text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
Lyclene postseriata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 2001. It is found on Borneo. The habitat consists of lowland and lower montane forests on limestone.
The length of the forewings is 9–10 mm.
References
Nudariina
Moths described in 2001
Moths of Asia |
```xml
/**
* All rights reserved.
*
* This source code is licensed under the MIT-style license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*/
#import "RNSVGRenderableManager.h"
#import <React/RCTBridge.h>
#import <React/RCTUIManager.h>
#import <React/RCTUIManagerUtils.h>
#import "RNSVGPathMeasure.h"
#import "RCTConvert+RNSVG.h"
#import "RNSVGCGFCRule.h"
@implementation RNSVGRenderableManager
RCT_EXPORT_MODULE()
- (RNSVGRenderable *)node
{
return [RNSVGRenderable new];
}
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(fill, RNSVGBrush)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(fillOpacity, CGFloat)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(fillRule, RNSVGCGFCRule)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(stroke, RNSVGBrush)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(strokeOpacity, CGFloat)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(strokeWidth, RNSVGLength *)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(strokeLinecap, CGLineCap)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(strokeLinejoin, CGLineJoin)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(strokeDasharray, NSArray<RNSVGLength *>)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(strokeDashoffset, CGFloat)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(strokeMiterlimit, CGFloat)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(vectorEffect, int)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(propList, NSArray<NSString *>)
RCT_EXPORT_VIEW_PROPERTY(filter, NSString)
@end
``` |
Maitreyi Devi (or Maitreyī Devī; 1 September 1914 – 29 January 1989) was an Indian poet and novelist. She is best known for her Sahitya Akademi Award-winning novel, Na Hanyate ().
Biography
Devi was born in 1914. She was the daughter of philosopher Surendranath Dasgupta and protégée of poet Rabindranath Tagore. She studied in St. John's Diocesan Girls' Higher Secondary School, Calcutta (now Kolkata) and graduated from the Jogamaya Devi College, an affiliated undergraduate women's college of the historic University of Calcutta, in Kolkata. She published her first book of poetry in 1930, at age 16, with a preface by Tagore.
By this time she was already attending university, and that year the Romanian intellectual Mircea Eliade was invited by her father to stay at their house. After several months, when her parents discovered the 23-year-old Eliade and Devi had an intimate relationship, Eliade was told to leave and never contact her again.
She married Dr. Manmohan Sen when she was 20 and he was 34. They had two children together.
In 1938 and 1939, she invited Rabindranath Tagore to stay in her and her husband's house in Mungpoo near Kalimpong, which later became the Rabindra Museum. Her works include Mongpute Rabindranath (Tagore by The Fire Side), a record of his visit with her.
She was the founder of the Council for the Promotion of Communal Harmony in 1964, and vice-president of the All-India Women's Coordinating Council. She also established orphanages.
In 1972, she learned Mircea Eliade had written the novel Bengal Nights, that purported to describe a sexual relationship between them. According to Richard Eder, writing for the Los Angeles Times, "he turned what evidently were fervent but limited caresses into a lavishly sexual affair, with Maitreyi paying nightly bedroom visits as a kind of mystically inflamed Hindu goddess of love." In late 1972, she published a collection of poems, Aditya Marichi (Sun Rays), which reference Eliade, and according to Ginu Kamani, writing for the Toronto Review, "reflect the turbulence she felt at dealing, at the age of fifty eight, forty-two years after the fact of their involvement, with the old passions of her youth."
After traveling to the University of Chicago to give lectures on Tagore, where Eliade was a professor, and meeting with Eliade several times, she released her novel Na Hanyate (It Does Not Die: A Romance) in 1974, which won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1976. Nina Mehta, in a review for the Chicago Tribune, writes, "Devi rubbishes the sex scenes and a few particulars in Eliade's novel, claiming that Alain's confessional tone elides the truth, that his memory implies false facts. Yet ironically, and perhaps waggishly, she answers Eliade's fiction by giving a larger credence to the fantasy he created."
It Does Not Die and Bengal Nights were republished in 1994 as companion volumes by the University of Chicago Press, although Kamani writes, "Astonishing as it might sound given the sleight-of-hand dictated by marketing decisions at the University of Chicago Press, Devi's "response" was written to stand on its own." The book has been translated into various European languages, including Romanian. In the 1980s, an adaptation of Bengal Nights was developed into a film, starring Hugh Grant and Supriya Pathak, and Devi challenged the film, first by insisting that the name of the character Maitreyi be changed to Gayatri, and later in lawsuits that delayed production. By 1996, the film had not been released in India nor the United States.
Awards
She received Sahitya Akademi Award in the year 1976 for her novel Na Hanyate.
Publications
Tagore by Fireside, 1943
Rabindranath—The Man behind His Poetry, 1973
It Does Not Die: A Romance, 1974
রবীন্দ্রনাথ গৃহে ও বিশ্বে (Rabindranath at home and in the world)
মংপুতে রবীন্দ্রনাথ (Rabindranath at Mangpu)
See also
List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Bengali
References
1914 births
1990 deaths
Bengali novelists
Bengali female poets
Rabindranath Tagore
Jogamaya Devi College alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Indian women novelists
Women writers from West Bengal
20th-century Indian poets
Writers from Chittagong
Indian women poets
Poets from West Bengal
20th-century Indian novelists
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
20th-century Indian women writers
Novelists from West Bengal
Writers from Kolkata |
Mark Ferguson is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward for Tranmere Rovers.
References
1960 births
Living people
Footballers from Liverpool
Men's association football forwards
English men's footballers
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Scarborough F.C. players
Northwich Victoria F.C. players
English Football League players |
Maria Ersdotter (1685 – 19 July 1721) was a Swedish woman executed for incest after having a child with her former stepson.
Background
On 16 November 1720, Maria, the widow of the military furir Nils Dullfjär (d. 1718), gave birth to a child two years after the death of her husband. The child, a son, was weak and a priest was called upon to baptize it the day after. On his way to the farm, the mother of Maria told the priest that the father of the child was corporal Albrekt Nilsson Dullfjär, her 24-year-old former stepson; his mother had been the first wife of Maria's husband. When the priest arrived to the farm, he asked Maria who the father was. She did not wish to answer, but finally, he managed to make her admit that the father was her former stepson. The priest then forced her to repeat her confession; first to her relatives, and then in front of three other witnesses, before the child was baptized.
Trial and execution
The 12 January 1721, Maria Ersdotter and Albrekt Dullfjär were put on trial for incest, a crime which during this period was still punishable by death. According to the law of religion, founded on the words of the Bible, it did not matter that they were in fact not blood relatives; relations by marriage were counted as equivalent to relations by blood, and therefore, Maria and Albrekt were to be judged as if they were biologically mother and son.
Maria's maids testified that Albrekt, during his leave of absence from the army, often wanted to stay on the farm of his former stepmother, and that they seemed to be in love with each other, and even slept in the same bed occasionally, though, as one maid said; "Yes, you could plainly see that they wanted to be with each other, but could not because of their ties"; Maria and Albrekt were both, as it seemed, well liked. Albrekt himself answered that although he might have shared bed with Maria "in youthful vanity", they had not done more than that. The court decided to take a pause so that Albrekt could be interrogated by two priests. When he returned, he confessed with the words, "Be that as it may, I admit that it is true."
The court judged Maria and Albrekt guilty of incest and sentenced them to death in keeping with the penalty prescribed for the offense in verse 11 chapter 20, of the biblical Book of Leviticus. The sentence was confirmed by the high court, and the 19 July 1721, Maria and Albrekt were executed together by decapitation.
Context
In the 18th century people were still executed for incest even when they were not related by blood, because relations by marriage were considered by religious criteria to be equivalent to blood relatives. There was a similar case in Västmanland, where Brita Johansdotter ran away from her husband with her stepson Mats, four years younger than herself, in 1739; they lived in the wilderness together until they were captured, put on trial in Västerås and decapitated in 1741. Sexual relationship with all kinds of in-laws were considered incestuous by the church: Oluf Svensson and the wife of his uncle, Anna Olufsdotter, were executed in 1704, Erik Ohlsson and his sister-in-law Karin Andersdotter were executed in 1721, Dordi Rasmusdotter and her brother-in-law in 1724, and as late as 1797 Caisa Larsdotter was decapitated for having sex with her father-in-law.
References
http://www.genealogi.se/avrattade/search.php
Hammerdals tingslags Dombok
Brastad kyrkobok 1703–1729 (vol. C:1, pag. 312)
Orsa dödbok
Västerbottens länsräkenskaper 1704
Smedby C:3 dödbok
1685 births
1721 deaths
Executed Swedish people
Executed Swedish women
1721 crimes in Europe
18th-century Swedish farmers
18th-century women farmers
18th-century executions by Sweden
People from the Swedish Empire
People convicted of incest
People executed by Sweden by decapitation
Female sex offenders |
Enrique O'Neil was Mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico, from 1866 to 1867.
Mayoral term
Enrique O'Neil is best known for having adopted a complete plan for urban remodeling for the city of Ponce in 1867. The plan was adopted with the help of Spanish military engineer Félix D'Ors. It was influenced by remodeling plans in Paris, Barcelona, and Madrid. Part of the legacy of that plan are the chamfered street corners evident throughout the city. Jorge Rigau has stated that these features "signaled the city's coming of age as a modern urban entity."
See also
List of mayors of Ponce, Puerto Rico
List of Puerto Ricans
References
Further reading
Ramon Marin. Las Fiestas Populares de Ponce. Editorial Universidad de Puerto Rico. 1994.
External links
Guardia Civil española (c. 1898) (Includes military ranks in 1880s Spanish Empire.)
Mayors of Ponce, Puerto Rico
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing |
Norape draudti is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by Walter Hopp in 1927. It is found in Mexico.
References
Moths described in 1927
Megalopygidae |
Skanstull, formerly known as Ringvägen, is a station on the Green line of the Stockholm metro. It is situated in the district of Södermalm in central Stockholm, at the intersection of and Götgatan. The station has a single island platform, which is about below the street, and has two ticket halls, with access from the junctions of Götgatan with Ringvägen and . The distance to Slussen is .
Skanstull is, along with Medborgarplatsen, the oldest underground station on the metro, actually predating that system by some years. The station lies in the , a tunnel originally built in 1933 for use by routes 8 and 19 of the Stockholm tramway. On 1 October 1950, it became part of Stockholm's first metro line when the Södertunneln was adapted to become part of the line from Slussen south to Hökarängen, and the station was remodelled to full metro standard. Originally known as Ringvägen, the station took its current name when it reopened as part of the metro. The entrance at Allhelgonagatan was opened on 21 November 1957, the station was rebuilt in 2003–2004, and the platform was upgraded in 2009.
Gallery
References
External links
Images of Skanstull by Thomas Flachsbinder
Green line (Stockholm metro) stations
Railway stations opened in 1933
Railway stations opened in 1950
1933 establishments in Sweden
1950 establishments in Sweden
Railway stations in Sweden opened in the 1930s |
Bifidocarpus is a genus of fungi within the Onygenaceae family.
References
External links
Bifidocarpus at Index Fungorum
Onygenales
Eurotiomycetes genera |
```shell
#!/usr/bin/env bash
##########################################################################
# This is the Cake bootstrapper script for Linux and OS X.
# This file was downloaded from path_to_url
# Feel free to change this file to fit your needs.
##########################################################################
# Define directories.
SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )
TOOLS_DIR=$SCRIPT_DIR/tools
NUGET_EXE=$TOOLS_DIR/nuget.exe
CAKE_EXE=$TOOLS_DIR/Cake/Cake.exe
PACKAGES_CONFIG=$TOOLS_DIR/packages.config
PACKAGES_CONFIG_MD5=$TOOLS_DIR/packages.config.md5sum
# Define md5sum or md5 depending on Linux/OSX
MD5_EXE=
if [[ "$(uname -s)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
MD5_EXE="md5 -r"
else
MD5_EXE="md5sum"
fi
# Define default arguments.
SCRIPT="build.cake"
TARGET="Default"
CONFIGURATION="Release"
VERBOSITY="verbose"
DRYRUN=
SHOW_VERSION=false
SCRIPT_ARGUMENTS=()
# Parse arguments.
for i in "$@"; do
case $1 in
-s|--script) SCRIPT="$2"; shift ;;
-t|--target) TARGET="$2"; shift ;;
-c|--configuration) CONFIGURATION="$2"; shift ;;
-v|--verbosity) VERBOSITY="$2"; shift ;;
-d|--dryrun) DRYRUN="-dryrun" ;;
--version) SHOW_VERSION=true ;;
--) shift; SCRIPT_ARGUMENTS+=("$@"); break ;;
*) SCRIPT_ARGUMENTS+=("$1") ;;
esac
shift
done
# Make sure the tools folder exist.
if [ ! -d "$TOOLS_DIR" ]; then
mkdir "$TOOLS_DIR"
fi
# Make sure that packages.config exist.
if [ ! -f "$TOOLS_DIR/packages.config" ]; then
echo "Downloading packages.config..."
curl -Lsfo "$TOOLS_DIR/packages.config" path_to_url
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "An error occured while downloading packages.config."
exit 1
fi
fi
# Download NuGet if it does not exist.
if [ ! -f "$NUGET_EXE" ]; then
echo "Downloading NuGet..."
curl -Lsfo "$NUGET_EXE" path_to_url
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "An error occured while downloading nuget.exe."
exit 1
fi
fi
# Restore tools from NuGet.
pushd "$TOOLS_DIR" >/dev/null
if [ ! -f $PACKAGES_CONFIG_MD5 ] || [ "$( cat $PACKAGES_CONFIG_MD5 | sed 's/\r$//' )" != "$( $MD5_EXE $PACKAGES_CONFIG | awk '{ print $1 }' )" ]; then
find . -type d ! -name . | xargs rm -rf
fi
mono "$NUGET_EXE" install -ExcludeVersion
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Could not restore NuGet packages."
exit 1
fi
$MD5_EXE $PACKAGES_CONFIG | awk '{ print $1 }' >| $PACKAGES_CONFIG_MD5
popd >/dev/null
# Make sure that Cake has been installed.
if [ ! -f "$CAKE_EXE" ]; then
echo "Could not find Cake.exe at '$CAKE_EXE'."
exit 1
fi
# Start Cake
if $SHOW_VERSION; then
exec mono "$CAKE_EXE" -version
else
exec mono "$CAKE_EXE" $SCRIPT -verbosity=$VERBOSITY -configuration=$CONFIGURATION -target=$TARGET $DRYRUN "${SCRIPT_ARGUMENTS[@]}"
fi
``` |
Pak Yŏnggyu () was a Korean general who served Later Baekje. He was the son-in-law of its king, having married Kyŏn Hwŏn's daughter. When Kyon Hwon escaped to the rival kingdom of Goryeo after being overthrown by his son, Pak also defected to Goryeo. Pak was the father of Lady Dongsanwon, Queen Mungong, and Queen Munseong.
Life
In March 935, Pak Yonggyu's father-in-law, Kyon Hwon was overthrown in a palace coup and imprisoned at Geumsansa Temple (금산사, 金山寺) by his oldest son, Kyŏn Sin-gŏm, then in June, Kyon Hwon escaped and fled to Goryeo. In September 936, after secretly discussing and consulting with his wife, Princess Kyŏn Aebok, Pak sent an envoy to Goryeo to express his intention to defect and said that he would welcome the Goryeo army. Goryeo's king, Wang Kon, then rejoiced greatly about this and treated that messenger generously and sent him back to Pak. Later, when Wang Kon finally won in attacked the Later Baekje, Pak helped to contribute to the unification of Later Three Kingdoms.
After this, Wang Kon rewarded Pak Yonggyu with land of an area of 1,000 kyŏng (1,000경(頃)). Wang Kon also granted Pak's wife with 35 horses (역마 35필) and gave their two sons government posts. Due to Pak's contribution in helping Wang establish the new Goryeo Dynasty, Pak then officially titled as one of the Three Major Grand Lords (삼중대광, 三重大匡), along with Yu Ch'on-gung and Hwangbo Chegong.
Since Pak was the one of Three Major Grand Lords, both him and his wife had a good relationship with Taejo of Goryeo, they regarded and treated each other like siblings. Because of this too, Pak's oldest daughter became 17th wife of Taejo and his other two daughters became the first and second wives of Taejo's son, Jeongjong of Goryeo.
Family
Wife: Princess Kyŏn Aebok
Mr. Bak (박씨) – 1st son.
Mr. Bak (박씨) – 2nd son.
Lady Dongsanwon – 1st daughter.
Queen Mungong – 2nd daughter.
Queen Munseong – 3rd daughter.
In popular culture
Portrayed by Im Hyuk-joo in the 2000–2002 KBS1 TV series Taejo Wang Geon.
Portrayed by Kim Sang-soon in the 2002–2003 KBS TV series The Dawn of the Empire.
Portrayed by Choi Byung-mo in the 2016 SBS TV series Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo.
See also
Who also held the title as Samjung Daegwang:
Yu Chon-gung
Hwangbo Je-gong
References
External links
Bak Yeong-gyu on Encykorea .
Bak Yeong-gyu on Doosan Encyclopedia .
Bak Yeong-gyu on Goryeosa .
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Date of birth unknown
Date of death unknown
Place of birth unknown
Place of death unknown
Later Baekje people
Silla people
Goryeo people |
The 1953 A Group was the fifth season of the A Football Group, the top Bulgarian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1948.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Levski Sofia won the championship.
League standings
Results
Champions
Levski Sofia
Top scorers
References
External links
Bulgaria - List of final tables (RSSSF)
1953 Statistics of A Group at a-pfg.com
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) seasons
Bulgaria
1
Bulgaria
1 |
```java
package com.ctrip.xpipe.exception;
/**
* @author wenchao.meng
*
* 2016324 2:58:53
*/
public class XpipeRuntimeException extends RuntimeException implements ErrorMessageAware{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private ErrorMessage<?> errorMessage;
private boolean onlyLogMessage = false;
public XpipeRuntimeException(String message){
super(message);
}
public XpipeRuntimeException(String message, Throwable th){
super(message, th);
}
public <T extends Enum<T>> XpipeRuntimeException(ErrorMessage<T> errorMessage, Throwable th){
super(errorMessage.toString(), th);
this.errorMessage = errorMessage;
}
@Override
public ErrorMessage<?> getErrorMessage() {
return errorMessage;
}
public void setErrorMessage(ErrorMessage<?> errorMessage) {
this.errorMessage = errorMessage;
}
public boolean isOnlyLogMessage() {
return onlyLogMessage;
}
public void setOnlyLogMessage(boolean onlyLogMessage) {
this.onlyLogMessage = onlyLogMessage;
}
}
``` |
The Secretariat of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was in session from 1976 to 1981.
Members
References
External links
Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Узкий состав ЦК РСДРП(б) - Политическое бюро ЦК РСДРП(б) - Бюро ЦК РСДРП(б) - РКП(б) - Политическое бюро ЦК РКП(б) - ВКП(б) - Президиум - Политическое бюро ЦК КПСС). Handbook on History of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898–1991.
Secretariat of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
Sculptured is an American experimental and progressive metal band, mixing melodic and atonal segments.
Biography
Following the dissolution of his previous band, guitarist Don Anderson began Sculptured as mostly a one-man project in 1996. With the help of John Schlegel (drums) and Brian Yager (clean vocals), Sculptured recorded their first and only demo Fulfillment in Tragedy (1996). The demo secured them a deal with Poland's Mad Lion Records for their debut album The Spear of the Lily is Aureoled (1998). The debut was eventually licensed to the brand new The End Records for North America and was the 4th release by the record label. The debut combined the demo recordings with four new songs that were recorded at the same studio (Soundtracks) with the same engineer (Ronn Chick).
During this same time the band recorded a cover of Iron Maiden's "Iron Maiden" for an Iron Maiden tribute album that also doubled as an American metal complication titled Maiden America: Iron Maiden Tribute (Twilight Records, 1998). The band's version of the song featured a doomy and slower intro with nylon string guitars, and a jazz/swing middle part featuring trumpet.
Now completely signed worldwide to The End Records, Sculptured completed their sophomore recording Apollo Ends (2000). This album expanded the use of brass instruments started with the debut and placed a greater emphasis on atonality and dissonance. The core lineup for Apollo Ends was Don Anderson (guitars, vocals), Brian Yager (clean vocals), Jason Walton (bass), and John Haughm (drums). This was also the core lineup for John Haughm's main project at the time, Agalloch (minus Yager). During this period the trio simultaneously rehearsed and recorded both Agalloch's Pale Folklore (1999) and Sculptured's Apollo Ends.
In 2001 the band (Anderson, Yager, and Haughm) recorded a cover of Goblin's main theme from the film Suspiria for a Goblin tribute album that was never released. This cover was released on The End Records' sampler Phases: the Dark Side of Music (2002).
Sculptured would not record their third album until 2008. The lineup changed once again with the addition of Dave Murray (drums), Andy Winter (keyboards), Tom Walling (vocals), and returning bassist Jason Walton. Embodiment (2008) was composed predominantly with atonal and serialist techniques using what Anderson called 4-tone row matrices.
From 2008 to 2021 Sculptured was dormant as Anderson focused his time and energy on Agalloch who were quickly growing in popularity and touring regularly. However, Anderson mentions that he "had ideas going since 2010." Following Agalloch's breakup in 2016, Anderson quickly completed what would become 2021's The Liminal Phase. However, the three members of Agalloch: Anderson, Walton, and Aesop desired to continue as a working band and began working with Aaron Gregory of Giant Squid on a new project called Khôrada. This project was signed to Prophecy Productions and released one album, 2018's Salt and played a handful of shows before disbanding. Now, with only Sculptured as his main project, Anderson completed the recording for The Liminal Phase which was released on August 27, 2021, by BMG. The lineup features returning longtime bassist Jason Walton and keyboardist Andy Winter, drummer Martti Hill (Barrowlands), and vocalist Marius Sjoli.
Discography
Full-length albums
The Spear of the Lily is Aureoled (1998)
Apollo Ends (2000)
Embodiment (2008)
The Liminal Phase (2021)
Compilations
Until the End of Time: An End Records Compilation (1998)
Maiden America: Iron Maiden Tribute (1998)
White: Nightmares in the End: An End Records Compilation (1999)
Phases: the Dark Side of Music: An End Records Compilation (2002)
Personnel
Current members
Don Anderson - guitar, vocals
Marius Sjoli - vocals
Jason Walton - bass guitar
Martti Hill - drums
Andy Winter - keyboards
Past members
Burke Harris - trumpet
John Haughm - drums (Agalloch)
Clint Idsinga - trombone
Chris Maycock - drums
John Schlegel - drums
Brian Yager - vocals
Tom Walling - vocals
Dave Murray - drums
References
External links
Facebook site
Heavy metal musical groups from Washington (state)
American avant-garde metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1996 |
IBM Power Systems is a family of server computers from IBM that are based on its Power processors. It was created in 2008 as a merger of the System p and System i product lines.
History
IBM had two distinct POWER- and PowerPC-based hardware lines since the early 1990s:
Servers running processors based on the IBM PowerPC-AS architecture in the AS/400 family (later known as iSeries, then System i) running OS/400 (later known as i5/OS, and now IBM i)
Servers and workstations using POWER and PowerPC processors in the RS/6000 family (later known as pSeries, then System p), running IBM AIX and Linux on Power.
After the introduction of the POWER4 processor in 2001, there was little difference between both the "p" and the "i" hardware; the only differences were in the software and services offerings. With the introduction of the POWER5 processor in 2004, even the product numbering was synchronized. The System i5 570 was virtually identical to the System p5 570.
In April 2008, IBM officially merged the two lines of servers and workstations under the same name, Power, and later Power Systems, with identical hardware and a choice of operating systems, software, and service contracts, based formerly on a POWER6 architecture. The PowerPC line was discontinued.
With Release 8 of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, IBM has completed transition of POWER8 and POWER9 servers to little-endian mode for Linux. AIX and IBM i continue to run in big-endian mode.
Systems
IBM Power Systems models:
2008/2009
BladeCenter JS12 Express
BladeCenter JS22 Express
BladeCenter JS23 Express
BladeCenter JS43 Express
Power 520 Express
Power 550 Express
Power 560 Express
Power 570
Power 575
Power 595
2010
BladeCenter PS700 Express
BladeCenter PS701 Express
BladeCenter PS702 Express
Power 710/730 Express (8231-E2B) (1~2 4, 6 or 8-core POWER7 CPUs)
Power 720 Express (8202-E4B) (4, 6 or 8-core POWER7 CPU)
Power 740 Express (8205-E6B) (1~2 4, 6 or 8-core POWER7 CPUs)
Power 750 Express (8233-E8B) (1~4 6 or 8-core POWER7 CPUs)
Power 755 (8236-E8C) (4 8-core POWER7 CPUs) for high-performance computing (HPC)
Power 770
Power 780
Power 795
2011
Power 710 Express (8231-E1C) (4, 6 or 8-core POWER7 CPU)
Power 720 Express (8202-E4C) (4, 6 or 8-core POWER7 CPU)
Power 730 Express (8231-E2C) (2 4, 6 or 8-core POWER7 CPUs)
Power 740 Express (8205-E6C) (1~2 4, 6 or 8-core POWER7 CPUs)
Power 775 also known as PERCS
2012
Flex System p260
Flex System p460
Flex System p24L (Linux only)
2013
Power 710 Express (8231-E1D) (4, 6 or 8-core POWER7+ CPU)
Power 720 Express (8202-E4D) (4, 6 or 8-core POWER7+ CPU)
Power 730 Express (8231-E2D) (2 6 or 8-core POWER7+ CPUs)
Power 740 Express (8205-E6D) (1~2 6 or 8-core POWER7+ CPUs)
Power 750 Express (8408-E8D) (1~4 8-core POWER7+ DCMs)
Power 760 (9109-RMD) (1~4 12-core POWER7+ DCMs)
2014
Power Systems S821LC and S821LC
Power Systems S822 and S822L
Power Systems S814
Power Systems S824 and S824L
Power Systems E870
Power Systems E880
2015
Power Systems E850
Power Systems S812L and S812LC
Power Systems S822LC
2017
Power Systems AC922
Power Systems LC922
Power Systems IC922
Power Systems L922
Power Systems S914
Power Systems S922
Power Systems S924
Power Systems H922
Power Systems H924
Power Systems E950
Power Systems E980
2021
Power E1080
2022
Power S1014
Power S1022s
Power S1022
Power S1024
IBM PowerVM provides the virtualisation solution for Power Systems servers.
See also
IBM BladeCenter
PureSystems
References
External links
Power Systems (Power Systems for UNIX, and Linux Clients) – IBM.com
IBM Power Systems Redbooks
It's Official: Now We're Power Systems and i for Business – ITjungle.com
Hardware, OS Get New Names--And That's a Good Thing – IBM Systems Magazine.com
IBM IT Infrastructure web page
IBM Systems Power Systems Magazine
IBM server computers
AS/400
Computer-related introductions in 2008 |
Maximum II is Japanese dance unit, MAX's second album. It was released on December 25, 1997, by record label, avex trax. The album is a departure from their debut effort completely void of the Eurobeat sound that made the group popular instead filled with slick R&B influenced pop numbers and ballads. The album peaked at #2 on the Oricon charts, but had their best opening sales number with over 700,000 units sold. First pressings of the album included a slipcase and six month calendar.
Track list
MAX (band) albums
1997 albums
Avex Group albums |
Charles Ridley Duppuy (杜培義, 22 September 188126 September 1944) was an Anglican bishop.
Early life and career
He was born on 22 September 1881, the son of a priest (C. Duppuy), and educated at Keble College, Oxford.
He was ordained in 1904 (the last year before the Diocese of Birmingham was founded) and his first post was as a curate in Aston; after which he was Vicar of Christchurch, Bradford.
Chaplain
Duppuy was released from his post in Bradford to serve for 13 months as a Temporary Chaplain to the Forces from January 1918. He was described in his interview with the Chaplain-General as ‘manly, quick, keen...’ and was posted to France attached to the 42nd Division Royal Artillery. A Report described him as a priest of great energy and boundless enthusiasm. He had organising ability and was businesslike and very conscientious ‘a wonderful influence amongst officers and men. One of the best chaplains in the army’. The Deputy Chaplain-General was less laudatory regarding Duppuy as ‘satisfactory’ and ‘No great speaker or preacher’. Duppuy was demobilised in March, 1919.
Bishop
Appointed Bishop of Victoria, Hong Kong in 1920 he resigned in 1932 to take up an appointment in Britain as a Canon residentiary of Worcester Cathedral. He remained Canon until his death, but added to it the posts of Assistant Bishop of Worcester from 1936, Archdeacon of Worcester from 1938 and Vice-Dean of the cathedral from 1940. He died on 26 September 1944.
References
1881 births
Archdeacons of Worcester
Alumni of Keble College, Oxford
Anglican bishops of Victoria, Hong Kong
20th-century Anglican bishops in China
1944 deaths |
RFA Abbeydale (A109) was a fleet tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and was originally one of six ships ordered by the British Tanker Co which were purchased on the stocks by the Admiralty. She was built by Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd and launched on 28 December 1936. Abbeydale served until being decommissioned on 18 September 1959 and laid up at HMNB Devonport. She was then sold for scrapping, arriving at the Thos. W. Ward breakers' yards at Barrow-in-Furness on 4 September 1960.
Career
Ordered by the British Tanker Company in 1936, Abbeydale was built by Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd, Wallsend and launched on 28 December 1936. She was taken over by the Admiralty on 4 March 1937 after completing her sea trials, and on 5 March 1937 sailed from the River Tyne bound for Trinidad on her maiden voyage. She made several voyages between Abadan on the Persian Gulf, and on the outbreak of the Second World War she was returning to the UK from Australia and New Zealand. She sailed to Trinidad in October 1939 and in December was at Kingston, Jamaica. On 29 December 1939 the German newspaper Bremer Zeituag falsely reported Abbeydale as one of a number of ships that had been sunk. Early 1940 was spent in the Caribbean and Pacific, calling at Callao, Colón, Kingston and Bermuda. On 30 March 1940 she caught fire at Bermuda while moored alongside RFA Orangeleaf. Both ships were damaged.
Abbeydale returned to the UK in May 1940. She was refitted on the River Clyde in November and December 1940, returning to the Caribbean in early 1941. From there she operated in the South Atlantic, calling at Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo and Port Stanley, Falkland Islands. She underwent repairs at Trinidad in September 1941 and at New Orleans from December 1941 to January 1942. Abbeydale arrived at Freetown in February 1942, and sailed from there to Saint Helena. She operated from Saint Helena and into the Atlantic over the next few months, refuelling Royal Navy warships. In October she was refitted at Gibraltar as a defensively equipped merchant ship and in November was assigned to support Operation Torch, the allied invasion of North Africa. For her service she was awarded the battle honour "North Africa 1942". She sustained some damage that month after colliding with a sunken wreck off Oran, damage that had been repaired by December. In January 1943 Abbeydale returned to the UK to undergo more thorough repairs and refitting, and in March sailed for New York with a convoy, before returning to the Mediterranean with a convoy the following month.
In May 1943 she was assigned to Operation Husky, the allied invasion of Sicily. On 18 June 1943 Abbeydale sailed from Gibraltar bound for Alexandria in Convoy XTG 2. On 27 June 1943 she was torpedoed by U-73 off the Algerian coast. There were no fatalities, but Abbeydale was severely damaged, breaking in two. HMS Salvestor towed the damaged vessel to Algiers, with both parts later towed to Taranto dockyard, the aft section arriving on 14 October 1944 and the fore section on 18 October 1944. Work to reunite the halves did not begin until 30 May 1945, and the repaired Abbeydale did not return to service until June 1946.
Postwar, Abbeydale spent most of her time sailing between the UK, the Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean and the Pacific, with occasional visits to the Caribbean. On 19 June 1954, while sailing from Finnart to the Persian Gulf, she was involved in a collision with the British steamer Charles Dickens at Aden. The Charles Dickens struck the moored Abbeydale while attempting to berth, with both vessels sustaining some damage. On 18 September 1959 Abbeydale was laid up at Devonport, and was put up for sale on 5 July 1960. She was sold on 11 August 1960 to British Iron & Steel Corporation for scrapping, and on 4 September 1960 arrived under tow from the tug Campaigner at Thos. W. Ward breakers' yards at Barrow-in-Furness. Her scrapping began on 14 September 1960.
Citations
References
Dale-class oilers
Tankers of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
1936 ships
Maritime incidents in June 1943
Ships built by Swan Hunter
Ships built on the River Tyne |
Limnohabitans australis is an aerobic, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Limnohabitans and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from a freshwater pond in São Carlos, São Paulo state, Brazil.
References
External links
Type strain of Limnohabitans australis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Comamonadaceae |
The following is a (currently) incomplete list of ambassadors of France to Greece.
For ambassadors and high-ranking diplomats of France in Greece who were active between 1815 and 1905, the data below is taken from a list of diplomats published in 1906 by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. For ambassadors and diplomats who were active after 1944, the data comes from two more recent lists also compiled by the ministry. Additional individual references are given in the table.
See also
France–Greece relations
References
France
Greece |
Hajia Gali is a village located in the Nilan Valley of Abbottabad District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The Karlal is the most prominent tribe of the village.
References
External links
http://wikimapia.org/5776865/hajia-gali
Abbottabad District |
Volga is an unincorporated community in Houston County, Texas, United States. It is located three miles from Weldon and 20 miles from Crockett. A post office was established in 1897, but was discontinued in 1917 when the mail was sent to Weldon (which was later sent to Lovelady). The population declined from 100 in 1914, to 25 in 1945. It has since been dispersed.
References
Populated places in Houston County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas |
The Dance of Lifey Death is a graphic novel created by Eddie Campbell and published by Dark Horse Comics.
External links
Review of Three-Piece Suit (includes entirety of The Dance of Lifey Death)
Review in The Comics Journal of Three-Piece Suit
Dark Horse Comics titles |
```ruby
module ExtJS
module SassExtensions
module Functions
module Utils
@maps = Array.new()
class << self; attr_accessor :maps; end
def parsebox(list, n)
assert_type n, :Number
if !n.int?
raise ArgumentError.new("List index #{n} must be an integer")
elsif n.to_i < 1
raise ArgumentError.new("List index #{n} must be greater than or equal to 1")
elsif n.to_i > 4
raise ArgumentError.new("A box string can't contain more then 4")
end
new_list = list.clone.to_a
size = new_list.size
if n.to_i >= size
if size == 1
new_list[1] = new_list[0]
new_list[2] = new_list[0]
new_list[3] = new_list[0]
elsif size == 2
new_list[2] = new_list[0]
new_list[3] = new_list[1]
elsif size == 3
new_list[3] = new_list[1]
end
end
new_list.to_a[n.to_i - 1]
end
def parseint(value)
Sass::Script::Number.new(value.to_i)
end
def ERROR(message)
raise ArgumentError.new(message)
end
def map_create()
map = Hash.new()
id = Utils.maps.length;
Utils.maps.insert(id, map);
Sass::Script::Number.new(id+1)
end
def map_get(mapId, key)
id = mapId.to_i()-1
map = Utils.maps[id]
k = key.to_s()
v = map[k]
if !v
v = Sass::Script::String.new("")
end
v
end
def map_put(mapId, key, value)
id = mapId.to_i()-1
map = Utils.maps[id]
k = key.to_s()
map[k] = value
end
# Joins 2 file paths using the path separator
def file_join(path1, path2)
path1 = path1.value
path2 = path2.value
path = path1.empty? ? path2 : File.join(path1, path2)
Sass::Script::String.new(path)
end
def theme_image_exists(directory, path)
result = false
where_to_look = File.join(directory.value, path.value)
if where_to_look && FileTest.exists?("#{where_to_look}")
result = true
end
return Sass::Script::Bool.new(result)
end
# workaround for lack of @error directive in sass 3.1
def error(message)
raise Sass::SyntaxError, message.value
end
# This function is primarily to support compatibility when moving from sass 3.1 to 3.2
# because of the change in behavior of the null keyword when used with !default.
# in 3.1 variables defaulted to null are considered to have an assigned value
# and thus cannot be reassigned. In 3.2 defaulting to null is the same as leaving
# the variable undeclared
def is_null(value)
n = false
begin
# in Sass 3.2 null values are an instance of Sass::Script::Null
# this throws an exception in Sass 3.1 because the Null class doesn't exist
n = (value.is_a? Sass::Script::Null) || (value.is_a? Sass::Script::String) && value.value == 'null' || value.value == 'none'
rescue NameError=>e
# Sass 3.1 processes null values as a string == "null"
n = (value.is_a? Sass::Script::String) && value.value == 'null' || value.value == 'none'
end
return Sass::Script::Bool.new(n)
end
end
end
end
end
module Sass::Script::Functions
include ExtJS::SassExtensions::Functions::Utils
end
``` |
Babinda is a rural town and locality in the Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Babinda had a population of 1,253 people.
Geography
Babinda is located south of Cairns.
The town is noted for its proximity to Queensland's two highest mountains Mount Bartle Frere (Queensland's highest peak) and Mount Bellenden Ker.
Babinda and Tully annually compete for the Golden Gumboot, an award for Australia's wettest town. Babinda is usually the winner, recording an annual average rainfall of over each year.
History
Babinda takes its name from the local Indigenous Australian language for mountain. Other sources, however, claim it is a Yidinji word for water, possibly referring to the high rainfall of the area.
Babinda State School opened on 4 November 1914. Initially occupying temporary premises, the school's first permanent site was 24-34 Church Street (), now Babinda Swimming Pool and adjacent properties. In 1963, it expanded to offer secondary schooling to Year 10. The school relocated to its present site in Boulders Road in 1969, although it continued to use some facilities on the old site until 1973. In 1983, the school expanded to offer secondary schooling to Year 12.
Babinda Post Office opened by 1915 (a Babinda Creek receiving office had been open since 1891).
The Babinda Sugar Mill opened on 15 September 1915. It closed on 23 February 2011.
On 20 April 1916, the Cane Beetles March commenced at Mooliba (now Mirriwinni). It was a snowball march to recruit men into the Australian Imperial Force during World War I at a time when enthusiasm to enlist had waned after the loss of life in the Gallipoli campaign. The march began at Mooliba with 4 men, passing through Babinda, Aloomba, Gordonvale, and Edmonton, and ending in Cairns 60 kilometers later with 29 recruits.
Babinda Presbyterian church was officially opened on 5 November 1916 by Reverend S. Mitchell.
On Sunday 18 March 1917, Bishop John Heavey laid the foundation for Babinda's Catholic Church. Heavey returned on Sunday 15 July to dedicate the church.
On 10 March 1918, a cyclone badly damaged the town with some reports saying that no building was left standing. An entire train at the railway station was blown over. Both the Presbyterian and Catholic churches were "blown to pieces".
On Sunday 16 March 1919, the new Presbyterian Church was officially opened by the Reverend Fixter.
On Sunday 9 July 1922, Heavey officially opened and blessed the rebuilt Catholic church.
The Babinda War Memorial was unveiled by the chairman of the Cairns Shire Council Seymour Warner on 25 April 1927.
The Babinda Parish of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Cooktown (now the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns) was established in 1934.
The Babinda Public Library building opened in 1955.
In March 2006, Babinda was struck by Cyclone Larry, damaging up to 80% of buildings.
In the , the locality of Babinda had a population of 1,167 people. Of these, 49.7% were male and 50.3% were female. The majority of residents (79.7%) were of Australian birth, with other common census responses being Italy (2.7%) and New Zealand (2.0%). The age distribution of Babinda residents was skewed slightly higher than the greater Australian population. 70.1% of residents were over 25 years in 2006, compared to the Australian average of 66.5%; and 29.9% were younger than 25 years, compared to the Australian average of 33.5%.
At the 2011 census, the town recorded a population of 1,068.
In the , the locality of Babinda had a population of 1,253 people.
Heritage listings
Babinda has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
65-85 Munro Street: Babinda State Hotel
109 Munro Street: Babinda Air Raid Shelter
Media
The local newspapers are The Cairns Post or the Wet Tropic Times.
Education
St Rita's School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 7-13 Church Street (). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 22 students with 7 teachers (5 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (3 full-time equivalent).
Babinda State School is a government primary and secondary (Prep-12) school for boys and girls at Boulders Road (corner of Pollard Road, ). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 257 students with 30 teachers (27 full-time equivalent) and 22 non-teaching staff (13 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program.
Babinda Kindergarten is on Church Street and Babinda Early Learning is on Pollard Road.
Amenities
The Cairns Regional Council operates a public library in Babinda at 24 Munro Street.
The Babinda branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the QCWA Hall in School Road.
St Rita's Catholic Church is at 15 Church Street. It is within the Babinda Parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns and is administered from Innisfail.
The Babinda Munro Picture Theatre operates Friday, Saturday and Sunday nights.
Events
There are many different community events in Babinda. The annual Harvest Festival is celebrated in October and features some unusual events including the Sugar Bowl competition, the Gumboot Toss and the Umbrella Toss (reflecting Babinda's connection to the sugar industry and its wet weather). The festival has been running since the 1960s but did not occur in 2006 due to Cyclone Larry.
Attractions
The Boulders and Devil's Pool are popular tourist attractions. A picnic area is located nearby, beside Babinda Creek.
Babinda Rotary Park is on Howard Kennedy Drive (). It provides free camping for up to 3 days.
Transportation
Babinda is situated on the Bruce Highway. The town has a railway station for access to the long-distance train services, currently only the Spirit of Queensland for which an advance booking must be made for the train to stop in Babinda.
Climate
Babinda has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with humid and persistently wet weather. It is well known and recognised as the wettest town in Australia, with an annual average rainfall of 4279.4 mm. Monthly totals over 1000 mm are not uncommon, and sometimes, usually between January and April, whole months will go by without a single sunny day.
The wet season lasts from December to May, while the 'dry season' occurs from June to November. During the wet season, heavy monsoonal downpours occur almost daily and occasionally even heavier rain from tropical lows or cyclones occurs. Rainfall still totals well over 100mm a month during the dry season; however, it is usually in the form of coastal showers, which can range from 1 or 2 millimeters, to brief downpours of 100mm or more. Thunderstorms with dangerous lightning and damaging winds can be a threat from October to December; however, this threat decreases when the monsoon begins to take over in January.
See also
Suburbs of Cairns
List of tramways in Queensland
References
External links
Watch historical footage of Babinda, Cairns and Far North Queensland from the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's collection
Babinda Munro Theatre Sponsored by the Babinda pharmacy showing the latest films.
Populated places in Far North Queensland
Towns in Queensland
Suburbs of Cairns
Localities in Queensland |
The Connaught Type D is a series of prototype sports cars, designed, developed, and built by British manufacturer Connaught, between 2006 and 2007.
V10 Engine
The Type D had a unique 2.0-litre narrow-angle V10 engine with its cylinder banks set a 22.5-degrees. The narrow angle allows the engine to use a single cylinder head, much like Volkswagen's popular VR6 engines and Lancia's narrow-angle V4 engines.
The V10 was meant to be augmented by an electric motor hybrid system for additional torque and allow the Connaught Type-D GT to achieve high fuel economy.
References
Sports cars
2000s cars
Cars of England |
Drying Up the Streets is a 1978 Canadian feature from Robin Spry produced by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Synopsis
This film was originally planned as a one-hour drama for the CBC's For the Record, series but was expanded into a feature while it was being shot cinéma vérité-style on the streets of Toronto between October 11 and October 27, 1977. It concerns the search for a runaway (Laurie Brown) by her father (Don Francks), an aging hippy who is coerced to do so by a member of the RCMP drug squad (Len Cariou). Exploring the darker side of the ‘flower power’ generation, Drying Up the Streets mixes documentary realism with stylized set pieces.
It's one of director Robin Spry’s finest films; however, it never received theatrical distribution and was eventually aired on the CBC in 1979 to good notices.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1978 films
Canadian drama television films
English-language Canadian films
Films directed by Robin Spry
CBC Television original films
Films shot in Toronto
1970s Canadian films |
Heinrich Spuhler (19 December 1925 – 2 July 1996) was a Swiss racing cyclist. He rode in the 1952 Tour de France.
References
1925 births
1996 deaths
Swiss male cyclists
Place of birth missing |
Juan Ramon Masoliver (1910–1997) was a Spanish art critic, essayist and translator. He was a pioneer of the Surrealist movement in Catalonia, helping to found the Surrealist magazine Helix in 1929, with Salvador Dali and Luis Bunuel. Living in Paris in the 1930s, he was a friend of James Joyce and a secretary to Ezra Pound.
After the Spanish Civil War, he returned to Spain and worked briefly for General Franco. He wrote for more than 60 years in the pages of La Vanguardia. His books include Presentation of James Joyce (1981) and Profile of Clouds (1991). He was also an award-winning translator of Italian literature; among his translations are works by such as Guido Cavalcanti, Carlo Emilio Gadda and Italo Calvino.
References
Spanish art critics
Spanish essayists
Spanish translators
20th-century Spanish writers
1910 births
1997 deaths |
Stephanie Slepicka Shipp is an American economist and social statistician. She works at the University of Virginia as a research professor in the Social and Decision Analytics Division of the Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative.
Education and career
Shipp's parents were both Air Force officers, and her mother was a high school teacher and government librarian.
Shipp graduated from Trinity College, Washington DC in 1974, and earned a master's degree at George Washington University in 1977. She completed her Ph.D. in economics at George Washington University in 2000.
She worked as a research assistant at the Federal Reserve Board from 1974 to 1976, and at the Bureau of Labor Statistics from 1976 to 1997. At the Bureau of Labor Statistics, she became chief of the Branch of Information and Analysis in the Division of Consumer Expenditure Surveys in 1983. From 1997 to 2000 she worked as an assistant division chief for the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division of the United States Census Bureau. After a brief term in the Office of Budget of the United States Department of Commerce, she joined the National Institute of Standards and Technology in 2000 as director of the Economic Assessment Office.
She retired from federal service in 2008, and took a position as senior research staff in the Science and Technology Policy Institute. In 2013 she moved to Virginia Tech as founding deputy director and research professor in the Social and Decision Analytics Laboratory.
In 2018 the Biocomplexity Institute, including the Social and Decision Analytics group, moved en masse from Virginia Tech to the University of Virginia.
Service
Shipp was president of the Caucus for Women in Statistics for the 1992 term. She was also president of the Department of Commerce Senior Executives Association for 2003–2004, and chaired the Government Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association for 2005–2007.
Recognition
Shipp became an elected member of the International Statistical Institute in 2001. She was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2002, and as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2014 "for social and behavioral sciences research and leadership in translating science into action for the betterment of society".
She won the Jeanne E. Griffith Mentoring Award in 2007.
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American statisticians
American economists
Women statisticians
American women economists
Trinity Washington University alumni
George Washington University alumni
Virginia Tech faculty
University of Virginia faculty
Elected Members of the International Statistical Institute
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science |
Trinity Ville is a settlement in Jamaica. It has a population of 2,894 as of 2009.
References
Populated places in Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica |
The Timboon railway line is a closed railway line, in Victoria, Australia, which branched from the Port Fairy line, near Camperdown, and served the towns of Cobden and Timboon, along with the farming communities of the area.
The first sod was turned on 14 February 1889 by John Walls of Camperdown who stated that the Railway league had been lobbying for 22 years for rail into the district. The contractors, Messrs. Buscombe, Chappel & Bell took three years to complete the line. The 1916 Government Railways Standing Committee rejected the submission to extend the line to Port Campbell.
Much of the line was dismantled during 1987. All signalling and safeworking equipment at Timboon Junction were abolished by September of the same year.
The section of the line between Naroghid and Timboon has been converted into the Camperdown-Timboon Rail Trail.
Line guide
References
Notes
Closed regional railway lines in Victoria (state)
Railway lines opened in 1892
Railway lines closed in 1986
Transport in Barwon South West (region) |
Ramsay is a rural locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. In the Ramsay had a population of 348 people.
Geography
The Great Dividing Range passes through Ramsay, entering from the north from Preston and exiting to the south-east (Budgee / West Haldon). The terrain to the east of the range is mountainous with the following named peaks:
Darling Point ()
Hay Peak ()
Mount Allen ()
Mount Boodgee ()
Mount Neale ()
Mount Prosper ()
Paddy Point ()
Prosperity Point ()
Within the locality, the range is a watershed with the creeks that rise to the east of the range contributing to the North East Coast drainage basin which enter the Coral Sea, while the creeks that rise to the west of the range are ultimately tributaries of the Condamine River, part of the Murray Darling drainage basin.
The terrain in the locality to the west of the range is still hilly but overall flatter and lower (down to above sea level). The land use in the east of the locality is grazing on native vegetation, while the land use in the west of the locality is a mix of grazing and crop growing, the latter generally occurring closer to the creeks.
History
The locality is named after Robert Ramsay, a pastoralist and politician. He was one of the owners of Eton Vale station and leased the Rosalie Plains pastoral run. He was a member of both the Queensland Legislative Assembly and the Queensland Legislative Council.
Ramsay State School opened on 3 October 1881.
In the Ramsay had a population of 310 people.
In the Ramsay had a population of 348 people.
Economy
There are a number of homesteads in the locality, including:
Alpine Grange ()
Alpine Grange ()
Arinya ()
Laughma ()
Mount Prosper ()
Mountain View ()
Orourkes House ()
Venvale ()
Education
Ramsay State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 173 Ramsay School Road (). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 46 students with 5 teachers (3 full-time equivalent) and 7 non-teaching staff (3 full-time equivalent).
There are no secondary schools in Ramsay. The nearest government secondary schools are Centenary Heights State High School in Centenary Heights and Harristown State High School in Harristown, both suburbs of Toowoomba to the north, and Clifton State High School in Clifton to the south.
References
Further reading
— includes information on the now-closed schools of Eton Vale, Top Camp, Preston, Hodgson's Vale.
Toowoomba Region
Localities in Queensland |
Tomassoni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
David Tomassoni (1952-2022), American politician
Mirko Tomassoni (born 1969), Captain Regent of San Marino
Ronn Tomassoni (born 1958), American ice hockey player and coach
Thomas Tomassoni (1616–1654), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
See also
Tomassoni awards, an Italian physics award
Italian-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
Surnames from given names |
Safari TV Channel is an Indian non-profit television channel broadcasting in Malayalam language. It is an exploration channel based in Marangattupilly, Kottayam, Kerala. The channel is part of Safari Multimedia Pvt.Ltd, India.
A TV channel running without advertising, Safari TV does not accept ads.
Safari showcases the world through travelogues, explorations and programs highlighting history.
Safari TV Channel has production facilities and studios in Marangattupilly and Marine Drive, Ernakulam.
History
Safari TV was launched by Santosh George Kulangara on 1 November 2013.
Branding
The Swahili word safari means journey. It originated from the Arabic word safar. These words became used for any type of journey.
The theme song, Neelakasha pookkal nullan was written by poet P K Gopi, composed and sung by Nandhu Kartha.
Programmes
Safari TV presents diverse programmes that provide entertainment and knowledge. It offers a variety of genres including World travel, Indian travel, other journeys, history, geography, culture, movies, art and adventure.
Programmes include:
Sancharam
Oru Sanchariyude Diary Kurippukal
The History of Cinema
Around the World in 30 Minutes
Charithram Enniloode
History
Opera House
Charithram Chalachithram
Animal Kingdom
Movies on the Road
Aa Yathrayil
Location Hunt
Smrithi
World War II
Irupathaam Noottandu
Juthan
Freedom At Midnight
Club Class
World Classics
References
Malayalam-language television channels
2013 establishments in Kerala
Television channels and stations established in 2013
Television stations in Kerala
Kottayam |
was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.
Biography
Military career
Yasuoka was born in Sendai city, Kagoshima Prefecture (present day Satsumasendai, Kagoshima) and was the son of an officer in the Imperial Japanese Army. After attending military preparatory schools in Kumamoto, he graduated from the 18th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1906. After attending the Army Toyama School, he graduated from the 26th class of the Army Staff College in 1914. After serving in a number of staff positions, he was assigned to the IJA 51st Infantry Regiment, rising to become its commander by 1922. He served n the staff of the IJA 9th Division, the IJA 29th Infantry Regiment and the IJA 16th Division and after his promotion to colonel in August 1930, as commander of the IJA 49th Infantry Regiment from 1930. In January 1935, he became Chief of Staff of the Hiroshima-based IJA 5th Division.
Yasuoka was promoted to major general and given command of the IJA 30th Infantry Brigade in March 1935. He served as commandant of the Army Tank School from August 1936. In March 1938, he was promoted to lieutenant general and was made commander of the IJA 1st Independent Mixed Brigade.
With the start of the Soviet-Japanese Border Wars, Yasuoka's expertise in armored warfare was recognized when he was made commander of the Yasuoka Detachment, an armored task force of the Kwantung Army, organized for the July 1939 offensive of the Battle of Khalkhin Gol. However, the Japanese army suffered a ruinous defeat at the hands of the combined Soviet-Mongolian forces and Yasuoka was relieved of command in July 1939 and his detachment was dissolved.
He was placed in command of the reserve IJA Third Depot Division in August 1939, and went into the reserves in March 1941. He retired from the military at the end of the same month.
Governor of Surabaya
In July 1942, Yasuoka agreed to accept the post of governor of Surabaya in Japanese-occupied Java, Netherlands East Indies. During his time in Surabaya, he learned enough of the Javanese language to be able to make a speech in public, and was known for visiting school and government offices without notice. He attempted to employ as many native Indonesians in government positions as possible, both from a practical standpoint, but also from a belief that the Netherlands East Indies should be freed from colonial rule. He also released many of the Dutch officials who were held as prisoners of war to train the Indonesians to take their places. He held the post until the surrender of Japan in August 1945, whereupon he was arrested by Dutch colonial authorities and tried before a military tribunal where he was declared guilty of unspecified war crimes. He was condemned to death and hanged on 12 April 1948.
References
External links
Footnotes
1886 births
1948 deaths
Executed military leaders
Military personnel from Kagoshima Prefecture
Imperial Japanese Army generals of World War II
Members of the Kwantung Army
Japanese people executed for war crimes
People executed by the Netherlands by hanging
Japanese people executed abroad |
TWX may refer to:
Teletypewriter Exchange Service, a telex system in the US and Canada
TWX (magazine)
Time Warner's stock ticker symbol |
```javascript
/**
* @providesModule ES6_Default_NamedFunction1
* @flow
*/
declare export default function foo():number;
``` |
Sir Ferdinando Sutton (1588-1621) was an English aristocrat.
Family and early life
The son of Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley (1567-1643) and Theodosia Harington (died 1649). The Sutton family used their title "Dudley" as a surname, and so he was sometimes known as "Ferdinando Dudley".
His father abandoned his wife, for his mistress, Elizabeth Tomlinson. According to a bill produced in the Star Chamber by his political rival in Staffordshire, Gilbert Lyttelton, in 1592, he had "left that virtuous lady his wife in London without sustenance, and took to his home a lewd and infamous woman, a base collier's daughter". Lyttleton and Sutton had a dispute over the Manor of Prestwood at Kinver.
In 1597, Ferdinando and his sister, Anne, were lodged in Clerkenwell with Euseby Paget, rector of St Anne and St Agnes, and Mrs. Percy as wards of their aunt and uncle, Elizabeth and Edward Montagu of Boughton.
Court connections
Ferdinando Sutton was knighted on 4 June 1610, when Prince Henry was created Prince of Wales. His sister, Anne, joined the household of Princess Elizabeth and was known as "Mistress Dudley".
Marriage and children
Ferdinando Sutton married Honora Seymour, a daughter of Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp and Honora Rogers in July 1610. Honora, Lady Dudley died in March 1620 and was buried in the parish church of St Edmund in Dudley.
His daughter, Frances, was born in 1611 at Dudley Castle. She married Humble Ward (born 1612), son of a London goldsmith, William Ward and Elizabeth Humble (died 1616). According to William Dugdale, her grandfather arranged her marriage to Ward to alleviate his debts, which were large because of his relationship with Elizabeth Tomlinson.
Death and burial
He died on 22 November 1621 of smallpox and was buried at St Margaret's, Westminster. On the previous day he bequeathed his estates and possessions to his sister "Margaret Dudley", wife of Miles Hobart. The will was witnessed by his aunt Mary Wingfield and his servant William Dudley.
References
1588 births
1621 deaths
17th-century English people
Ferdinando
English knights
Knights Bachelor |
Easan Labhar is a series of waterfalls on the island of Mull, Scotland. It lies on the Allt an Easain Labhair near Gruline west of Salen. There are also unnamed waterfalls on the Allt na Linne burn just to the east.
The Allt an Easain Labhar is a minor tributary of the Allt Glac an Lin, which itself joins the River Ba on the beach at Killiechronan just before it flows into Loch na Keal.
The name Easan Labhar is from the Gaelic language and means "the talkative waterfalls".
See also
Waterfalls of Scotland
References
Waterfalls of the Isle of Mull |
Scott Levy (born September 8, 1964) is an American professional wrestler better known by his ring name, Raven. He is known for his appearances with professional wrestling promotions including Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). Widely recognized as "one of the most annoying in wrestling", Raven is known for his "psychological heel tactics" and grunge-inspired gimmick. His feud with The Sandman in the mid-1990s has been described as "one of the most emotional rivalries in professional wrestling's history".
He is one of the most decorated wrestlers in history, with 37 title reigns between WWE, WCW, ECW, and TNA, including being a three-time World Champion and having a record 27 reigns as WWF/E Hardcore Champion.
After having an eight-plus year career in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Raven was inducted into the Impact Hall of Fame in 2022.
Early life
Levy is of Jewish descent and was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Paul F. Levy, a journalist and senior editor of The National Enquirer. He graduated from Lake Worth Community High School in 1982. He went on to attend the University of Delaware, where he earned a degree in criminal justice. He took a semester off from college to enlist in the United States Marine Corps Reserve.
Professional wrestling career
Early career (1988–1992)
Levy trained as a professional wrestler under Larry Sharpe at the Monster Factory in New Jersey, making his debut on February 20, 1988 against Jimmy Jack Funk.
Early in his career, Levy competed for the World Wrestling Council in Puerto Rico as well as the Memphis, Tennessee-based promotion Continental Wrestling Association under the ring name "Scotty the Body", where he was given the gimmick of being the "boy toy" of Missy Hyatt, who used him to her and Eddie Gilbert's advantage. After leaving Memphis, Levy wrestled in Florida.
Levy next traveled to Canada, where he competed briefly for the Vancouver, British Columbia-based promotion All Star Wrestling before leaving due to differences with owner Al Tomko. From there, he returned to the United States, joining Pacific Northwest Wrestling in Portland, Oregon. Over the next three years, he was positioned as one of the main heels, winning all of the titles and feuding heavily with Steve Doll. His manager in PNW was Taylor Made. After taking a brief break from competing, he returned to PNW as a face and began a feud with The Grappler. In the summer of 1989, Levy made a number of appearances under a mask as "Matman", a Batman-inspired character who teamed with Beetlejuice.
Wrestling as Scotty the Body, Levy made a one-off appearance on WWF Prime Time Wrestling in a losing effort against Koko B. Ware on October 9, 1990.
After leaving PNW, Levy joined the Dallas, Texas-based Global Wrestling Federation, where he adopted the ring name "Scott Anthony". Levy was part of the stable known as "The Cartel", along with Cactus Jack, Makhan Singh, Rip Rogers and Max Andrews. Levy also served as a color commentator for GWF's televised broadcasts on ESPN alongside play-by-play commentators Craig Johnson and Scott Hudson.
World Championship Wrestling (1992–1993)
In 1992, Levy joined World Championship Wrestling (WCW). He was given the ring name "Scotty Flamingo" and the gimmick of a surfer from Florida, even carrying a surfboard to the ring. According to him, he didn't like the character nor the High-Flying style, but he was forced by the promoters. He was originally managed by J. T. Southern. Levy competed in the WCW light heavyweight division, winning the WCW Light Heavyweight Championship from Brian Pillman on June 20, 1992 at Beach Blast. He held the title until July 5, 1992, when he was defeated by Brad Armstrong. Levy went on to align himself with Diamond Dallas Page and Vinnie Vegas as a member of "The Diamond Mine". Levy would continue to feud with Pillman and Armstrong, before feuding with Johnny B. Badd. At Clash of the Champions XXI on November 18, 1992, Levy defeated Badd in a boxing match via knockout after Vegas surreptitiously weighted his boxing glove by soaking it in water. Levy left WCW in February 1993 after disagreements with booker Bill Watts.
World Wrestling Federation (1993–1994)
After leaving WCW, Levy briefly wrestled for the United States Wrestling Association (USWA) before joining the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) as manager "Johnny Polo", a spoiled, rich preppy kid. He was initially placed with Adam Bomb, appearing for the first time on May 22 episode of WWF Superstars. He managed Bomb for four months until he was replaced by Harvey Wippleman. He then became the manager of The Quebecers in September, whom he led to three reigns as WWF Tag Team Champions. In addition to managing, Polo also occasionally appeared in tag-team and singles competition, facing Jim Powers, Virgil, Rick Steiner, Marty Jannetty, Doink the Clown, 1-2-3 Kid, Owen Hart, and Pierre Oullette. Polo also worked as a color commentator and co-host of Radio WWF, and behind the scenes worked as the associate producer for Monday Night Raw. Levy left the company in October 1994, his final match coming against Adam Bomb on October 2 in Auburn Hills, Michigan. His last appearance as Johnny Polo was at a house show in Montreal, Quebec on October 21 when he managed Pierre Oullette in a match against Jacques Rougeau.
Extreme Championship Wrestling (1995–1997)
Feud with Tommy Dreamer (1995–1996)
After leaving the WWF, Levy began developing a new character, "Raven". Inspired by the poem by Edgar Allan Poe and by Patrick Swayze's manipulative Zen master of crime in the film Point Break, the Raven character was a depressed, sociopathic, stoical, nihilistic misanthrope who would deliver eloquent, philosophical promos peppered with literary allusions and ending with the catchphrase, "Quoth the Raven 'Nevermore'". Levy dramatically altered his appearance, bulking-up to approximately 235 lbs (107 kg), adding nose and eyebrow piercings and began wrestling in ragged jean shorts, a leather jacket, rock band or comic book t-shirts, combat boots and a flannel tied around his waist. After unsuccessfully pitching the character to Jim Cornette, the owner of Smoky Mountain Wrestling (SMW), Raven approached Paul Heyman, the booker of the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-based promotion Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), who agreed to bring in Raven as a foil for Tommy Dreamer.
Raven was introduced to ECW by Stevie Richards. In late 1994, Richards had developed an "identity crisis", performing under the ring names "Stevie Flamingo", "Stevie the Body", and "Stevie Polo" — all references to former ring names used by Levy. After sustaining another loss to Tommy Dreamer, Richards became irate and claimed he would present "the real Johnny Polo". Raven made his first appearance on the January 10, 1995 episode of ECW Hardcore TV, with Richards revealing that he had a vendetta against Tommy Dreamer.
Raven formed a stable of lackeys known as "Raven's Nest", with Richards the first member. In February, Johnny Hotbody and Tony Stetson joined the stable, calling Raven the "voice of [their] generation". On March 18, 1995 at Extreme Warfare, Dreamer lost to the four members of Raven's Nest in a gauntlet match.
On April 8, 1995 at Three Way Dance, Raven fired Hotbody and Stetson, replacing them with The Pitbulls. Later that evening, Raven expounded on his history with Dreamer, revealed that they had attended summer camp together as children, where Raven became the boyfriend of Beulah McGillicutty, an overweight girl with acne, after she was spurned by Dreamer. Richards then revealed that he had tracked down McGillicutty, who was now a Penthouse model, who also harbored a grudge against Dreamer. Later that night, Raven faced Dreamer in a singles match for the first time, defeating him following interference from both Richards and McGillicutty. McGillicutty went on to become Raven's valet and onscreen girlfriend, repeatedly interfering in his bouts with Dreamer and receiving numerous piledrivers as a result. McGillicutty was brought into ECW by Raven, who had been introduced to her by Ron Gant in Florida earlier that year and thought she would add a new dimension to his feud with Dreamer.
The feud between Raven and Dreamer escalated at Barbed Wire, Hoodies & Chokeslams in June 1995, where Raven's Nest beat down Dreamer's ally, Luna Vachon, before breaking several of Dreamer's fingers. On June 30, 1995 at Mountain Top Madness, Raven and Richards defeated The Public Enemy to win the ECW World Tag Team Championship.
In July 1995 at Hardcore Heaven after Raven and Richards successfully defended the ECW Tag Team Championship against Dreamer and Vachon, The Pitbulls left Raven's Nest, with The Dudley Brothers replacing them shortly thereafter. At Heat Wave on July 15, 1995, Dreamer and The Pitbulls defeated Raven and The Dudley Brothers. Later that evening, Dreamer handcuffed Raven and delivered a chair shot later dubbed "the chair shot heard 'round the world." The footage of the chair shot was incorporated into the title sequence of ECW Hardcore TV. At Wrestlepalooza on August 5, 1995, during an eight-man tag team match, Raven, Richards and the Dudley Brothers defeated Tommy Dreamer, Cactus Jack and the Pitbulls after Cactus Jack, Dreamer's long-time ally, turned on him, joining Raven's Nest. On September 16, 1995 at Gangstas Paradise, Raven and Richards lost the ECW World Tag Team Championship to The Pitbulls following interference from Dreamer. Raven and Richards regained the titles from The Pitbulls on October 7, 1995, only to lose them to The Public Enemy later that evening. At November to Remember on November 18, 1995, Dreamer and Terry Funk defeated Raven and Cactus Jack in the main event. At the same event, Raven's Nest received a new member, The Blue Meanie, who became a lackey to Stevie Richards.
At December to Dismember on December 9, 1995, Raven once more defeated Dreamer, although later that night Dreamer, The Pitbulls and The Public Enemy defeated Raven, Richards, The Eliminators and The Heavenly Bodies in an "Ultimate Jeopardy" cage match when Dreamer pinned Richards. At Holiday Hell on December 30, 1995, Raven defeated Dreamer to become number one contender for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship, unsuccessfully challenging incumbent champion The Sandman later that evening. At the same event, The Dudley Brothers left Raven's Nest following a confrontation with Richards. During the build-up to the match, Raven further expounded on his grudge against Dreamer, accusing Dreamer of not having been there for him during his parents' divorce, an accusation that Dreamer hotly denied. At House Party on January 5, 1996, Richards attempted to kiss McGillicutty, who refused, eventually announcing that she was pregnant. After Raven angrily confronted McGillicutty, she informed him that he was not the father, causing Raven to attack Richards. McGillicutty then revealed that Tommy Dreamer was the father, with Dreamer storming the ring and beating down Raven, Richards and The Blue Meanie before embracing Beulah.
ECW World Heavyweight Champion (1996–1997)
On January 27, 1996, Raven introduced his new girlfriend, Kimona Wanalaya. Later that evening, Raven defeated The Sandman to win his first ECW World Heavyweight Championship following extensive interference from Raven's Nest. Over the following months, Raven successfully defended the ECW World Heavyweight Championship in bouts with opponents including Shane Douglas, Pitbull #2, Chris Jericho, Damián 666, 2 Cold Scorpio and Terry Gordy. Wanalaya left him in April 1996 at Massacre on Queens Boulevard after he slapped her.
At Hardcore Heaven on June 22, 1996, Raven began playing mind games with The Sandman, brainwashing his ex-wife, Lori and his son, Tyler to join Raven's Nest. Lori and Tyler subsequently began accompanying Raven to ringside for his matches, with Raven using him to wage psychological warfare against The Sandman over the following months.
At High Incident on October 26, 1996, Richards was involved in one of ECW's most controversial angles, with Raven's Nest "crucifying" The Sandman by tying him to a cross and placing a crown made of barbed wire on his head. The angle, which was widely criticised as being in poor taste, led to Olympic gold medalist Kurt Angle severing his links with ECW and delayed the promotion's debut on pay-per-view. At the instruction of Paul Heyman, Raven came to the ring and offered a somewhat insincere apology for his actions.
The relationship between Raven and Richards began to deteriorate in late 1996. At Ultimate Jeopardy on October 5, 1996, Raven was scheduled to team with Brian Lee against Dreamer and The Sandman in a match with Raven's ECW World Heavyweight Championship on the line. After Raven was announced as being unable to compete, Richards substituted for him, with Raven losing his title after The Sandman pinned Richards. Upon his return, Raven blamed Richards for the loss. At Holiday Hell on December 7, 1996, Raven defeated The Sandman in a barbed wire match to regain the ECW World Heavyweight Championship. Despite this, the tension between Raven and Richards continued to build until, on December 28, 1996, Richards turned on Raven by superkicking him during a match with The Sandman. Richards, The Blue Meanie and Super Nova subsequently broke away from Raven.
At the Crossing the Line Again event on February 1, 1997, Raven successfully defended the ECW World Heavyweight Championship against "Dr. Death" Steve Williams – inflicting Williams' first loss in the United States in a decade – after interference from Richards backfired. As part of an agreement between ECW and the World Wrestling Federation, Raven and several other ECW wrestlers appeared on the February 24, 1997 episode of Raw Is War, with Raven confronting Richards.
Over the following months, Raven successfully defended the ECW World Heavyweight Championship against opponents including Dreamer, Richards, Rob Van Dam and Super Nova. His reign lasted until April 13, 1997, when he was defeated by Terry Funk in the main event of Barely Legal, ECW's first pay-per-view.
On the May 1, 1997 episode of ECW Hardcore TV, a controversial angle took place in which a morose Raven, despondent at the loss of his title and other setbacks, confronted Richards, telling him he had one final "mission" for him. Raven then attacked Richards before begging him to "end my pain". At The Buffalo Invasion on May 11, 1997, Raven and Richards reformed their tag team to face Dreamer and Funk, with Richards pinning Funk despite bickering with Raven throughout the match. In the main event, Raven, Richards, Funk and The Sandman faced one another in a four-way elimination match for Funk's ECW World Heavyweight Championship. During the match, Raven DDT'ed both Funk and The Sandman and then demanded that Richards pin them and then lay down for him. Richards refused, instead superkicking Raven and enabling Funk and The Sandman to pin him.
At Wrestlepalooza on June 6, 1997, Raven faced Dreamer in a "Loser Leaves ECW" match. During the bout, Raven abandoned his new valet, Chastity, and unsuccessfully begged Beulah to take him back. Dreamer ultimately won the match by pinning Raven for the first time, marking the end of their lengthy feud and the end of Raven's ECW career. Raven subsequently left ECW and rejoined World Championship Wrestling.
Return to WCW (1997–1999)
The Flock (1997–1998)
On June 30, 1997, Levy made his return to WCW as Raven. He was seen sitting in the front row at Monday Nitro where the commentators acknowledged him as "a man who has been a champion with other organizations". On August 21, 1997 at Clash of the Champions XXXV, Raven defeated Stevie Richards in an "unsanctioned" match and then took a seat in the front row. The storyline continued that Raven would frequently appear in the front row for the next few months with his lackeys, slowly forming what would be known as The Flock. Raven was an "unsigned free agent", but eventually accepted a contract with WCW Commissioner J. J. Dillon which stipulated that he could wrestle only when he wanted and under his own rules. The Flock was a stable of misfits in the same vein as the Raven's Nest group in ECW. With The Flock, however, Raven was more openly abusive and controlling, which eventually led to dissension and rebellion. The group's matches were held under Raven's Rules, which meant no disqualifications — weapon usage, double teaming, and outside interference were rampant.
Raven made his in-ring Nitro debut on October 27 against Scotty Riggs, after Riggs refused an invitation to join The Flock. Raven won the match, during which he performed a drop toehold on Riggs that drove his face into a steel chair and temporarily blinded him in one eye. The two engaged in a brief feud which resulted in a match at World War 3 in November, where Raven defeated Riggs and inducted him by force into The Flock.
With The Flock's help, Raven won the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship which lasted only a day as Raven defeated Diamond Dallas Page at Spring Stampede and lost the belt the following night to Bill Goldberg on Nitro. He blamed The Flock and Saturn in particular for his loss. This led to a series of matches, culminating in a match at Fall Brawl that if Raven lost, The Flock would be able to disband. Saturn won with the help of Kidman, who also wanted to leave Raven's abuses.
The Dead Pool (1998–1999)
Without The Flock, Raven began a series of depressing interviews and walked out on several matches. In October at Halloween Havoc, Raven refused to wrestle Chris Jericho for the WCW Television Championship, but eventually was convinced to return to the ring which he lost the match and was not seen until 1999. On his return, a series of vignettes were shown in which a camera crew followed Raven to his supposed childhood home, where he had led a privileged upper class lifestyle. He was also reunited with his former valet Chastity, who WCW claimed was his sister. He teamed with Perry Saturn, winning the WCW Tag Team Championship at 1999 Slamboree, losing the belts to the debuting The Jersey Triad three weeks later.
He later joined with Vampiro and the Insane Clown Posse in a short-lived stable called The Dead Pool. In a backstage meeting in August 1999, which involved every contracted WCW wrestler, Eric Bischoff offered anyone their release right then and there. Levy was the only one to stand up and walk out, as he was dissatisfied with WCW's creative direction. Levy was granted his release and left the company.
Return to ECW (1999–2000)
As a condition to leaving WCW, Levy was not allowed to directly join the WWF upon leaving the promotion as levied by a no compete clause in his contract. Via a loophole in the contract, Levy rejoined ECW and signed a one-year contract on August 25, 1999. His in-ring appearances were initially limited by a recent surgery to repair a rotator cuff tear.
Raven made a surprise return at the Last Show at the Madhouse, which was televised on ECW's debut on TNN, winning the tag team title from the departing The Dudley Boyz along with Tommy Dreamer on August 26, 1999. A reluctant tag team, Raven and Dreamer reigned as ECW World Tag Team Champions for several months. When they lost the belts, they feuded briefly. Raven and Mike Awesome won the tag team title from Tanaka and Dreamer on March 4, 2000, only to lose them a week later to The Impact Players at Living Dangerously. CyberSlam 2000 was Raven's last ECW appearance with Francine, as she aligned with Justin Credible that evening. In his last televised match (7/15/00) Raven challenged ECW TV champion Rhino. Shortly thereafter, he departed for the WWF.
World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment (2000–2003)
Levy returned to the WWF, as Raven, in 2000 at Unforgiven when he interfered in the strap match between Tazz and Jerry Lawler by hitting Lawler with a DDT. His previous run in the WWF as Johnny Polo was ignored by the company. He then started teaming with Tazz before they went their separate ways. Raven feuded with Jerry Lawler that fall until January 2001. He then moved on to the Hardcore division, where he would often bring out a shopping cart full of trash cans and other potential weapons during his entrances. On December 22, 2000 in Chattanooga, he defeated Steve Blackman for the Hardcore Championship, his first of a record 27 title reigns, though most of Raven's title reigns were short-lived. The Hardcore title at the time was contested under the "24/7" defense rule, leading to segments where one wrestler would win the title only to immediately lose it to another wrestler. At WrestleMania X-Seven, he competed in his only WrestleMania match, losing the Hardcore Championship to Kane in a triple threat match that also included Big Show. At Backlash, he lost to Hardcore Champion Rhyno in a hardcore match. A brief angle had an anonymous Black Ninja, who was later revealed to be his old valet from his Pacific Northwest days, Tori, aiding Raven in retaining the Hardcore Championship.
When the Invasion storyline began, he found himself in the new WCW/ECW Alliance. His most notable storyline during this time was when he was managed by Terri Runnels and destroyed the love interest of Saturn, his mop called "Moppy". He also started teaming with Justin Credible in late July 2001. By the end of the year, Raven was not seen on WWF programs, as the Alliance lost the "Winner Take All" match at Survivor Series.
In March 2002, when the WWF brand extension was announced, Raven was drafted to Raw. On the final SmackDown! before the split began, he defeated Maven to once again win the Hardcore Championship, thus bringing the title to Raw. He lost the title that Monday to Bubba Ray Dudley. At that time, Levy decided to spend some time announcing, and Raven became the new color commentator for Sunday Night Heat and Excess. This role lasted a couple of months, as he later quit the show to resume his wrestling career on Raw. This did not last long either, as he was "banished" from Raw after losing a match to former Extreme Championship Wrestling alumni Tommy Dreamer on June 24, 2002. Raven was forced to spend the rest of the year on Heat. Although he won his way back onto the Raw roster, he lost to Jeff Hardy in a Royal Rumble qualifier match, which was his final match in the WWE. He was released from the promotion the following week on January 20, 2003.
NWA Total Nonstop Action / Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2003–2010)
The Gathering (2003–2004)
Raven debuted for NWA Total Nonstop Action (TNA) on January 22, 2003, two days after his release from WWE, attacking and hitting his finisher on Jeff Jarrett and stealing the NWA World Heavyweight Championship from him. Raven then embarked upon a long-running storyline in which he claimed it was his "destiny" to win the NWA World Heavyweight Title. Raven began playing mind games with the roster, starting with his former nemesis Sandman, and debuted his trademark Clockwork Orange House of Fun match, which Levy devised himself. On April 30, 2003 Raven got his first shot at Jarrett's NWA World Heavyweight Championship, yet Jarrett won the match.
On September 17, 2003, Raven lost his trademark long hair after he was defeated by Shane Douglas in a hair versus hair match, thanks to the surprise interference of Vampiro. Vampiro and Raven would grow to be bitter rivals which resulted in a backstage brawl which Vampiro ended up with a torn "ACL." While in TNA, he formed a stable known as The Gathering, which included ROH rival CM Punk, as well as Julio Dinero and Alexis Laree, though they would later turn on him. He created matches involving old friends and brought in former colleagues from ECW such as New Jack, Perry Saturn, Mikey Whipwreck, and Justin Credible, all of whom Raven beat in matches. Later in the year these superstars overturned Sports Entertainment Xtreme (SEX). In 2003, Raven feuded with James Mitchell and the Disciples of the New Church. Raven took them all out one by one just like he said, but with interferences from The Gathering and ECW counterparts. Raven ended his feud with James Mitchell in a Last Man Standing match, which was won by Raven. This led to a long undefeated run and the beginning of Raven's attempts to fulfill his destiny. In 2004, Raven teamed up with The Sandman to go against The Gathering. The Gathering won due to interference from James Mitchell, who had aligned himself with The Gathering. Raven then teamed with Terry Funk to defeat the Gathering, even though James Mitchell tried to interfere.
Also in 2004, Raven's old friend Sabu returned to TNA. Raven teamed with Sabu to defeat The Gathering one last time. Raven and Sabu then feuded with Abyss and "The Alpha Male" Monty Brown. Abyss and Brown outnumbered Sabu on many occasions, when Raven failed to watch Sabu's back. Raven waged a campaign against Sabu, disrespecting the memory of his uncle and assaulting Sabu's mouthpiece, Sonjay Dutt, until Sabu finally broke and attacked him on July 23. Raven defeated Sabu in a No Holds Barred match on August 4, and a scheduled return match on August 18 was canceled after Sabu suffered a legitimate back injury. He also competed in the very first Monster's Ball match, with Abyss and Brown.
NWA World Heavyweight Champion (2005–2006)
On June 19, 2005, Raven turned face and fulfilled his self-proclaimed destiny when he won the NWA World Heavyweight Championship at Slammiversary (by taking Jeff Jarrett's place after Jarrett attacked a fan from the crowd earlier that night and got arrested), defeating A.J. Styles, Abyss, Sean Waltman and Monty Brown in a five way King of the Mountain match. He successfully defended the title in two defenses over the following months against Abyss at No Surrender, and Rhino two months later at Unbreakable. Against Rhino he showed his full array of moves and peeled back the years looking like the Raven in ECW and early WCW. He not only defeated Rhino but hit a Raven Effect DDT on Jeff Jarrett, with the assistance of Jeff Hardy running to the ringside. He also had a tag team match with Sabu against Jeff Jarrett and Rhino.
On September 15, Raven lost the NWA Title to Jeff Jarrett in Oldcastle, Ontario, Canada, at a special event of Border City Wrestling. America's Most Wanted ("Wildcat" Chris Harris and "Cowboy" James Storm) came out and interfered on Jarrett's behalf. BCW officials immediately contacted TNA Director of Authority Larry Zbyszko, who declared the title change official (TNA had briefly gone dark on its national television timeslot prior to jumping to Spike TV, prompting a title change in another NWA based promotion). This led to Raven feuding with Larry Zbyszko, who brought in wrestlers like PJ Polaco and Chris K to wrestle Raven. This culminated in a match at Final Resolution where Raven wrestled Sean Waltman with the stipulation that if Raven lost he would have to leave TNA. Raven lost the match and went on hiatus as a result.
Raven returned to TNA on April 23, 2006 at the Lockdown pay-per-view, and reignited his feud with Zbyszko. They would end their feud at Victory Road in a Hair vs. Hair match which Raven won.
Serotonin (2006–2008)
He next feuded with Abyss and Brother Runt, losing to the former in a Hangman's Horror match on Impact after the latter turned on him. Subsequent to this, his coverage in major televised angles has dropped considerably. While he was off-air, an alliance was teased between Kazarian, Johnny Devine, and Matt Bentley. On the TNA Primetime Special before Genesis, the three came out in goth, addressing a new movement in TNA. After a loss at Genesis, sporting a new look (often with a mask), Raven revealed himself as their leader, caning the loser of the match. This stable became known as Serotonin. The direction of this stable was very hard to place, although they lost the majority of their televised matches. Regardless of the outcome, Raven would hit the Serotonin competitor with a cane. After a long hiatus, Raven returned to the ring, losing to Christopher Daniels in a First Blood Invitational then losing to Chris Harris after interference from Kaz. On Impact, Raven came out after Kaz's win over Havok and Martyr and hit Kaz in the back with a Kendo Stick, breaking it over Kaz's back. Raven, Havok, and Martyr then attacked Kaz with kendo sticks. On the July 19 episode of Impact!, Raven and the rest of Serotonin took on the reuniting Triple X. Raven had very little time in the match and Serotonin lost after Skipper hit a diving leg drop, Daniels hit a Best Moonsault Ever, and Senshi hit a Warrior's Way on Havok.
Raven won a House of Fun match, on the August 9 episode of Impact!. He teamed with Robert Roode and James Storm against the team of Chris Harris, Rhino, and Kazarian. Raven lost to Kaz, who had rebelled against him, at Hard Justice despite having the remaining members of Serotonin involve themselves in the match. He then issued a challenge to Abyss and Rhino at Bound for Glory. Abyss later had Black Reign added to the match and made it a Monsters Ball. Raven briefly formed an alliance with Havok, Black Reign, Judas Mesias, and James Mitchell with the purpose of defeating Abyss. At Bound for glory, Raven would go on to lose the match after Abyss gave him a black hole slam on to tacks and glass. On the November 15 episode of Impact, Havok was revealed to be Team 3D's X Division traitor, effectively ending Serotonin. At Turning Point, Raven substituted for Rhino in the "Match of 10,000 Thumbtacks" and teamed with Abyss to defeat Black Reign and Rellik. Raven was officially released from TNA, and his profile was removed from the roster on March 7, 2008.
Alliance with Dr. Stevie; EV 2.0 (2009–2010)
After an absence of more than a year, Raven surprised fans by returning to TNA on May 28, 2009. He returned as a heel by attacking Abyss with a Kendo stick with Dr. Stevie assisting him. He then aligned himself with Dr. Stevie and Daffney. On the June 18 episode of Impact! he won a Clockwork Orange House of Fun match against Jethro Holliday. At Slammiversary, Abyss and Taylor Wilde defeated Raven and Daffney in the first-ever mixed tag team Monster's Ball match. After the pay-per-view, Raven's name was taken down from the TNA website.
On the November 12, 2009, episode of Impact!, Raven returned again to TNA attacking Abyss and throwing a fireball at Mick Foley's face, aligning himself again with Dr. Stevie and Daffney. At Final Resolution, Abyss and Foley defeated Stevie and Raven in a "Foley's Funhouse" tag team match. Raven appeared on the January 4 episode of Impact!, teaming with Dr. Stevie in a number one contender's tag team match, where they were defeated by Matt Morgan and Hernandez. He appeared on the February 18 episode of Impact!, helping Eric Bischoff take out Abyss, along with Rhino, Homicide, Tomko, and Desmond Wolfe.
Raven returned to television four months later on the June 24 episode of Impact! showing signs of a face turn, appearing in the Impact! Zone crowd beside Stevie Richards and Tommy Dreamer. The following week the three were joined by Rhino. On the July 15 episode of Impact! Raven, Dreamer, Richards, Rhino, Brother Devon, Pat Kenney and Al Snow, led by Mick Foley, aligned themselves with the TNA World Heavyweight Champion Rob Van Dam by attacking Abyss and the rest of the TNA locker room. The following week, TNA president Dixie Carter agreed to give the ECW alumni their own reunion pay–per–view event, Hardcore Justice: The Last Stand, as a celebration of hardcore wrestling and a final farewell to the company. On the July 29 episode of Impact! Raven re–ignited his old feud with Dreamer by turning on him, after his match with Abyss, and laying him out with a DDT on a chair and in doing so, turned heel. The following week, Raven explained his turn by saying that he had not forgotten how Dreamer had "stolen", and later married, his girlfriend Beulah McGillicutty, who turned on Raven back in 1996 during his and Dreamer's initial feud. On August 8 at Hardcore Justice Raven defeated Dreamer in a "Final Showdown" match refereed by Mick Foley. On the following episode of Impact!, the ECW alumni, known collectively as Extreme, Version 2.0 (EV 2.0), were assaulted by A.J. Styles, Kazarian, Robert Roode, James Storm, Douglas Williams and Matt Morgan of Ric Flair's stable, who thought they didn't deserve to be in TNA, thus once again turning Raven face. At Bound for Glory, Raven, Dreamer, Rhino, Richards and Sabu defeated members Styles, Kazarian, Morgan, Roode and Storm in a Lethal Lockdown match. At Turning Point, EV 2.0 faced Fortune in a ten-man tag team match, where each member of EV 2.0 put their TNA careers on the line. In the end, EV 2.0 lost the match and Sabu was released from TNA. Two weeks later on Impact!, Raven was forced to put his TNA future on the line in a match against the TNA World Heavyweight Champion Jeff Hardy. Hardy won the match and as a result Raven was released from TNA. His release from the company was legitimate. Raven worked one last match for the promotion on November 12, 2010, defeating TNA Television Champion A.J. Styles in a non–title match at the Farewell at the Asylum live event.
Independent circuit and semi-retirement (2008–present)
In 2008, Raven appeared in Juggalo Championship Wrestling (JCW) for Season 2 of SlamTV!. In the main event of the second episode, JCW Heavyweight Champion Corporal Robinson put his title on the line against Sexy Slim Goody. When Robinson attempted to hit the Boot Camp, the lights shut off in the arena. When they turned back on, Raven appeared in the ring and hit Robinson with his Evenflow DDT, before stealing the JCW Heavyweight Championship belt. In the third episode, Raven introduced Sexy Slim Goody as his newest lackey. When Robinson ran out to the ring to take his title back, Sexy Slim Goody (kayfabe) knocked him out with a steel chair shot, and Raven began to shave Robinson's afro. Sabu appeared from out of the crowd and scared Raven off, leaving Robinson with a half shaved afro. The tag team of Raven and Sexy Slim Goody had a match against Corporal Robinson and Sabu in the following episode. Raven walked out on the match with the stolen championship belt, fleeing from Sabu. At Bloodymania II, Raven lost to Corporal Robinson in a "Loser leaves JCW" Ladder match. However, Raven returned to the company at Bloodymania III in a losing effort against his old nemesis Sabu in a Raven's Rules match.
Levy was the heavyweight champion of CWA Pro Wrestling, an independent professional wrestling promotion based out of Orangeburg, South Carolina, from March 15 through August 8, 2008. He won the championship when he defeated Timber in Charlotte, North Carolina on March 15. He was stripped of the title after missing several shows, therefore not being able to defend the championship. Levy was also featured doing shows overseas at Russia's Independent Wrestling Federation, battling Joe Legend. In April 2008, Raven toured Australia and New Zealand including several seminars as well as performing. In June, Raven wrestled for multiple European promotions which included losing to The Vampire Warrior in a flaming tables match for Nu-Wrestling Evolution.
In 2009, Raven regularly wrestled for Collective League of Adrenaline Strength and Honor, NWA Charlotte and Showtime Allstar Wrestling. On August 2, 2009, Raven defeated reigning champion Preston Quinn to win the Vanguard Championship Wrestling World Heavyweight Title in Norfolk, Virginia at the NorVa. Post match, Larry Zbyszko and Raven had a war of words, where Raven challenged Zbyszko to find an opponent to face him for the VCW World Title, a match which he consequently won. In November, he wrestled all across Europe, touring with American Wrestling Rampage.
In January 2010, Raven took on Chris Harris for the PICW Heavyweight Championship and lost. At Bloodymania IV, in the main event Raven took on Corporal Robinson and Mike Knox in a triple threat match for the JCW Heavyweight Championship where Robinson retained his championship.
At JCW Legends and Icons, he was involved in a seven way "Philly Madness" match which included former ECW stars such as Sabu, Shane Douglas and the eventual winner, Rhino. Two days later at Bloodymania V, Raven and Sexy Slim Goody won the JCW Tag Team Championship. On September 16, he defeated Jocephus for the USWO Heavyweight Championship and would lose it in November 11 to Jocephus. At JCW New Year's Eve Ninja Party!, Raven lost the tag team championship back to The Ring Rydas.
On April 28, 2012, Raven debuted for Extreme Rising in a dark match against Gary Wolfe ending in a no contest. On October 27, Raven appeared for Niagara Falls, Ontario based promotion Busted Knuckle Pro Wrestling's Apocalypse event, defeating Eddie Osborne in a Clockwork Orange House of Fun match. During the match, Raven threw out his shoulder while performing a DDT, but still finished the match, despite being hit with several chair shots and even going through a table after the DDT was performed. After the match, he cut a promo putting over all of the young stars in the promotion as well as Osborne, congratulating the promotion on doing a great job so far in his eyes. On November 11 at Extreme Rising, Raven took on Stevie Richards in a loser leaves town match which ended in a no contest.
In the early part of 2013, Raven toured Europe wrestling for various promotions in various countries including Germany and the Netherlands. On May 24, Raven reunited with Perry Saturn in a tag team Raven's Rules match for Billy Corgan's Resistance Pro Wrestling, defeating Brady Pierce and Mad Man Pondo. Raven had spent 2014 in Nigeria and South Africa. He defeated Fury in a singles match at a house show in Lagos, Nigeria on November 7, 2014. He won the WWP Tag Team Championship with Venus on November 24, which they lost December 22 at house show in Abuja, Nigeria. Raven signed with NWF and made his debut on the main event defeating Strong Bone in a Hardcore match on December 23. He teamed with The Steiner Brothers where they defeated Sabu and The Wolves in a Christmas house show in Lagos. He won the NWF World Heavyweight Championship on December 27, defeating Kamjarlio in steel cage match. He earned his first title defense on December 29, by defeating Sabu on a live event in Cairo. He retained again in six-man battle royal on December 30, in a house show in Newark, New Jersey.
Impact Wrestling (2018, 2019, 2020, 2022)
On the December 6, 2018, episode of Impact!, Raven appeared as a mental patient helping Eddie Edwards escape Sandy Acres mental hospital giving Edwards a key card to get out of the hospital.
On the January 3, 2019, episode of Impact!, Raven made a surprise appearance helping Tommy Dreamer attack Eli Drake.
On March 31, 2020, during the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling Special!, Raven made an appearance helping Tommy Dreamer during an altercation with oVe afterwards he attacked Dreamer hitting him with a kendo stick following a match between Rhino and Madman Fulton.
On July 1, 2022, at Against All Odds, Raven returned to Impact Wrestling as a special guest commentator for the Clockwork Orange House of Fun match between Moose and Sami Callihan.
On September 23, 2022, at Victory Road, it was announced that Raven would be inducted into the Impact Hall of Fame. On October 7, at Bound for Glory, during the pre-show Raven was inducted into the Hall of Fame by Tommy Dreamer.
Major League Wrestling (2023-present)
In the summer of 2022, segments aired showing members of the Major League Wrestling (MLW) roster laid out, each with a calling card on their body. On March 7, 2023, Raven made his appearance known in an MLW video revealing himself as the leader of a heel stable known as The Calling—consisting of Rickey Shane Page and Akira, Delirious, Dr. Cornwallus, and Mandy Leon—who would attack wrestlers during their matches. April 8, 2023, he participated in Battle Riot V as the seventeenth entrant, before eliminating himself by going over the top rope.
Other media
Filmography
Film
Television
Comedy
In 2010, Levy began working as a stand-up comic, taking part in Bob Levy's Levy World Order comedy tour.
Music videos
Along with Diamond Dallas Page and members of Raven's Flock, he appeared in a music video for the band Stuck Mojo's song "Rising".
In 2011, Raven starred in the music video "Owata" by the Smashing Pumpkins.
Merchandising
According to the Wrestling Figure Checklist, there are 18 different Raven action figures from WWE, TNA, WCW and ECW, making him one of few wrestlers to have one from these four major promotions.
Personal life
Levy possesses an IQ of 143 and is a member of Mensa and the Theta Chi fraternity. He suffers from type 2 diabetes, and has also been diagnosed with borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorder. Levy married in January 2007, but announced on Twitter in March 2013 that he and his wife had divorced.
Levy is a lifelong fan of comic books. In Wizard Magazines May 1999 issue, Levy is quoted as saying
I love the Marvel Knights line. I'm a big Kevin Smith fan, and his work on Daredevil is the best on that book since Frank Miller's stuff. Inhumans is also great. It could be the break-out book of the year because they're finally treating them as real characters instead of just freaks and monsters with no personality.
The article goes on to say that he is a big fan of Watchmen, Swamp Thing, and especially Sandman and that he has a tattoo of Neil Gaiman's Sandman character (Dream) on his back. Levy, along with Brian Azzarello, wrote Issue #14 of Spider-Man's Tangled Web, entitled "The Last Shoot". The comic was based around the professional wrestler (named Crusher Hogan) who Peter Parker defeated in the character's first appearance in Amazing Fantasy. He also provided a cover quote for a trade paperback edition of 100 Bullets.
Levy, along with former colleague Chris Kanyon and colleague Mike Sanders, attempted to sue World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) for "cheating them out of health care and other benefits", but a federal judge in Stamford, Connecticut dismissed the case. In a 2010 interview Levy explained that the case was dismissed due to statute of limitations running out.
Championships and accomplishments All Action Wrestling AAW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Australasian Wrestling Federation AWF Australasian Championship (1 time)
Extreme Championship Wrestling ECW World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
ECW World Tag Team Championship (4 times) – with Stevie Richards (2), Tommy Dreamer (1) and Mike Awesome (1)Extreme Wrestling Federation EWF Championship (1 time)Great Championship WrestlingGCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Heartland Wrestling Association HWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Hugh MorrusHigh Risk Pro Wrestling HRPW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Juggalo Championship Wrestling JCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Sexy Slim Goody
Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation MEWF Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
National Wrestling Alliance NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
National Wrestling Federation NWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
NWA Total Nonstop Action / Total Nonstop Action Wrestling / Impact Wrestling NWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
King of the Mountain (2005)
Gauntlet for the Gold (2003 – Heavyweight)
Impact Hall of Fame (2022)
Pacific Northwest Wrestling NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Top Gun (1), The Grappler (1), and Steve Doll (1)
NWA Pacific Northwest Television Championship (1 time)
Pro-Pain Pro Wrestling 3PW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated Ranked No. 22 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2003
Ranked No. 168 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the "PWI Years" in 2003Ring Around The Northwest Newsletter''Wrestler of the Year (1989–1990)
United States Xtreme Wrestling UXW Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
United States Wrestling Association USWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Brian Christopher
United States Wrestling Organization USWO Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
USA Pro Wrestling USA Pro Heavyweight Championship (5 times)
Vanguard Championship Wrestling VCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Championship Wrestling WCW Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WCW World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Perry Saturn
World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment'''
WWF/WWE Hardcore Championship (26 times)
Luchas de Apuestas record
See also
List of Jewish professional wrestlers
Footnotes
External links
1964 births
20th-century professional wrestlers
21st-century professional wrestlers
American male professional wrestlers
American podcasters
ECW Heavyweight Champions/ECW World Heavyweight Champions
ECW World Tag Team Champions
Goth subculture
Impact Hall of Fame inductees
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish professional wrestlers
Living people
Mensans
NWA/WCW/WWE United States Heavyweight Champions
NWA World Heavyweight Champions
Professional wrestlers from Pennsylvania
People from Lake Worth Beach, Florida
People with borderline personality disorder
People with histrionic personality disorder
People with narcissistic personality disorder
Professional wrestlers from Florida
Professional wrestling announcers
Professional wrestling managers and valets
Professional wrestling podcasters
ECW Originals members
United States Marine Corps reservists
University of Delaware alumni
WWF/WWE Hardcore Champions
USWA World Tag Team Champions
WCW World Tag Team Champions
1988 professional wrestling debuts |
"Thumbling," published in German as "Daumesdick" (literally, "Thumb-thick") is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimm's Fairy Tales in 1819 (KHM 37). The Grimms included another, similar story, "Thumbling's Travels." Both stories are related to the English Tom Thumb and often share its title when translated into English.
It is categorized as Aarne-Thompson type 700 ("Tom Thumb") and also contains an episode of type 41 ("Overeating in the Pantry").
Synopsis
In "Thumbling", a poor childless peasant couple wishes for a child "no matter how small" aloud. Seven months later the wife has a small child "no longer than a thumb" which they call "Thumbling" and who becomes a "wise and nimble creature." Thumbling as he grows wishes to help his father in the chores so one day asks if he can lead their horse to where his father is working by sitting in the horse's ear and giving it directions. As Thumbling performs this chore, two strange men notice the horse being led by a loud voice, and when they find out the voice belongs to a person sitting in the horse's ear, ask the peasant if they can buy Thumbling to "make a fortune" in exhibiting the little man. Thumbling convinces the peasant to take the money and leaves with the men by sitting on the brim of one of the men's hats. Then after a while Thumbling tricks the men into letting him down and he goes to hide in a mouse hole.
Later in the night Thumbling tries to sleep in a snail shell but is awakened by the sound of robbers plotting to rob a pastor's house. Thumbling yells out to them to take him along and he will help them rob it, by going into the house and handing things out to them. The robbers agree to carry him to the pastor and Thumbling makes much noise in the house pretending to help the robbers steal. Thumbling wakes people up by yelling things like "What do you want? Do you want everything...?" making the robbery very obvious. A maid wakes up and scares off the robbers but does not see Thumbling. Thumbling gets a good night sleep in the hay. However, in the morning the maid feeds the hay that he was sleeping in to the cow. Thumbling begins to yell from the cow's stomach but the pastor thinks that an "evil spirit" had entered the cow, and has it killed. The cow's stomach is thrown into a dung heap, and before Thumbling climbs all the way out of the stomach, a wolf eats it. Thumbling, now inside of the wolf's stomach, persuades the wolf to take him home to his parents' on pretense of eating everything there. His parents kill the wolf to get Thumbling out and promise never to sell him again, not for "all the riches in the world." They give him food, drink and new clothes.
Textual information
The original KHM 37 "Von der Serviette, dem Kanonenhütlein und dem Horn" (first edition, 1812) was replaced by "Daumesdick" in the 2nd edition (1819).
Analysis
Classification
KHM 37 Daumesdick ("Thumbling") is categorized as tale type ATU 700, under the general title "Tom Thumb" type tales. The Grimms also noted that the two belonged to the "same class of fables".
Edgar Taylor who translated Daumesdick as "Tom Thumb" in 1823, pointed out that the character is paralleled by the English folklore character Tom Thumb. Taylor also theorized, based on the characters' names, that another parallel was Tam Lin.
Medical aspects
Thumbling ("Daumesdick") was born after only 7 months since his mother fell ill, but his premature birth notwithstanding, it has been pointed out that there was a German superstition that 7-month gestation resulted in the birth of a child with more vigor, as described under the entry "Sieben monatlich" (Seven Monthly) in Johann Heinrich Zedler's 18th century Great Universal Lexicon.
See also
Issun-boshi
Thumbelina
Thumbling's Travels
References
Bibliography
Bolte, Johannes; Polívka, Jiri. Anmerkungen zu den Kinder- u. hausmärchen der brüder Grimm. Erster Band (NR. 1-60). Germany, Leipzig: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 1913. pp. 389–398.
. Reprinted (1904), Henry Frowde.
Further reading
Raufman, Ravit. "The Birth of Fingerling as a Feminine Projection: Maternal Psychological Mechanisms in the Fingerling Fairy Tale". In: Western Folklore 68, no. 1 (2009): 49–71. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40600497.
External links
Grimms' Fairy Tales
Fairy tale stock characters
ATU 700-749 |
Zungoli is a town and comune in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy, about from the town of Avellino.
Located in Irpinia historical district between the Ufita Valley and Daunian Mountains, Zungoli is awarded a quality mark, Bandiera arancione, and it is a member of the ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") association.
Zungoli is believed to have been settled around 900 AD. Many of the Italians in Dobbs Ferry in the U.S. state of New York are descendants of immigrants from Zungoli, as are communities of Italians in Bristol UK.
The town is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia and its territory borders the municipalities of Anzano di Puglia, Ariano Irpino, Flumeri, Monteleone di Puglia, San Sossio Baronia, and Villanova del Battista.
References
External links
Official website
Cities and towns in Campania
Borghi più belli d'Italia |
Murmansk Oblast (, ; ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of . Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, as well is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 795,409, but at the 2021 Census this had declined to 667,744.
Geography
Geographically, Murmansk Oblast is located mainly on the Kola Peninsula almost completely north of the Arctic Circle and is a part of the larger Sápmi (Lapland) region that spans over four countries. The oblast borders with the Republic of Karelia in Russia in the south, Lapland Region in Finland in the west, Troms and Finnmark County in Norway in the northwest, and is bounded by the Barents Sea in the north and the White Sea in the south and east. Arkhangelsk Oblast of Russia lies across the White Sea.
Much of the oblast's relief is hilly, with the Khibiny and Lovozero ranges rising as high as above sea level and stretching from west to east. The highest point of Murmansk Oblast is Yudychvumchorr, a flat-topped peak of the Khibiny. The north of the oblast is mostly covered by tundra; forest tundra prevails further south, while the southern regions are in the taiga zone. There are over 100,000 lakes and 18,000 rivers in the oblast. The coast contains the Rybachy Peninsula and the Cape Svyatoy Nos peninsulas.
The climate is harsh and unstable, due to the proximity of the Gulf Stream on one side and Arctic cold fronts on the other. Sharp temperature changes, high winds, and abundant precipitation are common throughout the year, with the heating season lasting for ten straight months. However, the waters of the Murman Coast in the south remain warm enough to remain ice-free even in winter.
There is also a large number of islands belonging to the oblast, the main ones being (west to east) the Aynovy Islands, Bolshoy Oleny Island, Kildin Island Malyy Oleniy Island, Kharlov Island, Vesknyak Island, Litskiye Island, Nokuyev Island, Vitte Island, Lumbovskiy Island, Goryainov Island and Sosnovets Island.
Lakes
Lake Yurkhyamyayarvi
Climate
Most areas of the Kola Peninsula are subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc). The nearby islands usually belong to tundra (Köppen climate classification: ET).
History
The Saami, now a very small minority, are the indigenous people of the region. Russians started exploring the shores of the White Sea as early as in the 12th century, and in 1916 founded the Russian city of Murmansk, now home to or nearly 40% of the oblast's population. Many Finns also immigrated to Murmansk during the Finnish famine, around the year 1860.
The oblast was established on May 28, 1938 from Murmansk Okrug of Leningrad Oblast (comprising the city of Murmansk, Kirovsky, Kolsky, Lovozersky, Polyarny, Saamsky, Teribersky, and Tersky Districts) and Kandalakshsky District of the Karelian ASSR.
The area of Pechengsky District (Petsamo in Finnish), which was ceded to Finland by the 1920 Treaty of Tartu and gave Finland access to the Barents Sea, was recaptured by the Soviet Union in 1940. After the Paris Peace Treaties of 1947, the local Saami population was given the choice either of staying in Soviet Russia or resettling in Finland. Most of them chose the second option. On 30 October 1997, Murmansk, alongside Astrakhan, Kirov, Ulyanovsk, and Yaroslavl signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy. The agreement would be abolished on 31 May 2003.
Politics
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Murmansk CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.
The Charter of Murmansk Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Murmansk Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
Governors of Murmansk Oblast
Chairmen of the Murmansk Oblast Duma
Source:
Administrative divisions
Demographics
Population:
The indigenous people of the area, the Saami, are only a tiny minority today. As of the 2002 Census, 92.2% of the oblast's population live in urban areas. The most populous city is the Oblast's administrative center, Murmansk, with 270,000 inhabitants in 2021. Other large cities and towns include Severomorsk, Apatity, Kandalaksha, Monchegorsk, and Kirovsk.
According to the 2010 Census, the ethnic composition of the oblast was as follows:
Russians: 89%
Ukrainians: 4.8%
Belarusians: 1.7%
Tatars: 0.8%
Azeris: 0.5%
Mordvins: 0.2%
Karelians: 0.2%
Komi: 0.2%
Saami: 0.2%
others: 2.4%
73,484 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
Vital statistics for 2022:
Births: 5,682 (7.9 per 1,000)
Deaths: 8,777 (12.1 per 1,000)
Total fertility rate (2022):
1.47 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021):
Total — 68.29 years (male — 63.72, female — 72.85)
In 2009, the urban areas were marked by natural population decline (−0.16% per year) and the rural areas were marked by natural population growth (+0.35% per year).
Religion
According to a 2012 survey 41.7% of the population of Murmansk Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to any church or are members of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches, 1% are adherents of Islam, 0.4% are adherents of Rodnovery (Slavic native faith) and other indigenous folk religions, and 1% are members of the Catholic Church. In addition, 28% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 12% is atheist, and 12.5% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.
Economy
The Murmansk Oblast is very rich in natural resources and has deposits of over 700 minerals. The main industries of the region are in the sphere of raw material extraction and basic processing. The largest industries are metallurgy (36,6%), electric power-production (22,9%) and food-industry, including fishing (13,7%). The icefree port of Murmansk plays an important role in marine transportation in Russia, and the oblast has a 41% share of the total Russian marine transport market. The fishing industry is among the most profitable in the region, supplying 16% of Russia's total fish production. Murmansk is a key base for three fishing fleets, including Russia's largest, the Murmansk Trawl Fleet.
The economy of the region is export-oriented. Main export items are nickel products, apatite concentrate, copper and copper products, aluminium and ferrous metals. The Murmansk Region produces almost 100 percent of Russia's apatite concentrate (3.7 million tons in 1998), 43 percent of nickel, 15 percent of copper, 12 percent of iron ore and iron ore concentrate (17.7 million and 6.4 million tons in 1998), and 40 percent of cobalt.
The largest companies of the region – constituting 90% of the oblast's production – are Pechenganickel, Olcon, the Kola Nuclear Power Plant, Sevrybkholodflot, Murmanrybprom, Murmansk Trawl Fleet and Murmansk Shipping Company.
Large oil and gas resources have been discovered on the shelf of the Barents sea, including the massive Shtokman field – one of the world's largest gas fields with estimated reserves of 3.8 trillion cubic meters. Prospective oil fields could potentially yield up to 40 million tons in the next 10–15 years. However, the development of the oil and gas resources will require considerable investment.
In 2006, the Murmansk Oblast's gross regional product was 141.9 billion rubles, which amounts to about 0.4% of the Russian GDP. Unemployment in 2006 was 3,4%. GRP pro capita in 2007 was 225 044 rubles. Regional automobile code is 51.
Transport
Airports in Murmansk (international), Kirovsk, Kandalaksha, Severomorsk (military), Lovozero (military), Ponoy, and Krasnoshchelye (small planes and choppers).
Strategic Oktyabrskaya Railway which connects Murmansk with Saint-Petersburg and central Russia. Main stations are Murmansk, Olenegorsk, Kandalaksha. There is also important shoulder to Nikel, the Murmansk-Nikel Railway.
Local one-way railways
Sea routes to small military towns and naval bases on Murman Coast (Ostrovnoy, Svyatoy Nos).
Automobile roads
Military
The Murmansk Oblast plays an important role for the Russian Navy, the Northern Fleet having its headquarters in Severomorsk, 25 km north of Murmansk. The Navy has several other bases and shipyards in the Murmansk Oblast.
The 200th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade is stationed at Pechenga.
See also
Barents Region
Lake Chudzyavr
Lake Kildinskoye
References
Notes
Sources
Wm. O. Field, Jr. The Kola Peninsula. Gibraltar of the Western Arctic. The American Quarterly on the Soviet Union. July 1938. Vol. I, No. 2.
External links
Official website of Murmansk Oblast
Directory of organizations in Murmansk
States and territories established in 1938
Fennoscandia
1938 establishments in Russia |
Ritabhari Chakraborty is an Indian Bengali film actress. She is a prominent name in the Indian television and film industry. Chakraborty earned commercial success with the romantic Thriller (2019) and Brahma Janen Gopon Kommoti (2020).
She has been voted by Times of India as the Most Desirable Woman of 2018 in East as well as one of The Top 50 Most Desirable Woman of the country leaving many Bollywood actors behind. She is also the youngest producer in West Bengal. With more than 3 Million followers spread across multiple social platforms, Ritabhari was listed as one of the Most promising youth icons to use “Social media” for good conducted by Facebook. The event was moderated by the global icon Priyanka Chopra. Chakraborty is known to voice her opinions free of inhibitions and she has shared her own journey and experiences in various events like TedX, Josh Talks, and Ink Talk. She made her first appearance in television as the female protagonist of the popular Indian Bengali television show Ogo Bodhu Sundari.
Early life
Chakraborty started her modelling career in when she was still in high school. She made her first appearance in television after her 10th boards examination at age 15 as the female protagonist of the popular Indian Bengali television show Ogo Bodhu Sundari. Despite working on back to back projects, Chakraborty, a high school student back then, maintained her academic standing. She went on to become an All-India national topper in 12th boards examination in History and Bengali. After completing high school, Chakraborty decided to pursue History in Jadavpur University. In 2021, Chakraborty graduated from University of California, Los Angeles where she attended the UCLA Professional Program in UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television and won Acting for the Camera Pitch Competition for her multicultural drama Colors of Silence.
Career
Television & theater
Chakraborty started off as the female protagonist in the Bengali television show Ogo Bodhu Sundari. Owing to the show's immense success, a remake to its Hindi counterpart was also made as Sasural Genda Phool. She also played the protagonist in another television show, Chokher Tara Tui, which aired on STAR Jalsha. However, she had to quit the show prematurely due to health issues.
Chakraborty was also affiliated to the theatre group Jojok. She had played the character of Charulata (in a theatrical adaptation of Tagore's Noshtonir) directed by Gautam Halder.
Short films & music videos
In 2017, Ritabhari starred in a music video Orrey Mon alongside Ayushmann Khurrana, produced by her own production company SCUD. Orrey Mon is a Journey of a young couple trying to fulfil their dream to open a cafe together. The single was a huge success with currently over 20 million views in YouTube]. She went on to acting and producing more content with actors like Kalki Koechlin, Parambrata Chatterjee (Nykaa Tvc), Anurag Kashyap, Rajat Kapoor, Kunal Karan Kapoor (Adda song) and so on.
Ritabhari ventured into writing with the short film Naked, starring Kalki Koechlin, that she produced as well. The short film takes a swipe at the shallowness of entertainment journalism while also landing a blow for a better understanding of the forms of violence against women which includes cyber-crime as well. The short film was nominated for Filmfare. Naked garnered much of a cult fame and received number of recognitions in different cultural festivals as well. SCUD also produced Fool for Love with Anurag Kashyap, a short film featuring Ritabhari as the female protagonist. The story explores the ever relevant story of illusions of love and loneliness in life. It was released in 2019 and has won many accolades for the mind blowing performances.
Movies
In 2011, she was set to make her big screen debut with the film Tomar Shange Praner Khela, directed by Rakesh Kumar, who had also directed Sasural Genda Phool. However, the film was later shelved. She went on working in other films like Barood and Tobu Basanta. She also appeared in Srijit Mukherji's multi starer film Chotushkone in October 2014. She was seen in an Indian Bengali drama film Bawal directed by Biswaroop Biswas. She went on to work in Onyo Apalaa in 2015 which was an official selection in Indian Panorama.
After the release of Naked in 2017, Chakraborty was cast in the Bollywood horror movie 'Pari', which featured Anushka Sharma as the lead protagonist. Her last release was with Bengali star Jeet which performed average at the box office although her performance has been noticed.
Philanthropy
Chakraborty also runs an NGO, SCUD Society for Social Communication, which aims at providing medical camp, cultural activity and training for economic empowerment of the under privileged people. Chakraborty and her mother, Satarupa Sanyal, organise monthly health camps in rural areas of West Bengal.
Filmography
Television
Awards
References
External links
Living people
Actresses in Bengali cinema
Actresses from West Bengal
Jadavpur University alumni
1990s births |
The karyorelictid nuclear code (translation table 27) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the Karyorelictea ciliate Parduczia sp.
The code (27)
AAs = FFLLSSSSYYQQCCWWLLLAPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG
Starts = --------------*--------------------M----------------------------
Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG
Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), and Valine (Val, V).
Differences from the standard code
See also
List of all genetic codes: translation tables 1 to 16, and 21 to 31.
The genetic codes database.
References
Molecular genetics
Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis |
Saint Emma Monastery (founded 1931) is a Roman Catholic retreat house and monastery for the Sisters of Saint Benedict of Westmoreland County, located in Greensburg, Pennsylvania.
The current Prioress is Mother Mary Anne Noll OSB.
History
After World War I, the Abbey of Benedictine Nuns of Saint Walpurga in Eichstätt, Bavaria experienced a rapid increase of vocations. At the same time, Saint Vincent Archabbey in Latrobe, was in debt, in part due to the Wall Street Crash of 1929.
The abbey decided to send a group from Bavaria to Pennsylvania. Mother Leonarda Fitz OSB and ten sisters from Bavaria arrived in Western Pennsylvania on Walpurgis Night (February 25), 1931. They established their community at St. Emma and assisted the archabbey through their efforts.
After the onset of World War II, Mother Leonarda received instruction "to look out for yourselves". Mother Leonarda took this to mean "buy your own property". Under the direction of Mother Leonarda, the sisters purchased a property for St. Emma Monastery and Retreat House from John Robertshaw Sr. in 1943. In 1944, the archabbey bought an adjacent farm owned by the Robertshaw family.
When the Catholic Church created the Diocese of Greensburg in 1951, the first bishop, Rev. Hugh Lamb, lived at St. Emma's while making the initial arrangements. St. Emma also served as the diocesan chancery for the first year.
The sisters built a retreat house in 1954. The sisters built the first monastery wing in 1960 and the second wing in 1963.
In 1961, the sisters began to pray the Liturgy of the Hours in English.
External links
St. Emma Monastery
Benedictine monasteries in the United States
Christian organizations established in 1931
Buildings and structures in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania |
The airport apron, apron, flight line, or ramp is the area of an airport where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded, refueled, boarded, or maintained. Although the use of the apron is covered by regulations, such as lighting on vehicles, it is typically more accessible to users than the runway or taxiway. However, the apron is not usually open to the general public, and a permit may be required to gain access. An apron's designated areas for aircraft parking are called aircraft stands.
By extension, the term apron is also used to identify the air traffic control position responsible for coordinating movement on this surface at busier airports. When the aerodrome control tower does not have control over the apron, the use of the apron may be controlled by an apron management service (also known as apron control or apron advisory) to provide coordination between the users. Apron control allocates aircraft parking stands (gates) and communicates this information to tower or ground control and to airline handling agents; it also authorises vehicle movements where they could conflict with taxiing aircraft such as outside of painted road markings. The authority responsible for the aprons is also responsible for relaying to ATC information about the apron conditions such as water, snow, construction or maintenance works on or adjacent to the apron, temporary hazards such as birds or parked vehicles, systems failure etc. Procedures should be established for a coordinated information provision between the aircraft, vehicle, apron control unit and ATC to facilitate the orderly transition of aircraft between the apron management unit and the aerodrome control tower.
The apron is designated by the ICAO as not being part of the maneuvering area but included in the movement area. Aircraft stand taxilanes (providing access to aircraft stands) and apron taxiways (taxi routes across the apron) are located on the apron. All vehicles, aircraft and people using the apron are referred to as apron traffic.
Other terms
Flight line
The US military typically refers to the apron area as the flight line. The RAAF also uses the term flight line.
Tarmac
The apron at airports is sometimes informally called the tarmac, even though most of these areas are paved with concrete, not tarmac. Specific materials used include asphalt concrete (which itself is often inexactly called "tarmac", adding to the confusion), porous friction course, and Portland cement concrete.
Ramp
In the United States, the word ramp is an older term for an area where pre-flight activities were done; an apron was any area for parking and maintenance. Passenger gates are the main feature of a terminal ramp. The word apron is the ICAO and FAA terminology (the word ramp is not), so the word ramp is not used with this meaning outside the US, Canada, the Maldives, and the Philippines. IATA cites ramp as an equivalent term to apron.
For seaplanes, a ramp is used to access the apron from the water.
See also
Pavement Classification Number (PCN)
Hardstand
References
External links
Challenges to airport ramp and runway debris control
Airport infrastructure |
Rossina Soca (born 17 May 1988) is a team handball goalkeeper from Uruguay. She has played on the Uruguay women's national handball team, and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.
References
1988 births
Living people
Uruguayan female handball players
Handball players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Uruguay
21st-century Uruguayan women |
Auguste Mambour (1896–1968) was a Belgian painter.
1896 births
1968 deaths
Artists from Liège
Belgian poster artists
20th-century Belgian painters |
Cathie Beck (born August 3, 1955) is an American journalist and creative writer based in Denver, Colorado. Her memoir Cheap Cabernet: A Friendship, which she self-published in October 2009, was published by Hyperion Books in July 2010.
Her short stories have been published in Riverrun Literary Magazine, Glimmer Train Literary Collective, Red Dirt Publications, and Zoetrope Stories, to name a few, and in innumerable university literary periodicals and publications.
Graduate of the Louisiana Tech University Journalism Department, and the Creative Writing Graduate Program at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Beck has written for the Daily Camera (Boulder), the Los Angeles Times, The Denver Post, The Rocky Mountain News, The Denver Business Journal, Poets & Writers Magazine, and Writer's Digest. She presently contributes to a number of major publications, including The Denver Post, and is “The Wine Wench” columnist for ColoradoBiz magazine and KUVO in Denver, Colorado.
She is the recipient of the Louisiana Press Women's and Denver Press Woman's Writing Awards, the Scripps-Howard Award for Excellence in Journalism, and the University of Colorado’s Dean's Award for Writing.
Biography
Born in Ft. Dodge, Iowa, Beck has called Indianapolis, Indiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Boulder, Colorado home. She currently resides in Denver, Colorado.
Literary Influences
Beck's literary influences include Flannery O'Connor, Dorothy Parker, Anton Chekhov, Leo Tolstoy, Raymond Carver, Barbara Kingsolver, Frank McCourt, and David Sedaris.
References
The Denver Post people
1955 births
Living people |
Aphis gossypii is a tiny insect, an aphid ("greenfly") in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. It is a widely distributed pest of a variety of agricultural crops in the families Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae and Malvaceae. Common names include cotton aphid, melon aphid and melon and cotton aphid.
Distribution
It is not known where this species originated, but it is now found in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except extreme northern areas. It is common in North and South America, Central Asia, Africa, Australia, Brazil, East Indies, Mexico and Hawaii and in most of Europe. It is cosmopolitan in habitat. It thrives outdoors in southern Europe but survives only under glass in northern Europe. In the former Soviet Union it is found up to 54°N.
Morphology
The wingless female cotton aphid has an ovoid body about two millimetres long in varying shades of green. The legs are yellow, as are the antennae which are three quarters of the length of the body. The apices of the femora, tibia and tarsi are black. The cylindrical black siphunculi are wide at the base and one fifth of the body length. The winged female has a fusiform body. Its head and thorax are black, the abdomen yellowish-green with black lateral spots and the antennae are longer than those of the apterous female. The nymphs vary in colour, being shades of green, tan and gray. They often have a dark head, thorax and wing pads and the distal portion of the abdomen is usually dark green. The body appears dull because it is dusted with wax secretions. The oval eggs are yellow when first laid but soon turn glossy black.
In the southern half of the US, as far north as Arkansas, sexual reproduction of the cotton aphid is not important. Females continue to produce offspring without mating so long as the weather is favourable for feeding and growth. Further north, the cotton aphid can be holocyclic and involve two host species, with a broadleaved tree such as Catalpa, Rhamnus or Hibiscus acting as the primary host. In Europe it reproduces exclusively by asexual reproduction and can produce nearly fifty generations a year under favourable conditions. In Russia various wild plants are hosts to the overwintering eggs. Winged forms then migrate to secondary host species in the families Rosaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Compositae and others. Parthenogenesis on these hosts allows large populations of aphids to build up quickly. The life span of a parthenogenic female is about twenty days in which time it can produce up to 85 nymphs. These mature in about twenty days at 10 °C and in about four days at 30 °C. As autumn approaches, the winged forms migrate back to the primary hosts. Here, both males and sexual females are produced, mating takes place and the females lay eggs which overwinter, ready to repeat the life cycle the following year.
Predators include midges, lacewings, syrphid fly larvae, anthocorid bugs and ladybirds (ladybeetles). Several members of the Aphidiinae and Aphelinidae wasp families are parasitoids of aphids. One which shows promise as a biocontrol agent is Aphelinus asychis.
Host plants
The cotton aphid has a very wide host range with at least 60 host plants being known in Florida and perhaps 700 worldwide. Among cucurbit vegetables, it can seriously affect watermelons, cucumbers, cantaloupes, squash and pumpkin. Other vegetable crops attacked include pepper, eggplant, okra and asparagus. It also affects citrus, cotton and hibiscus.
Economic significance
The adults and nymphs of the cotton aphid feed on the underside of leaves or on the growing tips of shoots, sucking juices from the plant. The foliage may become chlorotic and die prematurely. There is often a great deal of leaf curling and distortion which hinders efficient photosynthesis. Honeydew is excreted by the aphids and this allows sooty moulds to grow, resulting in a decrease in the quantity and quality of the produce. The aphids are a vector of crinkle, mosaic, rosette, CTV and other virus diseases. The aphids' impact is especially important on vegetable crops such as courgette, melon, cucumber, aubergine and strawberry and on cotton, citrus and mallow.
Insecticides
Carbamates and organophosphates are commonly used against A. gossypii around the world.
Insecticide resistance
Resistance to carbamates and organophosphates has been traced to two variant acetylcholinesterase genes in A. gossypii, MACE and MACE.
References
gossypii
Agricultural pest insects
Insects described in 1877
Hemiptera of Africa
Insect pests of millets |
Korovinskaya () is a rural locality (a village) in Ilyinskoye Rural Settlement, Kharovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 8 as of 2002.
Geography
Korovinskaya is located 22 km northeast of Kharovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sotonikha is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kharovsky District |
James E. Brau (born 1946) is an American physicist at the University of Oregon (UO) who conducts research on elementary particles and fields. He founded the Oregon experimental high energy physics group in 1988 and served as director of the UO Center for High Energy Physics from 1997 to 2016. Prior to joining the Oregon faculty, he served in the Air Force and held positions at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and the University of Tennessee. He is a fellow of both the American Physical Society and also the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2006 he was appointed the Philip H. Knight Professor of Natural Science, an endowed professorship.
Early life and education
James Edward Brau, son of Rose and James Ernest Brau, was born in 1946 in Tacoma, Washington, in the U.S. He was graduated in 1965 from Lincoln High School in Tacoma. Brau received an appointment from Rep. Thor Tollefson to the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), where he double-majored in physics and mathematics, earning a Bachelor of Science in 1969. He earned a Scientiæ Magister degree in physics in 1970 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) working with advisor Irwin A. Pless.
While in the Air Force he took graduate classes at the University of New Mexico in 1972–1973. Based on data collected at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory with research advisor Richard K. Yamamoto, in January 1978 he earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree in physics at MIT. He was supported by a Fannie and John Hertz Foundation Fellowship from 1969 to 1970 and 1974–77.
Brau married in 1969 and has two adult sons and four grandchildren.
Career and research
Brau served in the Guidance Test Directorate at Holloman Air Force Base in 1970–1971, and in the Theoretical Branch of the Air Force Weapons Laboratory at Kirtland Air Force Base during 1971–1974, working with Gregory Canavan. At Kirtland Brau carried out theoretical studies of laser-target interactions, electromagnetic pulse, and charged particle beams. He served as chief of the General Physics Group in 1973–1974, and resigned his Air Force commission in 1974 as a captain.
He was a research associate at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in the bubble chamber experimental research group from 1978 to 1982. There he was responsible for the hybrid bubble chamber facility's lead glass detector, in collaboration with colleagues from Duke University, Florida State University and the University of Tennessee. On the physics faculty at the University of Tennessee from 1982 to 1988, he continued investigations of photoproduction of charmed particles and vector mesons at SLAC. He joined the SLD Collaboration, beginning preparations for an experiment at the SLAC Linear Collider. He studied the design of a uranium calorimeter for SLD and in 1985 published an analysis in collaboration with Tony A. Gabriel — the first to show that despite earlier experimental work, compensation cannot be achieved with liquid argon readout. Using Monte Carlo calculations, Brau and Gabriel showed the importance of low energy neutron interactions with the readout medium hydrogen to achieve compensation.
Brau joined the physics faculty at the University of Oregon in 1988, establishing the first Oregon experimental particle physics group to collaborate with Oregon's existing particle theory group. During early years at Oregon, Brau's research continued to be based on the SLAC Linear Collider where he collaborated on the SLD experiment. He led the design, construction and operation of an innovative silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter luminosity monitor. During the active period of the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) Brau joined the GEM detector project. When the SSC was terminated in 1993, he was appointed project manager for the SLD vertex detector upgrade at SLAC, and led the project which produced a 307,000,000 pixel CCD vertex detector for SLD.
The University of Oregon established the Center for High Energy Physics in 1997, with Brau as founding director. The Center sponsors seminars, visiting scientists, interactions between theoretical and experimental physicists, and also supports graduate students.
Brau led the Oregon group into the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Scientific Collaboration in 1997; he was a co-author of the 2016 gravitational wave discovery paper.
Brau's research group participated in the NuTeV experiment at Fermilab and BaBar at PEP-II at SLAC before applying to join the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2005. Brau leads the UO group of faculty, postdoctoral researchers and graduate students at the LHC; in 2012 he was a co-author of the ATLAS Higgs boson discovery paper.
The UO experimental group has grown to include approximately 30 researchers, including five faculty, as well as post-doctoral students, graduate students and undergraduates. The group has been supported since 1988 by a total of more than US$30 million in grants from the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation.
Brau has served on numerous advisory panels and review committees, including the Department of Energy High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP) from 2005 to 2008; the HEPAP Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel, from 2007 to 2011; chair, SLAC Scientific Policy Committee from 2001 to 2004; Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee from 2002 to 2006; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Physics Review Committee from 2003 to 2007; the International Advisory Board, Physics at the Terascale, Strategic Helmholtz Alliance, Germany, since 2007; and the International Advisory Committee, International Conference on Calorimetry in Particle Physics, since 2013.
Brau co-chaired the organizing committee of the World-wide Study of the Physics and Detectors for Future Linear electron-positron Colliders from 2002 to 2014. He has been a leader in the worldwide collaboration to design and build the International Linear Collider. In December 2016 Brau was named "Associate Director for Physics and Detectors" of the Linear Collider Collaboration, effective January 2017.
Ph.D. graduates advised
Honors and awards
Upon graduation from USAFA, Brau received the award as Outstanding Cadet in Physics of the Class of 1969. He was a Hertz Foundation Fellow for the duration of his graduate work at MIT.
In 2000, Brau was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society, for "contributions to the development of particle detectors, particularly calorimeters and vertex detectors, and for studies of the properties of the Z boson with the SLD".
Brau is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
At the University of Oregon in 2006, Brau was named Philip H. Knight Professor of Natural Science, an endowed position funded by Oregon alumnus Philip H. Knight.
In 2009 he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, for "distinguished contributions to the field of elementary particle physics, particularly for developing and applying new technologies to facilitate precision tests of the Standard Model".
In 2011, Brau received the University of Oregon Research Innovation Award. In 2012, he was chosen to deliver the Inaugural Presidential Research Lecture at the University of Oregon.
References
External links
Oral history interview transcript with James Brau on 11 May 2021, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr & Archives
Einstein's Warped Universe: Riding Gravitational Waves through Space-Time (video, 1:22:56 hours)
The Higgs-Boson: Window on the Big Bang (video, 1:23:47 hours) (UO Presidential research lecture)
I want the ILC! by Jim Brau (video, 1:22 minutes)
Recent Discoveries on the Frontiers of Science (mp4 video, 59 minutes)
Two Minutes of Darkness: Dr. Jim Brau on the Total Eclipse (audio, 5:29 minutes)
1946 births
21st-century American physicists
Educators from Washington (state)
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Senior Members of the IEEE
United States Air Force Academy alumni
University of Oregon faculty
University of Tennessee faculty
Lincoln High School (Tacoma, Washington) alumni |
Dr. Siti Mirza Nuria Arifin (born December 30, 1953) better known by her screen name Dr. Siti Mirza was an Indonesian obstetrics and gynaecology doctor, businesswomen, singer, model and beauty queen who initially won Miss Universe Indonesia 1977, she went to represents Indonesia and competed in Miss Universe 1977 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Early life and career
Siti was born on December 30, 1953, to a Palembangese father, Zainal Arifin Zen and a Palembangese mother, Halimah Nuria. Siti earned her master's degree in Doctor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from Sriwijaya University in Palembang, South Sumatra, and she currently work as a Obstetrician and Gynaecologist in RSIA Siti Khadijah Palembang and a lecture in Sriwijaya University. Siti is a Polyglot, She fluently speaks Indonesian, English, German, Dutch and French, and this is what public speaking has become her capital and has always brought Siti to become a champion in the women's beauty pageant, she said.
In 1978, a year after competing in Miss Universe 1977, Siti married with Dr. Emyr Rasyid, a doctor and vocalist on "Country Road", an Indonesian 80's music group specializing in country music lead by Tantowi Yahya, who previously served as the Indonesian Ambassador to New Zealand and South Pacific countries. Once a week, Siti takes part as a singer who is part of the music group and appears on TVRI every weekend. On 19 September 2020, Siti husband, Dr. Emyr Rasyid died due to heart attack in Central General Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin, Palembang, South Sumatra.
On 3 August 2021, as previously reported, Siti Mirza Nuria Arifin was often called by Doctor Nur. She reported Akidi Tio's youngest child, Heriyanti, to the police regarding cases of fraud and embezzlement. The report was made at the South Sumatra Regional Police SPKT on August 3, 2021, with Case Number; "LP/B/704/VIII/2021/SPKT/South Sumatra Police", where as much as 2 trillion rupiah (equal to USD134.000.000) belonging to Siti was not returned after being borrowed by Heriyanti. This problem also eventually dragged the Singapore Police Intelligence Department (PID) because of the embezzlement of money in several Singapore banks committed by Heriyanti.
Pageantry
Miss World
Before Siti competed in Miss Universe 1977, she supposedly represented Indonesia at Miss World 1977 in London, for the nation's first debut in the Miss World event. However the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia in Jakarta announced that Indonesia had decided to withdraw from participating in the Miss World 1977 competition, due to protests over the presence of the "white Miss South Africa", 20-year-old Vanessa Wannenburg.
Miss Universe
As the winner of Puteri Indonesia 1977], at the age of 24, Siti represent Indonesia in the Miss Universe 1977 pageant, She travelled to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, she became the fourth Indonesian and the first Sumatran to ever competed in Miss Universe pageant. At the end of the finale, she is not making into the semi-finalist round, but she is placed as one of the "Top 20 in Best in National Costume", out of 80 contestants.
See also
Miss Universe 1977
References
External links
Miss Universe Indonesia winners
Miss Universe 1977 contestants
Sriwijaya University alumni
People from South Sumatra
Indonesian beauty pageant winners
Indonesian female models
Indonesian activists
Indonesian Muslims
Indonesian human rights activists
Indonesian singers
1953 births
Living people |
Dar Dash is an American actor. After receiving his degree at Arts Educational Schools, London, he starred in The Glass Cage at the Northampton Theatre Royal, where he made his stage debut.
Early life
Dash was born and raised in Fairfax, VA. His father is of Persian descent, and his mother is Cuban with Spanish ancestry. Dash is the middle of five sons.
Career
As well as acting in numerous stage productions, Dash has also appeared in the AMC Miniseries, The Prisoner; the 2011 Raindance Film Festival nominated independent film, City Slacker; in Ridley Scott's thriller, The Counselor; and BBC's Jonathan Creek.
In 2014, Dash was nominated for Best Supporting Actor in a short at the Action On Film International Film Festival for his performance in the internationally acclaimed short film, Warhol, in which he co-starred alongside fellow American actor, Corey Johnson.
In October 2017, Dash played famed Nixon speechwriter and The New York Times columnist, William Safire in the play In The Event of Moone Disaster at Theatre503 in London. The Evening Standard described Dash's portrayal as "robust" and "droll" and the overall production also received considerable critical acclaim.
In March 2018, Dash was nominated for Best Supporting Performance in a Comedy at the NAVGTR Awards for his performance as Hawkeye in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.
Dash is also a prolific voice-over artist for American and English brands.
In 2012, Dash — alongside his partner, actor Alexis Peterman — conceived Drink Me Eat Me, a “treat boutique” and event space to serve the local community tasty treats, sell locally produced handmade treasures, and host parties, events, classes, pop-up shops and dinners. Drink Me Eat quickly became a bustling hub of West London.
To concentrate on their careers, Dash and Peterman sold the company in August 2015.
Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Miscellaneous
References
External links
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American male video game actors
American male stage actors
English male film actors
English male television actors
English male stage actors
21st-century American male actors
American entertainers of Cuban descent
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Actors from Fairfax, Virginia
American people of Iranian descent
Hispanic and Latino American male actors
Male actors from Washington, D.C. |
Technology Education Satellite (TechEdSat) is a successful nano-sat flight series conducted from the NASA Ames Research Center in collaboration with numerous universities (San Jose State University, University of Idaho, University of California, University of Minnesota, Smith College). While one of the principal aims has been to introduce young professionals and university students to the practical realm of developing space flight hardware, considerable innovations have been introduced. In addition, this evolving flight platform has tested concepts for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) sample return, as well as planetary nano-sat class mission concepts.
TechEdSat-1
The first TechEdSat (later renamed "TechEdSat-1" or "TES-1") was a 1U-Cubesat designed to evaluate Space Plug-and-play Avionics (SPA) designed in Sweden by ÅAC Microtec. It was also originally intended to perform a communications experiment utilizing the Iridium and Orbcomm satellite phone network, although this function was disabled before launch. TechEdSat was deployed into orbit from the International Space Station (ISS) on 4 October 2012. It reentered to atmosphere on 5 May 2013.
Hardware
Quake Global Q1000 Modem (Orbcomm) (deactivated)
Quake Global Q9602 Modem (Iridium) (deactivated)
Stensat Radio Beacon
4 x nanoRTU (ÅAC Microtec)
Main Power Distribution Board (ÅAC Microtec)
RTU Lite (ÅAC Microtec)
2 meter band Monopole Antenna
70 cm band Monopole Antenna
1600 MHz Patch Antenna
Pumpkin, Inc. 1U Skeletonized CubeSat Structure
Canon BP-930 Lithium-ion battery
Specifications
Dimensions: 11.35 cm x 10.0 cm x 10.0 cm
Mass: 1.2 kg (2.6 lb)
Power Consumption (Safe Mode): 0.350 W
Power Consumption (Safe Mode, Stensat Transmitting): 3.400 W
Power Consumption (Nominal Mode): 3.965 W
Power Consumption (Q1000 Transmitting): 27.125 W
Power Consumption (Q9602 Transmitting): 10.490 W
Power Consumption (Nominal Mode, Stensat Transmitting): 7.015 W
Solar Array (Average): 1.229 W
Power Storage: 17 Wh
Launch
TechEdSat was launched from pad 2 of the Tanegashima Space Center, Yoshinobu Launch Complex (LC-Y2) on 21 July 2012, at 02:06 UTC, aboard Kounotori 3 atop an H-IIB launch vehicle. Kounotori 3 carried the satellite, along with the RAIKO, WE WISH, Niwaka, and F-1 spacecraft, to the International Space Station (ISS), from where it was deployed via the JAXA J-SSOD deployer, from the Kibō module on 4 October 2012 at 15:44:15.297 UTC.
Beacon Packet Format
TechEdSat-1 transmitted a heartbeat packet over amateur radio every 4 seconds. These packets are 122 ASCII character AX.25 packets. Amateur band radio frequency is 437.465 MHz. Two consecutive 12 bit raw Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) data values are parsed into one 3 byte chunk in order to save data space.
TechEdSat-2
An Iridium transceiver flew aboard the PhoneSat v2a CubeSat as the TechEdSat-2 mission, separate from the spacecraft originally planned as TechEdSat-2.
Alexander, also known as PhoneSat 2.0 Beta or PhoneSat v2a is a technology demonstration satellite operated by NASA's Ames Research Center, which was launched on 21 April 2013. Part of the PhoneSat programme, it was one of the first three PhoneSat spacecraft, and the first Phonesat-2.0 satellite, to be launched. A PhoneSat-2.0 satellite, Alexander, was built to the single-unit (1U) CubeSat specification, and measures in each dimension. The satellite is based around an off-the-shelf Samsung Electronics Nexus S smartphone which serves in place of an onboard computer. The satellite is equipped with a two-way S-band transponder and solar cells for power generation. The spacecraft uses the phone's gyroscopes, along with a GPS receiver, to determine its position and orientation, and a system of reaction wheels and magnetorquer coils for attitude control.
TechEdSat-3p
TechEdSat-3p was the third spacecraft flown in the TechEdSat series. Its dimensions were approximately 30 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm, or three CubeSat units long, making it three times larger than TechEdSat-1. TechEdSat-3p was launched to the International Space Station (ISS) on 3 August 2013 from Tanegashima Space Center, Japan on the Kounotori 4 (HTV-4) International Space Station cargo resupply mission and subsequently deployed into orbit by the JEM-Small Satellite Orbital Deployer (J-SSOD).
TechEdSat-3p was the first satellite of the TechEdSat series to include an exo-brake, a parachute-like drag device to demonstrate passive deorbit capability. The deployment of an exo-brake increases the surface area of a satellite, increasing its coefficient of drag in the thin upper atmosphere and causing the satellite to deorbit faster than it otherwise would. This technology could be used to more quickly dispose of satellites in Low Earth Orbit that have completed their missions, decreasing the amount of potentially hazardous debris in space. The exo-brake is currently being developed for use as part of the Small Payload Quick Return (SPQR) concept, which would enable science materials to be returned to Earth from the International Space Station whenever is most convenient for scientists rather than just a few times per year aboard a returning cargo resupply vehicle.
According to smallsat logistics company ÅAC Microtech, a main power distribution board designed for TechEdSat-1 was reused on the TechEdSat-3p mission.
TechEdSat-4
TechEdSat-4 was a 3U CubeSat mission developed, integrated, and tested at NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with student interns from San Jose State University (SJSU) in California and the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho. The objective of the TechEdSat-4 mission was to demonstrate new technologies including satellite-to-satellite communications and an upgraded Exo-Brake device to demonstrate a passive deorbiting. TechEdSat-4 was launched as a secondary cargo payload on the Cygnus CRS Orb-2 ISS resupply mission. The launch vehicle was the Orbital Sciences Corporation Antares-120, launching from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport on Wallops Island, Virginia on 13 July 2014. TechEdSat-4 was deployed from the International Space Station via the Nanoracks CubeSat Deployer on 4 March 2015.
The satellite decayed from orbit on 3 April 2015.
TechEdSat-5
TechEdSat-5 was a 4 kg, 3.5U CubeSat that was launched on 9 December 2016 aboard the Kounotori 6 (HTV-6) cargo resupply spacecraft, and was deployed from the International Space Station (ISS) at 18:20 UTC on 6 March 2017. It was the first satellite in the TechEdSat program to include a modulated Exo-Brake that was could adjust the amount of atmospheric drag on the spacecraft, enabling a targeted re-entry. The TechEdSat-5 Exo-Brake was cross-shaped, made of mylar, and used a combination of mechanical struts and flexible cords. Its surface area was approximately 0.35 square metres. A "Cricket" Wireless Sensor Module (WSM) was included with TechEdSat-5. The satellite reentered the atmosphere on 29 July 2017 after successfully operating for 144 days.
TechEdSat-6
TechEdSat-6 was a CubeSat 3.5U that was launched at 12:19:51 UTC on 12 November 2017 aboard the Cygnus CRS-8 cargo resupply mission to the International Space Station (ISS). It was deployed from the Nanoracks CubeSat Deployer on 20 November 2017. In addition to the primary payload, it contained a CubeSat Identity Tag (CUBIT), a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag developed by DARPA and SRI International to assist in future identification of satellites. It successfully reentered the atmosphere on 14 May 2018.
TechEdSat-7
TechEdSat-7 was a 2U CubeSat that was intended to test a High Packing Density Exo-Brake. It was launched on the first successful flight of Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne launch vehicle on 17 January 2021 as part of NASA's ELaNa program. It flew with a CubeSat Identity Tag (CUBIT), a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag developed by DARPA and SRI International to assist in future identification of satellites. The satellite decayed from orbit on 4 May 2022.
TechEdSat-8
TechEdSat-8 (Technical and Educational Satellite-8) was CubeSat 6U. It was built as a conjoined project between San Jose State University (SJSU) and the University of Idaho as a collaborative engineering project, with oversight from the NASA Ames Research Center. It was a technology demonstration mission to further develop and demonstrate the Exo-Brake system through, designed for continued operation in high temperature environments, the full recovery of a payload. It featured a semi-autonomous control system to target the entry face point, as well as capabilities to measure a unique ablation device on the forebody. This technology, known as a "Hot Exo-Brake" could enable more precisely-targeted atmospheric reentries. An ablation device was also flying on the spacecraft.
History
TechEdSat-8 was selected in 2017 by the CubeSat Launch Initiative (CSLI) of the NASA to be launched as part of the ELaNa program. TechEdSat-8 was originally planned to launch with the Cygnus NG-10 (17 November 2018) cargo resupply mission to the International Space Station as part of the ELaNa program, but instead was launched aboard the SpaceX CRS-16 ISS cargo resupply mission at 18:16 UTC on 5 December 2018, arriving at the International Space Station (ISS) on 8 December 2018.
Deployment
TechEdSat-8 was deployed into orbit by the Kibō JEM-Small Satellite Orbital Deployer (J-SSOD) at 16:45 UTC on 31 January 2019.
Mission
The satellite established communication with controllers and, as of 20 February 2019, was reportedly performing well in advance of a targeted reentry. The satellite failed shortly after deployment due to a loss of power from its solar panels, and re-entered in the atmosphere of Earth on 20 April 2020.
TechEdSat-10
TechEdSat-10 (TES-10) was a 6U (1 x 6U) (previously announced as 3U) CubeSat that was selected in 2018 to launch as part of the ELaNa program.
Launch
On 15 February 2020, TechEdSat-10 was launched to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard the Cygnus NG-13 cargo spacecraft.
Deployment
Deployed on 13 July 2020, TechEdSat-10 tested radio communication devices, precision deorbit technologies for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and others, radiation tolerant electronics, and artificial intelligence hardware for future experiments.
Mission
The mission demonstrated increased storage and power capabilities that could enable future science and exploration using small spacecraft beyond low-Earth orbit. Included on TechEdSat-10 were improvements over previous CubeSat technologies in the areas of communications and radio systems, and new propulsion techniques.
As the tenth iteration in the Technology Educational Satellite (TES) series, TechEdSat-10 built upon a history of the program's innovative work with early career researchers, students, and volunteers.
TechEdSat-10 contained 150 watt-hours of power storage, eight radios, nine processors, and a graphics processing unit. Additionally, the small satellite carried four cameras, including a stereoscopic virtual reality camera experiment.
Like several TechEdSat missions before it, this mission demonstrated the exo-brake technology in its largest iteration to date. The exo-brake was designed to deploy an umbrella-like "brake" to increase drag and take a small satellite out of orbit. This mission, the exo-brake could be controlled or modulated by commands from the ground in order to target a re-entry point. In the future, this could enable sample return missions from orbit and future planetary missions.
TechEdSat-13
TechEdSat-13 is a 3U CubeSat that is intended to test and validate three different technologies, including an Exo-Brake. Along with other cubesats (PAN-A and B, GEARRS-3, SteamSat-2, STORK-3, ADLER-1) it was launched on the third successful flight of Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne launch vehicle on 13 January 2022 as part of the STP-27VP mission ("Above the Clouds"). TechEdSat-13 uses the Loihi neuromorphic chip, representing an artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) payload application.
TechEdSat-15
TechEdSat-15 was a 3U CubeSat. It was launched on 1 October 2022 as a rideshare payload on a Firefly Alpha rocket. Despite it being its first mission reaching Earth orbit, due to a lower-than-intended deployment orbit most of the satellites re-entered before reaching their intended design life.
Future TechEdSats
TechEdSat-9 and TechEdSat-11 are planned to fly at some point in the future. TechEdSat-9, like TechEdSat-10, is planned to test radio communication technologies for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and others.
TechEdSat-12 will test technologies for the tracking and identification of small satellites. It will carry a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, a radar reflector, and an L-band antenna. It was selected for launch in February 2020 by NASA's CubeSat Launch Initiative, and will be delivered to orbit on a launch contracted through the ELaNa program.
References
External links
Spacecraft launched in 2012
CubeSats
Student satellites
Satellites deployed from the International Space Station
Secondary payloads |
HMS Swiftsure was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the British Royal Navy. She spent most of her career serving with the British, except for a brief period when she was captured by the French during the Napoleonic Wars in the action of 24 June 1801. She fought in several of the most famous engagements of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, fighting for the British at the Battle of the Nile, and the French at the Battle of Trafalgar.
Construction and commissioning
Swiftsure was ordered from the yards of John & William Wells, Deptford on 19 June 1782, as an Elizabeth class ship of the line. She was laid down in May 1784 and launched on 4 April 1787. She was initially commissioned on 22 May 1787 at Deptford, and recommissioned at Woolwich on 21 August 1787. She had cost £31,241.3.5 to build, with a further £10,643 spent on fitting her out. She was coppered at Woolwich for a further £1,635.
British career
She was commissioned for service under her first captain, Sir James Wallace in June 1790. She sailed to Plymouth where in August she underwent another refit, for £6,456, to prepare her for service in the English Channel. After her initial period of service she was paid off in September 1791, and underwent a more significant refit for the sum of £11,413, followed by further work being carried out the next year. She returned to service and was recommissioned under Captain Charles Boyles in July 1793. Swiftsure served as the flagship of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Kingsmill, and operated on the Irish Station during 1794.
At the action of 7 May 1794 Swiftsure captured the 36-gun French frigate Atalante, after a chase of 39 hours. Atalante was armed with 38 guns and had a crew of 274 men under the command of M. Charles Linois. In the action, Atalante had 10 killed and 32 wounded; British casualties were one man killed by a random shot. Swiftsure then returned to Plymouth to carry out repairs. The Royal Navy took Atalante into service as HMS Espion.
Swiftsure left Britain for Jamaica on 14 May 1795. In December 1795 Swiftsure passed under the command of Captain Robert Parker, under whom she returned to Britain. She was refitted at Portsmouth the following year, before commissioning in October 1796 under Captain Arthur Phillips. He was succeeded in September 1797 by Captain John Irwin, but the following month Captain Benjamin Hallowell took command.
Battle of the Nile
Hallowell was still in command of Swiftsure in 1798, when he was ordered to join Horatio Nelson's squadron, watching the French fleet at Toulon. After the French escaped and captured Malta in June, and invaded Egypt in July, Nelson and his fleet pursued them, eventually locating them anchored in Aboukir Bay on 1 August. Swiftsure was not initially with the fleet, having been ordered by Nelson to reconnoitre Alexandria, before the French had been discovered. He arrived on the scene after dark and moved into the bay to attack. The darkness and the smoke made it difficult to tell which ship was British and which was French, so Hallowell decided to hold fire until he had anchored and prepared his ship. As he moved closer, a darkened ship was spotted standing out of the action. Hallowell determined her to be French, but decided to hold to his original plan and passed her by. The ship was in fact , which had gone up against the much larger 110-gun French first rate Orient earlier in the battle, until being dismasted and forced to drift out of the action.
Hallowell took Swiftsure in, eventually anchoring across the stern of Franklin and the bow of Orient, and proceeded to open fire on them. After an hour of exchanging shots, a fire was observed in the cabin of Orient. Hallowell ordered his men to concentrate their fire on this area, while came along the opposite side and did the same. The French began to abandon ship as the fire spread, and a number were brought aboard the British ships, Swiftsure taking on Orient′s first lieutenant and ten men. Seeing that the fire was now out of control, Swiftsure and the other British ships moved away from the area, but when Orient exploded at 10pm, Swiftsure was still near enough to be struck by debris.
After the destruction of the Orient, Swiftsure, in company with , continued to exchange fire with the Franklin, until she surrendered. Swiftsure then moved on to engage the Tonnant, eventually helping to drive her ashore. Swiftsure had seven killed and 22 wounded during the battle. Hallowell received a Gold Medal for his role in the battle, and Swiftsure′s first lieutenant, Thomas Cowan, was promoted to commander. After the battle Hallowell and Swiftsure took over Aboukir island on 8 August, destroying several enemy guns, and carrying the rest away. Two days later, on 10 August, Swiftsure came across and captured the 16-gun corvette Fortune.
Egyptian and Italian coasts
Swiftsure initially remained off Egypt as part of Samuel Hood's squadron, before departing on 14 February 1799 to join Nelson, then at Palermo. She then joined Thomas Troubridge's squadron and sailed for Naples on 31 March. They arrived on 2 April, and Hallowell landed at Procida to restore monarchist rule. The squadron then cruised off the Italian coast, and supported land based operations, helping to reduce several fortresses. On 7 August Swiftsure was dispatched to Civitavecchia to carry Hallowell to negotiate the surrender of the French garrison. Before the negotiations were complete the Swiftsure was ordered to Gibraltar, and from there to Lisbon, arriving there on 30 November. She cruised off the area with the British squadron, capturing two merchant vessels on 6 December.
Whilst at sea in February 1800, Swiftsure was caught in a gale and badly damaged, having to return to Gibraltar for repairs. On returning to service with the squadron, an enemy fleet was seen on 7 April, having sailed from Cadiz bound for Lima. Two frigates and a number of merchantmen were subsequently captured. Swiftsure followed up this success on 12 April by capturing a Spanish schooner. She then became Sir Richard Bickerton's flagship during the blockade of Cadiz, before being assigned to the fleet under Lord Keith. Keith's fleet covered the landings at Aboukir on 8 March 1801, where Swiftsure′s naval brigade helped to repulse French counter-attacks. Because several of her men were wounded and others sick, Keith removed 80 of Swiftsures best men and then sent her to Malta as a convoy escort.
On 8 January 1801 captured the French bombard St. Roche, which was carrying wine, liqueurs, ironware, Delfth cloth, and various other merchandise, from Marseilles to Alexandria. Swiftsure, , , , , and the schooner Malta, were in sight and shared in the proceeds of the capture.
Swiftsure'''s service in the Royal Navy's Egyptian campaign (8 March to 2 September 1801), qualified her officers and crew for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty authorized in 1850 to all surviving claimants.
Capture
On 10 June 1801 Hallowell encountered Pigmy and from her learned that a French squadron under Admiral Ganteaume had put to sea. Hallowell decided to return to reinforce Sir John Warren's squadron, but on 24 June Swiftsure encountered Ganteaume. The faster French squadron, consisting of four ships of the line and a frigate, overtook the already damaged and slow, as well as undermanned, Swiftsure. Indivisible and Dix-Août succeeded in shooting away Swiftsures yards and masts, crippling her and so forcing Hallowell to surrender. Swiftsure had two men killed, two men mortally wounded, and another six wounded; the French lost 33 killed and wounded.
On his repatriation, Hallowell received the court-martial that was automatic for a Royal Navy captain who had lost his ship, but was honourably acquitted. Meanwhile, the French Navy took Swiftsure into service under her own name.
French service
In November 1802, after General de Rochambeau replaced Charles Leclerc as governor of Saint-Domingue, Rochambeau started executing blacks by drowning; he had the entire garrison of Fort Dauphin transferred to Swiftsure and thrown overboard by her crew. Rochambeau then ordered all French ships to carry out similar executions. Only Willaumez, who was in command of the naval forces, refused, stating that "The officers of the French Navy are not executioners. I will not obey."Merrien, p.114
Battle of Trafalgar
She only spent four years with the French, before forming part of Vice-Admiral Villeneuve's fleet at Cadiz, under her captain, Charles-Eusebe l'Hôpitalier-Villemadrin. On 21 October 1805 she sailed out with the combined Franco-Spanish fleets to engage in the Battle of Trafalgar. During the battle she formed part of the rear of the line, astern of Aigle and ahead of Argonaute. She was fired upon by , and after an exchange of fire, lost her main topmast and had her guns silenced. She began to drift away, while Colossus opened fire on Bahama. Swiftsures crew regained control, and returned to fire on Colossus, but at that moment Edward Codrington's came through the smoke, slipped under Swiftsure′s stern and discharged several devastating broadsides. Swiftsure had her mainmast, taffrail and wheel shot away, and most of the guns on the main gun-deck were dismounted. Villemadrin attempted to fight on, but eventually struck, having suffered 68 dead and 123 wounded during the battle.
After the battle took her in tow. The subsequent storm caused the line to break, and by 23 October she was drifting towards Cadiz. The frigate was however able to reattach a tow line and put several of her own carpenters aboard to stop the leaks. The worsening weather again caused her to break free, but the men from Phoebe succeeded in keeping control of Swiftsure, bringing her to anchor on 26 October. took her into tow again and brought her into Gibraltar.
Return to the Royal NavySwiftsure was repaired at Gibraltar and was recommissioned in April 1806 under Captain George Digby. She sailed home, arriving at Chatham on 11 June 1806. By this time, another had already entered service, and had been present at Trafalgar. The captured Swiftsure was renamed HMS Irresistible'', and was laid up. She was recommissioned in March 1808 under Captain George Fowke, and was used as a prison ship at Chatham. She served in this role until being broken up there in January 1816.
Notes
Citations
References
Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850. Conway Maritime Press. .
Career of HMS Swiftsure at ageofnelson.org
HMS Swiftsure, naval database
Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
Elizabeth-class ships of the line
Ships built in Deptford
1787 ships
Captured ships
Napoleonic-era ships |
Citadel Securities LLC is an American market making firm headquartered in Miami. It is one of the largest market makers in the world, and is active in more than 50 countries. It is the largest designated market maker on the New York Stock Exchange. Citadel Securities is a separate entity from the hedge fund Citadel LLC, although both were founded and are majority owned by American hedge fund manager Kenneth C. Griffin. Citadel Securities is expected to eventually move its headquarters from Chicago to Miami, having bought land there to build its new headquarters.
History
2000–2010
Citadel Securities was formed in 2002, as a market maker, providing liquidity and trade execution to retail and institutional clients. In 2008, Citadel Securities hired 70 people and Rohit D'Souza, a banker from Merrill Lynch, who left after eight months "to build an investment bank" and brokerage. By August 2011, Citadel ended its foray into investment banking to instead focus on electronic trading and market making.
2011–2019
In 2014, the firm expanded its market-making offering to interest rate swaps, one of the most commonly traded derivatives. Analysts of U.S. financial markets have been critical of the SEC's decision to exclude Citadel Securities from its 2014, Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity (Reg SCI) regulatory regime designed to make U.S. securities markets safer for investors; both Citadel and the SEC declined to comment on Citadel's being exempted from complying with this rule. In August 2014, Citadel was fined $800,000 for irregularities in its trading practices between March 18, 2010, and January 8, 2013. Over a two-year period until September 2014, hundreds of thousands of large OTC orders were removed from its automated trading processes, rendering the orders "inactive" so that they had to be handled manually by human traders. Citadel Securities then "traded for its own account on the same side of the market at prices that would have satisfied the orders," without immediately filling the inactive orders at the same or better prices as required by FINRA rules. By 2015 Citadel Securities had become the world's largest interest-rate-swap trader by number of transactions replacing Wall Street banks. In January 2017, Citadel was fined $22 million by the SEC for misleading clients regarding the way it priced trades. In October 2018, Bloomberg reported that 40% of Robinhood's revenues were derived from selling customer orders to firms such as Citadel Securities and Two Sigma Securities. In December 2018, Citadel was forced by the SEC to pay $3.5 million over violations stemming from incorrect reporting for nearly 80 million trades from 2012 to 2016.
2020–present
2020
In January 2020, Citadel paid a 670 million-yuan ($97 million) settlement for alleged trading irregularities dating from 2015. During the coronavirus pandemic, the firm doubled its profit while generating $4 billion in revenue during the first half of 2020 due to an increase in volatility and retail trading. In 2020, Citadel Securities was censured by FINRA a total of 19 times for a variety of misconduct, including failing to close failure-to-deliver positions, naked short selling, inaccurate reporting of short sale indicators, executing trades during circuit-breaker halts, and failing to offer its clients best prices on the bid-ask spread. Citadel Securities was fined $700,000 by FINRA in July for trading ahead of customer orders. They delayed certain equity orders from clients to buy or sell shares while continuing to trade the same stocks in its own account as part of its market-making activities, according to FINRA. In October, Citadel Securities announced it would acquire the NYSE market making unit of rival IMC. The purchase made it the largest designated market maker (DMM) on the NYSE — overseeing over 1,500 NYSE-listed securities. In the same month, Citadel Securities filed a lawsuit against the Securities and Exchange Commission over the SEC's decision to approve a new "D-Limit" order type for IEX.
2021
In February 2021, House Financial Services chairwoman Maxine Waters suggested that the systematic importance of Citadel Securities might ultimately pose a threat to the U.S. financial system. This point also emerged on several occasions during the March 17 hearing by the House Financial Services, with experts observing that Citadel Securities claims to trade "approximately 26% of U.S. equities volume" and "executes approximately 47% of all U.S.-listed retail volume, and acts as a specialist or market-maker with respect to 99% of traded volume in 3,000 U.S.-listed options names." In March, Citadel agreed to a censure by FINRA and a $275,000 fine for improperly reporting nearly 500,000 Treasury transactions between 2017 and 2019, revealing a systemic failure in Citadel's compliance systems. That same month, President Biden's nominee for SEC Chairman, Gary Gensler, raised further concerns about Citadel's dominant market position at a congressional hearing in March, asking: "one firm now has 40% to 50% of the retail order flow, what does that do to pricing of capital in this country? What does it mean to be best execution in this context?" Invoking Amazon's dominance in the online retail marketplace, another market analyst described Citadel's rise as "the Amazonization of listed markets", a phenomenon he characterized as "very dangerous, not because there are no other players, but because over time it weakens the other players that could be competitive. It's the essence of concentration risk." On May 5, Gensler repeated these concerns in his testimony to the House of Representatives Financial Services Committee. In light of Citadel Securities' role in the GameStop short squeeze event, individuals such as Senator Elizabeth Warren have raised concerns about several potential conflicts of interest. These include the relationship between Citadel Securities, which executes a majority of broker-dealer Robinhood's trades through a payment-for-order-flow relationship, and Citadel the asset manager, which provided a $2 billion investment in Melvin Capital, one of the main short sellers involved in the GameStop short squeeze. Because Ken Griffin, the CEO and majority shareholder of Citadel, was said to own 85% of Citadel Securities, there were concerns that the market maker's interests might align with the interests of those shorting GameStop to the detriment of those long GameStop. Griffin denied any wrongdoing. In November 2021, a U.S. District Court dismissed a class action lawsuit, ruling that investors failed to show collusion between Robinhood and Citadel. In March , Citadel's payment-for-order-flow arrangements with brokerages such as Robinhood was heavily criticized during Congressional hearings on the GameStop short squeeze. Citadel's practice of hiring officials from agencies that regulate it, including the SEC and the CFTC, as well its relationships with Ben Bernanke and Janet Yellen, has also been widely observed and attracted concerns about conflicts of interest.
2022–2023
As of January 2022, the firm oversaw more than 2,000 listed securities. In August 2022, the firm continued its global expansion with a new office in Tokyo and announced plans to launch US fixed income offerings there. The firm ended 2022 with its record revenue to date, topping its 2021 record and bringing in $7.5 billion.
In September 2023, the SEC initiated legal action against Citadel Securities, citing violations of Regulation SHO. The SEC found that, between 2015 and 2020, Citadel Securities mismarked millions of sell orders due to a coding error in their automated trading system, obstructing regulatory oversight. The firm agreed to a settlement by consenting to a $7 million penalty, without admitting or denying the findings.
Market maker
Citadel Securities automation has resulted in more reliable trading at lower costs and with tighter spreads. In 2015, Barron's ranked Citadel Securities #1 in providing price improvement for investors in both S&P 500 and non-S&P shares. The firm is the largest market maker in options in the U.S., executing about 25 percent of U.S.-listed equity options volume. According to the Wall Street Journal, about one-third of stock orders from individual investors is completed through Citadel, which accounts for about 10 percent of the firm's revenue. Citadel Securities also executes about 13 percent of U.S. consolidated volume in equities and 28 percent of U.S. retail equities volume.
Partnerships
In 2009, Citadel Investment Group and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange partnered to create a credit default swaps electronic-trading platform.
In January 2022, Citadel Securities announced that venture capital firm Sequoia Capital and cryptocurrency investor Paradigm had made a $1.15 billion investment in the firm. The transaction valued Citadel Securities at approximately $22 billion.
Internship program
Citadel Securities sponsors an 11-week summer internship program in which the interns learn about the company and its operations. In 2022 there were 290 interns in the program. Most were college seniors, and about half were software engineers, while the rest included quantitative researchers and traders.
References
External links
Financial services companies of the United States
Companies based in Miami
Financial services companies established in 2002
2002 establishments in Illinois |
Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's fours was held at the Victoria Park from August 2 to August 6. A total of 68 athletes from 17 associations participated in the event.
Sectional play
The top two from each section advance to the knockout stage.
Section A
Section B
Section C
Section D
Knockout stage
External links
Results
References
Men's four |
The following is a list of state roads in the U.S. state of Florida. Only the length of state-maintained roads is given; occasionally a locally maintained connection is signed as part of a state road.
Routes
Truck routes
These routes are partially signed over locally maintained roads.
Florida State Road 14 Truck, Madison
Florida State Road 29 Truck, LaBelle
Florida State Road 39, Plant City
Florida State Road 230, Starke
References
State roads |
Bodești may refer to several places in Romania:
Bodești, a commune in Neamț County, and Bodeștii de Jos, a village in that commune
Bodești, a village in Vadu Moților Commune, Alba County
Bodești, a village in Hălmagiu Commune, Arad County
Bodești, a village in Scânteia Commune, Iași County
Bodești, a village in Posești Commune, Prahova County
Bodești, a village in Vrâncioaia Commune, Vrancea County
Bodești, a village in Alunu Commune, Vâlcea County
Bodești, a village in Bărbătești Commune, Vâlcea County
Bodești (river), a tributary of the Crișul Alb in Arad County |
CommutAir Flight 4933 (operating as United Express Flight 4933) was a domestic regional flight operating from Newark, New Jersey, to Presque Isle, Maine, in the United States. The flight was operated by CommutAir under the United Express brand. On March 4, 2019, the Embraer EMB-145XR operating the flight touched down in a snow-covered grassy area to the right of the runway at Presque Isle International Airport, injuring three aircraft occupants and substantially damaging the aircraft. The accident was attributed to confirmation bias which prompted the flight crew to continue descending even though they could not see the runway due to snow; poor decision-making by the captain, fatigue of the first officer, and problems with the airport's instrument landing system were identified as contributing factors.
Background
Aircraft
The aircraft was a 14-year-old Embraer EMB-145XR first delivered to ExpressJet in October 2004, for Continental Express. From June 2007 to October 2008, the aircraft was operating for Delta Connection before operating once again for Continental Express until October 2010 when it commenced operations for United Express. In August 2016, the aircraft was transferred to CommutAir.
Crew
The aircraft had three crew members (two pilots and a flight attendant). The captain was 40-years-old and joined CommutAir in March 2013 before working for another air carrier in November 2015, then returned in May 2016. She had accumulated a total of 5,655 flight hours, 1,044 of them on the Embraer EMB-145XR. The first officer was 51 years old and joined CommutAir in May 2018. He had accumulated a total of 4,909 flight hours, 470 on the Embraer EMB-145XR.
Accident
Flight 4933 departed from Newark Liberty International Airport around 10:04 Eastern Standard Time (EST) (14:04 UTC). The initial part of the flight was uneventful. At 11:01 EST, Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center cleared the flight for an instrument landing system (ILS) approach to runway 1. The first officer was the pilot flying and the captain was the pilot monitoring. Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) prevailed at the airfield, with low ceilings, fog, and blowing snow. The runway had been plowed about ten minutes earlier. At around 11:10 EST, according to cockpit voice recorder (CVR) transcripts, the pilots were having trouble seeing the runway clearly and attempted to turn on the runway lights by cueing the radio microphone. During the ensuing approach, both pilots said they saw the runway, albeit with difficulty due to snow. The first officer then spotted a tower near the aircraft's position, and realizing that the aircraft was not aligned properly with the runway; he then initiated a missed approach. Airport maintenance staff later reported that the runway lights were not illuminated at the time.
The aircraft ascended from a minimum altitude of mean sea level (MSL) [ above ground level (AGL)] to around MSL. At 11:16 EST, the pilots contacted airport staff to verify that the runway lights were turned on at maximum brightness; the staff turned on the lights at the brightest setting. The captain told the first officer that she could see the runway lights but "it's really white down there that’s the problem." The first officer commenced a second approach and verified that the aircraft was aligned with the ILS localizer. At 11:28 EST, as the aircraft descended through AGL, the minimum decision height for the approach, the captain called out "runway in sight twelve o'clock." The first officer stated "I'm staying on the flight director 'cause I don't see it yet", and the captain responded by repeating the phrase "stay in it", followed by "what the [expletive]" and the first officer saying "I don't know what I'm seein'." The aircraft touched down at 11:29 EST and came to rest in a snow-covered grassy area between the runway and a parallel taxiway.
CommutAir and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) initially reported that the aircraft had touched down on the runway and then slid off, but the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) later clarified that the aircraft had missed the runway entirely.
The aircraft was substantially damaged and was subsequently written off as a result. It came to rest with the left main landing gear assembly sheared off and wedged between the rear fuselage and the left engine. Five people were taken to the hospital including the first officer and two passengers who received minor injuries from the accident. The airport was closed in reaction to the accident.
Investigation
The final report was released by the NTSB on July 12, 2022, more than 3 years after the accident. The NTSB concluded that the probable cause of the accident was confirmation bias which prompted the crew to continue descending even though they had not positively identified the runway. The NTSB also determined that the first officer was fatigued, which contributed to his confirmation bias; that the captain had demonstrated "poor judgment and decision-making" in instructing the first officer to continue the approach although he did not have the runway in sight; and that the ILS localizer was out of tolerance by about to the right, a condition that had been noticed during six previous CommutAir flights, including by the accident first officer, but had not been properly reported to the FAA.
Weather
Around the time of the first approach, the Automatic Weather Observation System (AWOS) at the airport was reporting wind from 060° at and visibility of in moderate snow and freezing fog. Fourteen minutes after the accident, visibility had improved to , with scattered clouds at AGL, and an overcast ceiling at AGL.
In a post crash interview, the first officer of the flight stated that when he transitioned from looking at his flight instruments to the outside, all he could see was "white on white".
Crew
The NTSB identified the first officer's lack of sleep as a contributing factor. He had been recently suffering from the flu and had lost sleep, and had made only limited and inconsistent use of his prescribed continuous positive airway pressure machine for several days leading to the accident. He had not gone to sleep until around 1:00 EST the night before the accident due to flight and shuttle delays during the preceding workday, and he had only slept until 6:00 EST, about five hours, whereas he usually slept for about eight hours.
The NTSB commented on the captain's flight training record. While she had been a de Havilland Canada DHC-8 first officer with CommutAir, she had received a disciplinary letter and been subject to nine months of monitoring before being allowed to pursue captain upgrade training. She failed her EMB-145 checkride during her initial attempt and was later placed under "increased scrutiny" by CommutAir twice. Although she had subsequently received her EMB-145 type rating and been upgraded to captain, the NTSB said that "her repeated training problems indicated an inadequate foundation for being a captain, which CommutAir did not effectively address."
Localizer
About 36 hours before the accident, a CommutAir flight crew had noticed the lateral localizer error and reported it to the Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center; however, FAA procedures dictated that before a navigational aid malfunction could be officially reported, a second independent report of the error was needed, which had not been received. Airport maintenance staff did not have the means to measure localizer alignment directly. Investigators found that the localizer antenna was surrounded by of snow; after confirming the reported localizer misalignment, the snow was cleared, and this caused correct localizer alignment to be restored. FAA guidance before the accident did not specifically address snow depth around a localizer antenna; after the accident, the guidance was revised to state that localizer alignment should be checked if snow accumulated to a depth exceeding
The NTSB found that at least six CommutAir pilots had noticed the localizer misalignment within the preceding five days before the accident but none had filed a company aviation safety action program (ASAP) report; however, four of them filed ASAP reports after the accident. The CommutAir managing director of safety could not state a reason why the reports were not filed earlier.
References
Notes
Citations
2019 in Maine
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 2019
Airliner accidents and incidents in Maine
4933
March 2019 events in the United States
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Aviation accidents and incidents involving runway excursions
Aviation accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Embraer ERJ family |
Newark Americans were a team in the first American Soccer League. They were founded in 1930, but folded following the spring 1932 season.
Year-by-year
Defunct soccer clubs in New Jersey
American Soccer League (1921–1933) teams
1930 establishments in New Jersey
1932 disestablishments in New Jersey
Sports in Newark, New Jersey
Association football clubs established in 1930
Association football clubs disestablished in 1932 |
Crespin () is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.
Geography
The commune is traversed by the Cérou river.
See also
Communes of the Tarn department
References
Communes of Tarn (department) |
Icemat is a manufacturer, distributor and online retailer of a line of products targeted primarily at computer gamers. The company was founded in 2001 as a producer of mousing surfaces made of frosted glass. They have since expanded their product line to include headphones, sound cards and apparel. Icemat was seen often to produce partnerships with professional gaming teams and to sponsor events and individual players.
Icemat is now known as SteelSeries, and Icemat's website now redirects there. In 2007, SteelSeries decided to merge both brands. The SteelSeries Experience I-2 is the newest generation of the original glass Icemats.
In popular culture
The Icemat Siberia headphones are featured in the Basshunter music video "Vi sitter i Ventrilo och spelar DotA".
References
External links
Review of the Icemat Original
Review of the Icemat 2nd Edition
New edition of the glas-pad
Computer peripheral companies
Electronics companies of Denmark
Retail companies established in 2001
Companies based in Copenhagen |
Destroyed may refer to:
Destroyed (Sloppy Seconds album), a 1989 album by Sloppy Seconds
Destroyed (Moby album), a 2011 album by Moby
See also
Destruction (disambiguation)
Ruined (disambiguation) |
Sargodha cricket team was a first-class cricket team that represents Sargodha Division in Punjab Province in Pakistan. They competed in Pakistan's first-class tournaments between 1961–62 and 2002-03.
1960s and 1970s
Sargodha played their inaugural first-class match in the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy in 1961-62, defeating Peshawar by an innings. Saleem Akhtar, who later captained Sargodha, took 2 for 7 and 5 for 34. They did not win again until their first match in 1969-70, when they beat Lahore A by five wickets, Sherandaz Khan taking 11 for 86. Draws in their next two group matches enabled Sargodha to progress to the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy semi-finals, where they were beaten by Public Works Department. Sargodha beat Peshawar again in 1970-71, the captain, Humayun Farkhan, scoring 38 (second-top score) and 36 (top score) and taking 3 for 19 and 5 for 27 in a low-scoring match.
They reached the semi-finals of the Punjab Tournament in 1973-74 and 1974–75, then in 1975-76 two first-innings leads were enough to get them into the final, but they lost to Lahore A. They had their second innings victory in the BCCP Patron's Trophy in 1975-76 when Jalal Akbar took 11 for 59 against Pakistan Air Force. They won again by an innings in the BCCP Patron's Trophy in 1977-78 against the short-lived team from the Pakistan Security Printing Corporation.
1980s to 2000s
In 1984-85 they won three of their four group matches in the BCCP Patron's Trophy and finished at the top of their group, but lost in the semi-final by 32 runs to Rawalpindi. The captain, Arshad Pervez, hit three centuries, two of them in the semi-final, and finished with 492 runs in the five matches at an average of 70.28, while Aziz-ur-Rehman, with 34 wickets at 15.35, was the leading wicket-taker in the competition.
They next reached the finals of a competition in 1992-93, when they played off in the final of the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy, losing to Karachi Whites by an innings. Akram Raza, with 43 wickets at 18.90, was the leading wicket-taker in the competition. However, Sargodha finished winless at the bottom of the table in 1994-95 and lost their first-class status for three seasons.
They returned to first-class competition in 1998-99, but struggled to win matches. In 2002-03 they won only one of their five group matches, but it was enough to enable them to participate in the pre-quarter-finals of the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy, where they beat Lahore Whites. They were unlucky in their quarter-final against Rawalpindi. In a match ruined by rain they made 365 for 3 declared, the captain, Mohammad Hafeez, scoring a century, and had Rawalpindi 170 for 4 when play ended and Rawalpindi were declared the winners on run-rate. It was Sargodha's last first-class match.
Current status
Faisalabad is about 80 kilometres south-east of Sargodha, on the other side of the Chenab River, so when Sargodha were one of six regional teams that were absorbed by stronger teams for the 2003-04 season, they merged with Faisalabad, who then proceeded to win the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy that season for the first time. Since Sargodha lost first-class status they have continued to compete in the annual Inter-District Senior Tournament against other teams from the Faisalabad region.
Playing record
Overall Sargodha played 163 matches in various first-class tournaments, winning 28, losing 56 and drawing 79. They also played 70 List A matches, winning 13 and losing 56, with one no-result.
Most of Sargodha's home matches were staged at the Sports Stadium in Sargodha, which is now used for some of Faisalabad's home matches. It is also still used by Sargodha senior and junior teams in sub-first-class competitions.
Individual records
Sargodha's highest individual score was 394, by Naved Latif against Gujranwala in 2000-01. It was the tenth-highest score in the history of first-class cricket. Sargodha's total of 721 was their highest.
The best bowling figures were 8 for 25 by Naeem Khan in 1986-87. State Bank of Pakistan needed only 119 to win, but Khan bowled them out for 54. The best match figures were 13 for 78 (7 for 47 and 6 for 31) by Aziz-ur-Rehman in a 268-run victory over Karachi Whites in 1989-90.
Notable players
References
External links
Lists of matches played by Sargodha
Sargodha Division Cricket Association website
Other sources
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 1963 to 2005
Pakistani first-class cricket teams
Former senior cricket clubs of Pakistan
Cricket Team
Cricket |
Rameses is the ram mascot of the North Carolina Tar Heels. The anthropomorphic version of him wears a Tar Heels jersey. Two versions of Rameses appear at UNC sporting events. One is a member of the UNC cheerleading team in an anthropomorphic ram costume; the other is a live Dorset Horn sheep named Rameses who attends Carolina football games with his horns painted Carolina blue. There is a third UNC mascot; another anthropomorphic ram, Rameses Jr., or RJ for short.
Origin
The origin of a ram as North Carolina's mascot dates back to 1924. In 1922, the star fullback, Jack Merritt, was given the nickname "the battering ram" for his performance on the field, as well as for an initiation ritual he created for male freshman students. Vic Huggins, North Carolina's head cheerleader at the time, suggested the idea of a ram mascot to the athletic business manager, Charles T. Woollen, and had the idea approved. Woollen gave Huggins $25 to purchase a ram. Rameses the First was shipped from Texas, just in time for the pep rally.
The first appearance of Rameses was at a pep rally before the football game against Virginia Military Institute on November 8, 1924. After the pep rally the ram was taken to Emerson Field. Through three quarters the game was scoreless. Late in the fourth quarter Bunn Hackney was called out to attempt a field goal. Before stepping out on the field he rubbed Rameses' head. Just a few seconds later Hackney kicked a 30-yard field goal that eventually won the game for the Tar Heels; the final score was 3-0. Rameses has been a fixture on the sidelines at UNC football games ever since. The current Rameses ram is under the care of the Hogan family of Chapel Hill.
The origin of the costumed version of Rameses dates back to the 1987-88 season. Auditions were held and a senior, Eric Chilton from Mount Airy, North Carolina, was given the honor to be the first mascot. Since auditions were held in the middle of the school year he only served for half a year and only showed up in a few basketball games in early 1988. The costume was made locally and looked different from the one used today.
As of Spring 2022, former In-Suit Performer Daniel Wood was hired as the permanent UNC Mascot Coordinator and Coach.
Rameses Jr.
On the evening of October 26, 2015, Rameses Jr., or RJ for short, made his debut during Late Night with Roy, North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball's annual Midnight Madness event. He is an anthropomorphic lamb who wears the number #0. Brown Walters, the director of spirit programs at UNC Chapel Hill, told The Daily Tar Heel it took a year to come up with the concept of RJ. RJ was conceived in part to expand the reach of UNC Chapel Hill's spirit program. RJ's design, featuring a less muscular body, Carolina blue horns, blue eyes and Jordan-brand apparel, was also developed to appeal to children. Walters said small children were frightened by the current version of the Rameses costume.
Killing of Rameses XXIII
In February 1996, Rameses XXIII was killed in his pasture at the Hogan farm. An attacker slashed the ram's throat and cut off its left front leg, stabbing it as many as 10 times along its chest and neck. State veterinarians stated that the slash to its throat was most likely the fatal wound. Police later charged 26-year-old Scott Wade. Wade stumbled onto the Hogan farm drunk at the time of the slaying. Investigators believed Wade killed the ram because he was hungry. Wade was later charged with misdemeanor animal cruelty.
Jason Ray
On March 23, 2007, Jason Ray, a member of the UNC Chapel Hill cheerleading squad, was struck by a vehicle near a Hilton Hotel on Route 4 in Fort Lee, New Jersey. The Tar Heel men's basketball team had advanced to the 2007 East Regional semifinals, and the Fort Lee Hilton was the Tar Heel team hotel. Ray was walking to a convenience store to buy a burrito and a soda before he was due to portray Rameses in the game against the USC Trojans. Ray died on March 26, 2007, at the Hackensack University Medical Center as a result of the injuries sustained in the accident.
Ray was an honors student and was due to graduate that May with a degree in business administration and a minor in religious studies. He was an Eagle Scout with Troop 38 in Concord, NC, had gone on three missionary trips (Haiti, Honduras, and Puerto Rico) to work with children, had visited the Sistine Chapel, ran with the bulls in Spain, and spent a summer studying in Copenhagen, Denmark. Ray was also an active member of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, his church choir, and was the lead singer in the band Nine PM Traffic.
Four people received organ transplants because of Ray's decision to become an organ donor.
On April 16, 2016, UNC Hospitals dedicated its transplant clinic to Ray. An endowment fund, also dedicated to Ray, was started to raise funds for patients unable to pay for their transplants. The Ray family pledged to raise one million dollars for this endowment fund.
On September 21, 2017, it was announced Rameses and RJ would wear patches commemorating honoring Ray's memory for all sporting events held during the 2017-18 season, starting with the 2017 North Carolina Tar Heels football team's game against Duke.
In-Suit Mascot Performers
References
External links
Rameses: a mascot's life, page that followed Rameses around for a day in 1999 and was dedicated to Jason Ray in 2007
The Jason Ray Foundation
Atlantic Coast Conference mascots
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill traditions
North Carolina Tar Heels
Fictional sheep
Animal mascots
Mascots introduced in 1924 |
```scala
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package streaming.core.shared.pool
/**
* Created by allwefantasy on 21/5/2018.
*/
trait BigObjPool[T] {
def size(): Int
def get(name: String): T
def put(name: String, value: T): BigObjPool[T]
def remove(name: String): BigObjPool[T]
}
``` |
Le Montat (；) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Lot department
References
Montat |
Arabshah (, also Romanized as ‘Arabshāh) is a village in Ansar Rural District, in the Central District of Takab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 538, in 104 families.
References
Populated places in Takab County |
Erin Rowell (née Normoyle) (born 19 January 1983) is an Australian Paralympic cyclist. She won a bronze medal at her first Para-cycling Track World Championships. Prior to transferring to cycling, she was an international motocross rider.
Personal
In 2010, she was involved in a serious head-on motor vehicle accident near Red Bud, Illinois. She suffered multiple fractures to her leg, as well as chest and rib injuries. Rowell with her husband Ryan operate in the TORQ F1T fitness centre in Torquay, Victoria.
Sport
In 2004, she moved to the United States to pursue a career in motocross riding and further
her modelling career.
In 2022, Rowell became first AusCycling’s Fast Track program to be selected to a national team after her earning selection for the 2022 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France. She is classified as C5 rider.
At the 2022 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France, she won the bronze medal in the Women's Time Trial C5 and finished 11th in the Women's Individual Pursuit C5.
References
Living people
1983 births
Australian female cyclists
Paralympic cyclists for Australia
Australian motocross riders
Place of birth missing (living people) |
The Lincoln Potters are an independent collegiate wood bat baseball team based in Lincoln, California. They are operating as part of the summer collegiate wood bat league known as the California Collegiate League. It began operations in 2016 as members of the Great West League. They play their home games at McBean Stadium in Lincoln. The Potters replaced the Lodi Crushers and Sacramento Stealth, who went inactive for 2017.
History
The Potters were named for the former minor league baseball franchise that played in the Placer-Nevada Baseball League and that was founded by newspaper editor Allen "Scoop" Thurman of the Colfax Record back in 1923. They won PNL championships in 1926, 1941, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1956 and 1957 and played until 1968. They played under several different name such as Cubs, Tigers, Merchants, and eventually the Potters. They had sponsorship from Gladding McBean, a terra cotta and clay manufacturing company located in Lincoln that replaced much of the friezes and other ornamental decorative pieces that were destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The sewer pipe and roofing tile manufacturer was founded in 1875 and still operates today as one of California's oldest companies.
On October 4, 2018, the Potters announced that they were departing the Great West League to play in the California Collegiate League for 2019 and beyond after the GWL announced that they were ceasing operations.
Year-by-year record
Great West & CA Collegiate Leagues
References
External links
Lincoln Potters official website
Great West League official website
Placer County, California
Amateur baseball teams in California
Baseball teams established in 2016
2016 establishments in California |
```ocaml
(** dune rpc command group *)
val group : unit Cmdliner.Cmd.t
``` |
The arrondissement of Narbonne is an arrondissement of France in the Aude department in the Occitanie région. Its INSEE code is 113 and its capital city is Narbonne. It has 109 communes. Its population is 165,940 (2016), and its area is .
It is the easternmost of the arrondissements of the department. The main cities, with more than 5,000 inhabitants in 2012, in the arrondissement are Narbonne (51,869 inhabitants), Lézignan-Corbières (10,883 inhabitants), Coursan (6,056 inhabitants), Port-la-Nouvelle (5,653 inhabitants) and Sigean (5,476 inhabitants).
Geography
The arrondissement of Narbonne is bordered to the north by the Hérault department, to the east by the Mediterranean Sea, to the south by the Pyrénées-Orientales department, to the southwest by the arrondissement of Limoux and to the northwest by the arrondissement of Carcassonne.
Composition
The communes of the arrondissement of Narbonne, and their INSEE codes, are:
Albas (11006)
Albières (11007)
Argeliers (11012)
Argens-Minervois (11013)
Armissan (11014)
Auriac (11020)
Bages (11024)
Bizanet (11040)
Bize-Minervois (11041)
Bouisse (11044)
Boutenac (11048)
Camplong-d'Aude (11064)
Canet (11067)
Cascastel-des-Corbières (11071)
Castelnau-d'Aude (11077)
Caves (11086)
Conilhac-Corbières (11098)
Coursan (11106)
Coustouge (11110)
Cruscades (11111)
Cucugnan (11113)
Cuxac-d'Aude (11116)
Davejean (11117)
Dernacueillette (11118)
Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse (11123)
Durban-Corbières (11124)
Embres-et-Castelmaure (11125)
Escales (11126)
Fabrezan (11132)
Félines-Termenès (11137)
Ferrals-les-Corbières (11140)
Feuilla (11143)
Fitou (11144)
Fleury (11145)
Fontcouverte (11148)
Fontjoncouse (11152)
Fraissé-des-Corbières (11157)
Ginestas (11164)
Gruissan (11170)
Homps (11172)
Jonquières (11176)
Lagrasse (11185)
Lairière (11186)
Lanet (11187)
Laroque-de-Fa (11191)
Leucate (11202)
Lézignan-Corbières (11203)
Luc-sur-Orbieu (11210)
Mailhac (11212)
Maisons (11213)
Marcorignan (11217)
Massac (11224)
Mirepeisset (11233)
Montbrun-des-Corbières (11241)
Montgaillard (11245)
Montjoi (11250)
Montredon-des-Corbières (11255)
Montséret (11256)
Moussan (11258)
Mouthoumet (11260)
Moux (11261)
Narbonne (11262)
Névian (11264)
Ornaisons (11267)
Ouveillan (11269)
Padern (11270)
Palairac (11271)
La Palme (11188)
Paraza (11273)
Paziols (11276)
Peyriac-de-Mer (11285)
Portel-des-Corbières (11295)
Port-la-Nouvelle (11266)
Pouzols-Minervois (11296)
Quintillan (11305)
Raissac-d'Aude (11307)
Ribaute (11311)
Roquecourbe-Minervois (11318)
Roquefort-des-Corbières (11322)
Roubia (11324)
Rouffiac-des-Corbières (11326)
Saint-André-de-Roquelongue (11332)
Saint-Couat-d'Aude (11337)
Sainte-Valière (11366)
Saint-Jean-de-Barrou (11345)
Saint-Laurent-de-la-Cabrerisse (11351)
Saint-Marcel-sur-Aude (11353)
Saint-Martin-des-Puits (11354)
Saint-Nazaire-d'Aude (11360)
Saint-Pierre-des-Champs (11363)
Sallèles-d'Aude (11369)
Salles-d'Aude (11370)
Salza (11374)
Sigean (11379)
Soulatgé (11384)
Talairan (11386)
Termes (11388)
Thézan-des-Corbières (11390)
Tournissan (11392)
Tourouzelle (11393)
Treilles (11398)
Tuchan (11401)
Ventenac-en-Minervois (11405)
Vignevieille (11409)
Villedaigne (11421)
Villeneuve-les-Corbières (11431)
Villerouge-Termenès (11435)
Villesèque-des-Corbières (11436)
Vinassan (11441)
History
The arrondissement of Narbonne was created in 1800. At the January 2017 reorganization of the arrondissements of Aude, it gained 27 communes from the arrondissement of Carcassonne.
As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Narbonne were, as of January 2015:
Coursan
Durban-Corbières
Ginestas
Lézignan-Corbières
Narbonne-Est
Narbonne-Ouest
Narbonne-Sud
Sigean
Tuchan
References
Narbonne
Narbonne |
The Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) is an international nonprofit organization and professional association that studies and shares research on nicotine and tobacco use from a public health and scientific perspective. It is the largest organization focused on nicotine and tobacco, with members in 40 countries. SRNT has its own official scientific journal, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, founded in 1999 and published by Oxford University Press. SRNT’s work has been used by the World Health Organization and governments in setting policies on topics such as tobacco advertising, taxation, smoke-free laws, and smoking cessation. SRNT has been particularly active in work on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement in the US. SRNT does not accept funding from the tobacco industry. The organization does accept funding from pharmaceutical companies that make medications to help people quit smoking.
SRNT was founded in 1994. Work from SRNT members was noted in public discussion leading up to the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act in the US and SRNT is cited as an expert source in the Act. SRNT also hosts SRNT University, a "collection of organized, curated training, scientific articles, and tools and resources for people working in Nicotine & Tobacco Research and related professions." The society and its members have also been involved in the current debate on tobacco harm reduction, the safety and prevalence of e-cigarettes, and other public health issues.
References
External links
Nicotine & Tobacco Research - a journal by SRNT
1999 establishments in Wisconsin
International learned societies
International medical and health organizations
International medical associations
International professional associations
Medical and health organizations based in Wisconsin
Organizations based in Madison, Wisconsin
Organizations established in 1999
Pharmacological societies
Public health organizations
Smoking
Tobacco control
Tobacco researchers |
Cieciułów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rudniki, within Olesno County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Rudniki, north-east of Olesno, and north-east of the regional capital Opole.
References
Villages in Olesno County |
Helicopsyche is a genus of Trichoptera, the caddisflies. Helicopsyche contains more than 230 species and are represented on all major faunal regions with highest diversity in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The genus was first described by Siebold, 1856.
The abundance and wide distribution of the genus makes it important to fly fishing anglers, who know it as the "Speckled Peter".
Diagnosis
Larva: The case is dextrally coiled, with coils usually completely fused. Head is oval in dorsal view and smooth except for long setae and lateral carina. In lateral view the head has a trianguloid shape with the dorsal margin straight or slightly concave. Pronotum is strongly sclerotized while meso-and metantoum are weakly sclerotized. Anal claw with a single row of comb shaped hooks. Abdominal gills either are present or absent.
Adult: maxillary palps 2-, 3-, or 4-jointed. Antennae as long as fore wing or two times longer than fore wing length. Cephalic warts variable. One pair of oblong central warts on pronotum. Mesonotum either has setal warts or not. Metanotum always with setal warts. Postscutellar line present. Male and females have similar fore wings.
Phylogenetic relationship
Helicopsyche probably forms the sister group to Rakiura McFarlane, 1973. The genus is monophyletic, since the Cochliopsyche was included by Johanson 2003. Cochliopsyche was formerly introduced by Müller (1885) as another genus within Helicopsychidae with spur formula 1, 2, 2, and very long antennae, which give them a leptocerid-like appearance. Helicopsyche now contains the six following subgenera Cochilopsyche Müller, 1885 (16 species); Petrotrichia Ulmer, 1910; Helicopsyche (subgenus) Siebold, 1856; Feropsyche Johanson, 1998 (73 species); Saetotricha Brauer, 1865; Galeopsyche.
Distribution
Europe: Italy, France, Portugal, Corsica, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Switzerland, Spain.
Asia: Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, Indonesia, Burma, Japan, Vietnam, China, Hong-Kong, Malaysia, Nepal, North Korea.
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia.
Africa: Tanzania, Zaire, Seychelles, Madagascar, Zimbabwe.
Americas: Dominican Republic, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Dominica, Peru, Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, United States, Chile, Brazil, Cuba, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, Haiti, El Salvador, Hispaniola, Trinidad, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Suriname.
References
Notes
Trichoptera genera
Integripalpia
Insects of Africa
Insects of Europe
Taxa named by Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold |
Henryk A. Witek is a chemist of Polish origin, and is a Professor of Chemistry in the National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. He obtained his scientific degrees from the Jagiellonian University (MS) and the University of Tokyo (PhD). His research interests encompass quantum and physical chemistry, applied linear algebra, as well as perturbation theory.
Achievements
Using computational methods, he carried out simulations of infrared spectra of Criegee intermediates (CH2OO). This achievement (published in Science) has important implications on the understanding of fundamental processes in environmental chemistry.
Representative publications
Henryk A. Witek, Takahito Nakijima, Kimihiko Hirao, "Relativistic and correlated all-electron calculations on the ground and excited states of AgH and AuH", J. Chem. Phys. 113, 8015 (2000).
Henryk A. Witek, Stephan Irle, Keiji Morokuma, "Analytical second-order geometrical derivatives of energy for the self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding method", J. Chem. Phys. 121, 5163 (2004).
Su YT, Huang YH, Witek HA, Lee YP, "Infrared absorption spectrum of the simplest Criegee intermediate CH2OO", Science 340, 174 (2013).
Awards
In 2005, he obtained Young Faculty Award and Scholarship from the Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship. In 2006, he became one of four awardees of the American Chemical Society Outstanding Junior Faculty Award, in 2010, he received the Distinguished Young Chemist Award from the Chinese Chemical Society, and in 2014, he was awarded the APATCC Pople Medal "for his innovative contributions to theoretical and mathematical aspects of quantum chemistry, particularly his contributions to multireference perturbation theory and the density-functional tight-binding method.".
Teaching
As an academic teacher, he offers semestral courses in general and quantum chemistry. Some of them are available online via the OpenCourseWare platform.
In fall 2017, he taught "Perturbation theory for linear operator", using the book titled the same as the course by mathematician Tosio Kato.
References
Living people
Taiwanese chemists
Academic staff of the National Chiao Tung University
University of Tokyo alumni
Computational chemists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Gierałtowice may refer to the following villages in Poland:
Gierałtowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Gierałtowice, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Gierałtowice, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland) |
João Pedro Fortes Bachiessa (born 1 May 1998) known as João Batxi, is a footballer who plays for Russian Premier League club Krasnodar as a forward. Born in Portugal, he plays for the Angola national team.
Club career
He made his professional debut for Chaves on 16 November 2019 in the Taça da Liga.
On 7 September 2022, Batxi signed a three-year contract with the Russian Premier League club Krasnodar.
International career
Born in Portugal, Batxi is of Angolan descent. He was called up to represent the Angola national football team for matches in September 2021. He debuted with Angola in a 1–0 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification loss to Egypt on 1 September 2021.
Career statistics
References
External links
1998 births
Footballers from Sintra
Portuguese sportspeople of Angolan descent
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
Angolan men's footballers
Angola men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
G.D. Chaves players
FC Krasnodar players
Campeonato de Portugal (league) players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Primeira Liga players
Russian Premier League players
Angolan expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Angolan expatriate sportspeople in Russia |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
require "resource"
require "livecheck"
RSpec.describe Resource do
subject(:resource) { described_class.new("test") }
let(:livecheck_resource) do
described_class.new do
url "path_to_url"
sha256 your_sha256_hash
livecheck do
url "path_to_url"
regex(/foo[._-]v?(\d+(?:\.\d+)+)\.t/i)
end
end
end
describe "#url" do
it "sets the URL" do
resource.url("foo")
expect(resource.url).to eq("foo")
end
it "can set the URL with specifications" do
resource.url("foo", branch: "master")
expect(resource.url).to eq("foo")
expect(resource.specs).to eq(branch: "master")
end
it "can set the URL with a custom download strategy class" do
strategy = Class.new(AbstractDownloadStrategy)
resource.url("foo", using: strategy)
expect(resource.url).to eq("foo")
expect(resource.download_strategy).to eq(strategy)
end
it "can set the URL with specifications and a custom download strategy class" do
strategy = Class.new(AbstractDownloadStrategy)
resource.url("foo", using: strategy, branch: "master")
expect(resource.url).to eq("foo")
expect(resource.specs).to eq(branch: "master")
expect(resource.download_strategy).to eq(strategy)
end
it "can set the URL with a custom download strategy symbol" do
resource.url("foo", using: :git)
expect(resource.url).to eq("foo")
expect(resource.download_strategy).to eq(GitDownloadStrategy)
end
it "raises an error if the download strategy class is unknown" do
expect { resource.url("foo", using: Class.new) }.to raise_error(TypeError)
end
it "does not mutate the specifications hash" do
specs = { using: :git, branch: "master" }
resource.url("foo", **specs)
expect(resource.specs).to eq(branch: "master")
expect(resource.using).to eq(:git)
expect(specs).to eq(using: :git, branch: "master")
end
end
describe "#livecheck" do
specify "when livecheck block is set" do
expect(livecheck_resource.livecheck.url).to eq("path_to_url")
expect(livecheck_resource.livecheck.regex).to eq(/foo[._-]v?(\d+(?:\.\d+)+)\.t/i)
end
end
describe "#livecheckable?" do
it "returns false if livecheck block is not set in resource" do
expect(resource.livecheckable?).to be false
end
specify "livecheck block defined in resources" do
expect(livecheck_resource.livecheckable?).to be true
end
end
describe "#version" do
it "sets the version" do
resource.version("1.0")
expect(resource.version).to eq(Version.parse("1.0"))
expect(resource.version).not_to be_detected_from_url
end
it "can detect the version from a URL" do
resource.url("path_to_url")
expect(resource.version).to eq(Version.parse("1.0"))
expect(resource.version).to be_detected_from_url
end
it "can set the version with a scheme" do
klass = Class.new(Version)
resource.version klass.new("1.0")
expect(resource.version).to eq(Version.parse("1.0"))
expect(resource.version).to be_a(klass)
end
it "can set the version from a tag" do
resource.url("path_to_url", tag: "v1.0.2")
expect(resource.version).to eq(Version.parse("1.0.2"))
expect(resource.version).to be_detected_from_url
end
it "rejects non-string versions" do
expect { resource.version(1) }.to raise_error(TypeError)
expect { resource.version(2.0) }.to raise_error(TypeError)
expect { resource.version(Object.new) }.to raise_error(TypeError)
end
it "returns nil if unset" do
expect(resource.version).to be_nil
end
end
describe "#mirrors" do
it "is empty by defaults" do
expect(resource.mirrors).to be_empty
end
it "returns an array of mirrors added with #mirror" do
resource.mirror("foo")
resource.mirror("bar")
expect(resource.mirrors).to eq(%w[foo bar])
end
end
describe "#checksum" do
it "returns nil if unset" do
expect(resource.checksum).to be_nil
end
it "returns the checksum set with #sha256" do
resource.sha256(TEST_SHA256)
expect(resource.checksum).to eq(Checksum.new(TEST_SHA256))
end
end
describe "#download_strategy" do
it "returns the download strategy" do
strategy = Class.new(AbstractDownloadStrategy)
expect(DownloadStrategyDetector)
.to receive(:detect).with("foo", nil).and_return(strategy)
resource.url("foo")
expect(resource.download_strategy).to eq(strategy)
end
end
describe "#owner" do
it "sets the owner" do
owner = Object.new
resource.owner = owner
expect(resource.owner).to eq(owner)
end
it "sets its owner to be the patches' owner" do
resource.patch(:p1) { url "file:///my.patch" }
owner = Object.new
resource.owner = owner
resource.patches.each do |p|
expect(p.resource.owner).to eq(owner)
end
end
end
describe "#patch" do
it "adds a patch" do
resource.patch(:p1, :DATA)
expect(resource.patches.count).to eq(1)
expect(resource.patches.first.strip).to eq(:p1)
end
end
specify "#verify_download_integrity_missing" do
fn = Pathname.new("test")
allow(fn).to receive(:file?).and_return(true)
expect(fn).to receive(:verify_checksum).and_raise(ChecksumMissingError)
expect(fn).to receive(:sha256)
resource.verify_download_integrity(fn)
end
specify "#verify_download_integrity_mismatch" do
fn = instance_double(Pathname, file?: true, basename: "foo")
checksum = resource.sha256(TEST_SHA256)
expect(fn).to receive(:verify_checksum)
.with(checksum)
.and_raise(ChecksumMismatchError.new(fn, checksum, Object.new))
expect do
resource.verify_download_integrity(fn)
end.to raise_error(ChecksumMismatchError)
end
end
``` |
The 2016–17 season was the 27th edition of Bayern Munich's women's section since the creation of the Frauen Bundesliga. In it the team tried to defend its second consecutive Frauen Bundesliga title and made its third appearance in the UEFA Women's Champions League.
Summary
Bayern had successfully defended its first Bundesliga title and won the 2015–16 championship too with a 10 points advantage over Wolfsburg – the largest gap between the league's champion and runner-up since the 2001–02 edition. On the other hand, in its return to the UEFA Women's Champions League, where Wolfsburg lost the final on penalties against Olympique Lyonnais, Bayern failed to progress to the later stages and was knocked out by Twente on away goals in the Round of 32. In the DFB-Pokal the team reached the semifinals, where it was eliminated by the sensation of the competition, Sand.
The day after the DFB-Pokal elimination, Bayern announced its first signing for the 2016–17 season, international Verena Faißt from Wolfsburg. Before the end of the Bundesliga another experienced German international was signed, Frankfurt's Simone Laudehr, while Eunice Beckmann left the club for NWSL's Boston Breakers.
Few days after the final Bundesliga game against Hoffenheim Bayern signed midfielder Anna Gerhardt coming from Köln, which had just been relegated. She has followed one month later by Dutch defender Stefanie van der Gragt from Twente and Jacintha Weimar, who replaced Fabienne Weber as Bayern's third goalkeeper. On the other hand, Paris St.-Germain signed Spanish midfielder Vero Boquete, and Laura Feiersinger and Raffaella Manieri, who had played few games in the 2015–16 season, signed for Sand and Brescia respectively.
Bayern failed to win its two first Bundesliga home games, tying 1–1 against Freiburg and losing 1–2 against title contender Wolfsburg. However, the team won all away games in the Bundesliga up to March, chaining six victories until they lost 1–2 against Turbine Potsdam, back to the top positions after a disappointing 2015–16 season, on December 11. Meanwhile, Bayern had easily knocked out the Scottish and Russian runners-up Hibernian and Rossiyanka by wide aggregates (10–1 and 8–0 respectively) in the Champions League and reached the quarterfinals for the first time. Lastly it progressed easily past lower-division teams 1. FC Riegelsberg (0–15) and Arminia Ibbenbüren (0–8) in the DFB-Pokal.
In November, following the end of the 2016 Damallsvenskan, signed Fridolina Rolfö from champion Linköping. One month later Claire Falknor, having played no Bundesliga games in the first half of the season, departed to the NWSL.
On January 9 Melanie Behringer was nominated in the successor of the FIFA Women's World Player, The Best Awards. Bayern was the only team with more than one player in the top 5 positions, as Sara Däbritz ranked fifth. Meanwhile, the team held a training stage in Andalusia during the winter interseason, in which they defeated Arsenal 3–1 in a charitable friendly played in Betis' home ground.
Back into official action, Bayern defeated Freiburg and Jena before facing two crucial games against Wolfsburg in March. They lost both by 0–2 as Wolfsburg knocked them out of the DFB Pokal in the quarterfinals and set course for the title. Next they faced the Champions League's quarterfinals against 2014–15 runner-up Paris St.-Germain. Bayern won the first leg by 1–0 but suffered a 4–0 defeat in the Parc des Princes. Thus the team ended March out of the Champions League and the Pokal and with few options of winning the Bundesliga.
From April Bayern won the next three Bundesliga games before losing 4–2 against Frankfurt. On May 11 it defeated Borussia Mönchengladbach but lost all mathematical options to win the championship with Wolfsburg's 2–1 victory over Essen. Bayern now faced a head-to-head match for the other Champions League spot against Turbine Potsdam. They won it with a remarkable 0–4 scoreline, and sealed their qualification in the last game by defeating Essen by 2–0.
Transfers
Results
Numbers in brackets in league games show the team's position in the table following the match
Preseason and interseason
UEFA Women's Champions League
Frauen Bundesliga
Frauen DFB-Pokal
Bundesliga statistics
1 Senior internationals in bold
References
2016–17 in German women's football
Bayern Munich women
Women's football club seasons |
Geoffrey Paul Barrow (born 9 December 1971) is an English music producer, composer, and DJ. He is a member of the bands Portishead, Beak and supergroup Quakers, and has scored several films.
Portishead—formed in 1991—was named after the small coastal town near Bristol where Barrow grew up. On his intentions in forming Portishead, he has stated, "I just wanted to make interesting music, proper songs with a proper life span and a decent place in people's record collections."
Life and career
Portishead
Born in Walton in Gordano, Somerset, Geoff and his mother moved to the town Portishead when he was eleven, after his parents divorced. After being involved in many local rock bands, playing drums and DJing in hip hop groups, Barrow got his first job at the Coach House Studios as a tape operator soon after it opened in 1989. In 1991, while he was assisting on Massive Attack's breakthrough album Blue Lines, the band allowed him spare studio time to get his own ideas on tape. Soon after, Barrow met Beth Gibbons during a coffee break at an Enterprise Allowance course. They formed the band Portishead, later adding third member Adrian Utley, releasing their debut album Dummy in 1994 to critical acclaim. The group have since produced two more studio albums, a live album, and various singles in the years since. Their most recent album, Third, was released in April 2008. The group performed for the first time in seven years at the on 2 May 2022, as part of a War Child concert benefitting refugees and children affected by the Ukraine war.
Invada
In 2001, Barrow formed the Australian record label Invada, whose artist roster includes acts such as RuC.L and ARIA-award-winning group Koolism), together with Katalyst's Ashley Anderson. In 2003 he set up the UK arm of Invada, a more experimental music label with partner Fat Paul. Bands who released work through Invada included Gonga, Team Brick, Atavist, Joe Volk, malakai and Crippled Black Phoenix. Barrow co-produced and co-wrote Stephanie McKay's 2003 debut album, McKay, under the pseudonym Fuzzface. The album featuring songs co-penned by Tim Saul and Carl Hancock Rux.
Side-projects, producing and collaborations
At the dawn of the '90s, Barrow was making a name for himself as a remixer, working with such artists as Primal Scream, Paul Weller, Gabrielle and Depeche Mode. He produced a track for Tricky and wrote songs for Neneh Cherry, both of whom were based in Bristol and also worked with Massive Attack. He has remixed songs for both Gravediggaz and the Pharcyde. In 2005, Barrow and Portishead collaborator Adrian Utley produced the Coral's third album, The Invisible Invasion. In 2009, Barrow produced the Horrors' second album Primary Colours with Craig Silvey. He mixed the self-titled debut album by Billy Nomates, as well as her EP Emergency Telephone.
In 2009 he formed Beak with Billy Fuller (Fuzz Against Junk) and Matt Williams (Team Brick). Their self-titled album was released in 2009. In 2010 the group performed as the backing band for Anika's self-titled debut album. Barrow had met Anika, a political journalist, and proposed recording material together. The album was produced over twelve days, using one room, no overdubs or repair, and only edits to create arrangements. The album's lead single, "Yang Yang", was released on 17 November 2009 through Invada and Stones Throw Records in the USA and Japan.
In early 2012, Barrow's new hip hop project Quakers was announced to be releasing an album on Stones Throw. He also formed the musical project Drokk with TV composer Ben Salisbury and released the album Drokk: Music inspired by Mega-City One, with songs inspired by the comic book character Judge Dredd. On 2 July Barrow, Billy Fuller and Matt Williams released their second Beak album through Invada. On 20 September 2018 the band, with Will Young replacing Williams, released their third album on Invada.
Film work
Barrow was the music supervisor for the Banksy film Exit Through the Gift Shop, which premièred at the Sundance Film Festival on 24 January 2010, and was released in April 2010.
In 2013, Barrow collaborated again with Ben Salisbury on the score for the Alex Garland film Ex Machina. The pair also worked together on a 2018 film Annihilation, 2020 miniseries Devs and 2022 film Men. The duo also collaborated on the scores for the Black Mirror episode "Men Against Fire" and the Netflix series Archive 81. Barrow, Salisbury and Simon Ashdown produced the score for the Prime Video series Hanna.
Beak performed the soundtrack for Tom Geens' 2015 film Couple in a Hole, drawing largely on the band's earlier material. In 2016, Barrow scored the Ben Wheatley film Free Fire.
Credits
Production and guest appearances
References
External links
Invada Records
Geoff Barrow on MySpace (as noted in the Portishead's MySpace blog)
Beak on MySpace
Interview with 3news.co.nz
1971 births
English record producers
Living people
People from Portishead, Somerset
English DJs
Portishead (band) members
Quakers (band) members
Musicians from Bristol |
Banks Peninsula is a peninsula of volcanic origin on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It has an area of approximately and encompasses two large harbours and many smaller bays and coves. The South Island's largest city, Christchurch, is immediately north of the peninsula.
Geology
Banks Peninsula forms the most prominent volcanic feature of the South Island, similar to — but more than twice as large as — the older Dunedin volcano (Otago Peninsula and Harbour) to the southwest. Geologically, the peninsula comprises the eroded remnants of two large (Lyttelton formed first, then Akaroa), and the smaller Mt Herbert Volcanic Group. These formed due to intraplate volcanism between approximately eleven and eight million years ago (Miocene) on a continental crust. The peninsula formed as offshore islands, with the volcanoes reaching to about 1,500 m above sea level. Two dominant craters formed Lyttelton and Akaroa Harbours.
The Canterbury Plains formed from the erosion of the Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana (an extensive and high mountain range caused by the meeting of the Indo-Australian and Pacific tectonic plates) and from the alluvial fans created by large braided rivers. These plains reach their widest point where they meet the hilly sub-region of Banks Peninsula. A layer of loess, a rather unstable fine silt deposited by the foehn winds which bluster across the plains, covers the northern and western flanks of the peninsula. The portion of crater rim lying between Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō and Christchurch city forms the Port Hills.
Prehistory
According to tradition the first Māori settlers of the area now known as Banks Peninsula were the Waitaha led by their founding ancestor Rākaihautū. The Māori name for the peninsula is Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū (The Storehouse of Rākaihautū) in recognition of his deeds and the abundance of mahinga kai (foods of the forests, sea, rivers and skies). They were followed by Kāti Māmoe, and then the Ngāi Tahu hapū Ngāi Tūhaitara, who arrived in the 1730s.
History
The first European sighting of the peninsula was on 17 February 1770 by Captain James Cook and crew during Cook's first circumnavigation of New Zealand. Cook described the land as "of a circular figure ... of a very broken uneven surface and [having] more the appearance of barrenness than fertility." Deceived by the outline of higher land behind the peninsula, Cook mistook it for an island and named it "Banks Island" in honour of s botanist, Joseph Banks. Distracted by a phantom sighting of land to the southeast, Cook then ordered Endeavour away to the south without exploring more closely.
In 1809, Captain Samuel Chase, in the sealer Pegasus, corrected Cook's charts by determining that "Banks Island" was in fact a peninsula. His first officer, William Stewart, charted this area of the coast. Pegasus Bay is named after their vessel.
In 1830, the Māori settlement at Takapūneke was sacked, and the local Ngāi Tahu chief, Tama-i-hara-nui captured, by Ngāti Toa chief, Te Rauparaha, with the assistance of the captain of the British brig Elizabeth, John Stewart. It was partly as a result of this massacre that the British authorities sent James Busby, as official British Resident, to New Zealand in 1832.
During the 1830s, several European whaling bases were established on Banks Peninsula. In 1838 Captain Jean François Langlois, a French whaler, decided that Akaroa would make a good settlement to service whaling ships and made a provisional purchase of land in "the greater Banks Peninsula" from 12 Kāi Tahu chiefs. A deposit of commodities in the value of £6 was paid and a further £234 worth of commodities was to be paid at a later period. He returned to France, advertised for settlers to go to New Zealand, and ceded his interest in the land to the Nanto-Bordelaise Company, of which he became a part-owner. On 9 March 1840 he set sail for New Zealand with a group of French and German families aboard the ship , with the intention of forming a French colony on a French South Island of New Zealand. By the time Langlois and his colonists arrived at Banks Peninsula in August 1840, many Māori had already signed the Treaty of Waitangi (the signatories including two chiefs at Akaroa in May) and New Zealand's first British Governor, William Hobson, had declared British sovereignty over the whole of New Zealand. On hearing of the French plan for colonisation, Hobson quickly dispatched HMS Britomart from the Bay of Islands to Akaroa with police magistrates on board. While Langlois and his colonists sheltered from unfavourable winds at Pigeon Bay on the other side of the peninsula, the British raised their flag at Greens Point between Akaroa and Takapūneke and courts of law convened to assert British sovereignty over the South Island. The French colonists arrived in Akaroa Harbour on 18 August and established a settlement centred on the present-day site of Akaroa. Given that the French colonists had set out for New Zealand on the assumption that they owned the land, the New Zealand authorities made a grant of 30,000 acres to the Nanto-Bordelaise Company, which ceded all rights to the peninsula for £4,500.
During the 1840s, the peninsula and the Canterbury Plains beyond were considered for colonisation, but it took until 1848 for the Canterbury Association chief surveyor, Captain Joseph Thomas to survey the surrounding plains and prepare for the arrival of the Canterbury pilgrims in December 1850.
From the 1850s, Lyttelton and then Christchurch outgrew Akaroa, which is now a holiday resort and cruise ship destination and has retained many French influences as well as many of its nineteenth-century buildings.
Historic harbour defence works dating from 1874 onwards survive at Ripapa Island in Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō, and at Awaroa / Godley Head.
In 2011, the Christchurch earthquakes of Feb and June had their epicentres in the Port Hills, significantly affecting communities.
Economy
Fisheries
Several sites off the coast of the peninsula serve for mariculture cultivation of mussels.
Farming
Farming has been a traditional industry on Banks Peninsula.
Tourism
Following the major earthquakes of 2010 and 2011, which affected Christchurch and Lyttelton (the harbour serving Christchurch), cruise ships were diverted to Akaroa Harbour.
Summit Road
The Summit Road forms a notable feature on the peninsula. The road included portions of the early tracks that were built to move cattle around (e.g. the 15 mile track from Akaroa to Pigeon Bay completed in 1844). Much of the construction was completed in the 1880s with more work carried out in the 1930s, the road is in two sections (both of which have views of the area, as well as parks, walkways, and other recreational features):
one section runs along the crest of the Port Hills from Awaroa / Godley Head (the northern head of Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō) to Gebbies Pass at the head of the harbour.
the other section runs around the crater rim of Akaroa Harbour from 'Hill Top' – the junction with the main Christchurch-Akaroa highway – to a point above Akaroa.
Conservation
Estimates suggest that native forest once covered 98% of the peninsula. However, Māori and European settlers successively denuded the forest cover and less than 2% remains today, although some reforestation has started. European settlers have planted many English trees, notably walnut.
Hinewai Reserve
Hinewai Reserve, a private nature reserve, has been established on the peninsula to allow for native forest to regenerate on land that was once farmed. It was established in 1987 and now spans 1250 hectares of native bush. it has 40 km of walking tracks through the native bush.
Other protected areas on the peninsula include Ellangowan Scenic Reserve (3.14 km2), designated in 1973, Mount Herbert Scenic Reserve (2.42 km2), designated in 1980, Wairewa Stewardship Area (6.51 km2), designated in 1987, and Palm Gully Scenic Reserve (1.11 km2), designated in 1989.
Marine Reserves
A large Marine Mammal Sanctuary, mainly restricting set-net fishing, surrounds much of the peninsula. This has the principal aim of the conservation of Hector's dolphin, the smallest of all dolphin species. Eco-tourism based around the playful dolphins has now become a significant industry in Akaroa.
The relatively small Pōhatu Marine Reserve centres on Pōhatu / Flea Bay on the south-east side of the peninsula and the larger Akaroa Marine Reserve lies at the entrance to the Akaroa Harbour.
Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust
The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust aims to improve public walking and biking access and enhance biodiversity on Banks Peninsula.
They (in 2020) are raising money to purchase 500ha of land including the summits of Mt Herbert/Te Ahu Pātiki and Mt Bradley with the intention to set up a conservation park protecting and restoring native biodiversity. The land is currently farmland but over time the trust intends to return it to native bush. In May 2021, the money was raised to purchase the land. The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust plans to upgrade fencing and remove feral grazing animals.
The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust are also involved in developing Te Ara Pātaka, also known as the Summit Walkway. They have also been involved in providing tramping huts (Rod Donald Hut and Ōtamahua Hut on Ōtamahua / Quail Island) for the public to access.
Banks Peninsula Conservation Trust
Banks Peninsula Conservation Trust was formed in 2001. It works to conserve and enhance the biodiversity and encourage sustainable land management on Banks Peninsula. Work being undertaken in 2020 included work to protect ruru (morepork) and tūī. They also work with landowners to legally protect important biodiversity and landscape values in perpetuity through covenants.
Demographics
Banks Peninsula Ward of Christchurch City Council, which encompasses the area south of the Port Hills, covers .
Banks Peninsula Ward had a population of 8,850 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 615 people (7.5%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 684 people (8.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 3,747 households. There were 4,374 males and 4,476 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.98 males per female. The median age was 48.4 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 1,410 people (15.9%) aged under 15 years, 999 (11.3%) aged 15 to 29, 4,710 (53.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,728 (19.5%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 93.1% European/Pākehā, 8.3% Māori, 1.3% Pacific peoples, 3.1% Asian, and 2.0% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities).
The proportion of people born overseas was 26.8%, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people objected to giving their religion, 58.9% had no religion, 29.0% were Christian, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.5% were Muslim, 0.7% were Buddhist and 3.4% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 2,400 (32.3%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 804 (10.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $36,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 3,807 (51.2%) people were employed full-time, 1,383 (18.6%) were part-time, and 135 (1.8%) were unemployed.
Towns
Akaroa
Akaroa is a small town on the edge of the Akaroa harbour.
Little River
Little River is a small town which sits at the end of the Little River Rail Trail. There are several art galleries, a camp ground, rugby club and primary school there. Wairewa.
Wainui
Wainui is a settlement of mostly holiday houses on the Akaroa harbour.
Wainui can mean 'big water' or 'big river' or 'big bay'. Wainui was once home to a large Ngāti Māmoe settlement. Wainui has important associations for Ngāi Tahu as the bay was then claimed by Te Ruahikihiki for Ngāi Tahu. He made his claim when he landed at Wainui and dug for fern roots there. (This was one of the many traditional ways to claim land). In Ngāi Tahu legend, Tuhiraki (Mt Bossu) which lies behind Wainui, is the resting place of the kō (digging stick) of Rakaihautū. He used this digging stick to dig out many of the South Island lakes.
In 1856, the Wainui Māori Reserve was established and set aside 432 acres for the Ngāi Tarewa Hapū of Ngāi Tahu. In the 1857 census, there was 40 people living there but by 1861, this had declined to 20 people.
A post office was established in 1874, telephone office in 1875, school in 1885 and Presbyterian Church in 1911.
Duvauchelle
Duvauchelle is a small town which sits at the head of the Akaroa harbour.
Diamond Harbour
Diamond Harbour is on Banks Peninsula.
Bays
The inland valleys of the Port Hills known as McCormacks Bay and Moncks Bay are bays of the Avon Heathcote Estuary, rather that coastal bays of Banks Peninsula. Working around the coast from north to south one encounters:
Sumner Bay
Sumner Bay marks the coastal transition from the long sandy beach of Pegasus Bay and the lowlands of the Canterbury Plains to the rocky cliffs of Banks Peninsula. While Sumner is politically and socially considered a suburb of Christchurch, the high Clifton cliffs and the post of volcanic rock on the beach, known locally as Rapanui, or Shag Rock, mark the place where the coastal plains meet the peninsula.
Taylors Mistake
Taylors Mistake is a Christchurch swimming beach with a number of holiday houses lining the bay. Originally, it was known as Vincent's Bay as a result of a Captain John Vincent wrecking his schooner in the bay. It became known as Taylors Mistake in 1853 after another ship wreck in the bay. This time, a Captain Samuel Taylor wrecked his cutter named Hawk at night time. Taylors Mistake is known as Te One-poto in Māori.
Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō
Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō is a harbour within Banks Peninsula. Within the harbour lies Ōtamahua / Quail Island and Ripapa Island.
Port Levy
Port Levy is the most north facing of the bays on Banks Peninsula. It has been visited by Europeans since the 1820s and known as Koukourarata in Māori.
Pigeon Bay
Pigeon Bay has a walking track which follows the eastern side of Pigeon bay out to the head of the bay. It takes about 4 or 5 hours to walk there and back. It has spectacular coastal views. There are a number of holiday homes in Pigeon bay as well as a yacht club and a camping ground. Pigeon Bay most likely gained its name from early whalers seeing the large number of pigeons (kererū) in the forests of Pigeon Bay. The first reference to Pigeon Bay was in 1836.
Captain Langlois celebrated his "purchase" of Banks Peninsula on 9 August 1840 by raising the French flag and conducting a 101 gun salute at Pigeon Bay.
HMS Britomart visited Pigeon Bay towards the end of August 1840 conducting the first hydrographic survey and reinforcing British sovereignty of Banks Peninsula.
Little Akaloa
Little Akaloa is named "little" to distinguish it from Akaroa. It was spelt Hakaroa until 1864. Feral goats have been a problem in Little Akaloa but a successful cull of them in early 2019 is helping eradication efforts on Banks Peninsula.
A moonfish (150 cm long) washed up on the beach at Little Akaloa in 2013. They are more commonly found further north.
Farming around Little Akaloa is a mainstay of the economy. with accommodation providers being a second. Camping at the Little Akaloa Domain is popular in summer. The beach has a boat ramp.
Okains Bay
Okains Bay has a holiday camp ground and a large sandy beach.
Le Bons Bay
Le Bons Bay has a large often empty beach. There is a small settlement of holiday houses. It is surrounded by rolling hills. A river empties into the sea where New Zealand Fur Seals often frolic. First known as Bones bay in 1845, it became known as Le Bons Bay. It is suggested that this was either that a French settler named Le Bon lived there, or that early French settlers called it "The good bay" or that it is a corruption of Bones bay.
John Cuff and William Cudden established a timber mill in Le Bons Bay in 1857. By 1878, the population of Le Bons Bay reached 237. At this stage, the timber had all been milled and the timber mill was moved to Hickory Bay until 1886.
Hickory Bay
Hickory Bay is known as having a beach that provides good surfing. It is east facing. It is known in Māori as Waikerikikari, the Bay of Angry Waters, and was never permanently settled by Māori.
The Ellangowan Scenic Reserve walk is located just below the Summit road in Hickory Bay.
Goughs Bay
Goughs Bay was home to a pā in the 1820s with around 100 people living there. The residents were fugitives from the Kai Huānga feud. In 1830 the pā was attacked by Te Maiharanui and again in 1832 by Te Rauparaha’s raiding parties.
Goughs Bay is most likely named after a whaler, Walter Gough, who was put ashore at the bay in 1836 after an attempted mutiny on the whaling barque Australian. He lived there in the Māori community for many years. Goughs Bay was first referenced in 1858 when Elie Bauriaud, who originally arrived on the Comte de Paris, purchased land there.
Goughs Bay is a well known surfing location and has an exposed beach break that provides consistent surf through out the year.
In 2021, funding was put aside to protect and fence the upper Goughs Bay stream catchment. The aims were to exclude stock, allow native bush to regenerate and improve the water quality. Mataī and tōtara trees will be protected as well as a range of native animals.
A significant rain storm in December 2021 caused damage to the access road to Goughs Bay, with a number of slips making the road impassable. Five weeks later, the road was still closed because of the 34 slips blocking the access road. A report into the Christchurch City Council response to the damage caused by the storm highlighted areas for improvement in how the Christchurch City Council responds to emergencies.
Ōtanerito Bay
Home to a Ngāti Māmoe pā (known as Parakākāriki) and an ancient Māori burial ground, Ōtanerito Bay possibly means "the place of Tane, the fertile one". Home to the Hinewai reserve since 1987. Ōtanerito Bay also formed part of the Banks Track until 2017.
Pōhatu / Flea Bay
Pōhatu / Flea Bay has large colonies of penguins and seals living there, It is home to the Pōhatu Marine Reserve. The Marine Reserve is home to many fish species including triplefins, lumpfish, moki, butterfish, spotties, banded wrasse, blue cod, leather jackets, lobsters, pāua and rockfish.
Akaroa Harbour
Akaroa Harbour is one of the two large harbours on Banks Peninsula. The other being Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō.
Peraki Bay
Peraki Bay is one of the bigger bays on the south west coast of Banks Peninsula. Multiple spellings of Peraki have existed. It was home to a whaling station in the 1830s and 1840s.
Tumbledown Bay/Te Kāio
Tumbledown Bay is considered one of the best beaches near Christchurch. Most people are put off by the drive to get there, hence it is usually very quiet. Tumbledown bay has supported a large Māori population in pre-European times. Numerous archaeological digs have uncovered artefacts including tool fragments, fish hooks, oven stones and seal, Kurī (dog), tuatara, penguin, kiwi, kererū and moa remains in the middens.
Tumbledown bay, was named as a result of the actions of Billy Simpson, who working on sailing boats in the area as early as 1836. He was instructed to collect a case of alcohol from a local whaling station. On his return, he sat down in the bay and had a drink or two. On getting up he succeeded in allowing all the bottles to tumble down the hillside and break hence the naming. The earliest reference to the name of Tumbledown bay occurred in 1842.
There are two small islets at the entrance of the bay named Jachin and Boaz (after the pillars to the Temple of Solomon). These were thought to have been named by Bishop George Selwyn.
In 1911, the Bell Flower (a 98 ton schooner) was wrecked on the cliffs next to Tumbledown Bay.
Te Oka Bay
Magnet Bay
Magnet Bay is known as a spot to go surfing. It has an exposed reef and point break. These provide reasonably consistent surf all year around. The bay is known in Māori as Makara and a pa existed in the bay at one stage. Magnet Bay is named after the Magnet, a 148-ton barque that was shipwrecked in the bay on 3 September 1844. It was sailing under the charge of a Captain Lewis who was travelling from Wellington to Waikouaiti. One person lost their life in the shipwreck.
Mountains
Banks Peninsula includes numerous hills or mountains. Named peaks over 700 metres high include:
Mount Herbert / Te Ahu Pātiki is the tallest point on Banks Peninsula at 919m
Mt Bradley, the second tallest peak on Banks Peninsula at 855m was named after Reginald Robert Bradley who farmed at Charteris Bay from 1858 and also was the vicar of the Parish of Governors Bay and Purau. His oldest son, Orton Bradley, took over the farm which became Orton Bradley Park after his death in 1943.
Mt Sinclair at 841m was named after Captain Francis Sinclair who lived at Holmes Bay. He drowned in 1846 when sailing from Banks Peninsula to Wellington in his schooner Jessie Millar. In Māori, Mt Sinclair is known as Tarawera.
Saddle Hill (841m) befits its descriptive name. The French settlers named it Pitou Comete and the Māori named it Puwaitaha or Ka Mokaikai. Near the summit is a spring known as Te Wai-o-hine-puariari
Mt Fitzgerald (826 metres) overlooks Holmes Bay. It is named after William Fitzgerald who arrived at Pigeon Bay in 1861 and taught at the Pigeon Bay Academy until 1869.
Flag Peak (809 metres)
Stony Bay Peak (806 metres)
Brasenose (785 metres)
View Hill (762 metres)
High Bare Peak (756 metres)
Lavericks (755 metres) and Lavericks Bay could have been named after several people. George Laverick was an early settler in the area. It could also have been named after Captain Laverick of the schooner Lookin which supplied provisions to Akaroa and the Peninsula in the early 1840s. A third explanation is that it was named after Charlie Laveroux, a Frenchman who ended up marooned at the bay by bad weather during a hunting trip. The Māori name for the peak is Ōtepatotu.
Duvauchelle Peak (738 metres) and the town of Duvauchelle were named after the Duvauchelle brothers who arrived in 1840 at Akaroa. They ran a store in Akaroa before departing for South Pacific Islands in 1843.
Mt Evans (703 metres) was named at some point between 1849 and 1850 after First Lieutenant Frederick Evans of the survey paddleship HMS Acheron.
Walking tracks
Banks Track
The Banks Track is a 31 km circular route which starts in Akaroa and visits Flea Bay, Stony Bay and Hinewai Reserve.
Te Ara Pātaka (Summit walkway)
The Te Ara Pātaka (Summit walkway) is a three day tramp that can start at multiple places. The longest routes start either at Gebbies Pass or Kaituna Valley and go to Sign of the Packhorse Hut on the first day. On the second day, trampers follow a track crossing just below Mount Bradley (855 metres) and then ascend Mount Herbert (919 metres) before descending to the Port Levy Saddle. From here it is a short walk to the second overnight stay at Rod Donald Hut. The third day takes in Mount Fitzgerald (826 metres) and Mount Sinclair (841 metres). The track then descends past a 2000 year old giant tōtara in Montgomery Park Scenic Reserve before finishing near the Hilltop tavern on state highway 75.
Le Race
The annual 100 km road cycling race from Cathedral Square in Christchurch to Akaroa traverses Banks Peninsula. The course climbs up Dyers Pass road, follows the summit road along the Port Hills before descending Gebbies Pass to State highway 75. It then ascends to Hilltop before turning off and following the summit road, climbing Duvauchelle peak and descending Long Bays Road into Akaroa. It has been won by three times by Mark Bailey and Michael Vink, twice by Jeremy Yates and Daniel Whitehouse. Hayden Roulston (2016) and Brian Fowler (2005 ) have also won it. In the women's competition Jo Buick, Reta Trotman and Sharlotte Lucas have all won it three times.
Churches
There are a number of historic churches in the valleys and bays of Banks Peninsula. These include
St John the Evangelist Catholic church, Little River
St John the Evangelist Anglican church, Okains Bay
St John the Evangelist Anglican church, Duvauchelle
St Patrick's Catholic Church, Akaroa
St Peter's Anglican Church, Akaroa
Trinity Presbyterian Church, Akaroa
St Kentigern's Anglican Church, Kaituna Valley
Wainui Presbyterian Community Church
St Luke's Anglican Church, Little Akaloa
Knox Presbyterian Church, Pigeon Bay
St Paul's Anglican Church, Port Levy
Church of the Epiphany, Anglican church, Gebbies Valley
St Cuthbert's Anglican Church, Allandale
St Peter's Anglican Church, Teddington
St Andrew's Anglican Church, Little River
Onuku Anglican Church, The Kaik, Onuku Road, Akaroa
St Andrew's Anglican Church, Le Bons Bay
The Church of the Protection of the Mother of God, Le Bons Bay
References
Further reading
Ogilvie Gordon (2017). Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills, Canterbury University Press.
External links
Banks Peninsula District census results: 2001, 1996
Map of Banks Peninsula ward, Christchurch
Peninsulas of New Zealand
Shield volcanoes of New Zealand
Miocene shield volcanoes
Landforms of Canterbury, New Zealand
Polygenetic shield volcanoes
Tourist attractions in Christchurch
Whaling stations in New Zealand |
Listed below are the UCI Professional Continental and Continental Teams that compete in road bicycle racing events of the UCI Continental Circuits organised by the International Cycling Union (UCI). The UCI Continental Circuits are divided in 5 continental zones, the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania.
UCI professional continental teams
According to the UCI Rulebook, "a professional continental team is an organisation created to take part in road events open to professional continental teams. It is known by a unique name and registered with the UCI in accordance with the provisions below.
The professional continental team comprises all the riders registered with the UCI as members of the team, the paying agent, the sponsors and all other persons contracted by the paying agent and/or the sponsors to provide for the continuing operation of the team (manager, team manager, coach, paramedical assistant, mechanic, etc.).
Each professional continental team must employ at least 14 riders, 2 team managers and 3 other staff (paramedical assistants, mechanics, etc.) on a full time basis for the whole registration year."
List of current UCI Africa Tour professional teams
List of 2008 UCI America Tour professional teams
As of 29 January 2008.
List of 2008 UCI Asia Tour professional teams
List of 2008 UCI Europe Tour professional teams
As of 27 January 2008
List of 2008 UCI Oceania Tour professional teams
As of 29 January 2008
UCI Continental Teams
According to the UCI Rulebook, "a UCI continental team is a team of road riders recognised and licensed to take part in events on the continental calendars by the national federation of the nationality of the majority of its riders and registered with the UCI. The precise structure (legal and financial status, registration, guarantees, standard contract, etc.) of these teams shall be determined by the regulations of the national federation."
Riders may be professional or amateur.
List of 2008 UCI Africa Tour teams
List of 2008 UCI America Tour teams
Updated for 2008
List of 2008 UCI Asia Tour teams
Updated for 2007
List of 2008 UCI Europe Tour teams
List of 2008 UCI Oceania Tour teams
References
2008 in road cycling
2008 |
In Celtic mythology, the Otherworld is the realm of the deities and possibly also the dead. In Gaelic and Brittonic myth it is usually a supernatural realm of everlasting youth, beauty, health, abundance and joy. It is described either as a parallel world that exists alongside our own, or as a heavenly land beyond the sea or under the earth. The Otherworld is usually elusive, but various mythical heroes visit it either through chance or after being invited by one of its residents. They often reach it by entering ancient burial mounds or caves, or by going under water or across the western sea. Sometimes, they suddenly find themselves in the Otherworld with the appearance of a magic mist, supernatural beings or unusual animals. An otherworldly woman may invite the hero into the Otherworld by offering an apple or a silver apple branch, or a ball of thread to follow as it unwinds.
The Otherworld is usually called Annwn in Welsh mythology and Avalon in Arthurian legend. In Irish mythology it has several names, including Tír na nÓg, Mag Mell (or Magh Meall = Plain of Honey) and Emain Ablach. Ynis Avalach is the original of Avalon. Emain Ablach is also Inis Abhlach (Place of Apples, Isle of Apples in Old Irish) In Irish myth there is also Tech Duinn, where the souls of the dead gather. Stories also mention the Land under waves (can be sea or grass) and the Land of the Big Women.
Irish mythology
In Irish mythology, the Otherworld has various names. Names of the Otherworld, or places within it, include Tír nAill ("the other land"), Tír Tairngire ("land of promise/promised land"), Tír na nÓg ("land of the young/land of youth"), Tír fo Thuinn ("land under the wave"), Tír na mBeo ("land of the living"), Mag Mell ("plain of delight"), Mag Findargat ("the white-silver plain"), Mag Argatnél ("the silver-cloud plain"), Mag Ildathach ("the multicoloured plain"), Mag Cíuin ("the gentle plain"), and Emain Ablach (possibly "isle of apples"). It is described as a supernatural realm where there is everlasting youth, beauty, health, abundance and joy, and where time moves differently. It is the dwelling place of the gods (the Tuatha Dé Danann) as well as certain heroes and ancestors. It was probably similar to the Elysium of Greek mythology and both may have a shared origin in ancient Proto-Indo-European religion. The Otherworld is elusive, but various mythical heroes—such as Cúchulainn, Fionn and Bran—visit it either through chance or after being invited by one of its residents. In Irish myth and later folklore, the festivals of Samhain and Beltane(Bealtaine) are liminal times, when contact with the Otherworld was more likely.
In the tales, the Otherworld is often reached by entering ancient burial mounds, such as those at Brú na Bóinne and Cnoc Meadha. These were known as sídhe ("Otherworld dwellings") and were the dwellings of the gods, later called the aos sí or daoine sí ("Otherworld folk"). Irish mythology says the gods retreated into the sídhe when the Gaels (Milesians) took Ireland from them. In some tales, the Otherworld is reached by going under the waters of pools, lakes, or the sea, or else by crossing the western sea. In Irish Immrama ("voyage") tales, a beautiful young Otherworld woman often approaches the hero and sings to him of this happy land. Sometimes she offers him an apple, or the promise of her love in exchange for his help in battle. He follows her, and they journey over the sea together and are seen no more. Their journey may be in a boat of glass, in a chariot, or on horseback (usually on a white horse, as in the case of the goddess Niamh of the Golden Hair). Sometimes the hero returns after what he believes is a short time, only to find that all his companions are dead and he has actually been away for hundreds of years. Sometimes the hero sets out on a quest, and a magic mist descends upon him. He may find himself before an unusual palace and enter to find a warrior or a beautiful woman who makes him welcome. The woman may be the goddess Fand, the warrior may be Manannán mac Lir or Lugh, and after strange adventures the hero may return successfully. However, even when the mortal manages to return to his own time and place, he is forever changed by his contact with the Otherworld.
The Otherworld was also seen as a source of authority. In the tale Baile in Scáil ("the phantom's ecstatic vision"), Conn of the Hundred Battles visits an Otherworld hall, where the god Lugh legitimizes his kingship and that of his successors.
In Irish myth there is another otherworldly realm called Tech Duinn ("House of Donn" or "House of the Dark One"). It was believed that the souls of the dead travelled to Tech Duinn; perhaps to remain there forever, or perhaps before reaching their final destination in the Otherworld, or before being reincarnated. Donn is portrayed as a god of the dead and ancestor of the Gaels. Tech Duinn is commonly identified with Bull Rock, an islet off the west coast of Ireland which resembles a portal tomb. In Ireland there was a belief that the souls of the dead departed westwards over the sea with the setting sun, westward also being the direction in which the phantom island anglicised as Hy-Brasil was purported to be found.
Welsh mythology
In Welsh mythology, the Otherworld is usually called Annwn or Annwfn. The Welsh tale of Branwen, daughter of Llyr ends with the survivors of the great battle feasting in the Otherworld, in the presence of the severed head of Bran the Blessed, having forgotten all their suffering and sorrow, and having become unaware of the passage of time. Annwn is ruled by the Otherworld kings Arawn and Gwyn ap Nudd.
In the First Branch of the Welsh tales known as the Mabinogi, entitled Pwyll, Prince of Dyfed, the eponymous prince offends Arawn, ruler of Annwn, by baiting his hunting hounds on a stag that Arawn's dogs had brought down. In recompense, Pwyll swaps places with Arawn for a year and defeats Arawn's enemy Hafgan. Meanwhile, Arawn rules Dyfed. During this year, Pwyll does not sleep with Arawn's wife, earning himself gratitude from Arawn. On his return, Pwyll becomes known by the title Pen Annwn, "Head (or Ruler) of Annwn".
Continental Celtic mythology
The Gauls divided the universe into three parts: Albios ("heaven, white-world, upper-world"), Bitu ("world of the living beings"), and Dubnos ("hell, lower-world, black-world").;; According to Lucan, the Gaulish druids believed that the soul went to an Otherworld, which he calls by the Latin name Orbis alius, before being reincarnated.
Greco-Roman geographers tell us about Celtic belief in islands consecrated to gods and heroes. Among them were Anglesey (Môn), off the north coast of Wales, which was the sacred isle of the druids of Britain; the Scilly isles, where archaeological remains of proto-historical temples have been found; and some of the Hebrides, which were, in the Gaelic tradition, home to ghosts and demons: on one of them, Skye, the Irish hero Cúchulainn was taught by the warrior woman Scathach.
Byzantine scholar Procopius of Caesarea described the Otherworld of the ancient Gauls. He said it was thought that the land of the dead lay west of Great Britain. The Continental Celtic myths told that once the souls of the dead had left their bodies, they traveled to the northwest coast of Gaul and took a boat toward Britain. When they crossed the Channel, the souls went to the homes of the fishermen, and knocked desperately at their doors. The fishermen then went out of their houses and led the souls to their destination in ghostly ships.
There are still remains of those beliefs in the folklore of Brittany, where the name Bag an Noz is used to denote those ships who carry the dead to their goal: Anatole Le Braz describes in his book La légende de la mort chez les Bretons armoricains the existence of souls' processions which make their way toward coastal places like Laoual, to start their last travel from there.
In Asturian mythology, there are many stories which describe human encounters with xanas, fairies which are dancing around a chief fairy, the Xana Mega, or the "Queen of Fairies", known as in Galicia. The castro of Altamira is said to hide an enormous underground realm which is ruled by a royal couple, and whose entrance is found some place on the hill.
See also
Caer Sidi
Celtic animism
Celtic polytheism
References
Further reading
GEDŽIŪTĖ, AUDRONĖ. "Perceptions of Human Nature in Celtic Tradition: Significance of the Figure of the Bird". In: Folklore Studies / Tautosakos Darbai. 2019, Vol. 58. pp. 189-206.
Simón Francisco, Marco (2018). "Los Caminos De La Muerte En La Hispania Romano-Céltica: Densidad Semántica Y Comunicación Religiosa". In: Palaeohispanica. Revista Sobre Lenguas Y Culturas De La Hispania Antigua, n.º 17 (junio). pp. 329-48. https://ifc.dpz.es/ojs/index.php/palaeohispanica/article/view/147.
External links
http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/ffcc/ffcc260.htm
Conceptions of heaven
Locations in Celtic mythology
Otherworlds |
James "Jim" Paul Keener is an American mathematician, currently Distinguished Professor at University of Utah. He is recognized as a pioneer in the field of mathematical physiology and cardiology.
Biography
Jim Keener received his PhD from the California Institute of Technology in 1972. Initially intending to work on bifurcation theory, he came across a paper by Otto Rossler that implied that heartbeat can be modeled using chaos theory. Looking to investigate this claim, he picked up the Textbook of Medical Physiology by Arthur Guyton to build some foundational knowledge in cardiology and discovered examples of dynamical systems that had previously been untouched by the applied mathematics community. He was invited to join the faculty at the University of Utah in 1978 by Frank Hoppensteadt to start a new group in mathematical biology. He served as editor-in-chief of the SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics and was named a SIAM Fellow in 2012.
Publications
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Utah faculty
American mathematicians
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Theoretical biologists
Applied mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians |
Valentina-Neli Ardean-Elisei (born 5 June 1982) is a Romanian handballer for Gloria Bistrița. Since 26 September 2019, she is retired from the Romanian national team.
She received a silver medal in the 2005 World Championship and was named left wing of the All-Star Team. She was again given this award in the 2008 European Championship and in the 2015 World Championship.
She was given the award of Cetățean de onoare ("Honorary Citizen") of the city of Craiova in 2018.
International honours
EHF Champions League:
Silver Medalist: 2010
Bronze Medalist: 2009, 2012
EHF Champions Trophy:
Winner: 2007
EHF Cup Winners' Cup:
Winner: 2007
EHF Cup:
Winner: 2018
EHF Challenge Cup:
Winner: 2002
World Championship:
Silver Medalist: 2005
Bronze Medalist: 2015
Junior European Championship:
Winner: 2000
Individual awards
All-Star Left Wing of the World Championship: 2005
All-Star Left Wing of the European Championship: 2008
All-Star Left Wing of the World Championship: 2015
EHF Cup Winners' Cup Top Scorer: 2007
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Focșani
Romanian female handball players
Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic handball players for Romania
Expatriate handball players
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Serbia
SCM Râmnicu Vâlcea (handball) players
CS Minaur Baia Mare (women's handball) players |
Intel Rapid Storage Technology (RST) is a driver SATA AHCI and a firmware-based RAID solution built into a wide range of Intel chipsets.
Currently also is installed as a driver for Intel Optane temporary storage units.
It contains two operation modes that follow two Intel specific modes rather than the SATA standard.
The name modes and the application that contains them have been renamed since the first version.
Until 2010 it contains AHCI and Matrix RAID modes. The first mode is the Intel driver SATA normal and the latter mode is a fake RAID.
Up to version 4 it is included on Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition, between versions 5 and 8.9 it is included on Intel Matrix Storage Manager (IMSM), since version 9 it is included on Intel Rapid Storage Technology (IRST) preferring the driver modes to be named RST AHCI and RST AHCI RAID instead of Matrix RAID. The latter is also known as RST RAID mode, since it is the mode that Intel recommends to use, even if you are not working with a RAID configuration.
The purpose of the program, after installing the drivers, is to configure the operation in this mode.
Both modes work with SATA drives. The boot mode choice, with one mode or the other, is chosen in modern BIOS/UEFI after driver installation. Once one or the other driver is installed, it is not possible for the Windows operating system to boot again with the BIOS/UEFI set to RAID/IDE, producing BSOD in case of trying.
As of 2020, it includes a RAID system capable of RAID levels 0, 1, 5, and 10, a block level SSD caching accelerator ("Smart Response Technology") with support for write-back and write-through modes for speed or data protection of any disk or RAID array, and support for intelligent caching, speedy recovery from certain issues, and for PCI Express based drives. Intel RST came in two variants, RST for desktops, and RSTe for enterprise scenarios, although for many chipsets, the user could choose as both variants will operate correctly. VROC was a part of Intel RSTe. The SATA RAID portion of the product family was called Intel RSTe and the NVMe* RAID portion was called Intel VROC. However, starting in Q1 2019, with the launch of Intel VROC 6.0, the Intel RSTe name was removed, and all RAID solutions in this product family were branded as Intel VROC. The SATA functionality remains, but is now branded as Intel VROC (SATA RAID). Intel RSTe is no longer a referenced product by Intel. The name may still appear in some legacy products, but all new references will solely use the Intel VROC nomenclature.).
Intel RST is provided by a combination of firmware, chipset and CPU capabilities, and software. As such, the chipset, the firmware included in the BIOS, and the software installed by the user, must be compatible versions. Online forums and communities exist which compare the benefits of different versions of these, advise as to best compatibility for specified hardware, and modify existing firmware and software to allow optimal combinations or updates beyond those provided by the hardware manufacturers.
Like all RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), Intel RST RAID employs two or more physical hard disks which the operating system will treat as a single disk, in order to increase redundancy which avoids data loss (except RAID 0), and/or to increase the speed at which data is written to and/or read from a disk. Intel RST RAID does not provide new RAID levels. It allows different areas (e.g. partitions or logical volumes) on the same disk to be assigned to different RAID devices, unlike some other RAID controllers. Intel recommends to put any critical applications and data on a RAID 1, 5, or 10 volume, with redundancy to protect against data loss. The RAID 0 volume in Matrix RAID provides fast access to large files where data loss is not a critical issue but speed is; examples include video editing, swap files, and files that are backed up. Intel Matrix RAID, Intel Rapid RAID, and Intel Smart Response Technology are together described as Intel Rapid Storage Technology.
Operating system support
"Rapid Storage Technology" (RST), including creation of RAID volumes, works under Windows 7 and newer versions of Microsoft Windows. The older "Intel Matrix RAID" is supported under Microsoft Windows XP.
Linux supports Matrix RAID and Rapid Storage Technology (RST) through device mapper, with tool, for RAID 0, 1 and 10. And Linux MD RAID, with tool, for RAID 0, 1, 10, and 5. Set up of the RAID volumes must be done by using the ROM option in the Matrix Storage Manager, then further configuration can be done in DM-RAID or MD-RAID.
FreeBSD and MidnightBSD support Intel Matrix RAID using the "ataraid" driver, managed through the atacontrol command. However, with older versions of FreeBSD there were critical reliability issues which include array device renaming when a disk in an array is replaced, an array being considered healthy if the machine reboot/crashes during an array rebuild, and kernel panics when a disk is lost or is removed from the bus. Some of these problems, when experienced in combination, could result in the loss of an entire array (even in the case of RAID 1).
VMware ESXi 4 does not support any RAID function nor Intel Matrix RAID based on Intel ICHxR controllers.
PGPDisk does not support Intel Matrix RAID based on Intel ICHxR, and does not support standalone drives if the "RAID" mode is enabled on the motherboard.
Matrix Storage Manager option ROM
The Intel Matrix Storage Manager (IMSM) option ROM is a part of Matrix RAID that has to be used in the BIOS to create new RAID arrays.
Intel uses "Rapid Storage Technology" -"Option Rom"- on its new chipsets, dropping the "Matrix" name.
An Intel document notes that Intel Matrix Storage Manager storage changed to Intel Rapid Storage Technology beginning with version 9.5.
There have been several driver versions:
Since release 11.2.0.0000, TRIM commands can be read by Windows RAID drivers made for 7 series chipsets. There is no RAID mode TRIM support on drivers for older chipsets.
Intel states that RST support was added for the X79 chipset in RST version 11.6.0.0000 and after.
On some 6 series chipsets there is a modification for the ROM in the BIOS, which will allow TRIM support on the 6 series chipset.
For the X79 chipset, certain motherboard manufacturers have added both RAID ROMs in the BIOS, the RST and RST-E ROM. X79 is the Enterprise version, called RST-E. With the RST ROM added to the BIOS, this allows TRIM function to pass through the controller and TRIM SSD drives when RAID is enabled. This workaround was needed before RST-E driver version 3.8 was shipped which passed through TRIM commands to a RAID array without modifications to the RST-E ROM. There is no support for TRIM in the RST-E version of the ROM when RAID is enabled and the RST-E driver version is less than 3.8. It is possible to add an RST ROM to the BIOS to enable TRIM passthrough in RAID mode by using the RST ROM and driver.
The newest Option ROM version is a 13 series ROM, this ROM will not be used by motherboard manufacturers for the X79 chipset BIOS, and it can be injected into a BIOS to use on the X79 with modded code, for those MFG's who have added a ROM switch, this is where the MFG has added both RST and RSTe to the RAID option of a BIOS, but there needs to be a code added for TRIM commands to be sent, when you inject the RST and replace the RSTe with RST option ROM in X79 boards that do not contain the ROM switch, TRIM can be dysfunctional.
There are modded RST 13 series Option ROMs (legacy) available at certain BIOS modding sites that have been made functional for use in the X79 chipsets.
When booting in a BIOS environment (legacy) and some EFI, the RST option ROM is used. When booting in a true UEFI environment the Option ROM is not used as a SataDriver with the RST version takes over. In BIOS mode the legacy/BIOS booting is under CSMCORE. In true UEFI mode the RST is controlled under SataDriver / RstVmdDriver in BIOS.
The Intel RAID ROM is the firmware in the motherboard BIOS that is used to create the RAID array.
Note: The RST drivers can be used for RAID and also on a single drive as it contains an AHCI driver. There is a bug in the version 12.5.0.1066 RST driver, which cause TRIM commands not to pass through the RAID driver to the drives. TRIM is disabled using this driver.
Rapid Storage Technology enterprise (Intel RSTe)
Intel Rapid Storage Technology enterprise (Intel RSTe) provides performance and reliability for supported systems equipped with Serial ATA (SATA) devices, Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) devices, and/or solid state drives (SSDs) to enable an optimal enterprise storage solution.
The main difference between RST and RSTe is that the RST is used for desktop systems and the RSTe is mostly used for server systems.
RST supports regular SATA controllers from desktop systems.
If the BIOS of the motherboard has RSTe feature then the user cannot install Intel Rapid Storage Technology software (error message: This platform is not supported). The user has to install RSTe software.
There have been several Option ROM versions:
In 2019, Intel announced that the RTSe branding would be replaced, with RSTe consolidated into Intel's VROC (Virtual RAID on CPU) product line.
Intel VROC (Virtual RAID on CPU)
Intel VROC is a part of Intel RSTe. This was mostly designed with NVMe SSD's in mind and it is directly attached to the Intel Xeon Scalable processors. For the full functionality it uses a newer Intel technology called Intel VMD (Intel Volume Management Device).
Intel VROC is a technology from the Intel Xeon Scalable processors series and is used to provide hot-plug, surprise-removal, and LED management of NVMe SSD's for server usage. For client PC's Intel RST is still the advised software package to use.
Intel VMD is targeted for Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems.
Criticism on Intel RST technology
The software created by Intel to manage the RAID configuration is under par.
E.g. when using a RAID 1 configuration, Windows shall show a temporary message when one of the disk are down, however if this is not noticed (because the user is not at the computer), the user might not notice the disk failure in time.
Furthermore the Intel RST software does not consistently log status changes (repair/rebuilds) in the Windows Eventlog, making it difficult for 3rd party monitoring software to warn users when the RAID status changes and the data might be in jeopardy.
Other strange decision Intel has made, is to remove the e-mail warning from the latest version (v19.x) of the software. On earlier versions (18.x) the e-mail warning can be configured, but lacks the modern fields like password and SSL/TLS authentication to be used with modern e-mail providers like Gmail, Microsoft's Outlook and e-mail accounts from other providers.
Also when field tested (with an older mail server *without authentication*), no warnings were e-mailed. This e-mail service was also inconsistent because the disk degradation was not e-mailed, but consequently the finished rebuild of the RAID was e-mailed, without the user ever being warned the computer was rebuilding the RAID drive.
Intel also used to have a command line software (CLI) for their RST RAID, which one could use to request the status of the RAID drives, however this software was deprecated.
See also
Non-standard RAID levels
mdadm
References
External links
https://win-raid.com - forum specializing in Intel RST and similar soft raid, choice of driver/rom/orom, and modification of roms.
RAID
AT Attachment
Matrix RAID
Matrix RAID |
George Ormsby (19 February 1913 – 1 September 1965) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His championship career at senior level with the Mayo county team lasted ten seasons from 1932 until 1941.
Ormsby made his senior debut for Mayo during the 1932 championship and quickly became a regular member of the starting fifteen. Over the course of the following decade he enjoyed much success, the highlight being in 1936 when he won an All-Ireland medal. Ormsby also won five Connacht medals and seven National Football League medals.
Honours
Mayo
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (1): 1936
Connacht Senior Football Championship (5): 1932, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939
National Football League (7): 1933-34, 1934-35, 1935-36, 1936-37, 1937-38, 1938-39, 1940-41
Connacht
Railway Cup (2): 1934, 1936
References
1913 births
1965 deaths
Ballina Stephenites Gaelic footballers
Connacht inter-provincial Gaelic footballers
Gaelic football backs
Garda Síochána officers
Mayo inter-county Gaelic footballers
Sportspeople from Ballina, County Mayo
Police officers from County Mayo |
William Brooks, 2nd Baron Crawshaw DL (16 October 1853 – 19 January 1929) was a British peer. He was the eldest son of Thomas Brooks, 1st Baron Crawshaw and married Mary Ethel Hicks-Beach (1853 -1 October 1914) on 12 October 1882 daughter of Sir Michael Hicks Hicks Beach, 8th Baronet (1809–1854).
Coat of arms
Notes
Deputy Lieutenants of Lancashire
1853 births
1929 deaths
British people of English descent
20th-century British landowners
People from Long Whatton
William Brooks, 2nd Baron Crawshaw |
Local 58 is a horror web series created by cartoonist Kris Straub. The series is a spin-off of Straub's Candle Cove creepypasta. Currently hosted on the YouTube channel LOCAL58TV, each video in the series is presented as footage of a fictional public access television channel located in Mason County, West Virginia named Local 58, with the call sign WCLV-TV, created in the late 1930s, which is continuously hijacked over a period of decades with a series of ominous and surreal broadcasts.
The series makes use of video and audio degradation to add to the realism and unsettling nature of each video. The series describes itself as "analog horror", a term that has since been used as a name for a niche subgenre of similar VHS-themed found footage web series that were either inspired by Local 58 or use a similar style and techniques to the series. The series has since gained a cult following.
A website called local58.tv was created in September 2021 as an extension of the main storyline. The website features a "LookBack Web Archive" similar to the web archive service Wayback Machine, and features numerous Easter eggs and plot points for an associated alternate reality game that offers further detail on Local 58s continuity.
Episodes
Local 58 consists of eleven episodes. The first ten range from less than 1 minute to 5 minutes in run time, while the eleventh is nearly 30 minutes long. The episodes were originally uploaded to a separate website, however, as of late 2018, all episodes are now uploaded to YouTube.
Development and themes
Straub released Local 58's first episode, Weather Service, in 2015 as an experimental standalone piece for his co-owned YouTube channel Chainsawsuit Original. The piece received positive feedback, leading Straub to do two more on the same channel: Contingency and You Are On the Fastest Route. The series was also hosted on the now-defunct web domain local58.info in 2015 and was later uploaded onto its own YouTube channel in 2017.
Straub used iMovie to create the first two episodes of Local 58 and Final Cut Pro X for the other episodes. All of the assets used in the series either come from public domain stock media (for example, the "2000's" Local 58 music, a stock track called "Entering Graciously") or created by Straub himself using Clip Studio, Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Flash.
Straub has confirmed on Reddit that Local 58 is the same "Channel 58" referenced in his creepypasta Candle Cove, which took the form of an Internet forum thread about a bizarre children's program of the same name airing on the network. The call sign WCLV is a reference to Candle Cove ("CLV = CandLe coVe"). Themes from other pieces of Straub's work appear in Local 58, such as the animated skeleton Cadavre, who appeared initially in Straub's webcomic Broodhollow and then in the Local 58 episode "Show for Children."
While the series does not appear to have a continuous plot, nearly every episode seems to include cryptic references related to looking at the Moon or at the night sky, as well as references to the in-universe organization known as the Thought Research Initiative (TRI). Straub has identified themes of the series as "stillness, distrust of safety warnings, misuse of mass perception, parallel science that arises from unexamined bad intent, dogmatic thought."
Reception
Since its initial debut, Local 58 has inspired the creation of other series with similar themes, including Channel 7, Analog Archives, Eventide Media Center, and Gemini Home Entertainment. There is some difference of opinion about whether it was truly the first within its genre or an early example of a style that was already developing. However, critics agree the series categorically defined the conventions of the genre that would carry forward. Some also speculate it has indirectly influenced feature-length films such as Skinamarink (2022) which rely heavily on analog aesthetics.
As of December 2022, the Local 58 YouTube channel has over 558,000 subscribers and over 20 million views.
A subreddit dedicated to the series was created on August 8, 2016, which as of December 2022 has 25,400 followers. Straub himself has answered some questions about the series on the subreddit.
The emergency alert shown in Contingency has been compared to the 2018 Hawaii false missile alert.
Controversy
On July 4, 2022, YouTube marked one Local 58 episode, "Show for Children," as "for kids", which disables user comments to comply with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act. After Straub appealed YouTube's decision via in-site and other social media support avenues, it was reverted to its original settings on July 6. This has sparked renewed discussions about Elsagate and concerns regarding YouTube's moderation algorithms.
See also
Analog horror
Broadcast signal intrusion
Found footage (film technique)
Alternate reality game
The Blair Witch Project
Marble Hornets
The Mandela Catalogue
List of creepypastas
References
External links
Official Local 58 YouTube channel
Entering Graciously, the song that is used in most of the Local 58 videos
local58.tv
2015 web series debuts
2010s YouTube series
American web series
Fictional television stations
Horror fiction web series
Works by Kris Straub
Analog horror |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="path_to_url">
<!--<gradient android:angle="270" android:endColor="#A8C3B0"
android:startColor="#C6CFCE"/>-->
<!--<size android:height="60dp" android:width="320dp" />-->
<solid android:color="@color/green_xiaomi" />
<corners android:radius="8dp" />
<!-- <stroke android:width="1dp" android:color="#000000" />-->
</shape>
``` |
Veliswa Mvenya (born 8 March 1969) is a South African politician who is the founding leader of the Batho Pele Movement, a party she founded in June 2021 after leaving the African Transformation Movement.
A former mathematics teacher, Mvenya had joined the Democratic Alliance in 2000 and served as a DA councillor in the Amathole District Municipality until 2004 when she was elected to the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature as a DA representative. She was re-elected in 2009 and 2014. In 2014, she was elected as the provincial chairwoman of the DA in the Eastern Cape. Mvenya held the position until her 'shock' resignation in May 2016. She resigned from the DA in May 2018 and joined the ATM in September 2018. Mvenya was the party's premier candidate for the May 2019 election. At the election, she was elected as the ATM's sole representative in the legislature. In June 2021, she resigned from the ATM and established the Batho Pele Movement.
Early life and education
Mvenya was born on 8 March 1969. She is one of three children born to a single mother. She attended Ntseshe Primary School and later Colosha Senior Secondary School where she matriculated. Mvenya obtained a teacher's diploma as well as a diploma in public administration.
Teaching career
Mvenya started her teaching career in 1991. She taught mathematics at Ntlahlane Junior Secondary School until 1993. From 1993 to 2004, she was a teacher at Mavata Junior Secondary School.
Political career
Mvenya joined the Democratic Party in 2000, the same year the DP merged with the New National Party and Federal Alliance to form the Democratic Alliance. In December of the same year, she was elected as a councillor of the Amathole District Municipality. She served on the council until her election to the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature in 2004. She was re-elected as an MPL in 2009.
In 2012, Mvenya was elected deputy provincial leader of the DA. She was previously the provincial and national chairwoman of the party's Women's Network. After the provincial election in May 2014, she returned to the legislature for another term as a DA MPL. She was elected provincial chairperson of the DA in November of that same year. She held the position until her 'shock' resignation in May 2016 due to infighting within the party in the Eastern Cape and bad relations with provincial leader Athol Trollip.
In May 2017, Mvenya ran for provincial leader of the party but lost to Nqaba Bhanga. Andrew Whitfield succeeded her as provincial chair. In May 2018, she resigned from the DA and automatically ceased to be a member of the provincial legislature. She then joined the newly established African Transformation Movement in September. Following the provincial election in May 2019, Mvenya returned to the legislature as the party's sole representative.
In June 2021, she resigned from the ATM and formed the Batho Pele Movement, a 'non-hierarchical party' that focuses on service delivery. The party will contest the 2021 municipal elections.
Personal life
Mvenya is unmarried. She has two children.
References
External links
Living people
1969 births
Politicians from the Eastern Cape
Xhosa people
Members of the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature
Democratic Alliance (South Africa) politicians
21st-century South African politicians
21st-century South African women politicians
African Transformation Movement politicians |
```swift
/*
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
/* This is a simple Swift demo app that shows an example of how to use
* PJSUA API to make one audio+video call to another user.
*/
import SwiftUI
class PjsipVars: ObservableObject {
@Published var calling = false
var dest: String = "sip:test@sip.pjsip.org"
var call_id: pjsua_call_id = PJSUA_INVALID_ID.rawValue
/* Video window */
@Published var vid_win:UIView? = nil
}
class AppDelegate: NSObject, UIApplicationDelegate {
static let Shared = AppDelegate()
var pjsip_vars = PjsipVars()
}
@main
struct ipjsua_swiftApp: App {
init() {
/* Create pjsua */
var status: pj_status_t;
status = pjsua_create();
if (status != PJ_SUCCESS.rawValue) {
NSLog("Failed creating pjsua");
}
/* Init configs */
var cfg = pjsua_config();
var log_cfg = pjsua_logging_config();
var media_cfg = pjsua_media_config();
pjsua_config_default(&cfg);
pjsua_logging_config_default(&log_cfg);
pjsua_media_config_default(&media_cfg);
/* Initialize application callbacks */
cfg.cb.on_incoming_call = on_incoming_call;
cfg.cb.on_call_state = on_call_state;
cfg.cb.on_call_media_state = on_call_media_state;
/* Init pjsua */
status = pjsua_init(&cfg, &log_cfg, &media_cfg);
/* Create transport */
var transport_id = pjsua_transport_id();
var tcp_cfg = pjsua_transport_config();
pjsua_transport_config_default(&tcp_cfg);
tcp_cfg.port = 5080;
status = pjsua_transport_create(PJSIP_TRANSPORT_TCP,
&tcp_cfg, &transport_id);
/* Add local account */
var aid = pjsua_acc_id();
status = pjsua_acc_add_local(transport_id, pj_bool_t(PJ_TRUE.rawValue), &aid);
/* Use colorbar for local account and enable incoming video */
var acc_cfg = pjsua_acc_config();
var tmp_pool:UnsafeMutablePointer<pj_pool_t>? = nil;
var info : [pjmedia_vid_dev_info] =
Array(repeating: pjmedia_vid_dev_info(), count: 16);
var count:UInt32 = UInt32(info.capacity);
tmp_pool = pjsua_pool_create("tmp-ipjsua", 1000, 1000);
pjsua_acc_get_config(aid, tmp_pool, &acc_cfg);
acc_cfg.vid_in_auto_show = pj_bool_t(PJ_TRUE.rawValue);
pjsua_vid_enum_devs(&info, &count);
for i in 0..<count {
let name: [CChar] = tupleToArray(tuple: info[Int(i)].name);
if let dev_name = String(validatingUTF8: name) {
if (dev_name == "Colorbar generator") {
acc_cfg.vid_cap_dev = pjmedia_vid_dev_index(i);
break;
}
}
}
pjsua_acc_modify(aid, &acc_cfg);
/* Init account config */
let id = strdup("Test<sip:test@sip.pjsip.org>");
let username = strdup("test");
let passwd = strdup("pwd");
let realm = strdup("*");
let registrar = strdup("sip:sip.pjsip.org");
let proxy = strdup("sip:sip.pjsip.org;transport=tcp");
pjsua_acc_config_default(&acc_cfg);
acc_cfg.id = pj_str(id);
acc_cfg.cred_count = 1;
acc_cfg.cred_info.0.username = pj_str(username);
acc_cfg.cred_info.0.realm = pj_str(realm);
acc_cfg.cred_info.0.data = pj_str(passwd);
acc_cfg.reg_uri = pj_str(registrar);
acc_cfg.proxy_cnt = 1;
acc_cfg.proxy.0 = pj_str(proxy);
acc_cfg.vid_out_auto_transmit = pj_bool_t(PJ_TRUE.rawValue);
acc_cfg.vid_in_auto_show = pj_bool_t(PJ_TRUE.rawValue);
/* Add account */
pjsua_acc_add(&acc_cfg, pj_bool_t(PJ_TRUE.rawValue), nil);
/* Free strings */
free(id); free(username); free(passwd); free(realm);
free(registrar); free(proxy);
pj_pool_release(tmp_pool);
/* Start pjsua */
status = pjsua_start();
}
var body: some Scene {
WindowGroup {
ContentView()
.environmentObject(AppDelegate.Shared.pjsip_vars)
.preferredColorScheme(.light)
}
}
}
private func on_incoming_call(acc_id: pjsua_acc_id, call_id: pjsua_call_id,
rdata: UnsafeMutablePointer<pjsip_rx_data>?)
{
var opt = pjsua_call_setting();
pjsua_call_setting_default(&opt);
opt.aud_cnt = 1;
opt.vid_cnt = 1;
/* Automatically answer call with 200 */
pjsua_call_answer2(call_id, &opt, 200, nil, nil);
}
private func on_call_state(call_id: pjsua_call_id,
e: UnsafeMutablePointer<pjsip_event>?)
{
var ci = pjsua_call_info();
pjsua_call_get_info(call_id, &ci);
if (ci.state == PJSIP_INV_STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
/* UIView update must be done in the main thread */
DispatchQueue.main.sync {
AppDelegate.Shared.pjsip_vars.vid_win = nil;
AppDelegate.Shared.pjsip_vars.calling = false;
}
}
}
private func tupleToArray<Tuple, Value>(tuple: Tuple) -> [Value] {
let tupleMirror = Mirror(reflecting: tuple)
return tupleMirror.children.compactMap { (child: Mirror.Child) -> Value? in
return child.value as? Value
}
}
private func on_call_media_state(call_id: pjsua_call_id)
{
var ci = pjsua_call_info();
pjsua_call_get_info(call_id, &ci);
let media: [pjsua_call_media_info] = tupleToArray(tuple: ci.media);
for mi in 0...ci.media_cnt {
if (media[Int(mi)].status == PJSUA_CALL_MEDIA_ACTIVE ||
media[Int(mi)].status == PJSUA_CALL_MEDIA_REMOTE_HOLD)
{
switch (media[Int(mi)].type) {
case PJMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
var call_conf_slot: pjsua_conf_port_id;
call_conf_slot = media[Int(mi)].stream.aud.conf_slot;
pjsua_conf_connect(call_conf_slot, 0);
pjsua_conf_connect(0, call_conf_slot);
break;
case PJMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
let wid = media[Int(mi)].stream.vid.win_in;
var wi = pjsua_vid_win_info();
if (pjsua_vid_win_get_info(wid, &wi) == PJ_SUCCESS.rawValue) {
let vid_win:UIView =
Unmanaged<UIView>.fromOpaque(wi.hwnd.info.ios.window).takeUnretainedValue();
/* For local loopback test, one acts as a transmitter,
the other as a receiver.
*/
if (AppDelegate.Shared.pjsip_vars.vid_win == nil) {
/* UIView update must be done in the main thread */
DispatchQueue.main.sync {
AppDelegate.Shared.pjsip_vars.vid_win = vid_win;
}
} else {
if (AppDelegate.Shared.pjsip_vars.vid_win != vid_win) {
/* Transmitter */
var param = pjsua_call_vid_strm_op_param ();
pjsua_call_vid_strm_op_param_default(¶m);
param.med_idx = 1;
pjsua_call_set_vid_strm(call_id,
PJSUA_CALL_VID_STRM_START_TRANSMIT,
¶m);
}
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
``` |
Majówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pabianice, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Pabianice and south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
References
Villages in Pabianice County |
Estehkam (, also Romanized as Esteḩkām; also known as Esteḩkām-e Jonūbī, Estekān, and Estīkān) is a village in Takab Rural District, Shahdad District, Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 338, in 79 families.
References
Populated places in Kerman County |
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