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Speech synthesisis the artificial production of humanspeech. A computer system used for this purpose is called aspeech synthesizer, and can be implemented insoftwareorhardwareproducts. Atext-to-speech(TTS) system converts normal language text into speech; other systems rendersymbolic linguistic representationslikephone... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_synthesis |
Automaticpronunciation assessmentis the use ofspeech recognitionto verify the correctness of pronouncedspeech,[1][2]as distinguished from manual assessment by an instructor or proctor.[3]Also calledspeech verification, pronunciation evaluation, andpronunciation scoring, the main application of this technology iscompute... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_verification |
Subtitlesaretextsrepresenting the contents of the audio in afilm,television show,operaor otheraudiovisualmedia. Subtitles might provide atranscriptionortranslationof spokendialogue. Although naming conventions can vary,captionsare subtitles that include written descriptions of other elements of the audio, likemusicorso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtitle_(captioning) |
VoiceXML(VXML) is a digital document standard for specifying interactive media and voice dialogs between humans and computers. It is used for developing audio and voice response applications, such as banking systems and automated customer service portals. VoiceXML applications are developed and deployed in a manner ana... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoiceXML |
VoxForgeis afreespeech corpusandacoustic modelrepository foropen sourcespeech recognitionengines.
VoxForge was set up to collect transcribed speech to create a freeGPLspeech corpus in order to be uses with open source speech recognition engines. The speech audio files will be 'compiled' into acoustic models for use wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoxForge |
Windows Speech Recognition(WSR) isspeech recognitiondeveloped byMicrosoftforWindows Vistathat enablesvoice commandsto control thedesktopuser interface,dictatetext inelectronic documentsandemail, navigatewebsites, performkeyboard shortcuts, and operate themouse cursor. It supports custommacrosto perform additional or su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Speech_Recognition |
Anerror(from the Latinerrāre, meaning 'to wander'[1]) is an inaccurate or incorrect action, thought, or judgement.[1]
Instatistics, "error" refers to the difference between the value which has been computed and the correct value.[2]An error could result infailureor in adeviationfrom the intended performance or behavio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error |
Theapproximation errorin a given data value represents the significant discrepancy that arises when an exact, true value is compared against someapproximationderived for it. This inherent error in approximation can be quantified and expressed in two principal ways: as anabsolute error, which denotes the direct numerica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation_error |
Clinical data management(CDM) is a critical process inclinical research, which leads to generation of high-quality, reliable, and statistically sound data fromclinical trials.[1]Clinicaldata managementensures collection, integration and availability of data at appropriate quality and cost. It also supports the conduct,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_data_management |
Note to admins: In case of doubt, remove this template and post a message asking for review atWT:CP.Withthis script, go tothe history with auto-selected revisions.
Note to the requestor: Make sure the page has already been reverted to a non-infringing revision or that infringing text has been removed or replaced befor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis |
Adata quality firewallis the use of software to protect a computer system from the entry of erroneous, duplicated or poor quality data.Gartnerestimated in 2017 that poor quality data cost organizations an average of $15 million a year.[1]Older technology required the tight integration ofdata qualitysoftware, whereas th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_quality_firewall |
Data scienceis aninterdisciplinaryacademic field[1]that usesstatistics,scientific computing,scientific methods, processing,scientific visualization,algorithmsand systems to extract or extrapolateknowledgefrom potentially noisy,structured, orunstructured data.[2]
Data science also integrates domain knowledge from the u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_science |
Data and information visualization(data viz/visorinfo viz/vis)[2]is the practice ofdesigningand creatinggraphicor visualrepresentationsof a large amount[3]of complex quantitative and qualitativedataandinformationwith the help of static, dynamic or interactive visual items. Typically based on data and information collec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_and_information_visualization |
Master data management(MDM) is a discipline in which business andinformation technologycollaborate to ensure the uniformity, accuracy,stewardship, semantic consistency, and accountability of the enterprise's official sharedmaster dataassets.[1][2]
However, issues withdata quality, classification, andreconciliationmay ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_data_management |
VACUUM[1][2][3][4]is a set ofnormativeguidance principles for achieving training and test dataset quality for structured datasets indata scienceandmachine learning. Thegarbage-in, garbage outprinciple motivates a solution to the problem of data quality but does not offer a specific solution. Unlike the majority of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VACUUM |
Inmechanical engineering,backlash, sometimes calledlash,play, orslop, is aclearanceor lost motion in a mechanism caused by gaps between the parts. It can be defined as "the maximum distance or angle through which any part of amechanical systemmay be moved in one direction without applying appreciable force or motion to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backlash_(engineering) |
Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing(GD&T) is a system for defining and communicatingengineering tolerancesvia asymbolic languageonengineering drawingsand computer-generated3D modelsthat describes a physical object's nominalgeometryand the permissible variation thereof. GD&T is used to define the nominal (theoretical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_dimensioning_and_tolerancing |
Engineering fitsare generally used as part ofgeometric dimensioning and tolerancingwhen a part or assembly is designed. In engineering terms, the "fit" is the clearance between two mating parts, and the size of this clearance determines whether the parts can, at one end of the spectrum, move or rotate independently fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_fit |
Aloading gaugeis a diagram or physical structure that defines the maximum height and width dimensions inrailwayvehiclesand their loads. Their purpose is to ensure that rail vehicles can pass safely through tunnels and under bridges, and keep clear of platforms, trackside buildings and structures.[1]Classification syste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loading_gauge |
Themargin of erroris a statistic expressing the amount of randomsampling errorin the results of asurvey. The larger the margin of error, the less confidence one should have that a poll result would reflect the result of a simultaneous census of the entirepopulation. The margin of error will be positive whenever a popul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margin_of_error |
Precision engineeringis a subdiscipline ofelectrical engineering,software engineering,electronics engineering,mechanical engineering, andoptical engineeringconcerned with designing machines, fixtures, and other structures that have exceptionally lowtolerances, are repeatable, and are stable over time. These approaches ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_engineering |
Inrailroading,slack actionis the amount of free movement of one car before it transmits its motion to an adjoining coupled car. This free movement results from the fact that in railroad practice, cars are loosely coupled, and thecouplingis often combined with a shock-absorbing device, a "draft gear", which, under stres... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slack_action |
Aspecificationoften refers to a set of documented requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service.[1]A specification is often a type oftechnical standard.
There are different types of technical or engineering specifications (specs), and the term is used differently in different technical contex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_(technical_standard) |
Statistical process control(SPC) orstatistical quality control(SQC) is the application ofstatistical methodsto monitor and control the quality of a production process. This helps to ensure that the process operates efficiently, producing more specification-conforming products with less waste scrap. SPC can be applied t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_process_control |
Atolerance interval(TI) is astatistical intervalwithin which, with someconfidence level, a specifiedsampledproportion of a populationfalls. "More specifically, a100×p%/100×(1−α)tolerance interval provides limits within which at least a certain proportion (p) of the population falls with a given level of confidence (1−α... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_tolerance |
Astructure gauge, also called theminimum structure outline, is a diagram or physical structure that sets limits to the extent that bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure can encroach on rail vehicles. It specifies the height and width of station platforms,tunnelsandbridges, and the width of the doors that allow acce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_gauge |
Taguchi methods(Japanese:タグチメソッド) arestatisticalmethods, sometimes called robust design methods, developed byGenichi Taguchito improve the quality of manufactured goods, and more recently also applied to engineering,[1]biotechnology,[2][3]marketing and advertising.[4]Professionalstatisticianshave welcomed the goals and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguchi_methods |
Tolerance coningis the engineering discipline of creating a budget of all tolerances that potentially add/subtract to affect adequacy of a particular parameter. This is particularly critical where stages of design/manufacture precede test/use.
For example, when setting a test limit for a measurement on each manufactu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolerance_coning |
Atolerance interval(TI) is astatistical intervalwithin which, with someconfidence level, a specifiedsampledproportion of a populationfalls. "More specifically, a100×p%/100×(1−α)tolerance interval provides limits within which at least a certain proportion (p) of the population falls with a given level of confidence (1−α... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolerance_interval |
Tolerance analysisis the general term for activities related to the study of accumulated variation in mechanical parts and assemblies. Its methods may be used on other types of systems subject to accumulated variation, such as mechanical and electrical systems. Engineers analyze tolerances for the purpose of evaluating... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolerance_stacks |
Measurementis thequantificationofattributesof an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events.[1][2]In other words, measurement is a process of determining how large or small aphysical quantityis as compared to a basic reference quantity of the same kind.[3]The scope and application of mea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement#Exactness_designation |
Sensitivity analysisis the study of how theuncertaintyin the output of amathematical modelor system (numerical or otherwise) can be divided and allocated to different sources of uncertainty in its inputs.[1][2]This involves estimating sensitivity indices that quantify the influence of an input or group of inputs on the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_analysis |
Instatistics,propagation of uncertainty(orpropagation of error) is the effect ofvariables'uncertainties(orerrors, more specificallyrandom errors) on the uncertainty of afunctionbased on them. When the variables are the values of experimental measurements they haveuncertainties due to measurement limitations(e.g., instr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_uncertainty |
Uncertainty analysisinvestigates the uncertainty of variables that are used indecision-makingproblems in which observations and models represent theknowledge base. In other words, uncertainty analysis aims to make a technical contribution to decision-making through the quantification of uncertainties in the relevant va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_analysis |
Instatisticsand in particularstatistical theory,unbiased estimation of a standard deviationis the calculation from astatistical sampleof an estimated value of thestandard deviation(a measure ofstatistical dispersion) of apopulationof values, in such a way that theexpected valueof the calculation equals the true value. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unbiased_estimation_of_standard_deviation |
Innumerical analysis, theinterval finite element method(interval FEM) is afinite element methodthat uses interval parameters. Interval FEM can be applied in situations where it is not possible to get reliable probabilistic characteristics of the structure. This is important in concrete structures, wood structures, geom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_finite_element |
Information pollution(also referred to asinfo pollution) is the contamination of aninformationsupply with irrelevant, redundant, unsolicited, hampering, and low-value information.[1][2]Examples includemisinformation,junk e-mail, andmedia violence.
The spread of useless and undesirable information can have a detrimenta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_pollution |
Information quality(InfoQ) is the potential of adata setto achieve a specific (scientific or practical) goal using a givenempirical analysis method.
Formally, the definition isInfoQ = U(X,f|g)where X is the data, f the analysis method, g the goal and U the utility function. InfoQ is different fromdata qualityandanalys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Quality_(InfoQ) |
Instatistics, aconfidence interval(CI) is a range of values used to estimate an unknownstatistical parameter, such as a populationmean.[1]Rather than reporting a single point estimate (e.g. "the average screen time is 3 hours per day"), a confidence interval provides a range, such as 2 to 4 hours, along with a specifie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval |
The earliest recorded systems ofweights and measuresoriginate in the 3rd or 4th millennium BC.[1]Even the very earliest civilizations needed measurement for purposes of agriculture, construction and trade. Early standard units might only have applied to a single community or small region, with every area developing its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_measurement |
In measurements, the measurement obtained can suffer from two types of uncertainties.[1]The first is the random uncertainty which is due to the noise in the process and the measurement. The second contribution is due to the systematic uncertainty which may be present in the measuring instrument. Systematic errors, if d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-fuzzy_variable |
Repeatabilityortest–retest reliability[1]is the closeness of the agreement between the results of successivemeasurementsof the samemeasure, when carried out under the same conditions of measurement.[2]In other words, the measurements are taken by a single person orinstrumenton the same item, under the same conditions, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeatability |
Instatisticsandeconometrics,set identification(orpartial identification) extends the concept ofidentifiability(or "point identification") instatistical modelsto environments where the model and the distribution of observable variables are not sufficient to determine a unique value for the modelparameters, but instead c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_identification |
Uncertainty quantification(UQ) is the science of quantitative characterization and estimation ofuncertaintiesin both computational and real world applications. It tries to determine how likely certain outcomes are if some aspects of the system are not exactly known. An example would be to predict the acceleration of a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_quantification |
Acognitive biasis a systematic pattern of deviation fromnormor rationality in judgment.[1][2]Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not theobjectiveinput, may dictate theirbehaviorin the world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias |
Regression dilution, also known asregression attenuation, is thebiasingof thelinear regressionslopetowards zero (the underestimation of its absolute value), caused by errors in theindependent variable.
Consider fitting a straight line for the relationship of an outcome variableyto a predictor variablex, and estimating... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correction_for_attenuation |
Instatisticsandoptimization,errorsandresidualsare two closely related and easily confused measures of thedeviationof anobserved valueof anelementof astatistical samplefrom its "true value" (not necessarily observable). Theerrorof anobservationis the deviation of the observed value from the true value of a quantity of i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errors_and_residuals_in_statistics |
Instatistics, anerrors-in-variables modelor ameasurement error modelis aregression modelthat accounts formeasurement errorsin theindependent variables. In contrast, standard regression models assume that those regressors have been measured exactly, or observed without error; as such, those models account only for error... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errors-in-variables_models |
Instrument errorrefers to a measurementerrorinherited from ameasuring instrument.[1]It could be caused by manufacturing tolerances of components in the instrument, the accuracy of the instrument calibration, or a difference between the measurement condition and the calibration condition (e.g., the measurement is done a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_error |
Metrologyis the scientific study ofmeasurement.[1]It establishes a common understanding ofunits, crucial in linking human activities.[2]Modern metrology has its roots in theFrench Revolution's political motivation to standardise units in France when a length standard taken from a natural source was proposed. This led t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrology |
Regression dilution, also known asregression attenuation, is thebiasingof thelinear regressionslopetowards zero (the underestimation of its absolute value), caused by errors in theindependent variable.
Consider fitting a straight line for the relationship of an outcome variableyto a predictor variablex, and estimating... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_dilution |
Inengineering,science, andstatistics,replicationis the process of repeating a study or experiment under the same or similar conditions. It is a crucial step to test the original claim and confirm or reject the accuracy of results as well as for identifying and correcting the flaws in the original experiment.[1]ASTM, in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_(statistics) |
Thetheory of statisticsprovides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in bothstudy designanddata analysis, that are used within applications ofstatistics.[1][2]The theory covers approaches tostatistical-decisionproblems and tostatistical inference, and the actions and deductions that satisfy the basic principles ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_theory |
Systemic biasis the inherent tendency of a process to support particular outcomes. The term generally refers to human systems such as institutions. Systemic bias is related to and overlaps conceptually withinstitutional biasandstructural bias, and the terms are often used interchangeably.
In systemic bias institutiona... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_bias |
Error barsare graphical representations of the variability of data and used on graphs to indicate theerrororuncertaintyin a reported measurement. They give a general idea of how precise a measurement is, or conversely, how far from the reported value the true (error free) value might be. Error bars often represent ones... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_bar |
False precision(also calledoverprecision,fake precision,misplaced precision,excess precision, andspurious precision) occurs when numerical data are presented in a manner that implies betterprecisionthan is justified; since precision is a limit toaccuracy(in the ISO definition of accuracy), this often leads to overconfi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_precision |
Innumerical analysis, one or moreguard digitscan be used to reduce the amount ofroundoff error.
Suppose that the final result of a long, multi-step calculation can be safelyroundedoff toNdecimal places. That is to say, the roundoff error introduced by this final roundoff makes a negligible contribution to the overall ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard_digit |
Interval arithmetic(also known asinterval mathematics;interval analysisorinterval computation) is a mathematical technique used to mitigateroundingandmeasurement errorsinmathematical computationby computing functionbounds.Numerical methodsinvolving intervalarithmeticcan guarantee relatively reliable and mathematically ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_arithmetic |
Incomputer science, theprecisionof a numerical quantity is a measure of the detail in which the quantity is expressed. This is usually measured in bits, but sometimes in decimal digits. It is related toprecision in mathematics, which describes the number of digits that are used to express a value.
Some of the standard... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_(computer_science) |
Incomputing, aroundoff error,[1]also calledrounding error,[2]is the difference between the result produced by a givenalgorithmusing exactarithmeticand the result produced by the same algorithm using finite-precision,roundedarithmetic.[3]Rounding errors are due to inexactness in the representation ofreal numbersand the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-off_error |
Google Trendsis a website byGooglethat analyzes the popularity of topsearch queriesinGoogle Searchacross various regions and languages. The website uses graphs to compare the search volume of different queries over a certain period of time.
On August 5, 2008, Google launchedGoogle Insights for Search, a more sophistic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Trends |
Thegovernment of the People's Republic of Chinainterfered in the2024 United States electionsthroughpropagandaanddisinformationcampaigns, primarily linked to itsSpamouflageinfluence operation.[1]The efforts came amidst largerforeign interference in the 2024 United States elections.
In March 2021, theNational Intelligen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections |
This is a list of elections that will be or may be held in 2025. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elections_in_2025 |
Donald Trump, the45th president of the United States(2017–2021) ran a successful campaign for the2024 U.S. presidential election. He formally announced his campaign on November 15, 2022, atMar-a-LagoinPalm Beach, Florida, initially battling for theRepublican Party's nomination. While many candidates challenged the form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign#Use_of_artificial_intelligence |
TheRussian stateandgovernmentinterfered in the2024 United States electionsthrough disinformation and propaganda campaigns[1]aimed at damagingJoe Biden,Kamala Harris, and other Democrats while boosting the candidacy ofDonald Trumpand other candidates who support isolationism and undercutting support for Ukraine aid andN... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections |
Machine translationis a sub-field ofcomputational linguisticsthat investigates the use of software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another.
In the 1950s, machine translation became a reality in research, although references to the subject can be found as early as the 17th century. TheGeorgetow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_machine_translation |
Statistical machine translation(SMT) is amachine translationapproach where translations are generated on the basis ofstatistical modelswhose parameters are derived from the analysis of bilingualtext corpora. The statistical approach contrasts with therule-based approaches to machine translationas well as withexample-ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_machine_translation |
AnAI takeoveris an imagined scenario in whichartificial intelligence(AI) emerges as the dominant form ofintelligenceon Earth andcomputer programsorrobotseffectively take control of the planet away from thehuman species, which relies onhuman intelligence. Possible scenarios includereplacement of the entire human workfor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_takeover |
AI washingis adeceptive marketingtactic that consists of promoting a product or a service by overstating the role ofartificial intelligence(AI) integration in it.[1][2]It raises concerns regarding transparency, consumer trust in the AI industry, and compliance with security regulations, potentially hampering legitimate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_washing |
Artificial consciousness,[1]also known asmachine consciousness,[2][3]synthetic consciousness,[4]ordigital consciousness,[5]is theconsciousnesshypothesized to be possible inartificial intelligence.[6]It is also the corresponding field of study, which draws insights fromphilosophy of mind,philosophy of artificial intelli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_consciousness |
Computer ethicsis a part ofpractical philosophyconcerned with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct.[1]Margaret Anne Pierce, a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Computers at Georgia Southern University has categorized the ethical decisions related to co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_ethics |
Thedead Internet theoryis aconspiracy theorythat asserts, due to a coordinated and intentional effort, theInternetnow consists mainly ofbot activityandautomatically generated contentmanipulated byalgorithmic curationto control the population and minimize organic human activity.[1][2][3][4][5]Proponents of the theory be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_internet_theory |
Effective altruism(EA) is a 21st-centuryphilosophicalandsocial movementthat advocates impartially calculating benefits and prioritizing causes to provide the greatest good. It is motivated by "usingevidenceandreasonto figure out how to benefit others as much as possible, and taking action on that basis".[1][2]People wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_altruism#Long-term_future_and_global_catastrophic_risks |
Theethics of uncertain sentiencerefers to questions surrounding the treatment of and moral obligations towards individuals whosesentience—the capacity to subjectively sense and feel—and resulting ability to experience pain is uncertain; the topic has been particularly discussed within the field ofanimal ethics, with th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_uncertain_sentience |
Existential risk from artificial intelligencerefers to the idea that substantial progress inartificial general intelligence(AGI) could lead tohuman extinctionor an irreversibleglobal catastrophe.[1][2][3][4]
One argument for the importance of this risk references howhuman beingsdominate other species because thehuman ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence |
Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Controlis a 2019 non-fiction book by computer scientistStuart J. Russell. It asserts that therisk to humanityfrom advancedartificial intelligence(AI) is a serious concern despite the uncertainty surrounding future progress in AI. It also proposes an approach ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Compatible |
Metaverse lawrefers to legal systems, policies and theories concerningmetaversetechnologies involvingvirtual reality,augmented reality,mixed reality, andhyperreality.[1]Metaverse Law also refers to a privacy, AI, and cybersecurity law firm founded in 2018.[2]
Metaverse law is in the early stages of development in lega... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse_law |
Personhoodis the status of being aperson. Defining personhood is a controversial topic inphilosophyandlawand is closely tied with legal andpoliticalconcepts ofcitizenship,equality, andliberty. According to law, only alegal person(either anaturalor ajuridical person) hasrights, protections, privileges, responsibilities,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personhood |
Regulation of artificial intelligenceis the development of public sectorpoliciesand laws for promoting and regulatingartificial intelligence(AI). It is part of the broaderregulation of algorithms.[1][2]The regulatory and policy landscape for AI is an emerging issue in jurisdictions worldwide, including for internationa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_artificial_intelligence |
Robotic governanceprovides a regulatory framework to deal with autonomous and intelligent machines.[1][2][3]This includes research and development activities as well as handling of these machines. The idea is related to the concepts ofcorporate governance,technology governance[4]andIT-governance, which provide a framew... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_governance |
Roko's basiliskis athought experimentwhich states there could be an otherwise benevolent artificialsuperintelligence(AI) in the future that would punish anyone who knew of its potential existence but did not directly contribute to its advancement or development, in order to incentivize said advancement.[1][2]It origina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roko%27s_basilisk |
Risks of astronomical suffering, also calledsuffering risksors-risks, are risks involving much moresufferingthan all that has occurred on Earth so far.[2][3]They are sometimes categorized as a subclass ofexistential risks.[4]
According to some scholars, s-risks warrant serious consideration as they are not extremely u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffering_risks |
Cyc(pronounced/ˈsaɪk/SYKE) is a long-termartificial intelligence(AI) project that aims to assemble a comprehensiveontologyandknowledge basethat spans the basic concepts and rules about how the world works. Hoping to capturecommon sense knowledge, Cyc focuses onimplicit knowledge. The project began in July 1984 atMCCand... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyc |
Geminiis a family ofmultimodallarge language models(LLMs) developed byGoogle DeepMind, and the successor toLaMDAandPaLM 2. Comprising Gemini Ultra, Gemini Pro, Gemini Flash, and Gemini Nano, it was announced on December 6, 2023, positioned as a competitor toOpenAI'sGPT-4. It powers thechatbotof the same name. In March ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(language_model) |
Adangling modifier(also known as adangling participle,illogical participleorhanging participle) is a type of ambiguousgrammaticalconstruct whereby agrammatical modifiercould be misinterpreted as being associated with a word other than the one intended.[1]A dangling modifier has no subject and is usually aparticiple. A ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangling_modifier |
Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuationis a non-fiction book written byLynne Truss, the former host ofBBC Radio 4'sCutting a Dashprogramme. In the book, published in 2003, Truss bemoans the state ofpunctuationin the United Kingdom and the United States and describes how rules are being relaxed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eats,_Shoots_%26_Leaves |
Agarden-path sentenceis a grammatically correctsentencethat starts in such a way that a reader's most likely interpretation will be incorrect; the reader is lured into aparsethat turns out to be a dead end or yields a clearly unintended meaning.Garden pathrefers to the saying "to be led down [or up] the garden path", m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_path_sentence |
Ibis redibis nunquam per bella peribis(alternativelyIbis redibis nunquam in bello morieris) is aLatinphrase, often used to illustrate the meaning ofsyntactic ambiguityto students of either Latin orlinguistics. Traditionally, it is attributed to theoraclesofDodona. The phrase is thought to have been uttered by a general... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibis_redibis_nunquam_per_bella_peribis |
Aparaprosdokian(/pærəprɒsˈdoʊkiən/), orpar'hyponoian, is afigure of speechin which the latter part of a sentence, phrase, or larger discourse is surprising or unexpected in a way that causes the reader or listener to reframe or reinterpret the first part. It is frequently used for humorous or dramatic effect, sometimes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraprosdokian |
Thereading span task(RST) is a commonmemory spantask widely cited in, and adapted for, investigations ofworking memory,cognitive processing, andreading comprehensionthat was first published by Meredyth Daneman andPatricia Carpenterin 1980.[1]It is a verbal working memory test.
The original RST required participants to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_span_task |
Theserial comma(also referred to as theseries comma,Oxford comma,[1]orHarvard comma[2]) is acommaplaced after the second-to-last term in a list (just before theconjunction) when writing out three or more terms.[3][4][5]For example, a list of three countries might be punctuated with the serial comma as "France, Italy, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_comma |
"The Purple People Eater" is anovelty songwritten and performed bySheb Wooley, which reached number one on theBillboardpop charts in 1958 from June 9 to July 14, number one inCanada,[5]number 12 overall in the UK Singles Chart, and topped the Australian chart.
The premise of the song came from a joke told by the child... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Purple_People_Eater |
Buzzword bingo, also known asbullshit bingo,[1]is abingo-style game where participants prepare bingo cards withbuzzwordsand tick them off when they are uttered during an event, such as a meeting or speech. The goal of the game is to tick off a predetermined number of words in a row and then signal bingo to other player... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzzword_bingo |
In thetechnology industry,buzzword compliantis atongue-in-cheekexpression used to suggest that a particularproductsupports features simply because they are currentlyfashionable.[1][2]
Buzzword compliance is a modern version of the old practice of beingcheckbox compliant, ensuring that a product has all the features li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzzword_compliant |
Acatchphrase(alternatively spelledcatch phrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance. Such phrases often originate inpopular cultureand in the arts, and typically spread through word of mouth and a variety of mass media (such as films, internet, literature and publishing, television, and radio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catchphrase |
Corporate jargon(variously known ascorporate speak,corporate lingo,business speak,business jargon,management speak,workplace jargon,corpospeak,corporatese, orcommercialese) is thejargonoften used in largecorporations,bureaucracies, and similar workplaces.[1][2]Thelanguage registerof the term is generally being presente... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_jargon |
TheGartner hype cycleis a graphical presentation developed, used and branded by the American research and advisory firmGartnerto represent the maturity, adoption, and social application of specifictechnologies. The hype cycle framework was introduced in 1995 by Gartner analyst Jackie Fenn[1]to provide a graphical and c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gartner_hype_cycle |
Anideographorvirtue wordis a word frequently used in political discourse that uses an abstract concept to develop support for political positions. Such words are usually terms that do not have a clear definition but are used to give the impression of a clear meaning. An ideograph in rhetoric often exists as a building ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideograph_(rhetoric) |
Thelaw of the instrument,law of the hammer,[1]Maslow's hammer, orgolden hammer[a]is acognitive biasthat involves an over-reliance on a familiar tool.Abraham Maslowwrote in 1966, "it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail."[2]
The concept is attributed both toMaslow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_instrument |
Loaded language[a]isrhetoricused to influence an audience by using words and phrases with strongconnotations. This type of language is very often made vague to more effectivelyinvoke an emotional responseand/or exploitstereotypes.[1][2][3]Loaded words and phrases have significant emotional implications and involve stro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loaded_language |
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