text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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Teodorowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielgie, within Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Wielgie, south-east of Lipno, and south-east of Toruń.
References
Teodorowo |
The 2012 Generali Ladies Linz was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 26th edition of the Generali Ladies Linz, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. It was held at the TipsArena Linz in Linz, Austria, from October 8 through October 14, 2012.
Singles main-draw entrants
Seeds
Rankings are as of October 1, 2012
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
Ana Ivanovic
Patricia Mayr-Achleitner
Andrea Petkovic
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
Mallory Burdette
Kirsten Flipkens
Bethanie Mattek-Sands
Lesia Tsurenko
The following players received entry as lucky losers:
Irina-Camelia Begu
Catalina Castaño
Withdrawals
Iveta Benešová
Dominika Cibulková (shoulder injury)
Roberta Vinci
Anna Tatishvili (viral infection)
Yanina Wickmayer (viral illness)
Retirements
Lesia Tsurenko (shoulder injury)
Doubles main-draw entrants
Seeds
1 Rankings are as of October 1, 2012
Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
Barbara Haas / Patricia Mayr-Achleitner
Romina Oprandi / Andrea Petkovic
The following pair received entry as alternates:
Kiki Bertens / Arantxa Rus
Retirements
Vladimíra Uhlířová (back injury)
Champions
Singles
Victoria Azarenka def. Julia Görges, 6–3, 6–4
Doubles
Anna-Lena Grönefeld / Květa Peschke def. Julia Görges / Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová, 6–3, 6–4
References
External links
Official website
Generali Ladies Linz
2012
Generali Ladies Linz
Generali Ladies Linz
Generali |
Div' dūjiņas gaisā skrēja () is the title of a traditional Latvian folk song that is best known as a musical composition by Dāvids Cimze.
Lyrics
Notes on the translation
verse 1skrēja translates most literally as "ran", here in the sense of dashing up into the air, this is the only verse in the translation which does not repeat the verb consistently within the verse.
References
External links
Div’ dūjiņas gaisā skrēja score
Latvian folk songs
Year of song missing |
Black Vaudeville is a term that specifically describes Vaudeville-era African American entertainers and the milieus of dance, music, and theatrical performances they created. Spanning the years between the 1880s and early 1930s, these acts not only brought elements and influences unique to American black culture directly to African Americans but ultimately spread them beyond to both white American society and Europe.
Vaudeville had what were known as "circuits", venues that booked touring entertainers. Racism made it difficult for a black performer to be accepted into the white circuits of the day. Eventually, black circuits, known colloquially as "chitlin' circuits", emerged to link black performers and entertainment opportunities.
Origin
Pat Chappelle (1869-1911) was a black showman from Jacksonville, Florida who helped pave the way for African-American performers. He learned the show business ropes from his uncle Julius C. Chappelle, who allowed him to meet Franklin Keith and Edward F. Albee, producers of vaudeville. Pat ended up working for Keith and Albee as a piano player. During his vaudeville debut, he met Edward Elder Cooper who was a journalist interested in black entertainment and the first to write a journal about the African-American race in 1891.
In 1898, Chappelle organised his first traveling show, the Imperial Colored Minstrels (or Famous Imperial Minstrels), which featured comedian Arthur "Happy" Howe and toured successfully around the South. Chappelle also opened a pool hall in the commercial district of Jacksonville. Remodeled as the Excelsior Hall, it became the first black-owned theater in the South, reportedly seating 500 people.
In 1899, following a dispute with the white landlord of the Excelsior Hall, J. E. T. Bowden, who was also the Mayor of Jacksonville, Chappelle closed the theatre and moved to Tampa, where he – with fellow African-American entrepreneur R. S. Donaldson – opened a new vaudeville house, the Buckingham, in the Fort Brooke neighborhood. The Buckingham Theatre opened in September 1899, and within a few months was reported to be "crowded to the doors every night with Cubans, Spaniards, Negroes and white people". In December 1899 Chappelle and Donaldson opened a second theatre, the Mascotte, closer to the center of Tampa. A different reporter said, “These theaters have proven themselves to be miniature gold mines.”
His next project was a touring show called A Rabbit's Foot. The difference between this tour and previous ones were the cast was sixty people, and all performers would be comfortable. If a black performer was able to tour in a white circuit, they would not be allowed to sleep in the hotels when they stopped to rest, because the hotels would not allow it. They slept on the bus because it was better than the floor. On Chappelle's tour, the Freeman described their travel accommodations as “their own train of new dining and sleeping cars, which ‘tis said, when finished, will be a ‘palace on wheels.” Like his Famous Imperial Minstrel show, A Rabbit's Foot contained minstrel and a variety of acts while maintaining the expected vaudeville staging flare. Chappelle offered a show for everyone.
In summer 1900, Chappelle decided to put the show into theatres rather than under tents, first in Paterson, New Jersey, and then in Brooklyn, New York. In October 1901, the company launched its second season, with a roster of performers again led by comedian Arthur "Happy" Howe, and toured in Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia and Florida. The show grew in popularity throughout the early years of the century, and played in both theatres and tents. Trading as Chappelle Bros., Pat Chappelle and his brothers, James E. Chappelle and Lewis W. Chappelle, rapidly organised a small vaudeville circuit, including theatre venues in Savannah, Georgia, as well as Jacksonville and Tampa. By 1902 it was said that the Chappelle Bros. Circuit had full control of the African-American vaudeville business in that part of the country, "able to give from 12 to 14 weeks [of employment] to at least 75 performers and musicians" each season. Chappelle stated that he had "accomplished what no other Negro has done - he has successfully run a Negro show without the help of a single white man." As his business grew, he was able to own and manage multiple tent shows, and the Rabbit's Foot Company would travel to as many as sixteen states in a season. The show included minstrel performances, dancers, circus acts, comedy, musical ensemble pieces, drama and classic opera, and wasknown as one of the few "authentic negro" vaudeville shows around. It traveled most successfully in the southeast and southwest, and also to Manhattan and Coney Island.
By 1904 the Rabbit's Foot show had expanded to fill three Pullman railroad carriages, and advertiseded as "the leading Negro show in America". For the 1904-05 season, the company included week-long stands in Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland. Two of its most popular performers were singing comedian Charles "Cuba" Santana and trombonist Amos Gilliard. Another performer, William Rainey, brought his young bride Gertrude (later known as "Ma" Rainey) to join the company in 1906. That year, Chappelle launched a second traveling tent company, the Funny Folks Comedy Company, with performers alternating between the two companies. The business continued to expand, though in August 1908, one of the Pullman Company railroad carriages used by the show burned to the ground in Shelby, North Carolina, while several of the entertainers were asleep. Chappelle quickly ordered a new carriage and eighty-foot round tent so the show could go on the following week.
Pat Chappelle died from an unspecified illness in October 1911, aged 42, and the Rabbit's Foot Company was bought in 1912 by Fred Swift Wolcott (1882-1967), a white farmer originally from Michigan, who had owned a small carnival company, F. S. Wolcott Carnivals. Wolcott maintained the Rabbit's Foot company as a touring show, initially as both owner and manager, and attracted new talent including blues singer Ida Cox who joined the company in 1913. "Ma" Rainey also brought the young Bessie Smith into the troupe, and worked with her until Smith left in 1915. The show's touring base moved to Wolcott's 1,000-acre Glen Sade Plantation outside Port Gibson, Mississippi in 1918, with offices in the center of town. Wolcott began to refer to the show as a "minstrel show" – a term Chappelle had eschewed – though one member of his company, trombonist Leon "Pee Wee" Whittaker, described him as "a good man" who looked after his performers. Each spring, musicians from around the country assembled in Port Gibson to create a musical, comedy, and variety show to perform under canvas. In his book The Story of the Blues, Paul Oliver wrote:The 'Foots' traveled in two cars and had an 80' x 110' tent which was raised by the roustabouts and canvassmen, while a brass band would parade in town to advertise the coming of the show...The stage would be of boards on a folding frame and Coleman lanterns – gasoline mantle lamps – acted as footlights. There were no microphones; the weaker voiced singers used a megaphone, but most of the featured women blues singers scorned such aids to volume...
The company, by this time known as "F. S. Wolcott's Original Rabbit's Foot Company" or "F. S. Wolcott’s Original Rabbit's Foot Minstrels", continued to perform its annual tours through the 1920s and 1930s, playing small towns during the week and bigger cities at weekends. The show provided a basis for the careers of many leading African American musicians and entertainers, including Butterbeans and Susie, Tim Moore, Big Joe Williams, Louis Jordan, George Guesnon, Leon "Pee Wee" Whittaker, Brownie McGhee, and Rufus Thomas. Wolcott remained its general manager and owner until he sold the company in 1950, to Earl Hendren of Erwin, Tennessee, who in turn sold it in 1955 to Eddie Moran of Monroe, Louisiana, when it was still trading under Wolcott's name. Records suggest that its last performance was in 1959.
Dance
As vaudeville become more popular the competition for “the most flashy” act increased. As minstrelsy became less popular other types of movement were created and carried on to the Vaudeville stage. A performer named Benjamin Franklin had an act that was described by his minstrel troupe leader, “waltzes with a pail of water on his head and plays the French horn at the same time.”
Dance was an entertainment piece that was accepted in almost every act slot on the bill for a Vaudeville show. Tap, a term coined with the Ziegfeld Follies in 1902, was a style that was often seen. It started with slaves before the Civil War mimicking and mocking their white master's stiff movements. During that same time hamboning was invented. Without drums, hamboning was a way for performers to create percussion sounding beats by tapping or slapping their chests and thighs. In the 1870s and 1880s hamboning was mixed with clog-shoe dances and Irish jigs to create tap. Vaudeville had seen two types of tap: buck-and-wing and four-four time soft shoe. Buck-and-wing consisted of gliding, sliding, and stomping movements at high speeds. Wing was a portion in which on a jump, feet would continue to dance in mid air. Soft shoe was more relaxed and elegant. Metal plates were added to the bottom of tap shoes to create a stronger percussion sound. However, after just a few short dance routines the softwood Vaudeville stage would easily tatter. Theater owners replaced the section of the stage that was in front of the curtain with durable maple, which spared them from changing out the entire stage while allowing them to feature “in-one-number” acts performed with the curtain as a backdrop while the set was changed for the following act. This kept audiences entertained - and, importantly, put. Famous tapdancers of the time and who are still well-remembered today include Buster Brown and the Speed Kings, Beige & Brown, and Bill "Bojangles" Robinson.
Music
The black musicians and composers of the vaudeville era influenced what is now known as American musical comedy, jazz and Broadway musical theater. The popular music of the time was ragtime, a lively form developed from black folk music prominently featuring piano and banjo. The fast tempo of Ragtime matched the pace of the Vaudevillian revue type show. Thomas Greene Bethune or (“Blind Tom”) composed 100 pieces and could play over 7,000. He was exploited by a slave owner John Benthune. For example, John let Tom perform to make himself money. “Blind Tom” made $100,000 in 1866 and only received $3,000 of this. John William Boone was a fellow blind pianist, a professional at the age of fourteen, known as “Blind Boone”. John and Tom shared a piano ragtime style of “jig piano”. This consisted of the left hand playing the beat of the tuba while the right hand played the fiddle and banjo melodies. This music portrayed slaves dances, including beats at times created by the only instrument they had, their bodies.
Chitlin' circuits
As the live entertainment industry grew, actors, singers, comedians, musicians, dancers, and acrobats began to retain agents to book their acts. Booking associations sprung up, serving a middle man role between agents and theater owners. The dominant one of the day was the Theater Owners Booking Association (TOBA), known among colored performers of the time as “Tough On Black Actors”. Its unequal treatment of performers resulted in the informal creation of "chitlin' circuits" for black entertainers. The name stemmed from a regional South dish associated with blacks and their slave heritage, “chitlins”, deep fried pig's knuckles and intestines.
Chitlin' circuit touring groups would often be forced to perform in venues such as school auditoriums because theaters were not always available to them due to segregation. ” They would also travel directly to black neighborhoods to bring them entertainment. The content of the touring shows was melodramatic and farcical, designed to be enjoyed in the moment.
References
Vaudeville |
Břežany I is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Břežany II.
Administrative parts
The village of Chocenice is an administrative part of Břežany I.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
Roman Wick (born December 30, 1985) is a Swiss former professional ice hockey player. Wick played for EHC Kloten and ZSC Lions in the National League (NL) and for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted in the fifth round (156th overall) of the 2004 NHL Entry Draft by the Senators who signed him to a one-year contract in 2010.
Internationally, Wick competed as a member of Switzerland's national team in the 2008 and 2009 IIHF World Championships, and at the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics.
Playing career
As a youth, Wick played in the 1999 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a team from Zürich.
Roman Wick began his hockey career in 2002 with the Kloten Flyers, for whom he had already played in the junior leagues. He played two seasons with the Flyers in the NLA before being drafted by the Ottawa Senators in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. Wick moved to the Western Hockey League (WHL) from 2004 to 2006 with the Red Deer Rebels and the Lethbridge Hurricanes. He returned to the Kloten Flyers for the 2006–07 season. After a tryout in 2007 with the Senators, he returned again to Kloten for the 2007–08 season and played there for three seasons.
In July 2010, the Ottawa Senators signed Wick to a two-year, two-way contract. The deal had been rumored since June, but was not finalized until July 14. After September training camp, Wick was assigned to the Ottawa Senator's affiliate team Binghamton Senators of the American Hockey League (AHL). Wick was called up to Ottawa in February 2011, and played his first NHL game on February 25, 2011 in Buffalo against the Buffalo Sabres.
In 2011, he moved back to Switzerland and played again for the Kloten Flyers after having signed a three-years deal. In Summer 2012, Wick moved to the rival team ZSC Lions following financial issues that involved his former Club.
On March 6, 2014, Wick agreed to a three-year contract extension for a reported CHF 2.4 million.
International play
Wick has represented Switzerland on the international stage at the World U18 Championships in 2003, the World U20 Championship in 2005, the World Championships in 2008 and 2009, and the Olympic Games in 2010.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Achievements and awards
2002 — Topscorer in the Elite Junior League
2003 — Topscorer in the Elite Junior League
2014 — MVP Most Valuable Player, National League A
References
External links
1985 births
Binghamton Senators players
GCK Lions players
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
EHC Kloten players
Lethbridge Hurricanes players
Living people
Olympic ice hockey players for Switzerland
Ottawa Senators draft picks
Ottawa Senators players
Red Deer Rebels players
Swiss ice hockey right wingers
ZSC Lions players
Sportspeople from the canton of St. Gallen |
Xuma is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Alfred Bitini Xuma (1893–1962), first black South African to become a medical doctor and president-general of the African National Congress
Madie Hall Xuma (1894–1982), American activist in South Africa
See also
Dr Xuma house, Historical building in South Africa |
Jarez (, also spelled Jarz; ) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the A'zaz District of Aleppo Governorate, located north of Aleppo. Nearby localities include A'zaz to the west, Kaljibrin to the southwest and Mare' to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Jarez had a population of 945 in the 2004 census. German traveler Martin Hartmann listed the village as Turkish in late 19th century. The village is inhabited by Turkmen.
References
Populated places in Azaz District
Villages in Aleppo Governorate
Turkmen settlements in Aleppo Governorate |
Anderson Tower, more commonly referred to as F-PAT or officially as F. Paul Anderson Tower, is a building at the University of Kentucky. The seven-level structure was completed in 1966 as Anderson Hall which replaced a former structure with the same name. It was named after F. Paul Anderson, the first dean of the College of Engineering. The structure, located in central campus in the engineering quadrangle, is connected to the Raymond Building and the Robotics Building. It is home to numerous classrooms, laboratories and offices related to the college.
See also
Buildings at the University of Kentucky
Cityscape of Lexington, Kentucky
University of Kentucky
References
External links
College of Engineering
F. Paul Anderson Tower at University of Kentucky Campus Guide
Buildings at the University of Kentucky
University and college academic buildings in the United States
Buildings and structures completed in 1966 |
Caborn may refer to
People
Richard Caborn (born 1943), a British politician
Michael Caborn-Waterfield (1930–2016), a British business man
Places
Caborn, Indiana, an unincorporated community in Posey County, Indiana, United States
Other
Caborn-Welborn culture
Caborn principles, in the United Kingdom, criteria for the calling in of planning applications |
Milen Dobrev (, February 22, 1980 — March 21, 2015) was a Bulgarian weightlifter. He became Olympic champion in 2004 in the middle heavyweight class. That same year, he won the European Championship in Kyiv. Dobrev died of a heart attack in his home in Plovdiv in 2015. He is the first Bulgarian to win an Olympic title in weightlifting as a member of a team from Plovdiv (Maritsa-Olimp). After winning the 2001 Brisbane Goodwill Games in Australia, he established himself as the elite of weightlifters. His world title was from Vancouver, Canada, in 2003. He also became European champion in 2003 in Loutraki, Greece, and in 2004 in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Dobrev started training weightlifting in 1991 under the coach Georgi Yotovski, when he was in sixth grade at the Vasil Levski Sports School and competed for the team of Maritsa. During his military service (1999 – 2000), he was part of the team of CSKA. After 2001 Dobrev transferred to the team of Maritsa-Olimp and started training under Krastyo Milev. He became part of the extended men’s national team on 11.02.2001 and made his debut at the European Men’s Championship in Trencin, Slovakia. In 2001 he also made a debut at the 2001 World Championship in Antalya, Turkey, winning his first bronze medal in the 85 kg category. In 2002 he won silver medal at the European Championship in Antalya, Turkey, in the 94 kg category. The same year, Dobrev also became second at the World Championship in Warsaw, Poland.
Milen Dobrev has been an honorary citizen of Plovdiv since 2004. On 20.04.2005 at a ceremony in the Greek Embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria, he was also named honorary citizen of Athens, Greece.
Major Results
References
External links
1980 births
Bulgarian male weightlifters
Weightlifters at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Bulgaria
2015 deaths
Olympic medalists in weightlifting
Sportspeople from Plovdiv
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Goodwill Games medalists in weightlifting
European Weightlifting Championships medalists
World Weightlifting Championships medalists
Competitors at the 2001 Goodwill Games
20th-century Bulgarian people
21st-century Bulgarian people |
```objective-c
#pragma once
#include <chrono>
#include "envoy/event/dispatcher.h"
#include "quiche/quic/core/quic_clock.h"
namespace Envoy {
namespace Quic {
class EnvoyQuicClock : public quic::QuicClock {
public:
EnvoyQuicClock(Event::Dispatcher& dispatcher) : dispatcher_(dispatcher) {}
// quic::QuicClock
quic::QuicTime ApproximateNow() const override;
quic::QuicTime Now() const override;
quic::QuicWallTime WallNow() const override;
private:
template <typename T> int64_t microsecondsSinceEpoch(std::chrono::time_point<T> time) const {
return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(time.time_since_epoch()).count();
}
Event::Dispatcher& dispatcher_;
};
} // namespace Quic
} // namespace Envoy
``` |
```xml
<vector xmlns:android="path_to_url"
xmlns:tools="path_to_url"
android:width="448dp"
android:height="512dp"
android:viewportWidth="448.0"
android:viewportHeight="512.0"
tools:keep="@drawable/fa_discourse">
<path
android:fillColor="#FFFFFFFF"
android:pathData="M225.9,32C103.3,32 0,130.5 0,252.1 0,256 0.1,480 0.1,480l225.8,-0.2c122.7,0 222.1,-102.3 222.1,-223.9C448,134.3 348.6,32 225.9,32zM224,384c-19.4,0 -37.9,-4.3 -54.4,-12.1L88.5,392l22.9,-75c-9.8,-18.1 -15.4,-38.9 -15.4,-61 0,-70.7 57.3,-128 128,-128s128,57.3 128,128 -57.3,128 -128,128z"/>
</vector>
``` |
```go
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
package metricdata // import "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric/metricdata"
import (
"encoding/json"
"time"
"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/instrumentation"
"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
)
// ResourceMetrics is a collection of ScopeMetrics and the associated Resource
// that created them.
type ResourceMetrics struct {
// Resource represents the entity that collected the metrics.
Resource *resource.Resource
// ScopeMetrics are the collection of metrics with unique Scopes.
ScopeMetrics []ScopeMetrics
}
// ScopeMetrics is a collection of Metrics Produces by a Meter.
type ScopeMetrics struct {
// Scope is the Scope that the Meter was created with.
Scope instrumentation.Scope
// Metrics are a list of aggregations created by the Meter.
Metrics []Metrics
}
// Metrics is a collection of one or more aggregated timeseries from an Instrument.
type Metrics struct {
// Name is the name of the Instrument that created this data.
Name string
// Description is the description of the Instrument, which can be used in documentation.
Description string
// Unit is the unit in which the Instrument reports.
Unit string
// Data is the aggregated data from an Instrument.
Data Aggregation
}
// Aggregation is the store of data reported by an Instrument.
// It will be one of: Gauge, Sum, Histogram.
type Aggregation interface {
privateAggregation()
}
// Gauge represents a measurement of the current value of an instrument.
type Gauge[N int64 | float64] struct {
// DataPoints are the individual aggregated measurements with unique
// Attributes.
DataPoints []DataPoint[N]
}
func (Gauge[N]) privateAggregation() {}
// Sum represents the sum of all measurements of values from an instrument.
type Sum[N int64 | float64] struct {
// DataPoints are the individual aggregated measurements with unique
// Attributes.
DataPoints []DataPoint[N]
// Temporality describes if the aggregation is reported as the change from the
// last report time, or the cumulative changes since a fixed start time.
Temporality Temporality
// IsMonotonic represents if this aggregation only increases or decreases.
IsMonotonic bool
}
func (Sum[N]) privateAggregation() {}
// DataPoint is a single data point in a timeseries.
type DataPoint[N int64 | float64] struct {
// Attributes is the set of key value pairs that uniquely identify the
// timeseries.
Attributes attribute.Set
// StartTime is when the timeseries was started. (optional)
StartTime time.Time `json:",omitempty"`
// Time is the time when the timeseries was recorded. (optional)
Time time.Time `json:",omitempty"`
// Value is the value of this data point.
Value N
// Exemplars is the sampled Exemplars collected during the timeseries.
Exemplars []Exemplar[N] `json:",omitempty"`
}
// Histogram represents the histogram of all measurements of values from an instrument.
type Histogram[N int64 | float64] struct {
// DataPoints are the individual aggregated measurements with unique
// Attributes.
DataPoints []HistogramDataPoint[N]
// Temporality describes if the aggregation is reported as the change from the
// last report time, or the cumulative changes since a fixed start time.
Temporality Temporality
}
func (Histogram[N]) privateAggregation() {}
// HistogramDataPoint is a single histogram data point in a timeseries.
type HistogramDataPoint[N int64 | float64] struct {
// Attributes is the set of key value pairs that uniquely identify the
// timeseries.
Attributes attribute.Set
// StartTime is when the timeseries was started.
StartTime time.Time
// Time is the time when the timeseries was recorded.
Time time.Time
// Count is the number of updates this histogram has been calculated with.
Count uint64
// Bounds are the upper bounds of the buckets of the histogram. Because the
// last boundary is +infinity this one is implied.
Bounds []float64
// BucketCounts is the count of each of the buckets.
BucketCounts []uint64
// Min is the minimum value recorded. (optional)
Min Extrema[N]
// Max is the maximum value recorded. (optional)
Max Extrema[N]
// Sum is the sum of the values recorded.
Sum N
// Exemplars is the sampled Exemplars collected during the timeseries.
Exemplars []Exemplar[N] `json:",omitempty"`
}
// ExponentialHistogram represents the histogram of all measurements of values from an instrument.
type ExponentialHistogram[N int64 | float64] struct {
// DataPoints are the individual aggregated measurements with unique
// attributes.
DataPoints []ExponentialHistogramDataPoint[N]
// Temporality describes if the aggregation is reported as the change from the
// last report time, or the cumulative changes since a fixed start time.
Temporality Temporality
}
func (ExponentialHistogram[N]) privateAggregation() {}
// ExponentialHistogramDataPoint is a single exponential histogram data point in a timeseries.
type ExponentialHistogramDataPoint[N int64 | float64] struct {
// Attributes is the set of key value pairs that uniquely identify the
// timeseries.
Attributes attribute.Set
// StartTime is when the timeseries was started.
StartTime time.Time
// Time is the time when the timeseries was recorded.
Time time.Time
// Count is the number of updates this histogram has been calculated with.
Count uint64
// Min is the minimum value recorded. (optional)
Min Extrema[N]
// Max is the maximum value recorded. (optional)
Max Extrema[N]
// Sum is the sum of the values recorded.
Sum N
// Scale describes the resolution of the histogram. Boundaries are
// located at powers of the base, where:
//
// base = 2 ^ (2 ^ -Scale)
Scale int32
// ZeroCount is the number of values whose absolute value
// is less than or equal to [ZeroThreshold].
// When ZeroThreshold is 0, this is the number of values that
// cannot be expressed using the standard exponential formula
// as well as values that have been rounded to zero.
// ZeroCount represents the special zero count bucket.
ZeroCount uint64
// PositiveBucket is range of positive value bucket counts.
PositiveBucket ExponentialBucket
// NegativeBucket is range of negative value bucket counts.
NegativeBucket ExponentialBucket
// ZeroThreshold is the width of the zero region. Where the zero region is
// defined as the closed interval [-ZeroThreshold, ZeroThreshold].
ZeroThreshold float64
// Exemplars is the sampled Exemplars collected during the timeseries.
Exemplars []Exemplar[N] `json:",omitempty"`
}
// ExponentialBucket are a set of bucket counts, encoded in a contiguous array
// of counts.
type ExponentialBucket struct {
// Offset is the bucket index of the first entry in the Counts slice.
Offset int32
// Counts is an slice where Counts[i] carries the count of the bucket at
// index (Offset+i). Counts[i] is the count of values greater than
// base^(Offset+i) and less than or equal to base^(Offset+i+1).
Counts []uint64
}
// Extrema is the minimum or maximum value of a dataset.
type Extrema[N int64 | float64] struct {
value N
valid bool
}
// MarshalText converts the Extrema value to text.
func (e Extrema[N]) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
if !e.valid {
return json.Marshal(nil)
}
return json.Marshal(e.value)
}
// MarshalJSON converts the Extrema value to JSON number.
func (e *Extrema[N]) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
return e.MarshalText()
}
// NewExtrema returns an Extrema set to v.
func NewExtrema[N int64 | float64](v N) Extrema[N] {
return Extrema[N]{value: v, valid: true}
}
// Value returns the Extrema value and true if the Extrema is defined.
// Otherwise, if the Extrema is its zero-value, defined will be false.
func (e Extrema[N]) Value() (v N, defined bool) {
return e.value, e.valid
}
// Exemplar is a measurement sampled from a timeseries providing a typical
// example.
type Exemplar[N int64 | float64] struct {
// FilteredAttributes are the attributes recorded with the measurement but
// filtered out of the timeseries' aggregated data.
FilteredAttributes []attribute.KeyValue
// Time is the time when the measurement was recorded.
Time time.Time
// Value is the measured value.
Value N
// SpanID is the ID of the span that was active during the measurement. If
// no span was active or the span was not sampled this will be empty.
SpanID []byte `json:",omitempty"`
// TraceID is the ID of the trace the active span belonged to during the
// measurement. If no span was active or the span was not sampled this will
// be empty.
TraceID []byte `json:",omitempty"`
}
// Summary metric data are used to convey quantile summaries,
// a Prometheus (see: path_to_url#summary)
// data type.
//
// These data points cannot always be merged in a meaningful way. The Summary
// type is only used by bridges from other metrics libraries, and cannot be
// produced using OpenTelemetry instrumentation.
type Summary struct {
// DataPoints are the individual aggregated measurements with unique
// attributes.
DataPoints []SummaryDataPoint
}
func (Summary) privateAggregation() {}
// SummaryDataPoint is a single data point in a timeseries that describes the
// time-varying values of a Summary metric.
type SummaryDataPoint struct {
// Attributes is the set of key value pairs that uniquely identify the
// timeseries.
Attributes attribute.Set
// StartTime is when the timeseries was started.
StartTime time.Time
// Time is the time when the timeseries was recorded.
Time time.Time
// Count is the number of updates this summary has been calculated with.
Count uint64
// Sum is the sum of the values recorded.
Sum float64
// (Optional) list of values at different quantiles of the distribution calculated
// from the current snapshot. The quantiles must be strictly increasing.
QuantileValues []QuantileValue
}
// QuantileValue is the value at a given quantile of a summary.
type QuantileValue struct {
// Quantile is the quantile of this value.
//
// Must be in the interval [0.0, 1.0].
Quantile float64
// Value is the value at the given quantile of a summary.
//
// Quantile values must NOT be negative.
Value float64
}
``` |
Saumsville is a CDP in Shenandoah County, Virginia, United States. Saumsville is located approximately north of Woodstock, Virginia and southwest of Strasburg, Virginia.
References
Census-designated places in Shenandoah County, Virginia
Census-designated places in Virginia
U.S. Route 11 |
Whacked! is a party game developed by Presto Studios and released in 2002 by Microsoft Game Studios exclusively for the Xbox. It was one of the two original games to be made available for Xbox Live, and it received mixed reviews. Whacked! was the last game developed by Presto Studios before it went defunct.
Gameplay
Whacked! is played as a series of arena style mini-games. The player competes with three other players, human or artificial intelligence, to complete a specific objective, and players can use a variety of weapons and power-ups to affect the game. Possible objectives include collecting stars for points, deathmatch, king of the hill, holding a trophy to earn points, and elimination style dodgeball. Single player has the addition gamemode of chicken, in which many flesh-eating chickens pursue the player, and the player has to destroy them first.
Arenas include the site of a car crash, the ceiling of a bathroom, a plaza, the space underneath a Christmas Tree, an oil pipeline, a heavily fortified front yard, a space station, a toy pirate ship in an electrified bathtub, an arena with spiked walls, the tops of skyscrapers, the back of a pickup truck during a police chase, and a kitchen sink. Hell is unlocked after completing the game.
Game show mode is the main single-player story mode, in which the player chooses one of three doors to determine the gamemode and arena. Each set of three doors makes up one stage, and each of the four stages becomes successively more difficult and the matches become longer. Battle mode allows players to play against one another and choose all of the settings the mini-game. As of the game's release, battle mode could be played through split screen, system link, or Xbox Live.
Story
Whacked! takes place on the set of a game show in which seven contestants compete for The Prize, which will be anything in the world that the contestant desires. To win The Prize, the contestants compete across four stages of violent battles and competitions. While the contestants compete, Van Tastic speaks to his boss over the phone, reassuring him that it's impossible to win and that there is no prize. After the player's character wins the game, Van Tastic's boss calls him again and cancels the show. Van Tastic challenges the winner to a final competition for an even better grand prize. After the contestant agrees, Van Tastic destroys the set, revealing it to be Hell. He burns the other contestants to death, and reveals himself to be a demon. After the winner defeats Van Tastic, his boss calls him to renew the show.
Characters
There are seven playable contestants, each based on one of the seven deadly sins, as well as a host that becomes playable after completing the game.
Lucky: A rabbit suffering from manic rage following the removal of his feet for good luck charms. He represents the concept of wrath. After winning, he receives a bionic arm with a gun.
Eugene: A flightless Canadian bird that wishes he could fly. He lives with his mother and is outwardly meek, but his inner monologue is harsh and bitter. He represents the concept of envy. After winning, he receives cardboard cutouts of "everything in the world", which then leaves him still unsatisfied.
Toof: An unintelligible monster that was developed from a single cell to clean oil spills by eating the oil. He suffers from a constant hunger and is always looking for things to eat. He represents the concept of gluttony. After winning, he receives a giant hamburger.
Lucy: A manipulative woman that uses her sex appeal to her advantage. Her plastic dress bursts apart in the opening cut scene, and her character is covered by two censor bars throughout the game. She represents the concept of lust. After winning, she receives Otto's chair.
Lance: A humanoid lion that suffers from narcissism. He represents the concept of pride. After winning, he receives a duplicate of himself.
Charity: A spoiled little girl that attempts to take everything as her own. She represents the concept of greed. After winning, she receives countless wrapped gifts.
Otto: A slim, pale man that is asleep in his armchair for the duration of the game. His chair is self-aware and competes on Otto's behalf. He represents the concept of sloth. After winning, Otto's chair receives Lucy.
Van Tastic: The host, who appears to be a charismatic human but is revealed to be a demonic creature. He represents the concept of evil.
Development
The concept for Whacked! was first conceived in the mid-1990s as a casual multiplayer game to compete against Mario Kart 64, with a similar low barrier to entry and mechanisms to rubber band players between first and last place. During development, testers would regularly test different variations of each in-game element individually before allowing the art team to give it a design. It was also tested without artificial intelligence to prioritize the multiplayer experience and players to adjust to changes in real time without updates to AI. Development was held to a strict schedule, allowing the game to ship three weeks early. Whacked! was originally designed as a PC game, but the game was eventually ported to the Xbox. Development was complicated by two of the three creative designers leaving half way through the project.
Whacked! was one of the two games distributed to beta testers for the initial rollout of Xbox Live on the Xbox. The same Live enabled demos were originally given out for one year with the purchase of the Xbox Live starter kit. As of 2010, Xbox Live for the original Xbox was discontinued, ending support for online play of all Xbox titles, including Whacked!.
Whacked! was the final project released by Presto Studios before it went out of business in 2002. Whacked! is backward compatible on the Xbox 360, albeit with some glitches, including graphics not loading properly or loading screens not displaying.
Reception
The game was met with average to mixed reception upon release, as GameRankings gave it a score of 67.28%, while Metacritic gave it 59 out of 100. Critic Jeff Gerstmann praised the game's style and voice acting, but criticized the gameplay and soundtrack, saying that "The single-player mode is plain and simple, and the multiplayer mode, once you get over the novelty of shooting people over the Internet, really lacks depth." Hilary Goldstein of IGN criticizes the drawn-out gameplay and the inconsistency of the gameshow dynamic.
References
External links
2002 video games
Microsoft games
Party video games
Presto Studios games
Seven deadly sins in popular culture
Video games developed in the United States
Xbox games
Xbox-only games
Multiplayer and single-player video games |
Gharnawt is a village in Dhofar Governorate, in southwestern Oman.
References
Populated places in the Dhofar Governorate |
```dart
// GENERATED CODE - DO NOT MODIFY BY HAND
part of angel_serialize.test.models.book;
// **************************************************************************
// JsonModelGenerator
// **************************************************************************
@generatedSerializable
@pragma('hello')
@SerializableField(alias: 'omg')
class Book extends _Book {
Book(
{this.id,
this.createdAt,
this.updatedAt,
this.author,
this.title,
this.description,
this.pageCount,
List<double> notModels,
this.camelCaseString})
: this.notModels = List.unmodifiable(notModels ?? []);
/// A unique identifier corresponding to this item.
@override
String id;
/// The time at which this item was created.
@override
DateTime createdAt;
/// The last time at which this item was updated.
@override
DateTime updatedAt;
@override
String author;
@override
String title;
@override
String description;
/// The number of pages the book has.
@override
int pageCount;
@override
List<double> notModels;
@override
String camelCaseString;
Book copyWith(
{String id,
DateTime createdAt,
DateTime updatedAt,
String author,
String title,
String description,
int pageCount,
List<double> notModels,
String camelCaseString}) {
return Book(
id: id ?? this.id,
createdAt: createdAt ?? this.createdAt,
updatedAt: updatedAt ?? this.updatedAt,
author: author ?? this.author,
title: title ?? this.title,
description: description ?? this.description,
pageCount: pageCount ?? this.pageCount,
notModels: notModels ?? this.notModels,
camelCaseString: camelCaseString ?? this.camelCaseString);
}
bool operator ==(other) {
return other is _Book &&
other.id == id &&
other.createdAt == createdAt &&
other.updatedAt == updatedAt &&
other.author == author &&
other.title == title &&
other.description == description &&
other.pageCount == pageCount &&
ListEquality<double>(DefaultEquality<double>())
.equals(other.notModels, notModels) &&
other.camelCaseString == camelCaseString;
}
@override
int get hashCode {
return hashObjects([
id,
createdAt,
updatedAt,
author,
title,
description,
pageCount,
notModels,
camelCaseString
]);
}
@override
String toString() {
return "Book(id=$id, createdAt=$createdAt, updatedAt=$updatedAt, author=$author, title=$title, description=$description, pageCount=$pageCount, notModels=$notModels, camelCaseString=$camelCaseString)";
}
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
return BookSerializer.toMap(this);
}
}
@generatedSerializable
class Author extends _Author {
Author(
{this.id,
this.createdAt,
this.updatedAt,
@required this.name,
@required this.age,
List<_Book> books,
this.newestBook,
this.secret,
this.obscured})
: this.books = List.unmodifiable(books ?? []);
/// A unique identifier corresponding to this item.
@override
String id;
/// The time at which this item was created.
@override
DateTime createdAt;
/// The last time at which this item was updated.
@override
DateTime updatedAt;
@override
final String name;
@override
final int age;
@override
final List<_Book> books;
/// The newest book.
@override
final _Book newestBook;
@override
final String secret;
@override
final String obscured;
Author copyWith(
{String id,
DateTime createdAt,
DateTime updatedAt,
String name,
int age,
List<_Book> books,
_Book newestBook,
String secret,
String obscured}) {
return Author(
id: id ?? this.id,
createdAt: createdAt ?? this.createdAt,
updatedAt: updatedAt ?? this.updatedAt,
name: name ?? this.name,
age: age ?? this.age,
books: books ?? this.books,
newestBook: newestBook ?? this.newestBook,
secret: secret ?? this.secret,
obscured: obscured ?? this.obscured);
}
bool operator ==(other) {
return other is _Author &&
other.id == id &&
other.createdAt == createdAt &&
other.updatedAt == updatedAt &&
other.name == name &&
other.age == age &&
ListEquality<_Book>(DefaultEquality<_Book>())
.equals(other.books, books) &&
other.newestBook == newestBook &&
other.secret == secret &&
other.obscured == obscured;
}
@override
int get hashCode {
return hashObjects([
id,
createdAt,
updatedAt,
name,
age,
books,
newestBook,
secret,
obscured
]);
}
@override
String toString() {
return "Author(id=$id, createdAt=$createdAt, updatedAt=$updatedAt, name=$name, age=$age, books=$books, newestBook=$newestBook, secret=$secret, obscured=$obscured)";
}
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
return AuthorSerializer.toMap(this);
}
}
@generatedSerializable
class Library extends _Library {
Library(
{this.id, this.createdAt, this.updatedAt, Map<String, _Book> collection})
: this.collection = Map.unmodifiable(collection ?? {});
/// A unique identifier corresponding to this item.
@override
String id;
/// The time at which this item was created.
@override
DateTime createdAt;
/// The last time at which this item was updated.
@override
DateTime updatedAt;
@override
final Map<String, _Book> collection;
Library copyWith(
{String id,
DateTime createdAt,
DateTime updatedAt,
Map<String, _Book> collection}) {
return Library(
id: id ?? this.id,
createdAt: createdAt ?? this.createdAt,
updatedAt: updatedAt ?? this.updatedAt,
collection: collection ?? this.collection);
}
bool operator ==(other) {
return other is _Library &&
other.id == id &&
other.createdAt == createdAt &&
other.updatedAt == updatedAt &&
MapEquality<String, _Book>(
keys: DefaultEquality<String>(),
values: DefaultEquality<_Book>())
.equals(other.collection, collection);
}
@override
int get hashCode {
return hashObjects([id, createdAt, updatedAt, collection]);
}
@override
String toString() {
return "Library(id=$id, createdAt=$createdAt, updatedAt=$updatedAt, collection=$collection)";
}
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
return LibrarySerializer.toMap(this);
}
}
@generatedSerializable
class Bookmark extends _Bookmark {
Bookmark(_Book book,
{this.id,
this.createdAt,
this.updatedAt,
List<int> history,
@required this.page,
this.comment})
: this.history = List.unmodifiable(history ?? []),
super(book);
/// A unique identifier corresponding to this item.
@override
String id;
/// The time at which this item was created.
@override
DateTime createdAt;
/// The last time at which this item was updated.
@override
DateTime updatedAt;
@override
final List<int> history;
@override
final int page;
@override
final String comment;
Bookmark copyWith(_Book book,
{String id,
DateTime createdAt,
DateTime updatedAt,
List<int> history,
int page,
String comment}) {
return Bookmark(book,
id: id ?? this.id,
createdAt: createdAt ?? this.createdAt,
updatedAt: updatedAt ?? this.updatedAt,
history: history ?? this.history,
page: page ?? this.page,
comment: comment ?? this.comment);
}
bool operator ==(other) {
return other is _Bookmark &&
other.id == id &&
other.createdAt == createdAt &&
other.updatedAt == updatedAt &&
ListEquality<int>(DefaultEquality<int>())
.equals(other.history, history) &&
other.page == page &&
other.comment == comment;
}
@override
int get hashCode {
return hashObjects([id, createdAt, updatedAt, history, page, comment]);
}
@override
String toString() {
return "Bookmark(id=$id, createdAt=$createdAt, updatedAt=$updatedAt, history=$history, page=$page, comment=$comment)";
}
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
return BookmarkSerializer.toMap(this);
}
}
// **************************************************************************
// SerializerGenerator
// **************************************************************************
const BookSerializer bookSerializer = BookSerializer();
class BookEncoder extends Converter<Book, Map> {
const BookEncoder();
@override
Map convert(Book model) => BookSerializer.toMap(model);
}
class BookDecoder extends Converter<Map, Book> {
const BookDecoder();
@override
Book convert(Map map) => BookSerializer.fromMap(map);
}
class BookSerializer extends Codec<Book, Map> {
const BookSerializer();
@override
get encoder => const BookEncoder();
@override
get decoder => const BookDecoder();
static Book fromMap(Map map) {
return Book(
id: map['id'] as String,
createdAt: map['created_at'] != null
? (map['created_at'] is DateTime
? (map['created_at'] as DateTime)
: DateTime.parse(map['created_at'].toString()))
: null,
updatedAt: map['updated_at'] != null
? (map['updated_at'] is DateTime
? (map['updated_at'] as DateTime)
: DateTime.parse(map['updated_at'].toString()))
: null,
author: map['author'] as String,
title: map['title'] as String,
description: map['description'] as String,
pageCount: map['page_count'] as int,
notModels: map['not_models'] is Iterable
? (map['not_models'] as Iterable).cast<double>().toList()
: null,
camelCaseString: map['camelCase'] as String);
}
static Map<String, dynamic> toMap(_Book model) {
if (model == null) {
return null;
}
return {
'id': model.id,
'created_at': model.createdAt?.toIso8601String(),
'updated_at': model.updatedAt?.toIso8601String(),
'author': model.author,
'title': model.title,
'description': model.description,
'page_count': model.pageCount,
'not_models': model.notModels,
'camelCase': model.camelCaseString
};
}
}
abstract class BookFields {
static const List<String> allFields = <String>[
id,
createdAt,
updatedAt,
author,
title,
description,
pageCount,
notModels,
camelCaseString
];
static const String id = 'id';
static const String createdAt = 'created_at';
static const String updatedAt = 'updated_at';
static const String author = 'author';
static const String title = 'title';
static const String description = 'description';
static const String pageCount = 'page_count';
static const String notModels = 'not_models';
static const String camelCaseString = 'camelCase';
}
const AuthorSerializer authorSerializer = AuthorSerializer();
class AuthorEncoder extends Converter<Author, Map> {
const AuthorEncoder();
@override
Map convert(Author model) => AuthorSerializer.toMap(model);
}
class AuthorDecoder extends Converter<Map, Author> {
const AuthorDecoder();
@override
Author convert(Map map) => AuthorSerializer.fromMap(map);
}
class AuthorSerializer extends Codec<Author, Map> {
const AuthorSerializer();
@override
get encoder => const AuthorEncoder();
@override
get decoder => const AuthorDecoder();
static Author fromMap(Map map) {
if (map['name'] == null) {
throw FormatException("Missing required field 'name' on Author.");
}
if (map['age'] == null) {
throw FormatException("Custom message for missing `age`");
}
return Author(
id: map['id'] as String,
createdAt: map['created_at'] != null
? (map['created_at'] is DateTime
? (map['created_at'] as DateTime)
: DateTime.parse(map['created_at'].toString()))
: null,
updatedAt: map['updated_at'] != null
? (map['updated_at'] is DateTime
? (map['updated_at'] as DateTime)
: DateTime.parse(map['updated_at'].toString()))
: null,
name: map['name'] as String,
age: map['age'] as int,
books: map['books'] is Iterable
? List.unmodifiable(((map['books'] as Iterable).whereType<Map>())
.map(BookSerializer.fromMap))
: null,
newestBook: map['newest_book'] != null
? BookSerializer.fromMap(map['newest_book'] as Map)
: null,
obscured: map['obscured'] as String);
}
static Map<String, dynamic> toMap(_Author model) {
if (model == null) {
return null;
}
if (model.name == null) {
throw FormatException("Missing required field 'name' on Author.");
}
if (model.age == null) {
throw FormatException("Custom message for missing `age`");
}
return {
'id': model.id,
'created_at': model.createdAt?.toIso8601String(),
'updated_at': model.updatedAt?.toIso8601String(),
'name': model.name,
'age': model.age,
'books': model.books?.map((m) => BookSerializer.toMap(m))?.toList(),
'newest_book': BookSerializer.toMap(model.newestBook)
};
}
}
abstract class AuthorFields {
static const List<String> allFields = <String>[
id,
createdAt,
updatedAt,
name,
age,
books,
newestBook,
secret,
obscured
];
static const String id = 'id';
static const String createdAt = 'created_at';
static const String updatedAt = 'updated_at';
static const String name = 'name';
static const String age = 'age';
static const String books = 'books';
static const String newestBook = 'newest_book';
static const String secret = 'secret';
static const String obscured = 'obscured';
}
const LibrarySerializer librarySerializer = LibrarySerializer();
class LibraryEncoder extends Converter<Library, Map> {
const LibraryEncoder();
@override
Map convert(Library model) => LibrarySerializer.toMap(model);
}
class LibraryDecoder extends Converter<Map, Library> {
const LibraryDecoder();
@override
Library convert(Map map) => LibrarySerializer.fromMap(map);
}
class LibrarySerializer extends Codec<Library, Map> {
const LibrarySerializer();
@override
get encoder => const LibraryEncoder();
@override
get decoder => const LibraryDecoder();
static Library fromMap(Map map) {
return Library(
id: map['id'] as String,
createdAt: map['created_at'] != null
? (map['created_at'] is DateTime
? (map['created_at'] as DateTime)
: DateTime.parse(map['created_at'].toString()))
: null,
updatedAt: map['updated_at'] != null
? (map['updated_at'] is DateTime
? (map['updated_at'] as DateTime)
: DateTime.parse(map['updated_at'].toString()))
: null,
collection: map['collection'] is Map
? Map.unmodifiable(
(map['collection'] as Map).keys.fold({}, (out, key) {
return out
..[key] = BookSerializer.fromMap(
((map['collection'] as Map)[key]) as Map);
}))
: null);
}
static Map<String, dynamic> toMap(_Library model) {
if (model == null) {
return null;
}
return {
'id': model.id,
'created_at': model.createdAt?.toIso8601String(),
'updated_at': model.updatedAt?.toIso8601String(),
'collection': model.collection.keys?.fold({}, (map, key) {
return map..[key] = BookSerializer.toMap(model.collection[key]);
})
};
}
}
abstract class LibraryFields {
static const List<String> allFields = <String>[
id,
createdAt,
updatedAt,
collection
];
static const String id = 'id';
static const String createdAt = 'created_at';
static const String updatedAt = 'updated_at';
static const String collection = 'collection';
}
abstract class BookmarkSerializer {
static Bookmark fromMap(Map map, _Book book) {
if (map['page'] == null) {
throw FormatException("Missing required field 'page' on Bookmark.");
}
return Bookmark(book,
id: map['id'] as String,
createdAt: map['created_at'] != null
? (map['created_at'] is DateTime
? (map['created_at'] as DateTime)
: DateTime.parse(map['created_at'].toString()))
: null,
updatedAt: map['updated_at'] != null
? (map['updated_at'] is DateTime
? (map['updated_at'] as DateTime)
: DateTime.parse(map['updated_at'].toString()))
: null,
history: map['history'] is Iterable
? (map['history'] as Iterable).cast<int>().toList()
: null,
page: map['page'] as int,
comment: map['comment'] as String);
}
static Map<String, dynamic> toMap(_Bookmark model) {
if (model == null) {
return null;
}
if (model.page == null) {
throw FormatException("Missing required field 'page' on Bookmark.");
}
return {
'id': model.id,
'created_at': model.createdAt?.toIso8601String(),
'updated_at': model.updatedAt?.toIso8601String(),
'history': model.history,
'page': model.page,
'comment': model.comment
};
}
}
abstract class BookmarkFields {
static const List<String> allFields = <String>[
id,
createdAt,
updatedAt,
history,
page,
comment
];
static const String id = 'id';
static const String createdAt = 'created_at';
static const String updatedAt = 'updated_at';
static const String history = 'history';
static const String page = 'page';
static const String comment = 'comment';
}
``` |
```python
from __future__ import annotations
from arcade.management import show_info
if __name__ == "__main__":
show_info()
``` |
```javascript
export * from './SQLite';
export * from './SQLite.types';
//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map
``` |
Duke Levine (born November 29, 1961) is an American guitarist, known primarily for his rock and country music playing as a session musician.
Levine was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States. He has recorded and performed with Shawn Colvin, Peter Wolf, Lucy Kaplansky, Bill Morrissey, Jonatha Brooke, John Gorka, David Maxwell, Dennis Brennan, Jeanie Stahl, Ellis Paul, Mary Chapin Carpenter, Slaid Cleaves and many others. From 2009 to 2011 and again from 2012 to 2015, he was the touring guitarist for The J. Geils Band and is currently playing with Bonnie Raitt. He frequently performs live with The Duke Levine Band and Slaid Cleaves.
Discography
1992: Nobody's Home
1994: Country Soul Guitar
1997: Lava
2007: Beneath the Blue
2016: The Fade Out
References
External links
Duke Levine Homepage
New England Jazz History Database
1961 births
American session musicians
Lead guitarists
Living people
Guitarists from Massachusetts
Musicians from Worcester, Massachusetts
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians |
Ronald Frederick Ralston (7 January 1903 – 30 October 1962) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Mount Gambier from 1958 to 1962 for the Labor Party.
References
1903 births
1962 deaths
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of South Australia
20th-century Australian politicians |
```smalltalk
using System.Buffers;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Advanced;
/// <summary>
/// Utility methods for batched processing of pixel row intervals.
/// Parallel execution is optimized for image processing based on values defined
/// <see cref="ParallelExecutionSettings"/> or <see cref="Configuration"/>.
/// Using this class is preferred over direct usage of <see cref="Parallel"/> utility methods.
/// </summary>
public static partial class ParallelRowIterator
{
/// <summary>
/// Iterate through the rows of a rectangle in optimized batches.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of row operation to perform.</typeparam>
/// <param name="configuration">The <see cref="Configuration"/> to get the parallel settings from.</param>
/// <param name="rectangle">The <see cref="Rectangle"/>.</param>
/// <param name="operation">The operation defining the iteration logic on a single row.</param>
[MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ShortMethod)]
public static void IterateRows<T>(Configuration configuration, Rectangle rectangle, in T operation)
where T : struct, IRowOperation
{
var parallelSettings = ParallelExecutionSettings.FromConfiguration(configuration);
IterateRows(rectangle, in parallelSettings, in operation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Iterate through the rows of a rectangle in optimized batches.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of row operation to perform.</typeparam>
/// <param name="rectangle">The <see cref="Rectangle"/>.</param>
/// <param name="parallelSettings">The <see cref="ParallelExecutionSettings"/>.</param>
/// <param name="operation">The operation defining the iteration logic on a single row.</param>
public static void IterateRows<T>(
Rectangle rectangle,
in ParallelExecutionSettings parallelSettings,
in T operation)
where T : struct, IRowOperation
{
ValidateRectangle(rectangle);
int top = rectangle.Top;
int bottom = rectangle.Bottom;
int width = rectangle.Width;
int height = rectangle.Height;
int maxSteps = DivideCeil(width * (long)height, parallelSettings.MinimumPixelsProcessedPerTask);
int numOfSteps = Math.Min(parallelSettings.MaxDegreeOfParallelism, maxSteps);
// Avoid TPL overhead in this trivial case:
if (numOfSteps == 1)
{
for (int y = top; y < bottom; y++)
{
Unsafe.AsRef(in operation).Invoke(y);
}
return;
}
int verticalStep = DivideCeil(rectangle.Height, numOfSteps);
var parallelOptions = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = numOfSteps };
var wrappingOperation = new RowOperationWrapper<T>(top, bottom, verticalStep, in operation);
Parallel.For(
0,
numOfSteps,
parallelOptions,
wrappingOperation.Invoke);
}
/// <summary>
/// Iterate through the rows of a rectangle in optimized batches.
/// instantiating a temporary buffer for each <paramref name="operation"/> invocation.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of row operation to perform.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TBuffer">The type of buffer elements.</typeparam>
/// <param name="configuration">The <see cref="Configuration"/> to get the parallel settings from.</param>
/// <param name="rectangle">The <see cref="Rectangle"/>.</param>
/// <param name="operation">The operation defining the iteration logic on a single row.</param>
public static void IterateRows<T, TBuffer>(Configuration configuration, Rectangle rectangle, in T operation)
where T : struct, IRowOperation<TBuffer>
where TBuffer : unmanaged
{
var parallelSettings = ParallelExecutionSettings.FromConfiguration(configuration);
IterateRows<T, TBuffer>(rectangle, in parallelSettings, in operation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Iterate through the rows of a rectangle in optimized batches.
/// instantiating a temporary buffer for each <paramref name="operation"/> invocation.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of row operation to perform.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TBuffer">The type of buffer elements.</typeparam>
/// <param name="rectangle">The <see cref="Rectangle"/>.</param>
/// <param name="parallelSettings">The <see cref="ParallelExecutionSettings"/>.</param>
/// <param name="operation">The operation defining the iteration logic on a single row.</param>
public static void IterateRows<T, TBuffer>(
Rectangle rectangle,
in ParallelExecutionSettings parallelSettings,
in T operation)
where T : struct, IRowOperation<TBuffer>
where TBuffer : unmanaged
{
ValidateRectangle(rectangle);
int top = rectangle.Top;
int bottom = rectangle.Bottom;
int width = rectangle.Width;
int height = rectangle.Height;
int maxSteps = DivideCeil(width * (long)height, parallelSettings.MinimumPixelsProcessedPerTask);
int numOfSteps = Math.Min(parallelSettings.MaxDegreeOfParallelism, maxSteps);
MemoryAllocator allocator = parallelSettings.MemoryAllocator;
int bufferLength = Unsafe.AsRef(in operation).GetRequiredBufferLength(rectangle);
// Avoid TPL overhead in this trivial case:
if (numOfSteps == 1)
{
using IMemoryOwner<TBuffer> buffer = allocator.Allocate<TBuffer>(bufferLength);
Span<TBuffer> span = buffer.Memory.Span;
for (int y = top; y < bottom; y++)
{
Unsafe.AsRef(in operation).Invoke(y, span);
}
return;
}
int verticalStep = DivideCeil(height, numOfSteps);
var parallelOptions = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = numOfSteps };
var wrappingOperation = new RowOperationWrapper<T, TBuffer>(top, bottom, verticalStep, bufferLength, allocator, in operation);
Parallel.For(
0,
numOfSteps,
parallelOptions,
wrappingOperation.Invoke);
}
/// <summary>
/// Iterate through the rows of a rectangle in optimized batches defined by <see cref="RowInterval"/>-s.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of row operation to perform.</typeparam>
/// <param name="configuration">The <see cref="Configuration"/> to get the parallel settings from.</param>
/// <param name="rectangle">The <see cref="Rectangle"/>.</param>
/// <param name="operation">The operation defining the iteration logic on a single <see cref="RowInterval"/>.</param>
[MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ShortMethod)]
public static void IterateRowIntervals<T>(Configuration configuration, Rectangle rectangle, in T operation)
where T : struct, IRowIntervalOperation
{
var parallelSettings = ParallelExecutionSettings.FromConfiguration(configuration);
IterateRowIntervals(rectangle, in parallelSettings, in operation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Iterate through the rows of a rectangle in optimized batches defined by <see cref="RowInterval"/>-s.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of row operation to perform.</typeparam>
/// <param name="rectangle">The <see cref="Rectangle"/>.</param>
/// <param name="parallelSettings">The <see cref="ParallelExecutionSettings"/>.</param>
/// <param name="operation">The operation defining the iteration logic on a single <see cref="RowInterval"/>.</param>
public static void IterateRowIntervals<T>(
Rectangle rectangle,
in ParallelExecutionSettings parallelSettings,
in T operation)
where T : struct, IRowIntervalOperation
{
ValidateRectangle(rectangle);
int top = rectangle.Top;
int bottom = rectangle.Bottom;
int width = rectangle.Width;
int height = rectangle.Height;
int maxSteps = DivideCeil(width * (long)height, parallelSettings.MinimumPixelsProcessedPerTask);
int numOfSteps = Math.Min(parallelSettings.MaxDegreeOfParallelism, maxSteps);
// Avoid TPL overhead in this trivial case:
if (numOfSteps == 1)
{
var rows = new RowInterval(top, bottom);
Unsafe.AsRef(in operation).Invoke(in rows);
return;
}
int verticalStep = DivideCeil(rectangle.Height, numOfSteps);
var parallelOptions = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = numOfSteps };
var wrappingOperation = new RowIntervalOperationWrapper<T>(top, bottom, verticalStep, in operation);
Parallel.For(
0,
numOfSteps,
parallelOptions,
wrappingOperation.Invoke);
}
/// <summary>
/// Iterate through the rows of a rectangle in optimized batches defined by <see cref="RowInterval"/>-s
/// instantiating a temporary buffer for each <paramref name="operation"/> invocation.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of row operation to perform.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TBuffer">The type of buffer elements.</typeparam>
/// <param name="configuration">The <see cref="Configuration"/> to get the parallel settings from.</param>
/// <param name="rectangle">The <see cref="Rectangle"/>.</param>
/// <param name="operation">The operation defining the iteration logic on a single <see cref="RowInterval"/>.</param>
public static void IterateRowIntervals<T, TBuffer>(Configuration configuration, Rectangle rectangle, in T operation)
where T : struct, IRowIntervalOperation<TBuffer>
where TBuffer : unmanaged
{
var parallelSettings = ParallelExecutionSettings.FromConfiguration(configuration);
IterateRowIntervals<T, TBuffer>(rectangle, in parallelSettings, in operation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Iterate through the rows of a rectangle in optimized batches defined by <see cref="RowInterval"/>-s
/// instantiating a temporary buffer for each <paramref name="operation"/> invocation.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of row operation to perform.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TBuffer">The type of buffer elements.</typeparam>
/// <param name="rectangle">The <see cref="Rectangle"/>.</param>
/// <param name="parallelSettings">The <see cref="ParallelExecutionSettings"/>.</param>
/// <param name="operation">The operation defining the iteration logic on a single <see cref="RowInterval"/>.</param>
public static void IterateRowIntervals<T, TBuffer>(
Rectangle rectangle,
in ParallelExecutionSettings parallelSettings,
in T operation)
where T : struct, IRowIntervalOperation<TBuffer>
where TBuffer : unmanaged
{
ValidateRectangle(rectangle);
int top = rectangle.Top;
int bottom = rectangle.Bottom;
int width = rectangle.Width;
int height = rectangle.Height;
int maxSteps = DivideCeil(width * (long)height, parallelSettings.MinimumPixelsProcessedPerTask);
int numOfSteps = Math.Min(parallelSettings.MaxDegreeOfParallelism, maxSteps);
MemoryAllocator allocator = parallelSettings.MemoryAllocator;
int bufferLength = Unsafe.AsRef(in operation).GetRequiredBufferLength(rectangle);
// Avoid TPL overhead in this trivial case:
if (numOfSteps == 1)
{
var rows = new RowInterval(top, bottom);
using IMemoryOwner<TBuffer> buffer = allocator.Allocate<TBuffer>(bufferLength);
Unsafe.AsRef(in operation).Invoke(in rows, buffer.Memory.Span);
return;
}
int verticalStep = DivideCeil(height, numOfSteps);
var parallelOptions = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = numOfSteps };
var wrappingOperation = new RowIntervalOperationWrapper<T, TBuffer>(top, bottom, verticalStep, bufferLength, allocator, in operation);
Parallel.For(
0,
numOfSteps,
parallelOptions,
wrappingOperation.Invoke);
}
[MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ShortMethod)]
private static int DivideCeil(long dividend, int divisor) => (int)Math.Min(1 + ((dividend - 1) / divisor), int.MaxValue);
private static void ValidateRectangle(Rectangle rectangle)
{
Guard.MustBeGreaterThan(
rectangle.Width,
0,
$"{nameof(rectangle)}.{nameof(rectangle.Width)}");
Guard.MustBeGreaterThan(
rectangle.Height,
0,
$"{nameof(rectangle)}.{nameof(rectangle.Height)}");
}
}
``` |
```python
import struct
import pytest
import moderngl
def test_1(ctx):
prog = ctx.program(
vertex_shader='''
#version 330
in vec2 in_v1;
in vec2 in_v2;
out vec2 out_v;
void main() {
out_v = in_v1 + in_v2;
}
''',
varyings=['out_v']
)
buf_v1 = ctx.buffer(struct.pack('8f', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8))
buf_v2 = ctx.buffer(struct.pack('2f', 10, 100))
res = ctx.buffer(reserve=buf_v1.size)
vao = ctx.vertex_array(prog, [
(buf_v1, '2f', 'in_v1'),
(buf_v2, '2f/i', 'in_v2'),
])
vao.transform(res, moderngl.POINTS)
tup = struct.unpack('8f', res.read())
assert pytest.approx(tup[0]) == 11.0
assert pytest.approx(tup[1]) == 102.0
assert pytest.approx(tup[2]) == 13.0
assert pytest.approx(tup[3]) == 104.0
assert pytest.approx(tup[4]) == 15.0
assert pytest.approx(tup[5]) == 106.0
assert pytest.approx(tup[6]) == 17.0
assert pytest.approx(tup[7]) == 108.0
``` |
Yisrael Campbell (born Christopher Campbell) is a Philadelphia-born Israeli comedian.
Campbell, who is of Irish and Italian descent, grew up Catholic in a Philadelphia suburb. One of his aunts is a Catholic nun. A typical Campbell joke is that his aunt is a nun, "which of course makes Jesus my uncle, allowing for easier parking in Jerusalem." Campbell converted to Judaism with a Reform rabbi, and says that a "spiritual hunger" led him to have a second conversion with a Conservative rabbi. On a four-month visit to Israel in 2000 he decided to have a third conversion and live as an Orthodox Jew.
Campbell and his wife Avital, an Orthodox rabbi, have four children, including twins, and live in Jerusalem.
Campbell and his wife both went to the school, The Pardes Institute of Jewish Studies.
The Guardian wrote that "As far as we know, Lenny Bruce never had sex with an Orthodox Jew, but if he had – he would have produced Yisrael Campbell."
In 2006 Campbell appeared with the Israeli-Palestinian Comedy Tour.
Campbell is the subject of a 2008 documentary film, Circumcise Me.
References
External links
yisraelcampbell.com
https://www.pardes.org.il/
Living people
20th-century converts to Judaism
American emigrants to Israel
American former Christians
American Orthodox Jews
American people of Irish descent
American people of Italian descent
American stand-up comedians
Converts to Judaism from Roman Catholicism
Converts to Reform Judaism
Converts to Conservative Judaism
Converts to Orthodox Judaism
Israeli male comedians
Israeli Orthodox Jews
Israeli people of Irish descent
Israeli people of Italian descent
Israeli stand-up comedians
Jewish Israeli comedians
Entertainers from Philadelphia
Year of birth missing (living people)
Orthodox and Hasidic Jewish comedians
Jewish American comedians
21st-century Israeli comedians
21st-century American Jews |
```html
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Overlay Sample Program - Debugging with GDB</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
<meta name="description" content="Debugging with GDB">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.11">
<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
<link rel="up" href="Overlays.html#Overlays" title="Overlays">
<link rel="prev" href="Automatic-Overlay-Debugging.html#Automatic-Overlay-Debugging" title="Automatic Overlay Debugging">
<link href="path_to_url" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<!--
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being ``Free Software'' and ``Free Software Needs
Free Documentation'', with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You are free to copy and modify
this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in
developing GNU and promoting software freedom.''
-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css"><!--
pre.display { font-family:inherit }
pre.format { font-family:inherit }
pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
--></style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="node">
<p>
<a name="Overlay-Sample-Program"></a>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Automatic-Overlay-Debugging.html#Automatic-Overlay-Debugging">Automatic Overlay Debugging</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Overlays.html#Overlays">Overlays</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h3 class="section">14.4 Overlay Sample Program</h3>
<p><a name="index-overlay-example-program-915"></a>
When linking a program which uses overlays, you must place the overlays
at their load addresses, while relocating them to run at their mapped
addresses. To do this, you must write a linker script (see <a href="../ld/Overlay-Description.html#Overlay-Description">Overlay Description</a>). Unfortunately,
since linker scripts are specific to a particular host system, target
architecture, and target memory layout, this manual cannot provide
portable sample code demonstrating <span class="sc">gdb</span>'s overlay support.
<p>However, the <span class="sc">gdb</span> source distribution does contain an overlaid
program, with linker scripts for a few systems, as part of its test
suite. The program consists of the following files from
<samp><span class="file">gdb/testsuite/gdb.base</span></samp>:
<dl>
<dt><samp><span class="file">overlays.c</span></samp><dd>The main program file.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">ovlymgr.c</span></samp><dd>A simple overlay manager, used by <samp><span class="file">overlays.c</span></samp>.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">foo.c</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="file">bar.c</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="file">baz.c</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="file">grbx.c</span></samp><dd>Overlay modules, loaded and used by <samp><span class="file">overlays.c</span></samp>.
<br><dt><samp><span class="file">d10v.ld</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="file">m32r.ld</span></samp><dd>Linker scripts for linking the test program on the <code>d10v-elf</code>
and <code>m32r-elf</code> targets.
</dl>
<p>You can build the test program using the <code>d10v-elf</code> GCC
cross-compiler like this:
<pre class="smallexample"> $ d10v-elf-gcc -g -c overlays.c
$ d10v-elf-gcc -g -c ovlymgr.c
$ d10v-elf-gcc -g -c foo.c
$ d10v-elf-gcc -g -c bar.c
$ d10v-elf-gcc -g -c baz.c
$ d10v-elf-gcc -g -c grbx.c
$ d10v-elf-gcc -g overlays.o ovlymgr.o foo.o bar.o \
baz.o grbx.o -Wl,-Td10v.ld -o overlays
</pre>
<p>The build process is identical for any other architecture, except that
you must substitute the appropriate compiler and linker script for the
target system for <code>d10v-elf-gcc</code> and <code>d10v.ld</code>.
</body></html>
``` |
```c++
///|/
///|/ PrusaSlicer is released under the terms of the AGPLv3 or higher
///|/
#ifndef libslic3r_Triangulation_hpp_
#define libslic3r_Triangulation_hpp_
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <libslic3r/Point.hpp>
#include <libslic3r/Polygon.hpp>
#include <libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp>
namespace Slic3r {
class Triangulation
{
public:
Triangulation() = delete;
// define oriented connection of 2 vertices(defined by its index)
using HalfEdge = std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>;
using HalfEdges = std::vector<HalfEdge>;
using Indices = std::vector<Vec3i>;
/// <summary>
/// Connect points by triangulation to create filled surface by triangles
/// Input points have to be unique
/// Inspiration for make unique points is Emboss::dilate_to_unique_points
/// </summary>
/// <param name="points">Points to connect</param>
/// <param name="edges">Constraint for edges, pair is from point(first) to
/// point(second), sorted lexicographically</param>
/// <returns>Triangles</returns>
static Indices triangulate(const Points &points,
const HalfEdges &half_edges);
static Indices triangulate(const Polygon &polygon);
static Indices triangulate(const Polygons &polygons);
static Indices triangulate(const ExPolygon &expolygon);
static Indices triangulate(const ExPolygons &expolygons);
// Map for convert original index to set without duplication
// from_index<to_index>
using Changes = std::vector<uint32_t>;
/// <summary>
/// Create conversion map from original index into new
/// with respect of duplicit point
/// </summary>
/// <param name="points">input set of points</param>
/// <param name="duplicits">duplicit points collected from points</param>
/// <returns>Conversion map for point index</returns>
static Changes create_changes(const Points &points, const Points &duplicits);
/// <summary>
/// Triangulation for expolygons, speed up when points are already collected
/// NOTE: Not working properly for ExPolygons with multiple point on same coordinate
/// You should check it by "collect_changes"
/// </summary>
/// <param name="expolygons">Input shape to triangulation - define edges</param>
/// <param name="points">Points from expolygons</param>
/// <returns>Triangle indices</returns>
static Indices triangulate(const ExPolygons &expolygons, const Points& points);
/// <summary>
/// Triangulation for expolygons containing multiple points with same coordinate
/// </summary>
/// <param name="expolygons">Input shape to triangulation - define edge</param>
/// <param name="points">Points from expolygons</param>
/// <param name="changes">Changes swap for indicies into points</param>
/// <returns>Triangle indices</returns>
static Indices triangulate(const ExPolygons &expolygons, const Points& points, const Changes& changes);
};
} // namespace Slic3r
#endif // libslic3r_Triangulation_hpp_
``` |
Mr. Airplane Man is an American rock band from Boston, Massachusetts.
Background and history
Margaret Garrett and Tara McManus met each other when they were both 10 years old. The two became childhood friends, but later separated, attending separate colleges. After beginning to play music together, the duo experimented with other band members, but preferred playing as a twosome. The band was formed under advice from Morphine frontman Mark Sandman.
Career
Mr. Airplane Man released their first album Red Lite in 2001. The album drew comparisons to The White Stripes and Howlin' Wolf.
They released their second album in 2002 titled Moanin'''. This was followed up with a third album in 2004 titled C'mon DJ.
The duo later were asked to open for Yeah Yeah Yeahs, The White Stripes and The Strokes. The duo released an EP in 2012 titled Shakin' Around.
After their third album, the duo went on hiatus, citing lack of inspiration. After being asked to play a festival in Germany, the pair decided to reunite.
The duo eventually released The Lost Tapes in December 2014, a collection of unreleased recordings from 1999 and a self-titled full length album originally recorded with Mark Sandman in 1998.
In 2016, the band relocated to Los Angeles to pursue musical work in the film and television industry. Their music has appeared in episodes of The L Word and the film Crazy Eyes, amongst others.
Mr. Airplane Man released Jacaranda Blues in 2018.
Discography
Previously unreleased
1998: Mr. Airplane Man 1999: The Lost Tapes (Released 2014)
LPs
2001: Red Lite 2002: Moanin' 2004: C'Mon DJ 2018: Jacaranda Blues EPs
2012: Shakin' Around''
References
American blues rock musical groups
Musical duos from Massachusetts
Musical groups from Boston
Punk blues musical groups
Rock music duos
Sympathy for the Record Industry artists |
Symphony No. 24 may refer to:
Symphony No. 24 (Brian) in D major by Havergal Brian, 1965
Symphony No. 24 (Haydn) in D major (Hoboken I/24) by Joseph Haydn, 1764
Symphony No. 24 (Michael Haydn) in A major (Perger 15, Sherman 24, MH 302 by Michael Haydn, 1781
Symphony No. 24 (Mozart) in B-flat major (K. 182/173dA) by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1773
Symphony No. 24 (Myaskovsky) in F minor (Op. 63) by Nikolai Myaskovsky, 1943
024 |
```objective-c
// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
// path_to_url
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Authors: wink@google.com (Wink Saville),
// kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
// Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
// Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
//
// Defines MessageLite, the abstract interface implemented by all (lite
// and non-lite) protocol message objects.
#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
#include <climits>
#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
#if LANG_CXX11 && !defined(__NVCC__)
#define PROTOBUF_CXX11 1
#else
#define PROTOBUF_CXX11 0
#endif
#if PROTOBUF_CXX11
#define PROTOBUF_FINAL final
#else
#define PROTOBUF_FINAL
#endif
#ifndef LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT
#define LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT
#endif
#define PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED(message)
namespace google {
namespace protobuf {
class Arena;
namespace io {
class CodedInputStream;
class CodedOutputStream;
class ZeroCopyInputStream;
class ZeroCopyOutputStream;
}
namespace internal {
class WireFormatLite;
#ifndef SWIG
// We compute sizes as size_t but cache them as int. This function converts a
// computed size to a cached size. Since we don't proceed with serialization
// if the total size was > INT_MAX, it is not important what this function
// returns for inputs > INT_MAX. However this case should not error or
// GOOGLE_CHECK-fail, because the full size_t resolution is still returned from
// ByteSizeLong() and checked against INT_MAX; we can catch the overflow
// there.
inline int ToCachedSize(size_t size) { return static_cast<int>(size); }
// We mainly calculate sizes in terms of size_t, but some functions that
// compute sizes return "int". These int sizes are expected to always be
// positive. This function is more efficient than casting an int to size_t
// directly on 64-bit platforms because it avoids making the compiler emit a
// sign extending instruction, which we don't want and don't want to pay for.
inline size_t FromIntSize(int size) {
// Convert to unsigned before widening so sign extension is not necessary.
return static_cast<unsigned int>(size);
}
// For cases where a legacy function returns an integer size. We GOOGLE_DCHECK()
// that the conversion will fit within an integer; if this is false then we
// are losing information.
inline int ToIntSize(size_t size) {
GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(size, static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX));
return static_cast<int>(size);
}
// This type wraps a variable whose constructor and destructor are explicitly
// called. It is particularly useful for a global variable, without its
// constructor and destructor run on start and end of the program lifetime.
// This circumvents the initial construction order fiasco, while keeping
// the address of the empty string a compile time constant.
//
// Pay special attention to the initialization state of the object.
// 1. The object is "uninitialized" to begin with.
// 2. Call DefaultConstruct() only if the object is uninitialized.
// After the call, the object becomes "initialized".
// 3. Call get() and get_mutable() only if the object is initialized.
// 4. Call Destruct() only if the object is initialized.
// After the call, the object becomes uninitialized.
template <typename T>
class ExplicitlyConstructed {
public:
void DefaultConstruct() {
new (&union_) T();
}
void Destruct() {
get_mutable()->~T();
}
#if LANG_CXX11
constexpr
#endif
const T&
get() const {
return reinterpret_cast<const T&>(union_);
}
T* get_mutable() { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(&union_); }
private:
// Prefer c++14 aligned_storage, but for compatibility this will do.
union AlignedUnion {
char space[sizeof(T)];
int64 align_to_int64;
void* align_to_ptr;
} union_;
};
// Default empty string object. Don't use this directly. Instead, call
// GetEmptyString() to get the reference.
extern ExplicitlyConstructed< ::std::string> fixed_address_empty_string;
LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT extern ProtobufOnceType empty_string_once_init_;
LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void InitEmptyString();
LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT inline const ::std::string& GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited() {
return fixed_address_empty_string.get();
}
LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT inline const ::std::string& GetEmptyString() {
::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&empty_string_once_init_, &InitEmptyString);
return GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited();
}
LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT size_t StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(const string& str);
#endif // SWIG
} // namespace internal
// Interface to light weight protocol messages.
//
// This interface is implemented by all protocol message objects. Non-lite
// messages additionally implement the Message interface, which is a
// subclass of MessageLite. Use MessageLite instead when you only need
// the subset of features which it supports -- namely, nothing that uses
// descriptors or reflection. You can instruct the protocol compiler
// to generate classes which implement only MessageLite, not the full
// Message interface, by adding the following line to the .proto file:
//
// option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
//
// This is particularly useful on resource-constrained systems where
// the full protocol buffers runtime library is too big.
//
// Note that on non-constrained systems (e.g. servers) when you need
// to link in lots of protocol definitions, a better way to reduce
// total code footprint is to use optimize_for = CODE_SIZE. This
// will make the generated code smaller while still supporting all the
// same features (at the expense of speed). optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME
// is best when you only have a small number of message types linked
// into your binary, in which case the size of the protocol buffers
// runtime itself is the biggest problem.
class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageLite {
public:
inline MessageLite() {}
virtual ~MessageLite() {}
// Basic Operations ------------------------------------------------
// Get the name of this message type, e.g. "foo.bar.BazProto".
virtual string GetTypeName() const = 0;
// Construct a new instance of the same type. Ownership is passed to the
// caller.
virtual MessageLite* New() const = 0;
// Construct a new instance on the arena. Ownership is passed to the caller
// if arena is a NULL. Default implementation for backwards compatibility.
virtual MessageLite* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
// Get the arena, if any, associated with this message. Virtual method
// required for generic operations but most arena-related operations should
// use the GetArenaNoVirtual() generated-code method. Default implementation
// to reduce code size by avoiding the need for per-type implementations
// when types do not implement arena support.
virtual ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena() const { return NULL; }
// Get a pointer that may be equal to this message's arena, or may not be.
// If the value returned by this method is equal to some arena pointer, then
// this message is on that arena; however, if this message is on some arena,
// this method may or may not return that arena's pointer. As a tradeoff,
// this method may be more efficient than GetArena(). The intent is to allow
// underlying representations that use e.g. tagged pointers to sometimes
// store the arena pointer directly, and sometimes in a more indirect way,
// and allow a fastpath comparison against the arena pointer when it's easy
// to obtain.
virtual void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const { return GetArena(); }
// Clear all fields of the message and set them to their default values.
// Clear() avoids freeing memory, assuming that any memory allocated
// to hold parts of the message will be needed again to hold the next
// message. If you actually want to free the memory used by a Message,
// you must delete it.
virtual void Clear() = 0;
// Quickly check if all required fields have values set.
virtual bool IsInitialized() const = 0;
// This is not implemented for Lite messages -- it just returns "(cannot
// determine missing fields for lite message)". However, it is implemented
// for full messages. See message.h.
virtual string InitializationErrorString() const;
// If |other| is the exact same class as this, calls MergeFrom(). Otherwise,
// results are undefined (probably crash).
virtual void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const MessageLite& other) = 0;
// Parsing ---------------------------------------------------------
// Methods for parsing in protocol buffer format. Most of these are
// just simple wrappers around MergeFromCodedStream(). Clear() will be
// called before merging the input.
// Fill the message with a protocol buffer parsed from the given input
// stream. Returns false on a read error or if the input is in the wrong
// format. A successful return does not indicate the entire input is
// consumed, ensure you call ConsumedEntireMessage() to check that if
// applicable.
bool ParseFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
// Like ParseFromCodedStream(), but accepts messages that are missing
// required fields.
bool ParsePartialFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
// Read a protocol buffer from the given zero-copy input stream. If
// successful, the entire input will be consumed.
bool ParseFromZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input);
// Like ParseFromZeroCopyStream(), but accepts messages that are missing
// required fields.
bool ParsePartialFromZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input);
// Read a protocol buffer from the given zero-copy input stream, expecting
// the message to be exactly "size" bytes long. If successful, exactly
// this many bytes will have been consumed from the input.
bool ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, int size);
// Like ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(), but accepts messages that are
// missing required fields.
bool ParsePartialFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
int size);
// Parses a protocol buffer contained in a string. Returns true on success.
// This function takes a string in the (non-human-readable) binary wire
// format, matching the encoding output by MessageLite::SerializeToString().
// If you'd like to convert a human-readable string into a protocol buffer
// object, see google::protobuf::TextFormat::ParseFromString().
bool ParseFromString(const string& data);
// Like ParseFromString(), but accepts messages that are missing
// required fields.
bool ParsePartialFromString(const string& data);
// Parse a protocol buffer contained in an array of bytes.
bool ParseFromArray(const void* data, int size);
// Like ParseFromArray(), but accepts messages that are missing
// required fields.
bool ParsePartialFromArray(const void* data, int size);
// Reads a protocol buffer from the stream and merges it into this
// Message. Singular fields read from the input overwrite what is
// already in the Message and repeated fields are appended to those
// already present.
//
// It is the responsibility of the caller to call input->LastTagWas()
// (for groups) or input->ConsumedEntireMessage() (for non-groups) after
// this returns to verify that the message's end was delimited correctly.
//
// ParsefromCodedStream() is implemented as Clear() followed by
// MergeFromCodedStream().
bool MergeFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
// Like MergeFromCodedStream(), but succeeds even if required fields are
// missing in the input.
//
// MergeFromCodedStream() is just implemented as MergePartialFromCodedStream()
// followed by IsInitialized().
virtual bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input) = 0;
// Serialization ---------------------------------------------------
// Methods for serializing in protocol buffer format. Most of these
// are just simple wrappers around ByteSize() and SerializeWithCachedSizes().
// Write a protocol buffer of this message to the given output. Returns
// false on a write error. If the message is missing required fields,
// this may GOOGLE_CHECK-fail.
bool SerializeToCodedStream(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
// Like SerializeToCodedStream(), but allows missing required fields.
bool SerializePartialToCodedStream(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
// Write the message to the given zero-copy output stream. All required
// fields must be set.
bool SerializeToZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const;
// Like SerializeToZeroCopyStream(), but allows missing required fields.
bool SerializePartialToZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const;
// Serialize the message and store it in the given string. All required
// fields must be set.
bool SerializeToString(string* output) const;
// Like SerializeToString(), but allows missing required fields.
bool SerializePartialToString(string* output) const;
// Serialize the message and store it in the given byte array. All required
// fields must be set.
bool SerializeToArray(void* data, int size) const;
// Like SerializeToArray(), but allows missing required fields.
bool SerializePartialToArray(void* data, int size) const;
// Make a string encoding the message. Is equivalent to calling
// SerializeToString() on a string and using that. Returns the empty
// string if SerializeToString() would have returned an error.
// Note: If you intend to generate many such strings, you may
// reduce heap fragmentation by instead re-using the same string
// object with calls to SerializeToString().
string SerializeAsString() const;
// Like SerializeAsString(), but allows missing required fields.
string SerializePartialAsString() const;
// Like SerializeToString(), but appends to the data to the string's existing
// contents. All required fields must be set.
bool AppendToString(string* output) const;
// Like AppendToString(), but allows missing required fields.
bool AppendPartialToString(string* output) const;
// Computes the serialized size of the message. This recursively calls
// ByteSizeLong() on all embedded messages.
//
// ByteSizeLong() is generally linear in the number of fields defined for the
// proto.
virtual size_t ByteSizeLong() const = 0;
// Legacy ByteSize() API.
PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("Please use ByteSizeLong() instead")
int ByteSize() const {
return internal::ToIntSize(ByteSizeLong());
}
// Serializes the message without recomputing the size. The message must not
// have changed since the last call to ByteSize(), and the value returned by
// ByteSize must be non-negative. Otherwise the results are undefined.
virtual void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
// Functions below here are not part of the public interface. It isn't
// enforced, but they should be treated as private, and will be private
// at some future time. Unfortunately the implementation of the "friend"
// keyword in GCC is broken at the moment, but we expect it will be fixed.
// Like SerializeWithCachedSizes, but writes directly to *target, returning
// a pointer to the byte immediately after the last byte written. "target"
// must point at a byte array of at least ByteSize() bytes. Whether to use
// deterministic serialization, e.g., maps in sorted order, is determined by
// CodedOutputStream::IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic().
virtual uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(uint8* target) const;
// Returns the result of the last call to ByteSize(). An embedded message's
// size is needed both to serialize it (because embedded messages are
// length-delimited) and to compute the outer message's size. Caching
// the size avoids computing it multiple times.
//
// ByteSize() does not automatically use the cached size when available
// because this would require invalidating it every time the message was
// modified, which would be too hard and expensive. (E.g. if a deeply-nested
// sub-message is changed, all of its parents' cached sizes would need to be
// invalidated, which is too much work for an otherwise inlined setter
// method.)
virtual int GetCachedSize() const = 0;
virtual uint8* InternalSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(bool deterministic,
uint8* target) const;
private:
// TODO(gerbens) make this a pure abstract function
virtual const void* InternalGetTable() const { return NULL; }
friend class internal::WireFormatLite;
friend class Message;
GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageLite);
};
namespace internal {
extern bool LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT proto3_preserve_unknown_;
// DO NOT USE: For migration only. Will be removed when Proto3 defaults to
// preserve unknowns.
inline bool GetProto3PreserveUnknownsDefault() {
return proto3_preserve_unknown_;
}
// DO NOT USE: For migration only. Will be removed when Proto3 defaults to
// preserve unknowns.
void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SetProto3PreserveUnknownsDefault(bool preserve);
} // namespace internal
} // namespace protobuf
} // namespace google
#endif // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
``` |
HL Tauri (abbreviated HL Tau) is a young T Tauri star in the constellation Taurus, approximately from Earth in the Taurus Molecular Cloud. The luminosity and effective temperature of imply that its age is less than 100,000 years. At apparent magnitude 15.1, it is too faint to be seen with the unaided eye. It is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk marked by dark bands visible in submillimeter radiation that may indicate a number of planets in the process of formation. It is accompanied by the Herbig–Haro object , a jet of gas emitted along the rotational axis of the disk that is colliding with nearby interstellar dust and gas.
Protoplanetary disk
Indications of a protoplanetary disk were first presented in 1975 with infrared spectral observations in wavelengths between 2 and 4 microns, which were made possible by the recent invention of the indium antimonide photovoltaic detector. Of 29 very young stars examined, only showed a strong absorption feature centered on the expected 3.07 micron absorption of ice particles, which authors attributed to the ν1, ν3, and 2ν2 vibrational frequencies of the O–H bond. A 1982 survey identified as one of the most highly polarized stars known, along with DG Tauri and V536 Aquilae.
A gas disk was discovered by interferometric observation of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in 1986. Based on observation data in 1985 and 1986 from the Millimeter Wave Interferometer of the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, the circumstellar disk was estimated to have a mass between and , with a best fit of , and a radius of about 200 AU. The temperature of the gas and grains of the disk are probably of the order of a few tens of kelvins. The gas was found to be bound to and in Keplerian rotation around a star with a mass of about . Bipolar outflow of molecules such as carbon monoxide (CO) and diatomic hydrogen (H2) have been observed. The element iron has also been noted in the outflow in its Fe(II) oxidation state, also called Fe2+ or ferrous iron.
An image of the protoplanetary disk made at submillimeter wavelengths by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) was made public in 2014, showing a series of concentric bright rings separated by gaps. The disk appeared much more evolved than would have been expected from the age of the system, which suggests that the planetary formation process may be faster than previously thought. ALMA's Catherine Vlahakis said, "When we first saw this image we were astounded at the spectacular level of detail. HL Tauri is no more than a million years old, yet already its disc appears to be full of forming planets. This one image alone will revolutionize theories of planet formation."
Stephens et al. (2014) suggest that the faster accretion rate might be due to the complex magnetic field of the protoplanetary disk.
Gallery
References
External links
K-type stars
Tauri, HL
T Tauri stars
Taurus (constellation) |
This is a list of all types of vehicle that can be used on a railway, either specifically for running on the rails, or for maintenance or up-keep of a railway.
General classes of railway vehicle
Freight car (US)
Goods wagon (UIC)
High speed train
Locomotive
Multiple unit
Diesel Multiple Unit
Electric Multiple Unit
Passenger car or coach
Private railroad car
Railcar or Railbus
Rail motor coach
Road-rail vehicle
Rolling stock
Tilting train
Travelling Post Office
Railway vehicles listed by usage
Traction vehicles or propelled cars
Autorail
Cab car or Control car (rail)
Driving Van Trailer
Driving Brake Standard Open
Shunter or Switcher
Tank locomotive
Passenger use
Baggage car
Bilevel car
Coach (rail)
Comet (railcar)
Compartment coach
Corridor coach
Couchette car
Dining car
Dome car
Observation car
Open coach
Parlor car
Shoreliner
Sleeping car
Slip coach
Superliner (railcar)
Freight use
Container use
Boxmotor
CargoSprinter
Conflat
Double-stack car
Megafret
Bulk freight
Boxcar (US)
Centerbeam cars
Covered hopper
Covered wagon (UIC)
Double door boxcar
Flatcar
Gondola (rail) (US)
Goods wagon
Hicube boxcars
Hopper car
Open wagon (UIC)
Refrigerator car (US)
Refrigerated van (UIC)
Tank car (US), Tank wagon (UIC)
Special use
Aircraft parts car
Autorack
Coil car (rail)
Lowmac
Mineral wagon
Quarry tub
Schnabel car
Slate wagon
Stock car (rail)
Multi-modal
Intermodal car
Modalohr Road Trailer Carriers
Roadrailer
Well car
Ancillary vehicles
Brake van
Caboose
Crane (railroad)
Handcar
Roll-block wagon
Scale test car
Transporter wagon
Outfit Car or a Camp Car
Military use
Railroad plough
Railway gun
Troop sleeper
Maintenance of Rail vehicles
Adzer/Cribber
Anchor machine
Ballast cleaner
Ballast regulator
Ballast tamper
Catenary maintenance vehicle
Clearance car
Comboliner
Crew car
Dynamometer car
Flanger
Handcar
HiRail truck
OTM reclaimer (scrap loader)
Railgrinder
Rail heater
Rotary snowplow
Speedswing
Speeder
Spike puller
Spiker
Spiker gauger
Tie crane
Tie extractor/inserter
Tie Spacer
Track geometry car
Track renewal train
TR10
Railway vehicles listed alphabetically
A
Aircraft parts car
Autorack
Autorail
Aérotrain
B
Baggage car
Ballast cleaner
Ballast regulator
Ballast tamper
Bilevel car
Boxcab
Boxcar
Boxmotor
Brake van
C
Cab car
Caboose
CargoSprinter
Centerbeam cars
Clearance car
Coach (rail)
Conflat
Container car
Coil car (rail)
Comboliner
Comet (passenger car)
Control car (rail)
Couchette car
Covered hopper
Crane (railroad)
Crew car
D
Derrick car
Diesel Multiple Unit
Dining car
Dome car
Double door boxcar
Double-stack car
Draisine
Driving Van Trailer
Driving Brake Standard Open
Dynamometer car
E
Electric Multiple Unit
F
Flatcar
Flanger
Freight car
G
General Utility Van
Gondola (rail)
Grain car
H
Handcar
Hicube boxcar
High speed train
HiRail truck
Hopper car
L
Locomotive
Lowmac
M
Megafret
Modalohr road trailer carriers
Multiple unit
O
Observation car
Outfit Car or a Camp Car
P
Pacer (train)
Passenger car (rail)
Pendolino
Private railroad car
R
Rail ambulance
Railcar
Railgrinder
Rail motor coach
Railroad plough
Railway gun
Refrigerator car
Revenue collection cars
Roadrailer
Road-rail vehicle
Roll-block wagon
Rotary snowplow
S
Scale test car
Schnabel car
Shunter
Slate wagon
Sleeping car
Slip coach
Speeder
Spiker
Steam locomotive
Steam railcar
Stock car (rail)
Superliner (railcar)
Switcher
T
Tamper
Tank car
Tank locomotive
Tender
Tower car
Track geometry car
Track renewal train
Transporter wagon
Travelling Post Office
Troop sleeper
References
Railway
Vehicles |
Stod (; ) is a town in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Lelov is an administrative part of Stod.
Geography
Stod is located about southwest of Plzeň. It lies on the border between the Plasy Uplands and Švihov Highlands. The highest point is a hill with an altitude of . The town is situated at the confluence of the Radbuza and Merklínka rivers.
History
The first written mention of Stod is from 1235, when King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia left the village to the Chotěšov Abbey. In 1315, John of Bohemia promoted the village to a market town. By the period of King Charles IV in 1363, the town acquired more privileges, such as a judiciary, the right to use a town seal, and to keep the town's books. In 1544 the town was granted the privilege of establishing a malt-house and a brewery. By 1547 there was a post office and in 1550 Ferdinand I allowed the town to stage an annual fair.
The market town was set back by the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War. By 1654, only about 230 residents remained in Stod. Consequently, tracts of land were distributed to German families from Bavaria to repopulate the region, which led to Germanization of Stod. By 1850, Stod had grown to approximately 1,500 residents and was promoted to a town.
In 1863, a group of 83 people from Stod, led by the former military officer Martin Krippner, left to settle Puhoi in New Zealand.
In 1938, the town was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of Reichsgau Sudetenland. After World War II, most of the German population was expelled.
Demographics
Transport
Stod lies on the railway line heading from Plzeň to Domažlice.
Sport
The Prague–Plzeň–Regensburg cycle route passes through the town.
Sights
The main landmark of Stod is the Church of Saint Mary Magdalene. It was built in the Neoclassical style on the site of an older church in 1841–1843.
Near the church is the Chapel of Saint John of Nepomuk. It is a baroque chapel from the early 18th century, which belonged to a now non-existent hospital.
Notable people
Arthur Salz (1881–1963), German sociologist and economist
Ilona Uhlíková-Voštová (born 1954), table tennis player
Pavel Soukup (born 1971), athlete
References
External links
Cities and towns in the Czech Republic
Populated places in Plzeň-South District |
Malina Popivanova (April 7, 1902, Kočani, Ottoman Empire – July 19, 1954, Tyumen, USSR) was a prominent Macedonian communist.
Personal life
Popivanova joined the revolutionary movement when she was very young and still in school. In 1919, she was arrested by the Bulgarian police during demonstrations in Sofia. Her parents and brothers, Ivan and Ceko Popivanov, were also arrested for participating in the same demonstration.
She was accepted into the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1920, in the city of Belgrade, capital of Serbia. She remained there until 1921 and pursued studies in the field of pharmacology. She moved to the city of Skopje from 1921 to 1924, and was an active member of the Cultural and Artistic Association, also known as "Abrasevic".
In the autumn of 1924, she moved to the USSR for schooling under the order of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, and became the first Macedonian to graduate from Ia. M. Sverdlov Communist University in 1928.
Career
In order to deal with the factional fighting in the Yugoslav Communist Party, the Comintern in the spring of 1928 sent more reliable cadres to Yugoslavia, including Popivanova. She first got a job working in Zagreb, then in Dalmatia, which was the center of the left faction in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.
In November 1928 Popivanova was a delegate to the Fourth Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in Dresden, along with Koco Racin At the Congress she was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, making her the first Macedonian with such a high position. After the Congress she returned to Zagreb, but due to illness in 1929 emigrated to the USSR where she lived and continued to operate under the name Elena Nikolaevna Galkina. In autumn 1929 she became a lecturer at the Communist University for National Minorities of the West (CONMW). At the end of 1929 she participated in dealing with opponents of the line of the Comintern in the Yugoslav CONMW sector. She taught at CONMW until December 1932, when she was sent to do organizational work, first in Moscow, and in October 1933 in the Omsk area. From there, in 1935 she was sent to Chervishevo in the Tyumenskaya area.
In 1937, at the height of Stalin's purges she was excluded from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and then arrested. In 1939 she was cleared and settled in Tyumen Oblast. There she worked as a teacher of history at the School of Pedagogy. She was later readmitted to the party. She died in 1954.
A November 28, 1963, decision of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, she along with her father Stefan was politically rehabilitated and registered as Macedonian. This information was taken from a questionnaire that she filled out in 1932 when seeking papers from the Soviet Union, where in the "nationality" section she wrote - Macedonian.
A primary school in Kocani is named "Malina Popivanova".
References
Macedonian communists
Women in World War II
Immigrants to the Soviet Union
Yugoslav emigrants
Soviet rehabilitations
1902 births
1954 deaths
People from Kočani |
An autonomous municipality or city, previously provincial city, is a de jure second-level administrative division unit in the Republic of China (Taiwan).
The provincial cities were formerly under the jurisdiction of provinces, but the provinces were streamlined and effectively downsized to non-self-governing bodies in 1998, in 2018 all provincial governmental organs were formally abolished. Provincial cities along counties, are presently regarded as de facto principal subdivisions directed by the central government of the ROC.
History
The first administrative divisions entitled "city" were established in the 1920s when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. At this time cities were under the jurisdiction of prefectures. After the World War II, nine (9) out of eleven (11) prefectural cities established by the Japanese government were reform into provincial cities. Their roman spellings are also changed to reflect the official language shift from Japanese to Mandarin Chinese, but characters remain the same.
The reform was based on the Laws on the City Formation () of the Republic of China. This law was passed in the early 20th century. The criteria for being a provincial city included being the provincial capital as well as having a population of over 200,000, or over 100,000 if the city had particular significance in politics, economics, and culture. The division reform in 1945 had some compromises between the Japanese and the Chinese systems, some of the cities with population under the criteria were still be established as provincial cities.
After the government of the Republic of China relocated to Taipei, Taiwan in 1949, the population criterion for provincial cities was raised to 500,000 in the Guidelines on the Implementation of Local Autonomy in the Counties and Cities of Taiwan Province (), which was passed in 1981. It was later raised again to 600,000. Since the streamline of provinces in 1998, provincial cities are all directly under the central government, and are simply referred to as cities.
The People's Republic of China (PRC), which claims Taiwan as its 23rd province, has all of its provincial cities classified as county-level city.
Current cities
Currently, the Local Government Act of the Ministry of the Interior applies for the creation of a city, in which a city needs to have a population between 500,000 and 1,250,000 and occupies major political, economical and cultural roles. Note that all three existing cities are not qualified for the population test, they were built for historical reasons.
There are currently three cities, all in Taiwan Province:
Their self-governed bodies (executive and legislature) regulated by the Local Government Act are:
See also
Cities of Japan
Political divisions of Taiwan (1895–1945)
Prefecture-level city of China
Notes
Words in native languages
References |
```c++
// -*- C++ -*-
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
// Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
// version.
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
// along with this library; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
// the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
// MA 02111-1307, USA.
// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free
// software library without restriction. Specifically, if other files
// instantiate templates or use macros or inline functions from this
// file, or you compile this file and link it with other files to
// produce an executable, this file does not by itself cause the
// resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public
// reasons why the executable file might be covered by the GNU General
// Permission to use, copy, modify, sell, and distribute this software
// is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
// notice appears in all copies, and that both that copyright notice
// and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. None
// of the above authors, nor IBM Haifa Research Laboratories, make any
// representation about the suitability of this software for any
// purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied
// warranty.
/**
* @file basic_tree_policy_base.hpp
* Contains a base class for tree_like policies.
*/
#ifndef PB_DS_TREE_LIKE_POLICY_BASE_HPP
#define PB_DS_TREE_LIKE_POLICY_BASE_HPP
namespace pb_ds
{
namespace detail
{
#define PB_DS_CLASS_C_DEC \
basic_tree_policy_base< \
Const_Node_Iterator, \
Node_Iterator, \
Allocator>
template<typename Const_Node_Iterator,
typename Node_Iterator,
typename Allocator>
struct basic_tree_policy_base
{
protected:
typedef typename Node_Iterator::value_type it_type;
typedef typename std::iterator_traits< it_type>::value_type value_type;
typedef typename value_type::first_type key_type;
typedef
typename Allocator::template rebind<
typename remove_const<
key_type>::type>::other::const_reference
const_key_reference;
typedef
typename Allocator::template rebind<
typename remove_const<
value_type>::type>::other::const_reference
const_reference;
typedef
typename Allocator::template rebind<
typename remove_const<
value_type>::type>::other::reference
reference;
typedef
typename Allocator::template rebind<
typename remove_const<
value_type>::type>::other::const_pointer
const_pointer;
static inline const_key_reference
extract_key(const_reference r_val)
{
return (r_val.first);
}
virtual it_type
end() = 0;
it_type
end_iterator() const
{
return (const_cast<PB_DS_CLASS_C_DEC* >(this)->end());
}
virtual
~basic_tree_policy_base()
{ }
};
template<typename Const_Node_Iterator, typename Allocator>
struct basic_tree_policy_base<
Const_Node_Iterator,
Const_Node_Iterator,
Allocator>
{
protected:
typedef typename Const_Node_Iterator::value_type it_type;
typedef typename std::iterator_traits< it_type>::value_type value_type;
typedef value_type key_type;
typedef
typename Allocator::template rebind<
typename remove_const<
key_type>::type>::other::const_reference
const_key_reference;
typedef
typename Allocator::template rebind<
typename remove_const<
value_type>::type>::other::const_reference
const_reference;
typedef
typename Allocator::template rebind<
typename remove_const<
value_type>::type>::other::reference
reference;
typedef
typename Allocator::template rebind<
typename remove_const<
value_type>::type>::other::const_pointer
const_pointer;
static inline const_key_reference
extract_key(const_reference r_val)
{
return (r_val);
}
virtual it_type
end() const = 0;
it_type
end_iterator() const
{
return (end());
}
virtual
~basic_tree_policy_base()
{ }
};
#undef PB_DS_CLASS_C_DEC
} // namespace detail
} // namespace pb_ds
#endif // #ifndef PB_DS_TREE_LIKE_POLICY_BASE_HPP
``` |
Djehuty or (in old publications) Thuty was a High Priest of Amun from the time of Ahmose I, at the beginning of the 18th Dynasty.
Djehuty is known from a small number of funerary cones in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The cone is inscribed for "The First Prophet of Amun and Overseer of sealers, Djehuty." The funerary cones make mention of "The good God Neb-pehty-Re" (Ahmose). On some of the funerary cones Ahmose bears the throne name Heqatawy, that is not often attested for the king.
References
Theban High Priests of Amun
Priests of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
14th-century BC clergy
14th-century BC Egyptian people
Ancient Egyptian overseers of sealers
Officials of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt |
```xml
import * as debug from 'debug';
import fetch from 'node-fetch';
import * as FormData from 'form-data';
import * as fs from 'fs';
import * as dns from 'dns';
import redis from './redis';
import * as tmp from 'tmp';
export const debugBase = debug('erxes-email-verifier:base');
export const debugCrons = debug('erxes-email-verifier:crons');
export const debugError = debug('erxes-email-verifier:error');
export const debugRequest = (debugInstance, req) =>
debugInstance(`
Receiving ${req.path} request from ${req.headers.origin}
body: ${JSON.stringify(req.body || {})}
queryParams: ${JSON.stringify(req.query)}
`);
interface IRequestParams {
url?: string;
path?: string;
method?: string;
headers?: { [key: string]: string };
params?: { [key: string]: string };
body?: { [key: string]: any };
form?: { [key: string]: any };
}
/**
* Sends post request to specific url
*/
export const sendRequest = async (
{ url, method, headers, form, body, params }: IRequestParams,
errorMessage?: string,
) => {
debugBase(`
Sending request to
url: ${url}
method: ${method}
body: ${JSON.stringify(body)}
params: ${JSON.stringify(params)}
headers: ${JSON.stringify(headers)}
form: ${JSON.stringify(form)}
`);
try {
const options = {
method,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', ...(headers || {}) },
} as any;
if (method !== 'GET') {
options.body = JSON.stringify(body);
}
const response = await fetch(url, options);
if (!response.ok) {
const errorBody = await response.text();
throw new Error(
`Request failed with status ${response.status}. Response body: ${errorBody}`,
);
}
const contentType = response.headers.get('content-type');
if (contentType && contentType.includes('application/json')) {
return response.json();
} else if (contentType && contentType.includes('text/html')) {
return response.text();
} else {
return response.text();
}
} catch (e) {
if (e.code === 'ECONNREFUSED' || e.code === 'ENOTFOUND') {
throw new Error(errorMessage);
} else {
const message = e.body || e.message;
throw new Error(message);
}
}
};
export const getEnv = ({
name,
defaultValue,
}: {
name: string;
defaultValue?: string;
}): string => {
const value = process.env[name];
if (!value && typeof defaultValue !== 'undefined') {
return defaultValue;
}
return value || '';
};
export const isValidDomain = async (email) => {
const domain = email.split('@')[1];
const cachedDomainResponse = await redis.get(`verifier:${domain}`);
if (!cachedDomainResponse) {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
dns.resolveMx(domain, (err, addresses) => {
if (err) {
resolve(false);
} else {
if (addresses.length > 0) {
redis.set(`verifier:${domain}`, 'valid', 'EX', 24 * 60 * 60);
}
resolve(true);
}
});
});
}
return cachedDomainResponse === 'valid' ? true : false;
};
export const isValidEmail = (email) => {
const complexEmailRegex =
/^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)*$/;
return complexEmailRegex.test(email);
};
export const sendFile = async (
url: string,
token: string,
fileName: string,
hostname: string,
key: string,
) => {
const form = new FormData();
const fileStream = fs.createReadStream(fileName);
form.append('file', fileStream);
try {
const result: any = await fetch(url, {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
Authorization: `Bearer:${token}`,
},
body: form,
}).then((r) => r.json());
const { data, error } = result;
if (data) {
const listIds = await getArray(key);
listIds.push({ listId: data.list_id, hostname });
setArray(key, listIds);
tmp.setGracefulCleanup();
await fs.unlinkSync(fileName);
} else if (error) {
throw new Error(error.message);
}
} catch (e) {
throw e;
}
};
export const setArray = async (key, array) => {
const jsonArray = JSON.stringify(array);
await redis.set(key, jsonArray);
};
export const getArray = async (key) => {
const jsonArray = await redis.get(key);
if (!jsonArray) {
return [];
}
return JSON.parse(jsonArray);
};
``` |
The Mzansi Account is a low income transactional banking account that was developed in line with the commitments of South Africa's Financial Sector Charter. The Financial Sector Charter requires banks to make banking more accessible to the nation and, specifically, to increase banking reach to all communities.
The Mzansi Account is the result of the major South African banks working collectively to provide a standard for new bank accounts, which is affordable, readily available and suits the specific needs of the previously unbanked communities. Each bank has established its own pricing competitively.
The collaboration between the banks has allowed Mzansi account holders to make use of any of the participating banks’ ATMs at no additional cost – effectively creating a network of over ten thousand ATMs across the country and extending the banking platform to the greater community. This is augmented by point of sale functionality available at retailers.
The Mzansi Account is issued by the following South African banks:
Absa Group Limited
FNB
Nedcor
Standard Bank
Postbank
By August 2006 3.3 million Mzansi Accounts had been opened across the 5 issuing banks.
References
"Mzansi will put Full Service Banking with 15km of the Vast Majority of South Africans", Banking Association Media Release, 15 October 2004. Accessed July 2007.
"3,3m Mzansi accounts in 18 months", South Africa - The Good News, 30 August 2006. Accessed October 2007.
External links
Banking Association South Africa website
Financial Sector Charter Council website
Banking in South Africa |
For the Young at Heart was Perry Como's seventh RCA Victor 12" long-play album, released in 1960. For The Young At Heart was a concept album with all the songs having "Young" in their title. It is also the first Perry Como album produced by Hugo & Luigi.
The producers Hugo Peretti and Luigi Creatore banned strings from the studio, instead employing a nine-piece horn section, a prominent rhythm section with much guitar, and an ever-present chorus. The arrangements by O.B. Masingill, although uncredited, are quite unique, bright and uptempo with a touch of swing.
Track listing
References
External links
Perry Como Discography
Perry Como albums
1960 albums
Albums produced by Hugo & Luigi
RCA Victor albums |
The Nueces County Keach Family Library is affiliated with the Richard M. Borchard Regional Fairgrounds. The hope, according to Nueces County Commissioner Oscar Ortiz, a Robstown native and current Commissioner of Precinct 3 in Nueces County, is that the projects will spur development along U.S. Highway 77, and jobs for Robstown’s citizens. The building is located in the center of Nueces County at 1000 Terry Shamsie Boulevard in Robstown, Texas. The library is located at the entrance of the Richard M. Borchard Regional Fairgrounds. The Nueces County Keach Family Library has another library affiliated with it which is located in Bishop. The Bishop Branch library is in conjunction with the library.
The Keach Family Library was named after five generations of ForeKeach family who dedicated their lives to enhancing the community of education and service goals through their local community newspaper. The Keach Family Library is a new library that was moved from Main Road to U.S. Highway 77.
Interior design
The interior design consists of Spanish tile roofing, limestone flooring, and cavernous half-barrel ceiling. There is a café with indoor seating and an outdoor seating area patio. The building also has a children’s reading space called Pop Pop’s Place, with a glass half-moon layout so the children can encircle storytellers. A flat screen T.V. is in Pop's place for movie day in the children's area. There are pictures of the Sam Keach and his grandchildren around Pop Pop's Place. Carpet is the flooring inside the library except for the entrance and hallway. By the entrance there is the front desk to check in and check out borrowed items. There is a brass statue in the entrance with a lady and child sitting on a bench near the front entrance.
The Keach Family library has interesting features and events for all ages in the community. It consists of a child's area, computer workstations with high-speed internet access, wireless internet service for laptops, study rooms, public meeting rooms such as the Multipurpose room, an outdoor deck overlooking a wetland pond and the baseball stadium. The building is currently going under contract to find a coffee shop.
According to librarytechnology
the collection of the library consists 47055 volumes. The library circulates 13076 items per year and serves a community of 29810 residents.
Statistics
The total construction cost for the Keach Family library was estimated at $5.3 M. The size is feet and the amount allocated for equipment, including books was in excess of $250,000.
Events
The library has activities like storytime with Mr Kippy on Tuesday evenings and arts and crafts with Ms Chapa on Thursday afternoon and Saturday mornings. There are adult literacy classes that are funded by the State of Texas. There have been events at the library that include arts and crafts, and public events such as Children's day/Book day founded by Pat Mora. In 2012 the Keach Library had a big attendance for Dia Del Los Ninos
There has been an esteemed South Texas author, educator who spoke in the Nueces County Keach Family Library. On Saturday, October 17, 2009 Dr. Arnoldo De Leon gave a presentation in the Multipurpose Room. The event was co-sponsored by Texas A&M University-Kingsville and its Office of Vice President for Student Affairs, Southwest Borderlands Research Center, Department of psychology and sociology, and Department of history; and the Nueces County Keach Family Library. On February 28, 2013 Award-winning author Gary Soto gave a book talk on Sunday evening. The BookTalk event was co-sponsored by the Robstown ISD Literacy Program for Read Across America.
During holidays characters visit during Easter and Christmas time. The Easter bunny and Santa Claus have stopped by at the library for pictures. There are arts and crafts and storytelling for toddlers and a summer reading club that residents and patrons can participate.
The current Library Director is Ida Gonzalez-Garza and the Youth Service Reference Librarian is Laura Chapa.
References
External links
County library systems in Texas
Library buildings completed in 2007
Education in Nueces County, Texas
Buildings and structures in Nueces County, Texas |
A casern, also spelled cazern or caserne, is a military barracks in a garrison town. In French-speaking countries, a caserne de pompier is a fire station.
In fortification, caserns are little rooms, lodgments, or apartments, erected between the ramparts, and the houses of fortified towns, or even on the ramparts themselves; to serve as lodgings for the soldiers of the garrison, to ease the garrison, in Portugal and Brazil "Quartel" (derived for 4 faces).
There are usually two beds in each casern, for six soldiers to lie, who mount the guard alternately; the third part being always on duty.
References
Fortification (architectural elements)
Barracks |
The 1977 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 51st edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 18 teams. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.
This was Duleek's return in the Intermediate grade after relegation from the S.F.C. the previous year.
Curraha and Nobber were promoted after claiming the 1976 Meath Junior Football Championship title and runners-up spot respectively.
On 2 October 1977, Dunshaughlin claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when they defeated Nobber 0–13 to 0–6 in the final in Pairc Tailteann.
Team changes
The following teams have changed division since the 1976 championship season.
From I.F.C.
Promoted to S.F.C.
Castletown - (Intermediate Champions)
Relegated to 1977 J.A.F.C.
St. Colmcille's
To I.F.C.
Regraded from S.F.C.
Duleek
Promoted from 1976 J.A.F.C.
Curraha - (Junior 'A' Champions)
Nobber - (Junior Runners-Up)
Group stage
There are 3 groups called Group A, B and C. The top finishers in Group A and B will qualify for the semi-finals. First place in Group C along with the runners-up in all the groups qualify for the quarter-finals.
Group A
Round 1:
Kilcloon 1–7, 1–6 Donaghmore, Dunshaughlin, 3/4/1977,
Rathkenny 1–7, 1–5 Kilmainhamwood, Gibbstown, 3/4/1977,
Nobber 0–4, 0–3 Oldcastle, Ballinlough, 3/4/1977,
Duleek 3–12, 0–3 Drumbaragh, Pairc Tailteann, 3/4/1977,
Dunsany - Bye,
Round 2:
Donaghmore 2–12, 1–7 Dunsany, Skryne, 24/4/1977,
Nobber 3–10, 3–2 Rathkenny, Castletown, 24/4/1977,
Kilcloon 1–4, 0–3 Drumbaragh, Pairc Tailteann, 24/4/1977,
Oldcastle w, l Duleek, Martry, 15/5/1977,
Kilmainhamwood - Bye,
Round 3:
Nobber 1–8, 0–5 Dunsany, Kilberry, 8/5/1977,
Donaghmore 1–4, 1–3 Duleek, Seneschalstown, 8/5/1977,
Kilcloon 2–8, 2–5 Kilmainhamwood, Pairc Tailteann, 8/5/1977,
Oldcastle -vs- Drumbaragh, Kilskyre, 8/5/1977,
Rathkenny - Bye,
Round 4:
Nobber 1–13, 2–6 Drumbaragh, Kilskyre, 22/5/1977,
Kilmainhamwood 3–6, 2–3 Duleek, Martry, 12/6/1977,
Dunsany 2–5, 0–8 Oldcastle, Martry, 22/7/1977,
Rathkenny w, l Kilcloon,
Donaghmore - Bye,
Round 5:
Donaghmore 1–6, 0–8 Rathkenny, Skryne, 12/6/1977,
Kilcloon 3–11, 0–3 Oldcastle, Kildalkey, 12/6/1977,
Dunsany 2–7, 1–8 Drumbaragh, Kildalkey, 12/6/1977,
Nobber 1–6, 0–8 Kilmainhamwood, Castletown, 17/7/1977,
Duleek - Bye,
Round 6:
Donaghmore 3–13, 1–9 Oldcastle, Martry, 26/6/1977,
Duleek 2–4, 1–6 Nobber, Kilberry, 26/6/1977,
Rathkenny 2–12, 2–4 Drumbaragh, Seneschalstown, 26/7/1977,
Dunsany 0–9, 0–6 Kilmainhamwood, Kilberry, 10/7/1977,
Kilcloon - Bye,
Round 7:
Nobber 3–6, 1–10 Kilcloon, Dunshaughlin, 3/7/1977,
Donaghmore w, l Kilmainhamwood, Kilmessan, 3/7/1977,
Duleek w, l Dunsany, Seneschalstown, 3/7/1977,
Rathkenny 5–8, 4–7 Oldcastle, Martry, 10/7/1977,
Drumbaragh - Bye,
Round 8:
Donaghmore 2–13, 2–3 Drumbaragh, Pairc Tailteann, 17/7/1977,
Dunsany 1–10, 0–7 Rathkenny, Duleek, 17/7/1977,
Duleek 1–9, 2–4 Kilcloon, Pairc Tailteann, 17/7/1977,
Kilmainhamwood -vs- Oldcastle,
Nobber - Bye,
Round 9:
Donaghmore 2–7, 2–3 Nobber, Pairc Tailteann, 22/7/1977,
Duleek w, l Rathkenny, Seneschalstown, 22/7/1977,
Dunsany 1–7, 2–4 Kilcloon, Summerhill, 21/8/1977,
Kilmainhamwood -vs- Drumbaragh,
Oldcastle - Bye,
Group B
Round 1:
Navan O'Mahonys 'B' 0–9, 0–2 St. Mary's, Duleek, 3/4/1977,
Dunshaughlin 0–5, 0–5 Summerhill 'B', Kildalkey, 3/4/1977,
Martinstown/Athboy 0–12, 1–3 Slane, Kilmessan, 3/4/1977,
Ballinlough 1–10, 1–9 Curraha, Martry, 10/4/1977,
St. Vincent's - Bye,
Round 2:
Navan O'Mahonys 'B' 1–11, 1–2 Curraha, Seneschalstown, 24/4/1977,
St. Vincent's 1–6, 1–4 Slane, Duleek, 24/4/1977,
St. Mary's 1–9, 1–4 Ballinlough, Kilberry, 24/4/1977,
Martinstown/Athboy 1–5, 0–7 Dunshaughlin, Trim, 28/8/1977,
Summerhill 'B' - Bye,
Round 3:
Dunshaughlin 2–10, 0–4 Ballinlough, Kilberry, 8/5/1977,
Martinstown/Athboy 0–13, 0–5 St. Mary's, Kilmessan, 8/5/1977,
Summerhill 'B' v Slane, Pairc Tailteann, 8/5/1977,
Curraha 3–7, 1–11 St. Vincent's, Stamullen, 28/5/1977,
Navan O'Mahonys 'B' - Bye,
Round 4:
St. Vincent's w, l St. Mary's, Duleek, 15/5/1977,
Navan O'Mahonys 'B' 1–8, 0–8 Martinstown/Athboy, Kilmessan, 22/5/1977,
Ballinlough 2–11, 0–6 Summerhill 'B', Pairc Tailteann, 22/5/1977,
Dunshaughlin 1–6, 1–3 Curraha, Donaghmore, 22/5/1977,
Slane - Bye,
Round 5:
Martinstown/Athboy w, l Ballinlough, Kilskyre, 29/5/1977,
Navan O'Mahonys 'B' 3–4, 0–7 Slane, Kilbride, 12/6/1977,
Dunshaughlin 1–11, 1–3 St. Vincent's, Duleek, 12/6/1977,
Summerhill 'B' 1–10, 1–1 St. Mary's, Pairc Tailteann, 12/6/1977,
Curraha - Bye,
Round 6:
Summerhill 'B' +1, -1 Curraha, Dunshaughlin, 26/6/1977,
Slane 3–13, 2–7 Ballinlough, Kilberry, 26/6/1977,
Martinstown/Athboy 1–15, 0–1 St. Vincent's, Skryne, 26/6/1977,
Dunshaughlin 0–11, 1–3 Navan O'Mahonys 'B', Duleek, 26/6/1977,
St. Mary's - Bye,
Round 7:
Navan O'Mahonys 'B' w, l Ballinlough, Athboy, 3/7/1977,
Slane w, l St. Mary's, Kilberry, 3/7/1977,
St. Vincent's v Summerhill, Dunshaughlin, 3/7/1977,
Martinstown/Athboy w, l Curraha, Skryne, 10/7/1977,
Dunshaughlin - Bye,
Round 8:
Martinstown/Athboy 0–10, 2–4 Summerhill 'B', Skryne, 17/7/1977,
Navan O'Mahonys 'B' 2–12, 1–2 St. Vincent's, Martry, 17/7/1977,
Dunshaughlin 1–7, 0–8 Slane, Duleek, 17/7/1977,
Curraha w, l St. Mary's,
Ballinlough - Bye,
Round 9:
Curraha 2–9, 2–3 Slane, Duleek, 22/7/1977,
Navan O'Mahonys 'B' 1–12, 0–3 Summerhill 'B', Dunshaughlin, 27/7/1977,
Dunshaughlin w/o, scr St. Mary's,
Ballinlough -vs- St. Vincent's,
Martinstown/Athboy - Bye,
Quarter-final Playoffs:
Dunshaughlin 2–4, 1–6 Martinstown/Athboy, Kilberry, 11/9/1977,
Knock-out Stages
Finals
The teams in the semi-finals are the first and second placed teams from each group.
Semi-final:
Dunshaughlin 3–6, 0–10 Donaghmore, Trim, 11/9/1977,
Nobber 1–12, 0–5 Navan O'Mahonys 'B', Kilberry, 11/9/1977,
Final:
Dunshaughlin 0–13, 0–6 Nobber, Pairc Tailteann, 2/10/1977,
References
External links
Meath Intermediate Football Championship
Meath Intermediate Football Championship |
```objective-c
/*
* This file is part of the SDWebImage package.
* (c) Olivier Poitrey <rs@dailymotion.com>
*
* For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
* file that was distributed with this source code.
*/
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "SDWebImageDownloader.h"
#import "SDWebImageOperation.h"
/**
Describes a downloader operation. If one wants to use a custom downloader op, it needs to inherit from `NSOperation` and conform to this protocol
For the description about these methods, see `SDWebImageDownloaderOperation`
@note If your custom operation class does not use `NSURLSession` at all, do not implement the optional methods and session delegate methods.
*/
@protocol SDWebImageDownloaderOperation <NSURLSessionTaskDelegate, NSURLSessionDataDelegate>
@required
- (nonnull instancetype)initWithRequest:(nullable NSURLRequest *)request
inSession:(nullable NSURLSession *)session
options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options;
- (nonnull instancetype)initWithRequest:(nullable NSURLRequest *)request
inSession:(nullable NSURLSession *)session
options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options
context:(nullable SDWebImageContext *)context;
- (nullable id)addHandlersForProgress:(nullable SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
completed:(nullable SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)completedBlock;
- (BOOL)cancel:(nullable id)token;
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) NSURLRequest *request;
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) NSURLResponse *response;
@optional
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) NSURLSessionTask *dataTask;
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) NSURLSessionTaskMetrics *metrics API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));
@property (strong, nonatomic, nullable) NSURLCredential *credential;
@property (assign, nonatomic) double minimumProgressInterval;
@end
/**
The download operation class for SDWebImageDownloader.
*/
@interface SDWebImageDownloaderOperation : NSOperation <SDWebImageDownloaderOperation>
/**
* The request used by the operation's task.
*/
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) NSURLRequest *request;
/**
* The response returned by the operation's task.
*/
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) NSURLResponse *response;
/**
* The operation's task
*/
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) NSURLSessionTask *dataTask;
/**
* The collected metrics from `-URLSession:task:didFinishCollectingMetrics:`.
* This can be used to collect the network metrics like download duration, DNS lookup duration, SSL handshake dureation, etc. See Apple's documentation: path_to_url
*/
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) NSURLSessionTaskMetrics *metrics API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));
/**
* The credential used for authentication challenges in `-URLSession:task:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler:`.
*
* This will be overridden by any shared credentials that exist for the username or password of the request URL, if present.
*/
@property (strong, nonatomic, nullable) NSURLCredential *credential;
/**
* The minimum interval about progress percent during network downloading. Which means the next progress callback and current progress callback's progress percent difference should be larger or equal to this value. However, the final finish download progress callback does not get effected.
* The value should be 0.0-1.0.
* @note If you're using progressive decoding feature, this will also effect the image refresh rate.
* @note This value may enhance the performance if you don't want progress callback too frequently.
* Defaults to 0, which means each time we receive the new data from URLSession, we callback the progressBlock immediately.
*/
@property (assign, nonatomic) double minimumProgressInterval;
/**
* The options for the receiver.
*/
@property (assign, nonatomic, readonly) SDWebImageDownloaderOptions options;
/**
* The context for the receiver.
*/
@property (copy, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) SDWebImageContext *context;
/**
* Initializes a `SDWebImageDownloaderOperation` object
*
* @see SDWebImageDownloaderOperation
*
* @param request the URL request
* @param session the URL session in which this operation will run
* @param options downloader options
*
* @return the initialized instance
*/
- (nonnull instancetype)initWithRequest:(nullable NSURLRequest *)request
inSession:(nullable NSURLSession *)session
options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options;
/**
* Initializes a `SDWebImageDownloaderOperation` object
*
* @see SDWebImageDownloaderOperation
*
* @param request the URL request
* @param session the URL session in which this operation will run
* @param options downloader options
* @param context A context contains different options to perform specify changes or processes, see `SDWebImageContextOption`. This hold the extra objects which `options` enum can not hold.
*
* @return the initialized instance
*/
- (nonnull instancetype)initWithRequest:(nullable NSURLRequest *)request
inSession:(nullable NSURLSession *)session
options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options
context:(nullable SDWebImageContext *)context NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
/**
* Adds handlers for progress and completion. Returns a tokent that can be passed to -cancel: to cancel this set of
* callbacks.
*
* @param progressBlock the block executed when a new chunk of data arrives.
* @note the progress block is executed on a background queue
* @param completedBlock the block executed when the download is done.
* @note the completed block is executed on the main queue for success. If errors are found, there is a chance the block will be executed on a background queue
*
* @return the token to use to cancel this set of handlers
*/
- (nullable id)addHandlersForProgress:(nullable SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
completed:(nullable SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)completedBlock;
/**
* Cancels a set of callbacks. Once all callbacks are canceled, the operation is cancelled.
*
* @param token the token representing a set of callbacks to cancel
*
* @return YES if the operation was stopped because this was the last token to be canceled. NO otherwise.
*/
- (BOOL)cancel:(nullable id)token;
@end
``` |
The Diocese of Monmouth is a diocese of the Church in Wales. Despite the name, its cathedral is located not in Monmouth but in Newport — the Cathedral Church of St Woolos. Reasons for not choosing the title of Newport included the existence of a Catholic Bishop of Newport until 1916. This apparent anomaly arose in 1921 when the diocese was created (from the eastern part of the Diocese of Llandaff) with no location for the cathedral yet chosen. Various options were being considered, such as restoring Tintern Abbey, building from scratch on Ridgeway Hill in Newport, and (the eventual choice) upgrading St Woolos, then a parish church; in the meantime the new diocese, as it covers more or less the territory of the county of Monmouth, was named the "Diocese of Monmouth". Prior to 1921 the area had been the archdeaconry of Monmouth.
It is headed by Cherry Vann, Bishop of Monmouth. She was elected the eleventh bishop in September 2019 and enthroned in Newport Cathedral on 1 February 2020.
In its own words, the diocese "covers the south east corner of Wales, from Monmouth south to Chepstow, westwards along the 'M4 corridor' to Newport and the outskirts of Cardiff, northwards into the south eastern valleys and east into the rural areas around Usk, Raglan, Abergavenny and the Herefordshire border".
In local government terms, the territory of the diocese covers the unitary authority areas of:
Monmouthshire
Newport
Torfaen
Blaenau Gwent (part)
Caerphilly (part)
Cardiff (part)
Herefordshire (part)
Archdeaconries and deaneries
At the Diocesan Conference, October 2017, the creation of a third archdeaconry — Gwent Valleys — from the two deaneries of Bedwellty and of Pontypool, was approved.
List of archdeacons
Archdeacons of Monmouth
The archdeaconry of Monmouth was erected, from the Llandaff archdeaconry, in the Diocese of Llandaff on 6 February 1844.
26 February 1844 – 1885 (ret.): William Crawley
1885–1914 (res.): Conybeare Bruce
1914–1921 (res.): Charles Green
From its creation in 1921, the archdeaconry has been in Monmouth diocese.
1922–1926 (d.): David Griffiths
1926–1930 (res.): David Roberts
1930–1940 (res.): Alfred Monahan
1940–1954: Samuel Davies
1955–1963: Joseph Ralph Jones
1963–1973: Ernest Evans
1973–1976: Cecil Percival Willis
1976–1977 (res.): Clifford Wright
1977–1986 (res.): Barrie Evans
1986–1993 (res.): Keith Tyte
1993–2001: Peter Woodman
2001–2008: Glyndwr Hackett
2008–2013 (res.): Richard Pain
24 November 201312 March 2021: Ambrose Mason
20 June 2021present: Ian Rees
Ian Kendall Rees (born 1966) was collated Archdeacon of Monmouth on 20 June 2021. He trained for the ministry at St Michael's College, Llandaff and served his title (curacy) at Barry; he was made deacon at Petertide 2000 (24 June) and ordained priest the following Petertide (30 June 2001) — both times by Barry Morgan, Bishop of Llandaff, at Llandaff Cathedral. He served as an associate priest in Cardiff until 2005, then priest-in-charge near Bridgend, before moving to the Diocese of Swansea and Brecon in 2010. Rees served in several incumbencies there along with diocesan roles and both honorary and residentiary canonries of the cathedral before his move to Monmouth as archdeacon and Director of Ministry and Discipleship.
Archdeacons of Newport
The archdeaconry of Newport was created from the Monmouth archdeaconry in 1930.
1931–1935: the Dean of Monmouth provisionally
1935–1948 (ret.): Vaughan Rees
1948–1953 (d.): Thomas Parry Pryce
1953–1964 (ret.): Charles Lewis (afterwards archdeacon emeritus)
1964–1973: Ivor Philips
1973–1976: Ernest Evans
1976–1977: (d) Cecil Percival Willis
1977–1986 (res.): Clifford Wright
1986–1993 (ret.): Barrie Evans
1993–1997 (ret.): Keith Tyte
1997–2008: Kenneth Sharpe
2008–2012: Glyndwr Hackett
9 September 2012–present: Jonathan Williams
Newport archdeaconry was split in 2018 to create Gwent Valleys archdeaconry
Archdeacons of the Gwent Valleys
The archdeaconry was erected from Newport archdeaconry in 2018.
7 July 201824 July 2021 (d.): Sue Pinnington
19 June 2022present: Stella Bailey
Stella Bailey (born 1976) was collated Archdeacon of the Gwent Valleys on 19 June 2022. She first studied theology at Westhill College, Birmingham, then worked in factories before joining West Midlands Police. Bailey trained for the ministry at Ripon College Cuddesdon and received orders in the Church of England: she was made deacon at Petertide 2009 (5 July) — by Christopher Cocksworth, Bishop of Coventry, at Coventry Cathedral — and ordained priest the following Petertide (3 July 2010) by John Stroyan, Bishop of Warwick, at Coventry Cathedral. Her title post (curacy) was at Walsgrave on Sowe, after which she served as Vicar of St Mary Magdalen, Coventry. Her last post before becoming archdeacon was at Kenilworth, where she also became Area Dean. In Monmouth diocese, Bailey serves as both Archdeacon and Director of Mission.
List of churches
Deanery of Abergavenny
Closed churches in the area
Deanery of Monmouth
Closed churches in this area
Deanery of Netherwent
Closed churches in the area
Deanery of Heart of Monmouthshire
Closed churches in this area
Deanery of Bassaleg
Closed churches in this area
Deanery of Newport
Closed churches in this area
Deanery of Bedwellty
Closed churches in this area
Deanery of Pontypool
Closed churches in the area
Dedications
This table is drawn from the above lists.
See also
List of Church in Wales churches
References
External links
Diocese of Monmouth
History of Monmouthshire
Dioceses of the Church in Wales
Organisations based in Newport, Wales |
is the earthly remains of a castle structure in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.
It was the home castle of the Ito clan and later was controlled by the Shimazu clan. Shimazu Toyohisa was command of the castle.
Current
The castle is now only ruins, with some moats, Low stone wall and earthworks. Sadohara Castle historical museum is on site.
The castle was listed as one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles in 2017.
See also
List of Historic Sites of Japan (Miyazaki)
References
Castles in Miyazaki Prefecture
Historic Sites of Japan
Former castles in Japan
Shimazu clan |
A gastrointestinal series, also called a GI series, is a radiologic examination of the upper and/or lower gastrointestinal tract.
Upper GI series
Lower GI series |
```python
import attr
import pytest
import grafanalib.validators as validators
def create_attribute():
return attr.Attribute(
name='x',
default=None,
validator=None,
repr=True,
cmp=None,
eq=True,
order=False,
hash=True,
init=True,
inherited=False)
def test_is_in():
item = 1
choices = (1, 2, 3)
val = validators.is_in(choices)
res = val(None, create_attribute(), item)
assert res is None
def test_is_in_raises():
item = 0
choices = (1, 2, 3)
val = validators.is_in(choices)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
val(None, create_attribute(), item)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("item", (
'24h', '7d', '1M', '+24h', '-24h', '60s', '2m'))
def test_is_interval(item):
assert validators.is_interval(None, create_attribute(), item) is None
def test_is_interval_raises():
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
validators.is_interval(None, create_attribute(), '1')
@pytest.mark.parametrize("color", (
"#111111", "#ffffff"))
def test_is_color_code(color):
res = validators.is_color_code(None, create_attribute(), color)
assert res is None
@pytest.mark.parametrize("color", (
"111111", "#gggggg", "#1111111", "#11111"))
def test_is_color_code_raises(color):
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
validators.is_color_code(None, create_attribute(), color)
def test_list_of():
etype = int
check = (1, 2, 3)
val = validators.is_list_of(etype)
res = val(None, create_attribute(), check)
assert res is None
def test_list_of_raises():
etype = int
check = ("a")
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
val = validators.is_list_of(etype)
val(None, create_attribute(), check)
``` |
Western Australian Government Railway C class may refer to one of the following locomotives:
WAGR C class (1880)
WAGR C class
WAGR C class (diesel) |
The Makah (; Makah: ) are an Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast living in Washington, in the northwestern part of the continental United States. They are enrolled in the federally-recognized Makah Indian Tribe of the Makah Indian Reservation, commonly known as the Makah Tribe.
Linguistically and ethnographically, they are closely related to the Nuu-chah-nulth and Ditidaht peoples of the West Coast of Vancouver Island, who live across the Strait of Juan de Fuca in British Columbia, Canada.
Etymology and name
The Makah people refer to themselves as the , which translates to somewhere near to "the people who live by the rocks and seagulls". Other thought translations include "the people who live on the cape by the seagulls", and "people of the point", as well as several others. This has sometimes been anglicized as Kwih-dich-chuh-ahtx.
The English name, "Makah," is an exonym derived from the S'Klallam language name for the Makah, màq̓áʔa. It means "generous with food".
History
Pre-colonial
Archaeological research suggests that Makah people have inhabited the area now known as Neah Bay for more than 3,800 years. Traditionally, the Makah lived in villages consisting of large longhouses made from western red cedar. These longhouses had cedar-plank walls which could be tilted or removed to provide ventilation or light. The cedar tree was of great value to Makah, who also used its bark to make water-resistant clothing and hats. Cedar roots were used in basket making. Whole trees were carved out to make canoes to hunt seals, gray whales and humpback whales.
Makah acquired much of their food from the ocean. Their diet consisted of whale, seal, fish, and a wide variety of shellfish. They would also hunt deer, elk, and bear from the surrounding forests. Women also gathered a wide variety of nuts, berries and edible plants and roots for their foods.
Japanese castaways
In 1834, a dismasted, rudderless ship from Japan ran aground near Cape Flattery. The Makah took the three survivors of the broken ship and held them as slaves for several months before taking them to Fort Vancouver. From there, the United States transported them by ship to London and eventually China, but they never reached Japan again.
Treaty of Neah Bay
On January 31, 1855, government-selected Makah representatives signed the Treaty of Neah Bay with the U.S. federal government, ceding much of their traditional lands. The treaty required the Makah to be restricted to the Makah Reservation (at in Clallam County) and preserved the Makah people's rights to hunt whales and seals in the region. The Makah language was not used during the negotiation of the treaty, and the government used the S'Klallam-language name to refer to the tribe, rather than the Makah-language endoynm.
Ozette village
In the early 17th century, a mudslide engulfed part of a Makah village near Lake Ozette. The oral history of the Makah mentions a "great slide" which engulfed a portion of Ozette long ago. The mudslide preserved several houses and their contents in a collapsed state until the 1970s, when they were excavated by the Makah and archaeologists from Washington State University. Over 55,000 artifacts were recovered, representing many activities of the Makah, from whale and seal hunting to salmon and halibut fishing. Artifacts included toys, games, and bows and arrows.
Archaeological test pits were excavated at the Ozette site in 1966 and 1967 by Richard Daugherty. However, it was not until 1970 that it became apparent what was buried there. After a storm in February 1970, tidal erosion exposed hundreds of well-preserved wooden artifacts. The excavation of the Ozette site began shortly after. University students worked with the Makah under the direction of archaeologists using pressurized water to remove mud from six buried long houses. The excavation went on for 11 years.
It produced more than 55,000 artifacts, many of which are on display in the Makah Cultural and Research Center. Opened in 1979, the museum displays replicas of cedar long houses as well as whaling, fishing, and sealing canoes.
Culture
Much of what is known about the traditional way of life of the Makah is derived from their oral traditions. Abundant archeological evidence excavated at the Ozette village site has also provided great insight into traditional Makah life.
Historically, the structure of Makah society is a class system; people in the middle or lower classes could gain better social status by marrying into the upper levels. The community was in mostly a cognatic descent structure.
The Makah traditional family consisted of parents and children living in a particular area. Members of Makah families were ranked in society according to their relationship to the chief of the tribe. There were no stratifications in gender roles; all genders were equal, participating in the hunting of whales and other livestock. Although men were more fishermen and hunters, women's activities centered on gathering resources for the family.
Whaling
Makah oral history relates that their tradition of aboriginal whaling has been suspended and re-established several times. Most recently, the practice was suspended in the 1920s because the commercial whaling industry had depleted the stocks of humpback and gray whales; all hunting was called off.
After the gray whale was removed from the Endangered Species List, the Makah re-asserted their whaling rights. With the support and guidance of the United States government and the International Whaling Commission, the Makah successfully hunted a gray whale on May 17, 1999. According to federal law, the Makah are entitled to hunt and kill one baleen whale, typically a gray whale, each year. Archaeological records and oral history indicate a significant number of humpback whales were historically hunted as well. The Makah had gone over 70 years without catching a whale.
The Makah whaling technique is difficult and labor-intensive. The men hunt from cedar canoes, each seating six to nine people and more recently, from small fishing vessels. They take these into the Pacific Ocean adjacent to their reservation territory. Various traditional criteria are used to determine the best whale to harvest. By counting the whale's exhalations, the hunters determine when the whale is about to dive, and determine from this the best time to strike. Approaching the whale's left side, the hunter strikes when the whale is 3–4 feet deep, to avoid the force of the whale's tail. The harpoon is 16–18 feet long, composed of two pieces of yew wood spliced together. Historically, hunters used a mussel shell tip, in conjunction with barbs from elk horns.
Since the late 20th century, hunters have used a steel "yankee style" head, but they have retained the yew wood shaft because of its flexibility, water resistance, and strength. Held fast to the whale, the harpoon shaft comes loose, to be recovered later, and a line is thrown from the canoe with seal skin floats attached, to provide drag to weaken the whale. In the past, a series of smaller lances were used to repeatedly strike the whale, gradually weakening and killing it, often over a period of hours, and in some cases, days. Recently, hunters have adopted use of a big game rifle after the harpoon strike, to ensure a more efficient kill. The International Whaling Commission permits four cartridges in whaling: .458 Winchester Magnum, .460 Weatherby Magnum, .50 BMG, and the .577 Tyrannosaur, which the Makah fired in the 1999 hunt.
Once the whale has been killed, a crew member called the "diver" jumps into the water and cuts a hole through the bottom and top of the whale's jaw, to which a tow line and float are attached. This holds the whale's mouth shut and prevents the carcass from filling with water and sinking. Hunters tow the whale to shore, where it is received by members of the village.
Traditional ceremonies and songs are performed to welcome the whale's spirit. Following this, the whale is divided in a precise and traditional fashion, with certain families having ownership of particular cuts. The "saddle piece" located midway between the center of the back and the tail is the property of the harpooner. It is taken to his home where a special ceremony is performed. The meat and oil are distributed to community members, and a great deal of it is consumed during a potlatch.
The Makah assert that their right to whaling is guaranteed in the 1855 Treaty of Neah Bay, which states in part: "The right of taking fish and of whaling or sealing at usual and accustomed grounds and stations is further secured to said Indians in common with all citizens of the United States."
On September, 2007, five members of the Makah tribe shot a gray whale using a .460 caliber rifle, similar to that used in hunting elephants, despite court-imposed regulations governing the Makah hunt. The whale died within 12 hours, sinking while heading out to sea after being confiscated and cut loose by the United States Coast Guard. The tribal council denounced the killing and announced their intention to try the individuals in tribal court.
Ethnobotany
Makah women chew the roots and leaves of Viola adunca while giving birth.
Contemporary culture
In 1936, the Makah Tribe signed the Makah Constitution, accepting the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 and establishing an elected tribal government. The constitution provided for a five-member Tribal Council. Each year the council elects a Tribal Chairperson. The Council develops and passes laws for the Makah Reservation.
The Makah Tribe hosts its annual major public gathering, Makah Days, in late August. It features a grand parade and street fair as well as canoe races, traditional games, singing, dancing, feasting, and fireworks.
Many Makah tribal members derive most of their income from fishing. Makah fish for salmon, halibut, Pacific whiting, and other marine fish. This makes them particularly vulnerable to effects of global warming: ocean acidification disrupts the development of the shells of molluscs (the fishes' main food source) and warming waters the salmon run. In response, the Makah tribe is drawing on traditional knowledge to create action plans for climate resilience that center tribal socioeconomic priorities. With the Hoh, Quileute, and Quinault Indian Nation, as well as the scientific community, the Makah conduct climate research at and monitor the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary.
Language
The Makah language is the Indigenous language spoken by the Makah people. The endonymous name for the language is .
Makah linguistically belongs to the Southern Nootkan branch of the Wakashan family of languages. It is also the only Wakashan language in the United States. Other tribes speaking Wakashan are located in British Columbia, Canada, immediately across the Strait of Juan de Fuca on the west coast of Vancouver Island, and northwards as far as that province's Central Coast region.
Makah has been extinct as a first language since 2002, when its last fluent native speaker died. However, it survives as a second language. The Makah Tribe is also working to revive the language, and has established preschool classes to teach its children.
Reservation
The Makah Tribe owns the Makah Indian Reservation on the northwest tip of the Olympic Peninsula; it includes Tatoosh Island. They live in and around the town of Neah Bay, Washington, a small fishing village.
Tribal census data from 1999 show that the Makah Tribe has 1,214 enrolled members; some 1,079 live on the reservation. The unemployment rate on the reservation is approximately 51%.
Literary and cultural references
Several books have explored Makah history, usually from the arrival of white settlers onward. The historical-adventure novel When Wolf Comes (2009) by John Pappas gives a glimpse into the lives of the Makah people of 1801. Young adult book Ghost Canoe (1998) by Will Hobbs takes place on and near the reservation, while Indian Days at Neah Bay by James G. McCurdy details life in Neah Bay in the early days of mandatory schooling from the perspective of the schoolteacher's son. The children's book Written in Stone (2014) by Rosanne Parry takes place in the 1920s, featuring an orphaned Makah girl who works to preserve her people's culture. Meanwhile, Arlyn Conly's memoir Never Trust a White Man takes place in the late 1950s, describing Neah Bay High School through the eyes of a white home economics teacher. French writer Frédéric Roux's novel L'hiver indien (2007) (Indian Winter, éditions Grasset & Fasquelle) explores the struggle between tradition and modernity for the Makah in northwestern Washington. In the realm of non-fiction, Voices of a Thousand People (2002) by Patricia Pierce Erikson with Helma Ward & Kirk Wachendorf recounts the founding of The Makah Cultural and Research Center and the work to preserve their heritage.
Beyond books, the final scene of Jim Jarmusch's 1995 film Dead Man takes place in a reconstructed Makah village. Many of the actors featured in the scene are Makah tribal members; dialogue is in the Makah language. Additionally, the song "The Renegade" by Ian and Sylvia recounts conflict in the life of the son of a "Makah mother who marries a white man" though the original lyric is "klahowya", a greeting in Chinook Wawa, a widely-used trade language of the Pacific Northwest
See also
Nuu-chah-nulth people
Ditidaht people
Hoh people
Robert T. Paine (zoologist)
Notes
References
Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection
External links
Makah Tribe official website
Makah photos and other items from the Library of Congress
1937 Corporate Charter of the Makah from a University of Oklahoma website
Makah Tribe Profile at the website of the Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board
Makah Whaling Misunderstood, from a University of Oregon archaeologist's website
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – The Pacific Northwest Olympic Peninsula Community Museum A web-based museum showcasing aspects of the rich history and culture of Washington State's Olympic Peninsula communities. Features cultural exhibits, curriculum packets and a searchable archive of over 12,000 items that includes historical photographs, audio recordings, videos, maps, diaries, reports and other documents.
Makah Cultural and Research Center Online Museum Exhibit History and culture of the Makah people.
Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission
Clallam County, Washington
Native American tribes in Washington (state)
Federally recognized tribes in the United States |
State Route 284 (SR 284, OH 284) is a north–south state highway in east central Ohio, a U.S. state. State Route 284 has its southern terminus is at State Route 83 approximately northeast of McConnelsville, and just north of the western split of the concurrency State Route 83 has with State Route 78. The northern terminus of State Route 284 is at a T-intersection with State Route 146 in the unincorporated community of Chandlersville. A portion of SR 284 is part of the Morgan County Scenic Byway.
Route description
State Route 284 runs through portions of Morgan and Muskingum Counties. No portion of this state highway is included within the National Highway System.
History
The year 1930 marked the debut of State Route 284 in the Ohio state highway system. Routed at inception along the path that it currently occupies, State Route 284 has not experienced any significant changes.
Major intersections
References
External links
State Route 284 Endpoint Photos
284
Transportation in Morgan County, Ohio
Transportation in Muskingum County, Ohio
Scenic byways in Ohio |
These are the results of the women's floor competition, one of six events for female competitors in artistic gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.
Larisa Petrik's gold medal on floor was very controversial because originally, Čáslavská won outright. After the competition was concluded, Petrik's prelims scores were changed to let her tie with Čáslavská, an action which caused Čáslavská to publicly defy the Soviets who had recently invaded her home country. A similar controversy occurred in the balance beam, where Čáslavská was denied gold altogether.
Competition format
Each nation entered a team of six gymnasts or up to three individual gymnasts. All entrants in the gymnastics competitions performed both a compulsory exercise and a voluntary exercise for each apparatus. The scores for all 8 exercises were summed to give an individual all-around score.
These exercise scores were also used for qualification for the new apparatus finals. The two exercises (compulsory and voluntary) for each apparatus were summed to give an apparatus score; the top 6 in each apparatus participated in the finals; others were ranked 7th through 101st. In the final, each gymnast performed an additional voluntary exercise; half of the score from the preliminary carried over.
Results
References
Official Olympic Report
www.gymnasticsresults.com
www.gymn-forum.net
Women's floor
1968 in women's gymnastics
Women's events at the 1968 Summer Olympics |
Absentia is an American thriller drama television series that premiered on September 25, 2017, on Amazon Prime Video in the United States and AXN internationally. Directed by Oded Ruskin, the series stars Stana Katic, Matthew Le Nevez and Patrick Heusinger. The series was renewed for a second season, premiering on March 26, 2019, on AXN, and premiered in the United States on June 14, 2019. The third season premiered on July 17, 2020 exclusively on Amazon Prime Video. In May 2021, the series was cancelled after three seasons.
Premise
The series tells the story of FBI special agent Emily Byrne, who disappears without a trace while hunting one of Boston's most notorious serial killers, and she is declared dead in absentia. Six years later, she is found in a cabin in the woods, barely alive and with no memory of the years that she was missing. She returns home to learn that her husband has remarried and her son is being raised by the new wife, and she soon finds herself implicated in a new series of murders.
Cast and characters
Main
Stana Katic as Special Agent Emily Byrne, a former FBI special agent who disappeared while hunting one of Boston's most notorious serial killers and was presumed dead, but returns six years later with no memory of her abduction. While struggling to rebuild her life and unravel the mystery of her disappearance, she becomes the prime suspect in a string of shocking new murders, and becomes a fugitive. Kalina Zaharieva plays a young Emily.
Patrick Heusinger as Special Agent Nick Durand, Emily's husband and fellow FBI special agent who suffers with guilt that he stopped looking for Emily. He attempts to balance his life with Emily's return and his resurfacing feelings for her against his new marriage to Alice. After Emily goes on the run, his belief in her innocence crumbles and, after his family is endangered, relentlessly hunts her down.
Cara Theobold as Alice Durand (seasons 1–2; guest season 3), Nick's new wife and Flynn's stepmother. Alice attempts to remain graceful and kind, but her behaviour towards Emily becomes increasingly harsh in the chaos after her return, believing she is a danger to Flynn and she is losing Nick's affection.
Neil Jackson as Jack Byrne, Emily's older brother, a former surgeon who lost his job and medical license due to his alcohol addiction. In the first season he is a medical supply salesman. In the second season, after getting his medical license back, he starts working as an EMT and a paramedic working towards being reinstated as a medical doctor.
Angel Bonanni as Detective Tommy Gibbs (seasons 1–2), an ambitious and relentless Boston Police detective in charge of investigating Emily for murder, who later teams up with Nick to hunt Emily down.
Bruno Bichir as Dr. Daniel Vega (season 1), an FBI psychologist and profiler, who works with Emily to heal her psychological wounds and find her abductor.
Paul Freeman as Warren Byrne, a retired Boston Police officer and Emily's adoptive father.
Ralph Ineson as Special Agent Adam Radford (season 1), the political and career-minded special agent in charge of the FBI's Boston field office, and Nick and Emily's boss. While he cares about Emily, he later coordinates a manhunt for her after she goes on the run.
Christopher Colquhoun as Special Agent Derek Crown, an FBI special agent and colleague of Emily and Nick, who is later promoted to special agent in charge of the office after Radford's death. He is later demoted and replaced by Julianne Gunnarsen, but is re-promoted to the position near the end of the series after Gunnarsen is arrested for corruption and murder.
Patrick McAuley as Flynn Durand, Emily's son with Nick, who has almost no memory of his mother and so is estranged and uncomfortable around her, although they gradually build a relationship.
Matthew Le Nevez as Special Agent Cal Isaac (seasons 2–3), an FBI special agent and colleague of Emily and Nick, as well as a rugged former Navy SEAL, who becomes Emily's similarly haunted, loyal and empathetic counterpart.
Natasha Little as Special Agent Julianne Gunnarsen (seasons 2–3), a new member of the Boston Field Office who is regarded as the FBI's best profiler, and joins the office after a lethal terrorist attack impacts Boston. She is later promoted to replace Crown as Special Agent in Charge of the office. She is eventually arrested near the end of the series for multiple acts of corruption, including Alice's murder, after her connection to an international crime ring is uncovered.
Recurring
Lydia Leonard as Logan Brandt / Laurie Colson (season 1; guest season 2), a journalist investigating Emily.
Richard Brake as Conrad Harlow (season 1), a reclusive wealthy banker and prime suspect in the serial killer case Emily was investigating before her disappearance. While the FBI was never able to make a case against Harlow as the serial killer, he is convicted of Emily's kidnapping and murder and sent to prison. Six years later, Emily's discovery results in his release.
Hugh Quarshie as Dr. Semo Oduwale (season 2), Flynn's therapist and Alice's mentor.
Geoff Bell as Colin Dawkins (season 3), a fixer working for an international crime syndicate to retrieve incriminating files by any means necessary.
Josette Simon as Rowena Kincade (season 3), Emily's former FBI instructor.
Ross O'Hennessy as Armstrong (season 3), Cal Isaac's former unit leader in Afghanistan
Episodes
Season 1 (2017)
Season 2 (2019)
Season 3 (2020)
Production
Production was completed in Bulgaria on the ten-episode series, with every episode directed by Oded Ruskin. The entire first season was shot together, as though it were one long movie.
Release
The world premiere of Absentia was the opening selection at the 57th Monte Carlo Television Festival in June 2017. Absentia was a featured panel at Sony Pictures Television for the annual TV Market.
In Canada, Absentia was shown on Showcase in early 2018. In the United States, the series was picked up by Amazon and was released on Amazon Video on February 2, 2018. It was released on Amazon Video in the United Kingdom and Australia. The series was released in Sweden, Norway and Denmark on Viaplay December 5, 2017.
Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds an approval rating of 47% based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 5.78/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Absentia sticks too closely to the procedural handbook, leaving its capable lead and mildly intriguing mystery treading water." On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100, based on the opinions of four critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
References
External links
2010s Bulgarian television series
2010s American crime drama television series
2010s American mystery television series
2020s Bulgarian television series
2020s American crime drama television series
2020s American mystery television series
2017 American television series debuts
2020 American television series endings
English-language television shows
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
Television shows set in Boston
Television shows set in Bulgaria |
Roland Boer is an Australian theologian and scholar of Marxism. He was awarded the Deutscher Memorial Prize in 2014.
Career
Boer obtained a bachelors degree in divinity from the University of Sydney. He was a professor at University of Newcastle (Australia).
In 2018, he was described by Xinhua as one of the world's top experts on Marxism. He teaches at the Dalian University of Technology's School of Marxism.
Personal life
He runs the blog Stalin's Moustache.
Notable works
Political Myth: On the Use and Abuse of Biblical Themes
Political Myth: On the Use and Abuse of Biblical Themes was released in 2009. It examines the political narratives that emerge out of the Hebrew Bible on the political right and provides a framework to critique those narratives from the political left.
The Sacred Economy of Ancient Israel
The Sacred Economy of Ancient Israel examines the intersection of economics and religion in ancient Israel through the lens of Marxist critical theory.
The Criticism of Heaven and Earth
The Criticism of Heaven and Earth is a series of books which explores the intersection of Marxism and religion. The fifth book in the series, In the Vale of Tears: On Marxism and Theology V, was released in 2012. In 2014 it was awarded the Deutscher Memorial Prize.
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics: A Guide for Foreigners
In Socialism with Chinese Characteristics: A Guide for Foreigners, Boer describes Gordon H. Chang's The Coming Collapse of China (2001) as an example of the "China doomer" approach to historical nihilism. Other examples cited by Boer include anti-communist tropes and atrocity propaganda, as well as "Betrayal" narratives in which Deng Xiaoping is cast as a "traitor" who supposedly undid the achievements of China's revolution and brought capitalism to China may also be characterized as historical nihilism.
References
Australian academics
Australian Marxists
Academic staff of Dalian University of Technology
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a midfielder for Vegalta Sendai.
Career statistics
Club
.
Notes
Personal life
His elder brother Daichi is also a professional footballer.
References
External links
2001 births
Living people
Japanese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
J3 League players
Fukushima United FC players
J2 League players
Vegalta Sendai players |
Haven were an English indie rock band, formed in Cornwall in 1996. The band consisted of singer Gary Briggs, guitarist Nathan Wason, bassist Iwan Gronow and drummer Tom Lewis. Originally called Blew, their new name was taken from a local Haven Holidays resort.
Career
The band formed after Gary Briggs moved to Cornwall and met Nathan Wason in a record shop in Penzance. After recruiting drummer Tom Lewis and London born Iwan Gronow, the band moved to Manchester in 1999 after being discovered by the former Smiths' manager Joe Moss set them up with a regular slot at The Night and Day Café. In 2001, drummer Tom Lewis left the band and was replaced by Manchester drummer Jack Mitchell. Through Moss's Smiths connections they also played support slots for Johnny Marr's band The Healers, and others including Badly Drawn Boy. The band's first release was the Til The End EP in May 2001, with further singles following, including the top-75 UK hit "Let It Live" and their top-30 breakthrough "Say Something". They also appeared on New Music Television, presented by Marc Almond for ITV1 in 2001.
Their debut album, Between The Senses, was released in February 2002, and reached No. 26 in the UK Albums Chart. A second album was released in 2004, and the band constantly remained on tour. Their record label merged with another and the band were asked to record a third album. However, with the deadline set soon after the tour, Haven did not manage to record enough material to complete what the label wanted. They were subsequently released from their recording contract, and the band split up in 2006.
Following the split, Iwan Gronow and Jack Mitchell joined Manchester band Mutineers and went on to play as the rhythm section in Johnny Marr's live band. Gary Briggs and Nat Wason formed the short lived band The Strays. Briggs was also recruited as the lead singer for the Peter Hook/Mani project Freebass before going on to work on courses run for musicians. Wason was the guitarist in Peter Hook and The Light from 2010 to 2013 and is currently a member of A Blaze Of Feathers with singer-songwriter Ben Howard, having toured as part of his backing band for several years.
In 2012, a comprehensive biography of the band was published by Matador Books.
In 2021, it was announced that the band would reform for a one-off gig at Night & Day in Manchester on 2 July 2021. However, after the gig was forced to be postponed due to COVID-19 restrictions, they then announced 2 gigs at the same venue for December 2021. All profits will go to the Christie Hospital. They are also set to release the song All I Ever Knew, which was originally set to be released as a single before the split up.
The reformation came about as frontman Gary Briggs and drummer Jack Mitchell found themselves living near each other in Stockport, with Briggs stating the pair then "got in touch with the rest of the band and took things from there. I think like many people over the past year, we’ve found old connections reforming – you find the people that matter again when you’re forced to be so far apart. Reforming for the gigs just feels like the right thing to do and it’s been nice spending time with the guys again".
Band members
Gary Briggs - vocals, guitar
Nat Wason - guitar
Iwan Gronow - bass
Tom Lewis - drums
Rebecca 'Reb' Fitzpatrick - drums
Jack Mitchell - drums
Discography
Albums
Between the Senses (February 2002) Radiate/Virgin - No. 26 UK
All for a Reason (March 2004)
Singles
Til the End EP (May 2001)
"Beautiful Thing" (July 2001)
"Let It Live" (September 2001) No. 72 UK
"Say Something" (January 2002) No. 24 UK
"Til the End" (April 2002) No. 28 UK
"Let It Live" (June 2002)
"Tell Me" (July 2003)
"Wouldn't Change a Thing" (March 2004) No. 57 UK
References
English indie rock groups
Musical groups from Manchester
Musicians from Cornwall |
The white-browed meadowlark (Leistes superciliaris) is a passerine bird in the New World family Icteridae. It was formerly named white-browed blackbird but is not closely related to the red-winged blackbird group.
The white-browed meadowlark breeds in north-eastern Brazil and in southern South America from south-western Brazil through Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. Southern populations are partially migratory.
Like other meadowlarks, it is a bird associated with open country, including moist grasslands, pasture and cultivation, preferably with the odd bush or fence post for males to use as a songpost. In display the male flies up to 10 m in the air, then parachutes down on folded wings whilst singing an initially buzzing song, followed by a series of notes TZZZZZZ-teee-chu-chu-chak-chak. The call is a short chuck.
The white-browed meadowlark builds a deep grass-lined open cup nest on the ground amongst tall grasses, with several nests often close together. The normal clutch is three to five reddish brown-blotched greenish eggs. This species is often parasitised by the shiny cowbird, and on one occasion 19 cowbird eggs were found with one meadowlark egg in a nest.
The white-browed meadowlark is a small icterid. The male has mainly black plumage, apart from a bright red throat, belly and wing epaulets, and a white supercilium. The female has buff edged dark brown upperpart feathers, buff underparts, and pale streaks through the crown and eye. Juveniles resemble the female, but are paler.
This species is very closely related to the red-breasted meadowlark, L. militaris, which breeds further north, and was formerly considered to be subspecies of that bird. The male white-browed is easily distinguished by his bright white supercilium, but females of the two species are almost identical. The female red-breasted meadowlark is longer billed, smaller, and shorter winged than the white-browed, with more red and less streaking on the underparts.
This gregarious bird feeds mainly on insects and some seeds, including rice, and forages on the ground like a bobolink.
The white-browed meadowlark has benefited from the more open habitat created by forest clearance and ranching, and is extending its range.
References
New World Blackbirds by Jaramillo and Burke,
white-browed meadowlark
Birds of Argentina
Birds of Brazil
Birds of Bolivia
Birds of Paraguay
Birds of Uruguay
white-browed meadowlark
white-browed meadowlark |
Fritz Gygli (12 November 1896 in Villachern – 27 April 1980 in Zürich) was a Swiss chess master.
He tied for 3rd-4th at St. Gallen 1920, tied for 4-8th at Neuchâtel 1922, shared 2nd at Interlaken 1924, took 2nd at Zurich 1925, tied for 3rd-4th at Geneva 1926, tied for 5-6th at Biel 1927, tied for 4-5th at Basel 1928, took 3rd at Schaffhausen, and took 5th at Lausanne 1930.
In the 1930s, he took 4th at Berne 1932 (Quadrangular), took 15th at Berne 1932 (an event won by Alexander Alekhine), tied for 3rd-4th at Berne 1933 (Quadrangular), took 11th at Zürich 1934 (Alekhine won), and took 6th at Montreux 1939.
Gygli represented Switzerland in Chess Olympiads at The Hague 1928, Warsaw 1935, and in 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad, Munich 1936. He also played in friendly matches for Switzerland against France (1946), Yugoslavia (1949), and West Germany (1952).
He won the Swiss Championship in 1941.
References
External links
1896 births
1980 deaths
Swiss chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors
20th-century chess players |
In automobile engineering, electric vehicle conversion is the replacement of a car's combustion engine and connected components with an electric motor and batteries, to create a battery electric vehicle (BEV).
There are two main aims for converting an internal combustion engine vehicle (aka combustion vehicle) to run as a battery-electric vehicle. The first is to reduce the emissions of vehicles that are already on the road, as electric vehicles do not produce any emissions themselves.
The second is to reduce the vast amount of waste created when cars reach the end of their lifecycle – as older cars or those written off after a road traffic accident are typically scrapped. This creates a considerable amount of metal, plastic and fabric waste, and uses a large amount of energy to recycle discarded parts into useful materials.
Price is another key catalyst for the growing electric car conversion market. The cost of electric car batteries and motors has fallen in recent years, and the cost of conversion is dependent in many factors, including range and batteries used for conversion. Not all conversion companies are equal.
Elements of a conversion
Almost any vehicle can be converted to electric. Many people prefer to pick a vehicle that is light and aerodynamic in order to maximize distance traveled per battery charge. There must also be adequate room and load capacity for batteries.
If obtaining a vehicle for conversion, choose a car which has an undamaged body (unless also doing the body work).
The battery pack, which provides a source of electrical power. The most commonly available and affordable batteries are lead-acid flooded type. Next are the AGM (absorption glass mat) sealed maintenance-free batteries, a little more powerful and expensive. Then there are the more exotic batteries like Ni-MH and Li-ion; more difficult to find but light and longer-lasting, maintenance-free, and much more expensive. The new lithium batteries are showing some promise for EVs in the near future.
The charger which restores energy to the batteries (which may be mounted within the vehicle or at a special charging station at some fixed location)
The power controller, which regulates the flow of energy between the battery and the electric motor(s), controlled by an electronic throttle.
One or more electric motors and their mechanical attachment to the driveline
Power conductors connecting the battery, controller, and motor(s)
Accessory equipment to power auxiliary equipment such as power brakes and heating system
Control circuitry and equipment to allow control and interlocking of the various components
Instrumentation specific to the operation and maintenance of the conversion
Electric car conversion industry
Electric car conversion has gone from being exclusively conducted by hobbyists and enthusiasts, to a rapidly growing industry. U.S. Electricar was one of the first commercial electric car conversion companies, founded in the 1970s to sell converted versions of conventional cars in the United States using lead-acid battery storage systems. Solectria was another notable early converter, offering the Force, which was equipped with lead-acid batteries alongside premium variants with longer range using nickel metal-hydride batteries.
Spurred on by the climate crisis, electric vehicle conversions address the shortfall in new EV availability and also offer a more affordable route for many, as new electric vehicles remain more expensive than their internal combustion engine counterparts. This has also seen the EV conversion industry diverge away from only converting classic and high-end cars.
As of early 2021, it is now possible to convert a petrol, diesel or hybrid vehicle to run as a battery electric car for around £6,000 ($8,300).
The industry has worked closely with regulators across a number of countries to establish safety protocols and to ensure that annual vehicle inspection tests on electric conversions are conducted in the same way that any other electric vehicle would be.
The biggest barrier to the widespread success of the EV conversion industry is the availability of batteries and motors, as vehicle manufacturers are not eager to sell their technology for this purpose. However, an open source community has grown alongside the electric vehicle conversion industry to enable batteries and motors from different manufacturers to work in unison in order to lower costs and overcome availability issues.
To meet the growing demand for trained mechanics who can carry out electric vehicle conversion, organizations such as New Electric Ireland have developed training programmes to educate mechanics and hobbyists in how to carry out conversions.
Since 2020, French regulations have authorized the electric conversion (retrofit) of a vehicle. To be converted to electric, the combustion vehicle must be roadworthy, registered in France and more than 5 years old.
Hobbyist conversions
Hobbyists often build their own EVs by converting existing production cars to run solely on electricity. There is a cottage industry supporting the conversion and construction of BEVs by hobbyists. Universities such as the University of California, Irvine even build their own custom electric or hybrid-electric cars from scratch.
Short-range battery electric vehicles can offer the hobbyist comfort, utility, and quickness, sacrificing only range. Short-range EVs may be built using high-performance lead–acid batteries, using about half the mass needed for a range. The result is a vehicle with about a range, which, when designed with appropriate weight distribution (40/60 front to rear), does not require power steering, offers exceptional acceleration in the lower end of its operating range, and is freeway capable and legal. But their EVs are expensive due to the higher cost for these higher-performance batteries. By including a manual transmission, short-range EVs can obtain both better performance and greater efficiency than the single-speed EVs developed by major manufacturers. Unlike the converted golf carts used for neighborhood electric vehicles, short-range EVs may be operated on typical suburban throughways (where speed limits are typical) and can keep up with traffic typical on such roads and the short "slow-lane" on-and-off segments of freeways common in suburban areas.
Faced with chronic fuel shortage on the Gaza Strip, Palestinian electrical engineer Waseem Othman al-Khozendar invented in 2008 a way to convert his car to run on 32 electric batteries. According to al-Khozendar, the batteries can be charged with worth of electricity to drive from . After a seven-hour charge, the car should also be able to run up to a speed of .
In 2008, several Chinese manufacturers began marketing lithium iron phosphate () batteries directly to hobbyists and vehicle conversion shops. These batteries offered much better power-to-weight ratios allowing vehicle conversions to typically achieve per charge. Prices gradually declined to approximately per kW·h by mid-2009. As the cells feature life ratings of 3,000 cycles, compared to typical lead acid battery ratings of 300 cycles, the life expectancy of cells is around 10 years. cells require more expensive battery management and charging systems than lead acid batteries.
Solar power
On-board solar cells can be used to power an electric vehicle. The small power generated by solar cells mounted on a vehicle means that the other components in the system must be special to compensate for this.
Conversion process
The conversion process starts with the selection of a donor car, which can be powered by fuel (petrol, diesel or hybrid). The engine, fuel tank and gearbox are then removed and replaced with an electric motor, batteries and an inverter.
If the donor vehicle is a hybrid, the driveshaft can be retained also, as it has already been designed to work with electric car batteries and power delivery systems. It is common for the batteries used in electric car conversions to be recycled from new electric vehicles which have been involved in a traffic accident. In Europe, the curb weight of the donor car will need to be retained once it is converted.
Once the car has been converted, it will need to be assessed by a vehicle safety engineer before it can be used on the road.
In some countries, the user can choose to buy a converted vehicle of any model in the automaker dealerships only paying the cost of the batteries and motor, with no installation costs (it is called pre-conversion or previous conversion).
Industry
The electric vehicle conversion industry has grown to include conversion car garages, aftermarket kits and vehicle components. Some companies focus specifically on certain classic cars (i.e. VW Beetle, Rolls-Royce, Jaguar, Citroën H Van, etc.)
The work of these companies has been highlighted by publications including Autocar, Fully Charged, IrishEVs and Auto Express as prices have fallen and demand has increased for affordable conversions alongside high-end options.
Vehicle types
Electric bicycle
An electric bicycle is a conventional bicycle that has been fitted with an electric motor. Most often electric bicycles or e-bikes are powered by rechargeable batteries however some experimental electric bicycles run directly on or recharge their batteries via solar panels, fuel cells, gas generators or other alternative energy sources. Using an on-board generator may impact the legal jurisdictional definition of an electric bicycle. A few types of electric bicycles are able to re-capture a small amount of energy from braking and can re-charge the batteries while braking or traveling down hills (regenerative braking).
Some electric bikes have features where the motor can move the bicycle by itself (immediate start) if the rider chooses not to pedal with a button or throttle controller, while others require the rider to pedal at all times (pedal assist). This latter type may in some jurisdictions allow the vehicle to be used on bicycle trails that otherwise prohibit motorized vehicles of any kind (see motorized bicycle).
Many battery technologies are available for powering electric bikes. The most common and least expensive battery technology is sealed lead acid but LiFePO4 is fast becoming the battery of choice for the e-bike.
Converting one's bike to electric with a conversion kit is an easy and affordable solution for most people interested in learning more about electric vehicle conversion.
Registration of converted and newly constructed vehicles
United States
The ease of registration will vary by state. Some states require safety inspections, usually to ensure body integrity in areas subject to severe corrosion from winter road de-icing materials. In any case, for general registration all functional safety equipment should be operating – turn signals, brake lights, headlights, horn, etc. The windshield should have no running cracks (small stone chips and "stars" may be acceptable if not in the driver's principal line of vision). If the vehicle has been reconstructed from a salvage vehicle (a vehicle whose registration has been forfeited) inspection may be more severe to ensure compliance and the legitimacy of sources of salvage components by presentation of proper purchase receipts.
Registration procedures will vary by state and will usually be more difficult in states with strict emissions requirements.
On the other hand, changing the registration allows a conversion to qualify for tax incentives available in some states, such as Oregon, for either the vehicle, the charging system, or both.
California (US) conversion registration and taxation
The State of California makes provisions to inspect electric vehicle conversions. Electric vehicles are exempted from emissions control inspections. A vehicle may either a substantially new build, or a conversion of an existing vehicle.
Spain
In Spain, the conversion (called transformation) is regulated by Real Decreto 866/2010, de 2 de julio, por el que se regula la tramitación de las reformas de vehículos.
See also
Aftermarket (automotive)
CalCars
Conversion to sleeper car
Electric car
Engine swap
Green tuning
Kit car
Maker culture
Plug-in hybrid (PHEV)
Vehicle glider
References
Fossil fuel phase-out
Electric vehicles
Green vehicles
Plug-in hybrid vehicle industry |
Jung Jae-kwang (; born November 29, 1990) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in dramas It's Okay to Not Be Okay, The Fiery Priest, Witch at Court and Nevertheless. He also appeared in movies Extreme Job, Pipeline and The Witness.
Filmography
Film
Television series
Web series
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
21st-century South Korean male actors
South Korean male film actors
South Korean male models
South Korean male television actors
Chung-Ang University alumni |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="path_to_url">
<ItemGroup>
<Filter Include="objs">
<UniqueIdentifier>{677d1d1b-1df8-4374-bbde-cf2b1d75eea7}</UniqueIdentifier>
</Filter>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\managdeh.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\locale0_implib.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\pureMSILcode.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\mwcrtexe.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\mwcrtexew.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\mstartup.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\msilexit.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\mcrtexe.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\mcrtexew.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\ManagedMain.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\mqsort.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\mlfind.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\mlsearch.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\vcruntime\tlssup.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\..\mehvccctr.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\..\mehvcccvb.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\..\mehvecctr.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\..\mehveccvb.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\..\mehvecdtr.cpp">
<Filter>objs</Filter>
</ClCompile>
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
``` |
```smalltalk
/* ====================================================================
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for Additional information regarding copyright ownership.
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
==================================================================== */
/*
* MulRKRecord.java
*
* Created on November 9, 2001, 4:53 PM
*/
namespace NPOI.HSSF.Record
{
using NPOI.Util;
using System;
using System.Text;
using NPOI.HSSF.Util;
/**
* Used to store multiple RK numbers on a row. 1 MulRk = Multiple Cell values.
* HSSF just Converts this into multiple NUMBER records. Read-ONLY SUPPORT!
* REFERENCE: PG 330 Microsoft Excel 97 Developer's Kit (ISBN: 1-57231-498-2)
* @author Andrew C. Oliver (acoliver at apache dot org)
* @version 2.0-pre
*/
public class MulRKRecord : StandardRecord
{
public const short sid = 0xbd;
private int field_1_row;
private short field_2_first_col;
private RkRec[] field_3_rks;
private short field_4_last_col;
/** Creates new MulRKRecord */
public MulRKRecord()
{
}
/**
* Constructs a MulRK record and Sets its fields appropriately.
*
* @param in the RecordInputstream to Read the record from
*/
public MulRKRecord(RecordInputStream in1)
{
field_1_row = in1.ReadUShort();
field_2_first_col = in1.ReadShort();
field_3_rks = RkRec.ParseRKs(in1);
field_4_last_col = in1.ReadShort();
}
//public short Row
public int Row
{
get { return field_1_row; }
}
/**
* starting column (first cell this holds in the row)
* @return first column number
*/
public short FirstColumn
{
get { return field_2_first_col; }
}
/**
* ending column (last cell this holds in the row)
* @return first column number
*/
public short LastColumn
{
get { return field_4_last_col; }
}
/**
* Get the number of columns this Contains (last-first +1)
* @return number of columns (last - first +1)
*/
public int NumColumns
{
get { return field_4_last_col - field_2_first_col + 1; }
}
/**
* returns the xf index for column (coffset = column - field_2_first_col)
* @return the XF index for the column
*/
public short GetXFAt(int coffset)
{
return field_3_rks[coffset].xf;
}
/**
* returns the rk number for column (coffset = column - field_2_first_col)
* @return the value (decoded into a double)
*/
public double GetRKNumberAt(int coffset)
{
return RKUtil.DecodeNumber(field_3_rks[coffset].rk);
}
//private ArrayList ParseRKs(RecordInputStream in1)
//{
// ArrayList retval = new ArrayList();
// while ((in1.Remaining - 2) > 0)
// {
// RkRec rec = new RkRec();
// rec.xf = in1.ReadShort();
// rec.rk = in1.ReadInt();
// retval.Add(rec);
// }
// return retval;
//}
public override String ToString()
{
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
buffer.Append("[MULRK]\n");
buffer.Append(" .row = ").Append(HexDump.ShortToHex(Row)).Append("\n");
buffer.Append(" .firstcol= ").Append(StringUtil.ToHexString(FirstColumn)).Append("\n");
buffer.Append(" .lastcol = ").Append(StringUtil.ToHexString(LastColumn)).Append("\n");
for (int k = 0; k < NumColumns; k++)
{
buffer.Append(" xf[").Append(k).Append("] = ").Append(StringUtil.ToHexString(GetXFAt(k))).Append("\n");
buffer.Append(" rk[").Append(k).Append("] = ").Append(GetRKNumberAt(k)).Append("\n");
}
buffer.Append("[/MULRK]\n");
return buffer.ToString();
}
public override short Sid
{
get { return sid; }
}
public override void Serialize(ILittleEndianOutput out1)
{
throw new RecordFormatException("Sorry, you can't serialize MulRK in this release");
}
protected override int DataSize
{
get
{
throw new RecordFormatException("Sorry, you can't serialize MulRK in this release");
}
}
private class RkRec
{
public const int ENCODED_SIZE = 6;
public short xf;
public int rk;
private RkRec(RecordInputStream in1)
{
xf = in1.ReadShort();
rk = in1.ReadInt();
}
public static RkRec[] ParseRKs(RecordInputStream in1)
{
int nItems = (in1.Remaining - 2) / ENCODED_SIZE;
RkRec[] retval = new RkRec[nItems];
for (int i = 0; i < nItems; i++)
{
retval[i] = new RkRec(in1);
}
return retval;
}
}
}
}
``` |
Philipp Buhl (born 19 December 1989) is a German competitive sailor. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's Laser class, finishing in 14th place.
In 2021, Buhl competed at the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's Laser class, finishing in 5th place.
His best result to date came in 2020, when he placed 1st at the ILCA Laser Standard Men's World Championship.
Buhl is currently ranked 5th in the ILCA 7 men's rankings.
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
German male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for Germany
Sailors at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Laser
Sailors at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Laser |
```java
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
package org.apache.pulsar.common.stats;
import java.lang.management.GarbageCollectorMXBean;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
@SuppressWarnings({"checkstyle:JavadocType"})
public class JvmDefaultGCMetricsLogger implements JvmGCMetricsLogger {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JvmDefaultGCMetricsLogger.class);
private volatile long accumulatedFullGcCount = 0;
private volatile long currentFullGcCount = 0;
private volatile long accumulatedFullGcTime = 0;
private volatile long currentFullGcTime = 0;
private static Object /*sun.management.HotspotRuntimeMBean*/ runtime;
private static Method getTotalSafepointTimeHandle;
private static Method getSafepointCountHandle;
private Map<String, GCMetrics> gcMetricsMap = new HashMap<>();
static {
try {
runtime = Class.forName("sun.management.ManagementFactoryHelper")
.getMethod("getHotspotRuntimeMBean")
.invoke(null);
getTotalSafepointTimeHandle = runtime.getClass().getMethod("getTotalSafepointTime");
getTotalSafepointTimeHandle.setAccessible(true);
getSafepointCountHandle = runtime.getClass().getMethod("getSafepointCount");
getSafepointCountHandle.setAccessible(true);
// try to use the methods
getTotalSafepointTimeHandle.invoke(runtime);
getSafepointCountHandle.invoke(runtime);
} catch (Throwable e) {
log.warn("Failed to get Runtime bean", e);
}
}
@SneakyThrows
static long getTotalSafepointTime() {
if (getTotalSafepointTimeHandle == null) {
return -1;
}
return (long) getTotalSafepointTimeHandle.invoke(runtime);
}
@SneakyThrows
static long getSafepointCount() {
if (getTotalSafepointTimeHandle == null) {
return -1;
}
return (long) getSafepointCountHandle.invoke(runtime);
}
/**
* Metrics for the Garbage Collector.
*/
static class GCMetrics {
volatile long accumulatedGcCount = 0;
volatile long currentGcCount = 0;
volatile long accumulatedGcTime = 0;
volatile long currentGcTime = 0;
}
@Override
public void logMetrics(Metrics metrics) {
metrics.put("jvm_full_gc_pause", currentFullGcTime);
metrics.put("jvm_full_gc_count", currentFullGcCount);
gcMetricsMap.forEach((name, metric) -> {
metrics.put("jvm_" + name + "_gc_pause", metric.currentGcTime);
metrics.put("jvm_" + name + "_gc_count", metric.currentGcCount);
});
}
@SuppressWarnings("restriction")
@Override
public void refresh() {
List<GarbageCollectorMXBean> gcBeans = ManagementFactory.getGarbageCollectorMXBeans();
try {
if (gcBeans != null) {
for (GarbageCollectorMXBean gc : gcBeans) {
GCMetrics gcMetric = gcMetricsMap.computeIfAbsent(gc.getName(), gcName -> new GCMetrics());
long newGcTime = gc.getCollectionTime();
long newGcCount = gc.getCollectionCount();
gcMetric.currentGcCount = newGcCount - gcMetric.accumulatedGcCount;
gcMetric.currentGcTime = newGcTime - gcMetric.accumulatedGcTime;
gcMetric.accumulatedGcCount = newGcCount;
gcMetric.accumulatedGcTime = newGcTime;
}
}
/**
* Returns the accumulated time spent at safepoints in milliseconds. This is the accumulated elapsed time
* that the application has been stopped for safepoint operations.
* path_to_url
*/
long newSafePointTime = getTotalSafepointTime();
long newSafePointCount = getSafepointCount();
currentFullGcTime = newSafePointTime - accumulatedFullGcTime;
currentFullGcCount = newSafePointCount - accumulatedFullGcCount;
accumulatedFullGcTime = newSafePointTime;
accumulatedFullGcCount = newSafePointCount;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Failed to collect GC stats: {}", e.getMessage());
}
}
}
``` |
```smalltalk
using System;
namespace Volo.Abp.Domain.Entities.Events;
/// <summary>
/// This type of event can be used to notify just after creation of an Entity.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TEntity">Entity type</typeparam>
[Serializable]
public class EntityCreatedEventData<TEntity> : EntityChangedEventData<TEntity>
{
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="entity">The entity which is created</param>
public EntityCreatedEventData(TEntity entity)
: base(entity)
{
}
}
``` |
Hypomma is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by David B. Hirst in 1886.
Species
it contains ten species, found in China, Equatorial Guinea, Japan, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Russia, Turkey, and the United States:
Hypomma affine Schenkel, 1930 – Russia (north-eastern Siberia, Far East), Japan
Hypomma bituberculatum (Wider, 1834) (type) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China
Hypomma brevitibiale (Wunderlich, 1980) – Macedonia
Hypomma clypeatum Roewer, 1942 – Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
Hypomma coalescera (Kritscher, 1966) – New Caledonia
Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, 1833) – Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
Hypomma fulvum (Bösenberg, 1902) – Europe
Hypomma marxi (Keyserling, 1886) – USA
Hypomma nordlandicum Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 – USA (Alaska)
Hypomma subarcticum Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 – USA (Alaska)
See also
List of Linyphiidae species (A–H)
References
Araneomorphae genera
Cosmopolitan spiders
Linyphiidae
Taxa named by Friedrich Dahl |
Carbonic anhydrase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA12 gene.
Function
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. This gene product is a type I membrane protein that is highly expressed in normal tissues, such as kidney, colon and pancreas, and has been found to be overexpressed in 10% of clear cell renal carcinomas. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.
Pathology
Loss of function mutations in the CAXII gene result in defects in fluids and carbonate secretions in the following diseases:
1) Cystic fibrosis-like syndrome with normal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein levels
2) Pancreatitis
3) Sjögren's syndrome
4) Xerostomia or dry mouth syndrome
Molecular Basis of Cystic Fibrosis-like Syndrome
CAXII, with either the His121Gln or Glu143Lys mutation, localizes to basolateral membranes of polarized MDCK cells similar to the wild type enzyme, indicating no deleterious effect on subcellular location.
The Glu143Lys (E143K) loss-of-function variant of the CAXII gene is associated with a rare autosomal recessive condition named isolated hyperchlorhidrosis (carbonic anhydrase XII deficiency). Typically, this variant results in excessive sodium chloride loss, usually through sweating, and presents pathologically as episodic hyponatremic dehydration with bouts of vomiting and/or diarrhoea.
Generally, CAXII mutant enzymes show reduced activity. These observations make it difficult to explain the mechanism for the autosomal recessive disorder of hyponatremia, causing salt wasting in sweat due to mutant CAXII.
In a separate study, researchers observed that mutant enzyme activity is completely reduced at physiological concentrations of sodium chloride. Thus, loss of the function of CAXII in sweat glands and lungs is the molecular basis for cystic fibrosis patients with normal CFTR levels.
High Impact Information on CAXII
Differential modulation of the active site environment of CAXII by cationic quantum dots and polylysine helps design CAXII specific activators and inhibitors of the enzyme. CAXII specific inhibition provides a tool to interfere with cell proliferation, resulting in cell apoptosis in T-cell lymphomas.
Analytical, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Context of CAXII
Serum CAXII levels should be applicable as a sero-diagnostic marker for lung cancer.
Notes
References
External links
Further reading |
Philippe Cassard (born 12 September 1962) is a French classical pianist.
Biography
Born in Besançon, Cassard was trained at the Conservatoire de Paris where he won two first prizes, for piano (Dominique Merlet's class) and for chamber music (Geneviève Joy's class) in 1982. He then spent two years (1983–85), at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna (Hans Graf's and Erik Werba's classes). After perfecting his skills with Nikita Magaloff, he was awarded the Clara Haskil International Piano Competition, then in 1988 he won the Dublin International Competition.
He made his concert debut in Paris in 1985 with mezzo-soprano Christa Ludwig.
His international career takes him to Europe, Australia, Canada, Japan, China, South America, Russia. He plays with the major British orchestras (City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, London Philharmonic, Royal Philharmonic, English Chamber, Hallé and BBC Manchester, Ulster Orchestra) and under the direction of Neville Marriner, Alexander Gibson, Vladimir Fedoseyev, Yan Pascal Tortelier, Armin Jordan, Thierry Fischer, Charles Dutoit, Emmanuel Krivine, Rico Saccani, Alexander Anisimov, etc.
He is regularly invited to the Festival de La Roque-d'Anthéron, the Irish Great Houses, Kuhmo, Lincoln, Pharos Trust, West Cork, Besançon International Music Festival, La Folle Journée.
He practices chamber music with Natalie Dessay, Karine Deshayes, Angelika Kirchschlager, Stéphanie d'Oustrac, Wolfgang Holzmair, Donna Brown, Isabelle Faust, David Grimal, Anne Gastinel, Diemut Poppen, Matt Haimovitz, Christophe Desjardins, the Moraguès wind quintet, the Ysaÿe, Takács, Ébène, Modigliani, Voce, Chilingirian, Vanbrugh String Quartets etc., actors Philippe Torreton, Françoise Fabian, Judith Magre, Micheline Dax, Roland Bertin, the Solistes de Lyon/Bernard Tétu...
Cassard's name is closely linked to Debussy, a complete recording of which he made in 1994 and that he played in one day and four concerts in Besançon, Paris, Marseille, Angoulème, London, Dublin, Sydney, Tokyo, Lisbon, Vancouver and Singapore. He has recorded several discs dedicated to Schubert. His recording of Brahms' Klavierstücke Op 116 to 119 was released in 2010.
In 2012, several projects related to Debussy were born: complete solo piano projects played in one day (Orchestre Philharmonique de Liège, Lille Piano(s) Festival, Toulouse d'Été, Paris Salle Gaveau); a collaboration with soprano Natalie Dessay in a program that included youth melodies, 4 of which had never been performed before, as well as La Damoiselle élue cantata. Recitals accompany the release of this CD at the Wigmore Hall of London, the salle Pleyel in Paris, the Victoria Hall of Geneva, the , the Corum of Montpellier and finally a CD of works for 4 hands and 2 pianos (Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune, Petite suite, En blanc et noir, Lindaraja, Première Suite pour orchestre, previously unreleased on disc) with pianist François Chaplin.
In 2013, he was invited at La Folle Journée of Nantes, Bilbao and Tokyo/Kanazawa.
He became an adviser to the "classical" music programme at the Festival (Charente-Maritime), and hired Natalie Dessay, Baptiste Trotignon, Dominique Merlet, Anne Queffélec, Michel Dalberto, Yevgeny Sudbin, Geoffroy Couteau, Roger Muraro, , Cédric Pescia, etc.
During the year 2014, Philippe Cassard and Natalie Dessay performed in prestigious venues and festivals: Jordan Hall (Boston), Carnegie Hall (New York), Suntory Hall (Tokyo), Salle Gaveau (Paris), the , as well as in Seoul, Montreal, Quebec City and San Francisco. They recorded a second CD combining melodies by Duparc, Fauré, Chausson and Poulenc.
For "La Dolce Volta" label, Philippe Cassard returned to Schubert, with sonata D959 and works for piano for 4 hands (Fantaisie D940, Lebensstürme D947, Rondo D951) with the Swiss pianist Cédric Pescia.
Cassard was artistic director of the Festival des Nuits Romantiques (1999–2008). He invited artists such as Martha Argerich, Radu Lupu, Aldo Ciccolini, Jordi Savall, the Alban Berg Quartett, Felicity Lott, Augustin Dumay, Leif Ove Andsnes, Nelson Freire, Paul Meyer, André Dussollier, the BBC Philharmonic, the Orchestre national de France etc.
A regular producer at France Musique since 2005 with more than 400 broadcasts of Notes du traducteur, a program that was crowned by the SCAM prize for "best sound work" in 2007, all radios combined. A boxed set of 6 CDs containing some of the programmes he devoted to Schubert was released at the end of 2011 (France Musique/Harmonia Mundi) and won the Grand Prix of the Académie Charles-Cros. In 2015, another 6-CD box set was issued, this time dedicated to Debussy.
Since September 2014, he has been collaborating on the broadcast Classic avec Dessay on France Inter, providing the musical programming.
He has been giving masterclasses since 2008 at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester (Visiting Tutor), and at the Tibor Varga Academy in Sion (Switzerland) during the summer. He was a jury member at international competitions in Geneva, Epinal, Dublin, Melbourne.
Philippe Cassard is the author of an essay dedicated to Schubert (Actes Sud - Classica, 2008) and an interview book with Jean Narboni and Marc Chevrie Deux temps trois mouvements (Capricci, 2012) devoted to music and cinema.
Distinction
Chevalier of the National Order of Merit (1999)
Selected discography
Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No 9 in D minor, Op. 125, transcribed in 1851 for two pianos by Franz Liszt and catalogued as S. 657, with Cédric Pescia (La Dolce Volta, 2020)
Schubert's Sonata in A major, D. 959 + Fantasia in F minor for piano four-hands, D 940, Lebensstürme D947, Rondo D951 with Cédric Pescia (La Dolce Volta, 2014)
Debussy's Mélodies, with Natalie Dessay, soprano (Virgin's Classics, 2012)
Debussy's Works for piano for 4 hands and 2 pianos, with François Chaplin (Decca, 2012)
Johannes Brahms's Klavierstücke Op. 116-119 (2010)
Franz Schubert's 4 Impromptus D899, 4 Impromptus D935, 2 Lieder transcribed by Liszt (2008)
Robert Schumann's Fantasiestücke Op. 12, Kinderszenen Op. 15, Humoresk Op. 20 (2004)
Jean Françaix's Concertino, with the Ulster Orchestra, direction Thierry Fischer (2004)
Franz Schubert's Sonata in B-flat major, D. 960, Piano Sonata in A major, D 664 (2002)
Victor Hugo, poèmes en musique, with Marie Devellereau, soprano (melodies by Bizet, Fauré, Saint-Saens, Lalo, Hahn, Liszt, Britten, Donizetti)
Sur le bout des doigts: works by Scarlatti, Bach, Schubert (Impromptu op.142/1), Chopin (Prélude, Étude), Schumann (Arabesque, first movement of the Trio in G minor), Debussy (Toccata, Jardins sous la pluie), Smetana (Final of the Trio in G minor) with the participation of David Grimal (violin) and Henri Demarquette (cello)
Debussy's Préludes (books 1 and 2), Images (books 1 and 2), Estampes, Images Oubliées, L'Isle Joyeuse
Portes Ouvertes: music of the 20th century with Matt Haimovitz, cello; Debussy, Sonata - Benjamin Britten's Sonata Op. 65 - Anton Webern's 3 little pieces Op. 11.
Publications
Franz Schubert, Actes Sud, 2008,
Deux temps trois mouvements. Un pianiste au cinéma, interview with Marc Chevrie and Jean Narboni, Capricci, 2012
References
External links
Philippe Cassard (France Musique)
Philippe Cassard (France Culture)
Philippe Cassard, piano (Festival Nohant)
Pjhilippe Cassard (Pianobleu)
Debussy : Clair de lune par Philippe Cassard (YouTube)
20th-century French male classical pianists
French radio producers
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite
1962 births
Musicians from Besançon
Living people
21st-century French male classical pianists |
```yaml
### YamlMime:Hub
title: Azure governance documentation
summary: Get the most advanced set of governance capabilities of any major cloud provider.
brand: azure
metadata:
title: Azure governance documentation
description: Get the most advanced set of governance capabilities of any major cloud provider.
ms.service: governance
ms.topic: hub-page
author: davidsmatlak
ms.author: davidsmatlak
ms.date: 06/07/2024
highlightedContent:
items:
- title: Governance overview
itemType: overview
url: ./management-groups/azure-management.md
- title: Governance YouTube channel
itemType: video
url: path_to_url
- title: Governance in the Cloud Adoption Framework
itemType: architecture
url: /azure/architecture/cloud-adoption/governance
- title: Build a cloud governance strategy on Azure
itemType: learn
url: /training/modules/build-cloud-governance-strategy-azure/
productDirectory:
title: Components and Services
items:
- title: Azure Management Groups
imageSrc: ./media/management-groups.svg
links:
- url: ./management-groups/overview.md
text: Overview
- url: ./management-groups/how-to/protect-resource-hierarchy.md
text: Protect your resource hierarchy
- url: ./management-groups/index.yml
text: See more >
- title: Azure Policy
imageSrc: ./media/azure-policy.svg
links:
- url: ./policy/overview.md
text: Overview
- url: ./policy/policy-glossary.md
text: Azure Policy glossary
- url: ./policy/concepts/definition-structure-basics.md
text: Policy definition structure
- url: ./policy/concepts/effect-basics.md
text: Azure Policy effect
- url: ./policy/index.yml
text: See more >
- title: Azure Blueprints
imageSrc: ./media/azure-blueprints.svg
links:
- url: ./blueprints/overview.md
text: Overview
- url: ./blueprints/tutorials/protect-new-resources.md
text: Protect resources
- url: ./blueprints/index.yml
text: See more >
- title: Azure Resource Graph
imageSrc: ./media/azure-resource-graph.svg
links:
- url: ./resource-graph/overview.md
text: Overview
- url: ./resource-graph/concepts/explore-resources.md
text: Explore your Azure resources
- url: ./resource-graph/how-to/get-resource-changes.md
text: Track changes
- url: ./resource-graph/index.yml
text: See more >
- title: Cost Management
imageSrc: ./media/cost-management.svg
links:
- url: ../cost-management-billing/cost-management-billing-overview.md
text: Overview
- url: ../cost-management-billing/costs/aws-integration-manage.md
text: Manage AWS cost and usage
- url: ../cost-management-billing/index.yml
text: See more >
tools:
title: Samples
summary: Policy definitions, compliance blueprints, resource queries and more
items:
- title: Azure Policy
imageSrc: ./media/azure-policy.svg
url: ./policy/samples/index.md
- title: Azure Blueprints
imageSrc: ./media/azure-blueprints.svg
url: ./blueprints/samples/index.md
- title: Azure Resource Graph
imageSrc: ./media/azure-resource-graph.svg
url: ./resource-graph/samples/starter.md
additionalContent:
sections:
- title: Developer Resources
items:
- title: Management Groups
links:
- text: Azure CLI
url: /cli/azure/account/management-group
- text: Azure PowerShell
url: /powershell/module/az.resources/#resources
- text: Azure SDK for .NET
url: /dotnet/api/overview/azure/management-groups
- text: Azure SDK for Go
url: path_to_url
- text: Azure SDK for JavaScript
url: /javascript/api/@azure/arm-managementgroups/managementgroups
- text: Azure SDK for Python
url: /python/api/azure-mgmt-managementgroups/azure.mgmt.managementgroups
- text: REST
url: /rest/api/managementgroups
- text: Resource Manager templates
url: /azure/templates/microsoft.management/managementgroups
- title: Azure Policy
links:
- text: Azure CLI
url: /cli/azure/policy
- text: Azure PowerShell
url: /powershell/module/az.resources/#policy
note: (Policy)
- text: Azure PowerShell
url: /powershell/module/az.policyinsights#policy-insights
note: (Policy Insights)
- text: Azure PowerShell
url: path_to_url
note: (Guest Configuration)
- text: REST
url: /rest/api/policy/
note: (Policy)
- text: REST
url: /rest/api/guestconfiguration/
note: (Guest Configuration)
- text: Resource Manager templates
url: /azure/templates/microsoft.authorization/allversions
- title: Azure Policy (more)
links:
- text: Azure SDK for .NET
url: /dotnet/api/microsoft.azure.management.resourcemanager.models.policyassignment
note: (Assignments)
- text: Azure SDK for .NET
url: /dotnet/api/microsoft.azure.management.resourcemanager.models.policydefinition
note: (Policy Definitions)
- text: Azure SDK for JavaScript
url: /javascript/api/@azure/arm-policy
note: (Policy)
- text: Azure SDK for JavaScript
url: /javascript/api/@azure/arm-policyinsights
note: (Policy Insights)
- text: Azure SDK for Python
url: /python/api/azure-mgmt-policyinsights/azure.mgmt.policyinsights
- title: Azure Blueprints
links:
- text: Blueprint functions
url: ./blueprints/reference/blueprint-functions.md
- text: Azure CLI
url: /cli/azure/blueprint
- text: Azure PowerShell
url: /powershell/module/az.blueprint/#blueprint
- text: Azure PowerShell
url: path_to_url
note: (PowerShell Gallery Module)
- text: Azure SDK for .NET
url: /dotnet/api/overview/azure/blueprint
- text: REST
url: /rest/api/blueprints/
- title: Azure Resource Graph
links:
- text: Azure CLI
url: /cli/azure/graph
- text: Azure PowerShell
url: /powershell/module/az.resourcegraph/#resourcegraph
- text: Azure SDK for .NET
url: /dotnet/api/azure.resourcemanager.resourcegraph
- text: Azure SDK for .NET
url: path_to_url
note: (NuGet)
- text: Azure SDK for Go
url: path_to_url
- text: Azure SDK for Java
url: /java/api/com.azure.resourcemanager.resourcegraph
- text: Azure SDK for Java
url: path_to_url
note: (Maven)
- text: Azure SDK for JavaScript
url: /javascript/api/@azure/arm-resourcegraph
- text: Azure SDK for Python
url: /python/api/azure-mgmt-resourcegraph/azure.mgmt.resourcegraph
- text: Azure SDK for Ruby
url: path_to_url
note: (Gem)
- text: REST
url: /rest/api/azure-resourcegraph/
- text: Resource Manager templates
url: /azure/templates/microsoft.resourcegraph/allversions
- title: Cost Management
links:
- text: REST
url: /rest/api/cost-management
note: (Cost Management)
- text: REST
url: /rest/api/consumption
note: (Consumption)
- text: Resource Manager templates
url: /azure/templates/microsoft.consumption/budgets
footer: "[UserVoice](path_to_url | [Microsoft Tech Community - Azure Governance](path_to_url | [Azure Support](path_to_url"
``` |
Today is a lifestyle show featuring several topical segments including health, cooking, men's & women's fashion, makeovers, DIY and travel as well as dealing with popular issues of the day. It is presented by Dáithí Ó Sé alongside Sinead Kennedy (currently on maternity leave), Emer O'Neill (Monday-Tuesday) and Maura Derrane (Wednesday-Friday).
The series returned for its tenth season on 27 September 2021.
Format
Live cookery demonstrations from some of Ireland's top television chefs now forms a daily part of the show with other segments featuring less frequently. Regular experts in each subject appear to discuss the topic at hand. Airing on the RTÉ One television channel in Ireland, "Today" debuted in November 2012, and replaced previous RTÉ day-time lifestyle shows such as The Daily Show and Four Live.
Today was initially hosted each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday by RTÉ presenters Maura Derrane and Dáithí Ó Sé being broadcast from RTÉ Studios in Cork. After the end of the first season RTÉ announced that Bláthnaid Ní Chofaigh and Norah Casey's section of the show was being axed. "Today" returned for a second season in September 2013 & is now hosted solely by Maura Derrane and Dáithí Ó Sé from Monday – Friday from RTÉ Cork Studios. In September 2020, it was announced that Sinead Kennedy had joined the show to co-host with Daithi on Monday and Tuesdays in order for Maura to spend more time with her family
Reception
Bernice Harrison, reviewer in The Irish Times, wondered in advance if it "might be a livelier alternative" to the "afternoon schedules [that] are clogged with antiques and property programmes". The eighth season of the show was extended by two weeks due to a rise in viewers as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
External links
Today at RTÉ Television
2014 Irish television series debuts
RTÉ original programming |
Cod Steaks, Ltd. is a Bristol-based model making company most notable for building sets and props for Aardman Animations productions, including all Wallace & Gromit feature films.
History
Cod Steaks, Ltd. was founded in 1980 by Susannah Lipscombe and started out as a small model making company in the centre of the city of Bristol, UK. Over the following decades it evolved, moving further into the film industry, building full sets, props, costumes and miniatures for feature films, commercials and music videos.
The company moved to a larger location in 2004, allowing it to take on larger projects and incorporating new technology to produce sets and exhibitions faster and more efficiently.
On 10 October 2005, a fire in one of the Aardman Animations storage warehouses destroyed many of the sets and props built for Aardman by Cod Steaks.
Armouron
Cod Steaks expanded into the toy design industry in 2010 with the development of Armouron, a role-play toy with interchangeable armour elements. The concept won an award at the 2010 Toy Fair and is being marketed by Bandai.
References
External links
Homepage
Cod Steaks Ltd. on IMDb
Scenic design
Aardman Animations |
```xml
/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires */
/* eslint-disable max-statements, complexity */
const AnsiConvert = require("ansi-to-html");
const convert = new AnsiConvert();
const BunyanLevelLookup = {
60: "error",
50: "error",
40: "warn",
30: "info",
20: "debug",
10: "silly"
};
const tagLevelMap = {
"warn:": "warn",
"error:": "error",
fail: "error",
rejection: "error",
unhandled: "error",
exception: "error",
"debugger listening on": "silly"
};
/**
* @param str
* @param last
*/
export function parse(str: string, last: any) {
let jsonData;
let show;
try {
if (str[0] === "{" || str[0] === "[") {
jsonData = JSON.parse(str);
}
} catch {
//
}
let message;
let level;
if (jsonData) {
level = BunyanLevelLookup[jsonData.level];
message = str;
if (level === "warn" || level === "error") {
show = 2;
}
}
if (!level) {
const match = str.match(
/warn\:|error\:|fail|rejection|unhandled|exception|debugger listening on/i
);
if (match) {
const tag = match[0].toLowerCase();
if (!level) {
level = tagLevelMap[tag];
}
show = tag === "debugger listening on" ? 1 : 2;
}
}
const entry: any = {
level: level || "info",
ts: Date.now(),
message: message || str,
json: jsonData,
show
};
if (last && entry.ts === last.ts) {
entry.tx = (last.tx || 0) + 1;
}
return entry;
}
/**
* @param event
*/
export function getLogEventAsHtml(event) {
return `${convert.toHtml(event.message)}`;
}
``` |
The Denver Guardian was a fake news website, known for a popular untrue story about Hillary Clinton posted on the site on November 5, 2016, three days before the 2016 U.S. presidential election, which Clinton lost. The story, entitled "FBI Agent Suspected In Hillary Email Leaks Found Dead In Apparent Murder-Suicide", alleged that an FBI agent investigating Clinton had been found dead in a Maryland house fire. The story was shared on Facebook (a news source for "44 percent of U.S. adults") more than half a million times and earned more than 15.5 million impressions. According to a Denver Post newspaper story on the Denver Guardian and the Clinton article,
While "The Guardian" claimed to be Denver's "oldest" news source, the site's domain was first registered only a few months before in July 2016;
The story on Clinton appeared to be the only article on the website (it was "the only story showing up under the "News" section and all other sections are turning up errors");
While the story quoted a "Walkerville Police Chief Pat Frederick", Walkersville, Maryland, does not have a police department; but has Five Resident State Police officers And the address the site listed for "The Guardian" newsroom was actually a parking lot.
The site was registered anonymously and built using WordPress, but an investigator employed by National Public Radio found the site was operated by Jestin Coler, the founder, and CEO of Disinfomedia and owner of several other fake news sites. As of March 27, 2017, the site still existed but had no news or any other content. As of January 28, 2018, the site does not exist anymore. When typing the address into a browser, it redirects to "jestincoler.com", a website owned by Coler himself, containing information about himself, his work, his 'achievements', and how to contact him. He openly admits to doing morally questionable, but legal things, such as writing and publishing fake news articles for payment. Jestin Coler, as of April 2022, is running for the Indiana House of Representatives.
See also
Baltimore Gazette – a defunct newspaper, the name of which has been reused by a fake news website.
References
Fake news websites
Internet properties established in 2016 |
A climbing rope is a rope that is used in climbing. It is a critical part of an extensive chain of protective equipment (which also includes climbing harnesses, anchors, belay devices, and carabiners) used by climbers to help prevent potentially fatal fall-related accidents.
Climbing ropes must meet very strict requirements so that they do not break in the event of an accidental fall. However, they also need to be light, flexible for knotting, and resistant to chafing over sharp and rough rocks; all that in all possible weather conditions. Although ropes made of natural fibres such as hemp and flax were used in the early days of alpinism, modern climbing uses kernmantle ropes made of a core of nylon or other synthetic material and intertwined in a special way, surrounded by a separate sheath woven over it. The main strength of the rope is in the core, and the sheath of the rope represents only a small fraction of the overall strength of the rope.
Climbing ropes can be classified into three categories according to their elasticity: static, semi-static, and dynamic ropes.
Static rope
Static ropes are ropes that are specifically designed for little or no stretch. As a result, they are unable to absorb large shocks. They should therefore not be used to protect a climber against a fall. On the other hand, they are particularly strong and can withstand a large load under static load. They find their application in fixed ropes, zip lines and shuttles.
Semi-static rope
Semi-static ropes have limited stretch. They can absorb small shocks and are also statically loaded yet very strong. However, these ropes may not be used to protect climbers from falling. They are used as fixed ropes, for rescue operations, and in caving.
Dynamic rope
Dynamic ropes are used in sport climbing. They are sufficiently stretchable to safely absorb a fall. However, they are relatively weak in static loads and therefore should not be used for zip lines and amusement rides.
A falling climber quickly develops enormous kinetic energy. This energy is released as soon as the climber stops falling. Some of this energy goes to the belay chain, the rest is split between the belayer and the climber. The rigid parts of the belay chain are strong, but only absorb a limited amount of energy. The human body can also only handle a limited amount of force on the body (the so-called catch or impact value) without incurring a back injury. Dynamic ropes therefore are designed to stretch by a limited amount to catch falls. By stretching, a large part of the energy generated is captured so that the final capture impulse for a single rope is less than 12 kN, under testing conditions as defined in the CE standards. UIAA rules mandate that stretching be less than 40%.
Dynamic ropes can be single ropes, half ropes, and twin ropes, each with different specifications.
Dry rope
Dry ropes are ropes that have been treated to repel water. To achieve a UIAA Water Repellent grade, a rope must not absorb more than 5% of the rope's weight. This is in contrast to non-treated ropes which can absorb up to 50% of rope's weight in water.
The dry treatment prevents dirt and other particulates from getting into the rope, extending the rope life. However, the dry treatment will wear off with extended use. Dry ropes are more expensive than non-treated ropes, so they are typically saved for ice climbing or wet weather.
Maintenance
Ropes must be inspected regularly, and retired from use if significantly damaged or worn.
References
External links
Summary of EN 892, at edelrid.de
Summary of EN 1891, at edelrid.de
The Crucial Role of Safety & Rescue Ropes in Building Rescue, at xmonstersafety.com
Climbing equipment
Mountaineering equipment |
```java
/*
* one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed
* with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*/
package io.camunda.operate.webapp.rest.dto.operation;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import io.camunda.operate.webapp.rest.dto.listview.SortValuesWrapper;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import java.util.Arrays;
/** The request to get the list of batch operations, created by current user. */
public class BatchOperationRequestDto {
/** Search for the batch operations that goes exactly before the given sort values. */
private SortValuesWrapper[] searchBefore;
/** Search for the batch operations that goes exactly after the given sort values. */
private SortValuesWrapper[] searchAfter;
/** Page size. */
private Integer pageSize;
public BatchOperationRequestDto() {}
public BatchOperationRequestDto(
Integer pageSize, SortValuesWrapper[] searchAfter, SortValuesWrapper[] searchBefore) {
this.pageSize = pageSize;
this.searchAfter = searchAfter;
this.searchBefore = searchBefore;
}
@Schema(
description =
"Array of two strings: copy/paste of sortValues field from one of the operations.",
example = "[\"9223372036854775807\", \"1583836503404\"]")
public SortValuesWrapper[] getSearchBefore() {
return searchBefore;
}
public BatchOperationRequestDto setSearchBefore(SortValuesWrapper[] searchBefore) {
this.searchBefore = searchBefore;
return this;
}
public Object[] getSearchBefore(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
return SortValuesWrapper.convertSortValues(searchBefore, objectMapper);
}
@Schema(
description =
"Array of two strings: copy/paste of sortValues field from one of the operations.",
example = "[\"1583836151645\", \"1583836128180\"]")
public SortValuesWrapper[] getSearchAfter() {
return searchAfter;
}
public BatchOperationRequestDto setSearchAfter(SortValuesWrapper[] searchAfter) {
this.searchAfter = searchAfter;
return this;
}
public Object[] getSearchAfter(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
return SortValuesWrapper.convertSortValues(searchAfter, objectMapper);
}
public Integer getPageSize() {
return pageSize;
}
public BatchOperationRequestDto setPageSize(Integer pageSize) {
this.pageSize = pageSize;
return this;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = Arrays.hashCode(searchBefore);
result = 31 * result + Arrays.hashCode(searchAfter);
result = 31 * result + (pageSize != null ? pageSize.hashCode() : 0);
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) {
return true;
}
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
return false;
}
final BatchOperationRequestDto that = (BatchOperationRequestDto) o;
// Probably incorrect - comparing Object[] arrays with Arrays.equals
if (!Arrays.equals(searchBefore, that.searchBefore)) {
return false;
}
// Probably incorrect - comparing Object[] arrays with Arrays.equals
if (!Arrays.equals(searchAfter, that.searchAfter)) {
return false;
}
return pageSize != null ? pageSize.equals(that.pageSize) : that.pageSize == null;
}
}
``` |
Fflecsi (stylised fflecsi; ) is a trial demand-responsive bus service administered by Transport for Wales (TfW) and local authorities, operated by local bus operators across Wales. Pilot trials of the service are conducted across Wales, which included a city-wide trial in Newport until September 2022. The effectiveness of the service is being monitored as full bus services resume in Wales during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pilots, fflecsi will replace some pre-existing scheduled bus routes in the service areas where it operates. The technology behind the service is made by ViaVan, and the pilot is funded by the Welsh Government, to invest in new approaches to public transport in Wales as part of their Llwybr Newydd strategy. The pilot was included in Welsh Labour's manifesto for the 2021 Senedd election, as part of their plan to increase investment in bus services, and reducing Wales' carbon emissions.
Passengers book and pay for journeys via an app (or telephone call), which then matches passengers travelling between similar points, calculating an ad hoc route to the destinations required within the route's service area. Most routes have a fixed start and end destination. The on-demand bus service scheme is charged with normal bus fares, with provisions for seasonal and pre-purchased tickets, MyTravelpass, and 60+ or disabled concessionary travel card. Payments are taken using either a contactless card or Smartcard, although some services may accept cash payments.
By the beginning of September 2020, fflecsi had recorded over 7,000 journeys on its service since its launch in mid-May 2020, according to the Welsh Government. In September 2020, up to 48% of all journeys were from the Newport service as being the only one at the time primarily operating in a city centre. The Newport pilot service ended on 25 September 2022. Services in rural areas were shown to increase passenger demand when compared to the previous fixed bus operations. From May 2020 to May 2021, it had recorded 50,000 trips on its then seven pilot services across Wales, with four being single bus routes.
History
Pilot scheme
Fflecsi was first introduced in Newport on 18 May 2020 in co-operation with Newport Transport (Newport Bus). The following day, a briefing was hosted to introduce the concept to Pembrokeshire, another area where fflecsi aims to operate.
On 25 June 2020, it was announced that NAT Group (New Adventure Travel), in partnership with Cardiff Council and TfW, would launch a DRT service for the fflecsi G1 route, replacing the pre-existing G1 NAT Group route, between Gabalfa and Gwaelod-y-Garth via Whitchurch. The service commenced on 29 June, and operated as a trial for three months.
On 20 July 2020, fflecsi started operating in Rhondda Cynon Taf, taking over the 152 route in partnership with Stagecoach (previous sole-operator of the 152 route) and the local council. The route is from Tonypandy and Hendreforgan, stopping in destinations in the communities of Penygraig, Williamstown, Penrhiwfer, Tonyrefail and Thomastown.
On 3 August 2020, the trial service started operating in north Wales. Fflecsi was rolled out in Denbigh and Prestatyn, in co-operation with Denbighshire County Council and local bus operators.
In late August 2020, Newport Bus announced that the 26/26A route to St Julians would be discontinued on 1 September, however, they later reversed the decision and announced that area 1 services will continue. Although reports of stranded passengers followed as confusion over the reinstatement still lingered, with drivers saying their services didn't serve the areas some passengers booked for, whilst the app allowed such bookings.
On 5 October 2020, fflecsi started operating in Pembrokeshire by Pembrokeshire Voluntary Transport.
On 9 November 2020, fflecsi started operating in the Conwy Valley by Alpine Travel.
In the same month, the final recommendations of the Burns report, chaired by Lord Burns, on behalf of the South East Wales Transport Commission, stated that may be able to augment these [regular] services, especially where time of day or low density of population makes regular services unsustainable". However, the report recommends that fflecsi be treated as a complement to the existing scheduled bus network rather than a replacement.
On 30 December 2020 the Deputy Minister for Economy and Transport, Lee Waters, announced that the transfer of £800,000 of Welsh Government funding in the 2020–21 and 2021–22 financial years to Newport Transport had been agreed, in order to extend fflecsi across the City of Newport for the next nine months. On 24 March, Waters further stated: "We are also extending our on-demand fflecsi buses to cover the whole of the Newport City local bus network, showcasing Wales as a world-leader in demand-responsive travel, offering a model for future bus delivery in other parts of Wales."
On 14 June 2021, fflecsi started operating in Blaenau Gwent with Stagecoach.
On 21 June 2021, fflecsi started operating in Holywell, Flintshire, in partnership with Flintshire County Council and P&O Lloyd Coaches, the latter will operate the service. The service serves the Holywell area, connecting residents to Holywell bus station, retail areas, leisure facilities, and medical centres.
On 27 July 2021, it was announced that fflecsi's operations in Newport would be expanded from the two service zones used for fflecsi's first trial in the city to a service covering all of Newport.
In September 2021, fflecsi was included in proposals for the North Wales Metro, potentially expanding its presence to new places in the region. Later in the month, it was announced that fflecsi would be operating the existing Bwcabus service in West Wales as "fflecsi Bwcabus". The 12-year operating service which operates routes between Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, and Pembrokeshire, is funded by the LINC II scheme, a Welsh Government programme.
On 14 March 2022, the service expanded to Ruthin, Denbighshire. The fleet used for servicing Ruthin, includes a EVM e-Cityline battery-electric minibus, the first zero-emission vehicle of the fflecsi service.
On 27 May 2022, Holywell's service area was announced to be expanded.
On 10 August 2022, fflecsi announced it will expand to Buckley, Flintshire from 15 August 2022. Operated by Prestige Taxis, the area will cover Buckley, Higher Kinnerton, Penyffordd and Hope.
On 12 August 2022, it was announced fflecsi will stop operating in Newport by 25 September 2022, just over a year after the city-wide trial was introduced. Responding to the trial's performance, Transport for Wales stated that Newport's experience with the service was "successful", had provided "substantial data... to improve future public transport route planning", and gave "useful information" on operating the service in an urban setting. Newport Transport would start increasing their bus services in a new timetable from 4 September 2022, for a three-week transition until fflecsi services cease.
Newport's pilot service ended on 25 September 2022, with all nine vehicles used being removed from service. The data collected would be used by Newport Bus to improve its scheduled bus services.
Operation
Fflecsi buses operate in designated service areas (also known as "zones", where the area is split into segments), where a passenger can board or alight anywhere (i.e. without the use of a bus stop) within the area. The bus will redirect its route to accommodate new requests from passengers to board or alight, whilst retaining the main route (from a fixed start to end destination) to fulfil the needs of all passengers already on board.
Requests for a fflecsi service are booked via a smartphone/tablet app, or a telephone call to fflecsi's call centre, and only during its operational daylight hours.
Service areas
Fflecsi replaces or complements scheduled bus routes within a service area, occasionally configured around the original route (leading to some linear-shaped service areas) and including key destinations such as railway stations, health centres and retail areas. Parts of Wales where fflecsi has replaced multiple bus routes may lead to a broader and larger service area, specifically in rural areas or urban areas connecting to its suburbs and rural settlements. Other places where fflecsi has also replaced many routes may have their service area split into service zones based on corridors of the previous routes or a high demand area, and passengers would be required to switch fflecsi services to exit one service zone and enter another.
Fares and discount eligibility differ for each service area. Prices and routes as of June 2021.
Conwy Valley
Fflecsi replaced bus routes 68A, 68B, 68C, 68D and 70, and part-replaced route 42 (between Llanrwst and to Cwm Penmachno), previously operated by Llew Jones International, with destinations such as Llanrwst, Betws y Coed, Corwen, Penmachno and Llangernyw. The services are operating in partnership with Alpine Travel of North Wales and Conwy County Borough Council. They operate Monday to Saturday, with extended services to Corwen only operational three times a week. Concession card holders travel for free, and fares are between £1 and £3 for adults.
Pembrokeshire
Fflecsi operates a service area in northwest Pembrokeshire; bus routes and service times differ throughout the area and run differently each day. Different villages within the area may be serviced on different days of the week. The services are operating in partnership with Pembrokeshire Voluntary Transport (PVT) and Pembrokeshire County Council, which operate a service area configured roughly like a triangle, with 3 main hubs in the area in each corner.
The hubs are Fishguard, Haverfordwest, and St Davids, which can all be connected with a fflecsi service with each other at varying times. These connections form 3 loose zones of the service area, which all overlap with each other near the centre of the Pembrokeshire service area. Unlike other zones operated by fflecsi, they are named after figures or places according to PVT. The St Brides service zone revolves around connections between St Davids and Haverfordwest, occupying the western half. St Aidan's service zone revolves around connections between St Davids and Fishguard, occupying the northern half. Jemima's service zone revolves around connections between Fishguard and Haverfordwest, occupying the eastern half of the entire service area.
Trips must be pre-booked in advance, and charged £4–£6 for adults, with discounts using MyTravelPass and free services for Welsh concession card holders are available.
Newport
At launch in Newport, there are two service zones, 1 and 26, centred on Rogerstone and St Julians respectively. The zones overlap in Newport city centre, and its bus station. Zone 1 replaces routes 1, 1B, 11A and 11C, connecting Rogerstone, Pye Corner, High Cross, Ridgeway and the city centre, while Zone 26 replaces routes 26A and 26C, connecting Old Barn Estate, St Julians, Barnardtown, Beechwood and the city centre.
The two zones operate separately, with specific fflecsi buses only servicing their zones. To move between the two zones, for example from Zone 1 to 26, one has to alight off a route 1 bus and board a route 26 for a destination in Zone 26 from an origin in Zone 1. The services are operating in partnership with Newport Transport (Newport Bus) who provide fares. Season/pre-purchased tickets can be used, and those with a MyTravelpass or a disabled concessionary travel card may be provided a discount.
From Summer 2021, the service in Newport was expanded, with one service zone covering all of Newport. The new service was described to be complementing and enhancing to the existing local bus routes in the city. It operates 7 days a week, with reduced Sunday operating hours.
In September 2021 some new minibuses were taken out of service in Newport due to a manufacturing fault.
In February 2022, there were calls for the service to cover Newport's rural areas, therefore having the service cover all of Newport County Borough.
In August 2022, following the announcing of its terminiation in September, the South Wales Argus reported various concerns their readers had on the service. Some readers criticised the service's booking system, reporting they had difficulties in booking a seat, especially after the service was expanded to more of Newport. Whereas other readers had concerns over potential inefficiency in the service which is taxpayer-subsidised, as well as a case of dropping off a passenger at an incorrect drop-off point. Other readers praised the service, and stated their disappointment that the service would be terminating.
The pilot service ended on 25 September 2022. It was fflecsi's largest pilot service, with all nine vehicles used being removed from service. The pilot was said to have provided data to Newport Bus to improve its scheduled bus services. Some residents were disappointed with the decision. Newport Council made no comment on the decision stating it is a TfW service, although it was stated to be operating "in partnership" with the council. Matthew Evans, leader of the Newport Conservatives, believed the service was permanent and not a pilot scheme. TfW had not announced it was a temporary service when it was expanded in July 2021. TfW stated the pilot "was initially funded for nine months and then extended for a further three to obtain more data", that the purpose of the scheme was to provide information to "plan and improve future public transport routes", and that the data had shown a "very high demand on certain urban routes" which would be more effectively served using traditional fixed bus services.
Cardiff North
In north Cardiff, fflecsi has replaced the G1 route to provide a G1 service area, covering Coryton, Gwaelod-y-Garth, Llandaff North, Tongwynlais, and Whitchurch, with the University Hospital of Wales and Llandaf railway station being within this area. The services are operating in partnership with NAT Group (Adventure Travel; where fflecsi tickets can be used on their other non-fflecsi routes), charged £2 for a single, and £3 for a return trip.
Rhondda
In Rhondda, there is a fflecsi 152 service on the former 152 scheduled bus route, covering Hendreforgan, Tonyrefail and Tonypandy. The services are operating in partnership with Stagecoach and Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council.
Prestatyn
In Prestatyn, fflecsi replaced the 40 bus route, operated by Townlynx. The service area that replaces the route spans most of the Prestatyn area, including Bryn Newydd, Ffrith, and the bordering areas north and west of Meliden and Gronant respectively, though not serving most of Meliden and areas of Gronant in Flintshire.
Denbigh
Fflecsi operates a service area in Denbigh and Henllan, replacing the 66 bus route. The services are operating in partnership with M&H coaches. The area covers Denbigh Town centre and the B5382 road up to Henllan. The service is charged at £1.50 for a single, and £2.70 for a return trip.
Blaenau Gwent
On 14 June 2021, fflecsi was introduced to Blaenau Gwent, replacing routes E2 and E4. The service area is split into two zones, 1 and 2. Zone 1 centred on Ebbw Vale and Rassau Industrial Estate. Zone 2 spanning south (mainly along A467) from Brynmawr to Llanhilleth. The two zones border each other at Garnlydan and near Beaufort. The services are operating in partnership with Stagecoach and Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council. Zone 1 also serves Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan and Ysbyty'r Tri Chwm.
In December 2022, the service im Blaenau Gwent was reported to increase passenger numbers by 17%, with more than 23,000 trips recorded over six months from June 2022 to December 2022.
Flintshire
On 21 June 2021, fflecsi expanded its operations to Flintshire, with a service area spanning the area of and around Holywell. The area of this service will enable connections to other bus services in both Holywell and Caerwys for residents (especially rural) who currently lack access to public transport. In addition to allowing passengers to connect to other services, fflecsi's service area in Holywell will include local leisure facilities, retail outlets, schools, and medical centres. The service is operated by P&O Lloyd Coaches.
The fflecsi service replaces the bus routes LT1, LT2, and LT3, is charged at £2.50 for adults, £1.50 for children, with concessionary cards providing free travel, and discounts for those with a young person's mytravelpass.
On 5 July 2021, the operations of the service were increased to provide a six-day service for the area.
On 27 May 2022, Holywell's service area was announced to be expanded to include Penyffordd, Picton, Gwespyr, Gronant and Gwaenysgor.
Another pilot service in Buckley would be operational from 15 August 2022. Partnering with operator Prestige Taxis, the area will cover Buckley, Higher Kinnerton, Penyffordd and Hope, allowing for residents without a current public transport connection to connect to scheduled bus services in Buckley and Broughton.
Llŷn Peninsula
In July 2021, fflecsi started operations in the Llŷn Peninsula in Gwynedd. Operating as '', it replaced the service that only operated along the coast. The new service only runs on weekdays, and serves an area that includes Aberdaron, Abersoch, Nefyn, Pwllheli, and Trefor, with connections to beaches, camping sites, and other tourist attractions.
West Wales
On 27 September 2021, it was announced that fflecsi would start operating the 12-year operating Bwcabus service in West Wales, as two separate services both branded as "fflecsi Bwcabus", a rural North Carmarthenshire/South Ceredigion service and a Pembrokeshire service, in partnership with Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire, and Ceredigion County Councils. The service area includes: Llandysul, Lampeter and Newcastle Emlyn for the Carmarthenshire/Ceredigion service, and Llanglydwen, Maenclochog and Puncheston for the Pembrokeshire service. The pre-existing service would become available on fflecsi's app and website, but will use a different telephone number.
Ruthin
On 14 March 2022, the service started operating in Ruthin, Denbighshire, with the area spanning the town itself and the surrounding villages of Bontuchel, Clawddnewydd, Clocaenog, Cyffylliog, Derwen, Graigfechan, Llanelidan, Pentrecelyn and Rhydymeudwy. The service uses fflecsi's first zero-emission vehicle, a EVM e-Cityline battery-electric 16-seat minibus, as part of scheme to receive feedback and identify the suitability of electric vehicles for the service. All services are local government-run by Denbighshire County Council, with the electric minibus branded separately as "Fflecsi Trydan" (meaning "Fflecsi Electric"). The service replaces three existing bus routes, with one fflecsi service operating with defined times in mornings. On launch, introductory fees were used, charged at £1.50 travelling to or from Ruthin and the surrounding villages, and £1 travelling within the town.
The Ruthin fflecsi service was reported to carry more passengers than the pre-existing fixed bus routes did prior to introduction. While the service is used by older people for shopping and socialising, there was a noticeable increase in use of the service by teenagers. The electric minibus service was reported to be cheaper to run compared to diesel-fueled, and the aggregation of rides, the main contributor to general DRT service's success, has performed with little difficulty.
Fleet
Fflecsi uses either minibuses, or buses provided by operators. Nine branded minibuses were used in Newport for the operation of the whole Newport fflecsi service. An electric minibus is in operation in Ruthin, Denbighshire, purchased by the Welsh Government Energy Service.
References
Bus transport in Wales
Demand responsive transport in the United Kingdom
Bus transport brands
Bus transport in Cardiff
2020 establishments in Wales |
Stuart David Challender (19 February 194713 December 1991) was an Australian conductor, known particularly for his work with The Australian Opera, Elizabethan Sydney Orchestra and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.
Early life
Challender was born in February 1947 at Hobart. His initial passion for music came from his grandmother, Thelma Driscoll, who used to sing to him as a child. In 1960, his father took him to a performance of Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony conducted by Tibor Paul, from which he decided to become a conductor.
In 1964, at age 17, Challender attended the Victorian Conservatorium of Music, at the University of Melbourne. From 1966 he worked with the then Victorian Opera Company. In 1968 he graduated from the Conservatorium and was the Victorian Opera Company's music director.
Conducting career
Challender began his professional conducting career in 1970. His first engagement was Kiss Me, Kate, for the Lucerne Opera. He was appointed assistant conductor at the Staatstheater Nürnberg; then came engagements in Switzerland at Zürich and Basel, where he was resident conductor at the Opera House from 1976 to 1980.
Upon returning to Australia from Europe, he joined the staff of The Australian Opera. In late 1980 Challender was assigned to conduct a single performance of The Barber of Seville, and soon after he was appointed resident conductor of the Elizabethan Sydney Orchestra and went on to conduct many of the great standards of opera.
Challender succeeded Zdeněk Mácal as chief conductor of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra from 1987 to 1991, to great acclaim. In Australia's bicentennial year (1988), he led the orchestra in a successful tour of the United States, a 12-city tour that culminated with a concert at the United Nations General Assembly in New York to mark 200 years of European settlement in Australia. He conducted the Boston Symphony Orchestra in Hong Kong in 1989 and in 1990 conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in four concerts. Several recordings which he made with the SSO are still available on commercially released CDs.
On 26 January 1991, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) "in recognition of services to music". In June of that year, his health visibly failing, Challender conducted his last concert in Hobart, with the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra.
Death
Challender died of an AIDS-related disease on 13 December 1991. One week later, on 20 December, at the Sydney Town Hall, Justice Michael Kirby led the speakers at a celebration of Challender's life. A seven-minute piece for solo cello by Peter Sculthorpe titled Threnody: In memoriam Stuart Challender was performed by David Pereira.
In his will, Challender provided for the establishment of the Stuart Challender Foundation, to aid the training and development of future Australian conductors. He bequeathed his extensive collection of scores to the Music Library at the University of Tasmania.
Ross Edwards's Symphony No. 1 Da Pacem Domine (1995) was dedicated to Challender's memory.
Discography
All recordings with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.
Voss, opera by Richard Meale (Philips, 1987)
1812 - Danny Boy - Bolero (ABC, 1989)
Symphony Under the Stars (ABC, 1989)
Earth Cry - Kakadu - Mangrove, works by Peter Sculthorpe (ABC, 1989)
Carl Vine: Three Symphonies (ABC, 1991)
Nexus - Nocturnes (Vox Australis, 1991)
Awards
ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music.
|-
| 1991
| Sculthorpe: Orchestral Works (with Sydney Symphony Orchestra)
| ARIA Award for Best Classical Album
|
|-
| 1992
| Vine: Three Symphonies (with Sydney Symphony Orchestra)
| Best Classical Album
|
|-
| 1994
| Ross Edwards Orchestral Works (with Sydney Symphony Orchestra, Dene Olding and Porcelijn)
| Best Classical Album
|
|-
Mo Awards
The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards. They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016. Stuart Challender won three awards in that time.
(wins only)
|-
| 1989
| Stuart Challender
| Australian Performer of the Year
|
|-
| 1990
| Stuart Challender
| Classical Performance of the Year
|
|-
| 1991
| Stuart Challender
| Classical Performance of the Year
|
|-
Bibliography
Davis, Richard. Close to the Flame: the Life of Stuart Challender, Wakefield Press, 2017, Sydney
References
External links
Stuart Challender in AusStage
1947 births
1991 deaths
ARIA Award winners
Australian conductors (music)
Officers of the Order of Australia
Australian LGBT musicians
AIDS-related deaths in Australia
LGBT classical musicians
20th-century conductors (music)
Musicians from Hobart
20th-century Australian musicians
20th-century Australian LGBT people |
The Australian Aircraft Kits Wasp is an Australian ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by Australian Aircraft Kits. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.
Design and development
Designed for flight training and personal use, the Wasp features a strut-braced shoulder-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.
The aircraft is made from aluminium all-metal construction. Its span wing is supported a single strut per side. The standard engine is the Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplant.
Construction from the factory kit takes 300 hours.
Specifications (Wasp)
References
External links
2000s Australian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Australian Aircraft Kits aircraft |
Eva Lisa Larsdotter Ljung (born July 13, 1970 in Malmö, Sweden) is a Venezuelan-Swedish model and beauty pageant titleholder. she grew up in Barquisimeto and was Miss Venezuela in 1989, the official representative of her country to the Miss Universe pageant held in Cancún, México on May 23, 1989, where she was one of the Top 10 semifinalists.
References
External links
Miss Venezuela Official Website
Miss Universe Official Website
Mother Agency Mariela Centeno
1970 births
Living people
Miss Universe 1989 contestants
Miss Venezuela winners
Models from Caracas
People from Malmö
Swedish emigrants to Venezuela
Venezuelan people of Swedish descent |
Butternut Grove is a hamlet in Delaware County, New York, United States. It is located east-southeast of East Branch on the north shore of Beaver Kill.
References
Geography of Delaware County, New York
Hamlets in Delaware County, New York
Hamlets in New York (state) |
Rana Ejaz Ahmad Noon is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2002 to May 2018 and from August 2018 to January 2023.
Early life and education
He was born on 8 April 1968 in Multan.
He received his early education from Aitchison College and obtained a degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1989 from Government College University.
Political career
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) from Constituency PP-204 (Multan-XI) in 2002 Pakistani general election. He received 31,498 votes and defeated Rafique Ahmad, a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N).
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-Q from Constituency PP-204 (Multan-XI) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 32,704 votes and defeated Khurram Fareed Khan, a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PP-204 (Multan-XI) in 2013 Pakistani general election.
In December 2013, he was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary for agriculture.
He was re-elected to Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency PP-221 (Multan-XI) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
References
Living people
Punjab MPAs 2013–2018
Punjab MPAs 2002–2007
Punjab MPAs 2008–2013
1968 births
Pakistan Muslim League (N) MPAs (Punjab)
Aitchison College alumni
Punjab MPAs 2018–2023 |
Alexandre Lauvergne (born 1972) is a French slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1988 to 2002.
He won a gold medal in the C2 team event at the 2002 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Bourg St.-Maurice. He also won a silver and a bronze in the same event at the European Championships.
His partner in the C2 boat throughout his active career was Nathanael Fouquet.
World Cup individual podiums
References
French male canoeists
Living people
1972 births
Medalists at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
20th-century French people
21st-century French people |
Aunt Sally is a traditional English game
Aunt Sally may also refer to
Aunt Sally (film), 1933 film
Aunt Sally (band), Japanese band
Aunt Sally, a character from Worzel Gummidge
Aunt Sal, EastEnders character
Straw man, logical fallacy
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally, a mnemonic for memorizing the order of operations in arithmetic
See also
Sally (disambiguation) |
Dawn Career Institute, located in Newark, Delaware, is a private post-secondary institution of higher education serving Delaware, south-central and south-eastern Pennsylvania, and northern Maryland. The institute offers both campus-based and online career-focused diploma programs, leading to professional certifications and licenses in a variety of healthcare and wellness fields. Dawn Career Institute was founded April 1, 1976 as an aviation school. On February 12, 1999, the school became Dawn Training Centre, and in October 2009, the school changed its name again to Dawn Career Institute. The campus moved to its current location at 252 Chapman Road, Newark, DE on December 22, 2017. This 25,047-square-foot facility provides updated classroom and lab spaces, as well as a brand new computer lab, and dedicated areas for the Learning Resource Center and Career Services Department as a center hub of the campus.
DCI is accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges (ACCSC). It is approved by the State of Delaware Department of Education as a Private Business and Trade School and for Veteran's (VA) training. The institution is also approved by the U.S. Department of Education to administer Title IV Pell Grants, Direct Student Loans (DSL), and Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS).
Accreditation
Dawn Career Institute is accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges (ACCSC). It is approved by the State of Delaware Department of Education as a Private Business and Trade School and for Veteran's (VA) training. The institution is also approved by the U.S. Department of Education to administer Title IV Pell Grants, Direct Student Loans (DSL), and Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS).
Programs
Programs include Advanced Class A CDL Driving, Advanced Esthetician, Class A CDL Driving, Dental Assistant, HVAC Technician, Medical Assisting, Medical Billing & Coding Specialist, and Nursing Assistant.
External links
Dawn Career Institute Official Web Site
Dawn Career Institute History
Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology
Private universities and colleges in Delaware
Educational institutions established in 1976
Education in New Castle County, Delaware
Buildings and structures in Wilmington, Delaware
1976 establishments in Delaware |
Haftamnesh Tesfay Haylu (also spelled Haftanmesh Tesfaye; born 28 April 1994) is an Ethiopian distance runner and winner of the 2013 African Junior Athletics Championships in the 3000 metres.
Biography
Tesfay's first international competition was the 2012 IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics, where she finished 4th in the women's 3000 metres run.
In 2013, Tesfay won the African Junior Championships title in the 3000m with a time of 9:32.3. Later that year, she beat Ruti Aga to win the Ethiopian Clubs Cross Champs.
In 2015, Tesfay moved up in distance at the 2015 African Games, where she finished 6th in the 5000 metres. She would move further up to the 10,000 metres distance in 2018, with a 7th place showing at the African Championships.
In January 2018, Tesfay made her marathon debut at the Dubai Marathon, where she finished 5th in a time of 2:20:13, which at the time was the 4th fastest marathon debut in history.
Statistics
Personal bests
References
External links
1994 births
Ethiopian female long-distance runners
Ethiopian female marathon runners
Living people
Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 African Games |
Kill or Be Killed is the seventh studio album by American band Biohazard. It features new guitarist Carmine Vincent, formerly of Nucleus, who had replaced Leo Curley.
It was noted as return to the traditional style of Biohazard after the more experimental style of the previous album, Uncivilization.
Track listing
The track listing on the album's back cover is incorrect. It incorrectly lists the songs in this order:
Some CD's are only the 10 tracks listed below. Confirmed with ripping software. Sanctuary Records BG2 84563, EMI Canada, distributed by Columbia House. Sleeves could potentially have gone on the wrong CD's that have 11 tracks.
Personnel
Billy Graziadei: lead vocals, guitars
Evan Seinfeld: vocals, bass
Carmine Vincent: guitars
Danny Schuler: drums
Production
Produced by Billy Graziadei and Danny Schuler
Engineer: Pete DeBoer
Mixing: Billy Graziadei, Danny Schuler and Pete DeBoer
References
Biohazard (band) albums
2003 albums
Sanctuary Records albums
Nu metal albums by American artists |
```smalltalk
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using AppKit;
using ObjCRuntime;
namespace Xamarin.Mac.Linker.Test {
class SystemMono {
static void Main (string [] args)
{
NSApplication.Init ();
if (File.Exists ("output.mlpd")) {
Test.Log.WriteLine ("SUCCESS: log output exists");
} else {
Test.Log.WriteLine ("FAIL: could not find 'output.mlpd'");
}
Test.Terminate ();
}
}
}
``` |
Carlos Pereira may refer to:
Carlos Pereira (businessman) (born 1952), Portuguese businessman
Carlos Pereira (footballer, born 1910), Portuguese football midfielder
Carlos Pereira (footballer, born 1962), Portuguese football right back
Carlos Alberto Pereira da Silva (Uranio Pereira, born 1977), Brazilian footballer
Carlos Pereira (footballer, born 1996), Paraguayan football right midfielder
Carlos Roberto Pereira (born 1946), Brazilian football manager
Carlinhos (footballer, born November 1986) (Carlos Emiliano Pereira), Brazilian football left back |
Edgar Russell Fiedler (April 21, 1929 – March 15, 2003) was an American economist.
Biography
Fiedler was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and later lived in Scarsdale, New York, and Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He was a 1951 graduate of the University of Wisconsin. He received an M.B.A. at the University of Michigan in 1956, and a Ph.D. in economics from New York University in 1970.
He served as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy from 1971 to 1975 during the presidencies of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.
He served as Vice President, economic counselor, senior fellow and adviser of The Conference Board, a business research organization in Manhattan, which he first joined in 1975. He edited its monthly publication, Economic Times.
In the 1980s he was an adjunct professor of economics at the Columbia Graduate School of Business. He authored The Roots of Stagflation (1984).
He wrote the following wry rules for economic forecasters: “If you must forecast, forecast often. And if you’re ever right, never let ’em forget it.”
References
External links
Saxon, Wolfgang. "Edgar Russell Fiedler, 73, Economist and Treasury Aide." The New York Times. A27. March 19, 2003.
2003 deaths
1929 births
20th-century American economists
Columbia Business School faculty
New York University alumni
People from Chapel Hill, North Carolina
People from Milwaukee
People from Scarsdale, New York
Ross School of Business alumni
United States Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury
University of Michigan alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni |
Dadrahman () may refer to:
Dadrahman Badfar
Dadrahman Bazar (disambiguation) |
Leonard M. Pike (February 1, 1940 – January 12, 2019) was an American agricultural scientist who established the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center at Texas A&M University in 1992 and created the 1015 sweet onion and the BetaSweet maroon carrot.
Pike was born and raised in Arkansas. He attended the University of Arkansas, where he received a master's degree in 1964. Three years later, he was granted a Ph.D. from Michigan State University. Shortly after graduation, he joined the faculty at Texas A&M University.
At A&M, Pike focused his research on cucumbers, onions, and carrots, using selective cross-breeding techniques to create new or hardier varieties. His research led to cucumbers that would ripen on the vine simultaneously, and that were stronger and better able to survive the machine picking process. He then created a variety of seedless cucumber.
In 1977, Texas onion growers asked him to help them to create a variety of onion that would better withstand disease and that they would be able to harvest in winter, a typically barren time of year for the Texas onion crops. Over the next four years, Pike was able to create hardier versions. He then turned his focus to creating single-centered onions, which would be easier to use to make onion rings. Pike and his graduate students tested their onions by frying them up as onion rings. The research results in the 1015 variety of sweet onions, which became one of the most popular varieties of onion sold in the United States. Pike's onion was named the official Texas state vegetable in 1997 and is estimated to provide $350 million per year to the Texas economy, as of 2013. The onion became a staple in the blooming onions sold by Outback Steakhouse. The Outback restaurant in College Station, Texas hung a picture of Pike on the wall to thank him for his efforts. For his creation of the 1015 onion, Pike won the Southwest Man of the Year in Agriculture Award.
In 1992, Pike founded the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center at Texas A&M. He served as the director of the center until his retirement in 2006. The center focused on developing foods that are healthier for humans, not just prettier or stronger and often partnered with the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas to determine which varieties had more cancer-fighting compounds. One of the results was the BetaSweet carrot, a maroon carrot (to match the Texas A&M school color) which has fifty percent more beta-carotene than a typical carrot.
References
1940 births
2019 deaths
Texas A&M University faculty
University of Arkansas alumni
Michigan State University alumni
American agriculturalists |
Jessica Claire Pugh (born 29 May 1985) is an Australian politician. She has been the Labor member for Mount Ommaney in the Queensland Legislative Assembly since the 2017 Queensland election.
Early life and education
Born in Brisbane, Pugh attended Cannon Hill Anglican College and she has a Bachelor of Business from the Queensland University of Technology majoring in International Business and Management.
Career
After graduating in 2007, Pugh worked in the role of Ministerial Adviser in Disability Services, Local Government and Main Roads until 2011. She left to work as an events manager of Restaurant Two, a fine dining institution headed by her father, renowned restaurateur David Pugh, until the restaurant closed in December 2016.
Pugh served as a volunteer in numerous entities such as Queensland Meals on Wheels and Indooroopilly Montessori Children's House. Currently, she is serving as the President of the Centenary Ambulance Committee Branch and as a member of the Sumner Park Rotary Club.
Politics
Pugh unsuccessfully contested the seat of Mount Ommaney in the 2015 Queensland state election.
Personal life
Pugh was married to Hugh O'Connell (2009–2018) and has two children.
She is married to Talbot Speechley (2020)
References
Parliamentary Profile
1985 births
Living people
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland
Women members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians |
In number theory, Ramanujan's sum, usually denoted cq(n), is a function of two positive integer variables q and n defined by the formula
where (a, q) = 1 means that a only takes on values coprime to q.
Srinivasa Ramanujan mentioned the sums in a 1918 paper. In addition to the expansions discussed in this article, Ramanujan's sums are used in the proof of Vinogradov's theorem that every sufficiently large odd number is the sum of three primes.
Notation
For integers a and b, is read "a divides b" and means that there is an integer c such that Similarly, is read "a does not divide b". The summation symbol
means that d goes through all the positive divisors of m, e.g.
is the greatest common divisor,
is Euler's totient function,
is the Möbius function, and
is the Riemann zeta function.
Formulas for cq(n)
Trigonometry
These formulas come from the definition, Euler's formula and elementary trigonometric identities.
and so on (, , , ,.., ,...). cq(n) is always an integer.
Kluyver
Let Then is a root of the equation . Each of its powers,
is also a root. Therefore, since there are q of them, they are all of the roots. The numbers where 1 ≤ n ≤ q are called the q-th roots of unity. is called a primitive q-th root of unity because the smallest value of n that makes is q. The other primitive q-th roots of unity are the numbers where (a, q) = 1. Therefore, there are φ(q) primitive q-th roots of unity.
Thus, the Ramanujan sum cq(n) is the sum of the n-th powers of the primitive q-th roots of unity.
It is a fact that the powers of are precisely the primitive roots for all the divisors of q.
Example. Let q = 12. Then
and are the primitive twelfth roots of unity,
and are the primitive sixth roots of unity,
and are the primitive fourth roots of unity,
and are the primitive third roots of unity,
is the primitive second root of unity, and
is the primitive first root of unity.
Therefore, if
is the sum of the n-th powers of all the roots, primitive and imprimitive,
and by Möbius inversion,
It follows from the identity xq − 1 = (x − 1)(xq−1 + xq−2 + ... + x + 1) that
and this leads to the formula
published by Kluyver in 1906.
This shows that cq(n) is always an integer. Compare it with the formula
von Sterneck
It is easily shown from the definition that cq(n) is multiplicative when considered as a function of q for a fixed value of n: i.e.
From the definition (or Kluyver's formula) it is straightforward to prove that, if p is a prime number,
and if pk is a prime power where k > 1,
This result and the multiplicative property can be used to prove
This is called von Sterneck's arithmetic function. The equivalence of it and Ramanujan's sum is due to Hölder.
Other properties of cq(n)
For all positive integers q,
For a fixed value of q the absolute value of the sequence is bounded by φ(q), and for a fixed value of n the absolute value of the sequence is bounded by n.
If q > 1
Let m1, m2 > 0, m = lcm(m1, m2). Then Ramanujan's sums satisfy an orthogonality property:
Let n, k > 0. Then
known as the Brauer - Rademacher identity.
If n > 0 and a is any integer, we also have
due to Cohen.
Table
Ramanujan expansions
If f(n) is an arithmetic function (i.e. a complex-valued function of the integers or natural numbers), then a convergent infinite series of the form:
or of the form:
where the , is called a Ramanujan expansion of f(n).
Ramanujan found expansions of some of the well-known functions of number theory. All of these results are proved in an "elementary" manner (i.e. only using formal manipulations of series and the simplest results about convergence).
The expansion of the zero function depends on a result from the analytic theory of prime numbers, namely that the series
converges to 0, and the results for r(n) and r′(n) depend on theorems in an earlier paper.
All the formulas in this section are from Ramanujan's 1918 paper.
Generating functions
The generating functions of the Ramanujan sums are Dirichlet series:
is a generating function for the sequence cq(1), cq(2), ... where q is kept constant, and
is a generating function for the sequence c1(n), c2(n), ... where n is kept constant.
There is also the double Dirichlet series
σk(n)
σk(n) is the divisor function (i.e. the sum of the k-th powers of the divisors of n, including 1 and n). σ0(n), the number of divisors of n, is usually written d(n) and σ1(n), the sum of the divisors of n, is usually written σ(n).
If s > 0,
Setting s = 1 gives
If the Riemann hypothesis is true, and
d(n)
d(n) = σ0(n) is the number of divisors of n, including 1 and n itself.
where γ = 0.5772... is the Euler–Mascheroni constant.
φ(n)
Euler's totient function φ(n) is the number of positive integers less than n and coprime to n. Ramanujan defines a generalization of it, if
is the prime factorization of n, and s is a complex number, let
so that φ1(n) = φ(n) is Euler's function.
He proves that
and uses this to show that
Letting s = 1,
Note that the constant is the inverse of the one in the formula for σ(n).
Λ(n)
Von Mangoldt's function unless n = pk is a power of a prime number, in which case it is the natural logarithm log p.
Zero
For all n > 0,
This is equivalent to the prime number theorem.
r2s(n) (sums of squares)
r2s(n) is the number of way of representing n as the sum of 2s squares, counting different orders and signs as different (e.g., r2(13) = 8, as 13 = (±2)2 + (±3)2 = (±3)2 + (±2)2.)
Ramanujan defines a function δ2s(n) and references a paper in which he proved that r2s(n) = δ2s(n) for s = 1, 2, 3, and 4. For s > 4 he shows that δ2s(n) is a good approximation to r2s(n).
s = 1 has a special formula:
In the following formulas the signs repeat with a period of 4.
and therefore,
r′2s(n) (sums of triangles)
is the number of ways n can be represented as the sum of 2s triangular numbers (i.e. the numbers 1, 3 = 1 + 2, 6 = 1 + 2 + 3, 10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4, 15, ...; the n-th triangular number is given by the formula n(n + 1)/2.)
The analysis here is similar to that for squares. Ramanujan refers to the same paper as he did for the squares, where he showed that there is a function such that for s = 1, 2, 3, and 4, and that for s > 4, is a good approximation to
Again, s = 1 requires a special formula:
If s is a multiple of 4,
Therefore,
Sums
Let
Then for ,
See also
Gaussian period
Kloosterman sum
Notes
References
.
(pp. 179–199 of his Collected Papers)
(pp. 136–163 of his Collected Papers)
External links
Number theory
Squares in number theory
Srinivasa Ramanujan |
Heinrich Kroll (1894-1946) was a German First World War fighter ace credited with 33 confirmed aerial victories. He shot down his first five opponents while flying combat for the fighter squadron Jagdstaffel 9, beginning in November 1916. On 1 July 1917 he was transferred to command Jagdstaffel 24. By the time a severe wounding removed him from flight duty on 14 August 1918, he had scored an additional 28 victories.
List of victories
Victories are reported in chronological order, which is not necessarily the dates the victories were confirmed by headquarters.
This list is complete for entries, though obviously not for all details. Background data was abstracted from Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918, , pp. 150–151, and The Aerodrome webpage on Heinrich Kroll . Abbreviations were expanded by the editor creating this list.
References
Aerial victories of Kroll, Heinrich
Kroll, Heinrich |
Thomas Earp (1828–1893) was a British sculptor and architectural carver who was active in the late 19th century. His best known work is his 1863 reproduction of the Eleanor Cross which stands at Charing Cross in London. He specialised in sculpture for Gothic Revival churches and worked closely with the architect George Edmund Street in the 1860s and 1870s.
Early life and career
Earp was born in Nottingham, England. He studied at the Nottingham School of Art and Design and after completing his studies in the early 1850s went to work for the building contractor George Myers (who himself worked extensively for Pugin) in London.
Around 1851 Earp founded his own architectural sculpture practice. By 1864 he was established at 1 Kennington Road, Lambeth, and employed 24 people. One of his projects, a marble and alabaster reredos, pulpit and baptismal font for the Church of St John the Baptist, Huntley, was particularly acclaimed and was exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1862.
Earp and Hobbs Ltd
Earp's practice expanded in 1864 when he went into partnership with another sculptor, Edwin Hobbs Senior (c.1841-1904). Together they opened premises in Chorlton-upon-Medlock, Manchester on Lower Mosley Street, later moving to premises in Moss Side. While Hobbs was based in Manchester, Earp worked from the London office at 32 Canterbury Place, Lambeth Walk. In the late 1880s the business was renamed Earp, Son and Hobbs, and by 1900 it was trading as Earp and Hobbs Ltd. Thomas Earp's son, Edgar Earp worked in the practice along with Edwin Hobbs Junior.
Works
Works include:
Carving at Shadwell Court, Brettenham, Norfolk for Samuel Sanders Teulon (1865-60) Although Historic England records Teulon's carver as "unknown", Mark Girouard suggests Earp, and is followed in this by Pevsner.
carved pulpit, Church of St James the Less, Pimlico, London (1862)
reredos at St Mary Magdalene, Paddington
reredos at St Peter, Kirkgate, Leeds
Horton family mausoleum, All Saints' churchyard, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire (William Wilkinson, 1866–67)
architectural detail, St. James's Church, Milnrow, Lancashire (GE Street, 1868–69)
City Police Courts, Manchester, (Thomas Worthington, 1867–73);
Annunciation group, Cathedral Church of St Marie, Sheffield (1879)
reredos,Cathedral Church of St Andrew, Sydney (1886)
the baptismal font in Rochester Cathedral (1893)
the baptismal font in St Mary's Church, Portsea (1889)
Reredos, St James's Episcopal Church, Leith (1862–65)
the Eleanor Cross, Charing Cross, London (1863)
Reredos in the Lady Chapel, St Margaret's Convent of the Ursulines of Jesus, The Grange, Edinburgh (1877)
architectural detail, St Silas's Church, Glasgow (John Honeyman, 1864)
Crucifixion Scene above the altar, Church of St Thomas à Becket in South Cadbury (1870)
St John the Divine, Kennington, London
Holy Trinity Church, Hastings
St Leonard's Church, Bridgnorth
St Jude's Church, Kensington, London
pulpit, St Michael and All Angels Church, Hughenden, Buckinghamshire
pulpit, Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin
References
External links
1828 births
1893 deaths
19th-century English sculptors
Artists from Nottingham
British architectural sculptors
English sculptors
English male sculptors
Monumental masons |
In American football, a bootleg play is a play in which the quarterback runs with the ball in the direction of either sideline behind the line of scrimmage. This can be accompanied by a play action, or fake hand off of the ball to a running back running the opposite direction.
Overview
The quarterback can be accompanied by an offensive lineman to block for him, or run without a blocker, which is known as a naked bootleg or waggle. More complex versions involve multiple offensive linemen moving with the quarterback to block and multiple false hand offs; one such variation is known as a rollout. After escaping the area behind the offensive line, the quarterback may either throw a pass downfield or run with the ball himself to gain yardage.
A bootleg is called to confuse the defense, by moving the quarterback away from where they expect him to be, directly behind the center. The quarterback's motion may also attract the attention of the defensive backs, allowing one of the receivers to become uncovered. The play is typically used by teams with mobile quarterbacks, such as Steve Young, Randall Cunningham and Russell Wilson.
Additional variations can be combined with bootleg plays. In the West Coast offense variant designed around quarterback Michael Vick, counter techniques combined with play action bootleg plays served to provide several types of simultaneous misdirection which caused defensive players to freeze after often misjudging the intended direction of the play. These techniques, along with Vick's unusual athleticism, slowed down and isolated defenders and provided extra space and time for the quarterback to survey the field and/or run the ball.
The bootleg and its variants have become more common in recent years as the rules have been changed to permit a quarterback to avoid a sack by throwing the ball away once they are outside the "tackle box". Since the quarterback in a bootleg usually sets up to throw well outside the tackles, if he is in danger of taking a sack, he can throw the ball safely out of bounds without risking an intentional grounding penalty.
The name comes from the fact that on a play action the quarterback often hides the ball from the defense by his thigh to make the run look more convincing. This is similar to the way bootleggers would hide whiskey in their trousers during Prohibition.
Pop Warner is given credit for inventing the bootleg play.
See also
Glossary of American football
Sally Rand
References
American football plays |
The European Commissioner for International Partnerships formerly European Commissioner for International Cooperation and Development is the member of the European Commission responsible for overseeing the international cooperation and development policy of the European Union, and for heading the Directorate-General for International Partnerships (DG INTPA). The position was previously titled Commissioner for International Cooperation and Development. The Commissioner has to ensure that European Commission can adapt EU's development policy to the evolving needs of EU's partner countries, delivering on EU's commitments to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the eradication of poverty in the context of sustainable development. The incumbent Commissioner is former Deputy Prime Minister of Finland, Jutta Urpilainen.
Responsibilities
Commissioner for International Partnerships has to focus on the following:
The main objective will be to ensure the European model of development evolves in line with new global realities. It should be strategic and effective, should create value for money and should contribute to wider political priorities.
- Building on the current EU–Africa Sustainable Alliance, Prepare a new comprehensive strategy for Africa
- Conclude the negotiations for a Post-Cotonou agreement with the countries from the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States.
- Reach comprehensive partnerships with countries of migration origin and transit
- Ensure that the Europe's external financial assistance 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals within it
- Ensure that gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls continue to be a top priority in our international cooperation and development policies.
- A dedicated focus on supporting civil society around the world. We should ensure they have a far greater role in designing and implementing European policies, programs and projects.
- Work with other Commissioners to facilitate a swift agreement on the post-2020 Neighborhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument
Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation (DG DEVCO) has to report to Commissioner for International Cooperation and Development, which helps Commissioner to fulfil his responsibilities.
List of commissioners
References
http://ec.europa.eu/about/juncker-commission/docs/mimica_en.pdf
Portfolios in the European Commission
European Union development policy
European Union foreign aid |
Chrysina, or jewel scarabs (not to be confused with jewel beetles, which are a different family), is a genus of brightly colored, often metallic iridescent species of ruteline beetles. They range from the southwestern edge of the United States, through Mexico and Central America, and as far south as Colombia and Ecuador. Chrysina contains more than 120 species, includes all those formerly in the genus Plusiotis. The genus name is from Greek χρύσινος (chrysinos), "gold-coloured".
Distribution and habitat
Although the genus is wide-ranging, each species tends to be quite restricted in both habitat and distribution, with the vast majority only found in a single or two countries.
Most species are from Mexico and Central America. The highest diversity is in Mexico and Panama, each being home to more than sixty species; Costa Rica, Guatemala and Honduras also have many species, whereas Belize, El Salvador and Nicaragua each only are known to house one or two species. There are only three species in South America where restricted to western Colombia and western Ecuador, and four species in the United States where restricted to highlands of Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas.
They tend to be found in pine, juniper or pine-oak forests, or in cloud forests, most commonly between elevation, but there are also species found up to or in lowlands.
Behavior
The immature stages of most species are unknown, but where known the larvae live in and feed on rotting wood, while the adult beetles feed on foliage. They are harmless to humans and not regarded as pests. The adult beetles are attracted to light during the night.
Appearance
These beetles are typically between in length. The majority of species have bright shiny green upperparts, but metallic silver and gold are also common colors (species with all-silver or all-golden upperparts only occur in Central and South America), and a few can be metallic reddish. Some species combine the colors, like the green-and-silver striped C. gloriosa.
They are very popular among collectors; many species are polymorphic. While their value often is quite low, only a few US$, particularly attractive specimens were reported to sell for as much as US$500 in 2007.
Metallic color mechanism
Research has shown that the elytra of Chrysina are composed of about 70 chitinous layers of exoskeleton. The different reflective indices and spacing of the layers cause light of different wavelengths to be selectively refracted through them and by them in different phases, leading to a metallic appearance, and also leads to different specimens having different colors.
Species
Chrysina adelaida (Hope, 1841)
Chrysina adolphi Chevrolat, 1859
Chrysina alexae Monzón, 2017
Chrysina alfredolaui (Hawks, 1995)
Chrysina alphabarrerai (Morón, 1981)
Chrysina amalia (Burmeister, 1844)
Chrysina antonkozlovi Monzón, 2017
Chrysina arellanoi Monzón, 2012
Chrysina argenteola (H. Bates, 1888)
Chrysina aurigans (Rothschild & Jordan, 1894)
Chrysina aurilisternum Perez-Flores, Villagomez & Galindo, 2016
Chrysina auripes Gray, 1832
Chrysina aurofoveata (Morón, 1981)
Chrysina auropunctata (Ohaus, 1913)
Chrysina aurora (Boucard, 1875)
Chrysina badeni (Boucard, 1878)
Chrysina baileyana Monzón, 2010
Chrysina batesi (Boucard, 1875)
Chrysina beckeri H. Bates, 1889
Chrysina benesi Pokorný & Curoe, 2012
Chrysina beraudi (Warner, Hawks & Bruyea, 1992)
Chrysina beyeri (Skinner, 1905)
Chrysina blackalleri Monzón & García, 2011
Chrysina boucardi (Sallé, 1878)
Chrysina brevis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1894)
Chrysina bruyeai (Hawks, 1999)
Chrysina cavei Hawks & Bruyea, 1999
Chrysina centralis (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina chalcothea (H. Bates, 1888)
Chrysina chimalapensis Mora-Aguilar, Curoe, Delgado & Ramírez-Ponce 2018
Chrysina chloreis (H. Bates, 1888)
Chrysina chrysargyrea (Sallé, 1874)
Chrysina chrysopedila (H. Bates, 1888)
Chrysina citlaltepetlamayatli (Blackaller-Bages & Delgado, 1994)
Chrysina clavellina Monzón, Blackaller, & Hawks, 2020
Chrysina clypealis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1894)
Chrysina colima (Morón, 1992)
Chrysina confusa (Ohaus, 1913)
Chrysina costata (Blanchard, 1850)
Chrysina crassimargo (Rothschild & Jordan, 1894)
Chrysina cunninghami (Curoe, 1999)
Chrysina cupreomarginata (F. Bates, 1904)
Chrysina curoei (Warner, LeBlanc, Hawks & Bruyea, 1992)
Chrysina cusuquensis (Curoe, 1994)
Chrysina dianae (Ratcliffe & Taylor, 1992)
Chrysina difficilis (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina diversa (Ohaus, 1912)
Chrysina donthomasi Monzón & García, 2011
Chrysina dzidorhum (Arnaud, 1994)
Chrysina ericsmithi (Monzón & Cano, 1999)
Chrysina erubescens H. Bates, 1889
Chrysina expansa (Ohaus, 1913)
Chrysina eyai Curoe, 2012
Chrysina falcifera Hawks, 2017
Chrysina flohri (Ohaus, 1905)
Chrysina gaitalica Curoe, 2012
Chrysina galbina Hawks, 2017
Chrysina giesberti Monzón, 2010
Chrysina gloriosa (Leconte, 1854)
Chrysina gorda Delgado, 2003
Chrysina guatemalensis (Monzón, Cano & Bailey, 1999)
Chrysina guaymi (Curoe, 2001)
Chrysina halffteri (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina hawksi Monzón, 2010
Chrysina howdenorum (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina intermedia (Ohaus, 1913)
Chrysina juxtaprasina Hawks, 2017
Chrysina kalinini Zubov & Ivshin, 2019
Chrysina karschi (Nonfried, 1891)
Chrysina lacordairei (Boucard, 1875)
Chrysina laniventris (Sturm, 1843)
Chrysina lecontei (Horn, 1882)
Chrysina limbata (Rothschild & Jordan, 1894)
Chrysina luteomarginata (Ohaus, 1913)
Chrysina macropus (Francillon, 1795)
Chrysina magnistriata (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina maishei Monzón, 2017
Chrysina marginata (Waterhouse, 1871)
Chrysina mercedesae Barria, 2022
Chrysina miguelangeli Nogueira & Curoe, 2012
Chrysina misteca (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina modesta (Sturm, 1843)
Chrysina moroni (Curoe & Beraud, 1994)
Chrysina nogueirai (Morón, 1992)
Chrysina ofidiodontophallica Curoe, 2011
Chrysina optima (H. Bates, 1888)
Chrysina oreicola (Morón, 1992)
Chrysina orizabae (H. Bates, 1889)
Chrysina pastori (Curoe, 1994)
Chrysina paulseni Hawks, 2017
Chrysina pehlkei (Ohaus, 1930)
Chrysina peruviana Kirby, 1828
Chrysina plusiotina (Ohaus, 1912)
Chrysina porioni Monzón & Hawks, 2020
Chrysina prasina (Boucard, 1878)
Chrysina pricei Hawks, 2020
Chrysina prototelica (Morón & Howden, 1992)
Chrysina psittacina (Sturm, 1843)
Chrysina purpurata (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina purulhensis (Monzón & Warner, 1993)
Chrysina quetzalcoatli (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina quiche (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina ratcliffei (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina resplendens (Boucard, 1875)
Chrysina robackeri Hawks, 2020
Chrysina rodriguezi (Boucard, 1878)
Chrysina sagacita Hawks, 2017
Chrysina sallaei (Boucard, 1875)
Chrysina schusteri (Monzon, Cano & Bailey, 1999)
Chrysina sirenicola (Solís & Morón, 1995)
Chrysina spectabilis (Ratcliffe & Jameson, 1992)
Chrysina strasseni (Ohaus, 1924)
Chrysina tapantina (Morón, 1992)
Chrysina taylori (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina tecunumani (Cano & Morón, 1995)
Chrysina terroni (Morón, 1990)
Chrysina transvolcanica (Morón & Nogueira, 2016)
Chrysina tricolor (Ohaus, 1922)
Chrysina triumphalis Morón, 1990
Chrysina tuerckheimi (Ohaus, 1913)
Chrysina valentini Zubov & Ivshin, 2019
Chrysina veraguana (Ohaus, 1922)
Chrysina victorina (Hope, 1841)
Chrysina woodi (Horn, 1884)
Chrysina woodruffi Monzón, 2017
Chrysina xalixteca (Morón, 1992)
Chrysina zapoteca (Morón, 1990)
References
External links
Generic Guide to New World Scarab Beetles
Rutelinae |
The Motor Industry Staff Association (MISA) is a trade union representing workers in the motor industry in South Africa.
The union was founded on 22 September 1949 in Bloemfontein, to represent white collar workers. For many years, it only admitted white workers.
By 1985, the union had affiliated to the Federation of South African Labour Unions, and by 1996 it had grown to 20,000 members. In 1997, it was a founding affiliate of the Federation of Unions of South Africa,
In 2003, the union absorbed the Motor Industry Employees' Union, which represented technical workers in the industry. By 2019, the union had grown to 50,000 members.
In 2023 the Motor Industry Staff Association represents more than 61 000 members.
External links
References
Trade unions established in 1949
Trade unions in South Africa
Vehicle industry trade unions |
```java
/**
* This file is part of Skript.
*
* Skript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* Skript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with Skript. If not, see <path_to_url
*
*/
/**
* Code related to loading, handling, and saving variables. Some code is found in <tt>lang</tt> as well (e.g. in {@link ch.njol.skript.lang.Variable}).
*
* @author Peter Gttinger
*/
@NonNullByDefault({DefaultLocation.PARAMETER, DefaultLocation.RETURN_TYPE, DefaultLocation.FIELD})
package ch.njol.skript.variables;
import org.eclipse.jdt.annotation.DefaultLocation;
import org.eclipse.jdt.annotation.NonNullByDefault;
``` |
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