text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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4. Decembar Nikšić (English: December 4th) is an intercity bus company based in Nikšić, Montenegro. With a fleet of coach buses, the company operates intercity routes to various destinations in Montenegro as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It was named after the date in 1943 when Josip Broz Tito and the Yugoslav Partisans declared government-in-exile during the occupation of Yugoslavia in World War II. Along with Glušica Nikšić, the carrier is one of the main intercity bus companies serving the Nikšić municipality.
Destinations
The line operated between Nikšić to Podgorica is operated with many frequencies on a daily basis, while other domestic destinations, including Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, and Kotor are served as well.
References
Bus companies of Montenegro
Coach transport in Montenegro
External links |
Sobre el Fuego is India's second solo album. The album received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Tropical Latin Performance and a Lo Nuestro Award nomination for Tropical/Salsa Album of the Year.
Track listing
• 01. — Me Cansé De Ser La Otra — 05:16
• 02. — Costumbres — 05:53
• 03. — Burlada Inocencia — 04:27
• 04. — No Me Lo Confiesas — 04:44
• 05. — Si Tú Eres Mi Hombre — 05:32
• 06. — Mi Mayor Venganza — 05:18
• 07. — Sobre El Fuego — 05:19
• 08. — Te Daré Dulzura — 05:36
• 09. — La Voz De La Experiencia (Duet With Celia Cruz) — 05:28
• 10. — Si Estuvieras Aquí — 06:01
Chart performance
See also
List of number-one Billboard Tropical Albums from the 1990s
References
1997 albums
La India albums
RMM Records albums |
Zeuzeropecten grandis is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found on Madagascar.
References
Moths described in 1951
Zeuzerinae |
```makefile
xcl2_SRCS:=${COMMON_REPO}/common/includes/xcl2/xcl2.cpp
xcl2_HDRS:=${COMMON_REPO}/common/includes/xcl2/xcl2.hpp
xcl2_CXXFLAGS:=-I${COMMON_REPO}/common/includes/xcl2
``` |
Jelogir (, also Romanized as Pa Alam, Jelow Gīr, Jalogīr, Jelo Gīr, Jelūgīr, and Jolow Gīr) is a village in Pa Alam, in the Central District of Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 535, in 115 families.
References
Populated places in Pol-e Dokhtar County |
New Film Makers is a Canadian experimental short film television miniseries which was broadcast on CBC Television in 1969.
Premise
Lyal Brown hosted the series which featured independent short films and interviews with their producers. Chroma key technology was used to show excerpts from films as background for the interviews with filmmakers. Jack Vance developed the series concept, with research by Betty-Jean Beyer.
Scheduling
This half-hour series was broadcast on most Wednesdays at 10:30 p.m. (Eastern) from 23 April to 23 June 1969.
Episodes
Conversation with Mort Ransen, producer of the National Film Board film Christopher's Movie Matinée, featuring youth in Toronto. The full production was shown on CBC Television several days later
Student films were the focus of this episode. From the McMaster Film Board, Jim Bennett's "Walk On" was featured. From Montreal, Gabriel Hoss and Serge Denko's "Caught in Rhythm" was shown.
"Lords of Creation" (Gerald Robinson) and "Flowers" (Takehiko Kamei).
Toronto film "Satan's Pipers" (Eric Young, Jon Slan).
More Toronto films: Rat Life and Diet in North America (Joyce Wieland) with Electrocution of the Word (Morley Markson).
French-language productions were featured.
Vancouver animated productions were featured such as Thank Heaven (Vancouver Art School) and Henry (Al Sens).
See also
Canadian Film Makers (1967)
Canadian Film Makers (1974)
Sprockets (1975–1976)
References
External links
CBC Television original programming
1969 Canadian television series debuts
1969 Canadian television series endings |
The 1973 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University in the Big Eight Conference during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. In their first year under head coach Earle Bruce, the Cyclones compiled a 4–7 record (2–5 against conference opponents), tied for sixth place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 245 to 236. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.
Larry Hunt and Keith Krepfle were the team captains.
Schedule
Roster
References
Iowa State
Iowa State Cyclones football seasons
Iowa State Cyclones football |
The black-striped woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus) is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Taxonomy and systematics
The black-striped woodcreeper has three subspecies, the nominate X. l. lachrymosus (Lawrence, 1862), X. l. eximius (Hellmayr, 1904), and X. l. alarum (Chapman, 1915).
Description
The black-striped woodcreeper is long and weighs . It is a medium-sized member of genus Xiphorhynchus, with a longish, nearly straight, bill with a slight droop at the tip. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a brownish black face with buff streaks and no distinct supercilium. Their crown and nape are brownish black with buffy teardrop spots and wide streaks. Their back and scapulars are also brownish black with wider and deeper buff streaks. Their lower back, rump, and wings are dark cinnamon-rufous, with dusky tips on the outer primaries. Their inner wing coverts are also dark cinnamon-rufous and the outer coverts browish black with paler streaks. Their tail is rufous-chestnut. Their throat is pale to deep buff with a thin black lower edge. Their breast and belly are pale buff with a scaly appearance on the former and streaks on the latter. Their sides and flanks are grayish brown with faint streaks, their undertail coverts brownish with pale buff streaks, and their underwing coverts deep ochraceous buff to tawny buff. Their iris is dark reddish brown to dark brown, their maxilla dark brown to black, their mandible silver-gray to bluish white, and their legs and feet green to bluish gray or dark gray. Juveniles are similar to adults with a more muted pattern; the black feather edges are browner, their throat has heavier scaling, their underparts are whiter, and their bill is shorter.
Subspecies X. l. eximius has more distinct black streaking than the nominate on the breast and it extends through the belly. Their upper back has more blackish on the streaks and their wings and tail are deeper rufous. X. l. alarum has smaller buffy spots on the back than the nominate, with narrow black and wider dark brown edges. Their greater wing coverts have brown rather than black inner webs, and their underparts' spots are smaller.
The black-striped woodcreeper's combination of size and pattern of pale buff and black streaks is unique among woodcreepers.
Distribution and habitat
The nominate subspecies of the black-striped woodcreeper is found on the Caribbean slope from eastern Nicaragua through Costa Rica and Panama, and also on the Pacific slope from the Canal Zone through western Colombia into Ecuador as far as Pichincha Province. Subspecies X. l. eximius is found on the Pacific slope of southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama. X. l. alarum is found in Colombia, from the valleys of the Sinú, Cauca, and Magdalena rivers east into Santander Department.
The black-striped woodcreeper mostly inhabits humid lowland forest. It favors evergreen forest but also entends into mangroves in some areas. It also favors the interior of tall mature forest but is regular at its edges and gaps, in older secondary forest, and occasionally in tree plantations. In elevation it mostly ranges between sea level and but reaches in Costa Rica and in Colombia.
Behavior
Movement
The black-striped woodcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range.
Feeding
The black-striped woodcreeper's diet is mostly arthropods but also includes small vertebrates such as lizards. It usually forages singly, though sometimes in pairs or more rarely in family groups. It will join mixed-species feeding flocks but does so less than other Xiphorhynchus woodcreepers. With flocks it usually feeds in the forest canopy and somewhat lower when away from them. It hitches up trunks and along branches, usually in a spiral but also creeping along large limbs. Most prey is taken by probing bark crevices, vine tangles, dead leaf clusters, bromeliads, and epiphytes. It also sometimes sallies for flying prey. It regularly follows army ant swarms, staying fairly low and usually capturing prey directly from leaves, trunks, and vines and seldom if ever from the ground.
Breeding
The black-striped woodcreeper breeds between March and June in Costa Rica and between February and May in Colombia. It nests in a tree or palm cavity that it lines with wood and bark chips. The clutch size is usually two eggs though apparently sometimes three. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.
Vocalization
The black-striped woodcreeper's song is "a soft, descending whinny...clear whistles that begin slowly, speed up, then slow at end, 'wi, di, di, di, di-di-di-di-di-di, di, di, dew'." Its calls include " descending whistles with laughing quality, described as 'wheep-weep-whup', 'weé-hir-hir' or 'weé, ha-há'; also a loud emphatic 'doweeet' or 'choo-reep' with upward inflection, a descending 'cheer' or 'chirrrw' with rolling quality and, when agitated, a rapid series of sharp notes that rise and fall in frequency and speed, and vary from clear whistled 'weet' to harsh 'wik'."
Status
The IUCN has assessed the black-striped woodcreeper as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and an estimated population of at least 50,000 mature individuals, though the latter is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered uncommon to common in most of its range, and locally common. It "[r]equires relatively continuous forest with tall trees and, therefore, [is] believed to be at least moderately sensitive to forest fragmentation and other forms of human disturbance."
References
black-striped woodcreeper
Birds of Nicaragua
Birds of Costa Rica
Birds of Panama
Birds of Colombia
Birds of the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena
black-striped woodcreeper
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Al-Idrus Football Club is a football club based in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam. The youth department Al-Idrus Junior won the Brunei Premier League in 2016.
Honours
Al Idrus
Unida CF Trophy: 2016
Al-Idrus FA Cup: 2019
Al-Idrus Junior
NFABD TelBru Youth Under-16 National Football League: 2013
NBT FA Cup: 2014 (runners-up)
Brunei-Muara District Football League: 2015
Brunei Premier League: 2016
Al-Idrus FC (veteran)
Brunei Veteran Football Association FA Cup: 2014, 2015 (runners-up), 2018
Brunei Veteran Football Association President's Cup: 2016 (runners-up), 2018
Brunei Veteran Football Association Super Cup: 2017
References
Football clubs in Brunei
Association football clubs established in 2011 |
```python
from time import sleep
import pytest
import ray
from ray import workflow
from ray.workflow.http_event_provider import HTTPListener
from ray.tests.conftest import * # noqa
from ray import serve
from ray.workflow import common
from ray._private.test_utils import wait_for_condition
import requests
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"workflow_start_regular_shared_serve",
[
{
"num_cpus": 4, # TODO (Alex): When we switch to the efficient event
# implementation we shouldn't need these extra cpus.
}
],
indirect=True,
)
def test_multiple_events_by_http(workflow_start_regular_shared_serve):
"""If a workflow has multiple event arguments, it should wait for them at the
same time.
"""
def send_event1():
resp = requests.post(
"path_to_url"
+ "workflow_test_multiple_event_by_http",
json={"event_key": "e1", "event_payload": "hello"},
)
return resp
def send_event2():
sleep(0.5)
resp = requests.post(
"path_to_url"
+ "workflow_test_multiple_event_by_http",
json={"event_key": "e2", "event_payload": "world"},
)
return resp
@ray.remote
def trivial_task(arg1, arg2):
return f"{arg1[1]} {arg2[1]}"
event1_promise = workflow.wait_for_event(HTTPListener, event_key="e1")
event2_promise = workflow.wait_for_event(HTTPListener, event_key="e2")
workflow.run_async(
trivial_task.bind(event1_promise, event2_promise),
workflow_id="workflow_test_multiple_event_by_http",
)
# wait until HTTPEventProvider is ready
def check_app_running():
status = serve.status().applications[common.HTTP_EVENT_PROVIDER_NAME]
assert status.status == "RUNNING"
return True
wait_for_condition(check_app_running)
# repeat send_event1() until the returned status code is not 404
while True:
res = send_event1()
if res.status_code == 404:
sleep(0.5)
else:
break
while True:
res = send_event2()
if res.status_code == 404:
sleep(0.5)
else:
break
event_msg = workflow.get_output(workflow_id="workflow_test_multiple_event_by_http")
assert event_msg == "hello world"
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
sys.exit(pytest.main(["-v", __file__]))
``` |
is the name of a country or land that appears in the Book of Sui Dynasty and History of the Northern Dynasties in the history of China as being in the Japan region. or land name that appears in Northern History. It is compared to Tsukushi Province.
Outline
The country of Chikushikoku appears in "Book of Sui" volume 81, biography 46 "Eastern Barbarians, the country of Buyeo" and "Northern History" volume 94, biography 82. It is mentioned immediately after the passage "The Emperor of the Land where the Sun Rises" in the letter sent by the Buyeo (Wa) envoy, , to Emperor Yang of Sui.
Descriptions in the Sui Dynasty and the Northern History
It describes the route taken by the envoys from the Sui Dynasty. The envoys went from Baekje to Takeshima (not an island that has been disputed by Japan and Korea since the late 20th century), Tsushima to Iki, and then arrived at "Takeshikoku. The area east of there is said to be the territory of Japan. The reason why "Sui Dynasty" refers to "Hye-qing" and "Northern History" refers to "Hye-se-qing" is that "Sui Dynasty" was Naming taboo.
Different theories
The common theory is that the "其人・・・・・・不能明也" part of the above Chinese historical document is an explanation of the Shin'okoku, but the following theory exists.
According to Yozaburo Ishihara, it is thought that people from Takeshikoku (Tsukushi Province) were considered to be from the same birthplace as Huaxia.
Bibliography
- 和田 石原 1951 の新訂- 注記：石原は、北史は隋書・梁書によっているとのことで、魏志・隋書の脚注において、北史との相違部分を説明している。
邪馬台国 石原洋三郎 令和元年十月 第一印刷
See also
Tsukushi (disambiguation)
Tsukushi Province
Shin'okoku
References
Former countries in Japanese history
History of the Kyushu region
Wajinden
States of the Wajinden
Pages with unreviewed translations |
DSR Proteus-Eretes ( - Delft Student Rowing Club) is a student rowing club in Delft, Netherlands, with more than 850 members.
Proteus-Eretes has a fleet of more than 100 rowing boats, which is the largest number of boats owned by a student rowing club in the Netherlands.
About 60 members of Proteus-Eretes are racerowers, who train to reach a worldclass level of rowing and start competing at a high level instantly. In 2012, 5 members competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics, and Sytske de Groot and Chantal Achterberg won bronze medals as a part of women's eight team. The other members are more recreational rowers, but also have the opportunity to compete in a competitive environment. During the season they can participate in competitions almost every weekend.
History
Proteus-Eretes is a result of a fusion between two student rowing clubs, VRV Proteus and DSR Eretes. VRV (Virgilius Roei Vereniging) Proteus was founded in 1947 by Gerrit Athmer and was at first a rowing club only for members of Sanctus Virgilius. Other students were not granted membership of Proteus.
In 1966 DSR Eretes was founded as a student rowing club open to all students. DSR Eretes was growing at a very fast rate whereas Proteus was struggling to survive. Because of problems with Sanctus Virgilius and a shortage of new members, Proteus became an open rowing club in 1969. In 1970 a fusion with Eretes followed, forming DSR Proteus-Eretes.
References
Rowing clubs in the Netherlands
Sports clubs and teams established in 1970
Organisations based in South Holland
1970 establishments in the Netherlands |
The American Medical Association (AMA) is a professional association and lobbying group of physicians and medical students. Founded in 1847, it is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Membership was 271,660 in 2022.
The AMA's stated mission is "to promote the art and science of medicine and the betterment of public health." The Association also publishes the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). The AMA also publishes a list of Physician Specialty Codes which are the standard method in the U.S. for identifying physician and practice specialties.
The American Medical Association is governed by a House of Delegates as well as a board of trustees in addition to executive management. The organization maintains the AMA Code of Medical Ethics, and the AMA Physician Masterfile containing data on United States Physicians. The Current Procedural Terminology coding system was first published in 1966 and is maintained by the Association. It has also published works such as the Guides to Evaluation of Permanent Impairment and established the American Medical Association Foundation and the American Medical Political Action Committee.
The current president is Jesse Ehrenfeld, an anesthesiologist affiliated with the Medical College of Wisconsin.
History
1847–1900
In 1846, the organization created a committee dedicated to analyzing the methodology of vital records registration. It urged state governments to adopt measures to register births, marriages and deaths within their populations. In 1847, the American Medical Association was founded in Philadelphia by Nathan Smith Davis as a national professional medical organization. The AMA established the world's first national code for ethical medical practice, the AMA Code of Medical Ethics. The organization educated people about the dangers of patent medicines and called for legislation regulating their production and sale. One resulting legislation was the Drug Importation Act of 1848.
In 1848, the AMA began publishing Transactions of the American Medical Association, which included lists and reports of cases of physiological effects of ether and chloroform at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, the New York Hospital and the clinics of the University of Pennsylvania and Jefferson Medical College.
At the organization's second meeting in 1849, Thomas Wood suggested a committee on medical science to establish a board to analyze quack remedies and nostrums to be published in order to inform the public about the dangers of such remedies. The AMA's attempts to expose quack remedies aided the passage of the first Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906.
The AMA Committee on Ethics advocated for recognition of qualified female physicians in 1869, and the AMA inducted its first female member, Sarah Hackett Stevenson, as an Illinois State Medical Society delegate in 1876.
In 1872, the AMA's book Nomenclature of Diseases was published.
The Journal of the American Medical Association was launched in 1883. The organization's founder, Nathan Smith Davis, served as the first editor of the publication.
In 1897, the AMA was incorporated in the state of Illinois.
AMA pushed for laws requiring compulsory smallpox vaccinations in 1899. In 1899, the AMA appointed a committee to report on tuberculosis, including on its communicability and prevention. The Committee on Tuberculosis presented its report in October 1900.
1901–1920
In 1901, the AMA was reorganized with its central authority shifted to a House of Delegates, a board of trustees, and executive offices. The House of Delegates was modeled after the United States House of Representatives and included representatives from medical organizations across the United States as a formal, reform-minded legislative body. The organization's new president appointed a Committee on Medical Education in order to evaluate medical education in the United States and make recommendations for its improvement.
The AMA's Committee on National Legislation established the Committee on Medical Legislation in 1901.
AMA created the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry in 1905 to set standards for drug manufacturing and advertising. That same year, the AMA began a voluntary program of drug approval, which would remain in effect until 1955. Drug companies were required to show proof of the effectiveness of their drugs to advertise them in AMA's journal.
In 1906, the AMA established a Physician Masterfile designed to contain data on physicians in the United States as well as graduates of American medical schools and international graduates who are in the United States. Each file is established when an individual either enters medical schools or enters the United States.
The AMA established the Council for the Defense of Medical Research in 1908.
AMA's Council on Medical Education and Hospitals first published its annual list of hospitals approved for internships in 1914.
The AMA established a policy of opposition to compulsory health insurance by state or federal government in 1920.
1921–1960
In May 1922, the Woman's Auxiliary to the AMA was organized. The following year, the AMA established standards for medical specialty training residency programs. The AMA later published its first list of hospitals approved for residency training in 1927.
In 1927, Congress passed the Caustic Poison Act, lobbied for by the AMA, which required product labels to include warnings if they included lye or 10 other caustic chemicals.
In 1933, the AMA's general medical guide the Standard Classified Nomenclature of Disease, (referred to as the Standard), was released. Along with the New York Academy of Medicine, the APA provided the psychiatric nomenclature subsection. A number of revisions were produced, with the last in 1961.
The Normal Diet, a comprehensive listing of what Americans should be eating, was published by the AMA in 1938.
A formal partnership between the AMA and the Association of American Medical Colleges formed the Liaison Committee on Medical Education in 1942 in order to establish requirements for certification of medical schools. In 1951, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals was created through merging the Hospital Standardization Program with quality standards from the American College of Physicians, the American Hospital Association, and the American Medical Association. The commission, established for evaluation and accreditation of healthcare organizations in the United States, governed by a board of commissioners including physicians, consumers and administrators.
The AMA publicly endorsed the principle of fluoridation of community water supplies in 1951.
The Physicians Advisory Committee on Television, Radio and Motion Pictures was established by the AMA in 1955 in order to maintain medical accuracy in media.
The AMA's Committee on Alcoholism issued a statement in 1956 calling alcoholism an illness and encouraging medical personnel and institutions to admit and treat alcoholic patients.
1961–1980
In 1961, the AMA opposed the King-Anderson bill proposing Medicare legislation and took out advertisements in newspapers, radio and television against government health insurance. The AMA established the American Medical Political Action Committee, which was separate from AMA though the Association nominated its board of directors. The AMA's efforts to defeat Medicare legislation was called Operation Coffee Cup and included secretive meetings in which the vinyl LP "Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine" was played. The AMA created an "Eldercare" proposal rather than hospital insurance through Social Security.
The AMA first published the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding system in 1966. The system was created for uniform reporting of outpatient physician services. The first manual was 163 pages and contained only four-digit codes with descriptions of each. A second edition of the book was published in 1970 with a fifth digit added.
In 1969, AMA proposed the Medicredit program. The program was created to be flexible so that all people had an option for health insurance.
The AMA published the first Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment in 1971. The guides were later republished in 1977 before the AMA Council on Scientific Affairs created 12 committees to review the guides before the second edition was published in 1984.
In the 1970s, the AMA spoke out against gender discrimination in medical institutions.
In 1972, the AMA launched a "war on smoking" and supported legislation that would prohibit tobacco sample disbursement.
The following year, in 1973, the AMA urged physicians to combat hypertension through a national program.
In 1975, the AMA adopted a policy stating that "discrimination based on sexual orientation is improper and unacceptable by any part of the federation of medicine." It adopted a resolution to repeal all state sodomy laws.
In 1976, the AMA began encouraging all public facilities to have handicap access.
1981–2000
The AMA released a survey in 1981 that found two short-term effects of dioxin on humans and recommended further studies. By 1983, the AMA accused the news media of conducting a "witch hunt" against the toxic chemical and launched a public information campaign to counter media hysteria.
In the early 1980s, the AMA advocated for raising the national legal drinking age to 21.
The Supreme Court of the United States upheld Federal Trade Commission order that allowed doctors and dentists to advertise without professional associations interfering in 1982. The order restrained the AMA from obstructing agreements between physicians and health maintenance organizations.
In May 1983, the Journal of the American Medical Association published a report that reviewed cases of childhood AIDS.
The AMA called for a ban on advertising and promotion of all tobacco products in any form of media. The AMA also proposed declaring snuff and chewing tobacco a health hazard, increasing the tax on cigarettes, prohibiting smoking on public transportation and urged medical facilities to ban smoking on their premises.
A Federal district judge ruled that the AMA had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1987 by depriving chiropractors of access to the Association. The lawsuit, filed by four chiropractors, accused AMA of conspiring to prevent chiropractors from practicing in the United States.
In 1990, AMA published Health Access America, which proposed improved access to affordable health care for citizens without healthcare insurance.
The Journal of the American Medical Association first documented that Joe Camel cartoons reached more children than adults in December 1991. The Association called for the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to stop using the Joe Camel character in its advertising because of its appeal to youth.
In 1995, Lonnie R. Bristow became the first African-American president of the American Medical Association. Before he became president, Bristow was the first African-American member of the board of trustees and first African-American chairman of the board.
In 1996, the AMA campaigned against health plan "gag clauses", which prohibited doctors from discussing with their patients treatments not covered by the plan, stating that the stipulations inhibit the communication of information and restrict the care doctors can give their patients. The clauses were removed from the contracts of five leading providers, and laws prohibiting such clauses were passed in 16 states.
In 1997, the AMA established the National Patient Safety Foundation as an independent, nonprofit research and education organization focused on patient safety.
In 1997, the AMA lobbied Congress to restrict the number of doctors that could be trained in the United States, claiming that, "The United States is on the verge of a serious oversupply of physicians."
Nancy W. Dickey was named president of the American Medical Association in June 1998. She was the first woman to head the organization and had been part of AMA's leadership since 1977.
2000–present
In 2002, the American Medical Association released a report that found a medical liability insurance crisis in at least a dozen states was forcing physicians to either close practices or limit services. The association called for Congress to take action and campaigned for national reform.
The American Medical Association launched the "Voice for the Uninsured" campaign in 2007 to promote coverage for uninsured citizens.
In 2007, AMA called for state and federal agencies to investigate potential conflicts of interest between the retail clinics and pharmacy chains.
The American Medical Association issued a formal apology for previous policies that excluded African-Americans from the organization and announced increased efforts to increase minority physician participation in the AMA in 2008.
In 2009, the American Medical Association released a public letter to the United States Congress and President Barack Obama endorsing his proposed overhaul to the public health care system, including universal health coverage. The following year, it offered "qualified support" for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
The AMA officially recognized obesity as a disease in 2013 in an attempt to change how the medical community approaches the issue. In 2014, the Association created the AMA Opioid Task Force to evaluate prescription opioid use and abuse. The American Medical Association supported the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015, which introduced Medicare reforms and replaced the SGR formula with increased Medicare physician reimbursement.
In 2015, the AMA declared there is no medically valid reason to exclude transgender individuals from serving in the U.S. military. The Human Rights Campaign lauded the decision.
The Association announced its opposition to replacing the federal health care law in March 2017, claiming millions of Americans would lose health care coverage.
Patrice A. Harris, MD, MA, a psychiatrist from Atlanta, became the AMA's 174th president in June 2019, the organization's first African-American woman to hold this position.
Policy positions
The AMA has one of the largest political lobbying budgets of any organization in the United States. Its political positions throughout its history have often been controversial. In the 1930s, the AMA attempted to prohibit its members from working for the health maintenance organizations established during the Great Depression, which violated the Sherman Antitrust Act and resulted in a conviction ultimately affirmed by the US Supreme Court. In the 1940s, the AMA opposed President Truman's proposed healthcare reforms, which would have expanded healthcare facilities in low-income and rural communities, bolstered public health services, increased investments in medical research and education, and provided a national health insurance plan to help relieve the burden of excessive healthcare bills from sick persons. The AMA condemned Truman's plan as "socialized medicine."
The American Medical Association's vehement campaign against Medicare in the 1950s and 1960s included Operation Coffee Cup, supported by Ronald Reagan. Since the enactment of Medicare, the AMA reversed its position and now opposes any "cut to Medicare funding or shift [of] increased costs to beneficiaries at the expense of the quality or accessibility of care". However, the AMA remains opposed to any single-payer health care plan, such as the Medicare for All Act. In the 1990s, the organization was part of the coalition that defeated the health care reform advanced by Hillary and Bill Clinton.
The AMA has also supported changes in medical malpractice law to limit damage awards, which, it contends, makes it difficult for patients to find appropriate medical care. In many states, high risk specialists have moved to other states that have enacted reform. For example, in 2004, all neurosurgeons had relocated out of the entire southern half of Illinois. The main legislative emphasis in multiple states has been to effect caps on the amount that patients can receive for pain and suffering. These costs for pain and suffering are only those that exceed the actual costs of healthcare and lost income. At the same time however, states without caps also experienced similar results, suggesting that other market factors may have contributed to the decreases. Some economic studies have found that caps have historically had an uncertain effect on premium rates. A recent report by the AMA found that, in a 12-month period, five percent of physicians had claims filed against them.
The AMA sponsors the Specialty Society Relative Value Scale Update Committee, which is an influential group of 29 physicians, mostly specialists, who help determine the value of different physicians' labor in Medicare prices.
Lobbying
Between 1998 and 2020, the association has spent an average of $18 million annually on lobbying efforts. In the first quarter of 2021, they reported $6.36 million in lobbying expenses.
Position on racism
In 2021, the AMA published a plan to dismantle "structural racism" which would encourage "explicit conversations about power, racism, gender and class oppression, forms of discrimination and exclusion", and utilize critical race theory. Its "Advancing Health Equity: A Guide to Language, Narrative and Concepts" document asked "questions about language and commonly used phrases and terms, with the goal of cultivating awareness about dominant narratives and offering equity-based, equity-explicit, and person-first alternatives."
In an AMA podcast in 2021, the host "questioned whether structural racism exists", and tweeted "No physician is racist". This led to the resignation of the deputy editor of JAMA, and its editor being suspended.
Political donations
The association has donated between $1.6 million and $3.4 million in election cycles between 1990 and 2020. Their distributions have varied from near parity for both Democrats and Republicans to heavily favoring Republican candidates at 75% in the 1996 and 2004 elections.
Between 1990 and 2020, the majority of contributions came from PAC money.
Criticism
During the Civil Rights Movement, the American Medical Association's policy of allowing its constituent groups to be racially segregated in areas with widespread prejudice faced opposition from doctors as well as other healthcare professionals. Pressure from organizations such as the Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR) resulted in changed policies by the late 1960s.
Nobel Memorial Prize-winning economist Milton Friedman as well as his wife, Rose Friedman, have claimed that the organization acts as a guild and has attempted to increase physicians' wages and fees by influencing limitations on the supply of physicians and competition from non-physicians. In the book Free to Choose, the Friedmans stated that "the AMA has engaged in extensive litigation charging chiropractors and osteopathic physicians with the unlicensed practice of medicine, in an attempt to restrict them to as narrow an area as possible." The AMA was also criticized for holding up licensing of foreign-trained medical professionals after Adolf Hitler came to power, who were fleeing to the U.S. from Nazi-controlled Germany and adjacent nations. Profession and Monopoly also criticized the AMA for limiting the supply of physicians and inflating the cost of medical care in the U.S as well as its influence on hospital regulation. In a 1987 antitrust court case, a federal district judge called the AMA's behavior toward chiropractors "systematic, long-term wrongdoing". The AMA was accused of limiting the associations between physicians and chiropractors. In the 1960s and 1970s, the association's Committee on Quackery was said to have targeted the chiropractic profession, and for many years the AMA held that it was unethical for physicians to refer patients to chiropractors or to receive referrals from chiropractors.
In October 2020, the association used Twitter and Facebook to publicly oppose scope of practice creep, where non-physicians are permitted to provide healthcare services without physician oversight. The posts were removed the same day and the AMA commented that they were committed to "team-based healthcare guided by a physician" to "optimize patient outcomes." The American Academy of Physician Assistants published a letter expressing their frustration at the social media posts. Rebekah Bernard from the conservative advocacy group Physicians for Patient Protection publicly criticized the AMA for retracting their social media posts.
Structure
The AMA is composed of policy discussion groups that meet twice a year for an annual meeting and an Interim meeting. Within the AMA, there are sections that include Medical Students, Resident and Fellows, Academic physicians, Medical School Deans and Faculty, Physicians in group practice setting, Retired and Senior Physicians, International Medical graduates, Woman physicians, Physician Diversity and Minority health, GLBT, USAN, AMA board of Trustees, Foundation and Council. External organizations, called AMA member organizations, come to these meetings by sending representatives. Representatives come from a state, specialty or the federal services/government service medical societies.
See also
AMA Foundation Leadership Award
AMA Manual of Style
AMA Scientific Achievement Award
American Association of Physicians and Surgeons
American Dental Association
American Medical Student Association
American Osteopathic Association
George H. Simmons
JAMA Pediatrics
List of journals published by the American Medical Association
National Physicians Alliance
Physicians for a National Health Program
C. A. L. Reed
References
External links
Organizations established in 1847
Medical and health professional associations in Chicago
1847 establishments in Pennsylvania
Medical associations based in the United States
Professional associations based in the United States
501(c)(6) nonprofit organizations
Lobbying organizations in the United States |
Alan Lynch (born 22 January 1954) is a former Australian rules footballer and middle-distance runner who played with Geelong West in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) and both Footscray and Richmond in the same Victorian Football League (VFL) season.
A member of Geelong West's 1975 premiership winning side, Lynch followed coach Bill Goggin to Footscray when Goggin was appointed coach in 1976. However, midway through the season, after playing five games for Footscray, four of which were as a reserve, he transferred to Richmond. He only played a further two games for Richmond in 1976, the last VFL games of his career. He then went on to play for Beaufort and Geelong Football Clubs, winning Geelong's reserves team best and fairest award in 1980. Geelong West appointed him coach in 1986 and he led the club until June, when he resigned for business reasons.
Commonly known as Dizzy, he competed for many years at the Stawell Gift, mainly in the one- and two-mile events. He won six races, three consecutive two-miles between 1980 and 1982 as well as the one-mile in 1980, 1981 and 1987. He has been inducted into the Stawell Hall of Fame as a legend.
References
External links
1954 births
Geelong West Football Club players
Western Bulldogs players
Richmond Football Club players
Beaufort Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Australian male middle-distance runners
Living people |
Lữ Anh Tuấn (born 4 October 1947) stage name Tuấn Ngọc is a Vietnamese singer. His first album appeared in 1990 and over the following 20 years, he has released 20 more albums, becoming one of the most recognised singers on Vietnamese TV.
Biography
Tuấn Ngọc was born in Da Lat, Vietnam; in an artistic-traditioned family. His siblings are all well-known singers in Vietnam during the 1990s, including singer Khánh Hà (1952). He start singing at the age of 4, when he sang in children's radio programs. At the age of 13, he followed older artists to sing at American clubs during its sparse period in Saigon.
By the end of 1960s, when the movement of young music flourished, Tuấn Ngọc began performing English songs, from which he gained popularity. By the early 1970s, he participated in the two biggest bands at that time, The Strawberry Four and The Top Five.
After 1975, Tuấn Ngọc left his home country and settled in Southern California. Some time later he moved to Hawaii and performed for many clubs and hotels here. By the mid-1980s he returned to California and began to succeed. In 1994, he married oversea singer Thái Thảo.
Tuấn Ngọc is famous for his lyrical songs. Throughout his career, he has gained appreciation from the professionals as well as the admiration of the music-loving public Trịnh Công Sơn considers Tuấn Ngọc as the best male vocalist among artists singing his songs. In the 2000s, he is considered by many people as a "monumental" male vocalist of Vietnamese new music. Many singers from later generations have cited him as an influence, including Quang Dũng, Trần Thái Hòa.
He recently returned to Vietnam to perform periodically and recorded two albums: "Hãy Yêu Nhau Đi 2" and "Chiều nay không có em". His first official concert took place in early April 2006 at Sheraton Saigon Hotel with about 500 audiences. In 2013, his liveshow In the Spotlight Program No. 1: Private Corner took place over three nights at Hanoi Opera House.
In 2019, he became a coach in The Voice of Vietnam.
Discography
Lời Gọi Chân Mây (Diễm Xưa), 1989
Chuyện tình buồn (Làng Văn CD 15), 1990
Thương ai (Mai Productions), 1992, with Ý Lan
Môi nào hãy còn thơm (Diễm xưa CD 57), 1993, with Trịnh Vĩnh Trinh
Giọt lệ cho ngàn sau, a collection of love songs by Từ Công Phụng (1994)
Ngày đó chúng mình / Tình ca Phạm Duy (Khánh Hà CD 21), with Khánh Hà
Em ngủ trong một mùa đông (Diễm xưa CD 62), a collection of love songs by Đăng Khánh
Rong rêu
Mưa trên vùng tóc rối, 1999, a collection of love songs by Lê Xuân Trường
Lối về (Bích Thu Vân CD 1), with Cẩm Vân
Em đi như chiều đi (Bích Thu Vân CD 2)
Đừng bỏ em một mình (Bích Thu Vân CD 3), with Ý Lan
Đêm thấy ta là thác đổ (Bích Thu Vân CD 4), 15 love songs by Trịnh Công Sơn
Lá đổ muôn chiều
Phôi pha
Riêng một góc trời
Tâm sự gởi về đâu
Hoài cảm, with Thái Hiền
Tình yêu, with Thanh Hà
Đi giữa mọi người để nhớ một người, 2001
Dù nghìn năm qua đi
Bến lỡ, với Ý Lan, a collection of love songs by Hoàng Ngọc Ẩn
Lời yêu thương, with Ý Lan
Sao đổi ngôi, 2002, tình khúc Bảo Trường, with Ý Lan
Collection Và tôi mãi yêu em – Trên bờ môi dấu yêu (Asia CD 172 : The best of Tuấn Ngọc, 4 CD), 2002
Hãy yêu nhau đi Vol. 2, 2005
Tình cuốn mây ngàn, 2005, with Quang Dũng
Chiều nay không có em
Riêng Một Góc Trời, TNCD611 (2019)
References
External links
Tuấn Ngọc Official Website Tuấn Ngọc Productions.
Tuấn Ngọc .
Tuan Ngoc on Doligo Music.
20th-century Vietnamese male singers
1947 births
Living people
People from Da Lat
Vietnamese Roman Catholics
Vietnamese emigrants to the United States
21st-century Vietnamese male singers |
Compton Verney Art Gallery is an art gallery at Compton Verney, England. It is housed in Compton Verney House, a restored Grade I listed 18th-century mansion surrounded by of parkland which was landscaped by Lancelot 'Capability' Brown.
Overview
The Art Gallery is home to six permanent collections including Neapolitan art from 1600 to 1800; Northern European medieval art from 1450 to 1650; British portraits including paintings of Henry VIII, Elizabeth I and Edward VI and works by Joshua Reynolds; Chinese bronzes including objects from the Neolithic and Shang periods; British folk art; and the Enid Marx/Margaret Lambert Collection of folk art from around the world which inspired the textile designs of 20th century artist Enid Marx.
History
In 1993, the Peter Moores Foundation (PMF) bought the site, including the near-derelict mansion, and gifted it to the specially-created charitable trust Compton Verney House Trust (CVHT).
Following a £45 million building project to restore the Grade-I listed Georgian mansion and add a Stanton Williams designed modern wing to house exhibition spaces and visitor facilities, Compton Verney staged a preview season in 1998 on the newly restored ground floor rooms, showcasing the important British Folk Art Collection, which the PMF had already bought from collector Andras Kalman.
Following this Compton Verney continued to engage with people in the local area via a series of outreach projects and art installations within the grounds.
Compton Verney fully opened to the public as a major, nationally accredited art gallery in March 2004.
The special exhibitions programme offers both historic and contemporary shows and is designed to appeal to a wide audience.
Art exhibitions
The following art exhibitions have been held:
2000
Anya Gallaccio and Simon Patterson were commissioned to make new work for the Compton Verney grounds.
2001
Folk Art in Village Halls - Compton Verney took the British Folk Art Collection on a tour around South Warwickshire as part of Museums and Galleries Month
John Frankland: Untitled Boulder – a vast climbing boulder within the 18th-century 'Capability' Brown landscape.
Tim Brennan: Three Manoeuvres - Brennan's 'manoeuvres' take the form of journeys and walks. Using the model of the historical guided tour, Brennan devised a series of walks in response to the transient state of Compton Verney
Marcus Coates: CB3CV ChiffChaff - Coates is particularly interested in the relationship between animals and humans. GB3CV ChiffChaff was an attempt to search for parallels between the communication systems of wild birds and amateur radio enthusiasts
2002
John Kippin: Beauty Harmony Truth: Navigating the English Country House
2003
Jacqueline Donachie, Ben Sadler, Graham Parker, Matthew Thompson: 'Walkabout' – a series of artists' walks inspired by the local area
Aleksandra Mir: Plane Landing - Working in partnership with Cameron Balloons in Bristol, Mir created a giant inflatable plane (20 m by 15 m) that hovered above the grounds of Compton Verney as if about to land.
Keith Wilson: Cattle Market – a series of temporary sculptures created for the grounds of Compton Verney.
Bob and Roberta Smith: Mobile Reality Creator
2004
Peter Greenaway: Luper – re-visited the setting of Greenaway's 1982 film The Draughtsman's Contract, a baroque thriller played out against the backdrop of a country house.
2005
Only Make Believe: Ways of Playing – the work of Francis Alÿs, Ida Applebroog, Clive Barker, Hans Bellmer, Christian Boltanski, Mat Collishaw, Dorothy Cross, Adam Dant, Henry Darger, Erno Goldfinger, Roger Hilton, Joan Jonas, Glenn Kaino, Wassily Kandinsky, Zbigniew Libera, Melissa McGill, Wendy McMurdo, Annette Messager, Piet Mondrian, The Brothers Quay, Paula Rego, Gerrit Rietveld, Laurie Simmons, Kiki Smith, Monika Sosnowska, Jo Stockham, Richard Wentworth, Sarah Woodfine and Kumi Yamashita
Salvator Rosa: Wild Landscapes
The American West – works by: Charles M. Russell, Arthur Tait, Charles Schreyvogel and Alfred Jacob Miller; nineteenth-century Plains Indian Ledger drawings; work by Indian prisoners, and Native North American artists including Minerva Cuevas, Kent Monkman, Edward Poitras, James Luna and Cisco Jimenez. Interpretations on the theme by Ed Ruscha, Elaine Reichek, Luigi Ontani and Ed Kienholz were also included
Luc Tymans: The Go Between
Susan Hiller: The J Street Project
2006
Francis Bacon and Franz Xaver Messerschmidt
Van Gogh and Britain: Pioneer Collectors
The Starry Messenger: Visions of the Universe
Richard Billingham: Zoo
Vive La Parisienne: Women through the eyes of the Impressionists
Liz Rideal: Fall, River, Snow
2007
Opulance and Anxiety: Landscape Paintings from the Royal Academy of Arts
Kate Whiteford: Airfield
The Shadow. Included artists: Doug Aitken, Laurie Anderson, Christian Boltanski, Ceal Floyer, Mona Hatoum, Gary Hill, Tracey Moffatt, Anri Sala, Fiona Tan, Andy Warhol, William Wegman and Francesca Woodman
Georges de La Tour: Master of Candelight
The Naked Portrait 1900–2007
2008
James Coleman
Alberto Giacometti
The Fabric of Myth. Including artists: Delaine le Bas, Joseph Beuys, Louise Bourgeois, William Holman Hunt, Alice Kettle, Henry Moore, Elaine Reichek, Bispo do Rosário, Tilleke Schwarz and Michelle Walker
Special Display – Portraits from Chequers: Kings, Queens and Revolutionaries
Jack B. Yeats – Masquerade and Spectacle: The Circus and Traveling Fair
2009
Fatal Attraction: Diana and Actaeon – The Forbidden Gaze
Georgian Portraits: Seeing is Believing
Constable Portraits: The Painter and His Circle
The Artists Studio – works by: J. M. W. Turner, Eric Ravilious, Gwen John, Paula Rego, Lisa Milroy and Jeremy Deller.
2010
Francis Bacon: In Camera
Volcano: Turner to Warhol – works by: Joseph Wright, J. M. W. Turner and Andy Warhol
Kurt Tong: In Case it Rains in Heaven
Artists Christmas Cards: Vintage designs from the 1930s to the 1950s
2011
Alfred Wallis and Ben Nicholson
Wool Work: A Sailors Art
What the Folk say: Contemporary Artist interventions
Stanley Spencer and the English Garden
'Capability' Brown and the landscapes of Middle England
Quentin Blake: As Large as Life
Remember, remember: A history of fireworks in Britain
2012
Into the light: French and British painting from Impressionism to the early 1920s – works by: Vanessa Bell, Eugène Boudin, Paul Cézanne, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Walter Sickert, Alfred Sisley, Alexander Stanhope Forbes and Philip Wilson Steer.
Gainsborough's Landscapes: Themes and Variations
Flight and the Artistic Imagination – works by: Leonardo da Vinci, Henri Matisse, Paul Nash, Peter Lanyon and Hiraki Sawa.
Tapestry: Weaving the century at Dovecot Studios 1912-2012
2013
Bellini, Botticelli, Titan...500 years of Italian Art – works by: Giovanni Bellini, Sandro Botticelli, Titian, Salvator Rosa and Francesco Guardi.
Outside In: Central – part of a national project based at Pallant House Gallery, which supports artists who find it difficult to access the art world.
Empty Nest by Hillary Jack
Turner and Constable: Sketching from Nature – works from the Tate collection.
Re-Viewing the landscape: A contemporary response. Including works by: Sarah Woodfine, George Shaw and Paul Ryan.
A Fantastical Animal Alphabet: Marco's Animal Alphabet
Curious Beasts: Animal prints from the British Museum
2014
Moore Rodin – organised in collaboration with the Henry Moore Foundation and Musée Rodin, Paris
Art from Ammunition: Trench art from the First World War
British Folk Art Exhibition – organised with Tate Britain
2015
The Nonconformists: photographs by Martin Parr - organised in collaboration with La Fabrica, Madrid.
Canaletto - Celebrating Britain
The National Gallery's Masterpiece Display - The National Gallery’s Masterpiece Tour for 2015
The Hart Silversmiths: A Living Tradition - organised in collaboration with The University of Warwick and The Hart Silversmiths Trust
The Arts & Crafts House: Then and Now
Periodic Tales
Location
Compton Verney Art Gallery is situated on the B4086 between the villages of Kineton and Wellesbourne.
Stratford-upon-Avon lies northwest of Compton Verney, with Warwick and Leamington to the north.
The nearest railway stations to Compton Verney Art Gallery are: Warwick Parkway about , Leamington Spa and Banbury
It is from junction 12 of the M40 motorway and is also close to Birmingham Airport.
See also
Compton Verney House
References
External links
2004 establishments in England
Art museums established in 2004
Art museums and galleries in Warwickshire
Folk art museums and galleries
Art Gallery |
Ladislaus of Ilok (in Latin sources Ladislaus de Wylak, de Illoch, de Voilack, , ; born c. mid-14th century – died 1418) was a Croato–Hungarian nobleman, a member of the Iločki noble family (). He held the dignity of Ban of Macsó (Mačva) (1402–1403 and 1410–1418), as well as župan (ispán, count) of Baranya, Bodrog, Srijem, Vukovar and Tolna in the associated kingdoms Hungary and Croatia.
Biography
He was born in the mid-14th century as the son of Bartol II (Bartholomew) of Ilok (†1393). He had a brother, Mirko (Emeric) (†1419). First mentioned in 1395 in a document issued by Nitra Cathedral chapter house, Ladislaus was the owner of Lack estate at the village of Gamás in Somogy County (southwestern Hungary). In 1400 he moved, together with his brother, to Palota in Veszprém County. Ladislaus was appointed as Ban of Macsó by King Sigismund of Luxembourg in September 1402. He served in this capacity alongside John Maróti. During the period of dynastic struggles between Ladislaus of Naples and Sigismund of Luxembourg at the beginning of the 15th century, which sparked into a nationwide rebellion against the monarch in 1403, Ladislaus, retaining his position, sided with Ladislaus of Naples, but, after Sigismund's victory, he swore loyalty and reconciled with the King. He became one of ten barons to be members of Sigismund's Curia, the King's Council. Ladislaus was granted amnesty upon the intervention of Nicholas Garai and the payment of 12,000 golden florins to the royal treasury.
The brothers Ladislaus and Emeric served as Bans of Macsó from 1410 to 1418. Besides their dignity in the royal court, the brothers served as župan/župan (ispán, count) of Baranya, Bodrog, Srijem, Tolna and Vukovar County. Ladislaus' seat was in Ilok (Újlak) and Orahovica (Raholca). He also possessed the castle of Galgóc in Nyitra County (present-day Hlohovec in Slovakia).
His wife was Ana Štiborić (Stiboricz), a daughter of Štibor Štiborić, who was a powerful aristocrat of Polish origin, Voivode of Transylvania and a close friend of King Sigismund. The couple had five children: Ivan III (John), Stjepan III (Stephen), Petar (Peter), Pavao (Paul) and Nikola V (Nicholas), but not all of them reached adulthood. Ladislaus was last mentioned in documents in February 1418 (his brother Emeric appears as sole Ban of Macsó in contemporary records already in April 1418). He was succeeded by his surviving sons Stjepan III and Nikola V.
References
Sources
External links
Ladislaus of Ilok biography
Ladislaus in the House of Ilok family tree
The activities of the brothers Ladislav and Mirko Iločki and their contribution to the construction of Ilok as their residence
Ladislaus' wife Anna and her 'Polish' influence upon the Dukes of Ilok heraldic heritage
List of Bans of Mačva (Macso)
Ladislaus
14th-century Croatian nobility
15th-century Croatian nobility
15th-century Hungarian nobility
Medieval Croatian nobility
Iločki, Ladislav
Iločki, Ladislav
History of Slavonia
History of Syrmia
Bans of Macsó
14th-century births
1418 deaths
Year of birth uncertain |
Eliza Ann McIntosh Reid (October 30, 1841 — January 8, 1926) was a Canadian churchworker and clubwoman, and an advocate for women's rights.
Early life
Eliza Ann McIntosh was born in Montreal, Quebec, the daughter of Nicholas C. McIntosh and Margaret Brown McIntosh. Her parents were from Montrose, Angus in Scotland; her father was a cabinetmaker. The McIntoshs were members of the Unitarian Church from early in Eliza's life.
Two of Eliza Ann McIntosh's sisters married to George Washington Stephens, Sr., and George Washington Stephens, Jr. was her nephew. Her sister Frances McIntosh Stephens and another nephew were lost in the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915.
Career
Eliza Ann McIntosh Reid was a leader in the Montreal Unitarian Church for decades, as director of the church's Unity Club and founder (in 1898) of the church's Young People's Alliance. She and her husband raised funds towards the building of the Church of the Messiah, and Eliza Ann Reid was on the board of managers for the new church. "So much of her life was lived for the church and so much of the inspiration of her many outside good works had its source in the church and in the life of the free spirit for which it stands," noted her daughter.
In 1892, Reid held a meeting at her home and there founded the Montreal Woman's Club, one of Canada's first women's organizations. She was the organization's president for its first ten years. She was also one of the founders and leaders of the Montreal Council of Women. Reid took an interest in a range of reform issues, from parks and playgrounds to temperance, public health, and immigration policy. She served on the board of directors of the Victorian Order of Nurses in Montreal in the 1920s.
Personal life
Eliza Ann McIntosh married Scottish-born stone carver Robert Reid in 1867. They had four children born between 1868 and 1878. With Eliza's active support, daughter Helen Richmond Young Reid was in the first class of women to enroll at McGill University. Robert Reid died in 1919; in widowhood Eliza Ann Reid lived with her daughters until her own death in 1926. There was a Reid Room at the Church of the Messiah, named for Eliza and Helen Reid, until the building was destroyed in 1987.
References
External links
An 1862 photograph of Eliza McIntosh as a young woman, in the collection of the McCord Museum.
Canadian feminists
1841 births
1926 deaths
19th-century Canadian women
20th-century Canadian women
Clubwomen |
Kenny Burrell Live at the Village Vanguard is a live album by guitarist Kenny Burrell recorded at the Village Vanguard in late 1978 and released on the Muse label. The album was rereleased on CD along with Kenny Burrell in New York as 12-15-78.
Reception
The Allmusic review called it a "among the finest Burrell recorded in the '70s".
Track listing
"Second Balcony Jump" (Billy Eckstine, Gerald Valentine) – 5:51
"Willow Weep for Me" (Ann Ronell) – 6:50
"Work Song" (Nat Adderley) – 4:25
"Woody 'n' You" (Dizzy Gillespie) – 7:31
The Introduction by Kenny Burrell of Max Gordon, Village Vanguard – 1:05
"In the Still of the Night" (Cole Porter) – 9:09
"Medley: Don't You Know I Care?/Love You Madly" (Duke Ellington) – 6:38
"It's Getting Dark" (Kenny Burrell) – 5:30
Personnel
Kenny Burrell – electric guitar
Larry Gales – bass
Sherman Ferguson – drums
References
Kenny Burrell live albums
1980 live albums
Muse Records live albums
Albums recorded at the Village Vanguard |
The Zimbabwe Music Awards (ZIMA) is an annual award ceremony to acknowledge and honor musical excellence and creativity in Zimbabwean music.
References
External links
https://zimmusicawards.co.zw
Zimbabwean music
African music awards
Zimbabwean music awards |
NUCCA is an acronym for the National Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association. It was founded in 1966 by chiropractor Ralph Gregory and based primarily upon the work he and John Grostic had performed before Grostic's death in 1964. The new style of upper cervical adjusting technique was taught in 1966 at the first NUCCA seminar, which was held at the Howard Johnson Motel in Monroe, Michigan.
Technique
NUCCA focuses on the upper vertebrae in the neck and uses pre and post X-rays to correct misalignments of the upper spine. The method uses double-pivot-point X-ray analysis, the "development of the triceps pull manual adjustment" and "design and development of the Anatometer posture distortion measuring instrument". Unlike other chiropractic techniques, NUCCA does not use manual adjustments and does not involve twisting or popping.
Literature
Upper Cervical Research Foundation
The research branch of NUCCA, the Upper Cervical Research Foundation (UCRF), was established in 1971 and has been studying the link between the NUCCA work, the upper cervical spine and optimal well–being.
The Upper Cervical Monograph
The Monograph was started in March 1973 to share articles of the technical aspects of NUCCA, reports on NUCCA research and chiropractic in general.
NUCCA and Blood Pressure
In 2007 NUCCA published Atlas vertebra realignment and achievement of arterial pressure goal in hypertensive patients: a pilot study. The study design used was randomized, double blind, with a placebo control.
The results of the study showed no adverse effects with marked and sustained reductions in blood pressure similar to the use of two blood-pressure medications given in combination.
NUCCA and Migraines
In 2015 NUCCA published a study on migraine sufferers performed at the University of Calgary. The study used a supine phase contrast MRI to track venous and arterial flow in and out of the brain, as well as the fluid dynamics of cerebral spinal fluid.
Subjects were examined by a neurologist and completed baseline migraine-specific outcomes. The presence of atlas misalignment allowed study inclusion, permitting baseline MRI data collection.
The Subject were re-evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks and revealed clinically significant improvement in symptoms with a decrease in headache days.
References
External links
Upper Cervical Research Foundation website
The Ralph R. Gregory Memorial Foundation Canada Website
Chiropractic organizations
Organizations established in 1966
1966 establishments in Michigan |
Valdenebro is a municipality located in the province of Soria, in Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2017 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 114 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Soria |
Percy Wilfred "Red" Griffiths (March 30, 1893 – June 12, 1983) was an American football player and coach and politician. He played college football at Pennsylvania State College—now known as Pennsylvania State University and professionally for one season in the National Football League (NFL) with the Canton Bulldogs. Griffiths was the head football coach at Marietta College in Marietta, Ohio from 1921 to 1926 and Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania from 1929 to 1930, compiling a career college football coaching record of 16–41–10. He was the mayor of Marietta, Ohio from 1938 and 1939 and served three terms in the United States House of Representatives, representing Ohio's 15th congressional district from 1943 to 1949.
Early life and playing career
After serving in the United States Navy during World War I, "Red" Griffiths attended Bloomsburg Normal School. He moved on to Pennsylvania State College where he played college football as a guard for Hugo Bezdek's undefeated 1920 team. Griffith was named to the 1920 College Football All-America Team. He also lettered in lacrosse for the Nittany Lions and earned a Bachelor of Science in chemistry from Penn State in 1921. He played one professional season (1921) with the Canton Bulldogs of the National Football League (NFL).
Coaching career
Marietta
Griffiths was the athletic director and coached football, basketball and baseball at Marietta College in Marietta, Ohio from 1921 to 1927. He coached football at Marietta from 1921 until the end of the 1926 season, accumulating a record of 14–28–7. While at Marietta, he also coached men's basketball from 1922 until 1927.
Dickinson
Griffiths was the 21st head football coach at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, serving for two seasons, from 1929 to 1930, and compiling a record of 2–13–3.
Political career and later life
Griffiths continued his education at Columbia University, graduating in 1930. He served as Marietta's mayor from 1938 to 1939 and later represented Washington County, Ohio and Ohio's 15th congressional district in the 78th, 79th, and 80th U.S. Congresses (1943–1949). Griffiths retired to Clearwater, Florida in 1952, where he lived until his death at the age of 90, in 1983.
References
External links
1893 births
1983 deaths
20th-century American politicians
American athlete-politicians
American football guards
United States Navy personnel of World War I
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
Bloomsburg Huskies football players
Canton Bulldogs players
Columbia University alumni
Dickinson Red Devils football coaches
Marietta Pioneers athletic directors
Marietta Pioneers baseball coaches
Marietta Pioneers football coaches
Marietta Pioneers men's basketball coaches
Mayors of places in Ohio
Penn State Nittany Lions football coaches
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
Penn State Nittany Lions men's lacrosse players
People from Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Marietta, Ohio
Lacrosse players from Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Marietta, Ohio
United States Navy sailors
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio |
NGC 861 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Triangulum. It is estimated to be 360 million light-years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 165,000 light-years. The object was discovered on September 18, 1865 by Heinrich d'Arrest.
See also
List of NGC objects (1–1000)
References
0861
Spiral galaxies
Triangulum
008652 |
Jean Saint-Josse (born 22 March 1944 in Coarraze, Pyrénées-Atlantiques) is a French politician and former member of the Rally for the Republic (RPR), he is the leader of the ruralist Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Traditions (CPNT) party.
In the 2002 presidential election he won 4.23% as candidate of CPNT. He is a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP).
References
1944 births
Living people
People from Béarn
Rally for the Republic MEPs
MEPs for France 1999–2004
Candidates in the 2002 French presidential election
Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Traditions politicians
Mayors of places in Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
Galanter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Eugene Galanter, academic and psychologist
Marc Galanter, legal scholar
Marc Galanter (psychiatrist), American psychiatrist
Mareva Galanter, French actress
Neil Galanter, pianist
Ruth Galanter, Californian politician
Yale Galanter, US attorney |
The Liechtensteinische Landesbibliothek (in English: Liechtenstein State Library) is the legal deposit and copyright library for Liechtenstein.
Legal basis and tasks
The Liechtenstein State Library, locally known as the State Library, was established by law in 1961 by the National Library Foundation. The State Library possesses a legal depository. Aside from forming the library itself, the National Library Foundation also provides librarians’ commissions. The governing board members are appointed by the national government, which also acts as the supervisory body of the Foundation.
The State Teachers Library, founded in 1906, was incorporated as a separate department via elected decision by the teachers’ conference three-member Commission and also by the State Board of Education.
The Office of the Librarian, which governs the National Library Foundation, amended the statutes for the separation. The amended statutes changed the roles of the State Library; it now functions as a national library as well as a scientific and public library. As a national library, the State Library collects print materials, pictures and music created by national citizens, as well as items related to Liechtenstein. The State Library also acts as a patent library for Liechtenstein and as such provides access to comprehensive international patent information. The State Library's rules and regulations must follow the current legislation under Liechtenstein's European Economic Area as well as Swiss legislation.
Library inventory
As of 2012, the State Library contained about 250,000 items, with nearly 130,000 loans out to 3,956 library patrons. 2,524 of these patrons are from Liechtenstein and 1,432 people are from the local region. In 1999, the State Library's online library system joined with Ex Libris’ Aleph 500. This automated tracking system provides the library catalogues for every public library in and outside of the Liechtenstein region. The State Library is an associate member of the Information Network of German Switzerland. In addition, the State Library is participating in the Dandelon.com project, in which the Liechtenstein State Library is scanning their materials for online access; this also includes materials which the University of Liechtenstein donated to the library in 2003.
In August 2012 the State Library mounted Project eLiechtensteinesia, which provides online access to scans of the Yearbook of the Historical Society for the Principality of Liechtenstein, old national newspapers, and other publications from Liechtenstein.
See also
List of libraries in Austria
List of libraries in Germany
References
External links
Official site
Government buildings in Liechtenstein
Culture of Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
Deposit libraries
Libraries in Liechtenstein
Libraries established in 1961 |
1969 UC Davis Aggies football team represented the University of California, Davis as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season. Led by Herb Schmalenberger in his seventh and final season as head coach, the Aggies compiled an overall record of 3–7 with a mark of 0–5 in conference play, placing last out of six teams in the FWC. The team was outscored by its opponents 258 to 192 for the season. The Aggies played home games at Toomey Field in Davis, California.
In the seven years under Schmalenberger, the Aggies compiled an overall record of 28–38, for a winning percentage of .424. Schmalenberger was also the head coach of the swimming team for five seasons, from 1957 to 1962, and the basketball team for one season, in 1957–58, at the school.
The UC Davis sports teams were commonly called the "Cal Aggies" from 1924 until the mid 1970s.
Schedule
NFL Draft
The following UC Davis Aggies players were selected in the 1970 NFL Draft.
References
UC Davis
UC Davis Aggies football seasons
UC Davis Aggies football |
```c++
//
// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// path_to_url
//
// See path_to_url for documentation.
// $Id$
// $Date$
// $Revision$
#include <boost/mpl/bitwise.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/integral_c.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/aux_/test.hpp>
typedef integral_c<unsigned int, 0> _0;
typedef integral_c<unsigned int, 1> _1;
typedef integral_c<unsigned int, 2> _2;
typedef integral_c<unsigned int, 8> _8;
typedef integral_c<unsigned int, 0xffffffff> _ffffffff;
MPL_TEST_CASE()
{
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitand_<_0,_0>::value), ==, 0 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitand_<_1,_0>::value), ==, 0 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitand_<_0,_1>::value), ==, 0 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitand_<_0,_ffffffff>::value), ==, 0 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitand_<_1,_ffffffff>::value), ==, 1 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitand_<_8,_ffffffff>::value), ==, 8 );
}
MPL_TEST_CASE()
{
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitor_<_0,_0>::value), ==, 0 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitor_<_1,_0>::value), ==, 1 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitor_<_0,_1>::value), ==, 1 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( static_cast<long>(bitor_<_0,_ffffffff>::value), ==, static_cast<long>(0xffffffff) );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( static_cast<long>(bitor_<_1,_ffffffff>::value), ==, static_cast<long>(0xffffffff) );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( static_cast<long>(bitor_<_8,_ffffffff>::value), ==, static_cast<long>(0xffffffff) );
}
MPL_TEST_CASE()
{
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitxor_<_0,_0>::value), ==, 0 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitxor_<_1,_0>::value), ==, 1 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (bitxor_<_0,_1>::value), ==, 1 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( static_cast<long>(bitxor_<_0,_ffffffff>::value), ==, static_cast<long>(0xffffffff ^ 0) );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( static_cast<long>(bitxor_<_1,_ffffffff>::value), ==, static_cast<long>(0xffffffff ^ 1) );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( static_cast<long>(bitxor_<_8,_ffffffff>::value), ==, static_cast<long>(0xffffffff ^ 8) );
}
MPL_TEST_CASE()
{
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (shift_right<_0,_0>::value), ==, 0 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (shift_right<_1,_0>::value), ==, 1 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (shift_right<_1,_1>::value), ==, 0 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (shift_right<_2,_1>::value), ==, 1 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (shift_right<_8,_1>::value), ==, 4 );
}
MPL_TEST_CASE()
{
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (shift_left<_0,_0>::value), ==, 0 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (shift_left<_1,_0>::value), ==, 1 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (shift_left<_1,_1>::value), ==, 2 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (shift_left<_2,_1>::value), ==, 4 );
MPL_ASSERT_RELATION( (shift_left<_8,_1>::value), ==, 16 );
}
``` |
Pancham is the fifth svara from the seven svaras of Hindustani music and Carnatic music. Pancham is the long form of the syllable प. For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Pancham is pronounced as Pa (notation - P). It is also called as पंचम in the Devanagri script.
Details
The following is the information about Panchama and its importance in Indian classical music :
Pancham is the fifth svara in an octave or Saptak.
Pancham is the immediate next svara of Madhyam (Ma).
The svara of Pancham is never or , it is always in any given raga just like the svara Shadja.
It is said that Shadja is the basic svara from which all the other 6 svaras are produced. When we break the word Shadja then we get, Shad And Ja. It means that Shad is 6 and ja is 'giving birth' in Sanskrit. So basically the translation is :
षड् - 6, ज -जन्म. Therefore it collectively means giving birth to the other six notes of the music.
So the svara Pa is formed from Shadja.
The frequency of Pancham is 360 Hz. The frequencies of the seven svaras are also given below: Sa 240 Hz, Re 270 Hz, Ga 300 Hz, Ma 320 Hz, Pa 360 Hz, Dha 400 Hz, and Ni 450 Hz, Sa 480 Hz (Taar Saptak) ........ (and so on).
Consequently, the Pa after the Ma of 640 Hz (Taar Saptak) has a frequency of 720 Hz i.e. the double of the Lower octave Pa.
There are 4 Shruti of Pancham. Previously the main Shruti not only for Pa but for all the other svaras was on the last Shruti but now it is considered to be on the 1st Shurti.
For example, if these are the 4 Shruti's of Pa then,
Previously this was the position of the main Shruti of Pa.
^
1 2 3 4
^
But now this position has become the main Shruti of Pa.
All the other svaras except Shadja (Sa) and Pancham (Pa) can be or but Sa and Pa are always Shuddha svaras. And hence svaras Sa and Pa are called Achal Svaras since these svaras don't move from their original position. Svaras Ra, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni are called Chal Svaras, since these svaras move from their original position.
Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni - Shuddha Svaras
Re, Ga, Dha, Ni - Komal Svaras
Ma -
Ragas where Pa is the Vadi svara - Raga Nat Bhairav, etc. Ragas where Pa is the Samvadi svara - Raga Brindabani Sarang, etc.
Hypothetically speaking, Pa is said to be the Praja, Praja as in, the three main gods, Bhrama, Vishnu and Shiva were first created i.e. Sakar Bhrama (Sa) and then these three gods created Rishimuni i.e. Re and then Gandharvas were created for singing and then lord Indra or Raja Indra i.e. Mahipal was created and once the Mahipal (Raja) or the king was created, the Praja or the common citizens or the people were made. Pa is made the acronym of Praja or the common people for showing the importance of the syllable Pa.
Pancham is said to be sourced from call of the cuckoo.
Pancham is associated with the planet Saturn.
Pancham is associated with Blue or Black colour.
See also
List of Ragas in Hindustani classical music
Svara
Shadja (Sa)
Rishabh (Re)
Gandhar (Ga)
Madhyam (Ma)
Dhaivat (Dha)
Nishad (Ni)
Pa (svara)
References
Hindustani music
Carnatic music |
Santa Mesa is a district in Manila, Philippines. It is surrounded by the Pasig River on the southwestern side, and by the San Juan River on its southern and eastern side. Land borders include the districts of San Miguel to the west and Sampaloc to the north; and to the northeast is Quezon City.
Santa Mesa was formerly a part of the Sampaloc district, from which it was partitioned and separated after it had its own parish in 1911. The parish is now known as Old Sta. Mesa (Poblacion), which extends from Victorino Mapa Street to Magsaysay Boulevard. (formerly known as Santa Mesa Boulevard and Calle Santa Mesa)
Etymology
The district's name comes from the Jesuits, who christened the area Hermandad de Santa Mesa de la Misericordia ("Brotherhood of the Holy Table of Mercy"). The local parish church had for its titular Sacred Heart of Jesus, which formed part of the phrase the "Center of the Table is the Sacred Heart which all Graces and Mercy flowed down." The Tuason family are the landlords of Santa Mesa during the Spanish colonial period offered an obra pía ("pious work"), and provided social services to the people Doña Albina Tuason also donated the Land where the Church is located even right at this modern days.
A more popular folk etymology is that the name is a corruption of the Spanish term Santa Misa ("Holy Mass").
History
Santa Mesa was situated in the alluvial deposits at the confluence of Pasig and San Juan Rivers. It was owned by a Jesuits religious order during the Spanish Era, and it is in this period that Santa Mesa got its name. Santa Mesa is better known for its role in the Philippine–American War, in which the area became a battlefield during the Philippine–American War. The conflict started when Pvt. William W. Grayson shot a Filipino soldier in San Juan Bridge between Santa Mesa and San Juan. In late 2003, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines had determined that the conflict did not happen on San Juan Bridge, but at the juncture of Sociego and Silencio Streets.
Up until the early American period, Santa Mesa was just one of the barrios that comprised Sampaloc, which was a town of the defunct province of Manila before it was absorbed by the city of Manila upon its chartering in 1901. In 1911, Santa Mesa became a separate religious district out of Sampaloc when the first and oldest parish in the Philippines in honor of its Titular Patron, the Sacred Heart of Jesus, was established. The created parish is now known as the Old Santa Mesa, which extended from V. Mapa to Santa Mesa Boulevard. The neighborhood was composed of wealthy and aristocrats Spanish and Filipino families who built summer houses, examples of which are the Sociego Mansion, formerly home of the Tuason Family, and the Carriedo Mansion (currently known as the Antique House in Pureza), formerly home of Governor General Francisco Carriedo y Peredo who spearheaded the clean water system of the City of Manila. Affluent families where attracted to Santa Mesa's cooler climate and the picturesque streets that were lined with ylang-ylang trees along Santa Mesa Boulevard. The abundance of these trees started a perfume industry in Santa Mesa — flowers were harvested, pressed and the oil were exported in great quantities to perfumeries in France.
The small community became the location of the hospital to treat the wounded during World War II. The town experienced its growth after the war. Santa Mesa was the site of a 1950s suburban development because of its proximity to Central Manila. The Santa Mesa Market was constructed around this period. It was a big shopping complex, and became popular for the selling of Post eXchange or PX Goods from U.S. bases in the Philippines that's why it was called Stop & Shop.
When the Congressional Districts of Manila were created, Sta. Mesa was separated from Sampaloc, falling to the jurisdiction of the 6th District. The national census still considers Santa Mesa as a part of Sampaloc for statistical purposes.
Geography
Santa Mesa is located in the eastern section of the City of Manila. It is bounded to the west by Lacson Avenue separating it from San Miguel; by Ramon Magsaysay Boulevard to the north bordering it from Sampaloc. The northeast boundary of Santa Mesa is west of SM City Sta. Mesa shopping mall. Although the mall has "Santa Mesa" on its name, it is located in Quezon City very near the city limits of Manila.
The southwestern side of Santa Mesa is along the Pasig River while the southern and eastern sides are along the San Juan River. Across the San Juan River are the cities of San Juan to the east and a small portion of Mandaluyong to the southeast. Across the Pasig River, are the Manila areas of Santa Ana to the south and Pandacan to the southeast.
The topography of the area is relatively flat as some of the natural variations in elevations have been evened out due to urbanization.
Sites of interest
Bacood
Banda Kawayan Pilipinas (Bamboo Band Philippines)
United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP - Bacood)
Philippine Independent Church Bacood (Good Shepherd Parish)
Mabini Shrine (Manila), former home of Apolinario Mabini, Philippines Revolution hero, located inside PUP.
Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Recurso de Madriaga Pescado
Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic School
Carriedo Mansion ( former home of the Governor General Don Francisco Carriedo y' Peredo who made the water system project of Manila)
Churches
Parks and plazas
Barangays
Santa Mesa is made up of 51 Barangays. For statistical convenience for housing and population, the data for Santa Mesa is included in the data of Sampaloc.
Zone 58: Barangays 587, 587-A, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, and 593
Zone 59: Barangays 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, and 601.
Zone 60: Barangays 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 610, 611, 612, and 613.
Zone 61: Barangays 607, 608, 609, 614, 615, 616, 617, and 618.
Zone 62: Barangays 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, and 625.
Zone 63: Barangays 626, 627, 628, 629, and 630.
Zone 64: Barangays 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, and 636.
Notable
Carla Abellana, actress, model
Sharon Cuneta, actress, megastar singer
Bongbong Marcos, 17th President of the Philippines, Secretary of Agriculture, former senator, former Ilocos Norte governor and former representative of Ilocos Norte 2nd District
Gary Valenciano, singer, songwriter, music producer and television host
References
External links
City of Manila – Official website
Districts of Manila |
BNS Haji Mohsin is a naval base of the Bangladesh Navy, established after the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, and named in honour of Haji Muhammad Mohsin. The base is the principal logistics base of the Bangladesh Navy, and is located in the Dhaka Cantonment.
Career
The Haji Mohsin currently serves as logistical and administrative support base to the headquarters of the Bangladesh Navy. About 3000 personnel serve at Haji Mohsin. Some naval training is also provided here.
See also
List of active ships of the Bangladesh Navy
Bangladesh Navy bases
Shore establishments of the Bangladesh Navy |
Francine Tumushime, is a Rwandan politician who serves as the cabinet minister of Lands and Forestry (Minilaf), since 31 August 2017. Honorable Francine TUMUSHIME was appointed as the Minister of Land and Forestry since 30 August 2017, with a mission to ensure sustainable protection, conservation and development of lands and forestry sectors.
Background
Tumushime is a Rwandan citizen who has been part of the Rwandan civil service as early as 2012. Eng. Francine TUMUSHIME holds a Master's Degree in Business Administration, with a specialization in ‘Project Management from Maastricht School of Management, in Netherlands. She also has Engineering Degree in Agriculture and "Diplôme de Candidature" in science from the National University of Burundi
Eng. Francine TUMUSHIME speaks Kinyarwanda; French; English and Swahili.
Career
Prior her appointment to the Cabinet, Eng. Francine TUMUSHIME served as the Coordinator of World Bank Single Projects Implementation Unit in the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources. She also served for more than years as National Coordinator of IFAD funded project in Charge of promoting Rural Small and Micro-Enterprises under The Ministry of Trade and Industry.
For more than 10 years, Eng. Francine Tumushime has worked as well with public and development partners funded projects and programmes in the area of agriculture, natural resources, rural development and social protection among others.
In addition, Eng. Francine Tumushime served on the Boards of Directors of a number of Government Institutions Including Local Administrative Entities Development Agency (LODA), Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB), Rwanda Cooperative Agency (RCA) and Rwanda Agriculture Development Authority (RADA.
Since 2012, until March 2016, Hon. Francine Tumushime served as the Director General in charge of Community Development and Social Affairs in the Ministry of Local Government(Minaloc). When she left Minaloc on 3 May 2016, she was replaced by Sheikh Hassa Bahame.
On 31 August 2017, she was sworn in as the cabinet minister of lands and forestry. The lands and forestry docket was created out of the ministry of natural resources, in August 2017, making the ministry of environment an independent docket of its own and disbanding the ministry of natural resources.
See also
Judith Uwizeye
Rosemary Mbabazi
References
External links
Losers in President Kagame’s New Cabinet
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Government ministers of Rwanda
Women government ministers of Rwanda
21st-century Rwandan women politicians
21st-century Rwandan politicians |
Trygve Tollefsbol is a Distinguished Professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in the department of Biology . Coining the term “epigenetics diet” in 2011, Tollefsbol has been a leader in the field of phytochemical-based epigenetic mechanisms to prevent cancer. In his role as founder and chief editor for Elsevier's Translational Epigenetics, an internationally recognized series, he has directed the publication of almost 50 books on the topic of epigenetics.
Career
Tollefsbol's edited and co-authored textbook, Handbook of Epigenetics, is one of the standards in the field and is in the third edition. He has 20 books either published or in press on topics such as epigenetics, aging, cancer and telomerase as editor and co-author and his book, Medical Epigenetics, was awarded by the Association of American Publishers Award for Professional and Scholarly Excellence (PROSE Award).
Tollefsbol has contributed chapters on epigenetics in Lewin's GENES, one of the leading and most well-known international textbooks in molecular biology and has published over 200 scientific articles. The focus of his early research involved mechanisms of DNA methylation in aging and he was among the pioneers advocating the importance of epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation in aging cells.
He graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Science from the University of Houston and obtained a Master of Science, Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, and Doctor of Philosophy from the University of North Texas Health Sciences Center and completed his postdoctoral studies at Duke University and the University of North Carolina.
Tollefsbol joined the faculty at UAB in 1998 where he is a Distinguished Professor of Biology and a senior scientist in the O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Integrative Center for Aging Research, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, and the University Wide Microbiome Center . He founded and directed the UAB Cell Senescence Culture Facility for more than 20 years, a service that facilitated the research of numerous investigators both at UAB and nationally.
Tollefsbol received an unsolicited grant award from the Glenn Foundation for Medical Research for his research on the mechanisms of biological aging and served for many years as Associate Editor of Frontiers in Genetics, a leading international journal in his area, and was awarded Outstanding Associate Editor in 2021. He has served as chair and/or panel member for grant Study Sections for the NIH Center for Scientific Review on multiple occasions. Tollefsbol married fellow scientist Lucy G. Andrews in 1990 who collaborated with him on many of his studies.
He received the Ireland Award for Scholarly Distinction at UAB in 2015.
References
University of Alabama at Birmingham faculty
Epigeneticists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
Christianity is the second largest religious community in the Indonesian province of West Sumatra after Islam. Christians in West Sumatra generally come from the Mentawai, Batak, Chinese and Nias ethnicities. According to a 2021 Ministry of Home Affairs data, the percentage of Christians in West Sumatra is 2.34%: to 1.50% Protestant, and 0.84% Catholic. Christianity is the demographic majority in the Mentawai Islands Regency.
Christians by municipality
The following is data on Christians in West Sumatra, based on data from the Ministry of Home Affairs as of 30 June 2021.
References
Christianity in Indonesia
West Sumatra culture |
Beach Road, also known as Beach Road is a major roadway in Visakhapatnam. It is home to tourist destinations such as RK Beach and Kailasagiri. The Beach Road has cultural importance with the presence of buildings and structures such as, Rajiv Smruthi Bhavan (city's cultural hub), Annamayya Mandapam, AU Convention Center and organising rallies, city parades etc.
Development works
The Visakhapatnam beach road to Bhimli will be developed at a cost of Rs 200 crore to promote tourism as a part of the city project "Vizag to develop beach road under smart city project."
References
Tourist attractions in Visakhapatnam
Roads in Visakhapatnam
Neighbourhoods in Visakhapatnam |
The Electoral Commission of Seychelles is the body that organise, oversee and regulate political elections in Seychelles. Currently headed by Hendrick Gappy, the body is also charged with the responsibilities of registering political parties in Seychelles.
References
External links
Elections in Seychelles
Seychelles |
Avitus of Rouen (died 325), also known as Avitien or Avidien was the third Bishop of Rouen. He is venerated as a Saint in the Catholic Church.
Biography
He was the third bishop of Rouen in Normandy, however his two predecessors are accepted as legendary. He is the first historically attested bishop by his presence, with Materne II, Bishop of Cologne, at the first Council of Gaul in Arles in 314. He succeeds Mellonius and settles in Rouen from 314.
The Acta archiepiscoporum Rotomagensium tell us that "This blessed pontiff was an honest spirit, impeccable in his manners, and attentive to the salvation of souls under his charge".
He is buried in the crypt of the Church of Saint-Gervais in Rouen, and his feast day is celebrated on 2 December.
References
French Roman Catholic saints
3rd-century births
4th-century bishops in Gaul
Gallo-Roman saints
325 deaths |
James Cerretani and Max Schnur were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Federico Gaio and Andrea Pellegrino won the title after defeating Blaž Rola and Jiří Veselý 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–5) in the final.
Seeds
Draw
References
Main Draw
Città di Caltanissetta - Doubles
2018 Doubles |
Socognathus is a genus of prehistoric chamopsiid polyglyphanodontian lizards containing species that lived from the Middle Campanian stage to the late Maastrichtian. Several specimens of the type species, Socognathus unicuspis, have been found in Alberta, Canada. A second species, Socognathus brachyodon is known from the late Maastrichtian Lance Formation; its fossils have been found in Wyoming, United States.
References
Teiidae
Late Cretaceous lepidosaurs of North America
Cretaceous lizards
Fossil taxa described in 1991 |
Ralph Lane (16 March 1930 – 29 May 2014) was an Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Ralph Lane joined Melbourne in 1951 and played two Grand Finals in 1954 and 1956. He retired in 1956 to commit to his business career, though he continued playing with McKinnon in the Federal Football League, winning three premierships from 1957–59.
Lane was made a life member of the Melbourne Football Club and the VFL in 1989.
References
External links
Melbourne Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Frankston Bombers players
1930 births
2014 deaths
Melbourne Football Club premiership players
VFL/AFL premiership players |
The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) is a digital humanities initiative involving numerous academic professors and institutions around the world with the stated goal of creating a networked digital atlas by creating tools and setting standards for dynamic, digital maps.
ECAI was established in 1997 by Emeritus Prof. Lewis Lancaster of the University of California, Berkeley, and has held two meetings per year most years from 1998 - 2009 (ongoing), one of which is often in conjunction with the Pacific Neighbourhood Consortium. The initiative is based at UC Berkeley.
The ECAI 'clearinghouse' of distributed digital datasets was developed from 1998 by the Archaeological Computing Laboratory at the University of Sydney, and uses the ACL's TimeMap software.
See also
GIS
Wikimaps
External links
http://www.ecai.org/
Historical Geographic Information Systems Online Forum on Google
Cartography organizations
Geographic information systems organizations
Digital humanities
Historical geographic information systems
University of California, Berkeley
Research institutes in the San Francisco Bay Area
Digital humanities projects
1997 establishments in California |
The 2017 F4 Danish Championship season was the first season of the F4 Danish Championship. The season began at Jyllandsringen in April and concluded at the same circuit in October.
Teams and drivers
All teams were Danish-registered.
Calendar and results
All rounds were held in Denmark.
Results
Footnotes
Championship standings
Points were awarded to the top 10 classified finishers in each race. No points were awarded for pole position or fastest lap.
Drivers' standings
Notes:
† – Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 75% of the race distance.
Teams' championship
References
External links
Danish F4 Championship
F4 Danish Championship
F4 Danish Championship seasons
Danish F4 |
Verda is an unincorporated community in Grant Parish, Louisiana, United States. Verda is east of Montgomery and just past Hargis.
References
Unincorporated communities in Grant Parish, Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Louisiana |
Fraser George Franks (born 22 November 1990) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender in the Football League for AFC Wimbledon, Luton Town, Stevenage and Newport County.
Career
Brentford
Born in Hammersmith, Greater London, Franks began his career in the youth system at Chelsea at the age of 9. He then joined Brentford as an apprentice in 2007, and was named as a substitute against Swansea City in a League Cup fixture on 12 August 2008. Franks was again an unused substitute for a 2–1 FA Cup defeat away to Barrow on 28 November. He signed his first professional contract in the summer of 2009, though he remained as an unused substitute for the majority of 2009–10 and failed to make an appearance.
In September 2009, after struggling to feature for Brentford, Franks joined Conference South club Basingstoke Town on an initial one-month loan, which was later extended until January 2010. He debuted on 19 September in a 2–1 victory away to Braintree Town and scored his first goal on 24 October in a 2–1 victory at home to Weymouth. Franks' second goal came on 14 November in a 3–2 defeat away to Maidenhead United and completed the loan spell with two goals from 18 appearances. He was not offered a new contract by Brentford and was released by the club in May 2010.
AFC Wimbledon
On 29 July 2010, Franks signed a one-year contract with Conference Premier club AFC Wimbledon. He debuted as an 81st-minute substitute in a 2–1 victory away to Kettering Town on 4 September and scored his first goals in a 3–0 victory at home to Cambridge United on 29 September. Franks went on to make 28 appearances in 2010–11, though he suffered a cruciate knee ligament injury in a 2–1 defeat away to Grimsby Town on 5 March 2011. He required an operation that ruled him out of action for six months, causing him to miss the 2011 Conference Premier play-off final victory over Luton Town, and the beginning of AFC Wimbledon's first season in the Football League. Despite this, Franks had made enough appearances to trigger a one-year extension clause in his contract, keeping him at the club until the end of 2011–12.
In September 2011, Franks returned from injury and was loaned to Conference Premier club Hayes & Yeading United to gain match fitness. He debuted on 24 September in a 3–2 defeat at home to Gateshead, finishing the loan spell with seven appearances, but turned down the offer to extend the loan for a further month. Franks made his return to the AFC Wimbledon starting lineup away to Swindon Town on 8 November in a Football League Trophy tie, the match finishing 1–1 after extra time. He scored the team's only penalty in the 3–1 penalty shoot-out defeat. On 22 March 2012, Franks joined Conference Premier club Newport County on a one-month loan to play regular first-team football. He made his debut and only appearance for the club two days later in a 2–0 defeat away to Lincoln City. The remainder of his loan spell was hampered by injury. After making only five appearances for AFC Wimbledon in 2011–12, Franks was released by the club in May 2012.
Welling United
On 19 June 2012, Franks signed for Conference South club Welling United. After signing, Welling manager Jamie Day claimed Franks had turned down offers from higher leagues to be guaranteed regular first-team football. He debuted on the opening day of 2012–13 in a 1–1 draw at home to Bath City and scored his first goal in the following match, a 3–2 victory over Chelmsford City. Franks finished the season with 43 appearances and four goals, as Welling won the Conference South title and therefore promotion into the Conference Premier. He was named in the Conference South Team of the Year and signed a new one-year contract shortly afterwards. Franks made his first appearance of 2013–14 on the opening day of the season in a 2–1 defeat away to Wrexham and went on to make 29 appearances for Welling during the first half of the season.
Luton Town
On 17 January 2014, Franks signed for Conference Premier leaders Luton Town for an undisclosed fee after the club activated a release clause in his contract. Due to bad weather postponing the club's matches throughout much of the rest of January, Franks did not make his debut until 11 February against Macclesfield Town, which finished as a 2–1 victory and was named as man of the match by The Luton News. He made 18 appearances for Luton in the second half of 2013–14, as the club won the Conference Premier title and therefore promotion into League Two. Franks made his first appearance of 2014–15 on 12 August 2014 in a 2–1 defeat at home to Swindon Town in the League Cup first round. He struggled to force his way into the first-team, making just 17 appearances, as Luton finished eighth in League Two, having missed an opportunity to make an impression in the first-team in the absence of first-choice central defenders Luke Wilkinson and Steve McNulty through suspension. After the end of the season, Franks informed the club that he felt his future lay elsewhere and was transfer-listed by manager John Still, before his contract was cancelled a year early by mutual consent on 15 July 2015.
Stevenage
On 17 July 2015, Franks signed for Luton's near-neighbours Stevenage. He debuted on the opening day of 2015–16 in a 2–0 defeat at home to Notts County and scored his first goal in a 2–0 victory at home to Hartlepool United on 22 August. Franks finished the season with 42 appearances and three goals, as Stevenage finished 18th in League Two. He was named Season Ticket Holders Player of the Year, BoroChat Player of the Year and Players' Player of the Year at the club's end-of-season presentation night. Franks spent three seasons at Stevenage, making 120 appearances for the club, scoring eight goals.
Newport County
Franks re-signed for fellow League Two club Newport County on 18 June 2018 on a two-year contract. He made his debut on the opening day of the 2018–19 season, starting in the club's 3–0 away defeat to Mansfield Town. Franks scored his first goal for Newport in a 3–2 home win over Notts County on 21 August. He captained Newport in a 2–1 victory at home to Premier League team Leicester City in the FA Cup third round on 6 January 2019.
Franks retired from playing on 21 March 2019, as a result of a heart issue. Franks had made 34 appearances and scored three goals for Newport up to that point in 2018–19. Franks had heart palpitations and chest pains, and had to be taken to hospital by his pregnant wife.
International career
In June 2013, Franks was selected for the England national C team and won his first cap in a 6–1 victory over Bermuda. On 19 November 2013, Franks scored his first international goal in a 2–2 draw with Czech Republic U21, a match in which he also captained the team for the first time. Franks went on to earn five caps for the England C team, captaining the side four times, before becoming ineligible due to Luton Town's promotion to the Football League.
Personal life
Franks is married to former S Club 8 singer Stacey McClean. Franks struggled with alcohol following his premature retirement from football, but following counselling from the Sporting Chance Clinic, became sober on 1 August 2021. Franks is an ambassador for Alcohol Change UK and together with lawyer Matt Himsworth, runs mentoring firm B5 Consultancy.
Career statistics
Honours
AFC Wimbledon
Conference Premier play-offs: 2010–11
Welling United
Conference South: 2012–13
Luton Town
Conference Premier: 2013–14
Individual
Conference South Team of the Year: 2012–13
Stevenage Player of the Year: 2015–16
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Hammersmith
English men's footballers
England men's semi-pro international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Brentford F.C. players
Basingstoke Town F.C. players
AFC Wimbledon players
Hayes & Yeading United F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Welling United F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Stevenage F.C. players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players |
Ke'Shawn LaMont Vaughn (born May 4, 1997) is an American football running back for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Illinois and Vanderbilt.
Early years
Vaughn attended Pearl-Cohn Comprehensive High School in Nashville, Tennessee. As a senior, he rushed for 2,646 yards and 45 touchdowns and was named the Tennessee Gatorade Football Player of the Year. Vaughn was also a high school track and field standout, anchoring the state champion 4 x 100m relay his senior year. A 4-star running back recruit, Vaughn committed to the University of Illinois to play college football over offers from Louisville, Notre Dame, Purdue, and West Virginia, among others.
College career
As a true freshman at Illinois in 2015, Vaughn rushed for 723 yards on 157 carries with six touchdowns. As a sophomore in 2016, he had 301 rushing yards on 60 carries and three touchdowns. After the season, Vaughn transferred to Vanderbilt University. After redshirting his first year at Vanderbilt in 2017 due to transfer rules, he rushed for 1,244 yards on 157 carries and 12 touchdowns in 2018. Vaughn returned to Vanderbilt for his senior season in 2019 rather than declare for the 2019 NFL Draft.
Professional career
Vaughn was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the third round, 76th overall, of the 2020 NFL Draft. He was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list on July 27, 2020. He was activated on August 9, 2020. Vaughn scored his first professional touchdown on a nine-yard reception from Tom Brady in a Week 4 victory over the Los Angeles Chargers. Overall, Vaughn finished his rookie season with 26 carries for 109 rushing yards in ten games. Vaughn earned a Super Bowl ring when the Buccaneers defeated the Kansas City Chiefs 31–9 in Super Bowl LV.
On December 26, 2021, in a game against the Carolina Panthers, Vaughn scored the first rushing touchdown of his career on a 55-yard tote, the longest score of the year on the ground for the Buccaneers.
References
External links
Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio
Vanderbilt Commodores bio
1997 births
Living people
Players of American football from Nashville, Tennessee
American football running backs
Illinois Fighting Illini football players
Vanderbilt Commodores football players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players |
Inner City Blues is the 1999 debut novel by American crime author Paula L. Woods, and the first book in her Charlotte Justice series. The book was published by W. W. Norton & Company on 17 January 1999, winning the Macavity Award for Best First Mystery in 2000 and being named Best First Novel by the Black Caucus of the American Library Association.
The novel takes place during the 1992 Los Angeles riots as Justice investigates the death of "one-time radical Cinque Lewis...who years before had murdered her husband and daughter."
References
1999 American novels
Novels set in Los Angeles
Macavity Award-winning works
W. W. Norton & Company books
1999 debut novels |
Established in 1945, Havana Cafe () is a noted cafe situated in the al Bahsa Area in Damascus City, Syria. During the modern period the cafe became well known for its elite class of visitors, including politicians, high-ranking military officers, poets, artists, authors and journalists, in addition to a number of political refugees. The cafe is sometimes referred to as the birthplace of novels, poems, political conspiracies and even coups.
References
Al Sharq Al Awsat Newspaper (Ar)
Buildings and structures in Damascus
1945 establishments in Mandatory Syria |
Phospho-Energon, often just called Energon, was a "miracle medicine" produced and distributed in Sweden. With the incomes generated by the Energon sales, the emerging Swedish pharmaceutical company Pharmacia (founded in 1911 out of the Elgen pharmacy in central Stockholm) was able to establish itself in the market and begin pharmaceutical research and the production of other medicines, eventually becoming a major actor in the Swedish and international pharmaceutical sectors.
The main ingredients of Energon were calf's brain, sugar, and milk. Initially, the drug was sold as a powder to be mixed with liquid, but later pills were produced.
The product was said to have a "safe and rapid effect against general debility, lack of appetite, nervous tension, exhaustion, and sleeping problems". The drug was also used against blood deficiency and disturbances in the neural system. Moreover, the advertisement of Pharmacia claimed that consumption of Energon would relieve the user of fear of traffic, through the soothing of the nerves.
In early advertisements, Pharmacia claimed that the drug was endorsed by Swedish physicians. Moreover, the company stressed that its production was conducted under the scrutiny of professor .
The permit to sell the Phospho-Energon pills in Swedish pharmacies lapsed in 1936. The permits to sell four variations of the Phospho-Energon pills (with arsenic, iron and kola extracts) in Swedish pharmacies lapsed in 1943.
The preparation Phospho-Energon with kola contained the following ingredients:
Dried cow brain; Dried kola extract; Ferrous tartrate; Calcium pantothenate; Choline; Copper sulphate; Licorice; Nicotinamide; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine
References
Patent medicines
Goods manufactured in Sweden |
The plumbeous-backed thrush (Turdus reevei) is a species of bird in the family Turdidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
References
plumbeous-backed thrush
Birds of Ecuador
Birds of Peru
Birds of the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena
plumbeous-backed thrush
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Vanisha Karishma Kumar (born 5 February 1995) is a footballer who plays as a forward or midfielder. Born in Australia, she is a member of the Fiji women's national team. In 2015 she represented Fiji in the 2015 Pacific Games.
Kumar was born in Sydney, Australia and has been playing soccer since the age of 11. At the age of 15 she had an opportunity to try out for the Australia national team but declined so she could play for the Fiji national team.
References
Living people
1995 births
Fijian people of Indian descent
Australian people of Indo-Fijian descent
Sportspeople of Indian descent
Australian women's soccer players
Soccer players from Sydney
Fijian women's footballers
Fiji women's international footballers
Women's association football forwards
Women's association football midfielders
Sportswomen from New South Wales |
Henry George Symonds (24 June 1889 – 1 January 1945) was a Welsh cricketer who played first-class cricket for Glamorgan and Wales in the 1920s.
Symonds played in Glamorgan's inaugural County Championship match, against Sussex in 1921, scoring 58 in the first innings (Glamorgan's first Championship fifty) and 20 in the second, valuable contributions to Glamorgan's first victory. He had previously made one first-class appearance for South Wales in 1912, and played for Glamorgan at minor counties level from 1908 to 1920, while he also played one minor match for Devon in 1924.
After retiring from cricket, Symonds was the manager of the Cardiff Arms Park Greyhound Racing Company.
References
External links
Harry Symonds at CricketArchive
Welsh cricketers
Glamorgan cricketers
1889 births
1945 deaths
Devon cricketers
Wales cricketers
South Wales cricketers
Cricketers from Cardiff |
Fly FM is an English-language Malaysian private radio station owned by Media Prima Berhad. It was launched on 3 October 2005 and targets listeners aged between fifteen and thirty years old. Fly FM is the second most popular English radio station in Malaysia, besides being the fastest growing radio station in the country. The music on Fly FM is aired in both English and Malay.
This station used to broadcast live from KLIA and is the first radio station in the world to be situated in an airport.
History
In 2007, Fly FM introduced a programme slot called "50 minutes of non-stop music" where the crew will air songs for 50 minutes without commercials.
The station was initially launched by Jason Cottam and the popular deejay, Fly Guy (Saufian Mokhtar), as its public face. Together with Yvonne Natalie Kniese (Natalie), they hosted they morning show called "The Pagi Show". Natalie, who went to was later replaced by Phat Fabes and soon after Fly Guy was replaced by Ben (Loh Ben Jern). Soon Nadia was added as the 3rd host of the show.
From 26 June 2011 onwards, Phat Fabes & Ben were moved to the evening slot. The morning show was renamed as "The Pagi Rock Crew" (named after LMFAO's hit song Party Rock Anthem) run by Hafiz & Prem along with original morning crew DJ, Nadia. Nadia left the station on 20 March 2012.
In 2013, Zher & Guibo were introduced as the "All New Pagi Rock Crew". After a year, they were moved to the evening slot. The current morning show is called "Ben & Hafiz" whilst the night show "Fly 30" is managed by Ivan.
In 2015, Ben's retirement led to the formation of a new morning slot called the #FlyWolfPack consisting of Hafiz, Dennis and Guibo.
In 2017, after Dennis left, the morning show was renamed "Fly Fm's Hafiz and Guibo." In August 2017, Zher left Fly FM as well.
In 30 July 2021, Douglas Lim joins Ili for Fly FM's Breakfast Show. Starting from 2 August 2021, Fly FM was officially rebranded into a hot adult contemporary radio station.
On March 28, 2022 to September 22, 2023, Fly FM will no longer broadcast temporarily through the MYTV platform.
Radio Announcers
Kavin Jay
Ryan Howlett
Natalie Kniese
Elysha Arnold
Aina Sabrina
Ryan Matjeraie
DJ Classick
DJ Reeve
DJ Nexo
Izleen Izham (Fifi)
Adam Raqeem
Rika Adrina
Jakeman & Skeletor
Ramsey Westwood
Former Radio Announcers
Guibo
Maggy Wang
Loh Ben Jern
Dennis Yin
Saufian Mokhtar
Hafiz Hatim
Premo Supremo
Hunny Madu
Ili Ruzanna
Ryan De Alwis
Balakarthik BK
Anne Jacyntha
Ivan Leong
Zher Peen
Danielle Chong
Douglas Lim
Gabriel Noel Pountney
Moots!
Juanita Ramayah
Frequency
Television
Similar radios
Hard Rock FM in Indonesia
References
External links
2005 establishments in Malaysia
Radio stations in Malaysia
Radio stations established in 2005
Media Prima
Hot adult contemporary radio stations
Kuala Lumpur International Airport |
The fauna of Australia consists of a large variety of animals; some 46% of birds, 69% of mammals, 94% of amphibians, and 93% of reptiles that inhabit the continent are endemic to it. This high level of endemism can be attributed to the continent's long geographic isolation, tectonic stability, and the effects of a unique pattern of climate change on the soil and flora over geological time. A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals. Consequently, the marsupials – a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums and dasyuromorphs – occupy many of the ecological niches placental animals occupy elsewhere in the world. Australia is home to two of the five known extant species of monotremes and has numerous venomous species, which include the platypus, spiders, scorpions, octopus, jellyfish, molluscs, stonefish, and stingrays. Uniquely, Australia has more venomous than non-venomous species of snakes.
The settlement of Australia by Indigenous Australians between 48,000 and 70,000 years ago and by Europeans from 1788, has significantly affected the fauna. Hunting, the introduction of non-native species, and land-management practices involving the modification or destruction of habitats have led to numerous extinctions. Based on the list of Australian animals extinct in the Holocene, about 33 mammals (27 from the mainland, including the thylacine), 24 birds (three from the mainland), one reptile, and three frog species or subspecies are strongly believed to have become extinct in Australia during the Holocene epoch. These figures exclude dubious taxa like the Roper River scrub robin (Drymodes superciliaris colcloughi) and possibly extinct taxa like the Christmas Island shrew (Crocidura trichura). Unsustainable land use still threatens the survival of many species. To target threats to the survival of its fauna, Australia has passed wide-ranging federal and state legislation and established numerous protected areas.
Origins and history
Both geologic and climatic events helped to make Australia's fauna unique. Australia was once part of the southern supercontinent Gondwana, which also included South America, Africa, India and Antarctica. Gondwana began to break up 140 million years ago (MYA); 50 MYA Australia separated from Antarctica and was relatively isolated until the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate with Asia in the Miocene era 5.3 MYA. The establishment and evolution of the present-day fauna was apparently shaped by the unique climate and the geology of the continent. As Australia drifted, it was, to some extent, isolated from the effects of global climate change. The unique fauna that originated in Gondwana, such as the marsupials, survived and adapted in Australia.
After the Miocene, fauna of Asian origin were able to establish themselves in Australia. The Wallace Line — the hypothetical line separating the zoogeographical regions of Asia and Australasia — marks the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates. This continental boundary prevented the formation of land bridges and resulted in a distinct zoological distribution, with limited overlap, of most Asian and Australian fauna, with the exception of birds. Following the emergence of the circumpolar current in the mid-Oligocene era (some 15 MYA), the Australian climate became increasingly arid, giving rise to a diverse group of arid-specialised organisms, just as the wet tropical and seasonally wet areas gave rise to their own uniquely adapted species.
Mammals
Australia has a rich mammalian fossil history, as well as a variety of extant mammalian species, dominated by the marsupials, currently however there is limited taxonomic research into Australia's mammals. The fossil record shows that monotremes have been present in Australia since the Early Cretaceous 145–99 MYA, and that marsupials and placental mammals date from the Eocene 56–34 MYA, when modern mammals first appeared in the fossil record. Although terrestrial marsupials and placental mammals did coexist in Australia in the Eocene, only the marsupials have survived to the present. Non-volant placental mammals made their reappearance in Australia in the Miocene, when Australia moved closer to Indonesia, and rodents started to appear reliably in the Late Miocene fossil record. The marsupials evolved to fill specific ecological niches, and in many cases they are physically similar to the placental mammals in Eurasia and North America that occupy similar niches, a phenomenon known as convergent evolution. For example, the top predator in Australia, the Tasmanian wolf, bore a striking resemblance to canids. Gliding possums and flying squirrels have similar adaptations enabling their arboreal lifestyle; and the numbat and anteaters are both digging insectivores. For the most part, mammals are not a highly visible part of the faunal landscape, as most species are nocturnal and many arboreal.
Monotremes and marsupials
Two of the five living species of monotreme occur in Australia: the platypus and the short-beaked echidna, the other three being echidnas that only occur in New Guinea. Monotremes differ from other mammals in their methods of reproduction; in particular, they lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. The platypus — a venomous, egg-laying, duck-billed amphibious mammal — is considered to be one of the strangest creatures in the animal kingdom. When it was first presented by Joseph Banks to English naturalists it was thought to be a hoax. The short-beaked echidna is covered in hairy spikes with a tubular snout in the place of a mouth, and a tongue that can move in and out of the snout at a rate of 100 times a minute to capture termites.
Australia has the world's largest and most diverse range of marsupials. Marsupials are characterised by the presence of a pouch in which they rear their young after birth. The carnivorous marsupials — Dasyuromorphia — are represented by two surviving families: the Dasyuridae with 51 members, and the Myrmecobiidae with the numbat as its sole extant species. The Tasmanian tiger was the largest Dasyuromorphia and the last living specimen of the family Thylacinidae died in captivity in 1936. The world's largest surviving carnivorous marsupial is the Tasmanian devil; it is the size of a small dog and can hunt, although it is mainly a scavenger. It became extinct on the mainland some 600 years ago, and is now found only in Tasmania. There are four species of quoll, or "native cat", all of which are threatened species. The eastern quoll for example is believed to have been extinct on the mainland since the 1960s, though there are efforts to reintroduce it. The remainder of the Dasyuridae are referred to as "marsupial mice"; most weigh less than 100 g. There are two species of marsupial mole — order Notoryctemorphia — that inhabit the deserts of Western Australia. These rare, blind and earless carnivorous creatures spend most of their time underground; little is known about them.
The bandicoots and bilbies — order Peramelemorphia — are marsupial omnivores. There are seven extant species in Australia, most of which are endangered. These small creatures share several characteristic physical features: a plump, arch-backed body with a long, delicately tapering snout, large upright ears, long, thin legs, and a thin tail. The evolutionary origin of this group is unclear, because they share characteristics from both carnivorous and herbivorous marsupials.
Marsupials with two front teeth (diprotodont) on the lower jaw and syndactyly are classified in the order Diprotodontia, and further into the suborders Vombatiformes, Macropodiformes and Phalangerida. The Vombatiformes include the koala and the three species of wombat. One of Australia's best-known marsupials, the koala is an arboreal species that feeds on the leaves of various species of eucalyptus. Wombats, on the other hand, live on the ground and feed on grasses, sedges and roots. Wombats use their diprotodont teeth and powerful claws to dig extensive burrow systems; they are mainly crepuscular and nocturnal.
The Phalangerida includes six families and 26 species of possum and three families with 53 species of macropod. The possums are a diverse group of arboreal marsupials and vary in size from the little pygmy possum, weighing just 7 g, to the cat-sized common ringtail and brushtail possums. The sugar and squirrel gliders are common species of gliding possum, found in the eucalypt forests of eastern Australia, while the feathertail glider is the smallest glider species. The gliding possums have membranes called "patagia" that extend from the fifth finger of their forelimb back to the first toe of their hind foot. These membranes, when outstretched, allow them to glide between trees.
The macropods are divided into three families: the Hypsiprymnodontidae, with the musky rat-kangaroo as its only member; the Potoroidae, with 11 species; and the Macropodidae, with 45 species. Macropods are found in all Australian environments except alpine areas. The Potoroidae include the bettongs, potaroos and rat-kangaroos, small species that make nests and carry plant material with their tails. The Macropodiae include kangaroos, wallabies and associated species; size varies widely within this family. Most macropods have large hind legs and long, narrow hind feet, with a distinctive arrangement of four toes, and powerfully muscled tails, which they use to hop around. The musky rat-kangaroo is the smallest macropod and the only species that is quadrupedal not bipedal, while the male red kangaroo is the largest, reaching a height of about 2 m and weighing up to 85 kg.
Placental mammals
Australia has indigenous placental mammals from two orders: the bats — order Chiroptera — represented by six families; and the mice and rats — order Rodentia, family Muridae. There are only two endemic genera of bats, although 7% of the world's bat species live in Australia. Rodents first arrived in Australia 5–10 MYA, undergoing a wide radiation to produce the species collectively known as the "old endemic" rodents. The old endemics are represented by 14 extant genera. A million years ago, the rat entered Australia from New Guinea and evolved into seven species of Rattus, collectively called the "new endemics".
Since human settlement many additional placental mammals have been introduced to Australia and are now feral. The first placental mammal introduced to Australia was the dingo. Fossil evidence suggests that people from the north brought the dingo to Australia about 5000 years ago. When Europeans settled Australia they intentionally released many species into the wild including the red fox, European hare, and the European rabbit. Other domestic species have escaped and over time have produced wild populations including the banteng, cat, fallow deer, red deer, sambar deer, rusa deer, chital, hog deer, horse, donkey, pig, goat, water buffalo, and the camel. Only three species of non-native placental mammal were not deliberately introduced to Australia: the house mouse, black rat and the brown rat.
Forty-six marine mammals from the order Cetacea are found in Australian coastal waters. Since the majority of these species have global distribution, some authors do not consider them to be Australian species. There are eleven species of baleen whale present; humpback whales, southern right whales, dwarf minke whales and pygmy blue whales are more commonly observed. There are 37 species of toothed whale, which include all six genera of the family Ziphiidae, and 21 species of oceanic dolphin, including the Australian snubfin dolphin, a species first described in 2005. Some oceanic dolphins, such as the orca, can be found in all waters around the continent; others, such as the Irrawaddy dolphin, are confined to the warm northern waters. The dugong is an endangered marine species that inhabits the waters of north-eastern and north-western Australia, particularly the Torres Strait. It can grow up to 3 m long and weigh as much as 400 kg. The dugong is the only herbivorous marine mammal in Australia, feeding on sea grass in coastal areas. The destruction of sea grass beds is a threat to the survival of this species. Eleven species of seal — family Pinnipedia — live off the southern coast.
Birds
Australia and its territories are home to around 800 species of bird; 45% of these are endemic to Australia. The fossil record of birds in Australia is patchy; however, there are records of the ancestors of contemporary species as early as the Late Oligocene. Birds with a Gondwanan history include the flightless ratites (the emu and southern cassowary), megapodes (the malleefowl and Australian brush-turkey), and a huge group of endemic parrots, order Psittaciformes. Australian parrots comprise a sixth of the world's parrots, including many cockatoos and galahs. The kookaburra is the largest species of the kingfisher family, known for its call, which sounds uncannily like loud, echoing human laughter.The passerines of Australia, also known as songbirds or perching birds, include wrens, robins, the magpie group, thornbills, pardalotes, the huge honeyeater family, treecreepers, lyrebirds, birds of paradise and bowerbirds. The satin bowerbird has attracted the interest of evolutionary psychologists; it has a complex courtship ritual in which the male creates a bower filled with blue, shiny items to woo mates.
Relatively recent colonists from Eurasia are swallows, larks, thrushes, cisticolas, sunbirds, and some raptors, including the large wedge-tailed eagle. A number of bird species have been introduced by humans; some, like the European goldfinch and greenfinch, coexist happily with Australian species, while others, such as the common starling, common blackbird, house sparrow and Indian mynah, are destructive of some native bird species and thus destabilise the native ecosystem.
About 200 species of seabird live on the Australian coast, including many species of migratory seabird. Australia is at the southern end of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway for migratory water birds, which extends from Far-East Russia and Alaska through Southeast Asia to Australia and New Zealand. About two million birds travel this route to and from Australia each year. One very common large seabird is the Australian pelican, which can be found in most waterways in Australia. The Australian little penguin is the only species of penguin that breeds on mainland Australia.
Amphibians and reptiles
Australia has four families of native frogs and one introduced toad, the cane toad. In 1935 the cane toad was introduced to Australia in a failed attempt to control pests in sugarcane crops. It has since become a devastating pest, spreading across northern Australia. As well as competing with native insectivores for food, the cane toad produces a venom that is toxic to native fauna, as well as to humans. The Myobatrachidae, or southern frogs, are Australia's largest group of frogs, with 112 species classified into anywhere from 17 to 22 genera. A notable member of this group is the colourful and endangered Corroboree frog. The tree frogs, from family Hylidae, are common in high rainfall areas on the north and east coasts; there are 77 Australian species from three genera. The 18 species from two genera of the Microhylidae frogs are restricted to the rainforests of northern Australia and nearby habitats; the smallest species, the scanty frog, is from this family. There is a single species from the world's dominant frog group, family Ranidae – the Australian wood frog – which only occurs in the Queensland rainforests. As elsewhere, there has been a precipitous decline in Australia's frog populations in recent years. Although the full reasons for the decline are uncertain, it can be at least partly attributed to the fatal amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis. Another theory for the decline might be, as research shows, that species from the Southern Hemisphere are on average 4.6 million years old, compared to an average 2.9 million years old for the Northern Hemisphere: Researchers believe this age difference is because of the history of severe ice ages in the Northern Hemisphere, which may drive older species to extinction.
Australia has two species of crocodile. The saltwater crocodile, known colloquially as the "salty", is the largest living crocodile species; reaching over 7 m, and weighing over 1,000 kg, they can and do kill people. They live on the coast and in the freshwater rivers and wetlands of northern Australia, and they are farmed for their meat and leather. Freshwater crocodiles, found only in northern Australia, are not considered dangerous to humans.
The Australian coast is visited by six species of sea turtle: the flatback, green sea, hawksbill, olive ridley, loggerhead and the leatherback sea turtles; all are protected in Australian waters. There are 35 species of Australian freshwater turtles from eight genera of the family Chelidae. The pig-nosed turtle is the only Australian turtle not of that family. Australia is the only continent without any living species of land tortoises of the Testudinoidea superfamily besides Antarctica.
Australia is the only continent where venomous snakes outnumber their non-venomous cousins. Australian snakes belong to seven families. Of these, the most venomous species, including the fierce snake, eastern brown snake, taipan and eastern tiger snake are from the family Elapidae. Of the 200 species of elapid, 106 are found in Australia and 86 are found only in Australia. Thirty-three sea snakes from family Hydrophiidae inhabit Australia's northern waters; many are extremely venomous. Two species of sea snake from the Acrochordidae also occur in Australian waters. Australia has only 11 species from the world's most significant snake family Colubridae; none are endemic, and they are considered to be relatively recent arrivals from Asia. There are 15 python species and 45 species of insectivorous blind snake.
There are more than 700 species of lizards in Australia with representatives of five families. There are over 130 species in 20 genera of gecko found throughout the Australian continent. The Pygopodidae is a family of limbless lizards endemic to the Australian region; all 39 species from seven genera occur in Australia. The Agamidae or dragon lizards are represented by 70 species in 14 genera, including the thorny devil, bearded dragon and frill-necked lizard. There are 30 species of monitor lizard, family Varanidae, in Australia, where they are commonly known as goannas. The largest Australian monitor is the perentie, which can reach up to 2 m in length. There are about 450 species of skink from more than 40 genera, comprising more than 50% of the total Australian lizard fauna; this group includes the blue-tongued lizards.
Fish
More than 5000 species of fish inhabit Australia's waterways; of these, 24% are endemic. However, because of the relative scarcity of freshwater waterways, Australia has only about 300 species of freshwater fish. Two families of freshwater fish have ancient origins: the arowana or bonytongues, and the Queensland lungfish. The Queensland lungfish is the most primitive of the lungfish, having evolved before Australia separated from Gondwana. One of the smallest freshwater fish, peculiar to the southwest of Western Australia, is the salamanderfish, which can survive desiccation in the dry season by burrowing into mud. Other families with a potentially Gondwanan origin include the Retropinnidae, Galaxiidae, Aplochitonidae and Percichthyidae. Apart from the ancient freshwater species, 70% of Australia's freshwater fish have affinities with tropical Indo-Pacific marine species that have adapted to freshwater. These species include freshwater lampreys, Herrings, catfish, rainbowfish, and some 50 species of gudgeon, including the sleepy cod. Native freshwater game fish include the barramundi, Murray cod, and golden perch. Two species of endangered freshwater shark are found in the Northern Territory.
Several exotic freshwater fish species, including brown, brook and rainbow trout, Atlantic and Chinook salmon, redfin perch, common carp, and mosquitofish, have been introduced to Australian waterways. The mosquitofish is a particularly aggressive species known for harassing and nipping the fins of other fish. It has been linked to declines and localised extirpations of several small native fish species. The introduced trout species have had serious negative impacts on a number of upland native fish species including trout cod, Macquarie perch and mountain galaxias species as well as other upland fauna such as the spotted tree frog. The common carp is strongly implicated in the dramatic loss in waterweed, decline of small native fish species and permanently elevated levels of turbidity in the Murray-Darling Basin of south west Australia.
Most of Australia's fish species are marine, and 75% live in tropical marine environments. This is partly due to Australia's huge marine territory, covering 9 million km2. Groups of interest include the moray eels and squirrelfish, as well as the pipefish and seahorses, whose males incubate their partner's eggs in a specialised pouch. There are 80 species of grouper in Australian waters, including one of the world's biggest bony fish, the giant grouper, which can grow as large as 2.7 m and weigh up to 400 kg. The trevally, a group of 50 species of silver schooling fish, and the snappers are popular species for commercial fishing. The Great Barrier Reef supports a huge variety of small- and medium-sized reef fish, including the damselfish, butterflyfish, angelfish, gobies, cardinalfish, wrassees, triggerfish and surgeonfish. There are several venomous fish, among them several species of stonefish and pufferfish and the red lionfish, all of which have toxins that can kill humans. There are 11 venomous species of stingray, the largest of which is the smooth stingray. The barracudas are one of the reef's largest species. However, large reef fish should not be eaten for fear of ciguatera poisoning.
Sharks inhabit all the coastal waters and estuarine habitats of Australia's coast. There are 166 species, including 30 species of requiem shark, 32 of catshark, six of wobbegong shark, and 40 of dogfish shark. There are three species from the family Heterodontidae: the Port Jackson shark, the zebra bullhead shark and the crested bullhead shark. In 2004, there were 12 unprovoked shark attacks in Australia, of which two were fatal. Only 3 species of shark pose a significant threat to humans: the bull shark, the tiger shark and the great white shark. Some popular beaches in Queensland and New South Wales are protected by shark netting, a method that has reduced the population of both dangerous and harmless shark species through accidental entanglement. The overfishing of sharks has also significantly reduced shark numbers in Australian waters, and several species are now endangered. A megamouth shark was found on a Perth beach in 1988; very little is known about this species, but this discovery may indicate the presence of the species in Australian coastal waters.
Invertebrates
Of the estimated 200,000 animal species in Australia, about 96% are invertebrates. While the full extent of invertebrate diversity is uncertain, 90% of insects and molluscs are considered endemic. Invertebrates occupy many ecological niches and are important in all ecosystems as decomposers, pollinators, and food sources. The largest group of invertebrates is the insects, comprising 75% of Australia's known species of animals. The most diverse insect orders are the Coleoptera, with 28,200 species of beetles and weevils, the Lepidoptera with 20,816 species including butterflies and moths, and around 14,800 species of Hymenoptera, including the ants, bees and wasps. Order Diptera, which includes the flies and mosquitoes, comprises 7,786 species. Order Hemiptera, including bugs, aphids and hoppers, comprises 5,650 species; and there are 2,827 species of order Orthoptera, including grasshoppers, crickets and katydids. Introduced species that pose a significant threat to native species include the European wasp, the red fire ant, the yellow crazy ant and feral honeybees which compete with native bees.
Australia has a wide variety of arachnids, including 78 spider families with 79 species of spider familiar enough to have common names. There are numerous highly venomous species, including the notorious Sydney funnel-web and allied mygalomorphs, whose bites can be deadly. The redback spider was thought to be deadly but redback bites are no longer thought to be life-threatening, as the lack of deaths since 1956 was thought to be due to the development of an anti-venom which has since been shown to be no better than placebo. There are thousands of species of mites and ticks from the subclass Acari. Australia also has at least 150 species of pseudoscorpion with an estimated 550 more waiting to be described, and at least 17 scorpion genera with 120 species.
In the Annelida (sub)class Oligochaeta there are many families of aquatic worms, and for native terrestrial worms: the Enchytraeidae (pot worms) and the "true" earthworms in families Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae and Megascolecidae. The latter includes the world's largest earthworm, the giant Gippsland earthworm, found only in Gippsland, Victoria. On average they reach 80 cm in length, but specimens up to 3.7 m in length have been found.
The large family Parastacidae includes 124 species of Australian freshwater crayfish. These include the world's smallest crayfish, the swamp crayfish, which does not exceed 30 mm in length, and the world's largest crayfish, the Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish, measuring up to 76 cm long and weighing 4.5 kg. The crayfish genus Cherax includes the common yabby, in addition to the farmed species marron and Queensland red claw. Species from the genus Engaeus, commonly known as the land crayfish, are also found in Australia. Engaeus species are not entirely aquatic, because they spend most of their lives living in burrows. Australia has seven species of freshwater crab from the genus Austrothelphusa. These crabs live burrowed into the banks of waterways and can plug their burrows, surviving through several years of drought. The extremely primitive freshwater mountain shrimp, found only in Tasmania, are a unique group, resembling species found in the fossil record from 200 MYA.
A huge variety of marine invertebrates are found in Australian waters, with the Great Barrier Reef an important source of this diversity. Families include the Porifera or sea sponges, the Cnidaria (includes the jellyfish, corals and sea anemones, comb jellies), the Echinodermata (includes the sea urchins, sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, the lamp shells) and the Mollusca (includes snails, slugs, limpets, squid, octopus, cockles, oysters, clams, and chitons). Venomous invertebrates include the box jellyfish, the blue-ringed octopus, and ten species of cone snail, which can cause respiratory failure and death in humans. The crown-of-thorns starfish usually inhabits the reef at low densities. However, under conditions that are not yet well understood, they can reproduce to reach an unsustainable population density when coral is devoured at a rate faster than it can regenerate. This presents a serious reef management issue. Other problematic marine invertebrates include the native species purple sea urchin and the white urchin, which have been able to take over marine habitats and form urchin barrens due to the over harvesting of their natural predators which include abalone and rock lobster. Introduced invertebrate pests include the Asian mussel, New Zealand green-lipped mussel, black-striped mussel and the northern Pacific seastar, all of which displace native shellfish.
There are many unique marine crustaceans in Australian waters. The best-known class, to which all the edible species of crustacean belong, is Malacostraca. The warm waters of northern Australia are home to many species of decapod crustaceans, including crabs, false crabs, hermit crabs, lobsters, shrimps, and prawns. The peracarids, including the amphipods and isopods, are more diverse in the colder waters of southern Australia. Less-well-known marine groups include the classes Remipedia, Cephalocarida, Branchiopoda, Maxillopoda (which includes the barnacles, copepods and fish lice), and the Ostracoda. Notable species include the Tasmanian giant crab, the second largest crab species in the world, found in deep water, and weighing up to 13 kg, and the Australian spiny lobsters, such as the western rock lobster, which are distinct from other lobster species as they do not have claws.
Invasive species
Introduction of exotic fauna in Australia by design, accident and natural processes has led to a considerable number of invasive, feral and pest species which have flourished and now impact the environment adversely. Introduced organisms affect the environment in a number of ways. Rabbits render land economically useless by eating everything. Red foxes affect local endemic fauna by predation while the cane toad poisons the predators by being eaten. Some water fleas may have been introduced to Australia by humans or birds. Other invasive species include birds (Indian mynah), fish (common carp), insects (red imported fire ant), molluscs (Asian mussel). The problem is compounded by invasive exotic flora as well as introduced diseases, fungi and parasites. An example of this is Blue Green Algae, which is spreading through many bodies of water in rural Victoria, such as the Gippsland Lakes.
Costly, laborious and time-consuming efforts at control of these species has met with little success and this continues to be a major problem area in the conservation of Australia's biodiversity.
Many of the introduced species are not regulated through wildlife services and can be regularly hunted year round. Some states even fund hunting initiatives though the efficacy of these programs are disputed.
Human impact and conservation
For at least 40,000 years, Australia's fauna played an integral role in the traditional lifestyles of Indigenous Australians, who relied upon many species as a source of food and skins. Vertebrates commonly harvested included macropods, possums, seals, fish and the short-tailed shearwater, most commonly known as the muttonbird. Invertebrates used as food included insects such as the bogong moth and larvae collectively called witchetty grubs and molluscs. The use of fire-stick farming, in which large swathes of bushland were burnt to facilitate hunting, modified both flora and fauna – and are thought to have contributed to the extinction of large herbivores with a specialised diet, such as the flightless birds from the genus Genyornis. The role of hunting and landscape modification by aboriginal people in the extinction of the Australian megafauna is debated, but increasingly favours the idea humans were responsible for megafaunal extinction.
Despite the major impact of Aboriginals on native species populations, this is considered to be less significant than that of the European settlers, whose impact on the landscape has been on a relatively large scale. Since European settlement, direct exploitation of native fauna, habitat destruction and the introduction of exotic predators and competitive herbivores has led to the extinction of some 27 mammal, 23 bird and 4 frog species. Much of Australia's fauna is protected by legislation. The federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 was created to meet Australia's obligations as a signatory to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity. This act protects all native fauna and provides for the identification and protection of threatened species. In each state and territory, there is statutory listing of threatened species. At present, 380 animal species are classified as either endangered or threatened under the EPBC Act, and other species are protected under state and territory legislation. More broadly, a complete cataloguing of all the species within Australia has been undertaken, a key step in the conservation of Australian fauna and biodiversity. In 1973, the federal government established the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), which coordinates research in the taxonomy, identification, classification and distribution of flora and fauna. The ABRS maintains free online databases cataloguing much of the described Australian flora and fauna. Impacts such as the illegal setting of traps in rivers affect animals such as the Australian platypus, along with lack of awareness each year an average of 2–5 Australians lose their lives to what is presumed a safe creature. The key is understanding of Australia's diverse wildlife and fauna; what seems safe is often deadly.
The Australian Wildlife Conservancy is the largest private owner of land for conservation in the country which is dedicated to protecting endangered species across 4.8 million hectares of land in the most popular regions such as the Kimberley, Cape York, Lake Eyre and the Top End. This not-for-profit organisation is working hard to avoid extinction of the endangered native species in various wildlife sanctuaries.
Australia is a member of the International Whaling Commission and is strongly opposed to commercial whaling — all cetacean species are protected in Australian waters. Australia is also a signatory to the CITES agreement and prohibits the export of endangered species. Protected areas have been created in every state and territory to protect and preserve the country's unique ecosystems. These protected areas include national parks and other reserves, as well as 64 wetlands registered under the Ramsar Convention and 16 World Heritage Sites. , 10.8% (774,619.51 km2) of the total land area of Australia is within protected areas. Protected marine zones have been created in many areas to preserve marine biodiversity; , these areas cover about 7% (646,000 km2) of Australia's marine jurisdiction. The Great Barrier Reef is managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority under specific federal and state legislation. Some of Australia's fisheries are already overexploited, and quotas have been set for the sustainable harvest of many marine species.
The State of the Environment Report, 2001, prepared by independent researchers for the federal government, concluded that the condition of the environment and environmental management in Australia had worsened since the previous report in 1996. Of particular relevance to wildlife conservation, the report indicated that many processes — such as salinity, changing hydrological conditions, land clearing, fragmentation of ecosystems, poor management of the coastal environment, and invasive species — pose major problems for protecting Australia's biodiversity.
See also
List of mammals of Australia
List of Australian monotremes and marsupials
List of Australian bats
List of Australian rodents
List of placental mammals introduced to Australia
List of Australian marine mammals
List of Australian birds
List of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds
List of birds of Tasmania
List of ants of Australia
List of butterflies of Australia
List of moths of Australia
List of Australian stick insects and mantids
List of Dermapterans of Australia
List of common Australian spiders
List of extinct animals of Australia
List of introduced fish in Australia
Threatened fauna of Australia
List of Australian animals extinct in the Holocene
List of marine animals of Australia (temperate waters)
Environmental issues in Australia
Notes
References
Berra, T. M. 1998. A Natural History of Australia. Academic Press
Egerton, L. ed. 2005. Encyclopedia of Australian wildlife. Reader's Digest
Kuiter, R. H. 2000. Coastal fishes of south-eastern Australia. Gary Allen
McKay, G. M. et al. 1989. Biogeography and Phylogeny of Eutheria. In Fauna of Australia (D. W. Walton and B. J. Richardson, eds.). Mammalia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 1B:1–1227.
Menkhorst, P. W.; Knight, F. 2004. A field guide to the mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press
Prokop, F. B. 2006. Australian fish guide. Australian Fishing Network.
Strahan, R. ed. 1983. The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals. Angus & Robertson
Walton, D. W. Ed. 1987. Fauna of Australia, Volume 1A. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Wells, A. Ed. 2005. Australian Faunal Directory], Department of Environment and Heritage
Wilson, S.; Swan, G. 2017. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 5th Edition. Reed New Holland
External links
Australian Biological Resources Study
Australian Insect Common names
Australian Museum, Australia's natural history museum
Crustacean Gallery- Marine crustacean from southeastern Australia
The Reptile Database
University of Melbourne Australian Venom Research Unit, descriptions and images of venomous species
Fauna of Australia, full contents of Mammalia and some of Amphibia & Reptilia available in .pdf format
30+ Native Australian Animals - Facts, Pics & Where To Find Them |
Nandita Das is an Indian actress and film maker. She has acted in over 40 feature films in ten different languages. Das appeared in the films Fire (1996), Earth (1998), Bawandar (2000), Kannathil Muthamittal (2002), Azhagi (2002), Kamli (2006), and Before The Rains (2007). Her directorial debut Firaaq (2008), premiered at the Toronto Film Festival and travelled to more than 50 festivals, winning more than 20 awards. Her second film as a director was Manto (2018). Based on the life of 20th Century Indo-Pakistani short story writer Sadat Hasan Manto, the film was screened at Cannes Film Festival in the "Un Certain Regard" section. In September 2019, Das produced a two-minute Public Service Announcement music video India's Got Colour. The music video is about the issue of colourism and urges the audience to celebrate India's diversity of skin colour. Her first book, 'Manto & I', chronicles her 6-year long journey of making the film. She wrote, directed, produced and acted in a short film called, Listen to Her, that sheds light on the increase in domestic violence and overburden of work that women have been facing during the lockdown.
Also sought petition seeking the commutation of the death sentence handed out to Ajmal Kasab.
Das has served twice on the jury of the Cannes Film Festival. In 2005, she served on the main competition jury alongside Fatih Akin, Javier Bardem, Salma Hayek, Benoît Jacquot, Emir Kusturica, Toni Morrison, Agnès Varda, and John Woo. In 2013, she served on the Cinéfondation and short films jury with Jane Campion, Maji-da Abdi, Nicoletta Braschi, and Semih Kaplanoğlu.
In 2011, she was made Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters) by the French Government, one of the nation's highest civilian awards. She was commended for her "contribution towards the development of Indo-French cooperation in the field of cinema." In 2009, France released a stamp featuring Das, from artist Titouan Lamazou's project "Women of the World."
Das was the first Indian inducted into the International Hall of Fame of the International Women's Forum in Washington, DC. She was recognized in 2011 for "her sustained contributions to the arts and to the world as one of the most gripping cinema arts leaders of our time." Her fellow inductees were Anna Fendi, Heidi Klum, and Madam Chen Zhili.
Early life and education
Das' father is the artist Jatin Das, and her mother is Varsha Das, a writer. She was born in Mumbai and grew up mostly in Delhi in an Odia family, where she attended the Sardar Patel Vidyalaya school. She received bachelor's degree in Geography from Miranda House and Master of Social Work from the Delhi School of Social Work, both affiliated with the University of Delhi.
Das was a Yale World Fellow in 2014. She was one of 16 emerging global leaders chosen from nearly 4000 applicants.
She has also taught at the Rishi Valley School.
Career
Acting
Das has acted in over 40 feature films with directors such as Mrinal Sen, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Shyam Benegal, Deepa Mehta, and Mani Ratnam. She began her acting career with the street theatre group Jana Natya Manch. She is best known for her performances in director Deepa Mehta films Fire (1996) and Earth (1998; alongside Aamir Khan), Bawander (directed by Jagmohan Mundhra), and Naalu Pennungal (directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan ). She has also acted in the movie Before the Rains, an Indian-British period drama film directed by Santosh Sivan.She has acted in films in ten different languages: English, Hindi, Bengali, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Marathi, Odia, and Kannada. The Tamil actor Sukanya provided Das' speaking voice in the Tamil classic Kannathil Muthamittal.
Das co-wrote, directed and acted in a play called Between the Lines (2014). She has also acted in Khamosh! Adalat jaari hai (2017), a Cineplay production written by Vijay Tendulkar.
Direction
In 2008, she directed her first film, Firaaq. The film is a work of fiction "based on a thousand true stories" and is set a month after the 2002 Gujarat riots in India. It is an ensemble film that interweaves multiple stories over a 24-hour period, as the characters from different strata of society, grapple with the lingering effects of violence. Das said that the film "gave a voice to so much that remains silent". In 2018, Nandita directed Manto. Das decided to make a film on Manto after reading a translation of his stories in 2012. She always had Nawazuddin Siddiqui in mind for the role and approached him for the same. The film was premiered in Cannes Film Festival in 2018. The film was also screened at Toronto International Film Festival. In 2019 Das produced and directed a PSA music video, 'India's Got Colour'. Her third directorial venture Zwigato explores the life of a food delivery rider and his family, starring Kapil Sharma and Shahana Goswami in the lead roles. The film is also produced by her company NDI, in collaboration with Applause Entertainment. Zwigato was released in India on 17 March 2023.
Voice narration
Das narrated the children's audiobook series Under the Banyan, and Mahatma Gandhi's autobiography by Charkha Audiobooks, The Story of My Experiments with Truth. She was also a voice actor in the children's television series Wonder Pets, as the Bengal Tiger in the episode Save the Bengal Tiger (2007).
She also sang the song Ramleela for the movie Aks and Jagya Sarsi for the movie Bawandar.
Listen to Her
During the pandemic, in May 2020, she wrote, directed and acted in a short film called, Listen to Her. The 7 min film, produced by Nandita Das Initiatives, is about the increase in domestic violence and overburden of work that women are facing during the lock-down. It was supported by UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women and South Asia Foundation.
Personal life
In 2002, Das married Saumya Sen. The couple began Leapfrog, a media organisation geared towards making socially conscious ad films. The couple divorced in 2007. After dating Subodh Maskara, a Mumbai industrialist, for a couple of months, she married him on 2 January 2010 and moved to Mumbai. Das and Maskara have a son named Vihaan. In January 2017, the couple announced that they have parted ways.
Nandita Das is an atheist. She claims she has no religious affiliation -- "If I aligned with anything it would probably be Buddhism," she said.
Activism
Das has master's degree in Social Work from the University of Delhi. She has worked for children's rights, HIV/AIDS awareness, to end violence against women. In 2009, Das was appointed Chairperson of the Children's Film Society of India. In 2012, she was the guest of honour at the iVolunteer Awards, held in Mumbai. Das also donated to the launch of the investigative journalism magazine Tehelka, founded by Tarun Tejpal.
India's Got Colour (Dark is Beautiful) campaign
In 2013, Das became the face of the "Dark is Beautiful" campaign. Launched by Women of Worth in 2009, the campaign aims to draw attention to the effects of discrimination based on skin color in India. The campaign urges women and men to celebrate the beauty and diversity of all skin tones, using slogans such as "Stay UNfair, Stay Beautiful." Das said in 2014: In the [Indian film] industry a makeup man or a cinematographer would come and say can you lighten your skin a little, especially when you are playing the middle class educated character. In 2019, the Campaign was reinvented as India’s Got Colour. Along with Mahesh Mathai, Nandita Das has produced and co-directed a two-minute PSA for the campaign. The music video features several eminent artists from the Indian Film Industry.
Speaking engagements
Das has been a featured speaker at various platforms in India and abroad, including at MIT (in 2007, after a screening of Fire), and at Tufts University (in 2014, on gender in society and cinema).
In 2016, she gave a TEDx talk at TEDxWalledCity on "The Biggest Hypocrisy of Our Times: Our Attitude to Poverty." In 2011, she spoke at TEDxNarimanPoint, on "Transformation in Education".
In 2019. she gave a Tedx talk at TEDxShivNadarUniversity about A Mother's Journey With Anger
Accolades
In August 2018 Power Brands awarded Nandita Das the Bharatiya Manavata Vikas Puraskar for being a polymath with purpose, advocating issues of communal harmony, peace and social justice, especially for women, children and the marginalized "others" through various platforms, for her expressions of courage and compassion on celluloid and her steadfast faith in the power of cinema effecting social change for a better world.
For acting
For directing
Filmography
Actor
Director
Bibliography
Manto and I. Aleph Book Company.
References
External links
Dark is Beautiful
Interview 2003
Living people
Actresses from Mumbai
Film directors from Mumbai
Screenwriters from Mumbai
Women writers from Maharashtra
Actresses from Delhi
Delhi University alumni
Indian film actresses
Indian women film directors
Indian women screenwriters
Hindi-language film directors
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Filmfare Awards winners
Nandi Award winners
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners
Odia people
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Bengali cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Urdu cinema
Actresses in Odia cinema
Actresses in Marathi cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Actresses in Gujarati cinema
Indian atheists
Indian expatriates in Spain
Indian expatriate actresses in Pakistan
20th-century Indian actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
20th-century Indian film directors
21st-century Indian film directors
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The Massacre at 11th Parallel occurred in November 1963, when men hired by a rubber company killed 3500 members of the indigenous Amazon group Cinta Larga and destroyed their village. Only two villagers survived.
The massacre was a part of the larger, ongoing genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil.
Background
In the late 19th century, a rubber boom occurred in the Amazon, which had a largely negative impact on the native inhabitants. Indigenous people were used for slave labor in order to produce rubber. The spread of various diseases and violence associated with the rubber boom reduced the indigenous population of the area by 90%. Many of the survivors fled into remote parts of the Amazon, where their descendants settled.
The 1920s conflict between the Cinta Larga group and rubber tappers grew in the 1960s. In 1960, the feud was continuing when the Cuiabá-Porto Velho (BR-364) highway was inaugurated. The Cinta Larga faced multiple threats including rubber tappers and prospectors prospecting for gold and diamonds.
Massacre and aftermath
The massacre took place in the headwaters of the Aripuanã River in Mato Grosso, at the 11th parallel south, where the Brazilian firm Arruda, Junqueira & Co was collecting rubber. The massacre was planned by the head of the firm, Antonio Mascarenhas Junqueira. He wanted to remove the Cinta Larga from the area. He said, "These Indians are parasites, they are shameful. It’s time to finish them off, it’s time to eliminate these pests. Let’s liquidate these vagabonds."
He then hired a plane to drop dynamite on the village and gunmen to attack the village on foot with machine guns to kill any survivors. The gunmen, in one incident, took a baby from a breastfeeding mother and shot the baby's head off. They then hung the woman upside down and sliced her in half. Two villagers survived the attack while 30 perished.
The attack came to light when one of the perpetrators, Atayde Pereira dos Santos, reported it and those responsible to the Serviço de Proteção ao Índio (SPI) Inspectorate in Cuiabá, after not being paid the amount of money he had been promised. At the trial of one of the accused, the presiding judge said, "We have never listened to a case where there was so much violence, so much ignominy, egoism and savagery and so little appreciation of human life." In 1975 one of the perpetrators, José Duarte de Prado, was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment, but was pardoned later that year. He declared during the trial, "It’s good to kill Indians – they are lazy and treacherous." Although 134 officials faced initial charges of alleged involvement in more than 1,000 crimes related to the massacre, none were jailed.
Details of the massacre were included in the landmark Figueiredo Report of 1967, which led to the replacement of the SPI with the Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI).
The indigenous rights campaign group Survival International was founded in response to the report, two years after its original release by public prosecutor Jader de Figueiredo Correia. More recently, Survival International used this massacre as an example of why disconnected tribes avoid contact with the outside world, in an article titled 'Why do they hide?'
See also
List of massacres in Brazil
Genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil
References
Massacres in Brazil
1963 in Brazil
Mass murder in 1963
Conflicts in 1963
Massacres in 1963
Mato Grosso
Indigenous topics of the Amazon
1963 murders in Brazil |
Sargam Jassu in an Indian music composer. He, along with Nakash Aziz, won the Indian Television Academy Awards (2022) his work in Hindi television drama Anupamaa. He also won the same award in 2019 for Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala.
Career
Jassu was born in Rajasthan. His father was a lyricist of devotional songs. He started his career as an assistant sound engineer in 2002. Previously, he worked as a trainee at Krishna Studios. His first film as a sound engineer was Main Hoon Na (2004).
In 1995, Jassu moved to Mumbai to pursue his career in music. In 2006, he met music composer Nakash Aziz. Jassu started his career as a music composer with a Hindi television series Chandragupta Maurya (2011). He has composed music for television series including Anupamaa, Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai, Faltu, and Pandya Store. Katha Ankahee and Woh Toh Hai Albelaa. He has also recreated Hindi song Chhaap Tilak for the web series Dark 7 White. He composed background score for ZEE5's Hindi film Badnaam Gali which was released on Zee 5.
References
External links
Living people
Musicians from Rajasthan
People from Rajasthan
21st-century Indian composers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Anjali Abrol is an Indian actress best known for her role in the Indian television series Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat. Anjali participated in Nach Baliye 4 with Kapil Nirmal in 2008. She made a debut in Bollywood with Singh Saab the Great in 2013.
Career
Anjali grabbed her first role at the age of 15 in a 2008 Star Plus series Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat. She also acted in a Bollywood movie as Simar in Singh Saab the Great.
Television
Filmography
References
External links
Living people
1990s births
Year of birth uncertain
Indian television actresses
Indian soap opera actresses
People from Jammu (city)
Actresses from Jammu and Kashmir |
Wynfrid Lawrence Henry Duckworth (5 June 1870 – 14 February 1956) was a British anatomist, and former Master of Jesus College, Cambridge. The Duckworth Laboratory (Department of Biological Anthropology) at Cambridge University is named after him.
Life
Wynfrid Lawrence Henry Duckworth was born in Liverpool to Henry Duckworth and Mary Bennett, Duckworth attended Birkenhead School and the École Libre des Cordéliers before studying sciences at Jesus College, Cambridge. He began a lifelong college fellowship in 1893, and during the Second World War served as Master. Duckworth obtained his medical degree in 1905 after training at St Bartholomew's Hospital. in 1910 he was reporting on excavations that he was involved with in Gibraltar. He found an ancient skeleton in Cave S. He taught physical anthropology and anatomy during various periods, interrupted by a term on the General Medical Council and a commission in the Royal Army Medical Corps. He also served as the president of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland from 1941 to 1943. Duckworth was the last surviving member of the Anatomical Society to have been elected in the 1800s. Duckworth lived for exactly one year after his wife, dying at a nursing home in Cambridge.
The Duckworth Collection
Duckworth performed anthropological and anatomical research for much of his career, and accumulated a collection that supplied both the Cambridge anatomy school museum and the new Duckworth Laboratory in the University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. The Duckworth Collection is now held in the Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, where it is available for academic study
References
External links
1870 births
1956 deaths
British anatomists
Presidents of the Anatomical Society |
Ficimia variegata, the Tehuantepec hook-nosed snake, is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is found in Mexico.
References
Reptiles described in 1858
Ficimia
Endemic reptiles of Mexico
Taxa named by Albert Günther |
The Singapore national netball team are the national netball team representing Singapore. The Singapore team have competed at eight World Netball Championships (1967, 1975, 1999, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019 and 2023). They have also won three Nations Cup titles (2006, 2007 and 2023).
In 2005, the team won the Asian Netball Championship with a win over the Malaysian team, scoring 53–39 in the finals.
In 2015, the team clinched the Southeast Asian Games gold medal edging out Malaysia, 46-43 in the final.
As of 30 June 2023, Singapore are 28th on the INF World Rankings.
They are currently coached by Annete Pearce from New Zealand, and captained by Charmaine Soh.
Players
The following twelve players represented Singapore at the 2023 Netball World Cup.
Toh Kai Wei (Co-Captain)
Khor Ting Fang (Co-Captain)
Aqilah Andin (Vice-Captain)
Amandeep Kaur
Angelina Lim
Goh Wei Ping
Jamie Lim
Kimberly Lim
Rachel Ling
Reena Manogaran
Tan Yi Jie
Yew Shu Ning
Lee Pei Shan
Reserves:
K Mishalenee
Laura Low
Sherlyn Yip
Competitive history
Head coaches
References
Netball
National netball teams of Asia
Netball in Singapore
Australian Netball League teams |
The Pakistan Automotive Manufacturers Association (PAMA) () is a trade group of automobile manufacturers that operate in Pakistan.
It is the leading advocacy group for the Pakistan auto industry. Licensed by the Ministry of Commerce under the Trade Organizations Ordinance 2007.
PAMA also serves as the central source of statistical data for the automotive industry.
PAMA is playing a key role in enabling the Pakistani Auto Industry to become a Global Player.
Members
Al-Ghazi Tractors
Al Haj Faw
Atlas Honda Motorcycles
Crown Motor Company
Dewan Farooque Motors
DYL Motorcycles
Fateh Motors
Ghandhara Industries
Ghandhara Nissan
Ghani Automobile Industries
Hinopak Motors
Honda Atlas Cars Pakistan
Indus Motors Company
Karakoram Motors
Kausar Automobiles
Master Motors
Millat Tractors
Omega Industries
Pak Suzuki
Plum Qingqi Motors
Raazy Motors Industries
Ravi Motorcycles
Orient Automotive
Sazgar
Sigma Motors
Sohrab Cycles
Super Asia Motors
United Motorcycles
Volvo Pakistan
Yamaha Motor Pakistan
See also
Automobile industry in Pakistan
References
Motor trade associations
Trade associations based in Pakistan
Automotive industry in Pakistan |
Mwadui Airport is an airport serving the Williamson diamond mine, in the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania. The runway extends along the east side of the mine pit.
The Mwadui non-directional beacon (Ident: WM) is on the field.
See also
List of airports in Tanzania
Transport in Tanzania
References
External links
OurAirports – Mwadui
OpenStreetMap – Mwadui
Airports in Tanzania
Buildings and structures in the Shinyanga Region |
```java
/*
*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
* permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
* conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
* conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
* with the distribution.
*
* 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to
* endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written
* permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
* GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
* OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
package com.oracle.truffle.llvm.parser.model.symbols.instructions;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.parser.model.SymbolImpl;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.parser.model.SymbolTable;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.parser.model.blocks.InstructionBlock;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.parser.model.visitors.SymbolVisitor;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.runtime.types.Type;
public final class PhiInstruction extends ValueInstruction {
private final SymbolImpl[] values;
private final InstructionBlock[] blocks;
private PhiInstruction(Type type, int size) {
super(type);
values = new SymbolImpl[size];
blocks = new InstructionBlock[size];
}
@Override
public void accept(SymbolVisitor visitor) {
visitor.visit(this);
}
public InstructionBlock getBlock(int index) {
return blocks[index];
}
public int getSize() {
return values.length;
}
public SymbolImpl getValue(int index) {
return values[index];
}
@Override
public void replace(SymbolImpl original, SymbolImpl replacment) {
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
if (values[i] == original) {
values[i] = replacment;
}
}
}
public static PhiInstruction generate(SymbolTable symbols, Type type, int[] values, InstructionBlock[] blocks) {
final PhiInstruction phi = new PhiInstruction(type, values.length);
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
phi.values[i] = symbols.getForwardReferenced(values[i], phi);
phi.blocks[i] = blocks[i];
}
return phi;
}
}
``` |
Yemi Tella (c. 1951 – 20 October 2007) was the coach of the Nigerian football team that won the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup. He was awarded the title of 2007 African coach of the year.
Tella, a former lecturer at the National Institute for Sports in Lagos, had been diagnosed with lung cancer when he led his team to a pre-World Cup eight-nation tournament in South Korea in June 2007.
A month before his death, he was awarded the Member of the Order of the Federal Republic medal - an important honour - for his achievement, by the Nigerian president Umaru Yar'Adua.
Tella spent the last two weeks of his life at the Lagos State Teaching Hospital. He died on 20 October 2007, aged 56.
References
External links
BBC obit
1951 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Lagos
Deaths from cancer in Nigeria
Members of the Order of the Federal Republic |
Herbert Geer was an Australian commercial law firm with offices located in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane.
History
The law firm of Herbert Geer was founded on 26 January 1939 when Keith Geer commenced his sole practice in Bank Place, off Collins Street, Melbourne. After the disruption of the Second World War, Keith Geer resumed his practice and was joined in 1946 by Geoffrey Herbert, who continued to operate from his office in Black Rock.
The firm was known as Herbert & Geer and was largely a conveyancing practice. In 1950 the partnership expanded further with the addition of Eric Rundle and in 1960 it assumed the name, Herbert Geer & Rundle. In 1962 the Melbourne office relocated to 113 William Street, taking with it a total of ten partners and staff and three residents in the office at Black Rock. At about this time the firm purchased an office in Niddrie at the request of the Bank of New South Wales, for professional expansion in this area. This office was sold in 1988. Between 1962 and 1970, three small practices were absorbed into Herbert Geer & Rundle; Farmer & Ramsay, Williams & Matthews and the office of Cyril Brooks. Many clients from these three firms are still associated with the firm today.
The firm achieved publicity in the early 1970s by handling the defendant’s litigation for all workers' compensation claims arising from the Westgate bridge collapse. Further office relocations occurred with moves to Owen Dixon Chambers and BHP House before arriving at the State Bank Building in 1983. At that time the firm comprised 35 persons and was well known for its strong commercial practice focusing on tax. The prominent partners were then Leon Gorr, David Geer and Tom May.
In July 1985 the firm took the pivotal step of acquiring an insurance litigation practice of 11 persons led by Richard Mole. By 1989 Herbert Geer & Rundle had one of the largest insurance practices in Victoria. The firm had 12 partners and 110 staff.
The commercial lawyer Greg Basser joined the firm and developed a large and strong practice. The decade commencing in 1990 was considered to be the halcyon period for the firm. Many concluded that in financial terms the firm was the most profitable in Australia.
In April 1999, Richard Mole for the firm opened a Sydney office and expanded to Brisbane in early 2001.
Some key partners, including Basser, left the firm early in the next decade but it was in 2006 when Herbert Geer & Rundle suffered near fatal wounds. Five litigation partners, including Richard Mole left the firm. Further, David Geer retired and Andrew Newbold resigned.
In 2008 the firm rebranded as Herbert Geer and, in the absence of organic growth, sought mergers. It joined with Brisbane firm Nicol Robinson Halletts Lawyers, as well as the boutique construction firm RDK in Sydney.
Herbert Geer acted for iiNet Limited, an Australian ISP, in its defence of a landmark Federal Court claim and subsequent appeal brought by a group of major film studios alleging that iiNet had authorised copyright infringements by its subscribers, and in successfully arguing the matter of Kirk v Industrial Relations Commission in the High Court.
In 2014, Herbert Geer merged with Thomsons Lawyers to form Thomson Geer.
External links
Official website
References
Law firms of Australia
Organizations established in 1939
1939 establishments in Australia
Australian companies established in 1939 |
```javascript
/*
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
* in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
* * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/**
* @constructor
* @extends {WebInspector.SDKModel}
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel = function(target)
{
WebInspector.SDKModel.call(this, WebInspector.IndexedDBModel, target);
this._agent = target.indexedDBAgent();
/** @type {!Map.<!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId, !WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Database>} */
this._databases = new Map();
/** @type {!Object.<string, !Array.<string>>} */
this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin = {};
}
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.KeyTypes = {
NumberType: "number",
StringType: "string",
DateType: "date",
ArrayType: "array"
};
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.KeyPathTypes = {
NullType: "null",
StringType: "string",
ArrayType: "array"
};
/**
* @param {*} idbKey
* @return {?Object}
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.keyFromIDBKey = function(idbKey)
{
if (typeof(idbKey) === "undefined" || idbKey === null)
return null;
var key = {};
switch (typeof(idbKey)) {
case "number":
key.number = idbKey;
key.type = WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.KeyTypes.NumberType;
break;
case "string":
key.string = idbKey;
key.type = WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.KeyTypes.StringType;
break;
case "object":
if (idbKey instanceof Date) {
key.date = idbKey.getTime();
key.type = WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.KeyTypes.DateType;
} else if (Array.isArray(idbKey)) {
key.array = [];
for (var i = 0; i < idbKey.length; ++i)
key.array.push(WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.keyFromIDBKey(idbKey[i]));
key.type = WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.KeyTypes.ArrayType;
}
break;
default:
return null;
}
return key;
}
/**
* @param {?IDBKeyRange=} idbKeyRange
* @return {?{lower: ?Object, upper: ?Object, lowerOpen: *, upperOpen: *}}
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.keyRangeFromIDBKeyRange = function(idbKeyRange)
{
if (typeof idbKeyRange === "undefined" || idbKeyRange === null)
return null;
var keyRange = {};
keyRange.lower = WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.keyFromIDBKey(idbKeyRange.lower);
keyRange.upper = WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.keyFromIDBKey(idbKeyRange.upper);
keyRange.lowerOpen = idbKeyRange.lowerOpen;
keyRange.upperOpen = idbKeyRange.upperOpen;
return keyRange;
}
/**
* @param {!IndexedDBAgent.KeyPath} keyPath
* @return {?string|!Array.<string>|undefined}
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.idbKeyPathFromKeyPath = function(keyPath)
{
var idbKeyPath;
switch (keyPath.type) {
case WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.KeyPathTypes.NullType:
idbKeyPath = null;
break;
case WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.KeyPathTypes.StringType:
idbKeyPath = keyPath.string;
break;
case WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.KeyPathTypes.ArrayType:
idbKeyPath = keyPath.array;
break;
}
return idbKeyPath;
}
/**
* @param {?string|!Array.<string>|undefined} idbKeyPath
* @return {?string}
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.keyPathStringFromIDBKeyPath = function(idbKeyPath)
{
if (typeof idbKeyPath === "string")
return "\"" + idbKeyPath + "\"";
if (idbKeyPath instanceof Array)
return "[\"" + idbKeyPath.join("\", \"") + "\"]";
return null;
}
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.EventTypes = {
DatabaseAdded: "DatabaseAdded",
DatabaseRemoved: "DatabaseRemoved",
DatabaseLoaded: "DatabaseLoaded"
}
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.prototype = {
enable: function()
{
if (this._enabled)
return;
this._agent.enable();
this.target().resourceTreeModel.addEventListener(WebInspector.ResourceTreeModel.EventTypes.SecurityOriginAdded, this._securityOriginAdded, this);
this.target().resourceTreeModel.addEventListener(WebInspector.ResourceTreeModel.EventTypes.SecurityOriginRemoved, this._securityOriginRemoved, this);
var securityOrigins = this.target().resourceTreeModel.securityOrigins();
for (var i = 0; i < securityOrigins.length; ++i)
this._addOrigin(securityOrigins[i]);
this._enabled = true;
},
refreshDatabaseNames: function()
{
for (var securityOrigin in this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin)
this._loadDatabaseNames(securityOrigin);
},
/**
* @param {!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId} databaseId
*/
refreshDatabase: function(databaseId)
{
this._loadDatabase(databaseId);
},
/**
* @param {!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId} databaseId
* @param {string} objectStoreName
* @param {function()} callback
*/
clearObjectStore: function(databaseId, objectStoreName, callback)
{
this._agent.clearObjectStore(databaseId.securityOrigin, databaseId.name, objectStoreName, callback);
},
/**
* @param {!WebInspector.Event} event
*/
_securityOriginAdded: function(event)
{
var securityOrigin = /** @type {string} */ (event.data);
this._addOrigin(securityOrigin);
},
/**
* @param {!WebInspector.Event} event
*/
_securityOriginRemoved: function(event)
{
var securityOrigin = /** @type {string} */ (event.data);
this._removeOrigin(securityOrigin);
},
/**
* @param {string} securityOrigin
*/
_addOrigin: function(securityOrigin)
{
console.assert(!this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[securityOrigin]);
this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[securityOrigin] = [];
this._loadDatabaseNames(securityOrigin);
},
/**
* @param {string} securityOrigin
*/
_removeOrigin: function(securityOrigin)
{
console.assert(this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[securityOrigin]);
for (var i = 0; i < this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[securityOrigin].length; ++i)
this._databaseRemoved(securityOrigin, this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[securityOrigin][i]);
delete this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[securityOrigin];
},
/**
* @param {string} securityOrigin
* @param {!Array.<string>} databaseNames
*/
_updateOriginDatabaseNames: function(securityOrigin, databaseNames)
{
var newDatabaseNames = databaseNames.keySet();
var oldDatabaseNames = this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[securityOrigin].keySet();
this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[securityOrigin] = databaseNames;
for (var databaseName in oldDatabaseNames) {
if (!newDatabaseNames[databaseName])
this._databaseRemoved(securityOrigin, databaseName);
}
for (var databaseName in newDatabaseNames) {
if (!oldDatabaseNames[databaseName])
this._databaseAdded(securityOrigin, databaseName);
}
},
/**
* @return {!Array.<!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId>}
*/
databases: function()
{
var result = [];
for (var securityOrigin in this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin) {
var databaseNames = this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[securityOrigin];
for (var i = 0; i < databaseNames.length; ++i) {
result.push(new WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId(securityOrigin, databaseNames[i]));
}
}
return result;
},
/**
* @param {string} securityOrigin
* @param {string} databaseName
*/
_databaseAdded: function(securityOrigin, databaseName)
{
var databaseId = new WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId(securityOrigin, databaseName);
this.dispatchEventToListeners(WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.EventTypes.DatabaseAdded, databaseId);
},
/**
* @param {string} securityOrigin
* @param {string} databaseName
*/
_databaseRemoved: function(securityOrigin, databaseName)
{
var databaseId = new WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId(securityOrigin, databaseName);
this.dispatchEventToListeners(WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.EventTypes.DatabaseRemoved, databaseId);
},
/**
* @param {string} securityOrigin
*/
_loadDatabaseNames: function(securityOrigin)
{
/**
* @param {?Protocol.Error} error
* @param {!Array.<string>} databaseNames
* @this {WebInspector.IndexedDBModel}
*/
function callback(error, databaseNames)
{
if (error) {
console.error("IndexedDBAgent error: " + error);
return;
}
if (!this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[securityOrigin])
return;
this._updateOriginDatabaseNames(securityOrigin, databaseNames);
}
this._agent.requestDatabaseNames(securityOrigin, callback.bind(this));
},
/**
* @param {!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId} databaseId
*/
_loadDatabase: function(databaseId)
{
/**
* @param {?Protocol.Error} error
* @param {!IndexedDBAgent.DatabaseWithObjectStores} databaseWithObjectStores
* @this {WebInspector.IndexedDBModel}
*/
function callback(error, databaseWithObjectStores)
{
if (error) {
console.error("IndexedDBAgent error: " + error);
return;
}
if (!this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[databaseId.securityOrigin])
return;
var databaseModel = new WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Database(databaseId, databaseWithObjectStores.version, databaseWithObjectStores.intVersion);
this._databases.set(databaseId, databaseModel);
for (var i = 0; i < databaseWithObjectStores.objectStores.length; ++i) {
var objectStore = databaseWithObjectStores.objectStores[i];
var objectStoreIDBKeyPath = WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.idbKeyPathFromKeyPath(objectStore.keyPath);
var objectStoreModel = new WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.ObjectStore(objectStore.name, objectStoreIDBKeyPath, objectStore.autoIncrement);
for (var j = 0; j < objectStore.indexes.length; ++j) {
var index = objectStore.indexes[j];
var indexIDBKeyPath = WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.idbKeyPathFromKeyPath(index.keyPath);
var indexModel = new WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Index(index.name, indexIDBKeyPath, index.unique, index.multiEntry);
objectStoreModel.indexes[indexModel.name] = indexModel;
}
databaseModel.objectStores[objectStoreModel.name] = objectStoreModel;
}
this.dispatchEventToListeners(WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.EventTypes.DatabaseLoaded, databaseModel);
}
this._agent.requestDatabase(databaseId.securityOrigin, databaseId.name, callback.bind(this));
},
/**
* @param {!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId} databaseId
* @param {string} objectStoreName
* @param {?IDBKeyRange} idbKeyRange
* @param {number} skipCount
* @param {number} pageSize
* @param {function(!Array.<!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Entry>, boolean)} callback
*/
loadObjectStoreData: function(databaseId, objectStoreName, idbKeyRange, skipCount, pageSize, callback)
{
this._requestData(databaseId, databaseId.name, objectStoreName, "", idbKeyRange, skipCount, pageSize, callback);
},
/**
* @param {!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId} databaseId
* @param {string} objectStoreName
* @param {string} indexName
* @param {?IDBKeyRange} idbKeyRange
* @param {number} skipCount
* @param {number} pageSize
* @param {function(!Array.<!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Entry>, boolean)} callback
*/
loadIndexData: function(databaseId, objectStoreName, indexName, idbKeyRange, skipCount, pageSize, callback)
{
this._requestData(databaseId, databaseId.name, objectStoreName, indexName, idbKeyRange, skipCount, pageSize, callback);
},
/**
* @param {!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId} databaseId
* @param {string} databaseName
* @param {string} objectStoreName
* @param {string} indexName
* @param {?IDBKeyRange} idbKeyRange
* @param {number} skipCount
* @param {number} pageSize
* @param {function(!Array.<!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Entry>, boolean)} callback
*/
_requestData: function(databaseId, databaseName, objectStoreName, indexName, idbKeyRange, skipCount, pageSize, callback)
{
/**
* @param {?Protocol.Error} error
* @param {!Array.<!IndexedDBAgent.DataEntry>} dataEntries
* @param {boolean} hasMore
* @this {WebInspector.IndexedDBModel}
*/
function innerCallback(error, dataEntries, hasMore)
{
if (error) {
console.error("IndexedDBAgent error: " + error);
return;
}
if (!this._databaseNamesBySecurityOrigin[databaseId.securityOrigin])
return;
var entries = [];
for (var i = 0; i < dataEntries.length; ++i) {
var key = WebInspector.RemoteObject.fromLocalObject(JSON.parse(dataEntries[i].key));
var primaryKey = WebInspector.RemoteObject.fromLocalObject(JSON.parse(dataEntries[i].primaryKey));
var value = WebInspector.RemoteObject.fromLocalObject(JSON.parse(dataEntries[i].value));
entries.push(new WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Entry(key, primaryKey, value));
}
callback(entries, hasMore);
}
var keyRange = WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.keyRangeFromIDBKeyRange(idbKeyRange);
this._agent.requestData(databaseId.securityOrigin, databaseName, objectStoreName, indexName, skipCount, pageSize, keyRange ? keyRange : undefined, innerCallback.bind(this));
},
__proto__: WebInspector.SDKModel.prototype
}
/**
* @constructor
* @param {!WebInspector.RemoteObject} key
* @param {!WebInspector.RemoteObject} primaryKey
* @param {!WebInspector.RemoteObject} value
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Entry = function(key, primaryKey, value)
{
this.key = key;
this.primaryKey = primaryKey;
this.value = value;
}
/**
* @constructor
* @param {string} securityOrigin
* @param {string} name
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId = function(securityOrigin, name)
{
this.securityOrigin = securityOrigin;
this.name = name;
}
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId.prototype = {
/**
* @param {!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId} databaseId
* @return {boolean}
*/
equals: function(databaseId)
{
return this.name === databaseId.name && this.securityOrigin === databaseId.securityOrigin;
},
}
/**
* @constructor
* @param {!WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.DatabaseId} databaseId
* @param {string} version
* @param {number} intVersion
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Database = function(databaseId, version, intVersion)
{
this.databaseId = databaseId;
this.version = version;
this.intVersion = intVersion;
this.objectStores = {};
}
/**
* @constructor
* @param {string} name
* @param {*} keyPath
* @param {boolean} autoIncrement
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.ObjectStore = function(name, keyPath, autoIncrement)
{
this.name = name;
this.keyPath = keyPath;
this.autoIncrement = autoIncrement;
this.indexes = {};
}
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.ObjectStore.prototype = {
/**
* @type {string}
*/
get keyPathString()
{
return WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.keyPathStringFromIDBKeyPath(this.keyPath);
}
}
/**
* @constructor
* @param {string} name
* @param {*} keyPath
* @param {boolean} unique
* @param {boolean} multiEntry
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Index = function(name, keyPath, unique, multiEntry)
{
this.name = name;
this.keyPath = keyPath;
this.unique = unique;
this.multiEntry = multiEntry;
}
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.Index.prototype = {
/**
* @type {string}
*/
get keyPathString()
{
return WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.keyPathStringFromIDBKeyPath(this.keyPath);
}
}
/**
* @param {!WebInspector.Target} target
* @return {?WebInspector.IndexedDBModel}
*/
WebInspector.IndexedDBModel.fromTarget = function(target)
{
var model = /** @type {?WebInspector.IndexedDBModel} */ (target.model(WebInspector.IndexedDBModel));
if (!model)
model = new WebInspector.IndexedDBModel(target);
return model;
}
``` |
Roanoke Township is located in Woodford County, Illinois at T27N, R1W. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,558 and it contained 1,044 housing units. Roanoke Township includes within its boundaries the village of Roanoke, Illinois.
Geography
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 99.86%) is land and (or 0.14%) is water.
Demographics
References
External links
City-data.com
Illinois State Archives
Townships in Woodford County, Illinois
Townships in Illinois |
is a former Japanese football player.
Playing career
Kitade was born in Sapporo on September 18, 1976. After graduating from Dohto University, he joined the J1 League club Júbilo Iwata in 2001. However he did not play much, as the team had many national team players, such as Hideto Suzuki, Makoto Tanaka, and Go Oiwa. In 2003, he moved to the J2 League club Shonan Bellmare. He played as a right back in a three-back defense. However he could not play at all in 2005. In 2006, he moved to the Japan Football League club Tochigi SC. He did not play much in 2006, and played more often in 2007. He retired at the end of the 2007 season.
Club statistics
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Seisa Dohto University alumni
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Football League players
Júbilo Iwata players
Shonan Bellmare players
Tochigi SC players
Men's association football defenders
Association football people from Sapporo |
Schinznach-Bad is a former municipality in the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the municipality of Schinznach-Bad merged into Brugg.
Geography
Schinznach-Bad has an area, , of . Of this area, or 5.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 38.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 45.3% is settled (buildings or roads), or 9.5% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.5% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 3.7% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 15.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 12.1%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 13.7%. 37.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 2.6% is used for growing crops and 2.6% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is in rivers and streams.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure two Mullets Or and between them in chief a Crescent of the same and in base three barrulets wavy Argent.
Demographics
Schinznach-Bad has a population () of . , 26.4% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of -0.5%. Most of the population () speaks German (80.8%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common ( 5.6%) and Albanian being third ( 2.5%).
The age distribution, , in Schinznach-Bad is; 106 children or 8.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 150 teenagers or 12.1% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 166 people or 13.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 150 people or 12.1% are between 30 and 39, 206 people or 16.6% are between 40 and 49, and 191 people or 15.4% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 126 people or 10.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 88 people or 7.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 49 people or 4.0% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 7 people or 0.6% who are 90 and older.
At the same time there were 501 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household.
, there were 55 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 250 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 190 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. The average number of people per household was 2.45 individuals. there were 208 single family homes (or 36.7% of the total) out of a total of 566 homes and apartments. There were a total of 6 empty apartments for a 1.1% vacancy rate. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0.8 new units per 1000 residents.
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 37.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (20.3%), the SP (14.8%) and the CVP (9%).
In Schinznach-Bad about 68.8% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the school age population (), there are 78 students attending primary school in the municipality.
The historical population is given in the following table:
Sights
The village of Schinznach-Bad is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
Economy
, Schinznach-Bad had an unemployment rate of 2.89%. , there were 8 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 2 businesses involved in this sector. 152 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 2 businesses in this sector. 944 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 57 businesses in this sector.
there was a total of 666 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 493 or about 74.0% of the residents worked outside Schinznach-Bad while 784 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 957 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 15.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 50.5% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 349 or 27.7% were Roman Catholic, while 509 or 40.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 individuals (or about 0.16% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic faith.
References
Former municipalities of Aargau
Spa towns in Switzerland |
Colin P. McKinney (May 23, 1873 – March 30, 1944) was a justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1918 to 1942.
Born in Ripley, Tennessee, McKinney attended the public schools and Brennan Military Academy. Intending to become a court reporter, he read law with his uncle, Judge Blair Pierson, and gained admission to the bar in Tennessee in 1896. He became a chancellor of the Ninth Division of Tennessee in 1910, and after eight years in that office was elected to the newly reconstituted state supreme court.
McKinney retired from the bench in 1942, due to ill health, and died in Nashville two years later, at the age of 70.
References
1873 births
1944 deaths
People from Ripley, Tennessee
U.S. state supreme court judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Justices of the Tennessee Supreme Court |
The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham is a major, 1,215 bed, tertiary NHS and military hospital in the Edgbaston area of Birmingham, situated very close to the University of Birmingham. The hospital, which cost £545 million to construct, opened on 16 June 2010, replacing the previous Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Selly Oak Hospital. It is one of the largest single-site hospitals in the United Kingdom and is part of one of the largest teaching trusts in England.
It is named after Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, who was queen consort and wife of King George VI from 1936 until his death in 1952.
The hospital provides a whole range of services including secondary services for its local population and regional and national services for the people of the West Midlands and beyond. The hospital has the largest solid organ transplantation programme in Europe. It has the largest renal transplant programme in the United Kingdom and it is a national specialist centre for liver, heart and lung transplantation, as well as cancer studies. The hospital has the largest single-floor critical care unit in the world with 100 beds, and is the home of the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine for military personnel injured in conflict zones.
History
Origins
A variety of charitable hospitals opened in Birmingham between 1817, when the Orthopaedic Hospital opened, and 1881, when the Skin Hospital served its first patients. One of these, Queens Hospital, established in 1840 by a young local surgeon William Sands Cox, was predominantly for clinical instruction for the medical students of Birmingham. In 1884 these institutions, including Cox's medical school, united as part of Mason College, which later became the University of Birmingham.
The original Queen Elizabeth Hospital was an NHS hospital in the Edgbaston area of Birmingham situated very close to the University of Birmingham. The building ultimately cost £1,029,057, which was £129,406 less than the money raised by donations.
The new hospital
The new hospital was built adjacent to the old Queen Elizabeth Hospital site. It was built to replace the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Selly Oak Hospital, although it incorporated some of the newer parts of the old Queen Elizabeth Hospital. It was named the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, rather than the originally planned name of Birmingham Queen Elizabeth Hospital, as the Ministry of Justice ruled that no word can precede a Royal Title.
The new hospital was part of a £1 billion urban regeneration plan for Bournbrook and Selly Oak which included the construction of a £350 million retail development and the construction of the Selly Oak bypass. Proposals for the new hospital were unveiled in 1998 and the outline design, which was unveiled in January 2004, was approved by Birmingham City Council in October 2004. It was the first acute hospital to be built in Birmingham since 1937.
The new hospital was procured under a Private Finance Initiative contract with Consort Healthcare signed in early 2006. The hospital was designed by BDP Architects and construction, which was undertaken by Balfour Beatty at a cost of £545 million, began in June 2006. Five Liebherr 280 EC tower cranes were used during construction. Three of the cranes were among the tallest free-standing structures in the UK. One of the cranes was at its maximum free-standing height, under the hook and could lift 12 t at or 4.9 t at . The other two cranes stood at .
The finished complex comprised three 63-metre-tall towers, each 9 stories tall. A sky-bridge was erected between one of the towers and the retained estate allowing access to the departments of oncology, the pharmacy and the Wellcome Research Centre. As well as providing patient care, provision was made for an education centre and retail outlets.
Services from Selly Oak hospital moved in during the week beginning 16 June 2010, and services from the old Queen Elizabeth Hospital finished moving in November 2011. This allowed simplification of operation due to two hospitals being relocated to one single site, which has the same capacity as the two previous hospitals combined.
The hospital is part of the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, one of the largest teaching trusts in the country and a member of the Shelford Group collaboration of the ten largest teaching and research NHS hospital trusts in England. It also hosts the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre.
Services
The hospital has 1,215 patient beds including capacity for 100 critical care beds – largest single-floor unit in the world. It also has six MRI scanners, five CT scanners, four gamma camera/SPECT-CT systems, eight ultrasound rooms, five fluoroscopy rooms and five interventional radiology suites.
The hospital is the new home of the 'Royal Centre for Defence Medicine', which cares for injured service men and women from conflict zones, as well as training Army, Navy and Air Force medical staff.
Notable patients
Those reported to have been treated there include:
Schoolgirl and education activist Malala Yousafzai was flown in from Pakistan to receive treatment at the hospital after being shot in the head by the Taliban in an incident which she earned plaudits across the world for her bravery and determination in recovery.
Stephen Sutton, who raised millions of pounds for the Teenage Cancer Trust, died aged 19 from colon cancer at the hospital on 19 May 2014.
Notable incidents
A nurse at the hospital was suspended from the nursing register in 2013 when a panel at the Nursing and Midwifery Council proved more than 70 charges of incompetency.
A surgeon used an argon beam machine to write his initials on the organs of the anaesthetised patients in 2013.
In 2016 the death rate among patients receiving cardiac surgery was found to be above average for the country. Among other criticisms it was suggested a bullying culture had prevented staff voicing concerns.
Performance
As of October 2021 the Care Quality Commission rated the Queen Elizabeth Hospital overall as "requires improvement".
See also
Babatunde Kwaku Adadevoh
Healthcare in West Midlands
Birmingham Women's Hospital - Located adjacent to the hospital
List of hospitals in England
References
External links
University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre
Hospital buildings completed in 2010
Hospitals in Birmingham, West Midlands
Military hospitals in the United Kingdom
NHS hospitals in England
Teaching hospitals in England |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
/**
* Create `test.validate.js` contents.
*
* @module @stdlib/_tools/scaffold/test-validate-js
*
* @example
* var create = require( '@stdlib/_tools/scaffold/test-validate-js' );
*
* var code = [
* '/**',
* '* Validates function options.',
* '*',
* '* @private',
* '* @param {Object} opts - destination object',
* '* @param {Options} options - function options',
* '* @param {string} [options.sep] - separator',
* '* @returns {(Error|null)} null or an error object',
* '*\/'
* ];
* code = code.join( '\n' );
*
* var tests = create( code );
*/
// MODULES //
var main = require( './main.js' );
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = main;
``` |
Hajjiabad (, also Romanized as Ḩājjīābād, Ḩajīābād, and Ḩājīābād) is a village in Beyza Rural District, Beyza District, Sepidan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 476, in 114 families.
References
Populated places in Beyza County |
The Democratic National Committee cyber attacks took place in 2015 and 2016, in which two groups of Russian computer hackers infiltrated the Democratic National Committee (DNC) computer network, leading to a data breach. Cybersecurity experts, as well as the U.S. government, determined that the cyberespionage was the work of Russian intelligence agencies.
Forensic evidence analyzed by several cybersecurity firms, CrowdStrike, Fidelis, and Mandiant (or FireEye), strongly indicated that two Russian intelligence agencies separately infiltrated the DNC computer systems. CrowdStrike, which removed the hacking programs, revealed a history of encounters with both groups and had already named them, calling one of them Cozy Bear and the other Fancy Bear, names which are used in the media.
On December 9, 2016, the CIA told U.S. legislators that the U.S. Intelligence Community had concluded Russia conducted the cyberattacks and other operations during the 2016 U.S. election to assist Donald Trump in winning the presidency. Multiple U.S. intelligence agencies concluded that specific individuals tied to the Russian government provided WikiLeaks with stolen emails from the DNC, as well as stolen emails from Hillary Clinton's campaign chairman, who was also the target of a cyberattack. These intelligence organizations additionally concluded Russia hacked the Republican National Committee (R.N.C.) as well as the D.N.C., but chose not to leak information obtained from the R.N.C.
Cyber attacks and responsibility
Cyber attacks that successfully penetrated the DNC computing system began in 2015. Attacks by "Cozy Bear" began in the summer of 2015. Attacks by "Fancy Bear" began in April 2016. It was after the "Fancy Bear" group began their activities that the compromised system became apparent. The groups were presumed to have been spying on communications, stealing opposition research on Donald Trump, as well as reading all email and chats. Both were finally identified by CrowdStrike in May 2016. Both groups of intruders were successfully expelled from the DNC systems within hours after detection. These attacks were part of a group of attacks targeting U.S. government departments and several political organizations, including 2016 campaign organizations.
On July 22, 2016, a person or entity going by the moniker "Guccifer 2.0" claimed on a WordPress-hosted blog to have been acting alone in hacking the DNC. He also claimed to send significant amounts of stolen electronic DNC documents to WikiLeaks. WikiLeaks has not revealed the source for their leaked emails. However, cybersecurity experts and firms, including CrowdStrike, Fidelis Cybersecurity, Mandiant, SecureWorks, ThreatConnect, and the editor for Ars Technica, have rejected the claims of "Guccifer 2.0" and have determined, on the basis of substantial evidence, that the cyberattacks were committed by two Russian state-sponsored groups (Cozy Bear and Fancy Bear).
According to separate reports in The New York Times and The Washington Post, U.S. intelligence agencies have concluded with "high confidence" that the Russian government was behind the theft of emails and documents from the DNC. While the U.S. intelligence community has concluded that Russia was behind the cyberattack, intelligence officials told The Washington Post that they had "not reached a conclusion about who passed the emails to WikiLeaks" and so did not know "whether Russian officials directed the leak." A number of experts and cybersecurity analysts believe that "Guccifer 2.0" is probably a Russian government disinformation cover story to distract attention away from the DNC breach by the two Russian intelligence agencies.
President Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin had a discussion about computer security issues, which took place as a side discussion during the then-ongoing G20 summit in China in September 2016. Obama said Russian hacking stopped after his warning to Putin.
In a joint statement on October 7, 2016, the United States Department of Homeland Security and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence stated that the US intelligence community is confident that the Russian government directed the breaches and the release of the obtained material in an attempt to "… interfere with the US election process."
Background
As is common among Russian intelligence services, both groups used similar hacking tools and strategies. It is believed that neither group was aware of the other. This type of operation is antithetical to American computer intelligence methods, for fear of undermining or defeating intelligence operations of the other. However, this has been common practice for the Russian intelligence community since 2004.
This intrusion was part of several attacks attempting to access information from American political organizations, including the 2016 U.S. presidential campaigns. Both "Cozy Bear" and "Fancy Bear" are known adversaries of the United States, who have extensively engaged in political and economic espionage that benefits the Russian Federation government. Both groups are believed to be connected to the Russian intelligence services. Also, both access resources and demonstrate levels of proficiency matching nation-state capabilities.
"Cozy Bear" has in the past year infiltrated unclassified computer systems of the White House, the U.S. State Department, and the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. According to CrowdStrike, other targeted sectors include: Defense, Energy, Mining, Financial, Insurance, Legal, Manufacturing, Media, Think tanks, Pharmaceutical, Research and Technology industries as well as universities. "Cozy Bear" observed attacks have occurred in Western Europe, Brazil, China, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, South Korea, Turkey and Central Asia.
"Fancy Bear" has been operating since the mid-2000s. CrowdStrike reported targeting has included Aerospace, Defense, Energy, Government and the Media industries. "Fancy Bear" intrusions have occurred in United States, Western Europe, Brazil, Canada, China, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia and South Korea. Targeted defense ministries and military organizations parallel Russian Federation government interests. This may indicate affiliation with the Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU, a Russian military intelligence service). Specifically, "Fancy Bear" has been linked to intrusions into the German Bundestag and France's TV5 Monde (television station) in April 2015. SecureWorks, a cybersecurity firm headquartered in the United States, concluded that from March 2015 to May 2016, the "Fancy Bear" target list included not merely the DNC, but tens of thousands of foes of Putin and the Kremlin in the United States, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, and Syria. Only a handful of Republicans were targeted, however.
Hacking the DNC
On January 25, 2018, Dutch newspaper de Volkskrant and TV program Nieuwsuur reported that in 2014 and 2015, the Dutch Intelligence agency General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD) had successfully infiltrated the computers of Cozy Bear and observed the hacking of the head office of the State Department and subsequently the White House, as well as the Democratic Party, and were the first to alert the National Security Agency about the cyber-intrusion.
In 2015, the NSA apprised the FBI and other agencies of the DNC intrusions which the Dutch had secretly detected, and on August 15, 2015, the Washington field office first alerted DNC technical staff of the compromise of their systems. Much later, the lack of higher level communications between the DNC and the FBI was seen by the DNC as an "unfathomable lapse" and it wasn't until April 2016 when legal authorizations to share sensitive technical data with the government finally apprised DNC leaders that their systems had been penetrated.
"Cozy Bear" had access to DNC systems since the summer of 2015; and "Fancy Bear", since April 2016. There was no evidence of collaboration or knowledge of the other's presence within the system. Rather, the "two Russian espionage groups compromised the same systems and engaged separately in the theft of identical credentials". "Cozy Bear" employed the "Sea Daddy" implant and an obfuscated PowerShell script as a backdoor, launching malicious code
at various times and in various DNC systems. "Fancy Bear" employed X Agent malware, which enabled distant command execution, transmissions of files and keylogging, as well as the "X-Tunnel" malware.
DNC leaders became aware of the compromise in April 2016. These attacks broadly reflect Russian government interest in the U.S. political system, as well as political leaders' policies, tendencies and proclivities while assessing possible beneficial outcomes. The attacks also broadly reflect Russian government interest in the strategies, policies, and practices of the U.S. Government. This also globally reflects foreign governments' interest in ascertaining information on Donald Trump as a new entry into U.S. political leadership roles, in contrast to information likely to have been garnered over the decades pertaining to the Clintons.
The DNC commissioned the cybersecurity company CrowdStrike to defeat the intrusions. Its chief technology officer, Dmitri Alperovitch, who is also a cybersecurity expert, stated:
Other cybersecurity firms, Fidelis Cybersecurity and FireEye, independently reviewed the malware and came to the same conclusion as CrowdStrike—that expert Russian hacking groups were responsible for the breach. In November 2017, US authorities identified 6 Russian individuals who conducted the hack. Beginning in December 2016 the Russian government arrested Sergei Mikhailov, a high ranking government cyber-spy, Ruslan Stoyanov, a private sector cyber-security expert, Georgy Fomchenkov, a former government cyber-spy, and Dmitry Dokuchaev, a Mikhailov associate and charged them with aiding U.S. intelligence agencies which the New York Times associated with the DNC hacking.
Donor information
Although the DNC claimed that no personal, financial, or donor information was accessed, "Guccifer 2.0" leaked what he or they claimed were donor lists detailing DNC campaign contributions to Gawker and The Smoking Gun.
However, this information has not been authenticated, and doubts remain about Guccifer 2.0's backstory.
Guccifer 2.0
In June 2016, a person or person(s) claimed to be the hacker who had hacked the DNC servers and then published the stolen documents online. "Guccifer 2.0" later also claimed to have leaked 20.000 emails to WikiLeaks.
U.S. intelligence conclusions
The U.S. Intelligence Community tasked resources debating why Putin chose summer 2016 to escalate active measures influencing U.S. politics. Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper said after the 2011–13 Russian protests that Putin's confidence in his viability as a politician was damaged, and Putin responded with the propaganda operation. Former CIA officer Patrick Skinner explained the goal was to spread uncertainty. U.S. Congressman Adam Schiff, Ranking Member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, commented on Putin's aims, and said U.S. intelligence agencies were concerned with Russian propaganda. Speaking about disinformation that appeared in Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Poland, Schiff said there was an increase of the same behavior in the U.S. Schiff concluded Russian propaganda operations would continue against the U.S. after the election.
On December 9, 2016, the CIA told U.S. legislators the U.S. Intelligence Community concluded Russia conducted operations during the 2016 U.S. election to assist Donald Trump in winning the presidency. Multiple U.S. intelligence agencies concluded people with specific individuals tied to the Russian government gave WikiLeaks hacked emails from the Democratic National Committee (D.N.C.) and additional sources such as John Podesta, campaign chairman for Hillary Clinton. These intelligence organizations additionally concluded Russia hacked the Republican National Committee (R.N.C.) as well as the D.N.C.—and chose not to leak information obtained from the R.N.C. The CIA said the foreign intelligence agents were Russian operatives previously known to the U.S. CIA officials told U.S. Senators it was "quite clear" Russia's intentions were to help Trump. Trump released a statement December 9, and disregarded the CIA conclusions.
FBI involvement
A senior law enforcement official told CNN:
The FBI therefore had to rely on an assessment from CrowdStrike instead, who were hired by the DNC to investigate the cyber attacks.
U.S. legislative response
Members of the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee traveled to Ukraine and Poland in 2016 and learned about Russian operations to influence their affairs. U.S. Senator Angus King told the Portland Press Herald that tactics used by Russia during the 2016 U.S. election were analogous to those used against other countries. On November 30, 2016, King joined a letter in which seven members of the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee asked President Obama to publicize more information from the intelligence community on Russia's role in the U.S. election. In an interview with CNN, King warned against ignoring the problem, saying it was a bipartisan issue.
Representatives in the U.S. Congress took action to monitor the National security of the United States by advancing legislation to monitor propaganda. On November 30, 2016, legislators approved a measure within the National Defense Authorization Act to ask the U.S. State Department to act against propaganda with an inter-agency panel. The legislation authorized funding of $160 million over a two-year-period. The initiative was developed through a bipartisan bill, the Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act, written by U.S. Senators Rob Portman (Republican) and Chris Murphy (Democrat). Portman urged more U.S. government action to counter propaganda. Murphy said after the election it was apparent the U.S. needed additional tactics to fight Russian propaganda. U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee member Ron Wyden said frustration over covert Russian propaganda was bipartisan.
Republican U.S. Senators stated they planned to hold hearings and investigate Russian influence on the 2016 U.S. elections. By doing so they went against the preference of incoming Republican President-elect Donald Trump, who downplayed any potential Russian meddling in the election. U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman John McCain and U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr discussed plans for collaboration on investigations of Russian cyberwarfare during the election. U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Bob Corker planned a 2017 investigation. Senator Lindsey Graham indicated he would conduct a sweeping investigation in the 115th Congress.
President Obama order
On December 9, 2016, President Obama ordered the entire United States Intelligence Community to conduct an investigation into Russia's attempts to influence the 2016 U.S. election — and provide a report before he left office on January 20, 2017. Lisa Monaco, U.S. Homeland Security Advisor and chief counterterrorism advisor to the president, announced the study, and said the intrusion of a foreign nation into a U.S. national election was an unprecedented event that would necessitate further investigation by subsequent administrations in the executive branch. The intelligence analysis will take into account data from the last three presidential elections in the U.S. Evidence showed malicious cyberwarfare during the 2008 and 2016 U.S. elections.
See also
2016 Democratic National Committee email leak
Cold War II
Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal
Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee cyber attacks
Foreign electoral intervention
Office of Personnel Management data breach
Operation Aurora
The Plot to Hack America
Podesta emails
Russian espionage in the United States
Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections
Social media in the 2016 United States presidential election
Trump Tower meeting
Yahoo! data breaches
References
External links
Timeline of hacks and publications on Glomar Disclosure
Computer security
Democratic National Committee
Espionage
Russian intelligence agencies
2015 scandals
2016 scandals
Data breaches in the United States
2015 in the United States
2016 in the United States
Email hacking
Hacking in the 2010s
2015 in computing
2016 in computing
Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections |
Cameron Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
Cameron Township, Audubon County, Iowa
Cameron Township, Murray County, Minnesota
Cameron Township, Hall County, Nebraska
See also
East Cameron Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
West Cameron Township, Pennsylvania |
The 2002 Pacific hurricane season was an above-average season which produced fifteen named storms. Eight hurricanes formed, including three Category 5 hurricanes, which tied for the most in a season with 1994 and 2018. Moreover, the season was a near-average season in terms of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), with a total index of 125 units. The season officially began on May 15 in the East Pacific Ocean, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific and they both ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific basin. However, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year.
Tropical activity began with the formation of Tropical Storm Alma on May 24, before it became a major hurricane. The strongest hurricane of the season, Kenna, formed on October 22 and peaked as a Category 5 hurricane two days later. June was extremely quiet with no hurricanes forming during the month. August was active with four systems developing, of which two became hurricanes. Activity decreased appreciably in September throughout November as most of the storms remained weak and short-lived. The final storm of the season, Tropical Depression Sixteen-E, dissipated on November 16, about two weeks before the official end.
Land impact was relatively significant. Kenna made landfall near Puerto Vallarta, located in the Mexican state of Jalisco on October 25, killing four people. Kenna was, at the time, the second-most powerful hurricane to ever strike the western coast of Mexico, hitting with winds of 140 mph (220 km/h), as well as the strongest landfall in terms of windspeed until Hurricane Patricia in 2015. Elsewhere, Tropical Storm Julio made landfall in Mexico, and Tropical Storm Boris dumped torrential rain along the Mexican coast, despite remaining offshore. Other storms were individually unusual. Hurricanes Elida and Hernan also reached Category 5 intensity, but neither caused any damage. Hurricane Fausto had no effect on land, but it regenerated into a weak tropical storm at an abnormally high latitude. Damage across the basin reached $101.23 million (2002 USD), while 7 people were killed by Julio and Kenna.
Seasonal summary
The season officially began on May 15 in Eastern Pacific and on June 1 in Central Pacific; both ended on November 30. There were 16 tropical storms in the eastern Pacific Ocean in the season. Of those, eight became hurricanes, of which six became major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Three reached Category 5 intensity, a record shared with the 1994 season and the 2018 season. Four tropical depressions formed and dissipated before reaching the intensity of a tropical storm. In the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility, one tropical storm and two hurricanes formed, with one of the hurricanes intensifying into a major hurricane. In the eastern Pacific proper, the season saw below average activity in terms of the number of total storms and hurricanes, but about average activity in terms of major hurricanes. Only three systems, Tropical Storms Boris and Julio and Hurricane Kenna, had significant impact on land. Julio and Kenna caused the only two landfalls this year. Most of the season's impact, including all casualties and most of the damage, was caused by Kenna.
A moderately strong El Niño, ongoing during the season, may have contributed to the disproportionate number of major hurricanes, as well as reduced activity in the Atlantic. Also of note was an unusual gap in storm formation during the first three weeks of August in this season, historically a prime period for tropical cyclone formation.
Systems
Hurricane Alma
A complex formation involving a tropical wave and a gale over the Gulf of Tehuantepec formed Tropical Depression One-E on May 24. It slowly strengthened into the first tropical storm of the season two days later. Alma then turned north, moving near the edge of a subtropical ridge over Mexico. Its rate of intensification picked up, and Alma became a hurricane on May 28. Alma reached Category 3 intensity on May 30. The hurricane began to weaken almost immediately thereafter under the influence of wind shear and cool water. Alma rapidly fell apart, and degenerated into a weak low-pressure area by June 1.
The hurricane did not impact land. A special feature about Alma was that it was one of only five Pacific major hurricanes in May.
Tropical Storm Boris
On June 8, an area of disturbed weather that had absorbed a tropical wave spawned Tropical Depression Two-E. It became a tropical storm the next day. After peaking on June 9, with a pressure of 997 mb, steering currents collapsed and Boris stalled out in the ocean between two ridges of high pressure. Shear increased, and the cyclone weakened to a depression on June 10. The next day, Boris degenerated into a remnant low. The remnant drifted east and then southeast before dissipating on June 12.
Boris dumped heavy rains on sections of the Mexican coast. The maximum amount was at San Felipe Usila. These rains damaged several homes at an unspecified location. In addition, rainfall damaged several homes in Tequila, Jalisco, but the National Hurricane Center believes that Boris likely did not cause the rain. No deaths were attributed to this storm.
Tropical Depression Three-E
A tropical wave that crossed Central America organized and developed into a tropical depression on June 27. Contrary to forecasts, the depression did not strengthen further because of strong wind shear. By June 29, the depression had become a remnant low, which was observed as a swirl of clouds for a few more days before dissipating.
Tropical Storm Cristina
An area of disturbed weather near Panama drifted to a location south of Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, and organized into Tropical Depression Four-E on July 9. It moved westward through a hostile environment of strong shear. The wind shear disrupted the cyclone's convection and weakened its circulation. Despite the shear, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm early on July 12 and was named Cristina. This broke down the steering ridge, and Cristina turned to the north and peaked on July 14. Then, the wind shear won out and Cristina quickly weakened. Cristina dissipated into a swirl of clouds on July 16, without ever threatening land. No impact was reported.
Hurricane Douglas
A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on July 8 and crossed the Atlantic without much development. In the Caribbean, showers increased, but wind shear prevented development. The wave crossed into the eastern Pacific on July 16, and wind shear decreased to allow the convection to organize. Tropical Depression Five-E developed on July 20 about south of Manzanillo, Mexico. At that time, gradual strengthening was anticipated. The depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Douglas. Around that time, most of the deep convection was situated south of the atmospheric circulation. Initially expected to become a hurricane only briefly, late on July 21, the NHC reported that Douglas had become a hurricane. Upon becoming a hurricane, Douglas was situated in low wind shear environment; however, Hurricane Douglas was expected to reach cold waters in 36 hours, and thus was not predicted to become a major hurricane. Douglas became a Category 2 hurricane on July 22, reaching peak winds of . Douglas held this intensity for 18 hours as it traveled westward. When Douglas weakened from its peak intensity, it had an organized cloud pattern, but the thunderstorm activity was weakening, typical of most Pacific hurricanes that reach cooler waters. The weakening briefly stopped after Douglas went through an eyewall replacement cycle, but Douglas was downgraded to a tropical storm late on July 24 as the storm only had a small area of deep convection left. Tropical storm Douglas briefly stopped weakening as convection increased, only to fade away again hours later. The storm was downgraded to a tropical depression early on July 26, and later that day degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area. The remnant low dissipated the next day.
Hurricane Elida
A tropical wave generated into Tropical Depression Six-E on July 23. It moved westward and reached storm strength 12 hours after it formed. Elida rapidly deepened, developing a pinhole eye, and becoming a hurricane on July 24 and further reaching major hurricane intensity six hours later. Elida's rapid intensification continued, becoming a Category 5 hurricane for six hours on July 25.
Despite moving over warm waters, Elida began to weaken because it began an eyewall replacement cycle. When the cycle ended, the cyclone was over cooler water and unsteadily weakened. Elida fell to a tropical storm on July 27, then degenerated into a remnant low and turned to the northeast. The remnant dissipated over the open ocean about west of Los Angeles.
Elida is one of the fastest intensifying eastern Pacific hurricanes. Its rate of intensification is rivaled only by 1997's Linda, 2015's Patricia, and 2018's Norman. Elida had no direct impact on land. However, it did send heavy waves along the shores of Mexico. No one was killed and no damage was reported.
Tropical Depression Seven-E
A tropical wave that had reached the Eastern Pacific from Africa was first spotted on July 23. The wave continued westward with little development occurring until August 3, when convection increased. After additional slow organization, the wave was classified as Tropical Depression Seven-E on August 6 near the tip of Baja California. The system did not strengthen much, and development was halted when wind shear destroyed the system on August 8. The depression never came near land and hence no one was killed or injured. Like Tropical Depression Three-E, this cyclone was forecast to reach tropical storm intensity, but it never did.
Hurricane Fausto
After a rather lengthy lull punctuated by only Tropical Depression Seven-E, a tropical wave formed Tropical Depression Eight-E on August 21. Initially taking a westward track, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Fausto on August 22. It turned to the west-northwest and stayed on that path for the next six days. Fausto steadily strengthened and intensified into a hurricane on August 22. It continued to intensify, peaking as a Category 4 on August 24, and also substantially increased in size. The hurricane began to weaken thereafter, and was a minimal tropical storm by the time it entered the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility on August 27. The tropical cyclone dropped to a depression and degenerated into a non-convective swirl of clouds on August 28.
Fausto's remnants passed north of the Hawaiian Islands uneventfully until they interacted with a tropical upper-tropospheric trough (TUTT) on August 30. In combination with warm waters, a tropical depression with some subtropical features developed. At this time it was located around latitude 30°N. By September 1, Fausto had redeveloped into a tiny but tropical ministorm. Its rebirth was brief, however, as a mid-latitude cyclone absorbed the system early on September 3.
Fausto's regeneration north of Hawaii was unusual but not unprecedented. The other time this happened since 1966 was in the 1975 season. That time, another TUTT absorbed the remnant of Hurricane Ilsa, which led to the formation of an unnamed hurricane at high latitude. Other tropical cyclones have strengthened north of Hawaii, but the actual formation of one is rare.
Tropical Storm Alika
An area of convection acquired a closed circulation and became Tropical Depression One-C on August 22. It stayed disorganized for the next several days. It organized more fully and intensified into a tropical storm on August 25 and was named Alika. After peaking as a moderately strong tropical storm on August 25, wind shear caused by the pre-Ele tropical depression and an upper-level low near Hawaii weakened the storm to a depression on August 27. Alika dissipated the next day, having never threatened land.
Tropical Storm Genevieve
A tropical wave formed Tropical Depression Nine-E on August 26. It was upgraded to a tropical storm and named Genevieve the next day. It moved westward and nearly strengthened to a hurricane, peaking in intensity on August 28. At that point, the cyclone encountered cooler waters, which caused it to weaken slowly, weakening to a depression on August 30. The depression hung on until it lost convection on the September 2. A swirl of remnant clouds persisted for a few more days. Genevieve had no impact on land, with no reports of casualties or damage being received by the National Hurricane Center.
Hurricane Ele
An eastern extension of the monsoon trough south of Hawaii organized into Tropical Depression Two-C on August 27 and strengthened into Tropical Storm Ele six hours later. Despite the nearby presence of Alika, Ele developed rapidly and strengthened into a hurricane on August 28. After contributing to the dissipation of Alika, Ele continued intensifying. It reached Category 2 intensity late on August 28 and quickly became a major hurricane six hours later. The hurricane then crossed the International Date Line and became a typhoon in the 2002 Pacific typhoon season. Typhoon Ele turned to the northwest after crossing the dateline and continued to strengthen. It reached Category 4 before turning north and weakening again. After briefly restrengthening back into a Category 4, the typhoon weakened and turned to the northwest. Ele was downgraded to a tropical storm on September 7, a depression on September 9, and then dissipated shortly afterwards. Ele did not affect land.
Hurricane Hernan
A weak wave in the ITCZ organized into Tropical Depression Ten-E on August 30. It headed west-northwest and quickly intensified into a tropical storm and eventually, a hurricane. Hernan then began rapidly deepening, reaching Category 5 intensity on September 1. It maintained that intensity for 12 hours before tracking over cooler waters. The storm weakened steadily, with wind shear contributing to its deterioration. Hernan then degenerated into a remnant low on September 6. The low turned to the southwest and dissipated three days later.
Hernan passed close enough to Socorro Island to bring strong winds to the island. In addition, the hurricane's large and powerful wind field caused waves between and in height and strong rip currents on the southwest coast of California. Other than the aforementioned regions, Hernan had no significant impact on land.
Tropical Depression Eleven-E
Of the four tropical depressions this season that did not become named storms, only Eleven-E threatened land. An area of disturbed weather associated with a tropical wave formed into a tropical cyclone on September 5. It tracked northwestward, before turning southwest. It weakened into a remnant low on September 8. The remnant turned north and dissipated on September 10 offshore of the Baja California peninsula. The cyclone was nearly a tropical storm when it peaked on September 6. It was forecast to become a tropical storm and pass close to the peninsula. This prompted a tropical storm warning and a hurricane watch. With the weakening of the cyclone the watch and warning were discontinued. No damage or casualties were reported in association with this tropical cyclone.
Tropical Storm Iselle
Part of the same tropical wave that formed Tropical Depression Seven in the Atlantic basin organized into Tropical Depression Twelve-E on September 15. It strengthened further into Tropical Storm Iselle the next day. The storm headed northwest and paralleled the coast of Mexico, nearly strengthening into a hurricane late on September 17. While near its peak intensity, a trough abruptly recurved the system to the northeast. Wind shear also increased, and Iselle consequently fell apart on satellite imagery. It weakened to a depression on September 19. Iselle then degenerated into a remnant low the next day and rapidly degenerated, dissipating on September 20. Iselle never made landfall.
Iselle threatened parts of southwestern Mexico and warnings and watches were issued for that area. Heavy rains were reported over parts of the Baja California Peninsula. The highest amount of rainfall was at Guadeloupe and Mulege, Baja California Sur. There were no reports of damage or casualties.
Tropical Storm Julio
An area of convection and disturbed weather, possibly related to outflow from Hurricane Isidore in the Atlantic basin, developed a circulation on September 23 and organized into Tropical Depression Thirteen-E on September 25. The depression headed northward and strengthened into a tropical storm that same day. Julio turned to the northwest and peaked in intensity as a minimal tropical storm near Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán. On September 26, Julio made landfall. The storm rapidly dissipated over Mexico.
Three fatalities were reported from Julio. However, in Guerrero, around 100 houses in Acapulco and Zihuatanejo were damaged or washed away by flash flooding. The highest rainfall reported was at Zihuatanejo and La Unión, Guerrero.
Hurricane Kenna
A disturbance possibly associated with a tropical wave organized into Tropical Depression Fourteen-E on October 22. It strengthened into a tropical storm that same day and a hurricane on October 23. The next day, Kenna became the third Category 5 hurricane of the season. A trough over Mexico recurved the hurricane, and it started accelerating towards Mexico. Despite moving over waters that were still warm, wind shear weakened the system to a minimal Category 4 by the time of its landfall over Mexico late on October 25. Mountainous terrain rapidly weakened Kenna, and the system dissipated early on October 26.
Hurricane Kenna was the third-strongest Pacific hurricane to make landfall on record. It was also the second-strongest October hurricane in any season, and the third strongest Pacific hurricane overall. In San Blas, Nayarit, 8,800 people were affected; 1,540 houses were damaged or destroyed, which was 80% to 90% of houses in the town. In Santiago Ixcuintla, 3,770 houses were damaged. Agriculture in the affected area was disrupted. Farmers required aid, and many fruit crops were destroyed. Tourism in Puerto Vallarta was disrupted, with much of the damage to hotels. Insurance companies reported that Kenna's total damage was $96 million (2002 USD).
Kenna killed four people in Mexico and injured over a hundred. The low death toll is likely due to massive evacuations in San Blas, Nayarit, and elsewhere ahead of the hurricane.
Tropical Storm Lowell
A weak tropical wave located over the open Pacific Ocean organized into Tropical Depression Fifteen-E on October 22. It strengthened into a tropical storm the next day. Shortly afterwards, wind shear increased. Lowell's convection was disrupted, and its center of circulation became exposed. The cyclone crossed into the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility on October 26. The shear relaxed, and the depression restrengthened into a tropical storm. Lowell drifted in slow steering currents until it approached Hurricane Huko. The proximity of Huko caused a gradual weakening in Lowell, and it dissipated on October 31.
Hurricane Huko
In late October, an active monsoon trough persisted south of Hawaii along 10°N latitude, developing an area of convection on October 24. Later that day, the disturbance was classified as Tropical Depression Three-C about south-southeast of Honolulu. Initially poorly organized, it moved to the north and steadily intensified, becoming Tropical Storm Huko early on October 26 while turning northwestward. Late on October 28, Huko reached hurricane strength, but its close proximity to Tropical Storm Lowell and a brief increase in wind shear weakened it back to a tropical storm on October 30. Shortly after turning to the west, conditions allowed for Huko to re-attain hurricane strength on October 31 while it was passing around south of Johnston Atoll. On November 2, a ridge caused the hurricane to accelerate, and the next day it crossed the International Date Line into the Western Pacific, becoming a typhoon.
While passing near Johnston Atoll, the outer rainbands of the hurricane produced wind gusts up to and locally heavy rainfall. The remnants of Huko later reentered the basin, eventually affecting California. The system was responsible for heavy rains, causing flooding along a small stream in Bakersfield. Total damage was approximately $23,000 (2002 USD).
Tropical Depression Sixteen-E
Tropical Depression Sixteen-E formed from a disturbance in the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Despite being located in a hostile environment, it managed to organize into a tropical depression on November 14. It was briefly forecast to strengthen into a tropical storm. However, wind shear prevented that from occurring. Consequently, the depression degenerated into a remnant low on November 16 and dissipated soon after that.
Other systems
In addition to the above systems, an area of convection persisted near a developing circulation about west-southwest of Johnston Atoll on July 18. An upper-level low to the northeast provided outflow, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert early on July 19. Although not classified by the CPHC, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) remarked that a tropical depression had developed by early on July 20, just east of the International Date Line. Soon after, it crossed into the western Pacific and briefly intensified into Tropical Storm Kalmaegi. Also on October 30, the JMA indicated that Tropical Storm Maysak moved into the basin and became extratropical few hours later.
Storm names
The following names were used for named storms that form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean during 2002. Retired names, if any, will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization during the 25th session of the RA IV Hurricane Committee in the spring of 2003. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2008 season. This was the same list used in the 1996 season.
For storms that form in the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility, encompassing the area between 140 degrees west and the International Date Line, all names are used in a series of four rotating lists. The next four names that were slated for use in 2002 are shown below, though only three of them were used during the season.
Retirement
On March 31, 2003, at the 25th session of the RA IV hurricane committee, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name Kenna from its rotating name lists due to the deaths and damages it caused, and it will not be used again for another Pacific hurricane. Kenna was replaced with Karina for the 2008 Pacific hurricane season.
Season effects
This is a table of all the storms that formed in the 2002 Pacific hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, intensities, areas affected, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all the damage figures are in 2002 USD.
See also
Tropical cyclones in 2002
List of Pacific hurricanes
Pacific hurricane season
2002 Atlantic hurricane season
2002 Pacific typhoon season
2002 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2001–02, 2002–03
Australian region cyclone seasons: 2001–02, 2002–03
South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2001–02, 2002–03
References
External links
National Hurricane Center Website
National Hurricane Center's Eastern Pacific Tropical Weather Outlook
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Website
Joint Typhoon Warning Center
NHC 2002 Pacific hurricane season archive
CPHC 2002 season archive
HPC 2002 Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Pages
Unisys archive
Pacific hurricane seasons
2002 EPac |
Ciara Brady is a fictional character from Days of Our Lives, an American soap opera on the NBC network. Created by Hogan Sheffer and Meg Kelly, the role is portrayed by Victoria Konefal since 2017.
She is a member of three of the most prominent Salem families, Brady, Kiriakis, and Horton, and the only daughter of the supercouple Bo Brady and Hope Williams.
Casting
Child actors Dakota and Danica Hobbs originated the role from 2007 to 2008. The role was then taken over by Lauren Boles from 2008 to 2015. In 2015, Days of Our Lives sent out a casting call using the code name Danielle, describing the character as a 16–17-year-old girl who has experienced a lot of pain in her life. In October 2015, it was declared that Vivian Jovanni had won the role, which had been previously played by child actress Lauren Boles. Jovanni debuted on October 30, 2015. In December 2016, Jovanni left the show. In July 2017, it was revealed that Ciara would be recast and return in December 2017 alongside Brandon Beemer's Shawn-Douglas Brady and Martha Madison's Belle Black. In August 2017, actress Victoria Konefal was cast as the new Ciara, making her debut on December 1, 2017. In July 2020, Konefal announced her departure as a full-time cast member, but left open the possibility of returning for guest appearances.
Storylines
2007–2014
Ciara Brady is born to Hope Brady (Kristian Alfonso), who believes that Patrick Lockhart is the father thanks to some fake DNA results that show he is. Bo Brady (Peter Reckell) and Hope rekindle their romance, pushing Patrick into kidnapping Hope. Ciara is born in a warehouse, where she is delivered by Bo. Patrick reveals the truth about the baby's paternity before being arrested.
Ciara lives with her parents for the first couple of years of her life, before living with Hope, Doug (Bill Hayes), and Julie (Susan Seaforth Hayes) after her mother and father briefly break up. After her father's disappearance, Ciara bullies Chase Jennings, but when her mother and Chase's father, Aiden (Daniel Cosgrove), start dating, they become best friends.
2015–present
In October 2015, a SORASed Ciara arrives home in Salem with her step-brother Chase for the wedding of her mom Hope and Aiden. At the Bicentennial party during the fireworks, she kissed Theo Carver (Kyler Pettis). After the wedding, she admitted to her step-grandmother/Aunt Julie about being happy for her mother, but missing her dad Bo so much and how his jacket reminded her of him. After learning of her mom being admitted to the hospital, she rushes there, shocked to see Bo at the hospital, they have a family reunion, where her dad fills her in on his abduction, Aiden's mental breakdown, and attempt of killing Hope and how he saved her. Ciara was happy having her dad back home. Sadly, a few days later, she got the worst news ever though her brother Shawn-Douglas Brady (Jason Cook) about their dad passing away from an inoperable brain tumor, which came as a shock to her. Thankfully, her family and friends were there for her, including her love interest Theo, as she coped with the death of her father. While Theo was there to give Ciara comfort, her friend became jealous and started bullying him online with rude text messages, when Ciara learns the truth after finding the messages on Chase's phone, she confronts him over her his bullying. Later, she reveals to Theo about her step-brother being the bully.
In February 2016, Ciara was raped by Chase, whom she always treated like a brother. She dealt with the pain, keeping the truth to herself for weeks, before finally letting Theo know. Ciara's friends Theo and Joey (James Lastovic) along with her niece Claire Brady (Olivia Rose Keegan) abduct Chase to punish him for his wrongdoings, taking him to the warehouse and tie him up to a chair, giving Ciara the benefit of punishing her rapist. However, Ciara did lash out at him, but did the opposite by not thrashing him. She called her mom to the warehouse and opened up to her being raped. Disgusted with her stepson's act, Hope arrested him on charges of rape.
Ciara had an on-and-off relationship with Theo for a year, before breaking up with him. She felt jealous when he moves on with Claire. She briefly dates Wyatt Stone (Scott Shilstone) but breaks up with him after finding out that Theo paid him to date her. Upset with Theo's behavior, she leaves town.
In January 2018, she returned to Salem when Theo was shot. After he moved to South Africa for treatment, she and Tripp Dalton (Lucas Adams) dated briefly. She got into an accident while riding a motorbike and passed out. Newly reformed Ben Weston (Robert Scott Wilson) found her injured and unconscious on the road, he scooped her into his arms and took her to the cabin where he takes care of her, Ciara questions his sanity after she wakes up. He promises to have reformed and lets him fix her wounds which makes her trust him. Ben begins to snap afterwards when he runs out of his medication as he can't go out to get them due to the Salem police putting out an APB on him and Ciara.
It is then that the paranoid Ben begins to suffers from hallucinations of his father Clyde who tries to make him believe that Ciara will put him behind bars. Ciara talks him down and makes her feel that he can trust her. Ben believes her and leaves to collect his medication from the pharmacy. When someone sets the cabin on fire, Hope and Rafe Hernandez (Galen Gering) save Ciara from the fire and arrest Ben, who swears he is innocent. Ciara hires Ted Laurent (Gilles Marini) as his attorney. Ciara invites Ben to move in the apartment with her, Tripp, and Claire. She feels attracted to Ben and only sleeps with Tripp when evidence shows Ben was the one who set the fire and is arrested by Hope.
Ciara breaks up with Tripp after learning he planted evidence against Ben and starts seeing Ben. Ben works for Stefan DiMera (Tyler Christopher as the security head, and does the dirty work of abducting Gabi Hernandez (Camila Banus) from the DiMera mansion per Steven's order. When Ciara finds out, she breaks up with Ben and leaves Salem to visit Theo. After her return, she is abducted by Jordan Ridgeway (Chrishell Stause) from the airport and kept hostage in the cabin, where she is tied up in bed. Ben rescues her from the burning cabin where she was left to die by Jordan. Hope shows up with Ted and threatens to shoot Ben, when Ciara comes in-between and fills her in on Jordan being guilty. Hope apologizes and thanks him for saving Ciara's life. Ciara feels sick, so Ben carries her to the hospital.
Hope asks Ben to stay with Ciara before she leaves. Ciara rekindles her romance with Ben, Jordan shows up in Ciara's room and attacks Ben, knocking him out. Ciara stops her, as Jordan was trying to inject him. Jordan turns on her, about to kill her, but Ben saves her. Jordan is arrested and Ben and Ciara reunite. It is revealed that Claire is the one who set the first fire that almost killed her. When she finds out, she and Tripp compose a plan to get Claire to confess, but it goes horribly wrong and Claire kidnaps Ciara and tries to kill her again. Luckily, Ben, Hope, and Marlena (Deidre Hall) get there in time and stop her from setting another fire. Before Claire gets taken to Bayview Sanitarium, Ciara tells her that she forgives her and loves her, but they will never be like they used to. Victor Kiriakis (John Aniston) and Brady Black (Eric Martsolf) offer Ciara a job at Titan Industries and she accepts. Ciara is uneven about Jordan coming back to town, but Ben is determined to protect her.
Reception
In 2020, Charlie Mason from Soaps She Knows placed Ciara at #32 on their list of the 35 most memorable characters from Days of Our Lives, calling Ciara "The perfect mixture of her parents" and commenting that "this feisty force of nature turned into a fan favorite by Victoria Konefal is all but guaranteed to continue rising in this countdown as sand slips through the hourglass."
References
External links
Ciara Brady at nbc.com
Days of Our Lives characters
Days of Our Lives: Beyond Salem characters
Television characters introduced in 2007
Fictional Greek people in television
Female characters in television
Fictional victims of sexual assault
Fictional characters incorrectly presumed dead
Horton family
Brady family (Days of Our Lives)
Kiriakis family |
The meridian 24° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
The 24th meridian east forms a great circle with the 156th meridian west.
Part of the border between Libya and Sudan is defined by the meridian, as is a large section of the border between Chad and Sudan.
The only capital located on 24th meridian east is Riga.
From Pole to Pole
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 24th meridian east passes through:
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width="125" | Co-ordinates
! scope="col" | Country, territory or sea
! scope="col" | Notes
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! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Arctic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
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! scope="row" |
| Island of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard
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| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Barents Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
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! scope="row" |
| Island of Edgeøya, Svalbard
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Barents Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Norwegian Sea
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Islands of Ingøy and Rolvsøy
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Norwegian Sea
|-
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! scope="row" |
| Island of Kvaløya, and the mainland
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! scope="row" |
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|-
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! scope="row" |
| For about 4 km
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! scope="row" |
|
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| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Baltic Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Bothnia
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Baltic Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Finland
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Island of Väike-Pakri and the mainland
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Baltic Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Riga
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Island of Kihnu
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Baltic Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Riga
|-
|
! scope="row" |
| Passing through west outskirts of Riga
|-
|
! scope="row" |
|Passing through Kaunas
Passing just west of Birštonas
|-
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! scope="row" |
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! scope="row" |
| Volyn Oblast — passing just east of Liuboml
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! scope="row" |
| For about 10 km
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| For about 7 km — Volyn Oblast
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| Queen Maud Land, claimed by
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See also
23rd meridian east
25th meridian east
Measuring a Meridian: The Adventures of Three Englishmen and Three Russians in South Africa
e024 meridian east
Libya–Sudan border
Chad–Sudan border |
State Route 187 (SR 187) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs along Venice Boulevard in Los Angeles from Lincoln Boulevard (State Route 1) in Venice to Interstate 10 in the South Robertson district.
Route description
Proceeding easterly, Venice Boulevard assumes the designation California State Route 187 at Lincoln Boulevard (State Route 1). The route then passes through the Mar Vista neighborhood. Further east, it briefly forms the boundary between Palms and Culver City and passes near Sony Pictures Studios. Continuing northeast into the South Robertson neighborhood of Los Angeles, the SR 187 designation terminates at the intersection with Cadillac Avenue and the ramp carrying traffic from westbound I-10.
SR 187 is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.
History
Route 163 was defined in 1961 as a route from the ocean in Santa Monica to Route 173, routed along Pacific Avenue and Venice Boulevard. This was redefined as SR 187 in the 1964 state highway renumbering. In 1988, the part of SR 187 in Santa Monica was removed from the state highway system. The part of the route from the southern boundary of Santa Monica to Lincoln Boulevard was removed in 1994.
Future
According to Section 487 of the California Streets and Highways Code, the entire length of Route 187 is eligible for relinquishment to the City of Los Angeles. If a relinquishment occurs, the state highway will cease to exist.
In popular culture
Rapper Snoop Dogg posed in front of a SR 187 sign in 1993, as a reference to Section 187 of the California Penal Code that defines the crime of murder and the song with Dr. Dre that he collaborated with (the shield has since been removed).
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
California @ AARoads.com - State Route 187
California Highways: SR 187
State Route 187
Transportation in Culver City, California
187
187 |
Calamis may refer to two sculptors of ancient Greece:
Calamis (5th century BC)
Calamis (4th century BC)
See also
Calamus (disambiguation) |
Walang Karugtong ang Nakaraan () is a 1987 Filipino drama film directed by Leroy Salvador and written by Rene O. Villanueva and Raquel Villavicencio. Based on the TSS Komiks "komik" of the same name by Gilda Olvidado, it stars Christopher de Leon, Sharon Cuneta, Carmi Martin, Chanda Romero, Ronaldo Valdez, Tommy Abuel, Ali Sotto and Katrin Gonzales. Produced by Viva Films, the film was released on November 26, 1987.
Plot
The story revolves around Ronic (Christopher de Leon) and Malou (Sharon Cuneta) who are currently facing tests in life. Ronic's wife died and he was depressed and down and would want to move on, while Malou's mother is suffering a disease that pushed her to work as a waitress in a club. Ronic meets Malou and sees a lot of resemblance with his deceased wife, Rossana.
Cast
Christopher de Leon as Ronic
Sharon Cuneta as Malou
Carmi Martin as Lucy
Chanda Romero as Tess
Ronaldo Valdez as Mel
Tommy Abuel as Gil
Katrina Gonzales as Gretchen
Ali Sotto as Sandra
Marita Zobel as Malou's mother
Johnny Wilson as Ronic's father
Naty Santiago as Ronic's mother
Vangie Labalan as Didang
Bella Flores as club manager
Manny Castañeda as couturier / dressmaker
Club customers
Polly Cadsawan
Vic Belaro
Ronnie Jurado
Albert Garcia
Club hostess
Rosset Bustos
Liza Mojica
Jessica Damondamon
Gil's office secretaries
Abegail Morales
Gladys Cruz
Pilar de Leon as store owner
Baby Bayor as house tenant
Arnie Torres as Malou's mother's nurse
Lorena Bote as emergency nurse I
Ronic's housemaids
Irene Sarmiento
Asuncion Bation
Riza Navarro as typing class teacher
James Cooper as Malou's wedding hair dresser
Josie Tagle as talent promotion
Production
Director Leroy Salvador was accused of assaulting an employee of Bulacan Gardens in Quezon City during production of the film.
Release
Walang Karugtong ang Nakaraan was released on November 26, 1987.
References
External links
1987 films
1987 romantic drama films
Filipino-language films
Films based on Philippine comics
Philippine drama films
Philippine films based on comics |
Dan-Virgil Voiculescu (born 14 June 1949) is a Romanian professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. He has worked in single operator theory, operator K-theory and von Neumann algebras. More recently, he developed free probability theory.
Education and career
Voiculescu studied at the University of Bucharest, receiving his PhD in 1977 under the direction of Ciprian Foias. He was an assistant at the University of Bucharest (1972–1973), a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy (1973–1975), and a researcher at INCREST (1975–1986). He came to Berkeley in 1986 for the International Congress of Mathematicians, and stayed on as visiting professor. Voiculescu was appointed professor at Berkeley in 1987.
Awards and honors
He received the 2004 NAS Award in Mathematics from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) for “the theory of free probability, in particular, using random matrices and a new concept of entropy to solve several hitherto intractable problems in von Neumann algebras.”
Voiculescu was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2006. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
References
External links
Berkeley page
Notes on Free probability aspects of random matrices
Dan-Virgil Voiculescu: visionary operator algebraist and creator of free probability theory
Romanian emigrants to the United States
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
20th-century Romanian mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Mathematical analysts
Probability theorists
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Romanian academics
University of Bucharest alumni
Scientists from Bucharest
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Living people
1949 births
21st-century Romanian mathematicians |
Davor Čop (born 31 October 1958) is a Croatian retired football player and current head of Val's football academy.
Managerial career
Čop took charge of Jadran Kaštel Sućurac in June 2012 and he was appointed manager of Zagora Unešić in October 2013, after leading Zmaj Blato.
Personal life
His son Duje is a professional football player and also plays as a forward.
Honours
Hajduk Split
1 time Yugoslav First League Champion: 1978–79
2 times Yugoslav Cup winner: 1977 and 1984
Dinamo Vinkovci
1 time Yugoslav First League top-scorer: 1985–86 with 22 goals
References
External links
His career in list of Yugoslav players and coaches in Italy in RSSSF.
Stats from Yugoslav Leagues until 1991 in Zerodic.
1958 births
Living people
Footballers from Rijeka
Men's association football forwards
Yugoslav men's footballers
Croatian men's footballers
HNK Hajduk Split players
FK Napredak Kruševac players
HNK Cibalia players
Empoli FC players
Yugoslav First League players
Serie A players
Croatian Football League players
Yugoslav expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Croatian football managers
HNK Cibalia managers
HNK Trogir managers
NK Solin managers |
Cerro de los Santos is an Iberian religious sanctuary built in the 4th century BCE, during the Iberian period, with evidence of continued use into the Roman period. The site lies in southeastern Spain near an ancient road. Little remains of the original structures at the site. Nineteenth century excavations documented some features of a temple but only an outline now remains. The site is known for its many votive sculptures, numbering about 300. Most of the sculptures depict women including the most notable find, the Dama del Cerro de los Santos. In addition to the women, statues of men, possibly dating from a later period, and a few statues of animals have also been found.
Location
The site is located outside of the municipality of Montealegre del Castillo in the province of Albacete, Spain. The site, marked by a commemorative obelisk erected in 1929, is near the highway to Yecla. The site would have been along the Via Heraclea, in the territory of the Bastetani near the Contestani. The site is a few kilometres from another Iberian site, Llano de la Consolación. Few visible remains survive. The outline of the temple, visible in the eighteenth century, has disappeared completely.
Temple
The temple was and had a wide doorway with access by two flights of steps. Based on the 19th century excavations, the walls were formed by a double course of square blocks secured by lead clamps. The roof was tiled and the floor may have been paved with rhomboidal terracotta tiles. The site does not have the usual characteristics of an Iberian sanctuary.
Sculptures
Excavations uncovered about 300 stone sculptures. Most of the sculptures are votives of human figures, although a few animal sculptures have been found. Sculptures of women dominate. The sculptures are individual pieces with only one example of a group sculpture being found. The sculptures accumulated over time with the earliest being dated to the 4th century BCE while later examples have Latin letter inscriptions or appear more Roman in style. A lack of artifacts from the Imperial Roman period suggests that the site stopped being used. The sculptures are generally similar in hair and dress, but the eyes differ in size and position. Jaeggi believes this may be an attempt to differentiate otherwise similar statues to better represent unique donors. According to Jaeggi, the votive statues represent their donors who receive protection from the a deity when their avatars are permanently placed in the sanctuary.The sculptures are now primarily housed at the National Archaeological Museum of Spain in Madrid.
The female statues have cloaks or tiara-like headdresses. Most of these figures are standing, but some depict the figure seated on a chair or throne. Folds in cloth tend to be depicted with stylized zig-zag lines. The best known of the statues is the Dama del Cerro de los Santos. The statue stands 1 m and 40 cm tall, holding an offering cup. She is dated to the 3rd or 2nd century BCE, but has a very stylized form reminiscent of earlier Iberian sculpture. According to Jaeggi, the sculpture does not show Italic or Greek influence. The male statues tend to be similar with all wearing the same dress, a pallium held in the right hand. A few have earrings or pendant bullae. There is only one sculpture, holding a short sword, identified as a warrior. There are no complete male statues preserved. Hair on the male figures is depicted as a compact mass with curls depicted with notched lines.
Truszkowski argues that the female sculptures date primarily to the period prior to the Punic Wars and that the shift to male statues, with more Hellenistic styling, occurred during the conflicts.
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Cerro de Los Santos – Museo Arqueológico de Yecla
Archaeological sites in Castilla–La Mancha
Prehistoric sites in Spain
Iberians
Prehistoric art
Buildings and structures in the Province of Albacete |
Peraia () is a suburb of Thessaloniki, Greece. It is part of the municipality Thermaikos. Peraia is located on the south coast of the Thermaic Gulf, 15 km south of Thessaloniki city centre and 4 km west of Thessaloniki International Airport.
History
As is the case for the two other communities in the municipal unit of Thermaikos, Agia Triada and Neoi Epivates, the origin of settlement in Peraia was the arrival of 740 refugees from Asia Minor and Eastern Thrace in 1923, as a result of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–22).
Today Peraia, together with the other suburbs of Thermaikos, forms one of the most rapidly developing suburbs of Thessaloniki, with many people choosing to move there; but infrastructure is hardly keeping pace, with many roads remaining unopened or inadequate for today's needs. Although developments have been made in creating a pedestrianised beachfront and creating new open spaces.
References
Populated places in Thessaloniki (regional unit)
Thermaikos
Populated coastal places in Greece |
Meredith Hooper is an Australian historian and writer.
Early life
She was born and raised in Adelaide, Australia. Hooper graduated in history from the University of Adelaide, then studied imperial history at Oxford.
Career
She is a member of Association of British Science Writers, Royal Institution and the British Society for the History of Science.
In 2000, the National Science Foundation and the Congress of the United States awarded Hooper the Antarctica Service Medal.
In 2014, Hooper was named the Australian of the Year in the UK.
Bibliography
The Longest Winter: Scott's Other Heroes
Celebrity Cat: With Paintings from Art Galleries Around the World
The Pebble in my Pocket: A History of Our Earth
The Endurance: Shackleton's Perilous Expedition in Antarctica
The Ferocious Summer: Adelie Penguins and the Warming of Antarctica
Stranded in the Winter: The Story of Scott’s Northern Party
Personal life
She is the wife of British civil servant Richard Hooper and mother of film director Tom Hooper. After seeing a 2007 reading of an unproduced play, she told her son she thought he should consider pursuing it for a film adaptation; the project became his Academy Award-winning film, The King's Speech.
References
External links
http://www.counterpointpress.com/authors/meredith-hooper/
Australian historians
Australian women historians
Living people
Alumni of Nuffield College, Oxford
Alumni of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
University of Adelaide alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Bertoldo is an Italian origin word which is used as a surname and a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
Surname
Arduino Bertoldo (1932–2012), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
Fellipe Bertoldo (born 1991), Brazilian football player
Vito Bertoldo (1916–1966), American soldier
Given name
Bertoldo Batawang, Jr. (born 1971), commonly known as Bert Batawang, Filipino boxer
Bertoldo di Giovanni (after 1420–1491), Italian sculptor and medallist
Bertoldo Klinger (1884—1969), Brazilian army general
See also
Bertoldo (disambiguation)
Surnames of Italian origin
Italian masculine given names
Masculine given names |
Michael Kehlmann (21 September 1927 – 1 December 2005) was an Austrian television film director and theatre director, screenwriter and actor.
During 1951–1953, Kehlmann was the manager of the "Kleines Theater im Konzerthaus", Vienna. He was awarded the J.-Kainz Medal in 1966, the Ehrenmedaille der Stadt Wien in 1966 and the Austrian Honorary Cross for Science and Art in 2002.
Kehlmann's television directing credits included Jack Mortimer, Einen Jux will er sich machen, Geschichten aus dem Wienerwald, , Hiob, and Tatort.
He was the father of writer Daniel Kehlmann.
Credits
Director (Film)
1960:
1962: Life Begins at Eight
1967: Kurzer Prozess
Director (Television)
1954: Die Wäscherin des Herrn Bonaparte — (based on Madame Sans-Gêne)
1954: Künstlerpech
1954: Jedem die Seine
1954: Klavier zu verkaufen
1955: La Brige und das Gesetz — (based on a play by Georges Courteline)
1955: Die Dynastie hat Ausgang
1955: Falsch verbunden
1955: Unternehmen Hosentasche
1955: Frühere Verhältnisse — (based on by Johann Nestroy)
1956: Der Verrat von Ottawa — (based on the Gouzenko Affair)
1956: Juno und der Pfau — (based on Juno and the Paycock)
1956: Das gnadenbringende Strafgericht
1957: Die Dreigroschenoper — (based on The Threepenny Opera)
1957: Monsieur Lamberthier — (based on a play by Louis Verneuil)
1957: Der verschwundene Graf
1957: Der versteinerte Wald — (based on The Petrified Forest by Robert E. Sherwood)
1958: Biologie und Tennis — (based on a radio play by Alfred Andersch)
1958: Das Lächeln der Gioconda — (based on novelette "The Gioconda Smile")
1958: Eine fast mögliche Geschichte — (based on A Likely Tale by Gerald Savory)
1959: — (based on Joan of Lorraine)
1959: — (based on a play by Ödön von Horváth)
1959: Land, das meine Sprache spricht — (based on Der zwanzigste Juli by Alexander Lernet-Holenia)
1959: Es gibt immer drei Möglichkeiten
1960: Der eingebildete Kranke — (based on The Imaginary Invalid)
1960: — (based on Shadow of Heroes)
1960: — (based on a play by Ferdinand Bruckner)
1961: — (based on a play by Ödön von Horváth)
1961: Nora — (based on A Doll's House)
1961: — (based on I Was Jack Mortimer by Alexander Lernet-Holenia)
1961: Er ging an meiner Seite — (based on Home of the Brave)
1962: — (based on Einen Jux will er sich machen)
1962: Die Großherzogin von Gerolstein — (based on La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein)
1962: Die Besessenen — (based on The Possessed)
1963: Der grüne Kakadu — (based on Der grüne Kakadu by Arthur Schnitzler)
1963: Der Bockerer — (based on by Ulrich Becher and )
1963: Reporter — (based on The Front Page)
1963: — (based on Death of a Salesman)
1963: — (based on by Jean Anouilh)
1964: Der Talisman — (based on by Johann Nestroy)
1964: — (based on a play by Ferdinand Bruckner)
1964: — (based on Shout for Life by Terence Feely)
1964: — (based on Tales from the Vienna Woods)
1965: — (based on Radetzky March)
1965: — (based on by Max Frisch)
1965: Plädoyer für einen Rebellen — (based on the play Plaidoyer pour un rebelle by Emmanuel Roblès)
1966: — (based on by Ödön von Horváth)
1966: — (based on a novel by Pierre Boulle, adapted by Robert L. Joseph)
1966: Flieger Ross — (based on Ross)
1966: Rette sich, wer kann oder Dummheit siegt überall
1967:
1967: Nur kein Cello — (based on The Absence of a Cello by Ira Wallach)
1967: — (based on by Johann Nestroy)
1968: Die Unbekannte aus der Seine — (based on a play by Ödön von Horváth)
1968: — (based on a play by Heinrich Mann)
1968: Sich selbst der Nächste — (based on Are You by Yourself? by )
1968: — (based on a play by Sam Locke)
1969: Ende eines Leichtgewichts
1969: Das Trauerspiel von Julius Caesar — (based on Julius Caesar)
1969: — (based on by Ödön von Horváth)
1969: (TV series)
1970: Mit sich allein — (based on End of Story by )
1970: Der Kommissar (TV series): Tod eines Klavierspielers
1971: Augenzeugen müssen blind sein — (based on Forget What You Saw by )
1971: — (screenplay by )
1972: Tatort (TV series):
1972: — (based on a play by Egon Kisch)
1972: Der Andersonville-Prozess — (based on The Andersonville Trial by Saul Levitt)
1974: — (based on a novel by Milo Dor)
1974: Tatort (TV series):
1974: Telerop 2009 – Es ist noch was zu retten (TV series)
1975: Zahnschmerzen — (screenplay by )
1975: Die weiße Stadt — (based on a novel by Milo Dor)
1977: In freier Landschaft — (screenplay by )
1977: Der Fall Winslow — (based on The Winslow Boy)
1978: Tatort (TV series):
1978: (TV miniseries) — (based on Job)
1980: Glaube, Liebe, Hoffnung — (based on by Ödön von Horváth)
1980: Felix und Oskar (TV series) — (based on The Odd Couple)
1980: — (based on Der zwanzigste Juli by Alexander Lernet-Holenia)
1981: — (based on a play by )
1982: Das heiße Herz — (based on the play The Hasty Heart by John Patrick)
1982: Tarabas — (based on by Joseph Roth)
1983: Gegenlicht — (based on a novel by )
1983: Mich wundert, daß ich so fröhlich bin — (based on a novel by Johannes Mario Simmel)
1985: Die Flucht ohne Ende — (based on Flight without End)
1986: Tatort (TV series):
1987: Tatort (TV series):
1988: — (based on the Blomberg–Fritsch Affair)
1990: — (based on by Leo Perutz)
1991: Heldenfrühling
1992: Die Ringe des Saturn — (based on a novel by Peter Zeindler)
1992: — (based on by Reinhold Schneider)
Screenwriter
1952: Adventure in Vienna (dir. Emil-Edwin Reinert)
Actor
1952: Adventure in Vienna (dir. Emil-Edwin Reinert), as Passport forger
1953: To Be Without Worries (dir. Georg Marischka)
1975: Die weiße Stadt (dir. Michael Kehlmann)
1982: Tarabas (dir. Michael Kehlmann), as Narrator (voice)
1985: Flucht ohne Ende (dir. Michael Kehlmann), as Narrator (voice)
1987: '38 – Vienna Before the Fall (dir. Wolfgang Glück)
References
External links
Austrian film directors
Austrian television directors
Austrian male screenwriters
Austrian male film actors
German-language film directors
1927 births
2005 deaths
20th-century Austrian screenwriters
20th-century Austrian male writers |
Bronislava Dobiášová (born 27 April 1998) is a Slovak figure skater, the 2014 senior national champion. She represented Slovakia at the 2014 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria. She qualified for the free skate and finished 23rd. She trains mainly in Nové Mesto nad Váhom.
Programs
Competitive highlights
CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
References
External links
1998 births
Slovak female single skaters
Living people
Sportspeople from Trenčín
Competitors at the 2019 Winter Universiade |
Mariusz Podkościelny (born April 29, 1968) is a former freestyle swimmer from Poland, who, twice competed at the Summer Olympics: in 1988 and 1992. Since 2003, he was a swimming coach for the University of Miami. He is currently the head coach for the swim team and teaching history at Pine Crest School in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
1988 Olympics
Mariusz finished 5th in both the 400m and 1500m freestyle. In the preliminary round for the 400m, he set the Olympic Record, which he held for about 10 hours.
Personal life
Mariusz married Dagmara, also Polish, and had a daughter named Julia.
References
External links
Sports Swimming World Magazine Article
1968 births
Living people
Swimming coaches
Miami Hurricanes swimming coaches
Olympic swimmers for Poland
Oregon State University faculty
Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Polish male freestyle swimmers
Arizona Wildcats men's swimmers
Sportspeople from Gdańsk
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming |
Daniele Tinchella (born 14 August 1952) is a retired Italian racing cyclist. He won stage 22 of the 1976 Giro d'Italia.
References
External links
1952 births
Living people
Italian male cyclists
Italian Giro d'Italia stage winners
Place of birth missing (living people)
Sportspeople from Prato
Sportspeople from the Province of Prato
Cyclists from Tuscany |
Mark Wiens (born January 6, 1963) is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2023. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, Wiens represents District 41A in the eastern Twin Cities metropolitan area, which includes the cities of Cottage Grove and Lake Elmo and parts of Washington County.
Early life, education and career
Wiens received his bachelor's degree in history from the University of Minnesota. He attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College School of Military Studies and earned a master of military art and science (MMAS) in theater operations.
Wiens served in the United States Army for 30 years, followed by the Minnesota National Guard, reaching the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.
Minnesota House of Representatives
Wiens was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 2022. He first ran for an open seat created by legislative redistricting.
Wiens serves on the Judiciary Finance and Civil Law, Veterans and Military Affairs Finance and Policy, and Workforce Development Finance and Policy Committees.
Political positions
Wiens supported legislation directing the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to provide Lake Elmo with enough water to meet demand due to water use issues.
Electoral history
Personal life
Wiens lives in Lake Elmo, Minnesota, with his wife, Tina, and their two children.
References
External links
Official House of Representatives website
Official campaign website
Republican Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
Living people
People from Lake Elmo, Minnesota
University of Minnesota alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army personnel
Minnesota National Guard personnel
1963 births |
Tincture of cannabis, sometimes known as green dragon, is an alcoholic cannabis concentrate. The solubility of THC in ethanol is greater than 1 g/mL.
According to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) cannabis tinctures (tincturea) are a type of liquid cannabis extract obtained using ethanol, water, glycerol, propylene glycol and fatty oils as extraction solvents, depending on the type of tincture (and also on the solvent used) it can have a specific mass/volume ratio or a specific therapeutic agents content.
Cannabis tinctures are used in the production of specific extracts, like nabiximols.
History
Cannabis tincture appeared in the United States Pharmacopoeia until 1942 (Australia 1977, UK 1970s). In the 20th century cannabis lost its appeal as a medicinal product, largely due to the development of apparently suitable alternatives, such as the hypodermic needle, water-soluble analgesics and synthetic hypnotics. A major concern of the regulatory authorities at that time was the widespread recreational use of cannabis.
The pharmacological target for cannabis, the endocannabinoid system, has been researched since its discovery in the 1980s.
Preparation
The tincture is typically made by soaking the dried flowers of the female hemp plant (marijuana) in ethanol. The tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other cannabinoids dissolve into the alcohol. Some preparations also extract some of the water-based plant products such as chlorophyll, resulting in a dark green or brown liquid. Baking or drying the cannabis to decarboxylate prior to the alcohol bath increases the amount of THC in the resulting preparation.
Methods of use
The tincture is ordinarily consumed orally, but may also be applied to the skin.
Gallery
See also
Hash oil
References
Cannabis culture
Cannabis foods
Cannabis
Preparations of cannabis
Mixed drinks
Polysubstance alcoholic drinks |
Non son degno di te is a 1965 Italian "musicarello" film directed by Ettore Maria Fizzarotti.
Cast
Gianni Morandi as Gianni Traimonti
Laura Efrikian as Carla Todisco
Gino Bramieri as Ginone Traimonti
Nino Taranto as Antonio Todisco
Raffaele Pisu as Raffaele
Stelvio Rosi as Giorgio Di Bassano
Dolores Palumbo as Santina De Micheli Todisco
Enrico Viarisio as Enzo
Ave Ninchi as Cesira
Carlo Taranto as Sgt. Scannapietra
Dori Dorika as Miss Scannapietra
Fabrizio Capucci as Luigi Addora
Vittorio Congia as Nando Tazza
Dino Mele as Ciccio Marletta
Lena von Martens as Lena
Aroldo Tieri as Funzionario TV
External links
1965 films
1960s Italian-language films
Films set in Naples
Films set in Rome
Musicarelli
Films scored by Ennio Morricone
Films directed by Ettore Maria Fizzarotti
1965 musical comedy films
1960s Italian films |
Charles Cordell (b. 5 October 1720; d. at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 26 January 1791) was an English Roman Catholic priest.
Life
He was the son of Charles Cordell and Hannah Darrell, of the Cordell family of Scotney Castle and Calehill, Kent. He was educated first at "Dame Alice's School", Fernyhalgh, afterwards at Douai College, where, in 1739, he began his course of philosophy.
Having been ordained priest, he left the college 10 June 1748, for England, where he served the mission at Arundel (1748–55), Rounday, in Yorkshire, the Isle of Man, and finally Newcastle upon Tyne (1765–91). In 1778 the presidency of the English college at Saint-Omer was offered to him, but he would not accept it.
He was a scholarly, book-loving man, of some note as a preacher. In politics he remained a staunch Jacobite.
Works
He published many translations and one original pamphlet, "A Letter to the Author of a Book called 'A Candid and Impartial Sketch of the Life and Government of Pope Clement XIV'" (1785). The translations include
"The Divine Office for the Use of the Laity" (4 vols., Sheffield, 1763; 2d ed., 2 vols., Newcastle, 1780);
Bergier's "Deism Self-refuted" (1775);
Caraccioli's "Life of Pope Clement XIV" (1776); Letters of Pope Clement XIV (2 vols., 1777);
Fronsletin's "Travels of Reason" (1781);
Fleury's "Manners of the Christians" (1786) and "Manners of the Israelites" (1786);
"Larger Historical Catechism" (1786); and
"Short Historical Catechism" (1786).
References
Attribution
The entry cites:
John Kirk, Biographies (Early Nineteenth Cent.) (London, 1908);
Catholic Miscellany (1826), VI, 387;
Notes and Queries, 3d series, X, 330, 383;
Joseph Gillow, Bibl. Dict. Eng. Cath. (London, 1885), I, 565;
Thompson Cooper in Dictionary of National Biography (London, 1887), XII, 213.
1720 births
1791 deaths
18th-century English Roman Catholic priests
People from Little Chart
People from Lamberhurst |
The Civic Museum il Correggio (Museo Civico il Correggio) is a museum in Correggio, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is located in the piano nobile of the former Palazzo dei Principi.
History of the palace
The Palazzo dei Principi was initially constructed starting 1508, as the home of , widow of the Count . After the end of the Correggio family, the palace became the home of ministers appointed by the Este rulers. By the 19th century, the palace had become dilapidated, and the entire east wing was razed to build the Contarelli orphanage. A major reconstruction and refurbishment was commissioned by the Commune and pursued under the architect from 1925 to 1927. Further refurbishments did not come until 1966–68, including a reorganization of the historic archives, and in 1971 with the opening of a new library.
The museum was founded in 1995, only to close the following October 1996 due to a local earthquake. The archive and library were not both restored until 2004.
History of the collections
With the plunder and dispersal of the art and furnishings of the Princes of Collegio, the first collection that the commune could assemble was a series of Flemish tapestries that were protected. In 1786, these were exhibited in the buildings formerly belonging to the Padri Scolopi. In 1813, the commune was able to collect a number of historical portraits from various families. They would assemble collections of works by local engravers such as Giuseppe Asioli, Samuele Jesi, Delfino Delfini (1802-1843), and Francesco Redenti. In 1859, the mayor Ferdinando Asioli, reorganized a series of canvasses that were copies of works by Antonio Correggio, previously owned by Ercole Scarabelli. Asioli was also able to obtain a large series of engravings by Paolo Toschi. Other works would enter the collection after the suppression of religious orders and from deconsecrated local churches.
Among highlights of the present collections are
il Redentore (1493) by Andrea Mantegna
Volto di Cristo, Pietà and a drawing by Correggio
Madonna del Rosario by Francesco Madonnina
Flemish tapestries (Late 15th century) woven in Brussels in the workshop of Cornelius Mattens
Coin collection of the Correggio mint
Fortepiano owned by Bonifazio Asioli
References
External links
Official website
Museums in Emilia-Romagna
Art museums and galleries in Italy
Art museums established in 1796
1796 establishments in Italy
Buildings and structures in the Province of Reggio Emilia |
This is a list of Nigerian films released in 2000.
Films
See also
List of Nigerian films
References
2000
Nigeria
Films
2000s in Nigerian cinema |
Shaktawat is the name of a branch of the Sisodia Rajputs. The Shaktawats are patrilineal descendants of Prince Shakti Singh, younger brother of Maharana Pratap of Mewar dynasty. There kuldevi is Baan Mata located on Chittorgarh fort.
References
See also
Rajput clans
Surnames of Indian origin |
```asciidoc
//
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}VK_NV_private_vendor_info.adoc[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2022-08-10
*Contributors*::
- Daniel Koch, NVIDIA
- Jonathan McCaffrey, NVIDIA
- Jeff Bolz, NVIDIA
=== Description
This extension provides the application with access to vendor-specific enums
and structures that are not expected to be publicly documented.
include::{generated}/interfaces/VK_NV_private_vendor_info.adoc[]
=== Issues
1) What should we call this extension?
RESOLVED.
`apiext:VK_NV_private_vendor_info` as this contains details of NVIDIA's
implementation that we do not expect to publicly document.
=== Version History
* Revision 1, 2022-05-03 (Daniel Koch)
** Internal revisions
* Revision 2, 2022-08-10 (Daniel Koch)
** change number for extension (373 to 52) to avoid conflict
``` |
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