought worth retaining by the new Irish Government, which acted on the advice of Hugh Kennedy, the first Chief Justice of Ireland, who believed that O'Connor had demonstrated his integrity and independence of mind in the Egan case (below).
Notable judgments
Although his training had been in Chancery, O'Connor is best remembered for two notable judgments in the field of habeas corpus, both a product of the political turmoil of the period 1919–1923. In R. (Egan) v. Macready he found that the power to declare martial law imposed by the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 did not confer a power to impose the death penalty, and ordered the release of the applicant Egan, who was under sentence of death. When Nevil Macready, the Commander in Chief refused to comply, O'Connor caused a sensation by ordering his attachment for contempt of court. Egan was then released. The judgment was extremely influential, although one crucial finding that there is no limit to the number of habeas corpus applications which can be made by a single applicant has been much debated, and in Ireland itself was modified by the Second Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland.
His judgment in Application of Childers is a striking contrast. Erskine Childers, one of the leaders of the Anti-Treaty side during the Irish Civil War, was captured by Government forces, court-martialled and sentenced to death in November 1922. O'Connor refused to interfere, finding that the formative Irish Free State, unlike General Macready, did have power to establish military courts that could impose the death penalty. He summed up:
While O'Connor was universally regarded as a man of integrity, who would never consciously bend the law, it is possible that his attitude had hardened since Egan; certainly it cannot have helped Childers that his allies had destroyed the Four Courts, a fact to which O'Connor drew attention in stressing the magnitude of the problems which the new Government faced. Childers appealed, but before this could be heard, he was executed three days later.
Family
In 1890, O'Connor married Blanche, the daughter of James Scully. He died in 1928.
Character
Maurice Healy praised O'Connor as "the greatest gentleman at the Irish Bar" and an extremely popular judge, even if he did not fully live up to expectations. O'Connor was modest about his own abilities, noting in Egan that if he differed from colleagues with more experience of criminal law, it was not because he thought himself in any way superior to them. His main personal foible is said by Healy to have been his pride in belonging to the Clan O'Connor and a tendency to bore listeners with its history.
Notes
References
External links
1854 births
1928 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Attorneys-General for Ireland
Irish Queen's Counsel
Members of the Middle Temple
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Solicitors-General for Ireland
Judges of the Supreme Court of Ireland
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Lawyers from County Roscommon
Masters of the Rolls in Ireland
Serjeants-at-law (Ireland)
People educated at St Stanislaus College
19th-century Irish lawyers
20th-century Irish judges |
Nısovyədi is a village in the municipality of Vov in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.
References
Populated places in Lerik District |
J&J Snack Foods Corporation (JJSFC) is an American manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of name brand snack foods and frozen beverages. Headquartered in Pennsauken, NJ, JJSF uses over 175 facilities for manufacturing, warehousing, and distributing located in 44 states, Mexico, and Canada. The company is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market as “JJSFC”, and serves both national and international markets.
JJSFC's portfolio of products includes soft pretzels, frozen beverages, frozen juice treats and desserts, stuffed sandwiches, burritos, churros, fruit pies, funnel cakes, cookies, and bakery goods, and other snack foods and drinks. JJSFC has a total of 25 brands with its principal brands in these product arenas including Superpretzel Soft Pretzels, Pretzel Fillers, Icee, Slush Puppie, Arctic Blast, Pepe Churros, California Churros, Funnel Cake Factory Funnel Cakes, Luigi's Real Italian Ice, Daddy Ray's fruit bars, and Philly Swirl, Whole Fruit, BeneFIT Baked Bars, and Minute Maid frozen novelties.
Since the company's CEO, Gerald B. Shreiber, purchased J & J Soft Pretzel company in 1971, it has seen 44 years of consecutive sales growth. This growth can be attributed to a strategy that emphasizes active development of new and innovative products, penetration into existing market channels and expansion of established products into new markets. The company is structured in three business groups: Food Service, Frozen Beverages, and Retail Supermarket.
History
1970s
In 1971, Gerald Shreiber, a father of three at the time, was shopping for a waterbed for his daughter. Shreiber struck up a conversation with the store's owner who was discussing his investment loss in a soft pretzel company called J&J Soft Pretzel which went bankrupt. On September 27, 1971 Shreiber attended the Camden, New Jersey District Court's bankruptcy auction and purchased J&J Soft Pretzel with a bid of $72,100. The company at the time had 8 employees and $400,000 of sales. In 1972, a West Coast office opened up in Los Angeles, California thus opening the company up to business across the United States. A year later Superpretzel Soft Pretzel was registered as a trademark and becomes the first official brand of JJSF. In 1978 JJSF sought out to expand its presence in the soft pretzel market through the acquisitions of Frampton Corp located in St. Louis, Missouri, and Pretzel Man Corp located in Los Angeles, California. The King-sized pretzel was also introduced and began being sold in food service locations.
1980s
In 1981, Shreiber sought new possibilities for JJSF. He found what he was looking for in a cancelled supply agreement with Whimsy Stores who at the time was selling churros. JJSF acquired some product inventory as a result of this and began the foundation of the churros segment of the company starting the brand Tio Pepe's Churros. A year later, JJSF acquired exclusive rights to the AMF pretzel twister machines making the company a leader in the efficiency of soft pretzel manufacturing. In 1983, the acquisition of Bachman Soft Pretzel Co. added another manufacturing plant to JJSF's list of facilities.
By 1986 JJSF extended its product line to frozen fruit juice bars with the addition of Super Juice and to baked goods with the acquisition of Southern Food Products. Superpretzel entered the grocery store arena for the first time expanding JJSF's business outside the foodservice segment. As sales exceeded, the $25 million mark the company went public, offering 600,000 shares, and traded on NASDAQ as “JJSF”. In the same year, Shreiber was introduced to the frozen beverage industry through a chance meeting with the then-owner of Icee, Omar Knedlik. One year later JJSF acquired Icee-USA, extending its product offering to frozen carbonated beverages. Through the late 1980s JJSF continued its success through a number of acquisitions and technological development. From 1988-1989 JJSF acquired 5 more companies, most notably Luigi's Real Italian Ice and MIA Products Co. The acquisition of MIA Products brought to JJSF their current frozen novelty manufacturing plant. By 1989 Luigi's was successfully introduced to super markets and sales for the entire company reached $86 million.
1990s
In the early 1990s JJSF continued to further develop its soft pretzel line by introducing bite-sized snacks. Superpretzel Soft Pretzel Bites are introduced to food service arenas in 1990 and a partnership with Kraft helped add the cheese-filled soft pretzel brand, Superpretzel Softstix, to grocery store shelves in 1992. Additionally, JJSF renovated their Pennsauken, NJ soft pretzel facility into a 104,000-square foot distribution centre in 1993. The 1990s brought in another stretch of acquisitions for JJSF, further extending the company into new markets and developing its presence in its current markets. In 1994 the company acquired The Funnel Cake Factory making JJSF a dominant force in the fried desserts category. The frozen beverage category was further developed with the 1992 acquisition of Arctic Blast and 1995 acquisition of international rights for the Icee brand. The soft pretzel category grew with the 1994 acquisition of Bavarian Soft Pretzels, Inc., the 1996 acquisitions of Pretzel Gourmet Corp and Bakers Best Snack Food Corp., and the 1997 acquisition of Texas Twist Soft Pretzels. In an effort to extend its frozen novelty category JJSF acquired Mazzone Enterprises, Inc. in 1996 and Mama Tish's International Foods in 1997. The acquisitions of Mrs. Goodcookie in 1998 and Camden Creek Bakery in 1999 extended the company's presence in the baked goods category.
Among these acquisitions, JJSF made its largest acquisition in 1998 of the National Icee Corp. through the Icee-USA subsidiary. At the time, National Icee Corp. had about $40 million in annual sales, distributing mainly to the Eastern USA. The acquisition significantly increased the JJSF frozen beverage category's success, and it continues to be its largest acquisition to date. A year later, JJSF established a long-term partnership with The Minute Maid Company. The partnership provides JJSF with exclusive rights to manufacture, sell, and distribute frozen juice products under the Minute Maid name. This partnership opened JJSF to the development of its frozen novelty category in frozen juice and soft frozen lemonades.
2000s
At the turn of the century, JJSF reached $328 million in annual sales. From 2001 to 2003 JJSF worked to further develop its soft pretzel category with the launch of cheese-filled Pretzel Fillers, the Superpretzel line extension of specialty cheese-filled pretzel sticks Superpretzel Pretzelfils, and a more traditional-tasting Gourmet Twists Topped Soft Pretzels. Throughout the next decade JJSF saw a major increase in development to its in-store bakery category. This was due mainly from the 2001 acquisition of Uptown Bakeries, who makes baked products for Wawa, the 2004 acquisition of Country Home Bakers which supply frozen dough to supermarkets, and the 2008 Jana's Indulgence Cookies acquisition. Additionally, in 2007 JJSF acquired Hom/Ade Foods Inc. and Radar, Inc., introducing Mary B's Biscuits and Daddy Ray's Fig and Fruit Bars respectively to its family of baked goods brands. In 2006 JJSF acquired Icee of Hawaii and Slush Puppie. Slush Puppie introduced JJSF to the non-carbonated beverage arena, making JJSF a leader in the frozen beverage category. Furthermore, JJSF extended its frozen novelty brands with the acquisition of Whole Fruit Sorbet, Fruit-a-Freeze Fruit Bars, and Dogsters Treats for Dogs in 2007. In 2007 the company acquired Daddy Ray's in Moscow Mills, Missouri.
2010s
By 2010, sales for JJSF had surpassed $600 million. In recent years the company has extended its churro product line with the 2010 acquisition of California Churro. A licensing deal with Mondelez International gave JJSF the right to manufacture, market, and distribute churros under the Oreo brand name, branding them as Oreo Churros. In 2011, the company introduced handheld sandwiches and pies to its product line with the acquisition of ConAgra's Frozen Handheld Business. In 2012, JJSF acquired Kim & Scott's Gourmet Pretzel, adding gourmet stuffed soft pretzels to its soft pretzel product line. It also acquired New York Pretzel in 2013.
In 2014, JJSF acquired Philly Famous Water Ice, Inc. otherwise known as PhillySwirl. This introduced the unique line of SwirlStix, Candy Spoonz, Popperz, and Fruit Dips to the JJSF frozen novelty segment. By 2014 JJSF reached $800 million in sales and 25 brands.
2020s
In 2020, the company acquired ICEE-USA, by purchasing remaining shares in a $2.4-million deal.
In May 2022, J&J Snack Foods entered into an agreement to acquire Dippin’ Dots, LLC for $222 million, subject to customary purchase price adjustments. The transaction is expected to close by the end of June 2022.
Products
Soft pretzels
JJSF soft pretzels are sold under many brand names; some of which are: Superpretzel, Pretzelfillers, Pretzelfils, Gourmet Twists, Mr. Twister, Soft Pretzel Bits, Soft Pretzelbuns, Texas Twist, Bavarian Bakery, Superpretzel Bavarian, New York Pretzel, Kim & Scott's Gourmet Pretzels, and Seriously Twisted!; and, to a lesser extent, under private labels. All soft pretzels are sold in the food service and retail Supermarket segments.
Certain soft pretzels qualify under USDA regulations as the nutritional equivalent of bread for purposes of the USDA school lunch program, thereby enabling participating schools to obtain partial reimbursement of the cost of aforementioned soft pretzels from the USDA.
All of JJSF's soft pretzels are manufactured according to a proprietary formula. The soft pretzels, ranging in size from one to ten ounces in weight, are shaped and formed by patented twister machines. These soft pretzel tying machines are automated, high-speed machines for twisting dough into the traditional pretzel shape. Additionally, some soft pretzels are extruded or shaped by hand. Soft pretzels, after processing, are primarily flash-frozen in either raw or baked form and packaged for delivery.
In the food service segment JJSF supplies ovens, mobile merchandisers, display cases, warmers, and similar merchandising equipment to the retailer to prepare and promote the sale of the soft pretzels. Some of this equipment is proprietary, including combination warmer and display cases that reconstitute frozen soft pretzels while displaying them, thus eliminating the need for an oven.
Frozen juice treats and desserts
JJSF's frozen juice treats and desserts are branded primarily under the Luigi's, Whole Fruit, Philly Swirl, Icee and Minute Maid brand names. All of these products are sold in the Food Service and Retail Supermarket segments.
Minute Maid and Whole Fruit frozen juice bars and cups for school food service contain three to four ounces of 100% apple or pineapple juice with no added sugar and 100% of the daily US FDA value of vitamin C. The juice bars are produced in various flavours and are packaged in a sealed push-up paper container referred to as the Milliken M-pak, which is believed to have certain sanitary and safety advantages.
The majority of these products are manufactured from water, sweeteners and fruit juice concentrates in various flavors and packaging including cups, tubes, sticks, M-paks and pints. Some of the products contain ice cream, while Whole Fruit contains pieces of fruit.
Churros
JJSF's churros are sold primarily under the Tio Pepe's, California Churros, and Oreo brand names. These products are sold in the Food Service and Retail Supermarkets segments. Churros are Hispanic pastries in stick form which JJSF produces in several sizes according to a proprietary formula. The churros are deep-fried, frozen, and packaged. At food service point-of-sale outlets, they are reheated and topped with a cinnamon-sugar mixture. Churros also come in fruit and crème-filled varieties. Similar to the soft pretzel equipment program, JJSF supplies all churro merchandising equipment to its food service customers.
Handheld products
JJSF's dough enrobed handheld products are marketed under the Patio, Pillsbury, Supreme Stuffers, and Sweet Stuffers brand names, and under private labels. The handheld products consist of an outer shell of varying dough consistencies anything from burrito shell to pastry/pie shells with a variety of fillings. Handheld products are sold in the Food Service and Retail Supermarket segments.
Bakery products
JJSF's bakery products can be found under the Mrs. Goodcookie, Readi-Bake, Country home, Mary B's, Daddy Ray's, and as of August 2017, Labriola, brand names, and under private labels. Bakery products include primarily biscuits, fig and fruit bars, cookies, breads, rolls, crumb, muffins, and donuts. Products are sold either in raw or pre-baked/thaw-and-serve forms in the food service and retail supermarket segments.
Frozen beverages
JJSF markets frozen beverages primarily under the names Icee, Slush Puppie and Parrot Ice in the United States, Mexico and Canada. Frozen beverages are sold in the Frozen Beverages segment found in food service and retail sectors. Similar to that of the soft pretzel and churro equipment programs, JJSF installs frozen beverage dispensers for its Icee brand at customer locations and thereafter services the machines. JJSF supplies customers with ingredients required for production of the frozen beverages, and supports retail sales efforts with in-store promotions and point-of-sale materials. JJSF also sells frozen non-carbonated beverages under the Slush Puppie and Parrot Ice brands through a distributor network and through its own distribution network. JJSF provides managed service and/or products to approximately 111,000 company-owned and customer-owned dispensers. JJSF also has the rights to market and distribute frozen beverages under the name Icee to the entire continental United States (except for portions of nine states) as well as internationally.
Notable brands
ICEE
SuperPretzel
Dippin' Dots
Slush Puppie
LUIGI’S
Whole Fruit
Dogsters
PhillySwirl
Brauhaus Pretzels
Hola Churros (formally California and Tio Pepe Churros changed 2022)
Country Home Bakers
Daddy Ray’s Fig Bars
Mary B’s Biscuits
The Funnel Cake Factory
Federal Pretzel Baking Company
New York Pretzel
References
External links
J&J Snack Foods Corporate Site
J&J Snack Foods product sites
Tio Pepe's Churros and LA Churros Product Site
SuperPretzel Product Site
Food and drink companies established in 1971
Snack food manufacturers of the United States
Drink companies of the United States
Companies based in Camden County, New Jersey
Pennsauken Township, New Jersey
Food and drink companies based in New Jersey
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
1971 establishments in New Jersey
1980s initial public offerings |
Lakhnewala Halt railway station
() is located in Lakhnewala, Mandi Bahauddin district Pakistan.
See also
List of railway stations in Pakistan
Pakistan Railways
References
External links
Railway stations in Mandi Bahauddin District |
Samuel Morrison may refer to:
Samuel Morrison (taekwondo) (born 1990), Filipino taekwondo practitioner
Samuel C. Morrison Jr. (born 1982), Liberian-born screenwriter, director, producer and journalist
Samuel F. Morrison (born 1936), American librarian
Samuel Morrison (bishop), Chilean bishop
See also
Sam Morrison, American jazz saxophonist
Sunshine Sammy Morrison (1912–1989), American child actor
Samuel Morison (disambiguation) |
```java
/*
*
*/
package io.debezium.testing.system.tools;
import io.fabric8.openshift.client.OpenShiftClient;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
/**
* Base class for Deployers with OCP as target runtime
* @param <T>
*/
public abstract class AbstractOcpDeployer<T> implements Deployer<T> {
protected final OpenShiftClient ocp;
protected final OkHttpClient http;
protected final String project;
public AbstractOcpDeployer(String project, OpenShiftClient ocp, OkHttpClient http) {
this.project = project;
this.ocp = ocp;
this.http = http;
}
}
``` |
Marialite is a silicate mineral with a chemical formula of if a pure endmember or with increasing meionite content. Marialite is a member of the scapolite group and a solid solution exists between marialite and meionite, the calcium endmember. It is a rare mineral usually used as a collector's stone.
Crystallography
Marialite has tetragonal crystallography and a 4/m crystal class. It has a 4 fold rotation with 90° mirror planes. Crystals are usually prismatic with prominent forms of prisms and dipyramids.
Marialite belongs to a uniaxial negative optical class which means it has one circular section and a principal section shaped like an oblate sphenoid.
Discovery and occurrence
Marialite was first described in 1866 for an occurrence in the Phlegrean Volcanic complex, Campania, Italy. It was named by German mineralogist Gerhard vom Rath for his wife, Maria Rosa vom Rath.
Marialite occurs in regional and contact metamorphism: marble, calcareous gneiss, granulite and greenschist. It also occurs in skarn, pegmatite and hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks. This means that Marialite is formed in high pressure and/or high temperature environments.
References
Tectosilicates
Halide minerals
Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 87
Sodium minerals
Aluminium minerals |
Colleen is an unincorporated community in Nelson County, Virginia, United States. It was originally named Cabellsville. From 1761, Colleen was the first seat of government of the original Amherst County, when the county court first met at Henry Key's home near this central location in the newly-formed county and ordered William Cabell to survey the line dividing it from the former Albemarle County. The new courthouse was erected on Lunsford Lomax's land by March 1762. In 1807, Virginia's legislature formed Nelson County, so the county seat had to be relocated. The Amherst County judges met at New Glasgow (sometimes called Cabellsburg) and ordered a new courthouse built nearby. That frame courthouse was finished in 1810 and replaced by the current courthouse in 1870. Meanwhile, the Nelson County seat was transferred to Lovingston, and a courthouse built in 1809.
References
GNIS reference
Unincorporated communities in Nelson County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia |
Eeva Ruoppa (May 2, 1932 Miehikkälä – April 27, 2013 Miehikkälä) was a cross-country skier from Finland who competed during the early 1960s. She won a bronze medal in the 3 × 5 km relay at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley.
Ruoppa also won a bronze medal in the 3 × 5 km relay at the 1962 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Zakopane.
She was a farmer.
Cross--country skiing results
Olympic Games
1 medal – (1 bronze)
World Championships
1 medal – (1 bronze)
External links
1960 Winter Olympic results
World Championship results
Eeva Ruoppa's profile at Sports Reference.com
1932 births
2013 deaths
People from Miehikkälä
Finnish female cross-country skiers
Cross-country skiers at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in cross-country skiing
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
Medalists at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Finland
Sportspeople from Kymenlaakso
20th-century Finnish women
20th-century women farmers
20th-century farmers |
Orofino Junior/Senior High School, is a six-year secondary school in the northwest United States, located in Orofino, Idaho, part of a combined high school and junior high school operated by the Orofino Joint School District #171. The school colors are royal blue, black, and white and the mascot is the maniac.
West of the city center, the present campus was built in the late 1960s, and the junior high was added recently, following the closure of the century-old junior high building in 2010. The 8th grade was added in 2010 and the 7th grade in 2012, after two years at the elementary school.
OHS overlooks the Clearwater River from above its north bank.
Orofino is the larger of the two high schools operated by the school district; the other is Timberline to the east, midway between Weippe and Pierce on Highway 11.
Athletics
Orofino competes in athletics in IHSAA Class 2A in the Central Idaho League with Grangeville and St. Maries.
State titles
Boys
Basketball (2): 1949, 1950
Track (1): 1985
Girls
Golf (1): 2008
References
External links
MaxPreps.com - Orofino Maniacs
Orofino Joint School District #171
Public high schools in Idaho
Schools in Clearwater County, Idaho
Public middle schools in Idaho
1960s establishments in Idaho |
```java
package com.yahoo.collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;
/**
* @author jonmv
*/
public class Iterables {
private Iterables() { }
/** Returns a reverse-order iterable view of the given elements. */
public static <T> Iterable<T> reversed(List<T> elements) {
return () -> new Iterator<T>() {
final ListIterator<T> wrapped = elements.listIterator(elements.size());
@Override public boolean hasNext() { return wrapped.hasPrevious(); }
@Override public T next() { return wrapped.previous(); }
@Override public void remove() { wrapped.remove(); }
};
}
}
``` |
Glinyanyy Island (Russian: Глинянный остров, Ostrovok Glinyanyy) is a small island on the east side of Gizhigin Bay, in the northeastern Sea of Okhotsk. It is cone shaped.
Administratively Glinyanyy Island belongs to the Magadan Oblast of the Russian Federation.
History
American whaleships hunting bowhead whales frequented the waters off the island from 1862 to 1905. They called it Ell Island, and used the bay to the east of the island as an anchorage, which they called Ell Harbor, short for Othello Harbor, named after a ship that utilized the harbor in the early 1860s. They anchored here to send whaleboats to the head of Gizhigin Bay to cruise for whales and as a shelter from southwest winds, to obtain wood, water, and stone for ballast, to smoke ship to kill rats, and to trade rum with the natives for reindeer. They also went ashore to gather berries and shoot ducks.
References
Islands of the Sea of Okhotsk
Islands of the Russian Far East
Islands of Magadan Oblast |
Libichava () is a village and municipality in Bánovce nad Bebravou District in the Trenčín Region of north-western Slovakia.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1329.
Geography
The municipality lies at an elevation of and covers an area of . It has a population of about 170 people.
External links
Official page
https://web.archive.org/web/20070427022352/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Bánovce nad Bebravou District |
The Goof, officially the Garden Gate Restaurant, is a well known eatery in the Beaches neighbourhood of Toronto. Founded in 1952, it serves Canadian Chinese cuisine as well as diner fare such as breakfast and hamburgers. Its nickname comes from the restaurant's neon sign. The word "good" is vertical on the sign and "food" horizontal, so when at some point in its history the "d" in "good" burnt out, it read "Goo F". It is today near universally referred to as The Goof by media and locals, while the official name remains Garden Gate.
After remaining almost unchanged for more than 50 years, the Goof was thoroughly renovated in 2006. The 1950s decor, including the jukeboxes, was removed and a modernist interior, done by local designer Bennett Lo, was put in place. The menu remained unchanged, as did the well known sign outside. Another well known fixture was waiter Hazel Hoeg, who announced her retirement in 2020, having worked at the restaurant since it opened in 1952, a span of 68 years. The restaurant is today owned by Keith Chau, who purchased it in the early 1990s.
In 2017 they updated their webspace to include a unique online ordering application.
The restaurant has also been a filming location for two movies: Frequency with Dennis Quaid and Angel Eyes with Jennifer Lopez.
The song "Pinch Me" by Toronto/Scarborough band Barenaked Ladies makes reference to The Goof with these lines "there's a restaurant down the street/where hungry people like to eat."
References
"Same name, but a different Goof." Jim Coyle. Toronto Star.. Mar 18, 2006. pg. B.03
"Loyal Goof fans rejoice as Beach eatery reopens." Gabe Gonda. Toronto Star. Jan 23, 2006. pg. B.04
The Garden Gate Restaurant a.k.a. "The Goof" – Good Food in the Beach since 1952
Garden Gate: 'The Goof' the Beaches Love
"They're goofing with the Goof Makeover making waves in the Beach." Jessica Leeder. Toronto Star. Oct 29, 2005. pg. B.05
Restaurants in Toronto |
The Sigma 24mm f/1.8 EX DG is wide-angle lens which features a fast f/1.8 maximum aperture for use in low-light situations, and macro focusing capability to a reproduction ratio of 1:2.7. It uses aspherical lens elements. Though intended for 35mm film and full-frame digital SLRs, this lens is available for several makes of APS-C digital SLR cameras, where the angle of view is similar to a moderate wide-angle lens (in the 35mm-40mm range, depending on the size of the D-SLR sensor).
This lens is capable of macro photography, with minimum focusing down to 18 cm/7.1" (reproduction ratio 1:2.7). It incorporates a floating focus system in order to minimize distortion, spherical aberration and astigmatism, and provides high performance at all shooting distances. The high reproduction ratio and wide angle of view allow capturing high quality images not only of a subject but also the surrounding scenery.
The Lens was introduced in 2001.
References
External links
official page
024mm f/1.8 EX DG |
Microphysetica is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was described by George Hampson in 1917.
Species
Microphysetica ambialis (Schaus, 1924)
Microphysetica hermeasalis (Walker, 1859)
Microphysetica peperita Hampson, 1917
Microphysetica rufitincta (Hampson, 1917)
References
Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by George Hampson |
```java
package basics.concurrencyLibrary;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue;
/**
* It implements the BlockingQueue interface
*
* - unbounded concurrent queue - it uses the same ordering rules as the
* java.util.PriorityQueue class -> have to implement the COmparable interface
* The comparable interface will determine what will the order in the queue
*
* The priority can be the same compare() == 0 case
*
* - no null items !!!
*
*
*/
class FirstWorker2 implements Runnable
{
private BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue;
public FirstWorker2 (BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue )
{
this.blockingQueue = blockingQueue;
}
@Override
public void run()
{
try
{
blockingQueue.put( "B" );
blockingQueue.put( "H" );
blockingQueue.put( "F" );
Thread.sleep( 1000 );
blockingQueue.put( "A" );
Thread.sleep( 1000 );
blockingQueue.put( "E" );
}
catch ( InterruptedException e )
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class SecondWorker2 implements Runnable
{
private BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue;
public SecondWorker2 (BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue )
{
this.blockingQueue = blockingQueue;
}
@Override
public void run()
{
try
{
Thread.sleep( 5000 );
System.out.println( blockingQueue.take() );
Thread.sleep( 1000 );
System.out.println( blockingQueue.take() );
Thread.sleep( 1000 );
System.out.println( blockingQueue.take() );
}
catch ( InterruptedException e )
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class PriorityBlockingQueues
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
BlockingQueue<String> queue = new PriorityBlockingQueue<>();
FirstWorker2 firstWorker = new FirstWorker2( queue );
SecondWorker2 secondWorker = new SecondWorker2( queue );
new Thread( firstWorker ).start();
new Thread( secondWorker ).start();
}
}
``` |
Wellstye Green or Wells Tye Green is a hamlet located between the villages of High Easter and Barnston, in the Uttlesford district of Essex.
It is the location of the Anglian Land Drainage Ltd (at Mawkinsherds Farm).
References
Uttlesford
Hamlets in Essex |
David Chidozie Okereke (born 29 August 1997) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Cremonese.
Club career
Spezia
He made his professional debut in the Serie B for Spezia on 9 April 2016 in a game against Novara. In 2018–19 season, he scored 10 goals and 12 assists in 33 games.
Club Brugge
On 9 July 2019, he signed a four-year contract with Club Brugge.
Venezia (loan)
On 12 August 2021, Okereke joined newly promoted Serie A club Venezia on a season-long loan with an option to make the transfer permanent.
Cremonese
On 28 July 2022, Okereke joined Cremonese, on a three-year contract for a reported fee of €10 million.
Personal life
On 15 September 2020 he tested positive for COVID-19.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Club Brugge
Belgian Pro League: 2019–20, 2020–21
Belgian Super Cup: 2021
References
External links
Living people
1997 births
Footballers from Lagos
Men's association football forwards
Nigerian men's footballers
USD Lavagnese 1919 players
Spezia Calcio players
Cosenza Calcio players
Club Brugge KV players
Venezia FC players
US Cremonese players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Serie D players
Belgian Pro League players
Nigerian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium |
Serkan may refer to:
People
Serkan Atak (born 1984), German footballer of Turkish descent
Serkan Aykut (born 1975), Turkish footballer
Serkan Balcı (born 1983), Turkish footballer
Serkan Çalik (born 1986), Turkish footballer
Serkan Çeliköz (born 1975), Turkish musician
Serkan Erdoğan (born 1978), Turkish basketball player
Serkan İnan (born 1986), Swedish basketball player of Turkish descent
Serkan Kaya (born 1984), Turkish marathon runner
Serkan Kırıntılı (born 1985), Turkish footballer
Serkan Köse (born 1976), Swedish politician
Serkan Kurtuluş (born 1990), Turkish footballer
Serkan Özdemir (born 1976), Turkish footballer
Serkan Özkaya (born 1973), Turkish artist
Serkan Özsoy (born 1978), Turkish footballer
Serkan Şahin (born 1988), Turkish footballer
Serkan Yıldık (born 1982), Turkish footballer
Places
Serkan, Iran, a city in Hamadan Province, Iran
Turkish masculine given names
Masculine given names |
Jan Edward Budkiewicz (19 May 1934 – 2 August 2022) was a Polish publicist, screenwriter, and politician. A member of the Democratic Left Alliance, he served in the Sejm from 1993 to 1997.
Budkiewicz died in Warsaw on 2 August 2022, at the age of 88.
References
1934 births
2022 deaths
Politicians from Warsaw
Democratic Left Alliance politicians
Members of the Polish Sejm 1993–1997
University of Warsaw alumni
Łódź Film School alumni
Polish screenwriters
Recipient of the Meritorious Activist of Culture badge |
Bedous (; ) is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France. It is the birthplace of Pierre Laclède, the Frenchman who founded the U.S. city of St. Louis.
Its station on the Pau–Canfranc railway was closed after an accident in 1970, but re-opened in 2016 as the terminus of service from Pau.
See also
Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
References
Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
DDC-I, Inc. is a privately held company providing software development of real-time operating systems, software development tools, and software services for safety-critical embedded applications, headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona. It was first created in 1985 as the Danish firm DDC International A/S (also known as DDC-I A/S), a commercial outgrowth of Dansk Datamatik Center, a Danish software research and development organization of the 1980s. The American subsidiary was created in 1986. For many years, the firm specialized in language compilers for the programming language Ada.
In 2003, the Danish office was closed and all operations moved to the Phoenix location.
Origins
The origins of DDC International A/S lay in Dansk Datamatik Center, a Danish software research and development organization that was formed in 1979 to demonstrate the value of using modern techniques, especially those involving formal methods, in software design and development. Among its several projects was the creation of a compiler system for the programming language Ada. Ada was a difficult language to implement and early compiler projects for it often proved disappointments. But the DDC compiler design was sound and it first passed the United States Department of Defense-sponsored Ada Compiler Validation Capability (ACVC) standardized suite of language and runtime tests on a VAX/VMS system in September 1984. As such, it was the first European Ada compiler to meet this standard.
Success of the Ada project led to a separate company being formed in 1985, called DDC International A/S, with the purpose of commercializing the Ada compiler system product. Like its originator, it was based in Lyngby, Denmark. Ole N. Oest was named the managing director of DDC International. In 1986, DDC-I, Inc. was founded as the American subsidiary company. Located in Phoenix, Arizona, it focused on sales, customer support, and engineering consulting activities in the United States.
Ada compiler
DDC-I established a business in selling the Ada compiler system product, named DACS, directly to firms, both as software to develop projects in Ada with, and as source code to computer makers and others, who would rehost or retarget it to other processors and operating systems.
The first business sold both native compilers and cross compilers, with the latter more common since Ada was primarily used in the embedded systems realm. One of the first cross compilers that DDC-I developed was from VAX/VMS to the Intel 8086 and Intel 80286; the effort was already underway by early 1985. It began as a joint venture with the Italian defense electronics company Selenia that would target both their MARA-860 and MARA-286 multi-microprocessor computers, based on the 8086 and 80286 architectures, and generic embedded and OS-hosting 8086 and 80286 systems. This work was the start of what would become the largest-selling product line for the firm. DDC-I developed a reputation for quality Ada cross compilers and runtime systems for Intel 80x86 processors.
The second business made use of what became termed the DDC OEM Compiler Kit, who could be using the Ada front end for compilers to other hosts or targets or for other tools such as VLSI. In a September 1985 meeting in Lund, Sweden, several of the OEM Kit customers formed the DDC Ada Compiler Retargeter's Group. It held at least three meetings over the course of 1985 and 1986. The early OEM customers included the University of Lund, Defence Materiel Administration, and Ericsson Radio Systems in Sweden; Softplan and Nokia Information Systems in Finland; Selenia and Olivetti in Italy; ICL Defence Systems and STL Ltd in the United Kingdom; Aitech Software Engineering in Israel; and Advanced Computer Techniques, Rockwell Collins, Control Data Corporation, and General Systems Group in the United States.
Later developers were often less well versed in formal methods and did not use them in their work on the compiler. This was even more so in the case of companies retargeting the compiler, many of which were unfamiliar with the Ada language.
DDC-I was in the same market as several other Ada compiler firms, including Alsys, TeleSoft, Verdix, Tartan Laboratories, and TLD Systems. (DDC-I would go on to stay in business longer than any of these others.)
As with other Ada compiler vendors, much of the time of DDC-I engineers was spent in conforming to the large, difficult ACVC tests.
Starting in 1988 and continuing for several years, DDC-I consultants collaborated with Honeywell Air Transport Systems to retarget and optimize the DDC-I Ada compiler to the AMD 29050 processor. This DDC-I-based cross compiler system was used to develop the primary flight software for the Boeing 777 airliner. This software, named the Airplane Information Management System, would become arguably the best-known of any Ada-in-use project, civilian or military. Some 550 developers at Honeywell worked on the flight system and it was publicized as a major Ada success story.
In October 1991, it was announced that DDC-I had acquired the Ada and JOVIAL language embedded systems business of InterACT, which had become a venture of Advanced Computer Techniques. This wholly owned New York-based entity was briefly named DDC-Inter before being subsumed into DDC-I proper. This brought Ada cross compilers for the MIL-STD-1750A and MIPS R3000 processors, and JOVIAL language cross compilers for the MIL-STD-1750A and Zilog Z8002 into the product line. The MIPS product was one which DDC-I emphasised, with engineering efforts that included automatic recognition of certain tasking optimizations, and work in the U.S. Air Force-sponsored Common Ada Runtime System (CARTS) project towards providing standard interfaces into Ada runtime environments.
At the end of 1993, the New York office was closed, and its work transferred to the Phoenix office.
By the early 1990s, DDC-I offered Ada native compilers for VAX/VMS, Sun-3 and SPARC under SunOS, and Intel 80386 under UNIX System V and OS/2, and offered cross compilers for the Motorola 680x0 and Intel i860 in addition to the abovementioned targets.
Ada 95 and explorations of other product lines
In the early 1990s, DDC-I worked on redesigning the compiler system for the wide-ranging Ada 95 revision of the language standard. They used a new object-based programming design and still adhered to a formal methods approach as well, using VDM-SL. The work was done under sponsorship of the European Community-based Open Microprocessor Initiative's Global Language and Uniform Environment -project (OMI/GLUE), where DDC-I's role was to create a compiler targeting the Architecture Neutral Distribution Format (ANDF) intermediate form, with the intention of bringing Ada 95 to more platforms quickly. As part of this work, DDC-I collaborated with the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency in expanding some of ANDF's abilities to express semantics of Ada and the fast-growing programming language C++. Work in Ada-specific areas, such as bounds-checking elimination, was done to get optimal run-time performance.
The Ada software environment was originally thought to be a promising market.
But the Ada compiler business proved to be a difficult one to be in. During this time, 1987–97, a U.S. government mandate for Ada use was in effect, albeit with some waivers granted.
Many of the advantages of the language for general-purpose programming were not seen as such by the general software engineering community or by educators. The sales situation was challenging, with periodic small layoffs. Despite consolidation among other Ada tool providers, DDC-I remained an independent company.
In any case, DDC-I was an enthusiastic advocate of the Ada language, for use in the company and externally. A paper one of its engineers published in 1993 assessed Ada 95's object-oriented features favorably to those of C++ and attracted some attention.
At the same time, the firm attempted to expand and augment its product line. The RAISE toolset was available, as was Cedar, a design tool for real-time systems. Also offered was Beologic, a tool to develop and run state/event parts of applications, that had been licensed from Bang & Olufsen and integrated with the Ada compiler system.
The biggest effort was in the direction of C++. DDC-I began offering 1st Object Exec, a C++-based real-time operating system intended for direct, object-level support of embedded applications. Despite considerable efforts during 1993–94, 1st Object Exec failed to gain traction in the marketplace.
The one area where Ada did gain a solid foothold was in real-time, high-reliability, high-integrity, safety-critical applications such as aerospace.
Based on its experience with Honeywell and other customers, DDC-I acquired expertise in the mapping of Ada language and runtime features to the requirements of safety-critical certifications, in particular those for the DO-178B (Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification) standard, and provided tools for that process.
Such applications continued even after the Ada mandate was dropped in 1997.
For instance, in 1997 the firm was awarded a joint contract with Sikorsky Aircraft and Boeing Defense & Space Group's Helicopters Division to develop software to be used in the Boeing/Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche.
In March 1998, DDC-I acquired from Texas Instruments the development and sales and marketing rights to the Tartan Ada compilers for the Intel i960, Motorola 680x0, and MIL-STD-1750A targets.
Support for mixed language development was added in 2000 with the addition of the programming language C as part of DDC-I's mixed-language integrated development environment for SCORE (for Safety-Critical, Object-oriented, Real-time Embedded). Leveraging the ANDF format, the DWARF standardized debugging format, and the OMI protocol for communicating with target board debug monitors, SCORE was able to provide a common building and debugging environment for real-time application developers. Support for Embedded C++ was added to SCORE in 2003, by which time it could integrate with a variety of target board scenarios on Intel x86 and Power PC processors. The C and Embedded C++ compilers for ANDF came from a licensing arrangement for the TenDRA Compiler (later DDC-I became the maintainer of those compilers). Subsequently, Ada 95 support for the older 1750A and TMS320C4x processors was added to SCORE.
U.S. headquarters and real-time operating systems
By April 2003 the industry move away from Ada and the declining position of the aircraft industry had taken its toll and DDC-I suffered significant financial losses.
DDC-I decided to close its Denmark office in Lyngby and move all operations to Phoenix.
In September 2005, the company named Bob Morris, formerly of LynuxWorks, as its president and chief executive officer. Oest became Chief Technology Officer. In April 2006, DDC-I moved to new offices in northern Phoenix, stating that it was expanding and that it expected revenue to grow 40–50 percent over the previous year.
Since 2006, the company has been contributing to the Java Expert Group for Safety Critical Java.
This work, which uses the Real-time specification for Java as a base and then specifies language and library subsets and coding rules for use to provide sufficient determinism, is seen by the firm's representatives as making Java possibly equal or superior to either Ada or C++ as a language for safety-critical applications.
The company has viewed the safety-critical Java profile as one that can help the defense industry deal with the issue of aging software and hardware applications.
By 2008, DDC-I was referring to Ada as a legacy language and offering semi-automated tools and professional services to help customers migrate to newer solutions.
In November 2008, the company entered the embedded real-time operating system (RTOS) market with two products, Deos and HeartOS. Both were based on underlying software technology originated at Honeywell International and already deployed on many commercial and military aircraft. As part of the action, DDC-I hired some of the key Honeywell engineering staff who had designed Deos.
Other firms in the same RTOS market segment as DDC-I include LynuxWorks, Wind River Systems, SYSGO, and Express Logic.
Products
Deos is a time and space partitioned real-time operating system (RTOS) that was first certified to DO-178B level A in 1998. Deos contains several patented architectural features including enhancements for processor utilization, binary software reuse and safe scheduling for multi-core processors. Deos users have the ability to add on optional ARINC 653 personality modules designed to fit different application needs. Deos supports the processors ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, and x86, and is supported by popular SSL/TLS libraries such as wolfSSL. It was listed as one of the Hot 100 Electronic Products of 2009 by EDN magazine.
HeartOS is a POSIX-based hard real-time operating system, designed for small to medium embedded applications including safety-critical types. It supports ARM, PowerPC, x86 and other 16-bit and 32-bit processors. It is configurable without the POSIX interface layer for memory-constrained systems.
OpenArbor is an Eclipse-based integrated development environment for C, Embedded C++, and Ada application development. It was announced in 2007.
SCORE is a mixed-language set of integrated tools for safety-critical, object-oriented, real-time embedded software applications, supporting Ada, C, and Embedded C++ applications for a variety of embedded architectures.
Legacy Ada 83 and JOVIAL compiler system products also continue to be supported.
Bibliography
A slightly expanded version of this chapter is available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221271386_Dansk_Datamatik_Center. A further expanded version is part of Bjørner's online memoir at http://www.imm.dtu.dk/~dibj/trivia/node5.html. A slides presentation by Gram based on the paper is available online as Why Dansk Datamatik Center?
WorldCat entry
References
External links
Software companies based in Arizona
Software companies of Denmark
Companies based in Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality
Companies based in Phoenix, Arizona
Technology companies established in 1985
1985 establishments in Denmark
2003 disestablishments in Denmark
1986 establishments in Arizona
Development software companies
Ada (programming language)
Software companies of the United States |
The name February 2017 North American blizzard may refer to any of two blizzards that impacted North America in February 2017.
February 9–11, 2017 North American blizzard – a powerful, fast-moving blizzard and nor'easter that impacted the Northeastern United States with snow and high winds
February 12–14, 2017 North American blizzard – a slow-moving and intense blizzard that impacted much of New England with feet of snow |
```java
/*
*/
package io.strimzi.operator.cluster.operator.assembly;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ConfigMap;
import io.strimzi.api.kafka.model.rebalance.KafkaRebalance;
import io.strimzi.api.kafka.model.rebalance.KafkaRebalanceBuilder;
import io.strimzi.api.kafka.model.rebalance.KafkaRebalanceSpec;
import io.strimzi.api.kafka.model.rebalance.KafkaRebalanceSpecBuilder;
import io.strimzi.operator.common.model.Labels;
import io.strimzi.operator.common.model.cruisecontrol.CruiseControlLoadParameters;
import io.strimzi.operator.common.model.cruisecontrol.CruiseControlRebalanceKeys;
import io.vertx.core.json.JsonArray;
import io.vertx.core.json.JsonObject;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasEntry;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasKey;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
public class KafkaRebalanceStatusTest {
private static final int BROKER_ONE_KEY = 1;
private static final String RESOURCE_NAME = "my-rebalance";
private static final String CLUSTER_NAMESPACE = "cruise-control-namespace";
private static final String CLUSTER_NAME = "kafka-cruise-control-test-cluster";
private KafkaRebalance createKafkaRebalance(String namespace, String clusterName, String resourceName,
KafkaRebalanceSpec kafkaRebalanceSpec) {
return new KafkaRebalanceBuilder()
.withNewMetadata()
.withNamespace(namespace)
.withName(resourceName)
.withLabels(clusterName != null ? Collections.singletonMap(Labels.STRIMZI_CLUSTER_LABEL, CLUSTER_NAME) : null)
.endMetadata()
.withSpec(kafkaRebalanceSpec)
.build();
}
public static JsonObject buildOptimizationProposal() {
JsonObject proposal = new JsonObject();
JsonObject summary = new JsonObject();
JsonObject brokersBeforeObject = new JsonObject();
JsonArray brokerLoadBeforeArray = new JsonArray();
JsonObject brokerOneBefore = new JsonObject();
brokerOneBefore.put(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.BROKER_ID.getKey(), BROKER_ONE_KEY);
brokerOneBefore.put(CruiseControlLoadParameters.CPU_PERCENTAGE.getCruiseControlKey(), 10.0);
brokerOneBefore.put(CruiseControlLoadParameters.REPLICAS.getCruiseControlKey(), 10);
brokerLoadBeforeArray.add(brokerOneBefore);
brokersBeforeObject.put(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.BROKERS.getKey(), brokerLoadBeforeArray);
JsonObject brokersAfterObject = new JsonObject();
JsonArray brokerLoadAfterArray = new JsonArray();
JsonObject brokerOneAfter = new JsonObject();
brokerOneAfter.put(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.BROKER_ID.getKey(), BROKER_ONE_KEY);
brokerOneAfter.put(CruiseControlLoadParameters.CPU_PERCENTAGE.getCruiseControlKey(), 20.0);
brokerOneAfter.put(CruiseControlLoadParameters.REPLICAS.getCruiseControlKey(), 5);
brokerLoadAfterArray.add(brokerOneAfter);
brokersAfterObject.put(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.BROKERS.getKey(), brokerLoadAfterArray);
proposal.put(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.SUMMARY.getKey(), summary);
proposal.put(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.LOAD_BEFORE_OPTIMIZATION.getKey(), brokersBeforeObject);
proposal.put(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.LOAD_AFTER_OPTIMIZATION.getKey(), brokersAfterObject);
return proposal;
}
@Test
public void testLoadParamExtract() {
JsonObject proposal = buildOptimizationProposal();
JsonArray loadBeforeArray = proposal.getJsonObject(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.LOAD_BEFORE_OPTIMIZATION.getKey())
.getJsonArray(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.BROKERS.getKey());
Map<Integer, Map<String, Object>> output = KafkaRebalanceAssemblyOperator.extractLoadParameters(loadBeforeArray);
assertThat(output, hasKey(BROKER_ONE_KEY));
assertThat(output.get(BROKER_ONE_KEY), hasEntry(CruiseControlLoadParameters.CPU_PERCENTAGE.getKafkaRebalanceStatusKey(), 10.0));
assertThat(output.get(BROKER_ONE_KEY), hasEntry(CruiseControlLoadParameters.REPLICAS.getKafkaRebalanceStatusKey(), 10));
}
@Test
public void testCreateLoadMap() {
JsonObject proposal = buildOptimizationProposal();
JsonArray loadBeforeArray = proposal.getJsonObject(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.LOAD_BEFORE_OPTIMIZATION.getKey())
.getJsonArray(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.BROKERS.getKey());
JsonArray loadAfterArray = proposal.getJsonObject(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.LOAD_AFTER_OPTIMIZATION.getKey())
.getJsonArray(CruiseControlRebalanceKeys.BROKERS.getKey());
JsonObject output = KafkaRebalanceAssemblyOperator.parseLoadStats(
loadBeforeArray, loadAfterArray);
assertThat(output.getMap(), hasKey("1"));
assertThat(output.getJsonObject("1").getMap(), hasKey(CruiseControlLoadParameters.REPLICAS.getKafkaRebalanceStatusKey()));
JsonObject replicas = output.getJsonObject("1").getJsonObject("replicas");
assertThat(replicas.getInteger("before"), is(10));
assertThat(replicas.getInteger("after"), is(5));
assertThat(replicas.getInteger("diff"), is(-5));
assertThat(output.getJsonObject("1").getMap(), hasKey(CruiseControlLoadParameters.CPU_PERCENTAGE.getKafkaRebalanceStatusKey()));
JsonObject cpus = output.getJsonObject("1").getJsonObject("cpuPercentage");
assertThat(cpus.getDouble("before"), is(10.));
assertThat(cpus.getDouble("after"), is(20.0));
assertThat(cpus.getDouble("diff"), is(10.0));
}
@Test
public void testProcessProposal() {
JsonObject proposal = buildOptimizationProposal();
KafkaRebalance kr =
createKafkaRebalance(CLUSTER_NAMESPACE, CLUSTER_NAME, RESOURCE_NAME, new KafkaRebalanceSpecBuilder().build());
KafkaRebalanceAssemblyOperator.MapAndStatus<ConfigMap, Map<String, Object>> output = KafkaRebalanceAssemblyOperator.processOptimizationProposal(kr, proposal);
Map<String, String> brokerMap = output.getLoadMap().getData();
try {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
Map<String, LinkedHashMap<String, String>> brokerLoadMap = mapper.readValue(brokerMap.get(KafkaRebalanceAssemblyOperator.BROKER_LOAD_KEY), LinkedHashMap.class);
assertThat(brokerMap, hasKey(KafkaRebalanceAssemblyOperator.BROKER_LOAD_KEY));
LinkedHashMap<String, LinkedHashMap<String, Object>> m = (LinkedHashMap) brokerLoadMap.get("1");
assertThat(m, hasKey(CruiseControlLoadParameters.CPU_PERCENTAGE.getKafkaRebalanceStatusKey()));
assertThat((Double) m.get("cpuPercentage").get("before"), is(10.0));
assertThat((Double) m.get("cpuPercentage").get("after"), is(20.0));
assertThat((Double) m.get("cpuPercentage").get("diff"), is(10.0));
assertThat(m, hasKey(CruiseControlLoadParameters.REPLICAS.getKafkaRebalanceStatusKey()));
assertThat((Integer) m.get("replicas").get("before"), is(10));
assertThat((Integer) m.get("replicas").get("after"), is(5));
assertThat((Integer) m.get("replicas").get("diff"), is(-5));
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
``` |
Chai Biao (; born 10 October 1990) is a Chinese professional badminton player. Chai has concentrated on men's doubles for the majority of his senior career in badminton. His most successful partnership was with Hong Wei: together they reached the year end tournament BWF Superseries Finals in 2014 and 2015. As Hong has since retired, Chai's current partner in men's doubles is Wang Zekang.
Career
Chai was born in Yanfeng District of Hengyang City in 1990. At the age of 7, he learned badminton from the senior coach of the Badminton Institute in the City Sports School. Due to progressing quickly, he was transported to Hunan Badminton Team for professional training for four years later. He has won the National Junior Championship. In 2007, he was enter the national badminton team, and at that year in the early of July, he competed at the Asian Junior Championships and won the boys' doubles title. In November, Chai won a gold in the mixed team event and a silver in the boys' doubles event at the World Junior Championships. In 2008, Chai repeat his success at the World Junior Championships in Pune, India, by winning two golds in the mixed doubles and team event and a silver in the boys' doubles event. Chai was a bronze medalist at the Asia Championships in the men's doubles event in 2009 and 2012.
Achievements
BWF World Championships
Men's doubles
Asian Championships
Men's doubles
East Asian Games
Men's doubles
BWF World Junior Championships
Boys' doubles
Mixed doubles
Asian Junior Championships
Boys' doubles
BWF Superseries
The BWF Superseries, which was launched on 14 December 2006 and implemented in 2007, was a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). BWF Superseries levels were Superseries and Superseries Premier. A season of Superseries consisted of twelve tournaments around the world that had been introduced since 2011. Successful players were invited to the Superseries Finals, which were held at the end of each year.
Men's doubles
BWF Superseries Finals tournament
BWF Superseries Premier tournament
BWF Superseries tournament
BWF Grand Prix
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017.
Men's doubles
Mixed doubles
BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
BWF Grand Prix tournament
Record against selected opponents
Men's doubles results with Guo Zhendong against Superseries Finals finalists, World Championships semifinalists, and Olympic quarterfinalists.
Cai Yun & Fu Haifeng 1–2
Liu Xiaolong & Qiu Zihan 2–0
Fang Chieh-min & Lee Sheng-mu 2–0
Mathias Boe & Carsten Mogensen 0–5
Mads Conrad-Petersen & Jonas Rasmussen 3–1
Mads Conrad-Petersen & Mads Pieler Kolding 1–0
Muhammad Ahsan & Bona Septano 4–1
Hendra Aprida Gunawan & Alvent Yulianto 0–2
Markis Kido & Hendra Setiawan 1–1
Angga Pratama & Ryan Agung Saputra 2–1
Hiroyuki Endo & Kenichi Hayakawa 0–1
Hirokatsu Hashimoto & Noriyasu Hirata 4–0
Goh V Shem & Lim Khim Wah 0–1
Hoon Thien How & Tan Wee Kiong 0–1
Koo Kien Keat & Tan Boon Heong 0–1
Vladimir Ivanov & Ivan Sozonov 1–1
Cho Gun-woo & Shin Baek-cheol 0–1
Jung Jae-sung & Lee Yong-dae 2–1
Ko Sung-hyun & Yoo Yeon-seong 2–1
Bodin Isara & Maneepong Jongjit 2–0
Howard Bach & Tony Gunawan 0–2
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
People from Hengyang
Badminton players from Hunan
Chinese male badminton players
Badminton players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic badminton players for China |
Lasomin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siennica, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Siennica, south of Mińsk Mazowiecki, and south-east of Warsaw.
References
Lasomin |
Roderigue Hortalez and Company was a corporation created by Luis de Unzaga as coordinator of interests of Spain and France in May of 1775 in order to provide arms and financial assistance to American Revolutionaries in anticipation of the American Revolutionary War against Britain. The ruse was organized by Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, a French playwright, watch-maker, inventor, musician, politician, fugitive, spy, publisher, arms-dealer, and revolutionary. Weapons and materials were procured to help the Americans fight the British, enemies of France at the time, through the corporation.
Background
The Seven Years' War had gone badly for France, which had lost nearly all of her North American colonial possessions and had been militarily humiliated by the British. Spain, who had been an ally of France late in the war, had lost the strategically important territory of Florida. Britain, meanwhile, had expanded its colonial territories across large areas of North America.
To get out of legal trouble Pierre Beaumarchais pledged his services to the king in order to restore his civil rights.
In 1774, Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes was appointed the foreign minister of France by Louis XVI. Vergennes was strongly anti-England, at one point declaring "England is the natural enemy of France." His chance to strike at Britain came through Pierre Beaumarchais.
The company in operation
Beaumarchais, working as a secret agent, had traveled to London in pursuit of Chevalier d'Eon, a cross-dressing agent of Louis XVI, who had threatened the King with blackmail. During that period Beaumarchais fell in with the dissolute crowd that surrounded John Wilkes, the Mayor of London. There he received a letter from the Continental Congress, delivered by Arthur Lee. In it Congress suggested to his government that it encourage the rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies by sending secret military aid disguised as a loan. Beaumarchais believed Britain's economy would be significantly crippled without the thirteen colonies. Louis XVI and Vergennes agreed. Both states were unwilling to openly show their support, at least until after the rebellion had successfully begun.
Before the Declaration of Independence was even signed, weapons and other necessities were already flowing via the ostensibly neutral Dutch island of St. Eustatius. Muskets, cannons, cannonballs, gunpowder, bombs, mortars, tents, and enough clothing for 30,000 men were sent. This assistance kept American hopes alive during the spring of 1776.
Hortalez & Co. conducted business with the Americans from France through Connecticut merchant Silas Deane, who was sharing a covert trade agency with Thomas Morris the half-brother of Robert Morris (financier). Because this business did not include Arthur Lee, Lee then made it a point that Beaumarchais would never be paid for the goods he provided. He did this, not to harm Beaumarchais, but to deprive a political competitor his commission. As a result of Lee's actions, Deane lived in disgrace and poverty for years, and eventually died trying to prove that he was due the money.
In an August 16, 1777, letter from Lee to the "secrete committee of congress", he wrote of Beaumarchais that
Opposition
The only major opposition to the plan came from French minister of finance Baron Turgot. He insisted that American independence would occur whether or not France financed the rebellion. He said the funding would add to the already heavy burden of a general French military and naval buildup and would lead to bankruptcy. Turgot eventually resigned in protest.
References
Further reading
Bass, Streeter. "Beaumarchais and the American Revolution." Studies in Intelligence 14 (1970): 1-1. CIA report
Meng, John J. "A Footnote to Secret Aid in the American Revolution." American Historical Review (1938) 43#4 pp: 791-795. in JSTOR
Morton, Brian N. "'Roderigue Hortalez' to the Secret Committee: An Unpublished French Policy Statement of 1777." French Review (1977): 875-890. in JSTOR
Morton, Brian N. et Donald C. Spinelli, Beaumarchais Correspondances, tomes III et IV, Éditions A.-G. Nizet, Paris.
de Langlais Tugdual, L'armateur préféré de Beaumarchais Jean Peltier Dudoyer, de Nantes à l'Isle de France, Éd. Coiffard, 2015, 340 p. ().
Stillé, Charles J. "Beaumarchais and" The Lost Million"." The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (1887) 11#1 pp: 1-36. in JSTOR
York, Neil L. "Clandestine Aid and the American Revolutionary War Effort: A Re-Examination." Military Affairs: The Journal of Military History, Including Theory and Technology (1979): 26-30. in JSTOR
American Revolution
Manufacturing companies established in 1775
Weapons trade
France–United States relations |
Martin Barry Kelner is a British journalist, author, comedian, singer, actor and TV presenter, whose primary career is in radio presenting. He has spent over 40 years hosting radio shows, mostly for the BBC, in particular Radio Leeds. He has been regularly accompanied throughout his career by comedy sidekick Edouard Lapaglie.
Education and early career
Kelner studied Arts and Social Studies at Strathclyde University in Glasgow, but dropped out. He was employed as a reporter on the Western Daily Press in Bristol and for the Oxford Mail. He then joined the Central Office of Information, for whom he worked in Bristol, Lambeth, South London and in Birmingham.
Martin Kelner moved to Radio Hallam in Sheffield to begin his career in radio. He started reading the breakfast show news before moving on to his own late night show. He spent a brief spell at London's LBC and Manchester's Piccadilly Radio, before moving to Leeds in 1981 and the fledgling Radio Aire.
He left Radio Aire in late 1982, and worked for Yorkshire TV for a time on a programme called Calendar It's The Weekend. He was also a co-presenter on BBC Breakfast. Other television excursions for Kelner include Brainwave, a daytime quiz show and Pick of the Week.
Radio
In 1984 Kelner joined the BBC. He initially presented the weekday early show on BBC Radio 2 in September and October 1984, and then presented his own Saturday night show on the same station from 6 July 1985 until 24 March 1990, also returning to the early show for two stints during 1985. He fronted his own Saturday afternoon show on Radio 2 from 1 October 1994 to 23 March 1996. He also did many stand-ins for regular presenters on the network, peaking in the mid-1990s when he regularly deputised for Sarah Kennedy on the weekday early show (both when she sat in for Terry Wogan and when she was on holiday herself) and also sat in for Ken Bruce and John Dunn. He also presented editions of the Radio 2 Arts Programme from the north of England, and a programme called Let It Be... Please! featuring bad or embarrassing cover versions of the Beatles' songs. He then fell out of favour at the national station, presenting his last Radio 2 show sitting in for Sarah Kennedy on 29 November 1996.
At the same time as he was on Radio 2, he was also presenting a local radio late-night show from the Radio Leeds studios and broadcast across the BBC Night Network in the north, on which he first gave airtime to radio comedy sketches from Caroline Aherne. She portrayed the Mrs Merton character on his radio show ad-libbing conversations with Kelner for around eight years. He also introduced Aherne into network broadcasting on Radio 2 and the original BBC Radio 5, where he presented the programme Five Aside for the station's opening months in 1990.
He returned to Manchester to present the breakfast show on 100.4 Jazz FM, where he introduced another great comic talent to the public in the shape of Jake Yapp's Dora Dale, with whom Martin produced the hit BBC Radio 7 comedy show, Pleased To Meet You. This show was nominated for a Sony National Radio Award on 28 March 2007 in the category of Best Comedy Programme.
Until October 2006, Kelner presented the Friday and Saturday late show at the weekends on BBC Radio Humberside, BBC Radio York, BBC Radio Leeds and BBC Radio Sheffield.
Other stations he has worked for include BBC Thames Valley FM, BBC Radio Cleveland, Pennine Radio, BBC Radio 5 Live, TalkSport, BBC Radio Manchester, Real Radio Yorkshire and Mansfield 103.2 FM.
From 2006 until 2010 he presented his own podcast, the Piss Poor Podcast, accompanied for the most part by Edouard Lapaglie. He also appears on BBC Radio 5 Live as a regular panellist on Fighting Talk (twice finishing as series runner up and twice winning the series championship, in 2013 and 2019), and has contributed to Chart The Week on Richard Bacon's programme. His most regular radio slot had been the BBC Radio Leeds Breakfast Show which he co-presented Monday to Thursday from 6:30am to 9:00am, but he was moved to the lunchtime slot in November 2012.
Due to a change in direction of the station, Kelner left Radio Leeds again, presenting his last show on 18 March 2016.
On 2 February 2018, Kelner joined the DAB station TalkRadio, hosting weekend mornings from 1am to 5am.
Writing and journalism
Kelner's journalism includes a weekly column for The Guardian, "Screen Break", which took a lighthearted look at the world of sport on TV, and a fortnightly column about radio. "Screen Break" finished on 31 December 2012. He writes occasional travel pieces for The Mail on Sunday, and has written for The Independent, of which his brother Simon Kelner was executive editor. Kelner began writing for the Racing Post at the beginning of 2013.
Other publications he has written for include GQ, Men's Health, Later (now defunct), RCME, The Observer, Landrover Owner magazine, You magazine, and Public Servant, the local and national government journal. He also has contributed to the YouGov website, and wrote television previews for the Daily Mail around 1994/95. He has posted humorous product reviews on Amazon.
His first book, about the outer suburbs of show business, was called When Will I Be Famous?. His second book, Sit Down and Cheer, looked at the history of sport on British television.
Personal life
Kelner's daughter, Martha, is a journalist.
Health problems
in the summer of 2013, Kelner was diagnosed with fibromatosis; he later had surgery to remove a sarcoma from his abdomen and was cared for at St James Hospital, Leeds. He was later treated at the hospital's intensive treatment unit for a week, and returned to his home in Wakefield for further recovery. In his blog, Kelner noted that it would be early 2014 until he could fully "return to professional life". He resumed his column in The Racing Post (at first on a semi-regular basis) and BBC Radio 5 Live later announced his return to Fighting Talk on 2 November. By mid-January he had resumed his lunchtime programme on BBC Radio Leeds.
References
External links
Martin Kelner's personal website including latest and archived podcasts
Guardian Sports Columnists Index – select Martin Kelner
An overview of Kelner's radio career
Living people
British radio comedy
British radio DJs
British radio personalities
English radio presenters
The Guardian journalists
BBC Radio 2 presenters
People from Swinton, Greater Manchester
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde
People from Prestwich
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
Male actors from Salford
English male comedians |
Black ice, sometimes called clear ice, is a thin coating of glaze ice on a surface, especially on streets. The ice itself is not black, but visually transparent, allowing the often black road below to be seen through it. The typically low levels of noticeable ice pellets, snow, or sleet surrounding black ice means that areas of the ice are often next to invisible to drivers or people walking on it. Thus, there is a risk of slippage and subsequent accident due to the unexpected loss of traction.
Definitions
The term "black ice" in the United States is defined by the National Weather Service as "patchy ice on roadways or other transportation surfaces that cannot easily be seen. It is often clear (not white) with the black road surface visible underneath. It is most prevalent during the early morning hours, especially after snowmelt on the roadways has a chance to refreeze overnight when the temperature drops below freezing. Black ice can also form when roadways are slick from rain and temperatures drop below freezing overnight."
The World Meteorological Organization definitions of black ice are:
A popular alternative for the term "glaze". A thin sheet of ice, relatively dark in appearance, may form when light rain or drizzle falls on a road surface that is at a temperature below freezing point or, alternatively, when water already on the road surface subsequently freezes when its temperature falls below freezing point. It may also be formed when supercooled fog droplets are intercepted by buildings, fences, and vegetation.
Thin, new ice on freshwater or saltwater, appearing dark in color because of its transparency, a result of its columnar grain structure. On lakes, black ice is also commonly overlain by white ice formed from refrozen snow or slush.
Formation
On roads and pavements
The American Meteorological Society Glossary of Meteorology includes the definition of black ice as "a thin sheet of ice, relatively dark in appearance, [that] may form when light rain or drizzle falls on a road surface that is at a temperature below ." Because it represents only a thin accumulation, black ice is highly transparent and thus difficult to see compared with snow, frozen slush, or thicker ice layers. In addition, it is often interleaved with wet pavement, which is nearly identical in appearance.
This condition makes driving, cycling or walking on affected surfaces extremely dangerous. Deicing with salt (sodium chloride) is effective down to temperatures of about . Other compounds such as magnesium chloride or calcium chloride have been used for extremely cold temperatures since the freezing-point depression of their solutions is lower.
At lower temperatures (below ), black ice can form on roadways when the moisture from automobile exhaust, such as motorcycles and cars, condenses on the road surface.
Such conditions caused multiple accidents in Minnesota when the temperatures dipped below that point for a prolonged period of time in mid-December 2008. Salt's ineffectiveness at melting ice at these temperatures compounds the problem. Black ice may form even when the ambient temperature is several degrees above the freezing point of water , if the air warms suddenly after a prolonged cold spell that has left the surface of the roadway well below the freezing point of water.
On December 1, 2013, heavy post-Thanksgiving weekend traffic encountered black ice on the westbound I-290 expressway in Worcester, Massachusetts. A chain reaction series of crashes resulted, involving three tractor-trailers and over 60 other vehicles. The ice formed suddenly on a long downward slope, surprising drivers coming over the crest of a hill, who could not see crashed vehicles ahead until it was too late to stop on the slick pavement.
On February 11, 2021, icing in Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, contributed to a crash on I-35W which authorities called a "mass casualty event". Over 100 cars were involved in the pileup and multiple fatalities were reported.
On bridges
Bridges and overpasses can be especially dangerous. Black ice forms first on bridges and overpasses because air can circulate both above and below the surface of the elevated roadway when the ambient temperature drops, causing the pavement temperature on the bridge to fall rapidly. In the United States, road warning signs with the advisory "Bridge Ices Before Road" indicate potentially dangerous roadways above bridge structures.
Similar road signs exists throughout Canada, but warnings sometimes appear without words to comply to bilingual requirements. The Canadian sign features a vehicle with skid marks and snow flakes. The same sign's official and undisclosed description is defined as "Pavement is slippery when wet".
Case study in Minnesota
The I-35W Mississippi River bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was well known for its black ice before it collapsed in 2007 into the Mississippi River. It had caused several pileups during its 40-year life. On December 19, 1985, the temperature reached . Cars crossing the bridge experienced black ice and there was a massive pile up of crashed vehicles on the bridge on the northbound side. In February and in December 1996, the bridge was identified as the single most treacherous cold-weather spot in the local freeway system, because of the almost frictionless thin layer of black ice that regularly formed when temperatures dropped below freezing. The bridge's proximity to Saint Anthony Falls contributed significantly to the icing problem and the site was noted for frequent spinouts and collisions.
By January 1999, Mn/DOT began testing magnesium chloride solutions and a mixture of magnesium chloride and a corn-processing byproduct to see whether either would reduce the black ice that appeared on the bridge during the winter months. In October 1999, the state embedded temperature-activated nozzles in the bridge deck to spray the bridge with potassium acetate solution to keep the area free of winter black ice. The system came into operation in 2000.
On water
When the temperature is below freezing and the wind is calm, such as under a high atmospheric pressure at night in the fall, a thin layer of ice will form over open water of a lake. If the depth of the body of water is large enough, its color is black and can be seen through the ice, thus the name black ice.
Ice can also be formed by seawater spray and water vapour freezing upon contact with a vessel's superstructure when temperature is low enough. Ice formed in this manner is known as rime. As the formation progress, the aboveboard weight of the vessel increases and may ultimately cause capsizing. Furthermore, rime ice may impede the correct functioning of important navigational instruments on board, such as radar or radio installations. Different strategies for the removal of such ice are employed: chipping away the ice or even using fire hoses in an attempt to remove the ice.
In mountains
Black ice is a significant hazard for climbers and scramblers. Cold weather is common at high altitudes, and black ice quickly forms on rock surfaces. Loss of traction is as sudden and unexpected as on a pavement or road, but can be dangerous if the rock is in an exposed position with a drop below. An ice-axe and crampons are essential use in such circumstances as they will help to prevent a fall, and a belay rope will help to arrest a fall.
See also
Clear ice
Congelation ice
Freezing rain
Jumble ice
Road traffic accident
Sand
References
External links
Is there really such a thing as black ice?, from the Straight Dope staff
Snow or ice weather phenomena
Water ice
Precipitation
Weather hazards
Road hazards
eu:Euri izoztua |
```python
# for complete details.
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
from cryptography import utils
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519 import (
X25519PrivateKey, X25519PublicKey
)
@utils.register_interface(X25519PublicKey)
class _X25519PublicKey(object):
def __init__(self, backend, evp_pkey):
self._backend = backend
self._evp_pkey = evp_pkey
def public_bytes(self):
ucharpp = self._backend._ffi.new("unsigned char **")
res = self._backend._lib.EVP_PKEY_get1_tls_encodedpoint(
self._evp_pkey, ucharpp
)
self._backend.openssl_assert(res == 32)
self._backend.openssl_assert(ucharpp[0] != self._backend._ffi.NULL)
data = self._backend._ffi.gc(
ucharpp[0], self._backend._lib.OPENSSL_free
)
return self._backend._ffi.buffer(data, res)[:]
@utils.register_interface(X25519PrivateKey)
class _X25519PrivateKey(object):
def __init__(self, backend, evp_pkey):
self._backend = backend
self._evp_pkey = evp_pkey
def public_key(self):
bio = self._backend._create_mem_bio_gc()
res = self._backend._lib.i2d_PUBKEY_bio(bio, self._evp_pkey)
self._backend.openssl_assert(res == 1)
evp_pkey = self._backend._lib.d2i_PUBKEY_bio(
bio, self._backend._ffi.NULL
)
self._backend.openssl_assert(evp_pkey != self._backend._ffi.NULL)
evp_pkey = self._backend._ffi.gc(
evp_pkey, self._backend._lib.EVP_PKEY_free
)
return _X25519PublicKey(self._backend, evp_pkey)
def exchange(self, peer_public_key):
if not isinstance(peer_public_key, X25519PublicKey):
raise TypeError("peer_public_key must be X25519PublicKey.")
ctx = self._backend._lib.EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(
self._evp_pkey, self._backend._ffi.NULL
)
self._backend.openssl_assert(ctx != self._backend._ffi.NULL)
ctx = self._backend._ffi.gc(ctx, self._backend._lib.EVP_PKEY_CTX_free)
res = self._backend._lib.EVP_PKEY_derive_init(ctx)
self._backend.openssl_assert(res == 1)
res = self._backend._lib.EVP_PKEY_derive_set_peer(
ctx, peer_public_key._evp_pkey
)
self._backend.openssl_assert(res == 1)
keylen = self._backend._ffi.new("size_t *")
res = self._backend._lib.EVP_PKEY_derive(
ctx, self._backend._ffi.NULL, keylen
)
self._backend.openssl_assert(res == 1)
self._backend.openssl_assert(keylen[0] > 0)
buf = self._backend._ffi.new("unsigned char[]", keylen[0])
res = self._backend._lib.EVP_PKEY_derive(ctx, buf, keylen)
if res != 1:
raise ValueError(
"Null shared key derived from public/private pair."
)
return self._backend._ffi.buffer(buf, keylen[0])[:]
``` |
Anton Christian Jacobæus (1911 in Stockholm, Sweden–1988) was a Swedish electrical engineer, known for his contributions to teletraffic engineering, especially in the design of the modern crossbar switch used for telephone switching.
Jacobæus graduated from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in 1933 with a master's degree in electrical engineering. In 1935 he went to work for L. M. Ericsson, where he would spend his entire professional career. In 1950 he received his doctorate in electrical engineering, also from KTH. His dissertation titled A study of congestion in link systems became instrumental in the efficient design of crossbar switches. He became technical director in 1950, then senior vice president from 1963 until his retirement in 1976. He then continued to serve as a consultant to the company's management.
He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences 1957–88, serving as its vice chairman 1979–81, and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from 1974. He was a fellow of IEEE from 1977.
In 1979, he was awarded the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal.
Christian Jacobæus was the son of Hans Christian Jacobæus.
References
20th-century Swedish engineers
Swedish electrical engineers
Queueing theorists
Ericsson people
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Engineers from Stockholm
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
1911 births
1988 deaths |
Crataegus dahurica is a species of hawthorn native to northeastern Asia. It is closely related to C. sanguinea. The fruit are red or yellow.
See also
List of Crataegus species with yellow fruit
References
dahurica |
Scott Cyrway is an American deputy sheriff and politician from Maine. Cyrway, a Republican from Benton, serves as State Senator from Maine's 16th District, representing the northern part of Kennebec, including the population center of Waterville and the immediate rural part of the county north of Waterville. He was first elected to the Maine State Senate in 2014 over incumbent Democrat Colleen Lachowicz of Waterville.
He began working in Kennebec County Sheriff's Office in 1992. He served as the State Coordinator for the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) program for 22 years prior to serving in the Maine Senate. In the Senate, he served as Senate co-chair of the Veteran's and Legal Affairs Committee.
Maine state senate district 16 election, 2016
In the 2016 Maine state senate district 16 election, incumbent Scott Cryway faced Democratic rival Henry Beck. Cyrway won with 54.2% of the vote.
The primary election took place on June 14, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. Scott Cyrway ran unopposed in the Republican primary.
Political positions
Ranked Choice Voting
Scott Cyrway opposes ranked choice voting.
References
Bibliography
"Scott W. Cyrway" Bangor Daily News
1955 births
Living people
Republican Party Maine state senators
People from Benton, Maine
University of Maine alumni
American deputy sheriffs
21st-century American politicians |
```go
package teammemberships
import (
"errors"
"net/http"
portainer "github.com/portainer/portainer/api"
httperrors "github.com/portainer/portainer/api/http/errors"
"github.com/portainer/portainer/api/http/security"
httperror "github.com/portainer/portainer/pkg/libhttp/error"
"github.com/portainer/portainer/pkg/libhttp/request"
"github.com/portainer/portainer/pkg/libhttp/response"
)
type teamMembershipUpdatePayload struct {
// User identifier
UserID int `validate:"required" example:"1"`
// Team identifier
TeamID int `validate:"required" example:"1"`
// Role for the user inside the team (1 for leader and 2 for regular member)
Role int `validate:"required" example:"1" enums:"1,2"`
}
func (payload *teamMembershipUpdatePayload) Validate(r *http.Request) error {
if payload.UserID == 0 {
return errors.New("Invalid UserID")
}
if payload.TeamID == 0 {
return errors.New("Invalid TeamID")
}
if payload.Role != 1 && payload.Role != 2 {
return errors.New("Invalid role value. Value must be one of: 1 (leader) or 2 (member)")
}
return nil
}
// @id TeamMembershipUpdate
// @summary Update a team membership
// @description Update a team membership. Access is only available to administrators or leaders of the associated team.
// @description **Access policy**: administrator or leaders of the associated team
// @tags team_memberships
// @security ApiKeyAuth
// @security jwt
// @accept json
// @produce json
// @param id path int true "Team membership identifier"
// @param body body teamMembershipUpdatePayload true "Team membership details"
// @success 200 {object} portainer.TeamMembership "Success"
// @failure 400 "Invalid request"
// @failure 403 "Permission denied"
// @failure 404 "TeamMembership not found"
// @failure 500 "Server error"
// @router /team_memberships/{id} [put]
func (handler *Handler) teamMembershipUpdate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *httperror.HandlerError {
membershipID, err := request.RetrieveNumericRouteVariableValue(r, "id")
if err != nil {
return httperror.BadRequest("Invalid membership identifier route variable", err)
}
var payload teamMembershipUpdatePayload
err = request.DecodeAndValidateJSONPayload(r, &payload)
if err != nil {
return httperror.BadRequest("Invalid request payload", err)
}
membership, err := handler.DataStore.TeamMembership().Read(portainer.TeamMembershipID(membershipID))
if handler.DataStore.IsErrObjectNotFound(err) {
return httperror.NotFound("Unable to find a team membership with the specified identifier inside the database", err)
} else if err != nil {
return httperror.InternalServerError("Unable to find a team membership with the specified identifier inside the database", err)
}
securityContext, err := security.RetrieveRestrictedRequestContext(r)
if err != nil {
return httperror.InternalServerError("Unable to retrieve info from request context", err)
}
isLeadingBothTeam := security.AuthorizedTeamManagement(portainer.TeamID(payload.TeamID), securityContext) &&
security.AuthorizedTeamManagement(membership.TeamID, securityContext)
if !(securityContext.IsAdmin || isLeadingBothTeam) {
return httperror.Forbidden("Permission denied to update the membership", httperrors.ErrResourceAccessDenied)
}
membership.UserID = portainer.UserID(payload.UserID)
membership.TeamID = portainer.TeamID(payload.TeamID)
membership.Role = portainer.MembershipRole(payload.Role)
err = handler.DataStore.TeamMembership().Update(membership.ID, membership)
if err != nil {
return httperror.InternalServerError("Unable to persist membership changes inside the database", err)
}
defer handler.updateUserServiceAccounts(membership)
return response.JSON(w, membership)
}
``` |
Alfred Ryan Nerz is an American gonzo journalist from Columbus, Indiana. He is also an author of two books that were featured in The New York Times Book review and Entertainment Weekly.
Career
He freelanced for NPR, Esquire, History channel and Huffpost. He also wrote for several other media outlets including The village voice and Time Out New York. He works for Fusion as a reporter about America’s weed subculture.
Nerz joined International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE - later Major League eating) as an emcee in 2003.
He published his book Eat This Book after a year of working as a moderator for eating competitions. It is an account about competitive eating events that are sanctioned by Major League Eating.
His book Marijuanamerica revolves around America’s current weed subculture in relation to the counterculture of the 60s.
After publishing his book, Fusion hired Nerz and named him Chief Cannabis correspondent. Nerz covers the news of the cannabis market and the change of its legal status throughout the United States.
Books
Eat this book: A year of Gorging and Glory on the Competitive Circuit.
Marijuanamerica: Why America Loves Weed.
References
Living people
American freelance journalists
American reporters and correspondents
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Syllepis marialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Poey in 1832. It is found in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Bahamas and Costa Rica.
The wingspan is 20–21 mm.
References
Moths described in 1832
Spilomelinae |
Chris West (born 1954) is a British writer. He works in a range of genres: business, psychology, history and crime / general fiction. His four mysteries written in the 1990s were among the first crime novels to be set in the contemporary People's Republic of China.
Biography
After studying economics and philosophy at the London School of Economics, West travelled in China, leading to his first book, Journey to the Middle Kingdom in 1991. Following that, he wrote the four crime novels featuring Wang Anzhuang, a mid-ranking detective in the Beijing Xing Zhen Ke (Criminal Investigation Department) and his wife, Rosina Lin, a nurse at the Capital Hospital. In 2020, these were reissued with new titles and Wang's name changed to Bao Zheng (a reference to a hero of traditional Chinese detective stories from the Song Dynasty).
On completing this series, West concentrated on co-authoring books aimed at entrepreneurs and small businesses, the first of which was The Beermat Entrepreneur, co-authored with entrepreneur and speaker Mike Southon (Southon and West were both members of The Oxcentrics, an Oxford-based Dixieland jazz band, in which West played the drums.). This book was reissued in 2018 in an updated edition.
As a solo author he wrote Marketing on a Beermat and a guide to good, clear writing, Perfect Written English.
He has recently written social history, using everyday objects as 'ways in' to the subject. First Class, a History of Britain in 36 Postage Stamps was published in 2012, and A History of America in 36 Postage Stamps followed in 2013. Eurovision! A History of Modern Europe through the World's Greatest Song Contest was published in Spring 2017 and an updated version issued in 2020.
His first psychology book is The Karpman Drama Triangle Explained.
As a fiction writer he has published three novellas, two under the pseudonym Lytchett Maltravers.
West is married with one daughter and lives in North Hertfordshire.
Books
Journey to the Middle Kingdom, Simon & Schuster, 1991. Allison and Busby, 2000.
Death of a Blue Lantern, Collins Crime 1994, Allison and Busby, 1999 and 2008.
Death on Black Dragon River, Collins Crime, 1995
Red Mandarin, Collins Crime, 1997
The Third Messiah Allison and Busby, 2000
The Beermat Entrepreneur: Turn a Good Idea into a Great Business, Mike Southon and Chris West. Prentice Hall, 2002. (Reissued several times.)
Myths about Doing Business in China, Harold Chee and Chris West, Palgrave, 2004
The Boardroom Entrepreneur, Mike Southon and Chris West. Random House Business Books, 2005.
Sales on a Beermat, Mike Southon and Chris West. Random House Business Books, 2005.
Finance on a Beermat, Stephen King, Jeff Macklin and Chris West. Random House Business Books, 2006.
Marketing on a Beermat, Random House, 2008
Perfect Written English, Random House, 2008
Think like an Entrepreneur, Robbie Steinhouse and Chris West, Prentice Hall, 2008.
First Class, A History of Britain in 36 Postage Stamps, Square Peg, 2012
A History of America in Thirty-six Postage Stamps, Picador, 2014
What's the Bloody Point of It All?, CWTK, 2019
Eurovision! A History of Modern Europe through the World's Greatest Song Contest, Melville House, 2017 and 2020
What's the Bloody Point of It All?, CWTK, 2019
The Karpman Drama Triangle Explained: A Guide for Coaches, Managers, Trainers, Therapists and Everybody Else, CWTK 2020
Footpath to Heaven (as Lytchett Maltravers), CWTK, 2020
The Beijing Opera Murder, Sharpe Books, 2020
The Hungry Ghost Murder, Sharpe Books, 2020
The Red Mandarin Murder, Sharpe Books, 2020
The Heavenly Kingdom Murder, Sharpe Books, 2020
Twenty Sonnets, CWTK, 2020
Unexpected Alien in Bagging Area (as Lytchett Maltravers), CWTK 2021
References
External links
Chris West author website
NLP training course in London co-designed by Chris West
1954 births
Living people
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British travel writers
British non-fiction writers
British male drummers
20th-century British novelists
21st-century British writers
British male novelists
20th-century British male writers
Oxcentrics members
Male non-fiction writers |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.