gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-96537 | 57277589dd62a815002e9d5a | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | There are several details that are only found in one of the gospel accounts. For instance, only Matthew's gospel mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, while Mark is the only one to state the actual time of the crucifixion (the third hour... | What detail of Jesus's Crucifiction was only found in Matthew's Gospel? | What detail of Jesus's Crucifiction was only found in Matthew's Gospel? | [
"What detail of Jesus's Crucifiction was only found in Matthew's Gospel?"
] | {
"text": [
"an earthquake"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1927 | 5ad17932645df0001a2d1dac | Military_history_of_the_United_States | After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45... | What country allowed forces to stage within it? | What country allowed forces to stage within it? | [
" What country allowed forces to stage within it?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32776 | 5a32d866bd0d7f001aef948d | Central_African_Republic | During the 16th and 17th centuries slave traders began to raid the region as part of the expansion of the Saharan and Nile River slave routes. Their captives were slaved and shipped to the Mediterranean coast, Europe, Arabia, the Western Hemisphere, or to the slave ports and factories along the West and North Africa or... | What did the Bobangi people establish in the 18th century along the Ubangi River? | What did the Bobangi people establish in the 18th century along the Ubangi River? | [
"What did the Bobangi people establish in the 18th century along the Ubangi River?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71714 | 56f8fa3c9b226e1400dd1216 | Near_East | These regions were occupied by "the brown men," with the yellow in the Far East and the black in Africa. The color issue was not settled until Kenya became independent in 1963, ending the last vestige of the British Empire. | The color issue was not settled until when? | The color issue was not settled until when? | [
"The color issue was not settled until when?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kenya became independent"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28965 | 5ad3b24c604f3c001a3fecfc | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | What did the WTO agreement accomplish? | What did the WTO agreement accomplish? | [
"What did the WTO agreement accomplish?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94456 | 5a7ea02948f7d9001a063785 | Cork_(city) | The city is also the home of road bowling, which is played in the north-side and south-west suburbs. There are also boxing and martial arts clubs (including Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Karate, Muay Thai and Taekwondo) within the city. Cork Racing, a motorsport team based in Cork, has raced in the Irish Formula Ford Championsh... | During what season is road bowling played inside? | During what season is road bowling played inside? | [
"During what season is road bowling played inside?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115499 | 56eab6410030b61400a35055 | Political_corruption | There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a criti... | What type of corruption is hard to get rid of even in developed countries? | What type of corruption is hard to get rid of even in developed countries? | [
"What type of corruption is hard to get rid of even in developed countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"judiciary"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84092 | 5a7e379370df9f001a87558a | Translation | The Arabs undertook large-scale efforts at translation. Having conquered the Greek world, they made Arabic versions of its philosophical and scientific works. During the Middle Ages, translations of some of these Arabic versions were made into Latin, chiefly at Córdoba in Spain. King Alfonso X el Sabio (Alphonse the Wi... | What is Schola Traductorum not considered in English? | What is Schola Traductorum not considered in English? | [
"What is Schola Traductorum not considered in English?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106043 | 56e0fedde3433e1400422a76 | Space_Race | Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development. Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns "were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday."[citation needed] On April 24, 1967, the single pilot ... | When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash? | When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash? | [
"When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 24, 1967"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26527 | 5a77a302b73996001af5a4c2 | University | Although the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty "masters," provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teaching addressed a very sp... | How many styles did the University of Oxford model end up taking when applied to other universities? | How many styles did the University of Oxford model end up taking when applied to other universities? | [
"How many styles did the University of Oxford model end up taking when applied to other universities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13112 | 5ad021dd77cf76001a686b21 | Republic_of_the_Congo | Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interes... | When did the reform program start? | When did the reform program start? | [
"When did the reform program start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18905 | 5ad0c91e645df0001a2d0340 | Premier_League | Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football, that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. On 8 Ju... | Who suggested increasing the number of games played? | Who suggested increasing the number of games played? | [
"Who suggested increasing the number of games played?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112211 | 5729117aaf94a219006aa021 | Race_(human_categorization) | Another way to look at differences between populations is to measure genetic differences rather than physical differences between groups. The mid-20th-century anthropologist William C. Boyd defined race as: "A population which differs significantly from other populations in regard to the frequency of one or more of the... | What may people who have lived in the same area for generations have in common? | What may people who have lived in the same area for generations have in common? | [
"What may people who have lived in the same area for generations have in common?"
] | {
"text": [
"alleles"
],
"answer_start": [
978
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10456 | 5acf8a5777cf76001a68517d | Comics | The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick... | What comic strip wasn't created by Osamu Tezuka? | What comic strip wasn't created by Osamu Tezuka? | [
"What comic strip wasn't created by Osamu Tezuka?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73963 | 5acf9bfc77cf76001a685490 | Architecture | In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture." | When did Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin paint the artwork called Contrasts? | When did Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin paint the artwork called Contrasts? | [
"When did Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin paint the artwork called Contrasts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68371 | 5a369da595360f001af1b2c6 | George_VI | The Duke and Duchess of York had two children: Elizabeth (called "Lilibet" by the family), and Margaret. The Duke and Duchess and their two daughters lived a relatively sheltered life at their London residence, 145 Piccadilly. They were a close and loving family. One of the few stirs arose when the Canadian Prime Minis... | In what year was King George V crowned? | In what year was King George V crowned? | [
"In what year was King George V crowned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71093 | 5acf5c9477cf76001a684c37 | University_of_Kansas | In the U.S. News & World Report's "America’s Best Colleges" 2016 issue, KU’s School of Engineering was ranked tied for 90th among national universities. | Who published America's Worst Colleges in 2016? | Who published America's Worst Colleges in 2016? | [
"Who published America's Worst Colleges in 2016?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98970 | 5a82325a31013a001a3352c7 | Turner_Classic_Movies | In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner acquired the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio for $1.5 billion. Concerns over Turner Entertainment's corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less th... | Up to what date of release did Kerkorian retain ownership of the MGM film library? | Up to what date of release did Kerkorian retain ownership of the MGM film library? | [
"Up to what date of release did Kerkorian retain ownership of the MGM film library?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66807 | 57281249ff5b5019007d9c6c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain extending 600 kilometres (370 mi) across ... | How many people were involved in the Baltic Chain? | How many people were involved in the Baltic Chain? | [
"How many people were involved in the Baltic Chain?"
] | {
"text": [
"estimated 2 million"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101242 | 5726d859dd62a815002e924e | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | On 1 September, Germany invaded Poland from the west. Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs. These executions took place in over 30 towns and villages in the first month of German occupation. The Luftwaffe also took part by strafing fleeing... | How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities? | How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities? | [
"How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities?"
] | {
"text": [
"signals broadcast by the Soviet radio"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70883 | 57320cb40fdd8d15006c671a | Bird | Breeding usually involves some form of courtship display, typically performed by the male. Most displays are rather simple and involve some type of song. Some displays, however, are quite elaborate. Depending on the species, these may include wing or tail drumming, dancing, aerial flights, or communal lekking. Females ... | Most courtship displays involve some type of what? | Most courtship displays involve some type of what? | [
"Most courtship displays involve some type of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"song"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69904 | 5ad49cc1ba00c4001a268db9 | Windows_8 | Windows 8 is available in three different editions, of which the lowest version, branded simply as Windows 8, and Windows 8 Pro, were sold at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on new computers. Each edition of Windows 8 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add ad... | What extras do Windows 9 Enterprise have? | What extras do Windows 9 Enterprise have? | [
"What extras do Windows 9 Enterprise have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81437 | 5725600a69ff041400e58c49 | Queen_Victoria | Napoleon III, since the Crimean War Britain's closest ally, visited London in April 1855, and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit. Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris. They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild ... | What did Napoleon III and the royal couple visit? | What did Napoleon III and the royal couple visit? | [
"What did Napoleon III and the royal couple visit? "
] | {
"text": [
"Exposition Universelle"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50718 | 56e961ae0b45c0140094cddf | Bern | In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 125,037. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 203, of which 184 were in agriculture and 19 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15,476 of which 7,650 or (49.4%) were in manufacturing, 51 or (0.3%) ... | How many jobs in the primary sector were in forestry or lumber production? | How many jobs in the primary sector were in forestry or lumber production? | [
"How many jobs in the primary sector were in forestry or lumber production?"
] | {
"text": [
"19"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14437 | 572f827604bcaa1900d76a41 | Han_dynasty | In Han government, the emperor was the supreme judge and lawgiver, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and sole designator of official nominees appointed to the top posts in central and local administrations; those who earned a 600-dan salary-rank or higher. Theoretically, there were no limits to his power. Howe... | Who was responsible for nominations of local administrators in the government? | Who was responsible for nominations of local administrators in the government? | [
"Who was responsible for nominations of local administrators in the government?"
] | {
"text": [
"the emperor"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15309 | 572fc58204bcaa1900d76ce1 | Hyderabad | The most commonly used forms of medium distance transport in Hyderabad include government owned services such as light railways and buses, as well as privately operated taxis and auto rickshaws. Bus services operate from the Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station in the city centre and carry over 130 million passengers daily acros... | What is the light rail system in Hyderabad known as? | What is the light rail system in Hyderabad known as? | [
"What is the light rail system in Hyderabad known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS)"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108876 | 5726ccdd708984140094d1b7 | Literature | In ancient India, literature originated from stories that were originally orally transmitted. Early genres included drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry. Sanskrit literature begins with the Vedas, dating back to 1500–1000 BCE, and continues with the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India. The Vedas are among the oldest sacr... | What were some different genres that emerged from ancient India's oral literary traditions? | What were some different genres that emerged from ancient India's oral literary traditions? | [
"What were some different genres that emerged from ancient India's oral literary traditions?"
] | {
"text": [
"drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21097 | 5a7724182d6d7f001a4a9f32 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | At over 5 million, Puerto Ricans are easily the 2nd largest Hispanic group. Of all major Hispanic groups, Puerto Ricans are the least likely to be proficient in Spanish, but millions of Puerto Rican Americans living in the U.S. mainland nonetheless are fluent in Spanish. Puerto Ricans are natural-born U.S. citizens, an... | Which group is least likely to be proficient in English? | Which group is least likely to be proficient in English? | [
"Which group is least likely to be proficient in English?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102622 | 57303e14947a6a140053d316 | Association_football | The growth in women's football has seen major competitions being launched at both national and international level mirroring the male competitions. Women's football has faced many struggles. It had a "golden age" in the United Kingdom in the early 1920s when crowds reached 50,000 at some matches; this was stopped on 5 ... | What decade is considered the "golden age" of women's football? | What decade is considered the "golden age" of women's football? | [
"What decade is considered the \"golden age\" of women's football?"
] | {
"text": [
"1920s"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31302 | 57268312dd62a815002e87be | Germans | By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts... | By what time period had many of the Jewish population joined the Holy Roman Empire? | By what time period had many of the Jewish population joined the Holy Roman Empire? | [
"By what time period had many of the Jewish population joined the Holy Roman Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Middle Ages"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32590 | 570e0a430b85d914000d7c8b | Antarctica | The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Environmental Protocol or Madrid Protocol) came into force in 1998, and is the main instrument concerned with conservation and management of biodiversity in Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting is advised on environment... | Besides conservation, what is the Environmental Protocol's goal to manage? | Besides conservation, what is the Environmental Protocol's goal to manage? | [
"Besides conservation, what is the Environmental Protocol's goal to manage?"
] | {
"text": [
"biodiversity"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24658 | 56cee5a1aab44d1400b88c24 | New_York_City | The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants. Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's popul... | In 1860, approximately how many people of Irish extraction were in New York? | In 1860, approximately how many people of Irish extraction were in New York? | [
"In 1860, approximately how many people of Irish extraction were in New York?"
] | {
"text": [
"200,000"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95090 | 56df781c5ca0a614008f9af2 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. ... | At what age did Bell ask for a middle name? | At what age did Bell ask for a middle name? | [
"At what age did Bell ask for a middle name?"
] | {
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112772 | 570b24296b8089140040f77d | Xbox_360 | To aid customers with defective consoles, Microsoft extended the Xbox 360's manufacturer's warranty to three years for hardware failure problems that generate a "General Hardware Failure" error report. A "General Hardware Failure" is recognized on all models released before the Xbox 360 S by three quadrants of the ring... | What is the flashing indicator of a general hardware error known as? | What is the flashing indicator of a general hardware error known as? | [
"What is the flashing indicator of a general hardware error known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Red Ring of Death"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5878 | 5706bbe32eaba6190074accc | House_music | 2010s saw multiple new sounds in house music developed by numerous DJs. Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less "Swedish progressive house" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello (These three formed a trio called Swedish House Mafia), Avicii, Alesso, etc. Netherlands brought together a concept o... | Big room house has found increasing popularity since what year? | Big room house has found increasing popularity since what year? | [
"Big room house has found increasing popularity since what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
1165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112967 | 570d5d0cb3d812140066d746 | Adolescence | A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is... | What transitions occur during puberty in addition to living circumstances? | What transitions occur during puberty in addition to living circumstances? | [
"What transitions occur during puberty in addition to living circumstances?"
] | {
"text": [
"education, training, employment and unemployment"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22316 | 56e7aa8000c9c71400d774ba | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | On June 18, 2009, the National Archives announced the launching of a YouTube channel "to showcase popular archived films, inform the public about upcoming events around the country, and bring National Archives exhibits to the people." Also in 2009, the National Archives launched a Flickr photostream to share portions o... | The National Archives' educational team created a website in what year? | The National Archives' educational team created a website in what year? | [
"The National Archives' educational team created a website in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83595 | 572653d0708984140094c28b | Florida | Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for "flowery land") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba... | What is the state capital of Florida | What is the state capital of Florida | [
"What is the state capital of Florida "
] | {
"text": [
"Tallahassee is the state capital"
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108410 | 56e072537aa994140058e4c9 | Aspirated_consonant | Some forms of Greek before the Koine Greek period are reconstructed as having aspirated stops. The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian: /t tʰ d/. These stops were called ψιλά, δασέα, μέσα "thin, thick, middle" by Koine Greek grammarians. | Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what? | Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what? | [
"Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what?"
] | {
"text": [
"aspirated stops."
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115853 | 5a8dca8edf8bba001a0f9c2c | Richard_Feynman | He attained a perfect score on the graduate school entrance exams to Princeton University in mathematics and physics—an unprecedented feat—but did rather poorly on the history and English portions. Attendees at Feynman's first seminar included Albert Einstein, Wolfgang Pauli, and John von Neumann. He received a PhD fro... | Which one section of the graduate exam did Feynman do well in? | Which one section of the graduate exam did Feynman do well in? | [
"Which one section of the graduate exam did Feynman do well in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104115 | 5ad16ce1645df0001a2d1abe | Mandolin | A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versi... | What is the Italian word for mandolino? | What is the Italian word for mandolino? | [
"What is the Italian word for mandolino?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9183 | 57325d630fdd8d15006c6a38 | The_Bronx | Until March 1, 2009, the Borough President of the Bronx was Adolfo Carrión Jr., elected as a Democrat in 2001 and 2005 before retiring early to direct the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy. His successor, Democratic New York State Assembly member Rubén Díaz, Jr., who won a special election on April 21, 2009 by... | When was Carrion Jr. first elected Borough President? | When was Carrion Jr. first elected Borough President? | [
"When was Carrion Jr. first elected Borough President?"
] | {
"text": [
"2001"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18228 | 570e1feb0b85d914000d7ce2 | Eritrea | In its 2014 Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked the media environment in Eritrea at the very bottom of a list of 178 countries, just below totalitarian North Korea. According to the BBC, "Eritrea is the only African country to have no privately owned news media", and Reporters Without Borders said of ... | How did Reporters Without Borders rank the media environment of Eritrea compared to totalitarian North Korea? | How did Reporters Without Borders rank the media environment of Eritrea compared to totalitarian North Korea? | [
"How did Reporters Without Borders rank the media environment of Eritrea compared to totalitarian North Korea?"
] | {
"text": [
"just below"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64215 | 5ace8da432bba1001ae4aa24 | Annelid | In addition to re-writing the classification of annelids and 3 previously independent phyla, the molecular phylogenetics analyses undermine the emphasis that decades of previous writings placed on the importance of segmentation in the classification of invertebrates. Polychaetes, which these analyses found to be the pa... | What offshoots of polychaetes are only segmented in the head? | What offshoots of polychaetes are only segmented in the head? | [
"What offshoots of polychaetes are only segmented in the head?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55287 | 5727dbdf3acd2414000dee3c | Baptists | A minority view is that early seventeenth-century Baptists were influenced by (but not directly connected to) continental Anabaptists. According to this view, the General Baptists shared similarities with Dutch Waterlander Mennonites (one of many Anabaptist groups) including believer's baptism only, religious liberty, ... | Who are two representative writers? | Who are two representative writers? | [
"Who are two representative writers?"
] | {
"text": [
"A.C. Underwood and William R. Estep. Gourley"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41507 | 56cebb71aab44d1400b88951 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Details of school casualties had been under non-governmental investigation since December 2008 by volunteers including artist and architect Ai Weiwei, who had been constantly posting updates on his blog since March 2009. The official tally of students killed in the earthquake was not released until May 7, 2009, almost ... | When did an investigation occur under school casualties? | When did an investigation occur under school casualties? | [
"When did an investigation occur under school casualties?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80017 | 5726a4cd708984140094ccc1 | Samoa | The origins of the Samoans are closely studied in modern research about Polynesia in various scientific disciplines such as genetics, linguistics and anthropology. Scientific research is ongoing, although a number of different theories exist; including one proposing that the Samoans originated from Austronesian predece... | One theory posits that Samoans originated from what people during the Lapita expansion period? | One theory posits that Samoans originated from what people during the Lapita expansion period? | [
"One theory posits that Samoans originated from what people during the Lapita expansion period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Austronesian"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50636 | 56e874800b45c0140094ccaa | Bern | As of 2015, Bern's City Council is made up of two representatives of the SP (Social Democratic Party, of whom one is also the mayor), and one each of CVP (Christian Democratic Party), GB (Green Alliance of Berne), and FDP (FDP.The Liberals), giving the left parties a majority of three out of five seats. The last electi... | What is the Christian Democratic Party also known as? | What is the Christian Democratic Party also known as? | [
"What is the Christian Democratic Party also known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"CVP"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6239 | 57276fdcdd62a815002e9cdc | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combi... | What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages? | What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages? | [
"What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages?"
] | {
"text": [
"new trading routes"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75178 | 572844ec4b864d190016487c | Labour_Party_(UK) | In 1899, a Doncaster member of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, Thomas R. Steels, proposed in his union branch that the Trade Union Congress call a special conference to bring together all left-wing organisations and form them into a single body that would sponsor Parliamentary candidates. The motion was pa... | What year did Thomas R. Steels propose the single body union branch? | What year did Thomas R. Steels propose the single body union branch? | [
"What year did Thomas R. Steels propose the single body union branch?"
] | {
"text": [
"1899"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43850 | 56d10dc217492d1400aab830 | Kanye_West | Following a headlining set at Coachella 2011 that was described by The Hollywood Reporter as "one of greatest hip-hop sets of all time", West released the collaborative album Watch the Throne with Jay-Z. By employing a sales strategy that released the album digitally weeks before its physical counterpart, Watch the Thr... | What was the top single off the album "Watch the Throne"? | What was the top single off the album "Watch the Throne"? | [
"What was the top single off the album \"Watch the Throne\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Niggas in Paris\""
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36461 | 5730ba5c8ab72b1400f9c715 | Immaculate_Conception | The doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus. This misunderstanding of the term immaculate conception is frequently met in the mass media. Catholics believe that Mary was not the product of a virginal concepti... | What is the view held at the Vatican regarding how Mary was actually given life into the world ? | What is the view held at the Vatican regarding how Mary was actually given life into the world ? | [
"What is the view held at the Vatican regarding how Mary was actually given life into the world ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Catholics believe that Mary was not the product of a virginal conception herself but was the daughter of a human father and mother"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65673 | 5728cdc64b864d1900164e73 | Detroit | Many of the area's prominent museums are located in the historic cultural center neighborhood around Wayne State University and the College for Creative Studies. These museums include the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Detroit Historical Museum, Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, the Detroit Science ... | What is the name of the Detroit museum of African American history? | What is the name of the Detroit museum of African American history? | [
"What is the name of the Detroit museum of African American history?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48342 | 56fa4b89f34c681400b0c06d | Wood | Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider va... | For modern solid wood doors, what wood is often used in addition to small-knotted pine or poplar? | For modern solid wood doors, what wood is often used in addition to small-knotted pine or poplar? | [
"For modern solid wood doors, what wood is often used in addition to small-knotted pine or poplar?"
] | {
"text": [
"Douglas fir"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1559 | 5731792de6313a140071cf7e | Mosaic | Later fresco replaced the more labor-intensive technique of mosaic in Western-Europe, although mosaics were sometimes used as decoration on medieval cathedrals. The Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings in Székesfehérvár (Alba Regia) had a mosaic decoration in the apse. It was probably a work of Venetian or Ravennese c... | Who created the Last judgement mosaic in the St. Vitus Cathedral? | Who created the Last judgement mosaic in the St. Vitus Cathedral? | [
"Who created the Last judgement mosaic in the St. Vitus Cathedral?"
] | {
"text": [
"Venetian craftsmen"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89309 | 5a149f88a54d4200185292b2 | Great_power | Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as th... | After WWII which country was the pre-eminent power? | After WWII which country was the pre-eminent power? | [
"After WWII which country was the pre-eminent power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57911 | 57272e44f1498d1400e8f447 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | On July 26, Truman mandated the end of hiring and employment discrimination in the federal government, reaffirming FDR's order of 1941.:40 He issued two executive orders on July 26, 1948: Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981. Executive Order 9980, named Regulations Governing for Employment Practices within the... | Which position was formulated as a result of Executive Order 9980? | Which position was formulated as a result of Executive Order 9980? | [
"Which position was formulated as a result of Executive Order 9980?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fair Employment Officer"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63960 | 572825ad4b864d190016459a | Annelid | Since annelids are soft-bodied, their fossils are rare – mostly jaws and the mineralized tubes that some of the species secreted. Although some late Ediacaran fossils may represent annelids, the oldest known fossil that is identified with confidence comes from about 518 million years ago in the early Cambrian period. F... | Why are annelid fossils rare? | Why are annelid fossils rare? | [
"Why are annelid fossils rare?"
] | {
"text": [
"annelids are soft-bodied"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38976 | 5a2c5ab1bfd06b001a5aeb32 | Serbo-Croatian | The luxurious and ornate representative texts of Serbo-Croatian Church Slavonic belong to the later era, when they coexisted with the Serbo-Croatian vernacular literature. The most notable are the "Missal of Duke Novak" from the Lika region in northwestern Croatia (1368), "Evangel from Reims" (1395, named after the tow... | What did the Bosnia Church Slavonic coexist with? | What did the Bosnia Church Slavonic coexist with? | [
"What did the Bosnia Church Slavonic coexist with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27267 | 572edbc103f9891900756a95 | Transistor | The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be ... | When was the thermionic triode invented? | When was the thermionic triode invented? | [
"When was the thermionic triode invented?"
] | {
"text": [
"1907"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88117 | 57285eda3acd2414000df972 | God | Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world, in general, supernatural beings tend to behave much like people. The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion. He cites examples from Greek mythology, which is, in his o... | What is one of the most common traits of religion according to Boyer? | What is one of the most common traits of religion according to Boyer? | [
"What is one of the most common traits of religion according to Boyer?"
] | {
"text": [
"The construction of gods and spirits like persons"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69632 | 5ad491ebba00c4001a268c41 | Windows_8 | Windows 8 was released to a mixed critical reception. Although reaction towards its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices was positive, the new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for being potentially confusing and difficult to learn (esp... | What about Windows 8 was poorly received? | What about Windows 8 was poorly received? | [
"What about Windows 8 was poorly received?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79268 | 5727738edd62a815002e9d2e | Heian_period | Despite their usurpation of imperial authority, the Fujiwara presided over a period of cultural and artistic flowering at the imperial court and among the aristocracy. There was great interest in graceful poetry and vernacular literature. Two types of phonetic Japanese script: katakana, a simplified script that was dev... | What script was developed with parts of Chinese characters? | What script was developed with parts of Chinese characters? | [
"What script was developed with parts of Chinese characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"katakana"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49587 | 570d5cb9fed7b91900d45f39 | Valencia | During the regency of Maria Cristina, Espartero ruled Spain for two years as its 18th Prime Minister from 16 September 1840 to 21 May 1841. Under his progressive government the old regime was tenuously reconciled to his liberal policies. During this period of upheaval in the provinces he declared that all the estates o... | Whose troops threatened reprisals in Valencia? | Whose troops threatened reprisals in Valencia? | [
"Whose troops threatened reprisals in Valencia?"
] | {
"text": [
"General Cabrera"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96556 | 5a8c773cfd22b3001a8d8851 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | According to the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 15:4), Jesus was raised from the dead ("on the third day" counting the day of crucifixion as the first) and according to the canonical Gospels, appeared to his disciples on different occasions before ascending to heaven. The account given in Acts of the Apostles... | How often do scholars need to revise what they have written about the Bible? | How often do scholars need to revise what they have written about the Bible? | [
"How often do scholars need to revise what they have written about the Bible?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25757 | 5a8353c7e60761001a2eb590 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite... | Where was the smallest mass of copper found? | Where was the smallest mass of copper found? | [
"Where was the smallest mass of copper found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24548 | 56ce345caab44d1400b88580 | New_York_City | The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). | In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area? | In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area? | [
"In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area?"
] | {
"text": [
"1524"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89539 | 572fa66704bcaa1900d76b39 | The_Blitz | Much civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter programme to finish... | What civil-defense efforts were left to local authorities to handle? | What civil-defense efforts were left to local authorities to handle? | [
"What civil-defense efforts were left to local authorities to handle?"
] | {
"text": [
"shelters"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68029 | 57302bbf04bcaa1900d772c4 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes,... | How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880? | How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880? | [
"How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880?"
] | {
"text": [
"27,000"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27122 | 5a57e0c4770dc0001aeefe54 | Orthodox_Judaism | According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as cl... | What is the commandments in the Torah based on according to Modern day Judaism? | What is the commandments in the Torah based on according to Modern day Judaism? | [
"What is the commandments in the Torah based on according to Modern day Judaism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80749 | 5723b340f6b826140030fc83 | Queen_Victoria | In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who c... | What was the name of Victoria's final child? | What was the name of Victoria's final child? | [
"What was the name of Victoria's final child?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beatrice"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29525 | 5a56a1a56349e2001acdcec0 | Swaziland | Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the cer... | What is Swazilands oldest cultural event? | What is Swazilands oldest cultural event? | [
"What is Swazilands oldest cultural event?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115171 | 5a39e9b52f14dd001ac7263a | Mammal | If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the the... | What is Tikitherium more closely related to more than therian mammals? | What is Tikitherium more closely related to more than therian mammals? | [
"What is Tikitherium more closely related to more than therian mammals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24691 | 56cfdc1e234ae51400d9bf85 | New_York_City | Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters was c... | The headquarters what organization was done being build in 1952 in New York? | The headquarters what organization was done being build in 1952 in New York? | [
"The headquarters what organization was done being build in 1952 in New York?"
] | {
"text": [
"United Nations"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71657 | 56f8effd9e9bad19000a073d | Near_East | The book was never published. Instead the Normans whirled off to New York. Norman published the gist of his planned travel book curiously mixed with vituperation against the Ottoman Empire in an article in June, 1896, in Scribner's Magazine. The empire had descended from an enlightened civilization ruling over barbaria... | What magazine did Norman publish his work in? | What magazine did Norman publish his work in? | [
"What magazine did Norman publish his work in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Scribner's Magazine"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83972 | 5730621f2461fd1900a9cdf0 | Translation | Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab a... | What helped revitalize Western translation traditions from Arabic? | What helped revitalize Western translation traditions from Arabic? | [
"What helped revitalize Western translation traditions from Arabic?"
] | {
"text": [
"techniques"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114103 | 5a42cfd64a4859001aac7338 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | But in statistical mechanics things get more complicated. On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate. But statistical mechanics, unlike cla... | What is an abso;ute law in statistical mechanics? | What is an abso;ute law in statistical mechanics? | [
"What is an abso;ute law in statistical mechanics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65343 | 572704d8dd62a815002e97c3 | Crimean_War | The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being b... | After fighting for weeks, what did the Russians continue to have control over? | After fighting for weeks, what did the Russians continue to have control over? | [
"After fighting for weeks, what did the Russians continue to have control over?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Mamelon"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89748 | 573043c6a23a5019007fd029 | The_Blitz | Directive 23 was the only concession made by Göring to the Kriegsmarine over the strategic bombing strategy of the Luftwaffe against Britain. Thereafter, he would refuse to make available any air units to destroy British dockyards, ports, port facilities, or shipping in dock or at sea, lest Kriegsmarine gain control of... | Who was Raeder's successor? | Who was Raeder's successor? | [
"Who was Raeder's successor? "
] | {
"text": [
"Karl Dönitz"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11218 | 5733e8ccd058e614000b6572 | Anthropology | But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At ... | Why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs, according to David H. Price? | Why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs, according to David H. Price? | [
"Why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs, according to David H. Price?"
] | {
"text": [
"communist sympathies."
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71679 | 56f8f4539e9bad19000a0774 | Near_East | From the death of the Near East new nations were able to rise from the ashes, notably the Republic of Turkey. Paradoxically it now aligned itself with the west rather than with the east. Mustafa Kemal, its founder, a former Ottoman high-ranking officer, was insistent on this social revolution, which, among other change... | What notable nation was able to rise from the ashes of the Near East? | What notable nation was able to rise from the ashes of the Near East? | [
"What notable nation was able to rise from the ashes of the Near East?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Republic of Turkey"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50806 | 572e9cadc246551400ce43f0 | Seven_Years%27_War | Frederick saw Saxony and Polish west Prussia as potential fields for expansion but could not expect French support if he started an aggressive war for them. If he joined the French against the British in the hope of annexing Hanover, he might fall victim to an Austro-Russian attack. The hereditary elector of Saxony, Au... | Who was Poland's ancient ally? | Who was Poland's ancient ally? | [
"Who was Poland's ancient ally?"
] | {
"text": [
"Poland, despite its union with the ancient lands of Lithuania,"
],
"answer_start": [
576
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100533 | 572d10fadfb02c14005c6c29 | Post-punk | The term "post-punk" was first used by journalists in the late 1970s to describe groups moving beyond punk's sonic template into disparate areas. Many of these artists, initially inspired by punk's DIY ethic and energy, ultimately became disillusioned with the style and movement, feeling that it had fallen into commerc... | What inspired early post-punk artists? | What inspired early post-punk artists? | [
"What inspired early post-punk artists?"
] | {
"text": [
"punk's DIY ethic and energy"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3069 | 5acdabd307355d001abf48f2 | British_Isles | The idea of building a tunnel under the Irish Sea has been raised since 1895, when it was first investigated. Several potential Irish Sea tunnel projects have been proposed, most recently the Tusker Tunnel between the ports of Rosslare and Fishguard proposed by The Institute of Engineers of Ireland in 2004. A rail tunn... | The Tusker Tunnel is located between the islands of Rosslare and? | The Tusker Tunnel is located between the islands of Rosslare and? | [
"The Tusker Tunnel is located between the islands of Rosslare and?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20411 | 5729747d3f37b31900478405 | Glass | Glass-ceramic materials share many properties with both non-crystalline glass and crystalline ceramics. They are formed as a glass, and then partially crystallized by heat treatment. For example, the microstructure of whiteware ceramics frequently contains both amorphous and crystalline phases. Crystalline grains are o... | What word means that ceramics don't absorb liquids? | What word means that ceramics don't absorb liquids? | [
"What word means that ceramics don't absorb liquids?"
] | {
"text": [
"vitreous"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56193 | 5726aebf708984140094cdcb | Nonprofit_organization | A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its sur... | What is it called when a non-profit uses it's money as it should? | What is it called when a non-profit uses it's money as it should? | [
"What is it called when a non-profit uses it's money as it should?"
] | {
"text": [
"distribution constraint"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17834 | 56ceea40aab44d1400b88c99 | Spectre_(2015_film) | In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), ... | How much did Spectre make in its first week? | How much did Spectre make in its first week? | [
"How much did Spectre make in its first week?"
] | {
"text": [
"£41.7 million ($63.8 million)"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13047 | 56dcfce466d3e219004dab84 | Republic_of_the_Congo | Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and C... | Which country lies southwest of the Congo? | Which country lies southwest of the Congo? | [
"Which country lies southwest of the Congo?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cabinda"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37565 | 57281e912ca10214002d9e3c | London | Greater London encompasses a total area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, compr... | What is the main geographical landmark in London? | What is the main geographical landmark in London? | [
"What is the main geographical landmark in London?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Thames"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82660 | 56e02b8a7aa994140058e2ef | Saint_Helena | The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling from As... | What did the island have an abundance of when discovered? | What did the island have an abundance of when discovered? | [
"What did the island have an abundance of when discovered?"
] | {
"text": [
"trees and fresh water."
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18085 | 570dabef16d0071400510c91 | Eritrea | At Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind and provides a link between hominids and the earliest anatomically modern humans. It... | What place in Eritrea is believed to have played a major part in human evolution? | What place in Eritrea is believed to have played a major part in human evolution? | [
"What place in Eritrea is believed to have played a major part in human evolution?"
] | {
"text": [
"section of the Danakil Depression"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106461 | 572610b989a1e219009ac1c4 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, the only few surviving representative texts being those of Menander (born 342/1 BCE). Only one play, Dyskolos, survives in its entirety. The plots of this new Hellenistic comedy of manners were more domestic and formulaic, stereotypical low born characters such as slav... | What is the name of the collection that holds fragments of works from 150 authors? | What is the name of the collection that holds fragments of works from 150 authors? | [
"What is the name of the collection that holds fragments of works from 150 authors?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Supplementum Hellenisticum"
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100768 | 572ec73bdfa6aa1500f8d398 | Post-punk | Artists such as Gary Numan, the Human League, Soft Cell, John Foxx and Visage helped pioneer a new synthpop style that drew more heavily from electronic and synthesizer music and benefited from the rise of MTV. Post-punk artists such as Scritti Politti's Green Gartside and Josef K's Paul Haig, previously engaged in ava... | What type of ideas did post-punk artists attempt to sneak into mainstream pop? | What type of ideas did post-punk artists attempt to sneak into mainstream pop? | [
"What type of ideas did post-punk artists attempt to sneak into mainstream pop?"
] | {
"text": [
"subversive"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58713 | 5a46b78e5fd40d001a27dc8f | Rajasthan | Modern Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana, which comprises the erstwhile nineteen princely states, two chiefships, and the British district of Ajmer-Merwara. Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner, Mewar (Chittorgarh), Alwar and Dhundhar (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput princely states. Bharatpur and Dholpur were Jat princel... | How many princely states are included in Alwar? | How many princely states are included in Alwar? | [
"How many princely states are included in Alwar?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113680 | 572f52b1947a6a140053c879 | Central_Intelligence_Agency | The role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki) (SVR), the Indian Res... | What is the acronym for French's intelligence service? | What is the acronym for French's intelligence service? | [
"What is the acronym for French's intelligence service?"
] | {
"text": [
"DGSE"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40853 | 572668ae5951b619008f71de | Predation | Parasitoids are organisms living in or on their host and feeding directly upon it, eventually leading to its death. They are much like parasites in their close symbiotic relationship with their host or hosts. Like the previous two classifications parasitoid predators do not kill their hosts instantly. However, unlike p... | It is believed that parasitoids account for what percentage of the total insect population? | It is believed that parasitoids account for what percentage of the total insect population? | [
"It is believed that parasitoids account for what percentage of the total insect population? "
] | {
"text": [
"10%"
],
"answer_start": [
999
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62144 | 57267b7edd62a815002e86b0 | Chicago_Cubs | The 2013 season resulted in much as the same the year before. Shortly before the trade deadline, the Cubs traded Matt Garza to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C. J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm. Three days later, the Cubs sent Alfonso Soriano to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Corey Black. The mid sea... | Who did the Cubs trade to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C.J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm? | Who did the Cubs trade to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C.J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm? | [
"Who did the Cubs trade to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C.J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm?"
] | {
"text": [
"Matt Garza"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112681 | 570d9cecdf2f5219002ed042 | United_States_Army | The army is also changing its base unit from divisions to brigades. Division lineage will be retained, but the divisional headquarters will be able to command any brigade, not just brigades that carry their divisional lineage. The central part of this plan is that each brigade will be modular, i.e., all brigades of the... | Who can command any brigade? | Who can command any brigade? | [
"Who can command any brigade?"
] | {
"text": [
"divisional headquarters"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81350 | 5ad16d54645df0001a2d1ad7 | Queen_Victoria | By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite... | What year did Leopold become King of the Belgiums? | What year did Leopold become King of the Belgiums? | [
"What year did Leopold become King of the Belgiums?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89396 | 573122cea5e9cc1400cdbc7f | Great_power | Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has... | What countries are great powers mostly based on economic reasons? | What countries are great powers mostly based on economic reasons? | [
"What countries are great powers mostly based on economic reasons?"
] | {
"text": [
"Japan and Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
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