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Sunset Strippers were an electronic music group from the UK. They are best-known for their 2005 song "Falling Stars", which samples the 1988 hit song "Waiting for a Star to Fall" by Boy Meets Girl and was involved in a sampling battle with Cabin Crew. "Falling Stars" reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart in March 2005.
History
Members Sergei Forster-Hall and Kieron McTernan met in Northbrook College.
In 2004, Sunset Strippers remixed the top 25 hit "Cry Little Sister", originally written by Gerard McMahon (under the pseudonym "Gerard McMann") as the theme tune for the film The Lost Boys. In 2005, they remixed Planet Funk's song "The Switch", which featured in Mitsubishi television advertisements, and in 2007 they remixed Irish pop band Westlife's "Total Eclipse of the Heart" for The Love Album. The group's last release under the Sunset Strippers name was "Step Right Up" in 2008, which appears on the downloadable version of Clubbers Guide '08 by Ministry of Sound.
Forster-Hall and McTernan began releasing remixes under the name My Digital Enemy in 2006, which continued until they renamed themselves MDE in 2017. They release mostly tech house and deep house music.
"Falling Stars" music video
The music video for "Falling Stars" features choreographer Benji Weeratunge listening to the song in his headphones whilst washing his clothes in a launderette. Three attractive young women enter the launderette and begin to dance all at once whilst washing their clothes as well. As they wait for their clothes, the women strike poses that they coordinate with the music while Harry tries to attract their attention. The women also dance around the launderette, until they are seen wearing white shirts and red shorts. They begin dancing with Benji while he sings into a microphone. An old woman and her dog arriving at the launderette see Benji singing (in lip-sync form) inside with a mop as a microphone. It turns out that the women are only a vision from his imagination. Unimpressed, the old woman and the dog leave the launderette. Benji still continues to sing the song (in lip-sync form), even though he pretends nothing has happened.
References
External links
English electronic music groups
English house music groups
Musical groups from Brighton and Hove
English musical trios |
```objective-c
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <WeexSDK/WXModuleProtocol.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface WXDebugTool : NSObject<WXModuleProtocol>
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance;
//+ (void)showFPS;
+ (void)setDebug:(BOOL)isDebug;
+ (BOOL)isDebug;
+ (void)setDevToolDebug:(BOOL)isDevToolDebug;
+ (BOOL)isDevToolDebug;
+ (void)setReplacedBundleJS:(NSURL*)url;
+ (NSString*)getReplacedBundleJS;
+ (void)setReplacedJSFramework:(NSURL*)url;
+ (NSString*)getReplacedJSFramework;
+ (BOOL) cacheJsService: (NSString *)name withScript: (NSString *)script withOptions: (NSDictionary * _Nullable) options;
+ (BOOL) removeCacheJsService: (NSString *)name;
+ (NSDictionary *) jsServiceCache;
+ (BOOL)isRemoteTracing;
+ (void)setRemoteTracing:(BOOL)isRemoteTracing;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
``` |
A preliminary examination by the International Criminal Court (ICC) to analyze possible crimes against humanity committed in Venezuela is currently open. A preliminary examination was previously opened in 2006, but closed after concluding that the requirements to start an investigation had not been met. In February 2018, the ICC announced that it would open preliminary probes into alleged crimes against humanity performed by Venezuelan authorities since at least April 2017. In 2020, the Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC stated that it believed there was a "reasonable basis" to believe that "since at least April 2017, civilian authorities, members of the armed forces and pro-government individuals have committed the crimes against humanity", and on 2021 ICC Prosecutor Karim Khan announced the opening of an investigation regarding the situation in the country.
Background
By 2006, the Office of the Prosecutor received twelve communications concerning the situation in Venezuela, most of them related to crimes allegedly committed by the Venezuelan government and associated forces and one to crimes alleged to have been committed by opposition groups, but the examination was closed on 9 February 2006 because it was concluded that the Rome Statute requirements to seek authorization to initiate an investigation in the country had not been satisfied.
Preliminary examination
2018
In February 2018, the International Criminal Court (ICC) announced that it would open preliminary probes into alleged crimes against humanity performed by Venezuelan authorities.
In May 2018, a Panel of Independent International Experts appointed by the Secretary General of the Organization of American States (OAS) concluded that reasonable grounds existed to believe that crimes against humanity had been committed in Venezuela dating back to at least 12 February 2014 and recommended that; the Secretary General of the OAS, Luis Almagro, should submit the report and the evidence collected by the General Secretariat of the OAS to the Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC, that he should invite States Parties to the Rome Statute to refer the situation of Venezuela to the Office of the Prosecutor and to call for the opening of an investigation into the facts set forth in the report, in accordance with Article 14 of the Rome Statute.
On 27 September 2018, six states parties to the Rome Statute: Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru, referred the situation in Venezuela since 12 February 2014 to the ICC, requesting the Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda to initiate an investigation on crimes against humanity allegedly committed in the territory. On 28 September, the Presidency assigned the situation to Pre-Trial Chamber I. This was the first time that member States had sought an investigation of potential crimes that took place entirely on the territory of another country.
2020
Nicolás Maduro's Foreign Minister, Jorge Arreaza, filed a complaint in the ICC against the United States on 13 February 2020, arguing that policy of sanctions has resulted in crimes against humanity. Prosecutor Bensouda stated that she informed the ICC Presidency of the referral pursuant to the regulations of the court to enable the assignment of the situation to a Pre-Trial Chamber, noting that the two referrals "appear to overlap geographically and temporally and may therefore warrant assignment to the same Pre-Trial Chamber", but "that this should not prejudice a later determination on whether the referred scope of the two situations is sufficiently linked to constitute a single situation".
In September 2020, the United Nations Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela published their findings and cited evidence of unlawful executions, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detentions and torture in the country since 2014. The authors called for further action by the International Criminal Court, along with justice and reparations for the victims and their families.
On 2 December 2020, the Organization of American States General Secretariat released a 145-page report expanding on the 2018 report by the Panel of Independent Experts that concluded there was a reasonable basis to believe crimes against humanity were being committed in Venezuela, noting that since 2018 the crimes against humanity in Venezuela had increased in scale, scope, and severity, while criticizing the failure of the Prosecutor of the ICC to conduct her preliminary examination expeditiously and to open an investigation "despite overwhelming evidence of crimes within the Court’s jurisdiction". Two days afterwards, the Office of the Prosecutor responded that it was aware and that it would study the Organisation of American States report and assuring the Office that it sought to "complete preliminary examinations within the shortest time possible", but regretting "the tone and manner of the report" and that Prosecutor and the Office "would not allow external attempts" to interfere with the process. OAS Secretary General Luis Almagro replied shortly after, declaring that the OAS understood due process and that they had "the utmost respect" for the International Criminal Court, but that three years was far too long "not for the OAS", but for the victims in Venezuela.
On 14 December, the Office of the Prosecutor released a report on the office's year activities, stating that it believed there was a "reasonable basis" to believe that "since at least April 2017, civilian authorities, members of the armed forces and pro-government individuals have committed the crimes against humanity." and that it expected to decide in 2021 whether to open an investigation or not.
2021
In May 2021, Maduro's Attorney General, Tarek William Saab, admitted that Fernando Albán, Caracas councilman who died in 2018 while he was detained in the headquarters of the Bolivarian Intelligence Service (SEBIN), did not commit suicide as initially reported by government officials, but killed, and that during the 2017 Venezuelan protests student Juan Pablo Pernalete was killed with a tear gas canister by security forces, something initially denied by senior officials. William Saab would also accuse the ICC "process of lacking transparency". Maduro's vice president, Delcy Rodríguez, described the case against Venezuela in the ICC as a "great farce". The opposition National Assembly headed by Juan Guaidó declared that William Saab sought to prevent the ICC from acting and condemned that command chain was not being investigated.
On July 2, the Pre-Trial Chamber dismissed a request for "judicial control" filed by William Saab, who alleged a lack of complementarity and collaboration of the ICC Office of the Prosecutor with Venezuela. The Chamber dismissed the appeal for its inadmissibility and for being clearly premature.
On 4 November 2021 prosecutor Karim Khan announced the opening of an investigation regarding the situation in Venezuela.
Investigation
2022
On 17 January 2022, the Prosecutor's Office indicated that the administration of Nicolás Maduro had three months to submit its report on investigations into crimes against humanity committed in the country. On 7 April, Tarek William Saab assured that "there is no need" for an investigation by the International Criminal Court.
After failing to provide the requested information, in an attempt to delay the ICC investigation, Venezuela asked Karin Khan on April 15 that his office defer the investigation into possible crimes against humanity, claiming that state institutions were or have investigated such crimes. On April 20, Khan briefed a panel of ICC judges on Venezuela's request, stating that his office would ask the judges to reject the request.
On 1 November, Karin Khan requested the reopening of the Venezuela investigation, just over six months after Venezuela asked the ICC to defer its investigation, stating that "the deferral requested by Venezuela, at this stage, is not justified, and that the resumption of the investigation should be authorized."
In response to the prosecutor's request, the Venezuelan State sent a document on November 10, opposing the direct participation of victims and their representatives and requesting that the investigation be limited to summaries prepared by the ICC's Office of Public Counsel for Victims and only to cases presented by the Office of the Prosecutor. In the document, Venezuela also asks the ICC judges not to allow the participation in the proceedings of Canada, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru, the member states that referred the situation of Venezuela to the Court. The NGO PROVEA warned that the communiqué was part of the Maduro government's dilatory strategy to paralyze the ICC prosecutor's investigation for as long as possible, expressing: "This communication ratifies the Venezuelan authorities' contempt for the victims and their claims for justice, as well as their unwillingness to genuinely comply with the principle of complementarity".
2023
On February 28, the Venezuelan government issued a statement in which it described the accusations against it as "fallacies" and denied that crimes against humanity have occurred in the country, arguing that the investigation has had a "political character". The NGO Control Ciudadano warned that such actions by the Maduro government sought to discredit the ICC Prosecutor's Office and that it was evidence that the international court should exercise its jurisdiction over the cases under its investigation. Prosecutor Karim Khan responded to the allegations on March 1, stating in a statement that the government's claim that no crimes against humanity had been committed was unsubstantiated and without sufficient evidence and that the Venezuelan authorities had not demonstrated that investigations or trials had been conducted at the domestic level that reflected the scope of the Court's ongoing investigation. The Pre-Trial Chamber asked Venezuela to submit a response of no more than ten pages, with a deadline of April 20. On April 3, Maduro's government accused Khan of "instrumentalizing" justice "for political purposes".
On March 13, the International Criminal Court announced that it had received more than 2,000 forms from victims regarding the consultation on whether or not to continue the investigation. In view of the large number of testimonies received, the Court extended the deadline for receiving forms from March 21 to April 20. On April 20, the Court announced that the consultation process was "broadly participatory" and that applications included 8,900 victims, 630 families and two organizations. The Victims Participation and Reparations Section received 1,875 applications with their views and concerns, including 1,746 forms, 5 videos and 124 emails or other written documents. The information shared by the victims was compiled by the Section in a 57-page report and published the following day. The report describes that the victims "overwhelmingly" requested that the Court continue with the investigation, that the Venezuelan justice system was unwilling to genuinely investigate human rights violations, and describes testimonies of arbitrary detentions, torture, rape and persecution. Venezuelan Foreign Minister Yván Gil Pinto asked the Pre-Trial Chamber for time until May 30 to respond to the requests. The Chamber rejected the request on May 8, ruling that it was not the procedural moment to do so and that at the current stage of the investigation no victim had yet been admitted to participate in the case.
On April 24, the head of the pro-government delegation to the negotiations in Mexico, Jorge Rodriguez, called for a halt to the investigation at the International Criminal Court, stating that one of the objectives of the dialogue with the opposition was to request a halt to the judicial proceedings against the country.
On June 8, Karim Khan made a third visit to Venezuela, where he met with Maduro's attorney general, Tarek William Saab. The meeting was held at the headquarters of the Public Prosecutor's Office in Caracas and the local press did not have access to it. Khan also met with Gladys Gutiérrez, president of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela, and privately with Nicolás Maduro at the Miraflores presidential palace. Human rights organizations questioned the opacity surrounding the visit. During the visit, the agreement to open an ICC office in Caracas was also confirmed, although without a specific public date. Ali Daniels, co-director of the NGO Acceso a la Justicia, argued that the installation of the office would not affect the course of the Court's investigation. Non-governmental organizations requested that the facility agreement be made public.
On June 27, the Pre-Trial Chamber authorized Prosecutor Khan to continue investigations into crimes against humanity in Venezuela. The Chamber found that the domestic investigations in Venezuela did not adequately address the magnitude of the case and had unwarranted periods of inactivity. Maduro's government appealed the decision on July 5, an appeal that was rejected by the Court on July 21.
See also
Human rights in Venezuela
International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq
References
International reactions to the crisis in Venezuela
Venezuela |
Nicola "Nico" Zahner (born 2 August 1994) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for TSG Hofherrnweiler.
Career
Zahner made his professional debut for VfR Aalen in the 3. Liga on 21 November 2015, coming on as a substitute in the 81st minute for Alexandros Kartalis in the 0–1 away loss against Mainz 05 II.
References
External links
Profile at DFB.de
Profile at kicker.de
Nico Zahner at FuPa
1994 births
Living people
People from Aalen
Footballers from Stuttgart (region)
German men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
VfR Aalen players
3. Liga players |
The 1892 Illinois gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892.
Incumbent Republican Governor Joseph W. Fifer was defeated by Democratic nominee John Peter Altgeld who won 48.74% of the vote. Altgeld was the first Democratic Governor of Illinois elected since 1852, before the foundation of the Republican Party.
Democratic nomination
Candidates
John Peter Altgeld, former Justice of the Superior Court of Cook County
John C. Black, former United States Commissioner of Pensions
Andrew Jackson Hunter, judge of the Edgar County court
William H. Neece, former U.S. Congressman for Illinois's 11th congressional district
Delos P. Phelps, Democratic nominee for Illinois's 10th congressional district in 1878
Results
The Democratic state convention was held on April 27, 1892, at Springfield.
Republican nomination
Candidates
Joseph W. Fifer, incumbent Governor
Joel Minnick Longenecker, state’s attorney in Chicago, Cook County
Horace S. Clark
George Hunt, incumbent Illinois Attorney General
Benjamin Franklin Marsh, former U.S. Congressman for Illinois's 10th congressional district
Results
The Republican state convention was held on May 4 and 5, 1892 at Springfield.
General election
Candidates
John Peter Altgeld, Democratic
Joseph W. Fifer, Republican
Nathan M. Barnett, People's Party, Union Labor nominee for Illinois State Treasurer in 1888
Robert R. Link, Prohibition, Prohibition nominee for Illinois State Treasurer in 1890
Results
References
Notes
Bibliography
Governor
1892
Illinois
November 1892 events |
An Act to amend the Telecommunications Act (Internet neutrality) (, Bill C-398) was tabled in the Parliament of Canada by the MP for Timmins and James Bay, Charlie Angus, on May 29, 2009, on the second session of the 40th Parliament. Bill C-398 aimed to prohibit various forms of discrimination by telecommunications service providers. "Network management practices that favour, degrade or prioritize any content, application or service transmitted over a broadband network based on its source, ownership, destination or type" are specifically prohibited, subject to certain exceptions. Telecommunications Service providers may use reasonable management practices in order to alleviate extraordinary congestion, may prioritize emergency communications, and assure the security of computers and networks in a reasonable manner. ISPs, according to the proposed Bill, would also be allowed to charge users on a usage-based basis as well as offer directly to users consumer protection services that may discriminate, provided notice is given to users as well as a possibility to opt-out.
The Bill would also prohibit telecommunications service providers to hamper foreign device attachment to their networks provided the device would neither damage nor degrade the network. Telecommunications service providers would furthermore be obligated to render available to users at all time information about the speed, limitations and management practices that are in effect.
History
The Bill is a re-submitted version of Bill C-552 which was introduced one day after 300 protesters came to Parliament in May 2008. The Net Neutrality movement in Canada had accelerated since telecom providers Bell Canada and Rogers were found to have throttled their users P2P traffic. Liberal MP David McGuinty had followed closely on the heels of Mr. Angus' first private member initiative with a private Bill of his own, C-555.
References
Internet in Canada
Net neutrality
Canadian federal legislation
Proposed laws of Canada
2009 in Canadian law |
The Reed neighborhood of Portland, Oregon is in the southeast section of the city, just north of the campus of Reed College.
The neighborhood is bounded on the west by railroad tracks, on the north by SE Holgate Ave., on the east by SE 39th Ave., and on the south by SE Reedway, SE Steele, and a line south of SE Insley and SE Harold Ct. Tucker Maxon School is located in the Reed Neighborhood, and the Reed Neighborhood Association sometimes uses the school to hold meetings.
It was the site of Lambert Gardens, replaced by housing in 1968.
References
External links
Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Program
Reed Street Tree Inventory Report
Neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon |
UMN may refer to:
Makyan language, a Tibeto-Burman of Burma
Multimedia Nusantara University (Universitas Multimedia Nusantara)
United Mission to Nepal
University of Minnesota
UMN MapServer by the Open Source Geospatial Foundation
Upper motor neuron
Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk (Russian: ), a journal translated into English as Russian Mathematical Surveys |
"Valar Morghulis" is the tenth and final episode of the second season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 20th overall. The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss and directed by Alan Taylor. It first aired on June 3, 2012.
The episode concludes many storylines featured throughout the second season, such as Tyrion Lannister's position as Hand of the King, Stannis Baratheon's impending invasion, and Sansa Stark's betrothal to Joffrey Baratheon. In the episode, citizens of King's Landing deal with the aftermath of Stannis's failed attack on the city, with Tywin Lannister being named Hand of the King in Tyrion's stead; Sansa's engagement to Joffrey is annulled, and Margaery Tyrell is betrothed in her place; and Stannis broods in defeat at Dragonstone. Other plotlines include Brienne of Tarth escorting Jaime Lannister south, Jon Snow earning the trust of the Free Folk, and Daenerys Targaryen reuniting with her dragons in the House of the Undying. The episode's title is a code phrase spoken by Jaqen H'ghar to Arya Stark, but its meaning, "all men must die", is not explained until the next season.
"Valar Morghulis" received positive reviews from critics and audiences, and achieved a viewership of 4.20 million during its initial airing in the United States, setting a new record for the series. At the 64th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, the episode won the award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects and was nominated for Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup.
The episode marks the final appearance of Jason Momoa (Khal Drogo).
Plot
In King's Landing
Tywin is named Hand of the King and Baelish is awarded Harrenhal. Ser Loras asks Joffrey to wed Lady Margaery, with Cersei and Pycelle's agreement. Baelish offers to smuggle Sansa home but she declines.
Scarred and without allies except Podrick, Tyrion suspects his sister Cersei was behind the attempt on his life. Bronn is dismissed from his position as captain of the City Watch. Shae tries to convince Tyrion to leave for Pentos, but he refuses.
At Dragonstone
Stannis tries to strangle Melisandre for his defeat but relents after truly comprehending her involvement in Renly's death. His faith in her is restored when he sees visions in the flames.
In the Westerlands
Escorting Jaime to King's Landing, Brienne finds three women lynched by Stark soldiers for sleeping with Lannister soldiers. She kills the Stark soldiers before burying the women. Brienne reminds Jaime that she serves Catelyn, not House Stark.
Robb confides in Catelyn that he loves Talisa and will not proceed with the arranged marriage to House Frey. Despite Catelyn's warning, Robb marries Talisa.
At Winterfell
Under siege, Theon rejects Luwin's advice to leave for the Night's Watch, believing Jon will kill him. Theon tries to rally his men, but is knocked out by Dagmer and brought to the Bolton forces. Luwin is stabbed by Dagmer.
Bran and his party find Winterfell burned and Luwin dying in the Godswood, advising them to head for the Wall before having Osha mercifully kill him.
In the Riverlands
Fleeing Harrenhal, Arya, Gendry and Hot Pie are surprised by Jaqen, who offers to train Arya in what he knows, but she declines, saying she must find her family. He gives her a special coin and the phrase "Valar morghulis" to use to find him, and reveals his face-changing ability before departing.
In Qarth
Pyat Pree's magic strands Jorah and Kovarro outside the House of the Undying while trapping Daenerys within. After encountering strange visions of a ruined King’s Landing, entering beyond the Wall and lastly seeing Drogo with their deceased baby boy, she finally finds her dragons chained as Pyat Pree appears and binds her. Daenerys orders her dragons to breathe fire, killing Pyat Pree and freeing her and her dragons as their binding chains dissolved.
Daenerys finds Xaro in bed with Doreah and seals them in Xaro's empty vault (revealing that his claim to be wealthy was a fraud all along). She and her companions then loot Xaro's house to buy a ship to sail to Astapor.
Beyond the Wall
Qhorin goads Jon into killing him, convincing the wildlings Jon has defected. Jon is introduced to the massive wildling force and promised a meeting with Mance Rayder.
Edd, Grenn and Sam hear three horn blasts (meaning White Walkers). Edd and Grenn run and leave Sam. Sam is surrounded by an army of wights and a White Walker as they march toward the Night's Watch's encampment.
Production
Writing
The episode was written by producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss (their sixth and final script of the season) and directed by Alan Taylor. It was Taylor's final episode on the show until he returned for the season seven episode "Beyond the Wall". The episode covers chapters Tyrion XV, Sansa VIII, Theon VI, Arya IX, Bran VII, Daenerys IV, and Jon VIII from A Clash of Kings and the prologue and chapters Jaime I, Tyrion I, and Jon I of A Storm of Swords. As a season finale, "Valar Morghulis" is a slightly extended episode.
Filming
The Minčeta Tower in Dubrovnik was used as the location of the House of the Undying.
Reception
Ratings
In its original broadcast on June 3, 2012, the episode received 4.20 million viewers, to become the most-watched episode of the series until the third season aired. In the United Kingdom, the episode was viewed by 0.973 million viewers, making it the highest-rated broadcast that week.
Critical reception
"Valar Morghulis" received highly positive reviews. Matt Fowler of IGN rated the episode 9 out of 10. David Sims of The A.V. Club gave the episode an "A" grade.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
"Valar Morghulis" at HBO.com
2012 American television episodes
Game of Thrones (season 2) episodes
Television episodes directed by Alan Taylor (director)
Television episodes written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss |
Stirling Cooper was a London-based fashion wholesaler and retailer that, along with brands such as Biba, Quorum, Browns and Clobber, helped to redefine UK fashion in the late 1960s.
Part of the Swinging London scene in the early years, and with a destination store on Wigmore Street that attracted rock stars such as Mick Jagger, it grew into a substantial wholesaler and retailer and was even more influential in the 1970s, when UK-wide concessions created accessible and affordable high fashion.
Establishment
Stirling Cooper was started by two London cab drivers Ronnie Stirling and Jeff Cooper in 1967. It was initially a small-scale operation and sales techniques included using a London double-decker bus as a mobile showroom. In September 1967, Stirling and Cooper were introduced to a Royal College of Art fashion graduate Jane Whiteside; the introduction came through Diane Wadey, a buyer for the Oxford Street department store Peter Robinson, who had met Whiteside during a pre-graduation project. It was Whiteside who provided the initial fashion direction for the Stirling Cooper brand.
Initially, the company operated as a wholesale operation only and focused on womenswear. By March 1968, Whiteside's first designs for Stirling Cooper were featured in a spread in The Times, even though at this stage the designs were only available at Peter Robinson's London and Sheffield stores, a booth at Kensington Market called Make Believe Dreams and another booth at Bond Street market. Influential Times fashion editor Prudence Glynn introduced Whiteside as a new talent in the London fashion scene.
Opening of first store
In October 1969, Glynn recommended a visit to the new Stirling Cooper boutique in Wigmore Street, describing its strange decor in graphic detail: "Ingress, or rather descent, is through the jaws of a dragon and you expect to find yourself in a salon with a digestive tract decor. In fact, once you have been swallowed by Geoffrey Vivas' smiling monster the style is Japanese bath house." After warning Times readers about the skimpy and body-revealing doors of the women's changing rooms, Glynn added that this store was the best way to see Whiteside's whole collection in context. She described dresses trousers and shirts embellished with men's silver trouser buttons, adding: "free from the qualms of any store buyer she does ankle-length bonded jersey skirts, long waistcoats, tie-around spiv jackets and saggy mid-length jersey coats. A whole personal statement in clothes at such modest prices that the message reaches a mass audience."
Menswear was also included in the new store and was designed by Antony Price, who had been co-opted by Whiteside straight from the Royal College of Art and was then 24. Less than a month later, Times fashion journalist Anthony King-Deacon previewed the new men's range, describing Price as: "one of the brightest young men in menswear designing in London." The article featured an image of Price in a long Stirling Cooper coat and described a limited range that featured safari jackets and wide-collared, pleated-sleeved shirt-waisters.
The shop was a testing ground for new ideas that might later be included in the wholesale range, King-Deacon reported, and he defined it as effectively a couture house, the key differences being the ready-to-wear designs, the limited choice of sizes and the low prices. Turnaround on designs was rapid – as little as two weeks – and men's and women's clothes were made up in the same factory and in similar materials to bypass the tradition of higher manufacturing prices for menswear. Price said: "If cats had to pay as much as chicks for their garb they would automatically get hung up about fashion. But I think I know where it's at as far as a fella's clothes are concerned. I keep them new and cheap and different". Clothes were usually manufactured in the East End, with knitwear and jersey being produced in Leicester.
Price's directional garments attracted a large fan base – especially after Mick Jagger became a customer of Stirling Cooper, wearing Price's button-side trousers on the 'Gimme Shelter' tour. In September 1969, Stirling Cooper was among the brands – alongside Clobber, Quorum and John Marks – to receive financial assistance from the Clothing Export Council to attend the Paris prêt-à-porter (ready-to-wear) fashion fair, showing on a group stand. According to Jeff Banks, the British designers: "tore into the French."
The company employed a pattern cutter called Lenny Rosen who was also production manager. In the late '60s Stirling Cooper took on a partnership with a tailoring company based in London called Sheraton. This brought Rosen's talents to the fore as he excelled in the quirky styles of its various designers. Rosen's protege was 18-year-old Roy (Wiggings) King. The pattern cutter Denise Dudman, while working for Stirling Cooper, would cut the first patterns for Jeff Cooper's first solo collection ....
King graded the patterns for this collection. Later he went on to form the Roy King brand, selling to Harrods, Selfridges and independent retailers throughout the UK. He also opened shops in the north west, trading as Academy, Metropolis, Metropolis Junior and Reaction Premiere.
Jef Cooper asked Sheridan Barnett & Sheilagh Brown to create the Look & design the clothes for his new brand called Coopers.
Jef kept the wonderful Stirling Cooper shop in Wigmore St . Working out of the studios in South Molton St & Clifford St, Sheridan Barnett & Sheilagh Brown created iconic clothes that were featured in all the most influential fashion magazines & media of the time .(see Sunday Times editorial by Michael Roberts and Molly Parkin, photographs by Guy Bourdin 6/8/72 ). After a year, they moved on to join Ossie Clark & Alice Pollock at Quorum, where they created some of the most iconic fashion looks of the decade . They went on, several years later, to creat their own, critically acclaimed, collections under the Jazz label.
Later in their careers, they worked independently under their own label and also designed & consulted for major fashion companies Jaeger and Marks & Spencer
Brand expansion and designers
By 1970, Stirling Cooper was producing handbags, belts and accessories that were stocked by the new Bata shoe shop on Oxford Street. Jane Whiteside's original design direction for womenswear was continued by a team of young designers, including Sheilagh Brown – also from the Royal College of Art and later to work with Sheridan Barnett – Phyllis Collins and Judy (Judith) Ullman; Ullman would later design for Moons. Price remained with Stirling Cooper until late 1971, moving on to the boutique Che Guevara.
Change of ownership
In 1972, original partners Ronnie Stirling and Jeff Cooper split – reportedly due to the pressures of the business. Jeff Cooper joined Radley/Quorum after working with Sheilagh Brown and Sheridan Barnett on the Coopers brand, while Ronnie Stirling remained at the helm of Stirling Cooper.
In 1975, the brand was singled out – along with Jeff Banks, Stephen Marks and Christopher McDonnell – as a fashion house likely to weather the arrival of cheaper mass-market and 'no label' brands. Chris Poulton was righthand man to Ronnie Stirling and a team of designers worked for the brand. A key survival strategy was to continually drip-feed new styles into stores throughout the season, combining staple fashion items with more outrageous lines to attract attention. Poulton noted: "Our aim is always to stick to an identifiable look so that people who like us will always look for our label". By this stage, the business encompassed a shop in New Bond Street, a concession in Peter Robinson and a wholesale showroom servicing 30 in-store concessions nationally, as well as licensing and distribution deals internationally. South African-born Michael Conitzer, who had joined Stirling Cooper in 1972 after training at Marks & Spencer, went on to become managing director. In 1980, he began to market a range of condoms in the stores which later became the Jiffi brand.
New directions and brand demise
Paul Dass bought the Stirling Cooper business in 1992 and decided to move it back to its original focus on working with up-and-coming designers. Initially he recruited Bella Freud, who spent a year with the brand producing signature pieces such as suits and skinny knits. In 1994, he recruited Nicholas Knightly, tipped as a rising star of the fashion industry, to produce a designer collection. Dass also undertook a refurbishment programme, using David Quigley Architects to create urban-themed interiors for its six stores, including the Oxford Street flagship. The company ceased trading in the 1990s.
References
Molly Parkin, Michael Roberts, Sunday Times August 6, 1972
Featuring clothes and editorial on the Cooper brand launch
External links
1971 Stirling Cooper outfit at Get Some Vintage-a-Peel
Antony Price and Sheilagh Brown at the Stirling Cooper store in Wigmore Street at Hope and Glitter
Shops in London
Retail companies established in 1967
Clothing retailers of the United Kingdom
British brands
High fashion brands
1960s fashion
1970s fashion
1980s fashion
Defunct companies of the United Kingdom |
```java
/*
*
* This program and the accompanying materials are made
* which is available at path_to_url
*
*/
package org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.server.nodes.delegates;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.core.nodes.MethodNode;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.server.nodes.AttributeContext;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.server.nodes.UaMethodNode;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.server.nodes.UaNode;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.server.util.AttributeUtil;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.AttributeId;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.UaException;
import org.eclipse.milo.opcua.stack.core.types.builtin.DataValue;
import static org.eclipse.milo.opcua.sdk.server.util.AttributeUtil.dv;
public interface GetSetMethodNode extends GetSetBase {
default DataValue getMethodAttribute(
AttributeContext context,
UaMethodNode node,
AttributeId attributeId
) throws UaException {
switch (attributeId) {
case Executable:
return dv(isExecutable(context, node));
case UserExecutable:
return dv(isUserExecutable(context, node));
default:
return getBaseAttribute(context, node, attributeId);
}
}
default void setMethodAttribute(
AttributeContext context,
UaMethodNode node,
AttributeId attributeId,
DataValue value
) throws UaException {
switch (attributeId) {
case Executable:
setExecutable(context, node, AttributeUtil.extract(value));
break;
case UserExecutable:
setUserExecutable(context, node, AttributeUtil.extract(value));
break;
default:
setBaseAttribute(context, node, attributeId, value);
}
}
default Boolean isExecutable(AttributeContext context, MethodNode node) throws UaException {
return (Boolean) ((UaNode) node).getFilterChain().getAttribute(
context.getSession().orElse(null),
(UaNode) node,
AttributeId.Executable
);
}
default Boolean isUserExecutable(AttributeContext context, MethodNode node) throws UaException {
return (Boolean) ((UaNode) node).getFilterChain().getAttribute(
context.getSession().orElse(null),
(UaNode) node,
AttributeId.UserExecutable
);
}
default void setExecutable(AttributeContext context, MethodNode node, Boolean executable) throws UaException {
((UaNode) node).getFilterChain().setAttribute(
context.getSession().orElse(null),
(UaNode) node,
AttributeId.Executable,
executable
);
}
default void setUserExecutable(
AttributeContext context,
MethodNode node,
Boolean userExecutable
) throws UaException {
((UaNode) node).getFilterChain().setAttribute(
context.getSession().orElse(null),
(UaNode) node,
AttributeId.UserExecutable,
userExecutable
);
}
}
``` |
```php
<?php
/**
* phpDocumentor
*
* PHP Version 5.3
*
* @author Mike van Riel <mike.vanriel@naenius.com>
* @copyright 2010-2011 Mike van Riel / Naenius (path_to_url
* @license path_to_url MIT
* @link path_to_url
*/
namespace phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock;
use phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock;
/**
* Parses a tag definition for a DocBlock.
*
* @author Mike van Riel <mike.vanriel@naenius.com>
* @license path_to_url MIT
* @link path_to_url
*/
class Tag implements \Reflector
{
/**
* PCRE regular expression matching a tag name.
*/
const REGEX_TAGNAME = '[\w\-\_\\\\]+';
/** @var string Name of the tag */
protected $tag = '';
/**
* @var string|null Content of the tag.
* When set to NULL, it means it needs to be regenerated.
*/
protected $content = '';
/** @var string Description of the content of this tag */
protected $description = '';
/**
* @var array|null The description, as an array of strings and Tag objects.
* When set to NULL, it means it needs to be regenerated.
*/
protected $parsedDescription = null;
/** @var Location Location of the tag. */
protected $location = null;
/** @var DocBlock The DocBlock which this tag belongs to. */
protected $docblock = null;
/**
* @var array An array with a tag as a key, and an FQCN to a class that
* handles it as an array value. The class is expected to inherit this
* class.
*/
private static $tagHandlerMappings = array(
'author'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\AuthorTag',
'covers'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\CoversTag',
'deprecated'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\DeprecatedTag',
'example'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\ExampleTag',
'link'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\LinkTag',
'method'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\MethodTag',
'param'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\ParamTag',
'property-read'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\PropertyReadTag',
'property'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\PropertyTag',
'property-write'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\PropertyWriteTag',
'return'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\ReturnTag',
'see'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\SeeTag',
'since'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\SinceTag',
'source'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\SourceTag',
'throw'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\ThrowsTag',
'throws'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\ThrowsTag',
'uses'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\UsesTag',
'var'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\VarTag',
'version'
=> '\phpDocumentor\Reflection\DocBlock\Tag\VersionTag'
);
/**
* Factory method responsible for instantiating the correct sub type.
*
* @param string $tag_line The text for this tag, including description.
* @param DocBlock $docblock The DocBlock which this tag belongs to.
* @param Location $location Location of the tag.
*
* @throws \InvalidArgumentException if an invalid tag line was presented.
*
* @return static A new tag object.
*/
final public static function createInstance(
$tag_line,
DocBlock $docblock = null,
Location $location = null
) {
if (!preg_match(
'/^@(' . self::REGEX_TAGNAME . ')(?:\s*([^\s].*)|$)?/us',
$tag_line,
$matches
)) {
throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
'Invalid tag_line detected: ' . $tag_line
);
}
$handler = __CLASS__;
if (isset(self::$tagHandlerMappings[$matches[1]])) {
$handler = self::$tagHandlerMappings[$matches[1]];
} elseif (isset($docblock)) {
$tagName = (string)new Type\Collection(
array($matches[1]),
$docblock->getContext()
);
if (isset(self::$tagHandlerMappings[$tagName])) {
$handler = self::$tagHandlerMappings[$tagName];
}
}
return new $handler(
$matches[1],
isset($matches[2]) ? $matches[2] : '',
$docblock,
$location
);
}
/**
* Registers a handler for tags.
*
* Registers a handler for tags. The class specified is autoloaded if it's
* not available. It must inherit from this class.
*
* @param string $tag Name of tag to regiser a handler for. When
* registering a namespaced tag, the full name, along with a prefixing
* slash MUST be provided.
* @param string|null $handler FQCN of handler. Specifing NULL removes the
* handler for the specified tag, if any.
*
* @return bool TRUE on success, FALSE on failure.
*/
final public static function registerTagHandler($tag, $handler)
{
$tag = trim((string)$tag);
if (null === $handler) {
unset(self::$tagHandlerMappings[$tag]);
return true;
}
if ('' !== $tag
&& class_exists($handler, true)
&& is_subclass_of($handler, __CLASS__)
&& !strpos($tag, '\\') //Accept no slash, and 1st slash at offset 0.
) {
self::$tagHandlerMappings[$tag] = $handler;
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Parses a tag and populates the member variables.
*
* @param string $name Name of the tag.
* @param string $content The contents of the given tag.
* @param DocBlock $docblock The DocBlock which this tag belongs to.
* @param Location $location Location of the tag.
*/
public function __construct(
$name,
$content,
DocBlock $docblock = null,
Location $location = null
) {
$this
->setName($name)
->setContent($content)
->setDocBlock($docblock)
->setLocation($location);
}
/**
* Gets the name of this tag.
*
* @return string The name of this tag.
*/
public function getName()
{
return $this->tag;
}
/**
* Sets the name of this tag.
*
* @param string $name The new name of this tag.
*
* @return $this
* @throws \InvalidArgumentException When an invalid tag name is provided.
*/
public function setName($name)
{
if (!preg_match('/^' . self::REGEX_TAGNAME . '$/u', $name)) {
throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
'Invalid tag name supplied: ' . $name
);
}
$this->tag = $name;
return $this;
}
/**
* Gets the content of this tag.
*
* @return string
*/
public function getContent()
{
if (null === $this->content) {
$this->content = $this->description;
}
return $this->content;
}
/**
* Sets the content of this tag.
*
* @param string $content The new content of this tag.
*
* @return $this
*/
public function setContent($content)
{
$this->setDescription($content);
$this->content = $content;
return $this;
}
/**
* Gets the description component of this tag.
*
* @return string
*/
public function getDescription()
{
return $this->description;
}
/**
* Sets the description component of this tag.
*
* @param string $description The new description component of this tag.
*
* @return $this
*/
public function setDescription($description)
{
$this->content = null;
$this->parsedDescription = null;
$this->description = trim($description);
return $this;
}
/**
* Gets the parsed text of this description.
*
* @return array An array of strings and tag objects, in the order they
* occur within the description.
*/
public function getParsedDescription()
{
if (null === $this->parsedDescription) {
$description = new Description($this->description, $this->docblock);
$this->parsedDescription = $description->getParsedContents();
}
return $this->parsedDescription;
}
/**
* Gets the docblock this tag belongs to.
*
* @return DocBlock The docblock this tag belongs to.
*/
public function getDocBlock()
{
return $this->docblock;
}
/**
* Sets the docblock this tag belongs to.
*
* @param DocBlock $docblock The new docblock this tag belongs to. Setting
* NULL removes any association.
*
* @return $this
*/
public function setDocBlock(DocBlock $docblock = null)
{
$this->docblock = $docblock;
return $this;
}
/**
* Gets the location of the tag.
*
* @return Location The tag's location.
*/
public function getLocation()
{
return $this->location;
}
/**
* Sets the location of the tag.
*
* @param Location $location The new location of the tag.
*
* @return $this
*/
public function setLocation(Location $location = null)
{
$this->location = $location;
return $this;
}
/**
* Builds a string representation of this object.
*
* @todo determine the exact format as used by PHP Reflection and implement it.
*
* @return void
* @codeCoverageIgnore Not yet implemented
*/
public static function export()
{
throw new \Exception('Not yet implemented');
}
/**
* Returns the tag as a serialized string
*
* @return string
*/
public function __toString()
{
return "@{$this->getName()} {$this->getContent()}";
}
}
``` |
Tony Lawson (born 17 February 1972) is an Australian diver. He competed in the men's 10 metre platform event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Australian male divers
Olympic divers for Australia
Divers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Newcastle, New South Wales
20th-century Australian people
21st-century Australian people
Sportsmen from New South Wales |
Naalya is a township in Kira Municipality, in Kyaddondo County, Wakiso District, in Uganda.
Location
Naalya is bordered by downtown Kira to the north, Kyaliwajjala and Namugongo to the northeast, Bweyogerere to the east, Kireka to the southeast, Banda to the south and Kiwaatule to the west and Najjera to the northwest. Naalya is located approximately , by road, northeast of Kampala's central business district From Kampala, one can either follow the Kampala-Jinja Highway eastwards for to Kireka, turn north and travel another to Naalya. Alternatively, one can follow the Kampala Northern Bypass Highway, proceeding eastwards through Bukoto, Kiwaatule until one arrives at Naalya.
Overview
In the 21st century, Naalya is developing into a middle class residential neighborhood with high-rise apartment complexes and modest residential bungalows. The Kampala Northern Bypass Highway traverses the township as it courses its way from Bweyogerere to the east towards Kiwaatule, to the west of Naalya. In between the residences and highways, supermarkets and shopping malls are beginning to spring up. The Metroplex Shopping Mall, the largest shopping complex in Uganda, is located in Naalya, on the northern border of the Kampala Northern Bypass Highway.
Points of interest
These are some of the points of interest in or near Naalya:
The Kireka-Namugongo Road - Leads to the Uganda Martyr's Basilica at Namugongo
The Kampala Northern Bypass Highway - The highway goes through the township
Naalya Housing Estate - A high-rise condominium and apartment complex constructed by National Housing and Construction Company
Naalya Secondary School - A private, mixed, non-residential high school (grades 8 - 13)
Bethany High School - A private, upscale, mixed, day and boarding high school (grades 8 -13)
Harvest International School - A private, day, Christian, International School
See also
Central Region, Uganda
References
External links
About Naalya Senior Secondary School
About Bethany High School
Kira Town
Populated places in Central Region, Uganda
Cities in the Great Rift Valley |
```kotlin
package de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.R
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.CONE
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.DOME
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.DOUBLE_SALTBOX
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.FLAT
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.GABLED
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.GAMBREL
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.HALF_HIPPED
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.HIPPED
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.MANSARD
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.MANY
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.ONION
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.PYRAMIDAL
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.QUADRUPLE_SALTBOX
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.ROUND
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.ROUND_GABLED
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.SALTBOX
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.quests.roof_shape.RoofShape.SKILLION
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.view.image_select.DisplayItem
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.view.image_select.Item
fun RoofShape.asItem(): DisplayItem<RoofShape>? {
val iconResId = iconResId ?: return null
return Item(this, iconResId)
}
private val RoofShape.iconResId: Int? get() = when (this) {
GABLED -> R.drawable.ic_roof_gabled
HIPPED -> R.drawable.ic_roof_hipped
FLAT -> R.drawable.ic_roof_flat
PYRAMIDAL -> R.drawable.ic_roof_pyramidal
HALF_HIPPED -> R.drawable.ic_roof_half_hipped
SKILLION -> R.drawable.ic_roof_skillion
GAMBREL -> R.drawable.ic_roof_gambrel
ROUND -> R.drawable.ic_roof_round
DOUBLE_SALTBOX -> R.drawable.ic_roof_double_saltbox
SALTBOX -> R.drawable.ic_roof_saltbox
MANSARD -> R.drawable.ic_roof_mansard
DOME -> R.drawable.ic_roof_dome
QUADRUPLE_SALTBOX -> R.drawable.ic_roof_quadruple_saltbox
ROUND_GABLED -> R.drawable.ic_roof_round_gabled
ONION -> R.drawable.ic_roof_onion
CONE -> R.drawable.ic_roof_cone
MANY -> null
}
``` |
Conopomorpha flueggella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Tianjin, China.
Adult
The wingspan is 8-15.5 mm. The head is grey to greyish brown and the frons is greyish white. The thorax and tegula are dark brown. The forewing is narrow and the costal and dorsal margins are nearly parallel. The ground colour is greyish brown to dark brown. The hindwing and cilia are greyish brown and the abdomen is grey, although the first two segments are shining white. It is similar to Conopomorpha litchiella, but distinguishable by the uniformly greyish brown to dark brown forewing with three pairs of stripes and differences in the genitalia. Furthermore, in Conopomorpha litchiella, the forewing is whitish yellow in distal portion and the larva is yellowish green.
Egg
The egg is flat, elliptic and about 0.3 mm in length and 0.2 mm in width. There is a transparent membrane in the surface and an irregular meshy stripe on the egg shell. It is milky white and semitransparent but turns straw yellow when close to hatching.
Larva
Young instar larvae are flat, yellowish white, semitransparent and with distinct segments. Mature larvae are 5.5-7.0 mm. The head is deep brown and the anterior half to two-thirds of each segment on the thorax and abdomen is red, while the remainder is white.
Pupa
The pupa is 4–6 mm, fusiform and greenish yellow in the early pupal stage, changing gradually to yellowish brown and eventually blackish brown before eclosion (emergence).
Cocoon
The cocoon is 7–9 mm, white, flat elliptic, with some white grains attached on surface.
Life history
There are two generations per year in Tianjin, China. Mature larvae quit the fruits of their food plant before they are ripe and pupate on leaves or leaf litter. The pupal stage lasts from nine to twelve days. Adults of the second generation hibernate. Adults occur from May to the first ten days of June, and from the last ten days of June to the first ten days of August. Adults can emerge during the whole day, but the peak occurs in the morning. The mating occurs usually in the morning. At night, the moths are actively drinking nectar and ovipositing. A parasitic Ichneumonid species was reared from pupae collected in the field.
Food plant
The larvae feed on the seeds of Flueggea suffruticosa.
References
Conopomorpha
Moths described in 2011 |
```go
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package cmpopts
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
"strings"
"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
)
// filterField returns a new Option where opt is only evaluated on paths that
// include a specific exported field on a single struct type.
// The struct type is specified by passing in a value of that type.
//
// The name may be a dot-delimited string (e.g., "Foo.Bar") to select a
// specific sub-field that is embedded or nested within the parent struct.
func filterField(typ interface{}, name string, opt cmp.Option) cmp.Option {
// TODO: This is currently unexported over concerns of how helper filters
// can be composed together easily.
// TODO: Add tests for FilterField.
sf := newStructFilter(typ, name)
return cmp.FilterPath(sf.filter, opt)
}
type structFilter struct {
t reflect.Type // The root struct type to match on
ft fieldTree // Tree of fields to match on
}
func newStructFilter(typ interface{}, names ...string) structFilter {
// TODO: Perhaps allow * as a special identifier to allow ignoring any
// number of path steps until the next field match?
// This could be useful when a concrete struct gets transformed into
// an anonymous struct where it is not possible to specify that by type,
// but the transformer happens to provide guarantees about the names of
// the transformed fields.
t := reflect.TypeOf(typ)
if t == nil || t.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("%T must be a non-pointer struct", typ))
}
var ft fieldTree
for _, name := range names {
cname, err := canonicalName(t, name)
if err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", strings.Join(cname, "."), err))
}
ft.insert(cname)
}
return structFilter{t, ft}
}
func (sf structFilter) filter(p cmp.Path) bool {
for i, ps := range p {
if ps.Type().AssignableTo(sf.t) && sf.ft.matchPrefix(p[i+1:]) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// fieldTree represents a set of dot-separated identifiers.
//
// For example, inserting the following selectors:
//
// Foo
// Foo.Bar.Baz
// Foo.Buzz
// Nuka.Cola.Quantum
//
// Results in a tree of the form:
//
// {sub: {
// "Foo": {ok: true, sub: {
// "Bar": {sub: {
// "Baz": {ok: true},
// }},
// "Buzz": {ok: true},
// }},
// "Nuka": {sub: {
// "Cola": {sub: {
// "Quantum": {ok: true},
// }},
// }},
// }}
type fieldTree struct {
ok bool // Whether this is a specified node
sub map[string]fieldTree // The sub-tree of fields under this node
}
// insert inserts a sequence of field accesses into the tree.
func (ft *fieldTree) insert(cname []string) {
if ft.sub == nil {
ft.sub = make(map[string]fieldTree)
}
if len(cname) == 0 {
ft.ok = true
return
}
sub := ft.sub[cname[0]]
sub.insert(cname[1:])
ft.sub[cname[0]] = sub
}
// matchPrefix reports whether any selector in the fieldTree matches
// the start of path p.
func (ft fieldTree) matchPrefix(p cmp.Path) bool {
for _, ps := range p {
switch ps := ps.(type) {
case cmp.StructField:
ft = ft.sub[ps.Name()]
if ft.ok {
return true
}
if len(ft.sub) == 0 {
return false
}
case cmp.Indirect:
default:
return false
}
}
return false
}
// canonicalName returns a list of identifiers where any struct field access
// through an embedded field is expanded to include the names of the embedded
// types themselves.
//
// For example, suppose field "Foo" is not directly in the parent struct,
// but actually from an embedded struct of type "Bar". Then, the canonical name
// of "Foo" is actually "Bar.Foo".
//
// Suppose field "Foo" is not directly in the parent struct, but actually
// a field in two different embedded structs of types "Bar" and "Baz".
// Then the selector "Foo" causes a panic since it is ambiguous which one it
// refers to. The user must specify either "Bar.Foo" or "Baz.Foo".
func canonicalName(t reflect.Type, sel string) ([]string, error) {
var name string
sel = strings.TrimPrefix(sel, ".")
if sel == "" {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("name must not be empty")
}
if i := strings.IndexByte(sel, '.'); i < 0 {
name, sel = sel, ""
} else {
name, sel = sel[:i], sel[i:]
}
// Type must be a struct or pointer to struct.
if t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
t = t.Elem()
}
if t.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v must be a struct", t)
}
// Find the canonical name for this current field name.
// If the field exists in an embedded struct, then it will be expanded.
sf, _ := t.FieldByName(name)
if !isExported(name) {
// Avoid using reflect.Type.FieldByName for unexported fields due to
// buggy behavior with regard to embeddeding and unexported fields.
// See path_to_url for details.
sf = reflect.StructField{}
for i := 0; i < t.NumField() && sf.Name == ""; i++ {
if t.Field(i).Name == name {
sf = t.Field(i)
}
}
}
if sf.Name == "" {
return []string{name}, fmt.Errorf("does not exist")
}
var ss []string
for i := range sf.Index {
ss = append(ss, t.FieldByIndex(sf.Index[:i+1]).Name)
}
if sel == "" {
return ss, nil
}
ssPost, err := canonicalName(sf.Type, sel)
return append(ss, ssPost...), err
}
``` |
```dart
// MIT-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
// path_to_url
import 'dart:io';
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:cli_pkg/cli_pkg.dart' as pkg;
import 'package:cli_util/cli_util.dart';
import 'package:grinder/grinder.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
import 'package:path/path.dart' as p;
import 'package:pubspec_parse/pubspec_parse.dart';
import 'package:yaml/yaml.dart';
import 'utils.dart';
/// The path in which pub expects to find its credentials file.
final String _pubCredentialsPath =
p.join(applicationConfigHome('dart'), 'pub-credentials.json');
@Task('Deploy pkg/sass_api to pub.')
Future<void> deploySassApi() async {
// Write pub credentials
Directory(p.dirname(_pubCredentialsPath)).createSync(recursive: true);
File(_pubCredentialsPath).openSync(mode: FileMode.writeOnlyAppend)
..writeStringSync(pkg.pubCredentials.value)
..closeSync();
var client = http.Client();
var pubspecPath = "pkg/sass_api/pubspec.yaml";
var pubspec = Pubspec.parse(File(pubspecPath).readAsStringSync(),
sourceUrl: p.toUri(pubspecPath));
// Remove the dependency override on `sass`, because otherwise it will block
// publishing.
var pubspecYaml = Map<dynamic, dynamic>.of(
loadYaml(File(pubspecPath).readAsStringSync()) as YamlMap);
pubspecYaml.remove("dependency_overrides");
File(pubspecPath).writeAsStringSync(json.encode(pubspecYaml));
// We use symlinks to avoid duplicating files between the main repo and
// child repos, but `pub lish` doesn't resolve these before publishing so we
// have to do so manually.
for (var entry in Directory("pkg/sass_api")
.listSync(recursive: true, followLinks: false)) {
if (entry is! Link) continue;
var target = p.join(p.dirname(entry.path), entry.targetSync());
entry.deleteSync();
File(entry.path).writeAsStringSync(File(target).readAsStringSync());
}
log("dart pub publish ${pubspec.name}");
var process = await Process.start(
p.join(sdkDir.path, "bin/dart"), ["pub", "publish", "--force"],
workingDirectory: "pkg/sass_api");
LineSplitter().bind(utf8.decoder.bind(process.stdout)).listen(log);
LineSplitter().bind(utf8.decoder.bind(process.stderr)).listen(log);
if (await process.exitCode != 0) {
fail("dart pub publish ${pubspec.name} failed");
}
var response = await client.post(
Uri.parse("path_to_url"),
headers: {
"accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json",
"content-type": "application/json",
"authorization": githubAuthorization
},
body: jsonEncode({
"ref": "refs/tags/${pubspec.name}/${pubspec.version}",
"sha": Platform.environment["GITHUB_SHA"]!
}));
if (response.statusCode != 201) {
fail("${response.statusCode} error creating tag:\n${response.body}");
} else {
log("Tagged ${pubspec.name} ${pubspec.version}.");
}
}
``` |
Lilian Douglas was a British stage and film actress. She starred in fourteen films during the silent era.
Selected filmography
When Greek Meets Greek (1922)
A Master of Craft (1922)
A Sporting Double (1922)
The Sporting Instinct (1922)
Paddy the Next Best Thing (1923)
The Hypocrites (1923)
In the Blood (1923)
The Hound of the Deep (1926)
References
Bibliography
Low, Rachael. The History of the British Film 1918-1929. George Allen & Unwin, 1971.
External links
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
British stage actresses
British film actresses
20th-century British actresses |
Muscina stabulans (formerly Curtonevra stabulans), commonly known as the false stable fly, is a fly from the family Muscidae.
Description
As an adult, Muscina stabulans has partially reddish-brown legs, four characteristic dark stripes along the thorax region, and a pale spot above the thorax. These flies average 8 millimeters (0.3 inches) in length. The abdomen is either entirely black or black with red sides. Its head ranges in color from a dark-grey to a whitish hue. Circular spiracular plates can be found separated by about one plate's width in the posterior area.
Larvae are dullish-white in colour, 6–7 mm long and 1–1.5 mm wide. They consist of 11 segments, with all but the last having a belt of small, well-developed spines going towards the posterior margins. The pseudo-cephalic segment has two hooks. The posterior spiracles have curved spiracular slits.
Habitat
The false stable fly was found in a study determining synanthropy (ecological association with humans) of adult Muscidae collected in urban, rural and natural environments in Valdivia, Chile. According to the study, M. stabulans are mostly found in rural and natural neighborhoods, and rarely inhabit cities. The distribution of Muscina species tends to be spread throughout the United States. For the most part, M. stabulans is active year-round, but fly activity tends to peak in the summer months, when the number of generation cycles also peak.
The habitat of M. stabulans is similar to that of the house fly, Musca domestica. False stable flies have been spotted in animal housing, such as poultry houses, as well as in the mucosal linings of mammalian intestines. They can be found on carrion in various decomposition stages, but they exhibit a strong preference for the later stages of decomposition. They are able to reach a buried body in shallow ground through several inches of dirt.
Diet
Larvae of false stable fly consume various kinds of decomposing material, including fruit, fungi, excrement and carrion.
Myiasis
There have been rare instances of myiasis linked to M. stabulans. A twenty-year-old male from a rural part of India was reported with a rare case of intestinal myiasis. Symptoms included abdominal discomfort, bloated abdomen, and intestinal hurrying after meals. His stool sample was watery and contained sparse fecal matter, but it was littered with maggots. A repeat sample two hours later also displayed positive signs of maggots. These maggots were submitted to the Vector Control Research Center (VCRC) in Puducherry and identified as M. stabulans.
References
Muscidae
Diptera of Europe
Insects described in 1817 |
The Human Highlight Reel is a compilation album by the American rock band Man Overboard, released on Run for Cover Records on 10 May 2011.
Track listing
Driveway
Melanie, Video Games And A Slight Fear Of Flying
I Saw Behemoth and It Ruled (Electric) (originally on The Absolute Worst)
They Don't Make 'm Like They Use To (originally on Dahlia)
Five Girls Pizza (originally on Dahlia)
I Ate My Gluestick
Love Your Friends Die Laughing (Electric)
Again (originally a Bandcamp bonus track for Real Talk)
Red Paint (Promise Ring cover version)
Crybaby (originally on Noise From Upstairs)
210B (originally on Noise From Upstairs)
Dylan’s Song (originally on Noise From Upstairs)
I Saw Behemoth and It Ruled (originally on Noise From Upstairs)
Dear You (originally on Noise From Upstairs)
Different People (originally on Vs. The Earthquake Compilation)
Decemberism (originally on the first No Sleep Records Christmas Compilation)
References
External links
The Human Highlight Reel at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)
Man Overboard (band) compilation albums
2011 albums
Run for Cover Records albums |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../assets/images/favicon.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-0.16.3, mkdocs-material-1.6.1">
<title>Deploying Ponzu on Linux with System-V style init</title>
<script src="../../assets/javascripts/modernizr-56ade86843.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/application-4d0d3f2fbf.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/application-f78e5cb881.palette.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="path_to_url|Roboto+Mono">
<style>body,input{font-family:"Roboto","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}code,kbd,pre{font-family:"Roboto Mono","Courier New",Courier,monospace}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="path_to_url">
</head>
<body data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-accent="light-blue">
<svg class="md-svg">
<defs>
<svg xmlns="path_to_url" width="416" height="448" viewBox="0 0 416 448" id="github"><path fill="currentColor" d="M160 304q0 10-3.125 20.5t-10.75 19T128 352t-18.125-8.5-10.75-19T96 304t3.125-20.5 10.75-19T128 256t18.125 8.5 10.75 19T160 304zm160 0q0 10-3.125 20.5t-10.75 19T288 352t-18.125-8.5-10.75-19T256 304t3.125-20.5 10.75-19T288 256t18.125 8.5 10.75 19T320 304zm40 0q0-30-17.25-51T296 232q-10.25 0-48.75 5.25Q229.5 240 208 240t-39.25-2.75Q130.75 232 120 232q-29.5 0-46.75 21T56 304q0 22 8 38.375t20.25 25.75 30.5 15 35 7.375 37.25 1.75h42q20.5 0 37.25-1.75t35-7.375 30.5-15 20.25-25.75T360 304zm56-44q0 51.75-15.25 82.75-9.5 19.25-26.375 33.25t-35.25 21.5-42.5 11.875-42.875 5.5T212 416q-19.5 0-35.5-.75t-36.875-3.125-38.125-7.5-34.25-12.875T37 371.5t-21.5-28.75Q0 312 0 260q0-59.25 34-99-6.75-20.5-6.75-42.5 0-29 12.75-54.5 27 0 47.5 9.875t47.25 30.875Q171.5 96 212 96q37 0 70 8 26.25-20.5 46.75-30.25T376 64q12.75 25.5 12.75 54.5 0 21.75-6.75 42 34 40 34 99.5z"/></svg>
</defs>
</svg>
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="drawer">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="search">
<label class="md-overlay" data-md-component="overlay" for="drawer"></label>
<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
<nav class="md-header-nav md-grid">
<div class="md-flex">
<div class="md-flex__cell md-flex__cell--shrink">
<a href="../.." title="Ponzu" class="md-logo md-header-nav__button">
<img src="../../images/logo.png" width="24" height="24">
</a>
</div>
<div class="md-flex__cell md-flex__cell--shrink">
<label class="md-icon md-icon--menu md-header-nav__button" for="drawer"></label>
</div>
<div class="md-flex__cell md-flex__cell--stretch">
<span class="md-flex__ellipsis md-header-nav__title">
<span class="md-header-nav__parent">
System Deployment
</span>
SysV Style
</span>
</div>
<div class="md-flex__cell md-flex__cell--shrink">
<label class="md-icon md-icon--search md-header-nav__button" for="search"></label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" required placeholder="Search" accesskey="s" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="query">
<label class="md-icon md-search__icon" for="search"></label>
<button type="reset" class="md-icon md-search__icon" data-md-component="reset">close</button>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta" data-md-lang-result-none="No matching documents" data-md-lang-result-one="1 matching document" data-md-lang-result-other="# matching documents">
Type to start searching
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-flex__cell md-flex__cell--shrink">
<div class="md-header-nav__source">
<a href="path_to_url" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-source="github">
<div class="md-source__icon">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24">
<use xlink:href="#github" width="24" height="24"></use>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
ponzu-cms/ponzu
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="md-container">
<main class="md-main">
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid" data-md-component="container">
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="navigation">
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title md-nav__title--site" for="drawer">
<i class="md-logo md-nav__button">
<img src="../../images/logo.png">
</i>
Ponzu
</label>
<div class="md-nav__source">
<a href="path_to_url" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-source="github">
<div class="md-source__icon">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24">
<use xlink:href="#github" width="24" height="24"></use>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
ponzu-cms/ponzu
</div>
</a>
</div>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../.." title="Home" class="md-nav__link">
Home
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-2">
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2">
CLI
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2">
CLI
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CLI/General-Usage/" title="General Usage" class="md-nav__link">
General Usage
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../CLI/Generating-References/" title="Generating References" class="md-nav__link">
Generating References
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-3" type="checkbox" id="nav-3">
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-3">
Content
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-3">
Content
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Content/An-Overview/" title="An Overview" class="md-nav__link">
An Overview
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Content/Extending-Content/" title="Extending Content" class="md-nav__link">
Extending Content
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-4" type="checkbox" id="nav-4">
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-4">
Form Fields
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-4">
Form Fields
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Form-Fields/HTML-Inputs/" title="HTML Inputs" class="md-nav__link">
HTML Inputs
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-5" type="checkbox" id="nav-5">
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-5">
HTTP APIs
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-5">
HTTP APIs
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../HTTP-APIs/Content/" title="Content" class="md-nav__link">
Content
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../HTTP-APIs/File-Metadata/" title="File Metadata" class="md-nav__link">
File Metadata
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../HTTP-APIs/Search/" title="Search" class="md-nav__link">
Search
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-6" type="checkbox" id="nav-6">
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-6">
Interfaces
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-6">
Interfaces
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Interfaces/API/" title="API" class="md-nav__link">
API
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Interfaces/Editor/" title="Editor" class="md-nav__link">
Editor
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Interfaces/Format/" title="Format" class="md-nav__link">
Format
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Interfaces/Item/" title="Item" class="md-nav__link">
Item
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Interfaces/Search/" title="Search" class="md-nav__link">
Search
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-7" type="checkbox" id="nav-7">
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-7">
Ponzu Addons
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-7">
Ponzu Addons
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Ponzu-Addons/Creating-Addons/" title="Creating Addons" class="md-nav__link">
Creating Addons
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Ponzu-Addons/Using-Addons/" title="Using Addons" class="md-nav__link">
Using Addons
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-8" type="checkbox" id="nav-8">
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-8">
Quickstart
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-8">
Quickstart
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Quickstart/Overview/" title="Overview" class="md-nav__link">
Overview
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-9" type="checkbox" id="nav-9">
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-9">
References
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-9">
References
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../References/Overview/" title="Overview" class="md-nav__link">
Overview
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-10" type="checkbox" id="nav-10">
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-10">
Running Backups
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-10">
Running Backups
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../Running-Backups/Backups/" title="Backups" class="md-nav__link">
Backups
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-11" type="checkbox" id="nav-11">
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-11">
System Configuration
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-11">
System Configuration
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../System-Configuration/Settings/" title="Settings" class="md-nav__link">
Settings
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-12" type="checkbox" id="nav-12" checked>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-12">
System Deployment
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-component="collapsible" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-12">
System Deployment
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../Docker/" title="Docker" class="md-nav__link">
Docker
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="toc" type="checkbox" id="toc">
<a href="./" title="SysV Style" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
SysV Style
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="toc">
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1>SysV Style</h1>
<p>For reference, here is an example init script to run Ponzu servers. You must
define the <code>PROJECT_DIR</code> & <code>RUNAS</code> variables by replacing <code><PROJECT DIRECTORY></code>
& <code><USER></code> in the script below:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/bin/sh</span>
<span class="c1">### BEGIN INIT INFO</span>
<span class="c1"># Provides: ponzu-server</span>
<span class="c1"># Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $time $syslog</span>
<span class="c1"># Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $time $syslog</span>
<span class="c1"># Default-Start: 2 3 4 5</span>
<span class="c1"># Default-Stop: 0 1 6</span>
<span class="c1"># Description: Ponzu API & Admin server</span>
<span class="c1">### END INIT INFO</span>
<span class="nv">PROJECT_DIR</span><span class="o">=</span><PROJECT DIRECTORY>
<span class="nv">SCRIPT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'cd $PROJECT_DIR && ponzu run --port=80'</span> <span class="c1"># add --https here to get TLS/HTTPS</span>
<span class="nv">RUNAS</span><span class="o">=</span><USER>
<span class="nv">PIDFILE</span><span class="o">=</span>/var/run/ponzu-server.pid
<span class="nv">LOGFILE</span><span class="o">=</span>/var/log/ponzu-server.log
start<span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[</span> -f /var/run/<span class="nv">$PIDNAME</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="nb">kill</span> -0 <span class="k">$(</span>cat /var/run/<span class="nv">$PIDNAME</span><span class="k">)</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">'Service already running'</span> ><span class="p">&</span><span class="m">2</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="m">1</span>
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">'Starting service'</span> ><span class="p">&</span><span class="m">2</span>
<span class="nb">local</span> <span class="nv">CMD</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$SCRIPT</span><span class="s2"> &> \"</span><span class="nv">$LOGFILE</span><span class="s2">\" & echo \$!"</span>
su -c <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$CMD</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nv">$RUNAS</span> > <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$PIDFILE</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">'Service started'</span> ><span class="p">&</span><span class="m">2</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
stop<span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[</span> ! -f <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$PIDFILE</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">||</span> ! <span class="nb">kill</span> -0 <span class="k">$(</span>cat <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$PIDFILE</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">)</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">'Service not running'</span> ><span class="p">&</span><span class="m">2</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="m">1</span>
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">'Stopping service'</span> ><span class="p">&</span><span class="m">2</span>
<span class="nb">kill</span> -15 <span class="k">$(</span>cat <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$PIDFILE</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">)</span> <span class="o">&&</span> rm -f <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$PIDFILE</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">'Service stopped'</span> ><span class="p">&</span><span class="m">2</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
uninstall<span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> -n <span class="s2">"Are you really sure you want to uninstall this service? That cannot be undone. [yes|No] "</span>
<span class="nb">local</span> SURE
<span class="nb">read</span> SURE
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$SURE</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"yes"</span> <span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
stop
rm -f <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$PIDFILE</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"Notice: log file is not be removed: '</span><span class="nv">$LOGFILE</span><span class="s2">'"</span> ><span class="p">&</span><span class="m">2</span>
update-rc.d -f <NAME> remove
rm -fv <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$0</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="s2">"</span> in
start<span class="o">)</span>
start
<span class="p">;;</span>
stop<span class="o">)</span>
stop
<span class="p">;;</span>
uninstall<span class="o">)</span>
uninstall
<span class="p">;;</span>
restart<span class="o">)</span>
stop
start
<span class="p">;;</span>
*<span class="o">)</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"Usage: </span><span class="nv">$0</span><span class="s2"> {start|stop|restart|uninstall}"</span>
<span class="k">esac</span>
</pre></div>
</article>
</div>
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``` |
```java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package jdk.graal.compiler.core.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.BytecodeDisassembler;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import jdk.vm.ci.meta.ResolvedJavaMethod;
import jdk.vm.ci.meta.ResolvedJavaType;
public class BytecodeDisassemblerTest extends GraalCompilerTest {
/**
* Tests the disassembler by processing all the classes in {@code java.base} with the possible
* set of disassembler configurations being cycled through randomly.
*/
@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
disassembleClasses(gatherClasses());
}
private static List<Class<?>> gatherClasses() throws IOException {
List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<>();
FileSystem fs = FileSystems.newFileSystem(URI.create("jrt:/"), Collections.emptyMap());
Path top = fs.getPath("/modules/");
Files.find(top, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
(path, attrs) -> attrs.isRegularFile()).forEach(p -> {
int nameCount = p.getNameCount();
if (nameCount > 2) {
String base = p.getName(nameCount - 1).toString();
if (base.endsWith(".class") && !base.equals("module-info.class")) {
String module = p.getName(1).toString();
if (module.equals("java.base")) {
String className = p.subpath(2, nameCount).toString().replace('/', '.');
className = className.replace('/', '.').substring(0, className.length() - ".class".length());
Class<?> cl = loadClass(className);
if (cl != null) {
classes.add(cl);
}
}
}
}
});
return classes;
}
private void disassembleClasses(List<Class<?>> classes) {
Random random = getRandomInstance();
String[] newLines = {null, "\n", "\r\n"};
for (Class<?> c : classes) {
String newLine = newLines[random.nextInt(3)];
boolean multiline = newLine != null && random.nextBoolean();
boolean format = random.nextBoolean();
BytecodeDisassembler.CPIFunction f = random.nextBoolean() ? BytecodeDisassembler.CPIFunction.normalizer() : BytecodeDisassembler.CPIFunction.Identity;
BytecodeDisassembler disassembler = new BytecodeDisassembler(multiline, newLine, format, f);
ResolvedJavaType type = getMetaAccess().lookupJavaType(c);
ResolvedJavaMethod[] methods = type.getDeclaredMethods();
for (ResolvedJavaMethod m : methods) {
int codeSize = m.getCodeSize();
String dis = disassembler.disassemble(m);
if (codeSize <= 0) {
Assert.assertNull(m.toString(), dis);
} else {
Assert.assertNotEquals(m.toString(), 0, dis.length());
}
}
}
}
private static Class<?> loadClass(String className) {
try {
return Class.forName(className, false, ClassLoader.getPlatformClassLoader());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new AssertionError(e);
}
}
}
``` |
The Rural Economy and Agriculture Committee of the African Union's Economic, Social and Cultural Council deals with:
Rural economy
Agriculture and food security
Livestock
Environment
Natural resources
Desertification
The Chairperson of the Committee is Patrick Kayemba.
Sectoral Cluster Committees of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council
Agriculture in Africa |
```shell
#!/bin/sh
set -x
while true; do
if ! /usr/sbin/vsftpd; then
echo "vsftpd exited unexpectedly. Restarting..."
sleep 1
fi
done
``` |
Anamaria Nesteriuc (born 29 November 1993) is a Romanian athlete specialising in the sprint hurdles.
Born in Cluj-Napoca, she represented her country at the 2018 World Indoor Championships without reaching the semifinals.
Her personal bests are 13.19 seconds in the 100 metres hurdles (+1.5 m/s, Novi Pazar 2017) and 8.17 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (Istanbul 2018).
International competitions
References
1993 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Cluj-Napoca
Romanian female hurdlers
Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy alumni
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade bronze medalists for Romania
Medalists at the 2017 Summer Universiade
European Games competitors for Romania
Athletes (track and field) at the 2019 European Games
21st-century Romanian women
21st-century Romanian people
Athletes (track and field) at the 2023 European Games |
Erden Alkan (born 12 February 1941) is a Turkish actor living in Germany. He studied at the Max Reinhardt Theatre School in Vienna after graduating from Vefa High School in Istanbul.
Filmography
References
External links
1941 births
Turkish emigrants to Germany
German male television actors
Turkish male television actors
Living people
German male film actors
Turkish male film actors
20th-century German male actors
21st-century German male actors |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package oci
import (
"testing"
specs "github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
)
func TestWithEnv(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s := specs.Spec{}
s.Process = &specs.Process{
Env: []string{"DEFAULT=test"},
}
WithEnv([]string{"env=1"})(nil, nil, nil, &s)
if len(s.Process.Env) != 2 {
t.Fatal("didn't append")
}
WithEnv([]string{"env2=1"})(nil, nil, nil, &s)
if len(s.Process.Env) != 3 {
t.Fatal("didn't append")
}
WithEnv([]string{"env2=2"})(nil, nil, nil, &s)
if s.Process.Env[2] != "env2=2" {
t.Fatal("could't update")
}
WithEnv([]string{"env2"})(nil, nil, nil, &s)
if len(s.Process.Env) != 2 {
t.Fatal("coudn't unset")
}
}
func TestWithMounts(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s := specs.Spec{
Mounts: []specs.Mount{
{
Source: "default-source",
Destination: "default-dest",
},
},
}
WithMounts([]specs.Mount{
{
Source: "new-source",
Destination: "new-dest",
},
})(nil, nil, nil, &s)
if len(s.Mounts) != 2 {
t.Fatal("didn't append")
}
if s.Mounts[1].Source != "new-source" {
t.Fatal("invaid mount")
}
if s.Mounts[1].Destination != "new-dest" {
t.Fatal("invaid mount")
}
}
``` |
Kevin Dent (born May 31, 1967) is a former American football safety. He played for Jackson State from 1985 to 1988. During his four years at the school, Jackson State won 27 of 28 conference games, and Dent became the only Jackson State player to be named an All-American three times.
After his college career, the Arizona Cardinals signed Dent as a free agent but released him before the season. He played for the Birmingham Fire of the World Football League and the Tampa Bay Storm of the Arena Football League before a career-ending neck injury.
Dent was a native of Vicksburg, Mississippi and attended Vicksburg High School. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2006.
References
1967 births
Living people
Players of American football from Vicksburg, Mississippi
American football safeties
Jackson State Tigers football players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees |
Allegations of apartheid have been made about various countries.
China
The privileging of the Han people in ethnic minority areas outside of China proper, such as the Uyghur-majority Xinjiang and the central government's policy of settlement in Tibet, and the alleged erosion of indigenous religion, language and culture through repressive measures (such as the Han Bingtuan militia in Xinjiang) and sinicization have been likened to "cultural genocide" and apartheid by some activists. With regards to Chinese settlements in Tibet, in 1991 the Dalai Lama declared:
The new Chinese settlers have created an alternate society: a Chinese apartheid which, denying Tibetans equal social and economic status in our own land, threatens to finally overwhelm and absorb us.
Additionally, the traditional residential system of hukou has been likened to apartheid due to its classification of 'rural' and 'urban' residency status, and is sometimes likened to a form of caste system. In recent years, the system has undergone reform, with an expansion of urban residency permits in order to accommodate more migrant workers.
Iran
Iran has been compared for having behaviour like a religious segregation or sex segregation in Iran apartheid by different parties.
Israel
Malaysia
Due to the concept of Ketuanan Melayu enshrined in the country's constitution, which directly translates to "Malay Supremacy", as well as Bumiputera, Malaysia's structural institutions has been noted by many opposition groups, government critics and human rights observers as being analogous to apartheid in various forms. This has been noted specifically against its citizens who are of ethnic Chinese and Indian descent, as well as other various minorities. In Malaysia, a citizen that is not considered to be bumiputera face many roadblocks and discrimination in matters such as economic freedom, education, healthcare and housing, leading to a de facto second-class citizen status. Malaysia is also not a signatory of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), one of the only few countries in the world not to do so. A possible ratification in 2018 led to an anti-ICERD mass rally by Malay supremacists at the country's capital to prevent it, threatening a racial conflict if it does happen.
Examples include in education, whereby the country's pre-university matriculation programmes specifically has a 90:10 admissions quota that favours bumiputera students, despite bumiputeras already making up a majority in the country. In addition, government-funded public universities such as Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) exclusively only permits bumiputera citizens as students. In addition, the ownership of land significantly differs between citizens depending on race. For example, numerous plots of land throughout the country, a significant factor needed for housing, are usually reserved only for either bumiputeras and Malays, also known as Bumiputera Lot or Malay Reserved Land (MRL). MRL's are specifically available only for Malays, with even non-Malay bumiputeras not eligible.
In 2006, prominent activist Marina Mahathir described the status of Muslim women in Malaysia as gender apartheid and similar to that of the apartheid system in South Africa. Mahathir's remarks were made in response to a new Islamic law that enables men to divorce or take up to four wives. The law also granted husbands more authority over their wives' property. In response, Conservative groups such as the Malaysian Muslim Professionals Forum (MMPF) criticized her comments for insulting Sharia law. In 2009, politician Boo Cheng Hau compared "bumiputeraism" with state apartheid; as a result Boo faced intense criticisms and death threats by the governing United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), which is a part of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He was also called into questioning by the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). In 2015, human rights activist Shafiqah Othman Hamzah also noted that the practice of apartheid policies against different religions in Malaysia is institutionalised and widespread, adding that "What we are living in Malaysia is almost no different from apartheid." In 2021, a group of Malaysian women launched a class-action lawsuit against the government over outdated citizenship laws, which risks trapping women in abusive relationships and can leave children stateless.
Such policies have also caused significant rates of human capital flight or brain drain from Malaysia. A study by Stanford University highlighted that among the main factors behind the Malaysian brain drain include social injustice. It stated that the high rates of emigration of non-bumiputera Malaysians from the country is driven by discriminatory policies that appear to favour Malays/Bumiputeras—such as providing exclusive additional assistance in starting businesses and educational opportunities.
Myanmar
Since Myanmar's transition to relative democratic rule beginning in 2010, the government's response to the Rohingya genocide has been widely condemned, and has been described as an ethnic cleansing by the United Nations, ICC officials, and other governments.
Myanmar's current policies towards the Rohingya population include ethnic segregation, limited access to resources (comparable to the bantustan system), a lack of civil rights, ID card and special permit systems without any guarantee of citizenship (akin to the pass laws), restrictions on movement, and even institutionalized racial definitions, with the Rohingya being officially labelled as "Bengali races". In 2017, Amnesty International issued a report accusing Myanmar of committing the crime of apartheid against the Rohingya. Additionally, the UN has explicitly condemned Myanmar over creating an apartheid state, threatening to withdraw aid from the country.
North Korea
In an anonymous News24 opinion piece, the African National Congress Youth League was criticized for its praise of former North Korean leader Kim Jong-il after his death (the North Koreans provided support to the African National Congress and other anti-apartheid movements). Parallels were made between North Korea and apartheid South Africa, including institutionalized ideas of racial purity, the heavy restrictions on letting foreign citizens live in the country, and the living conditions in North Korea outside of Pyongyang being compared to South Africa's bantustan system. Other points of comparison have included the songbun system being equivalent to the Population Registration Act, both states having developed nuclear weapons for self-defense purposes, international isolation, and the proliferation of race myths in national history.
Nigeria
Nigerian Vice President Yemi Osinbajo criticized the country's practice of denying economic and educational opportunities to citizens based on their ethnic or ancestral origin, comparing it to apartheid.
Qatar
Several human rights groups have compared Qatar's discriminatory treatment of the migrant workers that make up 90% of its population to apartheid.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's treatment of religious minorities has been described by both Saudis and non-Saudis as "apartheid" and "religious apartheid".
Alan Dershowitz wrote in 2002, "in Saudi Arabia apartheid is practiced against non-Muslims, with signs indicating that Muslims must go to certain areas and non-Muslims to others."
In 2003, Amir Taheri quoted a Shi'ite businessman from Dhahran as saying "It is not normal that there are no Shi'ite army officers, ministers, governors, mayors and ambassadors in this kingdom. This form of religious apartheid is as intolerable as was apartheid based on race."
Testifying before the U.S. Congressional Human Rights Caucus on 4 June 2002, in a briefing entitled "Human Rights in Saudi Arabia: The Role of Women", Ali Al-Ahmed, Director of the Saudi Institute, stated:
Saudi Arabia is a glaring example of religious apartheid. The religious institutions from government clerics to judges, to religious curricula, and all religious instructions in media are restricted to the Wahhabi understanding of Islam, adhered to by less than 40% of the population. The Saudi government communized Islam, through its monopoly of both religious thoughts and practice. Wahhabi Islam is imposed and enforced on all Saudis regardless of their religious orientations. The Wahhabi sect does not tolerate other religious or ideological beliefs, Muslim or not. Religious symbols by Muslims, Christians, Jews and other believers are all banned. The Saudi embassy in Washington is a living example of religious apartheid. In its 50 years, there has not been a single non-Sunni Muslim diplomat in the embassy. The branch of Imam Mohamed Bin Saud University in Fairfax, Virginia instructs its students that Shia Islam is a Jewish conspiracy.
On 14 December 2005, Republican Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen and Democratic Representative Shelley Berkley introduced a bill in Congress urging American divestiture from Saudi Arabia, and giving as its rationale (among other things) "Saudi Arabia is a country that practices religious apartheid and continuously subjugates its citizenry, both Muslim and non-Muslim, to a specific interpretation of Islam." Freedom House showed on its website, on a page tiled "Religious apartheid in Saudi Arabia", a picture of a sign showing Muslim-only and non-Muslim roads.
South Africa
The name of the crime comes from a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP), the governing party from 1948 to 1994. Under apartheid, the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants and other ethnic groups were curtailed, and white minority rule was maintained. Notably, South Africa's post-apartheid Constitution does not mention or prohibit the crime of apartheid.
Sudan
In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs. Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudan's non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of "deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.
American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens. According to Ayittey, "In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid." Many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apartheid.
Alan Dershowitz labeled Sudan an example of a government that "actually deserve(s)" the appellation "apartheid". Former Canadian Minister of Justice Irwin Cotler echoed the accusation.
United States
Some observers have described the United States as an apartheid state based on examples of systemic oppression against African Americans, Native Americans, and other people of color.
A 1994 paper on "The Legacy of American Apartheid and Environmental Racism" by scholar Robert Bullard described housing discrimination, residential segregation, and differential exposure to air pollution as evidence of ongoing "Apartheid American Style". Michelle Alexander has referred to the country's disproportionate incarceration of African Americans as "a form of apartheid unlike any the world has ever seen," since it puts the victims behind bars rather than "merely shunting black people to the other side of town or corralling them in ghettos."
Historian Nick Estes has referred to the United States' history of pushing Indigenous nations onto smaller and smaller reservations as comprising "a new spatial arrangement of apartheid." Journalist Stephanie Woodard argues that the term "apartheid" is "an apt description of the relationship between the United States and its first peoples ... If a tribe wants to build a housing development or protect a sacred site, if a tribal member wants to start a business or plant a field, a federal agency can modify or scuttle the plans. Conversely, if a corporation or other outside interest covets reservation land or resources, the federal government becomes an obsequious bondservant, helping the non-Native entity get what it wants at bargain-basement prices."
Legal scholar Steven Newcomb has argued that, since the Supreme Court decided Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823, federal law has officially endorsed "a doctrine of Christian dominion over the American Indian." The decision, which has never been overturned, established a "doctrine of discovery" that gave Europeans full sovereignty over land that had been inhabited by Indigenous people. Newcomb asserts that the decision's author John Marshall applied a "double standard" by denying sovereignty rights to the prior and original discoverers. Based on the decision's reference to the discovery rights of "Christian people" and on the account of Marshall's Supreme Court colleague Joseph Story, Newcomb establishes that the Johnson decision is based in Christian law, specifically the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera. Newcomb concludes that the doctrine of discovery violates federal law's separation of church and state.
References
Apartheid |
The Center for the Arts is the name of many venues, including:
United States
Cantor Arts Center (Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University), Stanford, California
Hopkins Center for the Arts, Hanover, New Hampshire
Interlochen Center for the Arts, Interlochen, Michigan
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington, D. C.
Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, New York City, New York
Montalvo Arts Center, Saratoga, California
Overture Center for the Arts, Madison, Wisconsin
Segerstrom Center for the Arts, Costa Mesa, California
Wexner Center for the Arts, Columbus, Ohio |
The 2016–17 UEFA Youth League knockout phase (play-offs and round of 16 onwards) began on 7 February 2017 and concluded on 24 April 2017 with the final at Colovray Stadium in Nyon, Switzerland, to decide the champions of the 2016–17 UEFA Youth League. A total of 24 teams competed in the knockout phase.
Times up to 25 March 2017 (play-offs, round of 16 and quarter-finals) are CET (UTC+1), thereafter times (semi-finals and final) are CEST (UTC+2).
Round and draw dates
The schedule of the knockout phase is as follows (all draws are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland).
Format
The knockout phase involves 24 teams: 16 teams which qualify from the UEFA Champions League Path (eight group winners and eight group runners-up), and eight teams which qualify from the Domestic Champions Path (eight second round winners):
The eight group winners from the UEFA Champions League Path enter the round of 16.
The eight group runners-up from the UEFA Champions League Path and the eight second round winners from the Domestic Champions Path enter the play-offs. The eight play-off winners advance to the round of 16.
Each tie in the knockout phase is played over one match. If the scores are level after full-time, the match is decided by a penalty shoot-out (no extra time is played).
The mechanism of the draws for each round is as follows:
In the draw for the play-offs, the eight second round winners from the Domestic Champions Path are drawn against the eight group runners-up from the UEFA Champions League Path, with the teams from the Domestic Champions Path hosting the match. Teams from the same association cannot be drawn against each other.
In the draw for the round of 16, the eight group winners from the UEFA Champions League Path are drawn against the eight play-off winners. Teams from the same UEFA Champions League Path group cannot be drawn against each other, but teams from the same association can be drawn against each other. The draw also decides the home team for each round of 16 match.
In the draws for the quarter-finals onwards, there are no seedings, and teams from the same UEFA Champions League Path group or the same association can be drawn against each other. The draws also decide the home team for each quarter-final, and the "home" team for administrative purposes for each semi-final and final (which are played at a neutral venue).
On 17 July 2014, the UEFA emergency panel ruled that Ukrainian and Russian clubs would not be drawn against each other "until further notice" due to the political unrest between the countries. This restriction, if necessary, applies to the draws for the play-offs, round of 16 and quarter-finals (should such meeting be possible given that the identity of the quarter-finalists are not known at the time of the draw), where matches are hosted by one of the teams, but not to the semi-finals and final, which are played at a neutral venue.
Qualified teams
UEFA Champions League Path
Domestic Champions Path
Play-offs
The draw for the play-offs was held on 12 December 2016, 14:00 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The play-offs were played on 7 and 8 February 2017.
|}
Bracket (round of 16 onwards)
The draw for the round of 16 onwards was held on 10 February 2017, 13:00 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.
Round of 16
The round of 16 matches were played on 21 and 22 February 2017.
|}
Quarter-finals
The quarter-finals were played on 7 and 8 March 2017.
|}
Semi-finals
The semi-finals were played on 21 April 2017 at Colovray Stadium, Nyon.
|}
Final
The final was played on 24 April 2017 at Colovray Stadium, Nyon.
References
External links
2016–17 UEFA Youth League
3 |
Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) is a nationally ranked, freestanding acute care children's hospital in the East Hollywood district of Los Angeles, on Sunset Boulevard at the corner of Vermont Avenue. The hospital has been academically affiliated with the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California since 1932 and the hospital features 401 pediatric beds. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults generally aged 0–21 throughout California and the west coast. The hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. The hospital has a rooftop helipad and is an ACS verified level I pediatric trauma center, one of a few in the region. The hospital features a regional pediatric intensive-care unit and an American Academy of Pediatrics verified level IV neonatal intensive care unit.
U.S. News & World Report ranks CHLA as the fifth best children's hospital in the United States and the best in California. It has also received Magnet Recognition from the American Nurses Credentialing Center.
About
While most of the children admitted come from Los Angeles County, others come from the seven-county area near Los Angeles that includes Kern, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara and Ventura counties. Additional referrals come from elsewhere around the world.
CHLA also has five outpatient specialty centers (located in Arcadia, Encino, Santa Monica, South Bay/Torrance, Glendale, and Valencia), as well as dozens of specialty physician offices across the Los Angeles Area.
The hospital does not turn away patients regardless of socioeconomic status or insurance coverage.
On the 2020-21 rankings the hospital was ranked as the #5 best children's hospital in the United States by U.S. News & World Report on the publications' honor roll list.
In November 2020, Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson collaborated with Microsoft and billionaire Bill Gates to donate Xbox Series X consoles to Children's Hospital Los Angeles along with 19 other children's hospitals throughout the country.
Research and education
Children's Hospital Los Angeles is home to The Saban Research Institute (TSRI), one of the largest and most productive pediatric research centers in the Western United States. The institution conducts laboratory, clinical, translational and community research designed to investigate the developmental origins of health and disease. More than 400 faculty collaborate to combat cancer, heart disease, brain disorders, autism, obesity and diabetes, among other devastating pediatric conditions. The hospital is the eighth most productive center in the nation, as measured by its funding levels from the National Institutes of Health—which provides highly competitive grants to researchers.
Training programs include 364 medical students, 277 student shadowers, 93 full-time residents, three chief residents and 127 fellows. For the past 19 years, 96 percent of those graduating from the CHLA Residency Program passed the American Board of Pediatrics exam on the first attempt, well above the national average of 75 to 80 percent.
In 2013, Stanley Black donated a $15 million to fund research and clinical care programs; CHLA's Gateway Building was renamed the Joyce and Stanley Black Family Building.
University affiliation
The hospital has been academically affiliated with the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California since 1932. Physician leaders all hold faculty appointments at USC.
Leadership
The president and CEO is Paul S. Viviano who joined the institution in August 2015.
Sunset Bridge
Children's Hospital Los Angeles has a bridge across Sunset Boulevard. The hospital's main bridge connects its north and south sides of its main campus with a bridge that crosses Sunset Boulevard, an iconic thoroughfare that traverses Hollywood and a major section of Los Angeles.
The 40-ton, 117-foot-long walkway bridge was bolted into place above Sunset Boulevard between Vermont Avenue and Rodney Drive in October 2012 and was dedicated in March 2013.
Construction of the Los Angeles city landmark was jointly supported by two of Los Angeles' most significant philanthropists, Cheryl Saban, PhD, and Marion Anderson, who, along with their spouses Haim Saban and the late John Edward Anderson, jointly funded the $10 million project.
Awards
Children's Hospital Los Angeles is rated by U.S. News & World Report as a Best Children's Hospital and is ranked in all 10 specialties listed by the report.
Notable patients
Gabriel Fernandez (February 20, 2005 – May 24, 2013) — American boy who was abused and tortured by parents.
Genie (born 1957) — feral child who was abused, beaten, and neglected by parents.
Notable staff
Scott E. Fraser — professor
Marion Jorgensen (March 18, 1912 – June 18, 2008) — honorary trustee who served on the board of colleagues
See also
UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital
List of children's hospitals in the United States
Keck School of Medicine of USC
References
External links
This hospital in the CA Healthcare Atlas A project by OSHPD
Keck School of Medicine of USC
Teaching hospitals in California
Children's hospitals in the United States
Hospitals in Los Angeles
Healthcare in Los Angeles
Hospitals established in 1901
East Hollywood, Los Angeles
Pediatric trauma centers |
Luis Fernándo Diaz Zuñiga (born 17 October 2000) Yefri Zúñiga is rapper and a Colombianfootballer who plays for Atlético Vega Real and the Colombian national team as a centre back. He also holds Spanish citizenship.
Club career
Born in San Cristóbal, Reyes moved to Llanes in 2002, aged seven, and developed his youth career mostly at CD Llanes, except for the final year, which he played at CD Roces. He made his senior debuts for Llanes on 11 November 2012, in Tercera División.
International career
Reyes made his international debut for Dominican Republic on 26 March 2016, starting in a 1–2 loss against Curaçao for the 2017 Caribbean Cup qualification.
References
External links
Yefri Reyes at LaPreferente.com
Yefri Reyes at Resultados-Futbol.com
1995 births
Living people
Sportspeople from San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Tercera División players
Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol players
Dominican Republic men's international footballers
Dominican Republic emigrants to Spain
Naturalised citizens of Spain
Spanish men's footballers
Deportivo Rayo Cantabria players
Liga Dominicana de Fútbol players |
```c
/*
*
* in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
* path_to_url
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "internal/cryptlib.h"
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DES
# include <openssl/evp.h>
# include <openssl/objects.h>
# include "internal/evp_int.h"
# include <openssl/des.h>
static int desx_cbc_init_key(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx, const unsigned char *key,
const unsigned char *iv, int enc);
static int desx_cbc_cipher(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx, unsigned char *out,
const unsigned char *in, size_t inl);
typedef struct {
DES_key_schedule ks; /* key schedule */
DES_cblock inw;
DES_cblock outw;
} DESX_CBC_KEY;
# define data(ctx) EVP_C_DATA(DESX_CBC_KEY,ctx)
static const EVP_CIPHER d_xcbc_cipher = {
NID_desx_cbc,
8, 24, 8,
EVP_CIPH_CBC_MODE,
desx_cbc_init_key,
desx_cbc_cipher,
NULL,
sizeof(DESX_CBC_KEY),
EVP_CIPHER_set_asn1_iv,
EVP_CIPHER_get_asn1_iv,
NULL,
NULL
};
const EVP_CIPHER *EVP_desx_cbc(void)
{
return (&d_xcbc_cipher);
}
static int desx_cbc_init_key(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx, const unsigned char *key,
const unsigned char *iv, int enc)
{
DES_cblock *deskey = (DES_cblock *)key;
DES_set_key_unchecked(deskey, &data(ctx)->ks);
memcpy(&data(ctx)->inw[0], &key[8], 8);
memcpy(&data(ctx)->outw[0], &key[16], 8);
return 1;
}
static int desx_cbc_cipher(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx, unsigned char *out,
const unsigned char *in, size_t inl)
{
while (inl >= EVP_MAXCHUNK) {
DES_xcbc_encrypt(in, out, (long)EVP_MAXCHUNK, &data(ctx)->ks,
(DES_cblock *)EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_noconst(ctx),
&data(ctx)->inw, &data(ctx)->outw,
EVP_CIPHER_CTX_encrypting(ctx));
inl -= EVP_MAXCHUNK;
in += EVP_MAXCHUNK;
out += EVP_MAXCHUNK;
}
if (inl)
DES_xcbc_encrypt(in, out, (long)inl, &data(ctx)->ks,
(DES_cblock *)EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_noconst(ctx),
&data(ctx)->inw, &data(ctx)->outw,
EVP_CIPHER_CTX_encrypting(ctx));
return 1;
}
#endif
``` |
Equiangular may refer to:
Equiangular lines, a set of lines where every pair of lines makes the same angle
Equiangular polygon, a polygon with equal angles
Logarithmic spiral or equiangular spiral, a type of geometric spiral
Unicode symbol represents the equiangular relation
sv:Likvinklig |
Joannes Baptista Sproll (2 October 1870 – 4 March 1949) was a German bishop and prominent opponent of the Nazi regime.
Sproll was born in Schweinhausen, near Biberach, the son of a street mender, Josef Sproll, and his wife, Anna Maria née Freuer. He attended the Latin school in Biberach and the Gymnasium Ehingen. He studied Catholic theology at the University of Tübingen from 1890 to 1894. In 1898, he received his Ph.D. for his work on the history of the law and constitution of the Tübingen monastery of St. George. On 14 June 1927 he became the Bishop of Rottenburg.
During the Nazi era, Sproll often spoke out against the regime, and his abstention from the plebiscite over the Anschluss led to preliminary proceedings and staged demonstrations against him. At the end of August 1938, Sproll was expelled from his diocese and could not return again until 1945. On 1 August 1940 Conrad Gröber, Archbishop of Freiburg, and the Vicar General of the Diocese of Rottenburg (acting for Sproll) protested against the euthanasia programmes in Grafeneck; this was also the year of the protest of the Bishop of Münster, Clemens August Graf von Galen. Sproll died in 1949 in Rottenburg am Neckar.
References
1870 births
1949 deaths
People from Biberach (district)
Roman Catholic bishops of Rottenburg
Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Lords |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\DriveActivity;
class DriveFile extends \Google\Model
{
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(DriveFile::class, 'Google_Service_DriveActivity_DriveFile');
``` |
Erythrolamprus semiaureus is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is found in Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.
References
Erythrolamprus
Reptiles of Paraguay
Reptiles of Argentina
Reptiles described in 1862
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope |
Loeser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Arthur E. Loeser (born 1903), appointed to the United States Naval Academy on 15 August 1923
Ewald Loeser (1888–1970), German lawyer
François Loeser (born 1958), French mathematician
Hans F. Loeser (1920–2010), American lawyer
Wilhelm Loeser (1876–1953), American physician and pharmacist |
Mini Monsters is an EP release by Christian rock group Jars of Clay, which preceded the release of their 2006 studio album, Good Monsters. The EP was released exclusively through online digital music stores, such as iTunes, Walmart.com, etc. The track "Love Me" is a B-side from the recording sessions of Good Monsters.
Track listing
Note: All tracks written by Charlie Lowell, Dan Haseltine, Matt Odmark, Stephen Mason, unless otherwise noted
"Work" (Radio Edit) - 3:39
"Dead Man (Carry Me)" - 3:19
"Love Me" - 3:11
2006 EPs
Jars of Clay EPs
Essential Records (Christian) EPs |
Zbigniew Ryszard Kozak (born 3 April 1961 in Gdynia) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 7,901 votes in 26 Gdynia district as a candidate from the Law and Justice list.
See also
Members of Polish Sejm 2005-2007
External links
Zbigniew Kozak - parliamentary page - includes declarations of interest, voting record, and transcripts of speeches.
1961 births
Living people
People from Gdynia
Members of the Polish Sejm 2005–2007
Law and Justice politicians
Members of the Polish Sejm 2007–2011 |
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is an inflammatory syndrome caused by a delayed (aka type-IV) hypersensitivity reaction to one or more antigens. The triggering antigen is usually a bacterial protein (particularly from Staphylococcus aureus), but may also be a virus, fungus (particularly Candida albicans), or nematode.
Symptoms
Irritation
Discomfort or pain
Foreign-body sensation
Tearing
Blepharospasm
Photophobia
Mucopurulent discharge (rarely)
In cases where the cornea is affected, pain and photophobia are more likely, and corneal scarring can occur (potentially impairing vision).
Presentation
The syndrome is marked by the appearance of characteristic lesions, known as phlyctenules, on the cornea and/or conjunctiva. These usually manifest as small (1 - 3 or 1 - 4 mm) raised nodules, pinkish-white or yellow in color, which may ulcerate (or, more rarely, necrose) and are often surrounded by dilated blood vessels. Corneal lesions are usually triangular in shape, with the base at the limbus and the apex pointing towards the center of the cornea.
Diagnosis
Clinical findings of corneal lesion or corneal ulceration.
Treatment
The symptoms of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis are primarily treated with application of an appropriate corticosteroid eye drop, such as prednisolone acetate (Pred Forte) or loteprednol (Lotemax). Loteprednol is increasingly preferred due to its lower risk of elevating intraocular pressure. The corticosteroid suppresses the immune response, reducing inflammation and improving most symptoms.
The causative agent (i.e. the source of the antigen that triggered the hypersensitive immune response) should also be identified. Staphylococcus aureus is usually the primary suspect, along with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in areas where TB is endemic, followed by Chlamydia trachomatis. Active bacterial infections may be treated with a topical antibiotic or a combination antibiotic-steroid eye drop, such as tobramycin/dexamethasone (Tobradex). An oral tetracycline antibiotic (such as doxycycline) may be used in systemic or particularly severe/intractable infections. Erythromycin may be an effective alternative, especially in pediatric cases where the side effects of tetracyclines are unacceptable.
Artificial tears can reduce dryness and discomfort from corneal lesions. Photophobic discomfort can be mitigated with dark sunglasses.
See also
Blepharitis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Keratoconjunctivitis
Corneal abrasion
References
Eye diseases |
Wadi Sirhan (; translation: "Valley of Sirhan") is a wide depression in the northwestern Arabian Peninsula. It runs from the Azraq oasis in Jordan southeastward into Saudi Arabia, where most of the valley is located. It historically served as a major trade and transportation route between Syria and Arabia. From antiquity until the early 20th century, control of Wadi Sirhan was often contested by various Arab tribes. The valley is named after the Sirhan tribe which migrated there in the mid-17th century.
Geography
Wadi Sirhan is a wide, enclosed depression that starts in the Azraq oasis in Jordan and runs southeast into Saudi Arabia, ending in the wells of Maybuʿ. Its breadth varies . According to the historian Irfan Shahid, "the term wādī, which suggests a narrow passageway, might seem misapplied" to Wadi Sirhan, a "broad lowland". The Czech explorer Alois Musil described it as a "sandy, marshy lowland" with scattered hillocks.
History
Wadi Sirhan historically served as an important trade route between Arabia and Syria. The Assyrian king Esarhaddon launched a campaign against the Bazu and Khazu tribes in Wadi Sirhan in the 7th century BCE.
Roman and Byzantine eras
The basin continued to serve as an important route during the Roman era, connecting the Arabia Petraea province with the Arabian Peninsula. Though its strategic value emanated from its role as a gateway for trans-Arabian trade and transportation, Wadi Sirhan was also a significant source of salt. At its northern end, it was guarded by the fortress of Azraq, while its southern end was guarded by the fortress of Dumat al-Jandal. At both forts inscriptions were found indicating the presence of troops from the Bosra-based Legio III Cyrenaica.
Wadi Sirhan was the home region from which the Salihids entered Syria and became the principal Arab federates of the Byzantine Empire throughout the 5th century CE. When the Salihids were succeeded by the Ghassanids at the beginning of the 6th century, Wadi Sirhan became dominated by the latter's allies, the Banu Kalb. The Ghassanids were charged by the Byzantines with supervision over the region after Emperor Justinian I dismantled the Limes Arabicus, a series of garrisoned fortifications guarding the empire's eastern desert frontiers, . The Ghassanids and the Kalb essentially supplanted the limes. The Ghassanid phylarch Arethas passed through the depression on his way to defeating the Banu Tamim. Likewise, Alqama, a poet of the latter tribe passed through Wadi Sirhan to meet with Arethas to lobby for his brother's release from captivity.
Early Islamic era
Following the Muslim conquest in 634 CE, the basin became an often fought over frontier between the Banu Kalb and their distant kinsmen from the Banu al-Qayn.
Modern era
The lowland gained its current name following the migration of the Sirhan tribe, purported descendants of the Banu Kalb, to the Dumat al-Jandal region from the Hauran . Before their migration, Wadi Sirhan was known as Wadi al-Azraq after the Azraq oasis.
T.E. Lawrence referred to the Wadi, during the Arab Revolt, "We found the Sirhan not a valley, but a long fault draining the country on each side of it and collecting the waters into the successive depressions of its bed."
By the late 19th century, the Ruwalla were the predominant Bedouin tribe of Wadi Sirhan. The emir of the tribe, Nuri Shalan, was a signatory of the Hadda Agreement between the Emirate of Transjordan and the Sultanate of Nejd, the precursors of modern-day Jordan and Saudi Arabia, respectively. The treaty resulted in most of Wadi Sirhan becoming part of Saudi Arabia, while Jordan retained the basin's northwestern corner around Azraq.
See also
Al Harrah, Saudi Arabia
References
Bibliography
Valleys of Saudi Arabia
Depressions of Jordan |
, is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Sōtō school of Japanese Zen located in the city of Sakata, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Its main image is a statue of Sho-Kannon bosatsu. The Japanese garden at this temple was designated a National Place of Scenic Beauty in 1996.
History
Sōkō-ji was founded in 1384 by Getsuan Ryoen (1348-1425), under the sponsorship of local warlord Satō Masanobu, a descendant of the famed warrior Satō Tsugunobu, who was killed at the Battle of Yashima while defending Minamoto no Yoshitsune. The temple gate was completed in 1811. The temple served as the bodaiji of the successive daimyō of Dewa-Matsuyama Domain, a subsidiary domain of Shōnai Domain.
The temple garden was reconstructed in 1756 in the style of Kobori Enshū after most of the temple was destroyed in a fire. Also of note at the temple is a row of 120 cryptomeria trees lining the entry to the temple, which are trimmed in a form of topiary art to resemble mushrooms. These trees are over 400 years old, and are a Yamagata Prefectural Natural Monument.
The temple is located ten minutes by car from Amarume Station on the JR East Uetsu Main Line.
See also
List of Places of Scenic Beauty of Japan (Yamagata)
References
External links
Sakata City tourist information
Cultural Assets of Yamagata Prefecture
Buddhist temples in Yamagata Prefecture
Sakata, Yamagata
Soto Zen
Dewa Province |
Kelly Jones and Robert Van't Hof were the defending champions, but Jones did not participate this year. Van't Hof partnered Brian Garrow, losing in the first round.
Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez won the title, defeating Grant Connell and Glenn Michibata 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 in the final.
Seeds
Grant Connell / Glenn Michibata (final)
Sergio Casal / Emilio Sánchez (champions)
Omar Camporese / Javier Sánchez (quarterfinals)
Eric Jelen / Udo Riglewski (first round)
Draw
Draw
External links
Draw
ATP Auckland Open
1991 ATP Tour |
```java
/*
This file is part of the iText (R) project.
Authors: Apryse Software.
This program is offered under a commercial and under the AGPL license.
For commercial licensing, contact us at path_to_url For AGPL licensing, see below.
AGPL licensing:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
package com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.filters;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfName;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Encapsulates filter behavior for PDF streams. Classes generally interace with this
* using the static getDefaultFilterHandlers() method, then obtain the desired {@link IFilterHandler}
* via a lookup.
*/
// Dev note: we eventually want to refactor PdfReader so all of the existing filter functionality is moved into this class
// it may also be better to split the sub-classes out into a separate package
public final class FilterHandlers {
/**
* The default {@link IFilterHandler}s used by iText
*/
private static final Map<PdfName, IFilterHandler> defaults;
static {
Map<PdfName, IFilterHandler> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(PdfName.FlateDecode, new FlateDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.Fl, new FlateDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.ASCIIHexDecode, new ASCIIHexDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.AHx, new ASCIIHexDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.ASCII85Decode, new ASCII85DecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.A85, new ASCII85DecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.LZWDecode, new LZWDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.CCITTFaxDecode, new CCITTFaxDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.Crypt, new DoNothingFilter());
map.put(PdfName.RunLengthDecode, new RunLengthDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.DCTDecode, new DctDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.JPXDecode, new JpxDecodeFilter());
defaults = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
}
/**
* @return the default {@link IFilterHandler}s used by iText
*/
public static Map<PdfName, IFilterHandler> getDefaultFilterHandlers() {
return defaults;
}
}
``` |
The 1959–60 Tercera División season was the 24th since its establishment.
League table
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Source:
Group 5
Group 6
Group 7
Group 8
Group 9
Group 10
Group 11
Group 12
Group 13
Group 14
Promotion play-off
Source:
See also
1955–56 Tercera División
1956–57 Tercera División
1957–58 Tercera División
1958–59 Tercera División
References
External links
RSSSF
Futbolme
Tercera División seasons
3
Spain |
```javascript
!function(e){var t={};function r(n){if(t[n])return t[n].exports;var o=t[n]={i:n,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[n].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,r),o.l=!0,o.exports}r.m=e,r.c=t,r.d=function(e,t,n){r.o(e,t)||Object.defineProperty(e,t,{enumerable:!0,get:n})},r.r=function(e){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},r.t=function(e,t){if(1&t&&(e=r(e)),8&t)return e;if(4&t&&"object"==typeof e&&e&&e.__esModule)return e;var n=Object.create(null);if(r.r(n),Object.defineProperty(n,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:e}),2&t&&"string"!=typeof e)for(var o in e)r.d(n,o,function(t){return e[t]}.bind(null,o));return n},r.n=function(e){var t=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return r.d(t,"a",t),t},r.o=function(e,t){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t)},r.p="",r(r.s=232)}({232:function(e,t,r){}});
//# sourceMappingURL=animations-extended.min.js.map
``` |
Keisuke Fujiwara ( Fujiwara Keisuke,; born September 17, 1982) is a Japanese mixed martial artist with a background in kickboxing.
Biography
Kickboxing
While studying at art school, Fujiware joined Oguni-Gym to learn kickboxing. He got a license as a professional kickboxer. In 2004, he moved to Akimoto Dojo Jungle Junction and started leaning MMA.
Debut in 3 rules
On November 23, 2006, Fujiwara made a debut in a grappling match of ZST. He fought against Masato Arai, but the bout was decided as a draw because of time over.
On August 26, 2007, he made a debut in a MMA match of ZST. He fought against Hitoshi Makino and won by submission with triangle choke.
On May 20, 2007, he knocked out Ichiro Sugita during the 1st round, and won the Genesis tournament at bantamweight in ZST.
On February 24, 2008, he made a debut in kickboxing match under shoot boxing rule against Tatsuya Umemiya. He won by TKO when he cut Umemiya's right eye during 1st round.
Winning first title
On May 24, 2009, he fought against Yukito for the vacant 1st bantamweight title of ZST. He won by TKO with punches and became the 1st champion.
On October 25, 2009, he was offered to fight against Tomoya Miyashita in DREAM, but lost by unanimous decision after 3rd round.
On February 20, 2010, he had a rematch against Shunichi Shimizu to defend his ZST title, and retained his title by decision after 5th round. After the bout, he announced that he wanted to challenge DREAM again.
On November 25, 2010, he fought against Mariusz Cieśliński, a Polish kickboxer, in Poland under K-1 rule, but lost by unanimous decision.
On February 6, 2011, he had a rematch against Toshihiro Shimizu to defend his ZST title, and retained his title by submission with triangle choke during 5th round.
On May 29, 2011, he challenged DREAM again to participate in the bantamweight tournament.
Fighting Records
Mixed martial arts record
|-
| Win
|align=center| 16–9–5
| Kohei Kuraoka
| TKO (punches)
| Zst 43: 12th Anniversary
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 4:28
|Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Draw
|align=center| 15–9–5
| Alan Yoshihiro Yamaniwa
| Draw (time limit)
| Zst: Zst in Yokosuka Vol.1
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 5:00
| Yokosuka, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 15–9–4
| Naohiro Mizuno
| Decision (Split)
| Shooto - 2nd Round 2014
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 15–8–4
| Ulka Sasaki
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Shooto - 1st Round 2014
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 4:35
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 15–7–4
| Takumi Murata
| Decision (unanimous)
| ZST.37
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 14–7–4
| Hideto Okada
| Decision (majority)
| ZST.36
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 13–7–4
| Shunichi Shimizu
| Decision (unanimous)
| ZST.33 - 10th Anniversary
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 13–6–4
| Aslan Toktarbaev
| Decision (unanimous)
| Rings - Vol.2: Conquisito
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 13–5–4
| Kenichi Ito
| TKO (corner stoppage)
| ZST - Battle Hazard 6
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 12–5–4
| Tetsuya Fusano
| Decision (unanimous)
| ZST.31
|
|align=center| 5
|align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 11–5–4
| Melvin Blumer
| Decision (unanimous)
| ZST.30
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 11–4–4
| Kenji Osawa
| Decision (unanimous)
| Dream.17
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 11–3–4
| Masakazu Imanari
| Decision (unanimous)
| Dream: Fight for Japan!
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Saitama, Saitama, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 11–2–4
| Toshihiro Shimizu
| Submission (triangle choke)
| ZST.27
|
|align=center| 5
|align=center| 3:46
| Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 10–2–4
| Naohiro Hasegawa
| Submission (triangle choke)
| ZST.25
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 2:06
| Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Draw
|align=center| 9–2–4
| Tatsumitsu Wada
| Draw
| ZST Battle Hazard 04
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 9–2–3
| Ichiro Sugita
| KO (punch)
| ZST.24
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 1:20
| Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 8–2–3
| Shunichi Shimizu
| Decision (unanimous)
| ZST.23
|
|align=center| 5
|align=center| 5:00
| Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 7–2–3
| Tomoya Miyashita
| Decision (unanimous)
| Dream 12
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 5:00
| Osaka, Osaka, Japan
|
|-
| Draw
|align=center| 7–1–3
| Wataru Inatsu
| Draw
| ZST.21
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 7–1–2
| Yuichiro Shirai
| TKO (punches)
| ZST.20
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 4:37
| Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 6–1–2
| Ryosuke Tamura
| KO (punch)
| ZST.19
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 2:33
| Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 5–1–2
| Shunichi Shimizu
| KO (punch)
| ZST.18
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 0:56
| Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 4–1–2
| Tokuaki Ninomiya
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| ZST.15
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 1:04
| Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 3–1–2
| Ranki Kawana
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| ZST.14
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 2:59
| Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 3–0–2
| Toshihiro Shimizu
| Submission (triangle choke)
| ZST SWAT! 13
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 1:22
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Draw
|align=center| 2–0–2
| Ranki Kawana
| Draw
| ZST.13
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 2–0–1
| Ichiro Sugita
| KO (front kick)
| ZST SWAT! 11, Tournament Final
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:29
| Ōta, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 1–0–1
| Satoshi Shinhori
| Decision (unanimous)
| ZST SWAT! 10, Tournament Semi-final
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Ota, Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Draw
|align=center| 0–0–1
| Hitoshi Makino
| Draw
| ZST SWAT! 09
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
| Ōta, Tokyo, Japan
|
Professional grappling
|- bgcolor="#c5d2ea"
| 2006-11-23 || Draw ||align=left| Masato Arai || ZST.11 || Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan || Time Over || 1 || 5:00
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:
Professional kickboxing
|- bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2010-11-25 || Loss ||align=left| Mariusz Cieśliński || KOK World GP 2010 in Warsaw || Warsaw, Poland || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|- bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2008-09-12 || Loss ||align=left| Koya Shimada || Shoot boxing 2008 Road to S-cup 5 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2008-06-28 || Win ||align=left| Akihiro Okuwa || Shoot boxing Young Caesar Cup 2007 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 2:00
|- bgcolor="#c5d2ea"
| 2008-05-18 || Draw ||align=left| Akihiro Okuwa || ZST.17 || Tokyo, Japan || Time Over || 2 || 3:00
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2008-02-24 || Win ||align=left| Tatsuya Uematsu || ZST.16 || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (Cut) || 1 || 1:58
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:
Titles
ZST Genesis Tournament 2007 Bantamweight winner
ZST Bantamweight champion
References
External links
Official blog
Profile from Akimoto Dojo Jungle Junction
1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Saitama Prefecture
Japanese male mixed martial artists
Bantamweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing kickboxing
Japanese male kickboxers |
Agonistic behaviour is any social behaviour related to fighting. The term has broader meaning than aggressive behaviour because it includes threats, displays, retreats, placation, and conciliation. The term "agonistic behaviour" was first implemented by J.P Scott and Emil Fredericson in 1951 in their paper "The Causes of Fighting in Mice and Rats" in Physiological Zoology. Agonistic behaviour is seen in many animal species because resources including food, shelter, and mates are often limited.
Some forms of agonistic behaviour are between contestants who are competing for access to the same resources, such as food or mates. Other times, it involves tests of strength or threat display that make animals look large and more physically fit, a display that may allow it to gain the resource before an actual battle takes place. Although agonistic behaviour varies among species, agonistic interaction consists of three kinds of behaviours: threat, aggression, and submission. These three behaviours are functionally and physiologically interrelated, yet fall outside the narrow definition of aggressive behaviour. While any one of these divisions of behaviours may be seen alone in an interaction between two animals, they normally occur in sequence from start to end. Depending on the availability and importance of a resource, behaviours can range from a fight to the death or a much safer ritualistic behaviour, though ritualistic or display behaviours are the most common form of agonistic behaviours.
As studied in rodents
Scott and Fredericson describe that agonistic behaviour is displayed in a variety of different circumstances in response to different stimuli. Scott and Fredericson studied mice and rats, and classified three main categories of agonistic behaviour these animals display, which include preliminary behaviour, attack, and defensive and escape behaviour. Preliminary behaviour describes the behaviours displayed by these rodents if fighting does not immediately begin. These may include involuntary behaviours such as hair-fluffing, where the rodent's hair stands up on end with no prominence on a particular region of the body, or tail-rattling where the rodent's tail experiences muscle contraction and twitches from side to side, making a loud sound if struck against a hard object. Another preliminary agonistic behaviour demonstrated by mice is referred to as mincing behaviour which is when mice circle their opponent before a fight begins. The fight itself is classified as one of the pattern of behaviour that occurs and involves physical violence between the rodents. Finally, the defensive and escape behaviour occurs usually immediately after the fight and is displayed by the mouse that was defeated in the fight. The defeated mouse, if allotted space, will run away and try and take shelter from the victorious mouse. If it is not possible for the mouse to physically run and escape because space is not available, the defeated mouse will rear up on its hind legs and hold its front legs up in a way that is characterized as a "submissive stance". These are examples of the physical behaviours that are responses to conflict in mice.
Evolution and ecology of agonistic behaviour: Stomatopoda (praying mantis shrimp)
Agonistic behaviour is a result of evolution, and this can be studied in a number of species facing different environmental pressures. Though agonistic behaviours can be directly observed and studied in a laboratory setting, it is also important to understand these behaviours in a natural setting to fully comprehend how they have evolved and therefore differ under different selective pressures. Mantis shrimp, predatory crustaceans, are an example of an aggressive and territorial organism whose agonistic behaviour has been studied in an ecological and evolutionary context.
Mantis shrimp are among the world's most aggressive crustaceans. These sea creatures are secretive, but highly alert and active predators who inhabit burrows and cavities along coral reefs, rocky coasts, and muddy shores of tropical and subtropical waters.
Roy Caldwell and Hugh Dingle conducted research on mantis shrimp and other stomatopods, which focused on the evolution of agonistic behaviour and how it applies to the ecology of these organisms. Agonistic behaviour has co-evolved alongside biotic factors such as body morphology, competition both within the species and against other species, and the habitats that these shrimp inhabit. Stomatopods arose from leptostracan stock, as is indicated by fossil evidence, approximately 400 million years ago. Morphology of stomatopods is consistent with most malacostracans in that they have three main body segments: the cephalon, the thorax and the abdomen. The abdomen is made up of six segments, five of which possess a pair of pleopods, which are used for respiration and swimming.
The key appendage used by stomatopods for fighting behaviour is referred to as the raptorial appendage, which is actually a pair of enlarged second maxillipeds just behind the maxillae. These strong maxillipeds are used for purposes of prey capture in addition to fighting. The morphology of this appendage, particularly the propodus and dactyl which extend forward in such a way that resembles the striking appendage of a praying mantis, gives this crustacean its name. Caldwell et al. classified the raptorial appendage into two categories based on its functional purpose: a smashing appendage or a spearing appendage. The smashing appendage is possessed by members of gonodactylidae and the dactyl contains several short spines. The spearing appendage is possessed by squillids, lysiosquillids, bathysquillids, and a couple gonodactylids; the last group contains both spearers and smashers.
"Smashers" are able to use the raptorial appendage with such a force, particularly the gonodactylids, that they are able to smash the glass of double walled aquaria in the laboratory. These smashers are able to use this immense force to kill same-species competitors with one blow. Caldwell et al. describe how two stomatopods generally display severe fighting behaviour when they have an encounter, both between species and within the same species, and males and females display the same level of this behaviour except in breeding season. Most species of stomatopods, regardless of the type of appendage, ordinarily deliver blows during agonistic encounters with the dactyl closed. When the dactyl is open, the result is usually serious injury or death of the opponent. These crustaceans may deliver blows with the dactyl open but generally only in situations of extremely intense fighting displays, which are rare amongst most species.
Behaviour that is common during agonistic displays is raptorial appendage display, which is a common behaviour across many taxa. Display and expansion of the raptorial appendage is conducted in order to make the animal appear larger and therefore more threatening to competitors in times of agonistic encounters, and comparable displays in other taxa include teeth baring in canines or horn display in ungulates. This display behaviour is an evolutionarily conserved behaviour in agonistic displays.
Evolutionary differences are clear in "smasher" and "spearer" stomatopods who inhabit different substrates and either burrow or do not burrow. Caldwell et al. describe these differences with respect to a behavioural display called a "meral spread". This behaviour is described by these researchers as the most extreme of raptorial appendage displays, and is defined by the elevation of the cephalothorax and antennae and antennules while the raptorial appendage itself is elevated and spread. Interestingly, this meral spread may be displayed dozens of times during an agonistic encounter and Caldwell et al. explain it is used as a method to inhibit actual physical violence.
An evolutionary divergence between stomatopods is described in appearance of the meral spot, which is a dorsal, medial groove on the raptorial merus of the raptorial appendage. Smasher stomatopods, which are species that tend to inhabit cavities within rocks or coral, have brightly coloured meral spots which aid in making the meral spot more visible during these meral spread displays in fights. These bright meral spots possessed by smashers are either yellow, blue, red or white and are outlined by a conspicuous black pigment. Conversely, spearing Stomatopods or some smashing species that do not inhabit rock or coral cavities, have much duller meral spots. This correlation suggests to researchers that habitat and meral spot colouration have co-evolved, and those that inhabit burrows possess these bright spots and those species that do not have dull spots. This demonstrates how ecology and evolution of organisms within the same order directly affects agonistic behaviour.
Hormonal influence
Agonistic behaviour is influenced by the action of hormones such as vasopressin, which is a small peptide synthesized in the brain by magnocellular neurons. Agonistic behaviour itself may be divided into two categories: offensive or defensive. Each of these classes of agonistic behaviour are the result of different neurobehavioural pathways, and offensive and defensive agonistic behaviour are elicited by different stimuli.
Offensive behaviour specifically has been studied in the context of intruder interactions in studies employing rodents as test subjects. For example, when an unfamiliar male hamster is placed into cage of a conspecific male, a stereotypical suite of agonistic behaviours follow. The resident male approaches the intruder and sniffs him intently, threatens the intruder with an upright posture, and finally initiates a physical attack on the intruder. The resident male attacks the belly of the intruder male and attempts to maneuver the intruder onto his back.
Studies have shown that offensive behaviour displayed by hamsters may be modulated due to the presence of vasopressin. Specifically, research conducted by Ferris et al. (1990) suggests that when a vasopressin receptor antagonist is injected into the anterior hypothalamus of the resident male, the tendency to attack intruder males decreases as the dose of antagonist increases. This antagonist has been known to decrease the tendency of offensive aggression via injections into the ventrolateral hypothalamus, therefore is able to act on multiple regions of the brain and exhibit the same effects of offsetting this agonistic behaviour.
While vasopressin plays a role in offensive aggression in agonistic behaviour, serotonin also plays a role in aggressive behaviour in rodents as well as similar effects in humans. Research has shown that increased levels of serotonin or stimulating serotonic receptors in rodents corresponds with decreased agonistic behavioural display, such as behaviours like attacking and biting.
Male resident hamsters, which typically always display stereotypical offensive agonistic behaviours, display a significant decrease in bite attempts toward intruder males when treated with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor called fluoxetine. Vasopressin and serotonin both play significant roles in agonistic behavioural displays, and understanding the interaction of these two opposing neurotransmitters is important in fully understanding the neurobiology of agonistic behaviour. It is understood that vasopressin enhances aggression in agonistic displays due to increased activity in the neural pathways that are associated with increased flank marking and the offensive aggression demonstrated in resident hamsters in the presence of an intruder. This neural pathway that enhances aggression is subdued by the presence of serotonin. It is hypothesized that serotonin acts as an antagonist to vasopressin by eliciting its effects on vasopressin-sensitive neurons and therefore inhibiting these neurons.
Steroid hormones are also associated with offensive aggression behaviour. Androgens in particular have well documented effects on enhancing aggression in male rodents, and testosterone injections into the septum and medial pre-optic area of castrated mice greatly increased offensive aggression. Glucocorticoids also have reported effects on agonistic behaviour in mice, though these effects are not as thoroughly understood as effects of androgens. Research has demonstrated that in mice that have been defeated in agonistic encounters have elevated levels of corticosterone, which appears to enhance submissive behaviour and therefore has opposing effects on agonistic aggressive behaviour.
Prediction of winning
The type of agonistic behaviour observed, whether it be aggressive or submissive, all depend on the likelihood of winning. For instance, size is usually a good predictor of fighting success, and many animals will display to flaunt their size. Animals are better able to assess their next form of agonistic action by judging the opponent's size and if they are likely to win a fight if a physical altercation were to occur.
Example: Stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)
In aggressive behaviour by male stalk-eyed flies the males "square off" by displaying their eyes. Females show a strong preference for mating with males with longer eyestalks. Due to the female preference, males have evolved to compete with each other for mating rights. In the threat display the two flies face each other head-to-head, with their forelegs spread outward and parallel to the eyestalks. This behaviour allows each individual to judge the distance between its competitor's eyes. Eyestalk length increases with body size, and males with shorter eyestalks will usually retreat. A further distance between the eyes conveys a bigger body size, and a better chance of winning.
Avoidance
Physical fighting is actually rare between animals. It would seem that normally the more aggressive an animal is, the more it has to gain. However, in a normal scenario if an animal is too aggressive it might face an unacceptably high cost such as severe injury or death. Unless an animal has a sure indication that they will win without injury, or the resources are valuable enough for the risk of death, animals usually avoid fighting. An animal must weigh the relative costs and benefits of fighting. If the costs are too high, avoiding a fight is preferable.
Ritual display
For animals, display is any behaviour modified by evolution that is used to convey information. Animals display particular signs, which recipients can use to infer something about the mental and physical state of the first animal.
To avoid the heavy cost of fighting, animals have evolved sophisticated rituals, which they use to bluff their opponents into backing down or fleeing. The cost-benefit model of display makes three assumptions: (1) type of display varies depending on the cost; (2) the risk of the display increases as the effectiveness of display increases; and (3) the value of resource being disputed over determines the choice of display used. Animals have evolved to use their physical attributes as a display of ability. If contests can be resolved with ritual display, fighting is not needed. Display can be used to dispute for mates, territory, and food through symbolic gestures instead of battles to the death. If an animal can display without fighting that he is more physically fit than his opponent, he will have gained more than he would have if he had fought and in the process possibly been injured.
Example: Male grey catbird (Dumetella carolinensis)
Male grey catbirds fluff their feathers and spread their lower tails to defend their territory when threatened by another male. The bird that is capable of puffing up and appearing to be the biggest will win the territory.
Example: Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)
Male western gorillas display a wide range of both vocal and gestural communications when threatened by an opponent. A silverback (alpha male) will start hooting, throwing, chest pounding, leg kicks, and sideways running when approached by another male. This is done to intimidate the opponent and show physical abilities without actually making any physical contact.
Threats
Threat behaviour is any behaviour that signifies hostility or intent to attack another animal. Threat behaviour is meant to cause the opponent to back down and leave. While ritual display can be used for an array of reasons or communicative purposes, threat distinctly is meant for hostility and is the last step before fighting or submission. Threat does not involve physical contact with another animal. Any threat behaviour most often elicits other agonistic behaviour in the recipient. This initiation of threat will result in a display of physical attributes, a fight, or submission; the behaviour or sequence of behaviours depends on what resources are being fought over and each individual's chance of winning against his opponent. In any animal species, threat always contains components of attack and fleeing, which expresses an animal's readiness and likelihood of winning. An intimidation display with a means to threat are exhibited through: hair bristling, feather ruffling, raising skin folds and crest, teeth displaying, horn displaying, making sound, etc.
Example: Frill-necked lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii)
Chlamydosaurus kingii, an Australian agamid lizard, uses its frill as a way to display size and aggression to opponents. It is one of the largest and most notable displays seen in the animal kingdom. In comparison to its body size, the frill can flare out to make the lizards head look several times bigger, and it displays bright orange and red scales. Males of C. kingii fight and display frills often during the mating seasons. The male ritualistic display includes repeated partial erections of the frill, head bobbing, tail lashing, and waving of forelimbs.
Agonistic fighting
Actual fighting in contests is rare because of the risk of injury to both participants. It is most likely to occur when individuals are similarly sized, or when the contested resource is essential for reproduction or survival. Even when agonistic behaviour escalates to fighting, restraint may be used. Fish such as Oreochromis mossambicus often exhibit aggressive displays, but rarely fight to the point of injury or bodily harm. This is also the case in fights among some male venomous snakes; they wrestle, but refrain from biting.
Example: Black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis)
Agonistic fighting for black mambas involves a wrestling match in which opponents attempt to pin each other's head repeatedly to the ground. Fights normally last a few minutes but can extend to over an hour. The purpose of fighting is to secure mating rights to receptive females nearby during the breeding season.
Submissive behaviour
Submissive behaviour involves an individual indicating by an act or posture that it will not challenge a dominant individual in a social group. Submissive behaviours are part of the maintenance of a dominance hierarchy of cooperating individuals in a social group that have overlapping but not entirely coincident interests.
Example: Bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)
Communication between animals is often achieved by adding a succession of behaviours to a display. Social interactions among bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) consist of a unique set of movements or visual signals. Waving is one of the most visible signs of submission one lizard can display to another. The lizard rests on three of its legs, raises one of the front arms and then slowly waves the arm in a circular motion. This circular motion, along with the dragon puffing up slightly, shows submission. This display is seen between opponents, as well as adolescents towards adults.
See also
References
Signalling theory
Ethology
Articles containing video clips |
Sir David Davies (20 December 1870 – 25 April 1958) was a Welsh Conservative politician.
Davies was born in Tregaron, west Wales. His father, John Davies, was a smallholder living at Tynycae, a few miles outside the town in Ceredigion.
Like many of his contemporaries he left the Teifi Valley to work in the city as a deliverer of milk. His business was very successful, and he became the first leader of the London Retail Dairymen's Association. In 1897, he married Mary Ann, daughter of Abraham Edwards, Tymawr, Eglwysfach. The couple had one son and three daughters.
Involvement in local government
He also immersed himself in local government, being elected as a Councillor on St Pancras Council (where he served alongside George Bernard Shaw) from 1900 to 1906, and then an Alderman from 1906 to 1945. In 1911-12 he was the Mayor of the Borough of St Pancras. From 1912 to 1922 David Davies was a Councillor on the London County Council and an Alderman from 1922 to 1938.
His allegiance
Though he came from a humble background, David Davies served as Chairman of the South East St Pancras Conservative Party from 1917 until 1944. He was knighted in 1938 and also served as a magistrate. He was elected a governor for life of the Royal Free Hospital.
References
1870 births
1958 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) politicians
Welsh politicians
Members of London County Council
Members of St Pancras Metropolitan Borough Council
Mayors of places in Greater London
People from Ceredigion
20th-century British politicians |
```css
p
{
color: red; font-style: italic; }
``` |
Marinus (Greek: Μαρίνος) was one of the most trusted and senior aides of the Eastern Roman emperor Anastasius I (r. 491–518). He served twice as praetorian prefect of the East, supervised some of Anastasius's tax reforms, supported the Emperor's pro-Monophysite policies and led the Roman navy in a crucial battle that ended for good the rebellion of general Vitalian in Thrace. He survived into the regime of Justin I (r. 518–527), when he held his second tenure as praetorian prefect, but was soon sidelined from power.
Biography
Marinus was a native of Apamea in Syria, and, like most Syrians, a Monophysite. Nothing is known of his early life, but in 498 he was appointed by Anastasius as the senior financial official (tractator, and later chartularius) of the fiscal department of the praetorian prefecture of the East responsible for the Diocese of Oriens, which encompassed his native Syria. His predecessor in the post, John the Paphlagonian, went on to supervise Anastasius's reform of Byzantine coinage. From this position, Marinus became one of the Emperor's chief financial advisers, especially on matters of taxation; he was also responsible for the institution of the vindices, officials tasked with collecting the annona tax, which hitherto had been the responsibility of the provincial city councils. The details of the reform are obscure, and contemporary opinion on its effects is divided: John Lydus, whose stance is hostile to Marinus, blames it for impoverishing the provinces, while a panegyric by Priscian claims that it was a great relief to the farmers. Although the new system seems to have been successful in increasing state revenue, it was extensively modified and ultimately mostly abandoned in subsequent reigns.
By the 500s, Marinus had emerged as "the most trusted adviser" (John B. Bury) of Anastasius, and was rewarded with his nomination to the praetorian prefecture of the East, probably in early 512. He seems to have held the post until early 515. In autumn 512, Marinus encouraged Anastasius to openly support the Monophysite version of the Trisagion, which the Patriarch Timothy had inserted into liturgy even in the Hagia Sophia. As a result, the mostly Chalcedonian population of Constantinople launched a major riot on 4 November against the "heretical" version, forcing Marinus and Plato, the urban prefect, to respond with force in an attempt to quell the disturbance. The clashes continued, however, and on 6 November the Chalcedonian populace gathered in the Forum of Constantine and launched a riot that nearly cost Anastasius his throne: Anastasius's statues were thrown down, the aged general Areobindus, related by marriage to the Theodosian dynasty, was proclaimed emperor, and Marinus's house was torched. It took a personal appearance by Anastasius in the Hippodrome of Constantinople to calm the crowds, who demanded that Marinus and Plato be thrown to the beasts.
In 515, Marinus was entrusted by Anastasius with leading the campaign against Vitalian, the magister militum per Thracias who had rebelled against Anastasius's pro-Monophysite policies and was marching on the imperial capital, Constantinople. This unusual appointment of a civil official to command an army was due to the reluctance of the two generals commanding the imperial armies around Constantinople, Patricius and John, to confront Vitalian, whom they had known personally. Despite his lack of military experience, Marinus defeated the rebel fleet in a battle at the entrance of the Golden Horn; according to the report of John Malalas, this was achieved through the use of a sulfur-based chemical substance invented by a certain Proclus of Athens, similar to the later Greek fire. Marinus then landed with his men on the shore of Sycae and defeated the rebels he found there. Disheartened by the losses suffered, Vitalian and his army fled north under cover of night.
Although he is recorded to have joined with the praepositus sacri cubiculi Amantius in instigating disturbances in the Hagia Sophia shortly after the elevation of Justin I (r. 518–527) to the throne, Marinus managed to survive the transition to the new regime: he was named praetorian prefect for a second time in 519, and was even said to have decorated a public bath with scenes from the life of Justin, including his arrival to Constantinople as a poor peasant. He died sometime before 539. Of his family it is only known that he had a daughter, and that her son was named governor in Libya (either Marmarica or Cyrenaica), where he proved particularly rapacious.
References
Citations
Sources
5th-century births
6th-century deaths
6th-century Byzantine people
Praetorian prefects of the East
Byzantine admirals |
Together is a trade union covering workers in the public and private sectors in the state of Queensland, Australia. The largest areas of coverage is the state public sector, including clinical and administrative staff in Queensland Health, state schools and TAFE institutes, the Department of Communities and other departments. Other areas of coverage include universities (general staff), airline employees, private clinical pathology services, private and not-for-profit healthcare providers, and clerical and administrative staff across a range of industries.
Together is a branch of the Australian Services Union, and members of Together are also members of the ASU at a federal level.
History
Together was created in July 2011 as an amalgamation of the Queensland Public Sector Union and the Australian Services Union (Central and Southern Queensland) Branch. The union is registered within the state industrial relations jurisdiction as Together and in the federal system as ASU/AMACSU.
Union structure
Union Conference is Together's peak decision making body. Every four years the Electoral Commission of Queensland holds elections for Conference delegates. Each delegate represents members in their agency to ensure all members have their say in their union. Union Conference meets four times a year.
Past campaigns
The QPSU has been involved in the Your Rights at Work campaign. The QPSU has also had campaigns specifically targeting Queensland government departments, including Queensland Department of Health, Queensland Department of Child Safety and Queensland Department of Disability Services.
References
External links
Official website
Twitter profile
Facebook profile
Trade unions in Queensland
Trade unions established in 2011
2011 establishments in Australia |
```python
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# ==============================================================================
"""Train a ResNet-50 model on ImageNet on TPU."""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import os
import time
from absl import flags
import absl.logging as _logging # pylint: disable=unused-import
import tensorflow as tf
from . import imagenet_input
from . import resnet_model
from tensorflow.contrib import summary
from tensorflow.contrib.tpu.python.tpu import bfloat16
from tensorflow.contrib.tpu.python.tpu import tpu_config
from tensorflow.contrib.tpu.python.tpu import tpu_estimator
from tensorflow.contrib.tpu.python.tpu import tpu_optimizer
from tensorflow.contrib.training.python.training import evaluation
from tensorflow.python.estimator import estimator
FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
flags.DEFINE_bool(
'use_tpu', default=True,
help=('Use TPU to execute the model for training and evaluation. If'
' --use_tpu=false, will use whatever devices are available to'
' TensorFlow by default (e.g. CPU and GPU)'))
# Cloud TPU Cluster Resolvers
flags.DEFINE_string(
'tpu', default=None,
help='The Cloud TPU to use for training. This should be either the name '
'used when creating the Cloud TPU, or a grpc://ip.address.of.tpu:8470 url.')
flags.DEFINE_string(
'gcp_project', default=None,
help='Project name for the Cloud TPU-enabled project. If not specified, we '
'will attempt to automatically detect the GCE project from metadata.')
flags.DEFINE_string(
'tpu_zone', default=None,
help='GCE zone where the Cloud TPU is located in. If not specified, we '
'will attempt to automatically detect the GCE project from metadata.')
# Model specific flags
flags.DEFINE_string(
'data_dir', default=None,
help=('The directory where the ImageNet input data is stored. Please see'
' the README.md for the expected data format.'))
flags.DEFINE_string(
'model_dir', default=None,
help=('The directory where the model and training/evaluation summaries are'
' stored.'))
flags.DEFINE_integer(
'resnet_depth', default=50,
help=('Depth of ResNet model to use. Must be one of {18, 34, 50, 101, 152,'
' 200}. ResNet-18 and 34 use the pre-activation residual blocks'
' without bottleneck layers. The other models use pre-activation'
' bottleneck layers. Deeper models require more training time and'
' more memory and may require reducing --train_batch_size to prevent'
' running out of memory.'))
flags.DEFINE_string(
'mode', default='train_and_eval',
help='One of {"train_and_eval", "train", "eval"}.')
flags.DEFINE_integer(
'train_steps', default=112603,
help=('The number of steps to use for training. Default is 112603 steps'
' which is approximately 90 epochs at batch size 1024. This flag'
' should be adjusted according to the --train_batch_size flag.'))
flags.DEFINE_integer(
'train_batch_size', default=1024, help='Batch size for training.')
flags.DEFINE_integer(
'eval_batch_size', default=1024, help='Batch size for evaluation.')
flags.DEFINE_integer(
'steps_per_eval', default=5000,
help=('Controls how often evaluation is performed. Since evaluation is'
' fairly expensive, it is advised to evaluate as infrequently as'
' possible (i.e. up to --train_steps, which evaluates the model only'
' after finishing the entire training regime).'))
flags.DEFINE_integer(
'eval_timeout',
default=None,
help=(
'Maximum seconds between checkpoints before evaluation terminates.'))
flags.DEFINE_bool(
'skip_host_call', default=False,
help=('Skip the host_call which is executed every training step. This is'
' generally used for generating training summaries (train loss,'
' learning rate, etc...). When --skip_host_call=false, there could'
' be a performance drop if host_call function is slow and cannot'
' keep up with the TPU-side computation.'))
flags.DEFINE_integer(
'iterations_per_loop', default=100,
help=('Number of steps to run on TPU before outfeeding metrics to the CPU.'
' If the number of iterations in the loop would exceed the number of'
' train steps, the loop will exit before reaching'
' --iterations_per_loop. The larger this value is, the higher the'
' utilization on the TPU.'))
flags.DEFINE_integer(
'num_cores', default=8,
help=('Number of TPU cores. For a single TPU device, this is 8 because each'
' TPU has 4 chips each with 2 cores.'))
flags.DEFINE_string(
'data_format', default='channels_last',
help=('A flag to override the data format used in the model. The value'
' is either channels_first or channels_last. To run the network on'
' CPU or TPU, channels_last should be used. For GPU, channels_first'
' will improve performance.'))
# TODO(chrisying): remove this flag once --transpose_tpu_infeed flag is enabled
# by default for TPU
flags.DEFINE_bool(
'transpose_input', default=True,
help='Use TPU double transpose optimization')
flags.DEFINE_string(
'export_dir',
default=None,
help=('The directory where the exported SavedModel will be stored.'))
flags.DEFINE_string(
'precision', default='bfloat16',
help=('Precision to use; one of: {bfloat16, float32}'))
flags.DEFINE_float(
'base_learning_rate', default=0.1,
help=('Base learning rate when train batch size is 256.'))
flags.DEFINE_float(
'momentum', default=0.9,
help=('Momentum parameter used in the MomentumOptimizer.'))
flags.DEFINE_float(
'weight_decay', default=1e-4,
help=('Weight decay coefficiant for l2 regularization.'))
# Dataset constants
LABEL_CLASSES = 1000
NUM_TRAIN_IMAGES = 1281167
NUM_EVAL_IMAGES = 50000
# Learning rate schedule
LR_SCHEDULE = [ # (multiplier, epoch to start) tuples
(1.0, 5), (0.1, 30), (0.01, 60), (0.001, 80)
]
MEAN_RGB = [0.485, 0.456, 0.406]
STDDEV_RGB = [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]
def learning_rate_schedule(current_epoch):
"""Handles linear scaling rule, gradual warmup, and LR decay.
The learning rate starts at 0, then it increases linearly per step.
After 5 epochs we reach the base learning rate (scaled to account
for batch size).
After 30, 60 and 80 epochs the learning rate is divided by 10.
After 90 epochs training stops and the LR is set to 0. This ensures
that we train for exactly 90 epochs for reproducibility.
Args:
current_epoch: `Tensor` for current epoch.
Returns:
A scaled `Tensor` for current learning rate.
"""
scaled_lr = FLAGS.base_learning_rate * (FLAGS.train_batch_size / 256.0)
decay_rate = (scaled_lr * LR_SCHEDULE[0][0] *
current_epoch / LR_SCHEDULE[0][1])
for mult, start_epoch in LR_SCHEDULE:
decay_rate = tf.where(current_epoch < start_epoch,
decay_rate, scaled_lr * mult)
return decay_rate
def resnet_model_fn(features, labels, mode, params):
"""The model_fn for ResNet to be used with TPUEstimator.
Args:
features: `Tensor` of batched images.
labels: `Tensor` of labels for the data samples
mode: one of `tf.estimator.ModeKeys.{TRAIN,EVAL,PREDICT}`
params: `dict` of parameters passed to the model from the TPUEstimator,
`params['batch_size']` is always provided and should be used as the
effective batch size.
Returns:
A `TPUEstimatorSpec` for the model
"""
if isinstance(features, dict):
features = features['feature']
if FLAGS.data_format == 'channels_first':
assert not FLAGS.transpose_input # channels_first only for GPU
features = tf.transpose(features, [0, 3, 1, 2])
if FLAGS.transpose_input and mode != tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT:
features = tf.transpose(features, [3, 0, 1, 2]) # HWCN to NHWC
# Normalize the image to zero mean and unit variance.
features -= tf.constant(MEAN_RGB, shape=[1, 1, 3], dtype=features.dtype)
features /= tf.constant(STDDEV_RGB, shape=[1, 1, 3], dtype=features.dtype)
# This nested function allows us to avoid duplicating the logic which
# builds the network, for different values of --precision.
def build_network():
network = resnet_model.resnet_v1(
resnet_depth=FLAGS.resnet_depth,
num_classes=LABEL_CLASSES,
data_format=FLAGS.data_format)
return network(
inputs=features, is_training=(mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN))
if FLAGS.precision == 'bfloat16':
with bfloat16.bfloat16_scope():
logits = build_network()
logits = tf.cast(logits, tf.float32)
elif FLAGS.precision == 'float32':
logits = build_network()
if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT:
predictions = {
'classes': tf.argmax(logits, axis=1),
'probabilities': tf.nn.softmax(logits, name='softmax_tensor')
}
return tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec(
mode=mode,
predictions=predictions,
export_outputs={
'classify': tf.estimator.export.PredictOutput(predictions)
})
# If necessary, in the model_fn, use params['batch_size'] instead the batch
# size flags (--train_batch_size or --eval_batch_size).
batch_size = params['batch_size'] # pylint: disable=unused-variable
# Calculate loss, which includes softmax cross entropy and L2 regularization.
one_hot_labels = tf.one_hot(labels, LABEL_CLASSES)
cross_entropy = tf.losses.softmax_cross_entropy(
logits=logits, onehot_labels=one_hot_labels)
# Add weight decay to the loss for non-batch-normalization variables.
loss = cross_entropy + FLAGS.weight_decay * tf.add_n(
[tf.nn.l2_loss(v) for v in tf.trainable_variables()
if 'batch_normalization' not in v.name])
host_call = None
if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN:
# Compute the current epoch and associated learning rate from global_step.
global_step = tf.train.get_global_step()
batches_per_epoch = NUM_TRAIN_IMAGES / FLAGS.train_batch_size
current_epoch = (tf.cast(global_step, tf.float32) /
batches_per_epoch)
learning_rate = learning_rate_schedule(current_epoch)
optimizer = tf.train.MomentumOptimizer(
learning_rate=learning_rate, momentum=FLAGS.momentum, use_nesterov=True)
if FLAGS.use_tpu:
# When using TPU, wrap the optimizer with CrossShardOptimizer which
# handles synchronization details between different TPU cores. To the
# user, this should look like regular synchronous training.
optimizer = tpu_optimizer.CrossShardOptimizer(optimizer)
# Batch normalization requires UPDATE_OPS to be added as a dependency to
# the train operation.
update_ops = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS)
with tf.control_dependencies(update_ops):
train_op = optimizer.minimize(loss, global_step)
if not FLAGS.skip_host_call:
def host_call_fn(gs, loss, lr, ce):
"""Training host call. Creates scalar summaries for training metrics.
This function is executed on the CPU and should not directly reference
any Tensors in the rest of the `model_fn`. To pass Tensors from the
model to the `metric_fn`, provide as part of the `host_call`. See
path_to_url
for more information.
Arguments should match the list of `Tensor` objects passed as the second
element in the tuple passed to `host_call`.
Args:
gs: `Tensor with shape `[batch]` for the global_step
loss: `Tensor` with shape `[batch]` for the training loss.
lr: `Tensor` with shape `[batch]` for the learning_rate.
ce: `Tensor` with shape `[batch]` for the current_epoch.
Returns:
List of summary ops to run on the CPU host.
"""
gs = gs[0]
with summary.create_file_writer(FLAGS.model_dir).as_default():
with summary.always_record_summaries():
summary.scalar('loss', loss[0], step=gs)
summary.scalar('learning_rate', lr[0], step=gs)
summary.scalar('current_epoch', ce[0], step=gs)
return summary.all_summary_ops()
# To log the loss, current learning rate, and epoch for Tensorboard, the
# summary op needs to be run on the host CPU via host_call. host_call
# expects [batch_size, ...] Tensors, thus reshape to introduce a batch
# dimension. These Tensors are implicitly concatenated to
# [params['batch_size']].
gs_t = tf.reshape(global_step, [1])
loss_t = tf.reshape(loss, [1])
lr_t = tf.reshape(learning_rate, [1])
ce_t = tf.reshape(current_epoch, [1])
host_call = (host_call_fn, [gs_t, loss_t, lr_t, ce_t])
else:
train_op = None
eval_metrics = None
if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL:
def metric_fn(labels, logits):
"""Evaluation metric function. Evaluates accuracy.
This function is executed on the CPU and should not directly reference
any Tensors in the rest of the `model_fn`. To pass Tensors from the model
to the `metric_fn`, provide as part of the `eval_metrics`. See
path_to_url
for more information.
Arguments should match the list of `Tensor` objects passed as the second
element in the tuple passed to `eval_metrics`.
Args:
labels: `Tensor` with shape `[batch]`.
logits: `Tensor` with shape `[batch, num_classes]`.
Returns:
A dict of the metrics to return from evaluation.
"""
predictions = tf.argmax(logits, axis=1)
top_1_accuracy = tf.metrics.accuracy(labels, predictions)
in_top_5 = tf.cast(tf.nn.in_top_k(logits, labels, 5), tf.float32)
top_5_accuracy = tf.metrics.mean(in_top_5)
return {
'top_1_accuracy': top_1_accuracy,
'top_5_accuracy': top_5_accuracy,
}
eval_metrics = (metric_fn, [labels, logits])
return tpu_estimator.TPUEstimatorSpec(
mode=mode,
loss=loss,
train_op=train_op,
host_call=host_call,
eval_metrics=eval_metrics)
def main(unused_argv):
# [START tpu-cluster-revolver]
tpu_cluster_resolver = tf.contrib.cluster_resolver.TPUClusterResolver(
FLAGS.tpu,
zone=FLAGS.tpu_zone,
project=FLAGS.gcp_project)
config = tpu_config.RunConfig(
cluster=tpu_cluster_resolver,
model_dir=FLAGS.model_dir,
save_checkpoints_steps=max(600, FLAGS.iterations_per_loop),
tpu_config=tpu_config.TPUConfig(
iterations_per_loop=FLAGS.iterations_per_loop,
num_shards=FLAGS.num_cores,
per_host_input_for_training=tpu_config.InputPipelineConfig.PER_HOST_V2)) # pylint: disable=line-too-long
# [END tpu-cluster-revolver]
resnet_classifier = tpu_estimator.TPUEstimator(
use_tpu=FLAGS.use_tpu,
model_fn=resnet_model_fn,
config=config,
train_batch_size=FLAGS.train_batch_size,
eval_batch_size=FLAGS.eval_batch_size)
assert FLAGS.precision == 'bfloat16' or FLAGS.precision == 'float32', (
'Invalid value for --precision flag; must be bfloat16 or float32.')
tf.logging.info('Precision: %s', FLAGS.precision)
use_bfloat16 = FLAGS.precision == 'bfloat16'
# Input pipelines are slightly different (with regards to shuffling and
# preprocessing) between training and evaluation.
imagenet_train, imagenet_eval = [imagenet_input.ImageNetInput(
is_training=is_training,
data_dir=FLAGS.data_dir,
transpose_input=FLAGS.transpose_input,
use_bfloat16=use_bfloat16) for is_training in [True, False]]
if FLAGS.mode == 'eval':
eval_steps = NUM_EVAL_IMAGES // FLAGS.eval_batch_size
# Run evaluation when there's a new checkpoint
for ckpt in evaluation.checkpoints_iterator(
FLAGS.model_dir, timeout=FLAGS.eval_timeout):
tf.logging.info('Starting to evaluate.')
try:
start_timestamp = time.time() # This time will include compilation time
eval_results = resnet_classifier.evaluate(
input_fn=imagenet_eval.input_fn,
steps=eval_steps,
checkpoint_path=ckpt)
elapsed_time = int(time.time() - start_timestamp)
tf.logging.info('Eval results: %s. Elapsed seconds: %d' %
(eval_results, elapsed_time))
# Terminate eval job when final checkpoint is reached
current_step = int(os.path.basename(ckpt).split('-')[1])
if current_step >= FLAGS.train_steps:
tf.logging.info(
'Evaluation finished after training step %d' % current_step)
break
except tf.errors.NotFoundError:
# Since the coordinator is on a different job than the TPU worker,
# sometimes the TPU worker does not finish initializing until long after
# the CPU job tells it to start evaluating. In this case, the checkpoint
# file could have been deleted already.
tf.logging.info(
'Checkpoint %s no longer exists, skipping checkpoint' % ckpt)
else: # FLAGS.mode == 'train' or FLAGS.mode == 'train_and_eval'
current_step = estimator._load_global_step_from_checkpoint_dir(FLAGS.model_dir) # pylint: disable=protected-access,line-too-long
batches_per_epoch = NUM_TRAIN_IMAGES / FLAGS.train_batch_size
tf.logging.info('Training for %d steps (%.2f epochs in total). Current'
' step %d.' % (FLAGS.train_steps,
FLAGS.train_steps / batches_per_epoch,
current_step))
start_timestamp = time.time() # This time will include compilation time
if FLAGS.mode == 'train':
resnet_classifier.train(
input_fn=imagenet_train.input_fn, max_steps=FLAGS.train_steps)
else:
assert FLAGS.mode == 'train_and_eval'
while current_step < FLAGS.train_steps:
# Train for up to steps_per_eval number of steps.
# At the end of training, a checkpoint will be written to --model_dir.
next_checkpoint = min(current_step + FLAGS.steps_per_eval,
FLAGS.train_steps)
resnet_classifier.train(
input_fn=imagenet_train.input_fn, max_steps=next_checkpoint)
current_step = next_checkpoint
# Evaluate the model on the most recent model in --model_dir.
# Since evaluation happens in batches of --eval_batch_size, some images
# may be consistently excluded modulo the batch size.
tf.logging.info('Starting to evaluate.')
eval_results = resnet_classifier.evaluate(
input_fn=imagenet_eval.input_fn,
steps=NUM_EVAL_IMAGES // FLAGS.eval_batch_size)
tf.logging.info('Eval results: %s' % eval_results)
elapsed_time = int(time.time() - start_timestamp)
tf.logging.info('Finished training up to step %d. Elapsed seconds %d.' %
(FLAGS.train_steps, elapsed_time))
if FLAGS.export_dir is not None:
# The guide to serve a exported TensorFlow model is at:
# path_to_url
tf.logging.info('Starting to export model.')
resnet_classifier.export_savedmodel(
export_dir_base=FLAGS.export_dir,
serving_input_receiver_fn=imagenet_input.image_serving_input_fn)
if __name__ == '__main__':
tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
tf.app.run()
``` |
Atticus: ...Dragging the Lake, Vol. 3 was the third in the series of compilation albums created by Atticus Clothing.
Track listing
References
2005 compilation albums |
"Shannon" is a 1976 song by Henry Gross. It became an international hit, reaching #6 and achieving gold record status in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and #5 on the Cash Box Top 100. The song reached #1 in Canada and New Zealand.
"Shannon" was written about the death of Beach Boys member Carl Wilson's Samoyed dog of the same name. While touring with the Beach Boys in 1975, Gross visited Wilson's home in Los Angeles and in conversation said he had an Irish Setter named Shannon. Wilson replied that he had also had a dog named Shannon that had recently been killed when hit by a car.
The single went gold in the U.S. and became a worldwide hit, reaching #6 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and #5 on the Cash Box Top 100 in 1976. In Canada it reached #1. "Shannon" also reached #1 in New Zealand, but peaked only at #32 in the UK.
Musicians
Henry Gross: vocals, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, background vocals
Allan Schwartzberg: drums
George Devens: percussion
Warren Nichols: bass
Philip Aaberg: piano, electric piano
Mike Corbett, Marty Nelson, Tommy West: background vocals
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
See also
List of 1970s one-hit wonders in the United States
References
External links
1976 songs
1976 singles
Lifesong Records singles
Songs about dogs
Songs written by Henry Gross
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Number-one singles in New Zealand |
```css
Make text unselectable
Hide the scrollbar in webkit browser
Writing comments in CSS
Determine the opacity of background-colors using the RGBA declaration
The `nth-child` Property
``` |
"Funplex" is a song recorded by The B-52s. It is the title track and first single from the band's eighth full-length studio album Funplex. The single was released to iTunes Store's internationally as a digital download on 29 January 2008.
Remixes
Remixes of the track by Peaches, Cansei de Ser Sexy and Scissor Sisters were released digitally on 5 March 2008.
Music video
A music video was filmed in West Hollywood on March 1, 2008 and featured a cameo appearance at the end by RuPaul, who appeared in the video for "Love Shack". The video features the band performing in a CGI shopping mall and premiered on MySpace on March 26, 2008.
References to mall culture
Lyrics in the song, "Private property–hippie be quiet / Your peace sign T-shirt / Could cause a riot" refer to the 2003 Crossgates Mall T-shirt censorship controversy.
The 'Cansei de Ser Sexy' remix of Funplex is featured in the dancing video game, Just Dance for the Nintendo Wii. It also appears as DLC on Xbox 360 versions of Just Dance 3
Track listing
"Funplex" (CSS Remix) – 4:25
"Funplex" (CSS Extended Remix) – 5:04
"Funplex" (CSS Instrumental) – 5:00
"Funplex" (CSS Edit) – 3:20
"Funplex" (Peaches Pleasure Seeker Remix) – 4:42
"Funplex" (Peaches Pleasure Seeker Instrumental) – 4:42
"Funplex" (Peaches Pleasure Seeker Edit) – 2:58
"Funplex" (Scissor Sisters Witches At The Wet Seal Remix) – 8:32
"Funplex" (Scissor Sisters Witches At The Wet Seal Instrumental) – 8:32
"Funplex" (Scissor Sisters Witches At The Wet Seal Edit) – 4:10
Chart performance
References
External links
Music video for "Funplex" on YouTube
2008 singles
2007 songs
The B-52's songs
Songs written by Fred Schneider
Songs written by Kate Pierson
Songs written by Keith Strickland
Songs written by Cindy Wilson
Astralwerks singles |
The 1979 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first season under head coach Brian Burke, the Bobcats compiled a 6–5 record (4–4 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for fourth place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 238 to 174. They played their home games in Peden Stadium in Athens, Ohio.
Schedule
References
Ohio
Ohio Bobcats football seasons
Ohio Bobcats football |
The Broad Street Historic District is a historic district in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is bounded roughly by Juniper, Cherry, 15th, and Pine Streets, covering an area about one block on either side of Broad Street.
The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
Contributing properties
Academy of Music (Philadelphia)
Land Title Building
Masonic Temple
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Philadelphia City Hall
Philadelphia National Bank Building
Philadelphia Stock Exchange
Philadelphia College of Art
Union League of Philadelphia
See also
Broad Street (Philadelphia)
References
External links
District Map, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
[ NRHP Inventory], Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
Beaux-Arts architecture in Pennsylvania
Victorian architecture in Pennsylvania
Historic districts in Philadelphia
Center City, Philadelphia
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Philadelphia |
Joliette Institution for Women () is a prison for women in Joliette, Quebec, northeast of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) and has a capacity of 132 prisoners.
Built in 1997, it originally had a capacity for 80 prisoners; it is one of several prisons that replaced the Kingston Prison for Women.
Composition
The prison has an on-site day care, and there is a parenting skills program in which prisoners may babysit children.
The prison has ten two-story cottage units, with each one housing eight women.
In April 2003, a maximum security wing opened, costing $4-million. There is also a ten-person maximum security unit that was scheduled to be completed in 2013–2014.
Notable prisoners
Karla Homolka – Transferred to Joliette in 1997. Few area residents knew that she was located there nor her status. After her lifestyle at Joliette was revealed to the media, she was transferred to the Regional Reception Centre in March 2001. In 2003, she was scheduled to be moved back to Joliette after its maximum security wing opened.
References
External links
Joliette Institution for Women - Correctional Service of Canada
Joliette Institution for Women - Correctional Service of Canada
Prisons in Quebec
Women's prisons in Canada
Buildings and structures in Lanaudière
1997 establishments in Quebec
Women in Quebec
Women in Montreal |
Scissor grinder cicada may refer to:
Neotibicen pruinosus, or "Scissor grinder"
Neotibicen latifasciatus, or "Coastal scissor grinder"
Neotibicen winnemanna, or "Eastern scissor grinder"
Animal common name disambiguation pages |
```yaml
define: DUK_USE_BUILTIN_INITJS
introduced: 1.0.0
removed: 2.0.0
default: true
tags:
- ecmascript
description: >
Use built-in .js init code when creating a new global context.
The .js init code (duk_initjs.js) provides some initialization
code that's nicer to implement in ECMAScript, and is also used
to provide some backwards compatibility bindings which are easy
to remove later.
``` |
```php
<?php
/**
* @group image
* @group media
* @group upload
* @group resize
*/
require_once __DIR__ . '/base.php';
abstract class WP_Tests_Image_Resize_UnitTestCase extends WP_Image_UnitTestCase {
public function set_up() {
parent::set_up();
add_filter( 'wp_image_editors', array( $this, 'wp_image_editors' ) );
}
public function wp_image_editors() {
return array( $this->editor_engine );
}
public function test_resize_jpg() {
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-image.jpg', 25, 25 );
list( $w, $h, $type ) = getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( 'test-image-25x25.jpg', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 25, $w );
$this->assertSame( 25, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_JPEG, $type );
}
public function test_resize_png() {
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-image.png', 25, 25 );
if ( ! is_string( $image ) ) { // WP_Error, stop GLib-GObject-CRITICAL assertion.
$this->fail( sprintf( 'No PNG support in the editor engine %s on this system.', $this->editor_engine ) );
}
list( $w, $h, $type ) = getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( 'test-image-25x25.png', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 25, $w );
$this->assertSame( 25, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_PNG, $type );
}
public function test_resize_gif() {
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-image.gif', 25, 25 );
if ( ! is_string( $image ) ) { // WP_Error, stop GLib-GObject-CRITICAL assertion.
$this->fail( sprintf( 'No GIF support in the editor engine %s on this system.', $this->editor_engine ) );
}
list( $w, $h, $type ) = getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( 'test-image-25x25.gif', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 25, $w );
$this->assertSame( 25, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_GIF, $type );
}
public function test_resize_webp() {
$file = DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-image.webp';
$editor = wp_get_image_editor( $file );
// Check if the editor supports the webp mime type.
if ( is_wp_error( $editor ) || ! $editor->supports_mime_type( 'image/webp' ) ) {
$this->markTestSkipped( sprintf( 'No WebP support in the editor engine %s on this system.', $this->editor_engine ) );
}
$image = $this->resize_helper( $file, 25, 25 );
list( $w, $h, $type ) = wp_getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( 'test-image-25x25.webp', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 25, $w );
$this->assertSame( 25, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_WEBP, $type );
}
/**
* Test resizing AVIF image.
*
* @ticket 51228
*/
public function test_resize_avif() {
$file = DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/avif-lossy.avif';
$editor = wp_get_image_editor( $file );
// Check if the editor supports the avif mime type.
if ( is_wp_error( $editor ) || ! $editor->supports_mime_type( 'image/avif' ) ) {
$this->markTestSkipped( sprintf( 'No AVIF support in the editor engine %s on this system.', $this->editor_engine ) );
}
$image = $this->resize_helper( $file, 25, 25 );
list( $w, $h, $type ) = wp_getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( 'avif-lossy-25x25.avif', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 25, $w );
$this->assertSame( 25, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_AVIF, $type );
}
/**
* Test resizing HEIC image.
*
* @ticket 53645
*/
public function test_resize_heic() {
$file = DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-image.heic';
$editor = wp_get_image_editor( $file );
// Check if the editor supports the HEIC mime type.
if ( is_wp_error( $editor ) || ! $editor->supports_mime_type( 'image/heic' ) ) {
$this->markTestSkipped( 'No HEIC support in the editor engine on this system.' );
}
$image = $this->resize_helper( $file, 25, 25 );
list( $w, $h, $type ) = wp_getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( 'test-image-25x25.jpg', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 25, $w );
$this->assertSame( 25, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_JPEG, $type );
}
public function test_resize_larger() {
// image_resize() should refuse to make an image larger.
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-image.jpg', 100, 100 );
$this->assertInstanceOf( 'WP_Error', $image );
$this->assertSame( 'error_getting_dimensions', $image->get_error_code() );
}
public function test_resize_thumb_128x96() {
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/2007-06-17DSC_4173.JPG', 128, 96 );
list( $w, $h, $type ) = getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( '2007-06-17DSC_4173-64x96.jpg', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 64, $w );
$this->assertSame( 96, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_JPEG, $type );
}
public function test_resize_thumb_128x0() {
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/2007-06-17DSC_4173.JPG', 128, 0 );
list( $w, $h, $type ) = getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( '2007-06-17DSC_4173-128x193.jpg', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 128, $w );
$this->assertSame( 193, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_JPEG, $type );
}
public function test_resize_thumb_0x96() {
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/2007-06-17DSC_4173.JPG', 0, 96 );
list( $w, $h, $type ) = getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( '2007-06-17DSC_4173-64x96.jpg', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 64, $w );
$this->assertSame( 96, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_JPEG, $type );
}
public function test_resize_thumb_150x150_crop() {
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/2007-06-17DSC_4173.JPG', 150, 150, true );
list( $w, $h, $type ) = getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( '2007-06-17DSC_4173-150x150.jpg', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 150, $w );
$this->assertSame( 150, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_JPEG, $type );
}
public function test_resize_thumb_150x100_crop() {
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/2007-06-17DSC_4173.JPG', 150, 100, true );
list( $w, $h, $type ) = getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( '2007-06-17DSC_4173-150x100.jpg', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 150, $w );
$this->assertSame( 100, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_JPEG, $type );
}
public function test_resize_thumb_50x150_crop() {
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/2007-06-17DSC_4173.JPG', 50, 150, true );
list( $w, $h, $type ) = getimagesize( $image );
unlink( $image );
$this->assertSame( '2007-06-17DSC_4173-50x150.jpg', wp_basename( $image ) );
$this->assertSame( 50, $w );
$this->assertSame( 150, $h );
$this->assertSame( IMAGETYPE_JPEG, $type );
}
/**
* Try resizing a non-existent image
*
* @ticket 6821
*/
public function test_resize_non_existent_image() {
$image = $this->resize_helper( DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-non-existent-image.jpg', 25, 25 );
$this->assertInstanceOf( 'WP_Error', $image );
$this->assertSame( 'error_loading_image', $image->get_error_code() );
}
/**
* Function to help out the tests
*/
protected function resize_helper( $file, $width, $height, $crop = false ) {
$editor = wp_get_image_editor( $file );
if ( is_wp_error( $editor ) ) {
return $editor;
}
$resized = $editor->resize( $width, $height, $crop );
if ( is_wp_error( $resized ) ) {
return $resized;
}
$dest_file = $editor->generate_filename();
$saved = $editor->save( $dest_file );
if ( is_wp_error( $saved ) ) {
return $saved;
}
return $saved['path'];
}
}
``` |
Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) is a programme for postgraduate medical training introduced in the United Kingdom in 2005. The programme replaced the traditional grades of medical career before the level of Consultant. The different stages of the programme contribute towards a "Certificate of Completion of Training" (CCT). It has been dogged by criticism within and outside the medical profession, and an independent review of MMC led by Professor Sir John Tooke criticised many aspects of it.
MMC refers to both the programme itself, and also to the temporary organization, formed in 2003, responsible for its nationwide implementation.
Structure
Foundation Programme
From 2005 new medical graduates embarked on a two-year Foundation Programme in place of the former one-year Pre-registration house officer (PRHO) term and the first year of the former Senior house officer (SHO) term, with the older titles nominally replaced by "Foundation House Officer 1" or F1 and "Foundation House Officer 2" or F2. In keeping with the previous system, new graduates are only provisionally registered with the General Medical Council (GMC) during the first year, with full registration taking place following successful completion of the first year of postgraduate training. At this point doctors move straight into the F2 year in most, but not all, foundation schools, without having to apply again. Under the previous system, doctors applied for SHO jobs within six to eight months of beginning work as a PRHO.
The Foundation Programme consists of two years training split into rotations of three or four months in different specialties. The programme features continuing assessments, and the introduction of a national curriculum intended to nationalise and standardise medical training. As part of this junior doctors are required to maintain a "learning portfolio". Despite these notional benefits, 69% of doctors surveyed felt F2 was not an improvement on the first-year SHO experience it replaced, with experiences of the programme "very variable".
Specialty Training
The next stage of training is the Specialty Registrar (StR). This is a unification of the previous training grades of SHO (except for year 1) and the old SpR grade. The duration of StR training varies by specialty, but as with the Foundation years, all programmes have a standardised curriculum and assessment model that is approved by the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board. In 2007 appointments were made centrally, but following the disastrous outcomes of that system, whereby some 14,000 junior doctors were left without jobs, many specialties have appointed registrars locally since 2008.
This meant that doctors are required under the new system to choose a specialty midway through F2, after just one-and-a-half years of practice. Under the old system, doctors had the flexibility to try a variety of different jobs before deciding what to specialise in, and this allowed them to build a broader base for their ultimate specialism. This change ran entirely against existing and subsequent evidence that junior doctors do not know immediately what specialism they wish to pursue, with fewer than a third thinking they knew after F1 and with many forced to decide on a specialism without having had any opportunity to practice it. In keeping with these data, 66% of doctors surveyed felt Foundation Training had not had a positive effect on clinical service delivery.
On completion of these training programmes, trainees will be awarded a Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT) and will be entitled to enter the Specialist Register or the General Practitioner (GP) Register as appropriate.
Medical Assessment
Another principle of MMC has been that doctors from Foundation level and upwards undergo regular assessment of their skills and activities while in practice. This would commence for Foundation level in August 2005, with the new intake of Foundation trainees. After spending extensively on a management consultant to advise on how to go about this, MMC failed to resolve how this would be implemented and handed the decision at the last moment in July 2005 to the deaneries. In the few weeks they were given to organize the assessment for their own trainees, thirteen deaneries and the small cohort of naval medical trainees opted to use Healthcare Assessment and Training (HcAT), based at Sheffield Children's Hospital. A smaller number of deaneries opted to use the NHS eportfolio, based in NHS Scotland.
Rationale
MMC was intended to "improve patient care by improving medical education with a transparent and efficient career path for doctors". This followed the publication of the NHS Plan 2000, which committed to increase the number of consultants in the NHS and to "modernise the Senior House Officer (SHO) grade".
While these principles received broad support, their implementation has not, largely because the Department of Health has achieved an increase in the number of consultants by reducing the length of training required to reach the grade from an average of 21,000 to just 6,000 hours. This has led to accusations in the press, from regional medical selection committees, and from Remedy UK that it has been a "dumbing-down" process.
In keeping with this accusation, just 1% of doctors surveyed in the Tooke Report felt that run-through training would have a positive effect on clinical service delivery, and 58% believed patients would not benefit from MMC.
Implementation
MTAS
In 2007 appointment to this level of training was facilitated using the Medical Training Application Service. Due to several system failures and political pressure, this was abandoned partway during the process. In 2008, following significant pressure from junior doctors, the MMC Programme Board for England came to an agreement to revert to a local application process determined by deaneries and specialties. Agreement was made that no further attempts would be made to introduce new selection methodologies without piloting, academic evaluation and professional buy-in.
Concerns have been expressed by Remedy UK, in the Lancet, and by the British Medical Association, among others that the reforms have not been fully thought through, may worsen the training situation for many junior doctors, and may be part of a covert plan to create "a permanent subclass" of cheap, undertrained subspecialists.
Criticisms
A number of criticisms have been made about the new MMC system, and it was perceived sufficiently poorly within the medical profession that its implementation was ultimately boycotted by senior doctors around the country.
The transition to the new system and the Medical Training Application Service (MTAS) have been particularly criticised. In order to implement MMC, all trainees not appointed to specialist registrar posts for 1 August 2007 were required to apply for posts on the new MMC curriculum, with far fewer posts than applicants. However, the application process has had technical problems, and was criticised over the weighting and marking of the applications, with one London training school calling it "unfair and ineffective" in resigning from the process.
There were also concerns expressed over the number of training posts available and the subsequent risk that trained doctors would be forced to emigrate or leave the profession as they would be unable to find jobs in the UK. Government claims that there were 23,000 posts for 32,000 applicants were revealed by subsequent work to be 4,500 out, with the actual number appearing to be 18,500.
On 17 March 2007 doctors marched in mass protest orchestrated by Remedy UK against the system in London and Glasgow.
Resignations
On 30 March 2007, Professor Alan Crockard resigned as national director of Modernising Medical Careers. In his letter of resignation to Prof Sir Liam Donaldson the chief medical officer for England, Professor Crockard stated that he was increasingly aware that he had "responsibility, but less and less authority" and that "the overriding message coming back from the profession is that it has lost confidence in the current recruitment system". Professor Crockard asked that this be urgently addressed "in the interest of the most important people in the whole process, the junior doctors".
On 31 March 2007, Alex Liakos, one of the student advisers to MMC, also resigned, citing widespread misgivings about MMC as a whole and "tokenistic" involvement of doctors in the process.
On 5 April 2007 Professor Shelley Heard resigned as MMC National Clinical Advisor, expressing her support for MMC in principle but citing the major problems with the recruitment process and concerns over the conclusions of the Department of Health's Review Group.
The MTAS affair was swiftly followed by a purge of the remaining members of MMC, and by mid or late 2007 all of the senior members of MMC had been replaced, effectively forming a new organization.
Department of Health response
The Department of Health launched a full review of the recruitment process for specialty training on 9 March 2007. On 22 March 2007 the Review Group issued a statement building on the recommendations they had made and guaranteeing interviews to all long-listable applicants. These recommendations were not found acceptable by the British Medical Association's junior doctors committee and they pulled out from the negotiations with the government on 23 March.
Secretary of State's apologies
On 3 April 2007, during an interview on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, the Health Secretary Patricia Hewitt apologised to junior doctors over the crisis, saying that the application scheme had caused "needless anxiety and distress". The BMA welcomed the government's acknowledgement of the problem but stated that "an apology isn't enough". Patricia Hewitt's apology was repeated to parliament on 16 April 2007, in which she stated that "the problems that have arisen relate in the main to the implementation process and not to the underlying principles of Modernising Medical Careers.". This was later disputed in the independent inquiry into MMC by Sir John Tooke.
Later that month Shadow Health Secretary Andrew Lansley accused Ms Hewitt of failing to express genuine regret over the situation.
On 1 May 2007 Ms Hewitt made another apology in the House of Commons after the suspension of the MTAS website due to security breaches that she described as "utterly deplorable".
MTAS website taken offline
The MTAS website was suspended on 26 April 2007 after a Channel 4 News report stated that applicants had been able to see each other's files by changing two digits in the personalised web address given to each individual. At that point the Department of Health announced that this was a temporary suspension.
On 15 May 2007 MTAS was shelved by ministers due to security breaches. Patricia Hewitt said that after the first round of recruitment, the system would only fulfil a monitoring role that year.
Judicial review
A judicial review of MTAS was requested by pressure group Remedy UK, who demanded that the appointments process should be scrapped altogether. The case was heard in the High Court from 16 to 17 May 2007. On Wednesday 23 May 2007 Mr Justice Goldring ruled against Remedy UK, stating that "although far from ideal", the Review Group's decision on amending the appointments process after the first round of interviews was "within the range of reasonable responses", and that the Review Group was "entitled to reach the decision it did given the circumstances facing it at the time". Although he ruled against invalidating the interviews that had already taken place, Mr Justice Goldring added that this judgement did not imply that junior doctors were not entitled to feel aggrieved, as "the premature introduction of MTAS has had disastrous consequences". Remedy UK have said they will not appeal the verdict, in order to avoid further uncertainty for junior doctors.
Aftermath
For the 2008 specialty recruitment, deaneries and Royal Colleges were asked to arrange the recruitment for all specialities themselves, with particular deaneries or Colleges handling national recruitment for particular disciplines. Although the intention was to have a new version of MTAS operations for the 2009 recruitment process, again this is being handed over the colleges and deaneries.
Impact on training
Obliging doctors to adhere to the European Working Time Directive has had an effect on patient care and on medical training with the Royal College of Surgeons of England reviewing research in 2009 and finding that there were not enough surgeons to fill rotas if they worked only 48 hours a week. They further noted that 90% trainees were exceeding their rostered hours on a weekly basis, 85% reported coming in to do operations on their days off, only 25% felt the working patterns held by their human resources departments accurately reflected their actual working hours, and 55% reported being pressured to falsely declare their actual hours worked. More than two thirds felt the quality of their training and operative skills had deteriorated as a result of shift-working patterns brought in to meet working time regulations, and 71% felt the reduction in working hours had not led to any improvement in their work/life balance.
The Association of Surgeons in Training have stated that they believe 65 hours a week is required to gain the necessary training opportunities, and that 80% of respondents to a survey they ran would support an opt-out of the European Working Time Regulation (EWTR) to protect training.
See also
Modernising Scientific Careers
References
External links
Archive of the Modernising Medical Careers website
Archive of the Scottish Modernising Medical Careers website
Modernising Medical Careers - publication by the Department of Health
Archive of the Medical Training Application Service website
Archive of an online survey of doctors about MMC
Archive of Remedy UK website - protest organisation founded in response to MMC
Medical education in the United Kingdom
Medical students |
The King George V Reservoir, also known as King George's Reservoir, is located in the London Borough of Enfield and is part of the Lee Valley Reservoir Chain that supplies London with drinking water. The storage reservoir is bordered by Sewardstone and Chingford to the east and Brimsdown and Ponders End to the west, and covers 420 acres (170 hectares), making it the largest in London. The reservoir and the nearby William Girling Reservoir are known collectively as the Chingford Reservoirs, and are owned and managed by Thames Water.
History
The reservoir was conceived as part of an overall plan for the Lea Valley and was laid before the Royal Commission on Water Supply (Balfour Committee) in 1893. At this time the responsible authority was the East London Waterworks Company. However, under the provisions of the Metropolis Water Act 1902, the undertakings of this as well as seven other companies were transferred to the Metropolitan Water Board.
Construction was started in 1908 and completed in 1912. The reservoir was opened by H.M.King George V in 1913, hence the name.
The Metropolitan Water Board operated the reservoir until the Board was abolished in 1974 under the provisions of the Water Act 1973 (c. 37) and ownership and control transferred to the Thames Water Authority. Under the provisions of the Water Act 1989 (c. 15) the Thames Water Authority was privatised as Thames Water.
Description
The reservoir was formed by the construction of a continuous embankment on the floodplain of the River Lea at Chingford. An earth embankment divides the reservoir into two compartments that are connected by three large diameter culverts. The external grassed embankment consists of a central puddle clay core with shoulder filling comprising a mixture of river terraced gravels and alluvial deposits.
The reservoir embankment has a puddle clay core extending down into the underlying London Clay and gravel/earth shoulders at a slope of 1 in 3. The top of the embankment is 10 m above the surrounding land. The key engineering parameters are:
Located in the NW corner is the original inlet pumping station by W.B. Bryan and finished in red brick and Portland stone. Still in situ are three of the five gas-fuelled liquid-piston pumps designed by H. A. Humphrey. In 1970 these were made redundant by the installation of a vertical spindle electric pump.
The emergency drawdown rate (the rate at which the water level in the reservoir can be reduced) was about 0.35 metres/day. Inspections in 2005-07 identified that this was inadequate, and proposed that the drawdown should be 1.0 m/d as defined in the provisions of the Reservoirs Act 1975 (c.23). This was achieved by installing twin 1.2 m diameter siphon pipes over the embankment. The valves controlling the outflow are 8.0 m high and have a flow capacity of 7 m3/s. The siphons are located in the south east corner of the reservoir and discharge is into the River Lee Diversion.
Ecology
The water is part of the Chingford Reservoirs Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). It is a major wintering ground for wildfowl and wetland birds, including nationally important numbers of some species. The water also forms a moult refuge for a large population of wildfowl during the late summer months. A total of 85 wetland species have been recorded here in recent years.
Recreation
The reservoir is popular with birdwatchers, and is home to the King George Sailing Club. Access has required permits and a key are required to visit the water, which were obtained from Thames Water. Since July 2016, access arrangements have been "under review", a process which is still ongoing in February 2020.
Water supply
Water is supplied to the reservoir from the New River, via the Northern Transfer Tunnel, and the River Lee Diversion.
Access
Vehicular access is at Lea Valley Road A110
Ponders End railway station
London Buses route 313
See also
London water supply infrastructure
List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater London
References
Literature
A Poacher's Tale. Told by A.T. Curtis. Related by Fred J Speakman. Includes several references to the reservoir. . Published 1960 by George Bell & Sons.
An Edmonton Boy by Terry Webb. Reference to the reservoir on page 36. . Published 2000 by Biograph.
External links
British dams
King George Sailing Club
The Humphrey pump
National Archives-H A Humphrey
English Nature, Chingford Reservoirs citation
English Nature, Nature on the Map, Chingford Reservoirs
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in London
Thames Water reservoirs
Reservoirs in London
Drinking water reservoirs in England |
```objective-c
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// WARNING: THIS FILE IS GENERATED. DO NOT EDIT.
//
#define TF_MAX_ARITY 7
#include "pxr/pxr.h"
#include "pxr/base/arch/defines.h"
#if defined(ARCH_OS_DARWIN)
#include <mach/mach_time.h>
#endif
#if defined(ARCH_OS_LINUX)
#include <unistd.h>
#include <x86intrin.h>
#endif
#if defined(ARCH_OS_WINDOWS)
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif
#include <Windows.h>
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
#include <algorithm>
#include <any>
#include <atomic>
#include <cfloat>
#include <cinttypes>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <istream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <locale>
#include <map>
#include <math.h>
#include <memory>
#include <new>
#include <numeric>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <streambuf>
#include <string>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <typeindex>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#ifdef PXR_PYTHON_SUPPORT_ENABLED
#include <boost/python/object_fwd.hpp>
#include <boost/python/object_operators.hpp>
#if defined(__APPLE__) // Fix breakage caused by Python's pyport.h.
#undef tolower
#undef toupper
#endif
#endif // PXR_PYTHON_SUPPORT_ENABLED
#include <tbb/cache_aligned_allocator.h>
#include <tbb/spin_mutex.h>
#ifdef PXR_PYTHON_SUPPORT_ENABLED
#include "pxr/base/tf/pySafePython.h"
#endif // PXR_PYTHON_SUPPORT_ENABLED
``` |
The WTO General Council, on 26 May 2009, agreed to hold a seventh WTO ministerial conference session in Geneva from 30 November - 3 December 2009. A statement by chairman Amb. Mario Matus acknowledged that the prime purpose was to remedy a breach of protocol requiring two-yearly "regular" meetings, which had lapsed with the Doha Round failure in 2005, and that the "scaled-down" meeting would not be a negotiating session, but "emphasis will be on transparency and open discussion rather than on small group processes and informal negotiating structures". The general theme for discussion is "The WTO, the Multilateral Trading System and the Current Global Economic Environment".
References
World Trade Organization ministerial conferences
2009 in Switzerland
Diplomatic conferences in Switzerland
21st-century diplomatic conferences
2009 in international relations
History of Geneva
21st century in Geneva
November 2009 events in Europe
December 2009 events in Europe |
Île Fourchue, also known as Île Fourche is an island between Saint-Barthélemy and Saint Martin, belonging to the Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy. The island's inside is privately owned. It is located about 5 km north-west of the island of Saint Barthelemy. Previously, Fourchue Island was called Five Islands because of prominent five peaks visible from the distance. The highest point is 103 meter above sea level. It is situated within Réserve naturelle nationale de Saint-Barthélemy.
History
Fourchue Island is known as the retreat of Balthazar Biguard, an immigrant from Marseille fleeing the French Revolution, Saint-Barthélemy being at that time Swedish territory. He ended up acquiring Swedish citizenship, living apart from the rest of the world until he died in 1827 at the age of 85. He is buried on this island.
Important Bird Area
Petite Islette, a 1.3 ha, 33 m high, islet at the western end of Fourchue, has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding colony of brown boobies. Three species of reptiles are present: the Lesser Antillean iguana (endemic of the Lesser Antilles), Anguilla anole and Caribbean ameiva.
References
Important Bird Areas of Saint Barthélemy
Environment of Saint Barthélemy
Seabird colonies
Islands of Saint Barthélemy
Uninhabited islands of France |
Thomas Lebherz (born 26 June 1963) is a retired German backstroke swimmer who won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m medley relay at the 1985 European Aquatics Championships. Between 1979 and 1986 he won six national titles in the 100 m and 200 m backstroke events. His son, Yannick Lebherz (b. 1989) is also a competitive swimmer.
References
1963 births
Living people
German male swimmers
Male backstroke swimmers
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming |
```html+erb
<p>
Hey <%= @user.name %>, thanks for subscribing to DEV++!
</p>
<p style="font-weight: bold">
Visit the <a href="path_to_url">DEV++ Hub</a> to get started.
</p>
<p>
As an early-bird member of the program, some of the features and deals are not yet live, but congrats on getting in early! We will be turning everything on and adding new deals soon.
</p>
<p>
Happy coding
</p>
``` |
Lawton High School (LHS) was the first high school built in Lawton, Oklahoma. Lawton High is located at 601 Northwest Fort Sill Boulevard in Lawton, Oklahoma. The school was originally housed in a building on 800 Southwest 'C' Avenue, which later came to be the Central Junior High building until the junior high was also moved to 1201 Northwest Fort Sill Boulevard. The current Lawton High School was built in 1954.
Athletics championships
Oklahoma 6A
Football: 2014 Runner Up, 2016 Runner Up
Oklahoma 5A
Football: 1987
Wrestling: 1989, 1992, 1993
Wrestling: National Champions 1993
Oklahoma 4A
Football: 1970
Boys Track: 1974, 1976
110 Hurdles State Meet Record: 1980
Oklahoma 2A
Baseball: 1959, 1962, 1964, 1965
Boys Basketball: 1962
Football: 1962, 1963
Boys Track: 1960, 1961, 1962
Oklahoma A
Boys Tennis
Singles: 1966
Girls Tennis: 1958, 1959, 1962
Doubles: 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966
Singles: 1959, 1962
Oklahoma Class 1
Girls Basketball: 1928
Girls Golf: 1939
Notable alumni
John Bateman – Major League Baseball (MLB) player
Randy Bass – MLB and Nippon Professional Baseball player
Don Blanding – American poet, graduated in 1912
John Paul Brammer – advice columnist / writer
Dewell Brewer – National Football League (NFL) player
C. J. Cherryh – Award-winning science fiction novelist
Ginny Creveling – activist and charity organizer
Darryl Gardner – NFL player
Weldon Gentry – NFL player and coach
Eddie Hinton – NFL player
Butch Huskey – MLB player
Stacey King – National Basketball Association (NBA) player
Mike Minter – NFL player and football coach
Rico Noel – MLB player
Antonio Perkins – NFL player
Will Shields – NFL player
Ray Gene Smith – NFL player
Kelly Stinnett – MLB player
Tony Sumpter – NFL player
James Trapp – NFL player
Hank Walbrick – College football coach
Footnotes
External links
Official Lawton High School Website
Lawton Public Schools
Public high schools in Oklahoma
Lawton, Oklahoma
Educational institutions established in 1901
Schools in Comanche County, Oklahoma
1901 establishments in Oklahoma Territory |
The 2021–22 National Basketball League (Bulgaria) season is the 81st season of the Bulgarian NBL.
Teams
Regular season
In the regular season, teams play against each other three times home-and-away in a double round-robin format. The draw for the first 18 rounds, was made on 10 September and was show in the NBL youtube channel. The season will start on 9 October. The top eight teams advance to the playoffs.
League table
</onlyinclude>
Results
Playoffs
Bracket
Player of the round
Bulgarian clubs in European competitions
NBL clubs in regional competitions
References
National Basketball League (Bulgaria) seasons
Bulgarian |
```javascript
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import React from 'react';
import ReactWebChat from './WebChat';
class App extends React.Component {
render() {
const {
props: { backgroundColor, dispatch }
} = this;
return (
<div id="app" style={{ backgroundColor }}>
<ReactWebChat appDispatch={dispatch} />
</div>
);
}
}
export default connect(({ backgroundColor }) => ({ backgroundColor }))(App);
``` |
The 1890 Richmond Colts football team was an American football team that represented Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—as an independent during the 1890 college football season. The team went winless and was coached by University of Richmond alumnus C. T. Taylor.
Schedule
References
Richmond
Richmond Spiders football seasons
College football winless seasons
Richmond Colts football |
Yve is a masculine or French feminine given name of Germanic origin, which is related to Yvonne and Yves, and may be used as a shortened form of Yvain or Yvette. It is also an uncommon surname. Yve may refer to:
Yve-Alain Bois (born 1952), French art historian
Yve Buckland (born 1956), British public servant
Yve Laris Cohen (born 1985), American artist
Yve Fehring (born 1973), German TV presenter
See also
Eve (name)
Evi (disambiguation)
Evie (disambiguation)
Ive (given name)
Ivey (disambiguation)
Ivy (disambiguation)
Yves (given name)
Yvette
Yvonne
References
Given names derived from plants or flowers |
Jimmy Weinert (born August 14, 1951) is an American former professional motocross and supercross racer. He competed in the AMA Motocross Championships from 1972 to 1980. Weinert won 22 AMA Nationals and three AMA national championships during his racing career. In 1973, Weinert became the first American to defeat international-level riders in the Trans-AMA motocross series. That victory marked a turning point that brought American motocross up to par with the then dominant European riders.
Motocross career
Born in Middletown, New York, Weinert was the son of a motorcycle dealer and began riding at an early age. Early in his career, he split his time between motocross and dirt track oval racing however, an injury while racing on the high speed dirt track ovals convinced him to concentrate on the burgeoning sport of motocross.
Weinert began racing professionally in 1970 riding a CZ. In 1972 he finished runner up to Gary Jones in the inaugural AMA 250cc motocross national championship. At the end of the 1972 season, Weinert along with Jones, Brad Lackey and Jim Pomeroy were selected by the AMA to be the first American team to represent the United States at the Motocross des Nations where the team posted a seventh place result.
Weinert earned a place on the Kawasaki factory racing team and went on to win the 1974 AMA 500cc national championship. Weinert along with Brad Lackey, Jim Pomeroy and Tony DiStefano represented the United States at the 1974 Motocross des Nations event where they finished in an impressive second-place, marking the best-ever result at the time for an American team at the event. He successfully defended his 500cc national championship title in 1975. He also won the 1976 AMA 250cc Supercross championship.
In the 1979 Supercross championship, Weinert won the Oakland Coliseum round by using a scoop paddle rear tire to win both his heat race and the main event. Within a few weeks, the AMA had banned the use of paddle tires. His last national victory came at the 1979 Daytona Supercross race. Nagging injuries as well as a new generation of younger competitors such as Bob Hannah and Kent Howerton led Weinert to retire in 1980.
Weinert continues his involvement in the sport competing in vintage motocross events and operating a motocross training facility in Maysville, North Carolina. In 1999, he was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame.
References
External links
Jimmy Weinert at the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame
American Motorcyclist, January 1976, Vol. 30, No. 1,
Jimmy Weinert's 1974 Kawasaki KX450 race bike at the American Motorcyclist Magazine
Jimmy Weinert Training Facility
1951 births
Living people
People from Middletown, Orange County, New York
Sportspeople from Orange County, New York
American motocross riders
AMA Motocross Championship National Champions |
Bernard Miyet, born 16 December 1946 in Bourg-de-Péage, is a former French diplomat and public servant. He served as the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations from January 1997 to September 2000, and was the first French to be nominated to the position. Miyet is the current president of the French Association for the United Nations (AFNU), the official French chapter of WFUNA.
Biography
Early life
Miyet attended the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies. He later graduated from the École nationale d'administration in 1976.
Career
In 1976, Miyet entered the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where he joined the United Nations desk of the ministry. In 1979, he became First Secretary at the permanent mission of France to the United Nations in Geneva. In 1981, he left the diplomatic service to become the Chief of staff of the Minister of Communications of France, Georges Fillioud. He left the position in 1983 and became the president of Sofirad, a French public company whose mandate was the oversight of the French state's involvement in radio broadcasting and television, where he stayed until 1985. In the spring of that year, he joined Schlumberger Ltd as special advisor to Jean Riboud, where he was tasked with the creation of the TV channel La Cinquième (now France 5).
Following his work in the audiovisual sector, he served as Consul-General of France to Los Angeles from 1986 to 1989. Miyet then returned to France as deputy Director General of cultural, scientific and technical relations of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where he stayed until 1991. He then moved to Geneva to become the Permanent representative to the United Nations for France. In 1993, then minister Jack Lang put him in charge of negotiating the Cultural exception during the 1993 GATT negotiations. Miyet then became Ambassador of France to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in November 1994.
On 28 January 1997, Kofi Annan announced the nomination of Miyet to Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations. This decision was reached after the United States used their veto to block a second term to Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali and pushed to elect Kofi Annan as Secretary General instead, which France initially opposed. Resistance was overcome when the French were promised the Under-Secretary-General seat, which was filled by Miyet, instead of the former advisor of Annan, Iqbal Riza. Miyet was the first French person in the position, and since his term all of the Under-Secretary-Generals for Peacekeeping Operations have been French nationals.
Published works
"Les Nations unies et la lutte contre les mines antipersonnel : au-delà d'Ottawa". In: Politique étrangère, n°4 – 1997 – 62nd year. pp. 629–639. ("The United Nations and the fight against landmines: beyond Ottawa").
See also
United Nations Department of Peace Operations
References
1946 births
Living people
People from Bourg-de-Péage
Under-Secretaries-General of the United Nations
French officials of the United Nations
French diplomats |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="path_to_url">
<ItemGroup>
<Filter Include="Source Files">
<UniqueIdentifier>{be926348-85ad-4cf1-a1e8-b80f1444cb3d}</UniqueIdentifier>
<Extensions>cpp;c;def;bat</Extensions>
</Filter>
<Filter Include="Header Files">
<UniqueIdentifier>{eaf2312c-5ab0-465b-a07f-7dcfe858524c}</UniqueIdentifier>
<Extensions>h;hpp;inc</Extensions>
</Filter>
<Filter Include="Resource Files">
<UniqueIdentifier>{a13894a6-5b09-4a36-a4b9-a9abf1a488e6}</UniqueIdentifier>
<Extensions>ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;cnt;rtf;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe</Extensions>
</Filter>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\cm_load.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\cm_patch.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\cm_polylib.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\cm_test.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\cm_trace.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\cmd.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\common.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\cvar.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\files.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\history.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\huffman.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\huffman_static.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\keys.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\md4.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\md5.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\msg.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\net_chan.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\net_ip.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\q_math.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\q_shared.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\server\sv_bot.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\server\sv_ccmds.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\server\sv_client.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\server\sv_game.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\server\sv_init.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\server\sv_main.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\server\sv_net_chan.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\server\sv_snapshot.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\server\sv_world.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\unzip.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\vm.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\vm_interpreted.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\qcommon\vm_x86.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\win_main.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\win_shared.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\win_syscon.c">
<Filter>Source Files</Filter>
</ClCompile>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\game\bg_public.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\cgame\cg_public.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\client\client.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\cm_local.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\cm_patch.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\cm_polylib.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\cm_public.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\game\g_public.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\client\keycodes.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\client\keys.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\q_platform.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\q_shared.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\qcommon.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\qfiles.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\resource.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\server\server.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\client\snd_local.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\client\snd_public.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\surfaceflags.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\ui\ui_public.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\unzip.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\qcommon\vm_local.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
<ClInclude Include="..\win_local.h">
<Filter>Header Files</Filter>
</ClInclude>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Image Include="..\qe3.ico">
<Filter>Resource Files</Filter>
</Image>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ResourceCompile Include="..\win_resource.rc">
<Filter>Resource Files</Filter>
</ResourceCompile>
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
``` |
Chester Bliss may refer to:
Chester Bliss Bowles (1901–1986), American diplomat and politician from Connecticut
Chester Ittner Bliss (1899–1979), American biologist and statistician |
We All Shine is the second mixtape by American rapper and singer YNW Melly, released on January 18, 2019, through 300 Entertainment. It features the song "Mixed Personalities", which became famous after the rapper obtained a feature from Kanye West.
Commercial performance
In YNW Melly's home country of the United States, We All Shine debuted at number 27 on the US Billboard 200. In Canada, the mixtape peaked at number 27 on the Canadian Albums Chart. On April 9, 2020, the mixtape was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for over 500,000 album-equivalent units.
Track listing
Credits adapted from Genius.
All tracks written by Jamell Demons, Kanye Omari West & Fredrick Givens II.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
2018 mixtape albums
YNW Melly albums
300 Entertainment mixtape albums |
Nelson Cabrera may refer to:
Nelson Cabrera (Uruguayan footballer) (born 1967), former Uruguayan footballer
Nelson David Cabrera (born 1983), Bolivian football defender |
```html
<header class="site-header">
<div class="wrapper">
<a class="page-logo" href="{{ site.baseurl }}/">
<svg width="202" height="26" viewBox="0 0 202 26">
<use href="/assets/systemd-logo.svg#systemd-logo"/>
</svg>
</a>
</div>
</header>
``` |
Mosseri is a Hebrew surname. It may be a patronymic derivation from the name "Moses" It may also be derived from the word Masri/Misr, meaning "Egyptian"/"Egypt", i.e., may refer to a person hailing from Egypt, cf. "Mizrahi".
Abe Mosseri (born 1974), American backgammon and poker player
Adam Mosseri (born 1983), Israeli-American businessman
Emile Mosseri (born 1985), American composer, pianist, singer and producer
Ido Mosseri (born 1978), Israeli actor,musician, director and television presenter
Tal Mosseri (born 1975), Israeli actor, singer and television presenter
See also
References
Surnames of Jewish origin |
Francesco Giangiacomo (1783 – 22 February 1864) was an Italian illustrator and engraver.
Life
He was born in Rome, where he attended the Accademia di San Luca. After 1801, Giangiacomo was taught by Jean-Baptiste Wicar and commissioned to document, through engravings, many of the art works in Rome. He pursued this career for decades, and later became an instructor at the academy.
Among his pupils were the sculptor , Luigi Calamatta, Paolo Mercuri, and his own son, Tertulliano (1823-1892).
He became a member of the Congregazione de Virtuosi al Pantheon. He engraved frescoes by Pinturicchio for the cloister of Santa Maria del Popolo, Sant'Onofrio, and for the Riario Chapel of Santa Maria del Popolo.
References
Italian engravers
Painters from Rome
1783 births
1864 deaths
19th-century Italian painters
19th-century Italian male artists
Italian male painters
Italian neoclassical painters |
Bell Block was the original site of New Plymouth Airport.
History
Opened in 1933 with five grass landing strips, the main strip 5000 ft long. Union Airways operated its main trunk De Havilland Express airliners into the airport. A large hangar and maintenance facilities were built for the Union Airways use.
During World War II, the RNZAF commandeered the airport as RNZAF Base Bell Block. After the war, the airport was returned to civilian ownership.
Government airline New Zealand National Airways Corporation continued to use the maintenance facilities after Union Airways were absorbed into the nationalised airline. Lockheed Lodestar and Douglas DC-3 Skyliner airliners were the main form of transport to use the airport.
As aviation developed and airliners grew larger, Bell Block became too restricted for modern airliners due to its undulating grass runways and restrictive approach terrain. NZNAC wanted to introduce their new Fokker Friendship onto provincial routes and retire its ageing DC-3s, which would require a paved main runway.
New Plymouth City Council decided to build a new paved runway and terminal at the end of Brown Road, which was completed in 1966.
Bell Block was closed and turned into a light industrial and warehousing estate. The large maintenance hangars still stand within the estate.
References
Defunct airports in New Zealand
New Plymouth
Transport buildings and structures in Taranaki |
```python
import asyncio
import json
import logging
from contextlib import suppress
from ssl import SSLContext
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
from graphql import DocumentNode, ExecutionResult, print_ast
from websockets.datastructures import HeadersLike
from websockets.typing import Subprotocol
from .exceptions import (
TransportProtocolError,
TransportQueryError,
TransportServerError,
)
from .websockets_base import WebsocketsTransportBase
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class WebsocketsTransport(WebsocketsTransportBase):
""":ref:`Async Transport <async_transports>` used to execute GraphQL queries on
remote servers with websocket connection.
This transport uses asyncio and the websockets library in order to send requests
on a websocket connection.
"""
# This transport supports two subprotocols and will autodetect the
# subprotocol supported on the server
APOLLO_SUBPROTOCOL = cast(Subprotocol, "graphql-ws")
GRAPHQLWS_SUBPROTOCOL = cast(Subprotocol, "graphql-transport-ws")
def __init__(
self,
url: str,
headers: Optional[HeadersLike] = None,
ssl: Union[SSLContext, bool] = False,
init_payload: Dict[str, Any] = {},
connect_timeout: Optional[Union[int, float]] = 10,
close_timeout: Optional[Union[int, float]] = 10,
ack_timeout: Optional[Union[int, float]] = 10,
keep_alive_timeout: Optional[Union[int, float]] = None,
ping_interval: Optional[Union[int, float]] = None,
pong_timeout: Optional[Union[int, float]] = None,
answer_pings: bool = True,
connect_args: Dict[str, Any] = {},
subprotocols: Optional[List[Subprotocol]] = None,
) -> None:
"""Initialize the transport with the given parameters.
:param url: The GraphQL server URL. Example: 'wss://server.com:PORT/graphql'.
:param headers: Dict of HTTP Headers.
:param ssl: ssl_context of the connection. Use ssl=False to disable encryption
:param init_payload: Dict of the payload sent in the connection_init message.
:param connect_timeout: Timeout in seconds for the establishment
of the websocket connection. If None is provided this will wait forever.
:param close_timeout: Timeout in seconds for the close. If None is provided
this will wait forever.
:param ack_timeout: Timeout in seconds to wait for the connection_ack message
from the server. If None is provided this will wait forever.
:param keep_alive_timeout: Optional Timeout in seconds to receive
a sign of liveness from the server.
:param ping_interval: Delay in seconds between pings sent by the client to
the backend for the graphql-ws protocol. None (by default) means that
we don't send pings. Note: there are also pings sent by the underlying
websockets protocol. See the
:ref:`keepalive documentation <websockets_transport_keepalives>`
for more information about this.
:param pong_timeout: Delay in seconds to receive a pong from the backend
after we sent a ping (only for the graphql-ws protocol).
By default equal to half of the ping_interval.
:param answer_pings: Whether the client answers the pings from the backend
(for the graphql-ws protocol).
By default: True
:param connect_args: Other parameters forwarded to
`websockets.connect <path_to_url
client.html#opening-a-connection>`_
:param subprotocols: list of subprotocols sent to the
backend in the 'subprotocols' http header.
By default: both apollo and graphql-ws subprotocols.
"""
super().__init__(
url,
headers,
ssl,
init_payload,
connect_timeout,
close_timeout,
ack_timeout,
keep_alive_timeout,
connect_args,
)
self.ping_interval: Optional[Union[int, float]] = ping_interval
self.pong_timeout: Optional[Union[int, float]]
self.answer_pings: bool = answer_pings
if ping_interval is not None:
if pong_timeout is None:
self.pong_timeout = ping_interval / 2
else:
self.pong_timeout = pong_timeout
self.send_ping_task: Optional[asyncio.Future] = None
self.ping_received: asyncio.Event = asyncio.Event()
"""ping_received is an asyncio Event which will fire each time
a ping is received with the graphql-ws protocol"""
self.pong_received: asyncio.Event = asyncio.Event()
"""pong_received is an asyncio Event which will fire each time
a pong is received with the graphql-ws protocol"""
if subprotocols is None:
self.supported_subprotocols = [
self.APOLLO_SUBPROTOCOL,
self.GRAPHQLWS_SUBPROTOCOL,
]
else:
self.supported_subprotocols = subprotocols
async def _wait_ack(self) -> None:
"""Wait for the connection_ack message. Keep alive messages are ignored"""
while True:
init_answer = await self._receive()
answer_type, answer_id, execution_result = self._parse_answer(init_answer)
if answer_type == "connection_ack":
return
if answer_type != "ka":
raise TransportProtocolError(
"Websocket server did not return a connection ack"
)
async def _send_init_message_and_wait_ack(self) -> None:
"""Send init message to the provided websocket and wait for the connection ACK.
If the answer is not a connection_ack message, we will return an Exception.
"""
init_message = json.dumps(
{"type": "connection_init", "payload": self.init_payload}
)
await self._send(init_message)
# Wait for the connection_ack message or raise a TimeoutError
await asyncio.wait_for(self._wait_ack(), self.ack_timeout)
async def _initialize(self):
await self._send_init_message_and_wait_ack()
async def send_ping(self, payload: Optional[Any] = None) -> None:
"""Send a ping message for the graphql-ws protocol"""
ping_message = {"type": "ping"}
if payload is not None:
ping_message["payload"] = payload
await self._send(json.dumps(ping_message))
async def send_pong(self, payload: Optional[Any] = None) -> None:
"""Send a pong message for the graphql-ws protocol"""
pong_message = {"type": "pong"}
if payload is not None:
pong_message["payload"] = payload
await self._send(json.dumps(pong_message))
async def _send_stop_message(self, query_id: int) -> None:
"""Send stop message to the provided websocket connection and query_id.
The server should afterwards return a 'complete' message.
"""
stop_message = json.dumps({"id": str(query_id), "type": "stop"})
await self._send(stop_message)
async def _send_complete_message(self, query_id: int) -> None:
"""Send a complete message for the provided query_id.
This is only for the graphql-ws protocol.
"""
complete_message = json.dumps({"id": str(query_id), "type": "complete"})
await self._send(complete_message)
async def _stop_listener(self, query_id: int):
"""Stop the listener corresponding to the query_id depending on the
detected backend protocol.
For apollo: send a "stop" message
(a "complete" message will be sent from the backend)
For graphql-ws: send a "complete" message and simulate the reception
of a "complete" message from the backend
"""
log.debug(f"stop listener {query_id}")
if self.subprotocol == self.GRAPHQLWS_SUBPROTOCOL:
await self._send_complete_message(query_id)
await self.listeners[query_id].put(("complete", None))
else:
await self._send_stop_message(query_id)
async def _send_connection_terminate_message(self) -> None:
"""Send a connection_terminate message to the provided websocket connection.
This message indicates that the connection will disconnect.
"""
connection_terminate_message = json.dumps({"type": "connection_terminate"})
await self._send(connection_terminate_message)
async def _send_query(
self,
document: DocumentNode,
variable_values: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
operation_name: Optional[str] = None,
) -> int:
"""Send a query to the provided websocket connection.
We use an incremented id to reference the query.
Returns the used id for this query.
"""
query_id = self.next_query_id
self.next_query_id += 1
payload: Dict[str, Any] = {"query": print_ast(document)}
if variable_values:
payload["variables"] = variable_values
if operation_name:
payload["operationName"] = operation_name
query_type = "start"
if self.subprotocol == self.GRAPHQLWS_SUBPROTOCOL:
query_type = "subscribe"
query_str = json.dumps(
{"id": str(query_id), "type": query_type, "payload": payload}
)
await self._send(query_str)
return query_id
async def _connection_terminate(self):
if self.subprotocol == self.APOLLO_SUBPROTOCOL:
await self._send_connection_terminate_message()
def _parse_answer_graphqlws(
self, json_answer: Dict[str, Any]
) -> Tuple[str, Optional[int], Optional[ExecutionResult]]:
"""Parse the answer received from the server if the server supports the
graphql-ws protocol.
Returns a list consisting of:
- the answer_type (between:
'connection_ack', 'ping', 'pong', 'data', 'error', 'complete')
- the answer id (Integer) if received or None
- an execution Result if the answer_type is 'data' or None
Differences with the apollo websockets protocol (superclass):
- the "data" message is now called "next"
- the "stop" message is now called "complete"
- there is no connection_terminate or connection_error messages
- instead of a unidirectional keep-alive (ka) message from server to client,
there is now the possibility to send bidirectional ping/pong messages
- connection_ack has an optional payload
- the 'error' answer type returns a list of errors instead of a single error
"""
answer_type: str = ""
answer_id: Optional[int] = None
execution_result: Optional[ExecutionResult] = None
try:
answer_type = str(json_answer.get("type"))
if answer_type in ["next", "error", "complete"]:
answer_id = int(str(json_answer.get("id")))
if answer_type == "next" or answer_type == "error":
payload = json_answer.get("payload")
if answer_type == "next":
if not isinstance(payload, dict):
raise ValueError("payload is not a dict")
if "errors" not in payload and "data" not in payload:
raise ValueError(
"payload does not contain 'data' or 'errors' fields"
)
execution_result = ExecutionResult(
errors=payload.get("errors"),
data=payload.get("data"),
extensions=payload.get("extensions"),
)
# Saving answer_type as 'data' to be understood with superclass
answer_type = "data"
elif answer_type == "error":
if not isinstance(payload, list):
raise ValueError("payload is not a list")
raise TransportQueryError(
str(payload[0]), query_id=answer_id, errors=payload
)
elif answer_type in ["ping", "pong", "connection_ack"]:
self.payloads[answer_type] = json_answer.get("payload", None)
else:
raise ValueError
if self.check_keep_alive_task is not None:
self._next_keep_alive_message.set()
except ValueError as e:
raise TransportProtocolError(
f"Server did not return a GraphQL result: {json_answer}"
) from e
return answer_type, answer_id, execution_result
def _parse_answer_apollo(
self, json_answer: Dict[str, Any]
) -> Tuple[str, Optional[int], Optional[ExecutionResult]]:
"""Parse the answer received from the server if the server supports the
apollo websockets protocol.
Returns a list consisting of:
- the answer_type (between:
'connection_ack', 'ka', 'connection_error', 'data', 'error', 'complete')
- the answer id (Integer) if received or None
- an execution Result if the answer_type is 'data' or None
"""
answer_type: str = ""
answer_id: Optional[int] = None
execution_result: Optional[ExecutionResult] = None
try:
answer_type = str(json_answer.get("type"))
if answer_type in ["data", "error", "complete"]:
answer_id = int(str(json_answer.get("id")))
if answer_type == "data" or answer_type == "error":
payload = json_answer.get("payload")
if not isinstance(payload, dict):
raise ValueError("payload is not a dict")
if answer_type == "data":
if "errors" not in payload and "data" not in payload:
raise ValueError(
"payload does not contain 'data' or 'errors' fields"
)
execution_result = ExecutionResult(
errors=payload.get("errors"),
data=payload.get("data"),
extensions=payload.get("extensions"),
)
elif answer_type == "error":
raise TransportQueryError(
str(payload), query_id=answer_id, errors=[payload]
)
elif answer_type == "ka":
# Keep-alive message
if self.check_keep_alive_task is not None:
self._next_keep_alive_message.set()
elif answer_type == "connection_ack":
pass
elif answer_type == "connection_error":
error_payload = json_answer.get("payload")
raise TransportServerError(f"Server error: '{repr(error_payload)}'")
else:
raise ValueError
except ValueError as e:
raise TransportProtocolError(
f"Server did not return a GraphQL result: {json_answer}"
) from e
return answer_type, answer_id, execution_result
def _parse_answer(
self, answer: str
) -> Tuple[str, Optional[int], Optional[ExecutionResult]]:
"""Parse the answer received from the server depending on
the detected subprotocol.
"""
try:
json_answer = json.loads(answer)
except ValueError:
raise TransportProtocolError(
f"Server did not return a GraphQL result: {answer}"
)
if self.subprotocol == self.GRAPHQLWS_SUBPROTOCOL:
return self._parse_answer_graphqlws(json_answer)
return self._parse_answer_apollo(json_answer)
async def _send_ping_coro(self) -> None:
"""Coroutine to periodically send a ping from the client to the backend.
Only used for the graphql-ws protocol.
Send a ping every ping_interval seconds.
Close the connection if a pong is not received within pong_timeout seconds.
"""
assert self.ping_interval is not None
try:
while True:
await asyncio.sleep(self.ping_interval)
await self.send_ping()
await asyncio.wait_for(self.pong_received.wait(), self.pong_timeout)
# Reset for the next iteration
self.pong_received.clear()
except asyncio.TimeoutError:
# No pong received in the appriopriate time, close with error
# If the timeout happens during a close already in progress, do nothing
if self.close_task is None:
await self._fail(
TransportServerError(
f"No pong received after {self.pong_timeout!r} seconds"
),
clean_close=False,
)
async def _handle_answer(
self,
answer_type: str,
answer_id: Optional[int],
execution_result: Optional[ExecutionResult],
) -> None:
# Put the answer in the queue
await super()._handle_answer(answer_type, answer_id, execution_result)
# Answer pong to ping for graphql-ws protocol
if answer_type == "ping":
self.ping_received.set()
if self.answer_pings:
await self.send_pong()
elif answer_type == "pong":
self.pong_received.set()
async def _after_connect(self):
# Find the backend subprotocol returned in the response headers
response_headers = self.websocket.response_headers
try:
self.subprotocol = response_headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"]
except KeyError:
# If the server does not send the subprotocol header, using
# the apollo subprotocol by default
self.subprotocol = self.APOLLO_SUBPROTOCOL
log.debug(f"backend subprotocol returned: {self.subprotocol!r}")
async def _after_initialize(self):
# If requested, create a task to send periodic pings to the backend
if (
self.subprotocol == self.GRAPHQLWS_SUBPROTOCOL
and self.ping_interval is not None
):
self.send_ping_task = asyncio.ensure_future(self._send_ping_coro())
async def _close_hook(self):
# Properly shut down the send ping task if enabled
if self.send_ping_task is not None:
self.send_ping_task.cancel()
with suppress(asyncio.CancelledError):
await self.send_ping_task
self.send_ping_task = None
``` |
The Beopseongge () or Hwaeom ilseung beopgye do (Diagram of the Avataṃsaka Single Vehicle Dharmadhātu) () is a Buddhist text created by Uisang, Korean monk of the Silla period. The title is rendered in English as "The Song of Dharma Nature". This monumental script is widely known to many Korean Seon Buddhism and Japanese zen and Chinese chan. Beopseongge is recorded on not only Tripitaka Koreana in Korea but Taishō Tripiṭaka in Japan.
Chart Stamp
The chart is written in 210 letters only. And letters are placed in 54 squared maze shaped chart that has no end. Since this maze shaped chart was made with the symbols and meanings of dharma and dharani, some monks used as mystic stamp like talisman for lay people.
This type of gatha was widely used in tang dynasty China and Silla dynasty Korea. It was the time when woodenblock printing carved with maze shape and poem on it, called 'Bansi(盤詩)', was flourished.
Recently used as logo of Haeinsa, one of the tri-gem(the buddha, the dharma and the sangha) temples in South Korea. The name or the temple 'Haein' also came from the gatha's 'Hae-in samadhi'.
Gatha
The gatha describes the dharma nature, written in 30 rows of 7 words in Chinese.
Uisang was deeply influenced by the Hwaeom Sutra(Avatamsaka Sutra, the Huayen Sutra). He wrote this gatha while he was attending the lecture of Hwaeom Sutra in tang dynasty china. As Original title of this chart, this gatha written precisely and concisely written for the essence of the Hwaeom Sutra.
Full text
The Nature of the Dharma embraces everything; there is nothing besides this,
Hence the manifestations of the Mind are unmoving and so, fundamentally quiet.
There is neither name nor form, everything is cut;
Without experiencing enlightenment you cannot know.
Original Nature is unfathomable and sublime;
It never remains the same, but manifests according to affinities.
In the One there is the Many; Many is included in the One,
One is the Many; Many is the One.
A speck of dust Swallows the universe;
Each and every speck of dust Is also like this.
Countless kalpas are one thought;
One thought is countless kalpas.
The Nine Periods, the Ten Periods are like one
But remaining distinct. This is mysterious and sublime.
The first thought is enlightenment,
Samsara and Nirvana are not two,
The material world, the spiritual world is Just-like-this, without discrimination.
The ten Buddhas and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva always dwell in this great state of the Mahayana.
From the Hae-in Samadhi(Sāgaramudrā-samādhi) of Buddha
Unimaginable abilities come forth at will,
The Dharma, akin to precious treasures, rains upon sentient beings
Then depending on the vessel the individual receives the Dharma accordingly.
So if anyone wants to relish the original state
Without letting go of delusions, they will never succeed.
Free from past karmic ties saints use wise expedients,
They make each and everyone content in their Original Home.
Bodhisattvas use this Dhāraṇī like a bottomless treasure chest
To decorate and glorify Dharmadhātu, the palace of the Mind.
Sit down in your Original Place and see
That everything is as it is, like Buddha of old.
References
Korean Buddhist texts |
Spainville is an unincorporated community in Nottoway County, Virginia, United States.
References
Unincorporated communities in Nottoway County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia |
Avi Nash is an American actor. He played Siddiq in the AMC television series The Walking Dead (2017–2020).
Early life
Nash was born in the United States, his father is Indo-Guyanese and his mother is from Mumbai.
Nash started acting in senior year of high school off a dare to audition for the school play; prior to this, he identified primarily as a visual artist.
Nash began attending Stanford University when he was 17 years old, performing with the Stanford Shakespeare Company. He was classmates with Young the Giant's Sameer Gadhia, who encouraged Nash to seriously pursue acting dropping out himself to pursue a professional music career. So, after freshman year, Nash left Stanford to attend acting school under Anupam Kher at Actor Prepares in Mumbai for six months. However, he returned to complete his degree, citing conflicting feelings between his various interests. He returned to Stanford University and majored in Mathematical and Computational Sciences while studying architecture.
Nash trained in theatre at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art and graduated with an MA in 2016.
Career
Prior to acting, he was a cook in a closed door restaurant (puerta cerradas) that he ran out of a hostel in Buenos Aires and conducted bike tours.
He made his feature film debut in Learning to Drive alongside Sir Ben Kingsley and Patricia Clarkson, directed by Spanish director Isabel Coixet. The film premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, where it won First Runner Up for the People’s Choice Award.
In 2017, Nash portrayed AMC's The Walking Dead's first male Muslim-American character, Siddiq, in season 8 - 10 of the show. As a result, he has attended different comic book conventions throughout the years, including Walker Stalker Con.
Personal life
Nash can read and write in Devanagari and Urdu. He studied Hindi at Stanford and took his acting class in India completely in Hindi. Nash learned Portuguese from his ex-girlfriend while briefly living near the Brazilian border.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Living people
Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
American male television actors
American male film actors
American male actors of Indian descent
American people of Indo-Guyanese descent
Stanford University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
```toml
name = "hextarball"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "Test project to construct a hex tarball"
licences = ["Apache-2.0"]
``` |
Cricklade railway station was on the Midland and South Western Junction Railway in Wiltshire, England. The station opened on 18 December 1883 on the Swindon and Cheltenham Extension Railway line from Swindon Town to the temporary terminus at Cirencester Watermoor. The S&CER line then amalgamated with the Swindon, Marlborough and Andover Railway to form the M&SWJR, and through services to the junction at Andoversford with the Great Western Railway's Cheltenham Lansdown to Banbury line, which had opened in 1881, began in 1891.
Cricklade station was on the southern edge of the town of Cricklade, and was a passing place on the M&SWJR line, which was mostly single track. It was one of the busier stations on the line, with both passengers and freight traffic, and there was a large volume of milk traffic.
As a whole, traffic on the M&SWJR fell steeply after the Second World War and the line closed to passengers in 1961, with goods facilities at Cricklade being withdrawn in July 1963. No trace of the station remains, as link roads around the town now use the rail alignment and land beside the roads has been used for housing.
Future and preservation
The Heritage Swindon and Cricklade Railway aim to extend north to Cricklade, where a new station site would be constructed as part of the S&CR's northern extension.
Route
References
Wiltshire Railway Stations, Mike Oakley, Dovecote Press, Wimborne, 2004, . pp.46
Disused railway stations in Wiltshire
Former Midland and South Western Junction Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1883
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1961
Cricklade |
Bajón, or bajón, may refer to :
the Spanish name of the dulcian, a Renaissance woodwind instrument predecessor of the modern bassoon
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Bajón (born in 1964), Spanish politician
Bajon is a family name of Polish origin :
Anthony Bajon (born in 1994), French actor
Filip Michał Bajon (born in 1947), Polish film director. |
Louis Rey may refer to:
Louis Emmanuel Rey (1768–1846), French army general
Louis Rey (architect), French architect |
Makkoshotyka is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary.
References
Populated places in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County |
Wer (Wēr), also known as Mer, Ber and Iluwer was a weather god worshiped in parts of Mesopotamia and ancient Syria. It is presumed that he was originally one of the main deities of the northern parts of these areas, but his cult declined in the second half of the second millennium BCE. The nature of the relation between him and Itūr-Mēr, the tutelary god of Mari, is disputed by researchers.
In an Old Babylonian version of the Epic of Gilgamesh, Wer is described as the master of the monster Humbaba, though in other versions of this narrative this role instead belongs to Enlil.
Name
Two forms of the name, Wēr and Mēr, were originally in use. A third version, Bēr, started to be commonly used in the Middle Assyrian period. Additionally, god lists attest the form Iluwēr, "the god Wēr." The spelling Mēr was consistently employed in texts from Mari and nearby areas, with the chronologically most recent example being the theophoric name Tukulti-Mēr (a contemporary of Ashur-bel-kala) from the late second millennium BCE, while Wer (Wēr) was the form used in southern Mesopotamia between the beginning of the period of the Third Dynasty of Ur end of the reign of the First Dynasty of Babylon, as well as in Old Assyrian sources contemporary with the texts from Kanesh. Bēr predominates only in Middle Assyrian and Neo-Assyrian texts. Whether dME-RU, possibly to be read as Meru, attested in sources from the Early Dynastic period (including the Abu Salabikh god list) is the same deity as Wer is uncertain.
While multiple Sumerian etymologies have been proposed for the name (including derivation from the terms IM-mer, "north wind;" me-er-me-er, "storm;" and emesal me-er, "wind"), none have been conclusively proven. Wilfred G. Lambert concluded that the name might have originated in a linguistic substrate due to the first consonant not following the usual phonetic rules of known languages of the region(suggesting unknown language lost through time). Whether a connection existed between the theonym Wer/Mer and place names such as Mari and Warum is uncertain too. Lambert considered the similarity to be accidental in the case of Mari, though he concluded that the matter cannot be conclusively settled.
Character
Wer was a weather god. According to Wilfred G. Lambert, available sources might indicate that he was originally one of the main gods worshiped in northern Mesopotamia, but eventually declined in the middle of the second millennium BCE due to loss of his cult sites.
Wer's symbol was a lance. A single Old Babylonian text attests that not only Wer himself, but also a deification of his emblem, dŠu-ku-ru-um ("lance"), could be an object of worship.
While god lists, starting with An = Anum, could consider Wer analogous to Ishkur/Adad, his own name was never represented by the logogramdIŠKUR, unlike these of other storm gods, such as Hurrian Teshub, Hattian Taru, Hittite Tarḫunna, or Luwian Tarḫunz.
Other related theonyms
The feminine form of the name, Wertum (or Mertum) likely designated the wife of Wer. She is attested in Assur in the Old Assyrian period (where one of the city gates was named after her) and in a theophoric name from Mari.
A number of Assyriologists, including Dietz-Otto Edzard, Wilfred G. Lambert and Andrew R. George, assume that Wer was the same deity as Itūr-Mēr, the tutelary god of Mari, but this view is regarded as unsubstantiated by Daniel Schwemer and Ichiro Nakata, who point out that the latter deity's name is an ordinary theophoric name ("Mēr has turned [to me]") and that for this reason he is more likely to be a deified hero venerated as part of an ancestor cult tied to a specific location. Known texts additionally do not indicate that he was a weather deity like Wer. Other deities who are most likely deified heroes or kings in origin are attested from Mari, for example Yakrub-El. A second deity worshiped in Mari whose name is structured similarly and also includes Wer as the theophoric element is Tar’am-Mēr, "beloved of Mēr (Wer)".
While known copies of a single passage from the incantation series Šurpu alternate between Wer and a deity named Immeriya, it cannot be established if the latter, who is otherwise best known from an inscribed statue possibly taken as bounty by Untash-Napirisha, was related to him in any way.
Worship
Worship of Wer is chiefly attested from the middle Euphrates area, northern Babylonia (though only before the Middle Babylonian period), the Diyala area, and Assyria. While confirmed attestations go back to the time of the Akkadian Empire, only from the Old Babylonian period onward the god is known from sources other than theophoric names.
Wer appears in nine types of masculine theophoric names from Old Babylonian Mari, with eight using the spelling Mer and one - Wer. Furthermore, the names of the local deities Itūr-Mēr and Tar’am-Mēr are both agreed to be theophoric names invoking him. Other sites where names invoking him are attested include Sippar, various locations in Assyria (in the Old Assyrian period) and the Diyala area, Puzrish-Dagan (Puzur-Wer from the Ur III period) and Larsa (Ubār-Wēr from the Old Babylonian period). A possible seventh century BCE attestation of a theophoric name invoking him as Ber, dnbr, usually interpreted as Dannu-Ber, "Ber is strong," is known from an Aramaic papyrus found in Saqqara in Egypt, However, the restoration is not certain, and according to Daniel Schwemer caution should be maintained.
References to veneration of Wer other than theophoric names are absent from the corpus of Mari texts, though a place named Bāb-Mēr (KÁ-me-erki) is attested in a single source from the šakkanakku period. Furthermore, later texts from the kingdom of Khana attest the existence of a house of worship dedicated to him (akīt dme-er) in nearby Terqa. He was also apparently worshiped in Nerebtum, Shaduppum and Kakkulatum.
A school text from Kanesh, an Assyrian trading colony in Anatolia, mentions him alongside Ashur. In the Neo-Assyrian period, he was worshiped in Assur in the temple of Ištar-Aššurītu ("the Assyrian Ishtar"), and in Nineveh in the temple of Ashur. He is also mentioned on the Antakya stele of Adad-nirari III alongside Ashur, Adad, Sin of Harran and other deities. Additionally, in the same period Iluwēr, most likely the same deity, was worshiped by Arameans in Tell Afis in Syria, as attested on the Stele of Zakkur.
Mythology
In a section of an Old Babylonian version of the Epic of Gilgamesh preserved on the so-called "Yale tablet," corresponding to tablet III of the standard version, Enkidu mentions that the cedar mountain to which Gilgamesh wants to venture is under the control of the god Wer, described as "mighty" and "never sleeping," and as the one who appointed the monster Humbaba as its guardian. Adad is also associated with Wer in the same passage.
In other versions of the Epic of Gilgamesh, Humbaba's master is Enlil. Even on the Yale tablet, it is mentioned that he bestowed seven terrors upon him. Andrew R. George assumes that while the mountain belongs to Wer, and he appointed Humbaba as its guardian and his second in command, the decision still had to be approved by Enlil.
References
Bibliography
Mesopotamian gods
Sky and weather gods
Characters in the Epic of Gilgamesh |
This is a list of events that occurred in 1950 in South Africa.
Incumbents
Monarch: King George VI.
Governor-General and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: Gideon Brand van Zyl.
Prime Minister: Daniel François Malan.
Chief Justice: Ernest Frederick Watermeyer then Albert van der Sandt Centlivres.
Events
March
18 – The University of the Free State is established.
April
27 – The Group Areas Act is passed, formally segregating the races.
May
1 – 18 blacks are killed by police and more than 30 are injured on the Witwatersrand in a massive stay-away from work, called for by the African National Congress.
1 – Springbok Radio, the SABC's first commercial service, is launched.
June
26 – The Suppression of Communism Act is passed.
August
5 – 2 Squadron SAAF departs for the Korean War.
6 – The municipality of East London decides not to approve prospecting for oil off the city's seafront.
September
26 – Sasol (Suid-Afrikaanse Steenkool, Olie en Gaskorporasie Bpk.) is registered as a company.
October
23 – Ernest George Jansen is appointed the 9th Governor-General of the Union of South Africa.
November
2 – South African Airways inaugurates daily services between Johannesburg and Bulawayo and between Johannesburg and Cape Town.
December
13 – South Africa refuses to place South-West Africa under UN trusteeship.
21 – The gold town of Allanridge in the Free State Province is established.
Unknown date
Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve is proclaimed a protected state forest.
Hendrik Verwoerd becomes Minister of Native Affairs.
The government passes the Immorality Amendment Act, the Group Areas Act, the Suppression of Communism Act, and the Population Registration Act which officially divides South Africans into 'White', 'Coloured', 'Asian' or 'Native' population groups.
The United States and United Kingdom sign a purchasing agreement with South Africa to supply uranium for their nuclear weapons programmes.
The Parliament of South Africa passes the Privy Council Appeals Act, 1950 (Act No. 16) to terminate appeals from the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London.
Births
29 January – Jody Scheckter, 1979 Formula One World Drivers' Champion.
1 June – Johann Rupert, billionaire businessman, son of billionaire Remembrandt Group founder Anton Rupert.
18 August – Nandi Nyembe, actress.
Deaths
11 September – Jan Smuts, soldier and international statesman. (b. 1870)
Railways
Railway lines opened
2 October – Transvaal: Vandyksdrif to Broodsnyersplaas, .
Sports
Boxing
31 May – Vic Toweel defeats World Bantamweight Champion Manuel Ortiz on points over 15 rounds at Wembley Stadium and becomes the first South African world boxing champion.
British Empire Games
The British Empire Games (now the Commonwealth Games), after a 12-year gap, takes place in Auckland, New Zealand from 4 to 11 February. Of the 12 participating countries which include Southern Rhodesia, South Africa finishes 5th on the medals list, winning 20 medals, 8 Gold, 4 Silver and 8 Bronze. The medal winners are:
Athletics
Neville Price – Gold, long jump, distance 7.31 m
Syd Luyt – Silver, marathon, time 2.37.03
Tom Lavery – Bronze, 120 yards hurdles, time 14.6 s
Daphne Robb ; Bronze, 220 yards, time 24.7 s
Boxing
Johnny van Rensburg – Gold, bantamweight
Theunis van Schalkwyk – Gold, middleweight
Marcus Temple – Bronze, flyweight
Lawn bowls
Alfred Blumberg, H.Currer, Harry Atkinson and Norman Walker – Gold, fours
W. Gibb and H.J. van Zyl – Silver, pairs
Rowing
Ian Stephen – Bronze, single sculls
Swimming
Graham Johnston – Silver, 440 yards freestyle
Graham Johnston – Gold, 1650 yards freestyle
Jackie Wild – Gold, 110 yards backstroke
Joan Harrison – Bronze, 110 yards freestyle
Joan Harrison – Gold, 440 yards freestyle
Weightlifting
Barrie Engelbrecht – Bronze, featherweight
Issy Bloomberg – Silver, light-heavyweight
Wrestling
Patrick Morton – Gold, light-heavyweight
Martin Jooste – Bronze, welterweight
Carel Reitz – Bronze, middleweight
Comrades Marathon
Wally Hayward, at age 42 and after a twenty-year gap, wins the Comrades Marathon from Durban to Pietermaritzburg in a time of 6h 46m 25s. Twenty runners of the 29 who start finish in the allotted time.
Football
June–July
The Australia national association football team tours South Africa and plays four games against the South Africa national football team.
24 June – South Africa wins 3–2 at Kingsmead, Durban.
1 July – South Africa wins 2–1 at Ellis Park, Johannesburg.
8 July – Australia wins 2–1 at St George's Park, Port Elizabeth.
23 July – Australia wins 2–0 at Hartley Vale, Cape Town.
References
History of South Africa |
An Air Expeditionary Task Force (AETF) is a deployed numbered air force (NAF) or command echelon immediately subordinate to an NAF that is provided as the U.S. Air Force component command committed to a joint operation.
Notional AETF Composition
High Demand/Low Density assets tasked as required: E-3, E-8, U-2, EC-130, RC-135, CSAR
See also
List of Air Expeditionary Wings of the United States Air Force
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the U.S. Department of Defense.
Further reading
External links
Military units and formations of the United States Air Force |
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