gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-46451 | 5ad0a760645df0001a2cffb4 | Department_store | The Grands Magasins Dufayel was a huge department store with inexpensive prices built in 1890 in the northern part of Paris, where it reached a very large new customer base in the working class. In a neighborhood with few public spaces, it provided a consumer version of the public square. It educated workers to approac... | What were employees taught that made a shopping experience the same? | What were employees taught that made a shopping experience the same? | [
"What were employees taught that made a shopping experience the same?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69115 | 57093dae9928a814004714e7 | Houston | When World War II started, tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however, the war did provide economic benefits for the city. Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products... | When was the Brown Shipbuilding Company founded? | When was the Brown Shipbuilding Company founded? | [
"When was the Brown Shipbuilding Company founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1942"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96373 | 5728fbba3f37b31900477efd | Paris | The movie industry was born in Paris when Auguste and Louis Lumière projected the first motion picture for a paying audience at the Grand Café on 28 December 1895. Many of Paris' concert/dance halls were transformed into movie theatres when the media became popular beginning in the 1930s. Later, most of the largest cin... | Where was the first movie projected for a paying audience in Paris? | Where was the first movie projected for a paying audience in Paris? | [
"Where was the first movie projected for a paying audience in Paris?"
] | {
"text": [
"Grand Café"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18669 | 5726f0b3f1498d1400e8f089 | Nigeria | Among Christians, the Pew Research survey found that 74% were Protestant, 25% were Catholic, and 1% belonged to other Christian denominations, including a small Orthodox Christian community. In terms of Nigeria's major ethnic groups, the Hausa ethnic group (predominant in the north) was found to be 95% Muslim and 5% Ch... | Which Nigerian tribe is 95% Muslim? | Which Nigerian tribe is 95% Muslim? | [
"Which Nigerian tribe is 95% Muslim?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hausa"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57305 | 572ffa8cb2c2fd14005686ae | Muslim_world | Muslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from cir... | Ibn al-Haytham wrote about his work around the year 1000, what was it? | Ibn al-Haytham wrote about his work around the year 1000, what was it? | [
"Ibn al-Haytham wrote about his work around the year 1000, what was it?"
] | {
"text": [
"Book of Optics"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17266 | 570e437d0dc6ce1900204eeb | Uranium | The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium ... | Who discovered uranium? | Who discovered uranium? | [
"Who discovered uranium?"
] | {
"text": [
"Martin Heinrich Klaproth"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49431 | 5a87418c1d3cee001a6a114c | Tuberculosis | A number of medications are being studied for multi drug resistant tuberculosis including: bedaquiline and delamanid. Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012. The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are still uncertain, because they are based on the results of a relat... | What are the names of the multi-drug resistant strains of tuberculosis? | What are the names of the multi-drug resistant strains of tuberculosis? | [
"What are the names of the multi-drug resistant strains of tuberculosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70631 | 56dfed637aa994140058e27a | Pub | CAMRA maintains a "National Inventory" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs. The National Trust owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the George Inn, Southwark, London and The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Northern Ireland. | What part of the United Kingdom is Belfast located in? | What part of the United Kingdom is Belfast located in? | [
"What part of the United Kingdom is Belfast located in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Northern Ireland"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54115 | 5ad3e99d604f3c001a3ff69c | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop dep... | Who does the Secretary-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them? | Who does the Secretary-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them? | [
"Who does the Secretary-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1378 | 5a4eaf6baf0d07001ae8cbc7 | Airport | Most airports welcome filming on site, although it must be agreed in advance and may be subject to a fee. Landside, filming can take place in all public areas. However airside, filming is heavily restricted, the only airside locations where filming is permitted are the Departure Lounge and some outside areas. To film i... | What must all visitors do when there is filming in landside areas? | What must all visitors do when there is filming in landside areas? | [
"What must all visitors do when there is filming in landside areas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108425 | 5acd2e8e07355d001abf381e | Aspirated_consonant | There were aspirated stops at three places of articulation: labial, coronal, and velar /pʰ tʰ kʰ/. Earlier Greek, represented by Mycenaean Greek, likely had a labialized velar aspirated stop /kʷʰ/, which later became labial, coronal, or velar depending on dialect and phonetic environment. | The labialized velar unaspirated stop is represented by what? | The labialized velar unaspirated stop is represented by what? | [
"The labialized velar unaspirated stop is represented by what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96723 | 5a8ca27cfd22b3001a8d8c64 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkn... | What did Philo not intend to happen after someone read his writings? | What did Philo not intend to happen after someone read his writings? | [
"What did Philo not intend to happen after someone read his writings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35905 | 572706d9f1498d1400e8f26c | Comcast | Comcast has also earned a reputation for being anti-union. According to one of the company's training manuals, "Comcast does not feel union representation is in the best interest of its employees, customers, or shareholders". A dispute in 2004 with CWA, a labor union that represented many employees at Comcast's offices... | What was one anti-union thing that workers in Beaverton were required to do? | What was one anti-union thing that workers in Beaverton were required to do? | [
"What was one anti-union thing that workers in Beaverton were required to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"attend anti-union meetings"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97225 | 56cbedde6d243a140015edf5 | Frédéric_Chopin | Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completi... | How many piano concerts did Frédéric perform in Vienna during this time? | How many piano concerts did Frédéric perform in Vienna during this time? | [
"How many piano concerts did Frédéric perform in Vienna during this time?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17302 | 5ad149ab645df0001a2d158b | Uranium | In 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) and China (1.7%)... | What percentage of world uranium oxide production isn't produced by Argentina? | What percentage of world uranium oxide production isn't produced by Argentina? | [
"What percentage of world uranium oxide production isn't produced by Argentina?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39113 | 5731cc840fdd8d15006c6543 | Protestantism | The success of the Counter-Reformation on the Continent and the growth of a Puritan party dedicated to further Protestant reform polarised the Elizabethan Age. The early Puritan movement was a movement for reform in the Church of England. The desire was for the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant ... | What did the Puritans want the Church of England to emulate? | What did the Puritans want the Church of England to emulate? | [
"What did the Puritans want the Church of England to emulate?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Protestant churches of Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56422 | 5a45ae7c19a820001a1edaff | Nonprofit_organization | Instead of being defined by "non" words, some organizations are suggesting new, positive-sounding terminology to describe the sector. The term "civil society organization" (CSO) has been used by a growing number of organizations, such as the Center for the Study of Global Governance. The term "citizen sector organizati... | How do these non words describe business capabilities and limitations? | How do these non words describe business capabilities and limitations? | [
"How do these non words describe business capabilities and limitations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37818 | 572fc931947a6a140053ccb8 | Roman_Republic | In contrast, Roman expansion into Spain and Gaul occurred as a mix of alliance-seeking and military occupation. In the 2nd century BC, Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking, but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome. According to Polybius, who sought to trace ho... | What effect did the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt have on nearby areas? | What effect did the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt have on nearby areas? | [
"What effect did the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt have on nearby areas?"
] | {
"text": [
"destabilisation"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69430 | 5ad41e87604f3c001a400641 | Houston | During the summer months, it is common for temperatures to reach over 90 °F (32 °C), with an average of 106.5 days per year, including a majority from June to September, with a high of 90 °F or above and 4.6 days at or over 100 °F (38 °C). However, humidity usually yields a higher heat index. Summer mornings average ov... | How many days per year are Houston temperatures over 10 degrees? | How many days per year are Houston temperatures over 10 degrees? | [
"How many days per year are Houston temperatures over 10 degrees?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51599 | 57068cda75f01819005e7bf6 | New_Delhi | In 2010, Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15–25 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International. The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers categ... | In 2015, the Airports Council International gave what award to Indira Gandhi International Airport? | In 2015, the Airports Council International gave what award to Indira Gandhi International Airport? | [
"In 2015, the Airports Council International gave what award to Indira Gandhi International Airport?"
] | {
"text": [
"Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44252 | 5731e1b0e99e3014001e63a7 | Bras%C3%ADlia | Brasília has also been the focus of modern-day literature. Published in 2008, The World In Grey: Dom Bosco's Prophecy, by author Ryan J. Lucero, tells an apocalypticle story based on the famous prophecy from the late 19th century by the Italian saint Don Bosco. According to Don Bosco's prophecy: "Between parallels 15 a... | Who is Brasilia's patron saint? | Who is Brasilia's patron saint? | [
"Who is Brasilia's patron saint?"
] | {
"text": [
"Don Bosco"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81932 | 572aa0a1be1ee31400cb80d6 | Royal_assent | While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions. In the United States Declaration of Independence, colonists complained that George III "has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholes... | Who continued to advise governors-general of granting of assent, even after their colonies had responsible government? | Who continued to advise governors-general of granting of assent, even after their colonies had responsible government? | [
"Who continued to advise governors-general of granting of assent, even after their colonies had responsible government?"
] | {
"text": [
"the British government"
],
"answer_start": [
724
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55874 | 5a0cfe3af5590b0018dab6fb | Clothing | Though mechanization transformed most aspects of human industry by the mid-20th century, garment workers have continued to labor under challenging conditions that demand repetitive manual labor. Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of be... | What requires varied manual labor? | What requires varied manual labor? | [
"What requires varied manual labor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93078 | 5aceec8532bba1001ae4b933 | Tajikistan | Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school has been officially recognized by the government since 2009. Tajikistan considers itself a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion. The Government has declared two Islamic holidays, Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon, as state holidays. According to a U.S. State Depar... | Very few Muslims fast during what? | Very few Muslims fast during what? | [
"Very few Muslims fast during what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112175 | 57290b1c6aef0514001549ef | Race_(human_categorization) | Often taxonomists prefer to use phylogenetic analysis to determine whether a population can be considered a subspecies. Phylogenetic analysis relies on the concept of derived characteristics that are not shared between groups, usually applying to populations that are allopatric (geographically separated) and therefore ... | What is a tongue twister of a word that merely means "cleanly divided"? | What is a tongue twister of a word that merely means "cleanly divided"? | [
"What is a tongue twister of a word that merely means \"cleanly divided\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"monophyletic"
],
"answer_start": [
594
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42713 | 57103069a58dae1900cd6949 | Sexual_orientation | Known as the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect, this theory has been backed up by strong evidence of its prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism. However, research suggests that this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immune reaction against a subst... | What does this theory entail? | What does this theory entail? | [
"What does this theory entail?"
] | {
"text": [
"prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20606 | 56cfb353234ae51400d9be9a | IPod | Some independent stereo manufacturers including JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon also have iPod-specific integration solutions. Alternative connection methods include adapter kits (that use the cassette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and FM transmitters such as the iTrip—although... | What audio integration feature has become standard on many car models? | What audio integration feature has become standard on many car models? | [
"What audio integration feature has become standard on many car models?"
] | {
"text": [
"audio input jacks"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30132 | 5acd521e07355d001abf3d2e | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh is home to numerous cultural, educational, and historic sites. The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts in Downtown Raleigh features three theater venues and serves as the home for the North Carolina Symphony and the Carolina Ballet. Walnut Creek Amphitheatre is a large music amphitheater located in South... | What's the name of the smallest amphitheater in Raleigh? | What's the name of the smallest amphitheater in Raleigh? | [
"What's the name of the smallest amphitheater in Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77902 | 5727f7313acd2414000df105 | Strasbourg | Strasbourg's status as a free city was revoked by the French Revolution. Enragés, most notoriously Eulogius Schneider, ruled the city with an increasingly iron hand. During this time, many churches and monasteries were either destroyed or severely damaged. The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by c... | What did the cathedrals lose in April 1794? | What did the cathedrals lose in April 1794? | [
"What did the cathedrals lose in April 1794?"
] | {
"text": [
"statues"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63386 | 572611a9271a42140099d42b | Buckingham_Palace | Remodelling of the structure began in 1762. After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. Some fu... | What year did remodeling of Buckingham House begin? | What year did remodeling of Buckingham House begin? | [
"What year did remodeling of Buckingham House begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"1762"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3150 | 5a593aad3e1742001a15d033 | Genome | Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. A genome map is less detailed than a genome sequence and aids in navigating around the genome. The Human Genome Project was organized to map and to sequence the human genome. A fundamental step in the project... | What does a Genoscope help a scientist do? | What does a Genoscope help a scientist do? | [
"What does a Genoscope help a scientist do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57222 | 5a540f0bbdaabd001a38682a | Muslim_world | Between the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra, dating... | What ceramic glazing was adopted by islamic potters? | What ceramic glazing was adopted by islamic potters? | [
"What ceramic glazing was adopted by islamic potters?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81204 | 5724f8890a492a1900435692 | Queen_Victoria | At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV). The Prince Regent and the Duke of York were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers... | When did George IV die? | When did George IV die? | [
"When did George IV die? "
] | {
"text": [
"1830"
],
"answer_start": [
693
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37072 | 5725ced8ec44d21400f3d5f1 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | The K-12 and higher education reform programs of the Gates Foundation have been criticized by some education professionals, parents, and researchers because they have driven the conversation on education reform to such an extent that they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy prefer... | Have the policies been criticized | Have the policies been criticized | [
"Have the policies been criticized "
] | {
"text": [
"but some studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have caused harm"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35531 | 5726cf16dd62a815002e90ec | Gothic_architecture | Secular Gothic architecture can also be found in a number of public buildings such as town halls, universities, markets or hospitals. The Gdańsk, Wrocław and Stralsund town halls are remarkable examples of northern Brick Gothic built in the late 14th centuries. The Belfry of Bruges or Brussels Town Hall, built during t... | What is an example of secular Northern Brick Gothic architecture from the 14th century? | What is an example of secular Northern Brick Gothic architecture from the 14th century? | [
"What is an example of secular Northern Brick Gothic architecture from the 14th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stralsund town halls"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41225 | 5731bee9e17f3d1400422388 | Egypt | Egypt has a developed energy market based on coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power. Substantial coal deposits in the northeast Sinai are mined at the rate of about 600,000 tonnes (590,000 long tons; 660,000 short tons) per year. Oil and gas are produced in the western desert regions, the Gulf of Suez, and the Nile De... | What efforts were made in 2013 to maintain sustainability? | What efforts were made in 2013 to maintain sustainability? | [
"What efforts were made in 2013 to maintain sustainability?"
] | {
"text": [
"cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66078 | 5a6513c9c2b11c001a425be5 | ASCII | When a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, "transmit on") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operating systems as a... | What is impending overflow replaced by on some systems? | What is impending overflow replaced by on some systems? | [
"What is impending overflow replaced by on some systems?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104436 | 5ad230fcd7d075001a4286f8 | Mandolin | The mandolin's popularity in the United States was spurred by the success of a group of touring young European musicians known as the Estudiantina Figaro, or in the United States, simply the "Spanish Students." The group landed in the U.S. on January 2, 1880 in New York City, and played in Boston and New York to wildly... | What group in the UK was popular? | What group in the UK was popular? | [
"What group in the UK was popular?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96002 | 5a1e14bf3de3f40018b264a2 | Hokkien | The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon. The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Nor... | During the Tang Dynasty, in what year did the earliest stratum appear? | During the Tang Dynasty, in what year did the earliest stratum appear? | [
"During the Tang Dynasty, in what year did the earliest stratum appear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6956 | 57313ab1e6313a140071cd47 | Red | Matisse was also one of the first 20th-century artists to make color the central element of the painting, chosen to evoke emotions. "A certain blue penetrates your soul", he wrote. "A certain red affects your blood pressure." He also was familiar with the way that complementary colors, such as red and green, strengthen... | Placing red and green next to each other causes their color to be what? | Placing red and green next to each other causes their color to be what? | [
"Placing red and green next to each other causes their color to be what?"
] | {
"text": [
"strengthened"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113691 | 572f570b04bcaa1900d7685e | Central_Intelligence_Agency | Lawrence Houston, head counsel of the SSU, CIG, and, later CIA, was a principle draftsman of the National Security Act of 1947 which dissolved the NIA and the CIG, and established both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1949, Houston would help draft the Central Intelligence Agency Ac... | What program handled "essential aliens" that did not fall under normal immigration policies? | What program handled "essential aliens" that did not fall under normal immigration policies? | [
"What program handled \"essential aliens\" that did not fall under normal immigration policies?"
] | {
"text": [
"PL-110"
],
"answer_start": [
663
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70710 | 56dff532231d4119001abf04 | Pub | In Ireland, pubs are known for their atmosphere or "craic". In Irish, a pub is referred to as teach tábhairne ("tavernhouse") or teach óil ("drinkinghouse"). Live music, either sessions of traditional Irish music or varieties of modern popular music, is frequently featured in the pubs of Ireland. Pubs in Northern Irela... | Vis-à-vis pubs in Ireland, what feature do pubs in Northern Ireland lack? | Vis-à-vis pubs in Ireland, what feature do pubs in Northern Ireland lack? | [
"Vis-à-vis pubs in Ireland, what feature do pubs in Northern Ireland lack?"
] | {
"text": [
"spirit grocers"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78401 | 5ad27a8bd7d075001a429606 | Greeks | The evolution of Proto-Greek should be considered within the context of an early Paleo-Balkan sprachbund that makes it difficult to delineate exact boundaries between individual languages. The characteristically Greek representation of word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels is shared, for one, by the Armenian lang... | How much evidence of the link between the languages is not currently available ? | How much evidence of the link between the languages is not currently available ? | [
"How much evidence of the link between the languages is not currently available ?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18794 | 5ad0c009645df0001a2d01b5 | Premier_League | However, by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse; England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals. UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990 (resulting in Manchester United lif... | Which ban was lifted in 1991? | Which ban was lifted in 1991? | [
"Which ban was lifted in 1991?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32919 | 5a32f0a0bd0d7f001aef9522 | Central_African_Republic | In 2006, due to ongoing violence, over 50,000 people in the country's northwest were at risk of starvation but this was averted due to assistance from the United Nations.[citation needed] On 8 January 2008, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon declared that the Central African Republic was eligible to receive assistanc... | How many people were saved from conflict? | How many people were saved from conflict? | [
"How many people were saved from conflict?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74793 | 570e70c30b85d914000d7f01 | Melbourne | Melbourne is often referred to as Australia's garden city, and the state of Victoria was once known as the garden state. There is an abundance of parks and gardens in Melbourne, many close to the CBD with a variety of common and rare plant species amid landscaped vistas, pedestrian pathways and tree-lined avenues. Melb... | Why is urban Melbourne divided into hundreds of suburbs? | Why is urban Melbourne divided into hundreds of suburbs? | [
"Why is urban Melbourne divided into hundreds of suburbs?"
] | {
"text": [
"addressing and postal purposes"
],
"answer_start": [
696
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30698 | 57265e0bf1498d1400e8dd65 | Mexico_City | During this era of Porfirian rule, the city underwent an extensive modernization. Many Spanish Colonial style buildings were destroyed, replaced by new much larger Porfirian institutions and many outlying rural zones were transformed into urban or industrialized districts with most having electrical, gas and sewage uti... | What famous street was built during this period of modernization? | What famous street was built during this period of modernization? | [
"What famous street was built during this period of modernization?"
] | {
"text": [
"Reforma Avenue"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48756 | 5a8604abb4e223001a8e73a5 | War_on_Terror | Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirle... | What does Shirley Williams call terrorism instead of an enemy? | What does Shirley Williams call terrorism instead of an enemy? | [
"What does Shirley Williams call terrorism instead of an enemy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16119 | 57316bfea5e9cc1400cdbf3d | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was kno... | Other than Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, what was Gaddafi's father called? | Other than Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, what was Gaddafi's father called? | [
"Other than Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, what was Gaddafi's father called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abu Meniar"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84717 | 573021e1947a6a140053d160 | San_Diego | Many popular museums, such as the San Diego Museum of Art, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the San Diego Museum of Man, the Museum of Photographic Arts, and the San Diego Air & Space Museum are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the San Diego Zoo. The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD... | What museum has a branch at the Santa Fe Depot? | What museum has a branch at the Santa Fe Depot? | [
"What museum has a branch at the Santa Fe Depot?"
] | {
"text": [
"Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD)"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5440 | 572a303f3f37b31900478797 | Digimon | The series is set three years after the events of Digimon Adventure 02, when Digimon who turn rogue by a mysterious infection appear to wreak havoc in the Human World. Tai and the other DigiDestined from the original series reunite with their partners and start fighting back with support from the Japanese government, w... | How soon after did another series start after the Digimon Adventure 02? | How soon after did another series start after the Digimon Adventure 02? | [
"How soon after did another series start after the Digimon Adventure 02?"
] | {
"text": [
"three years"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23285 | 5ad14079645df0001a2d13c2 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Pro... | How was the state allowed to support a Professorship of Divinity? | How was the state allowed to support a Professorship of Divinity? | [
"How was the state allowed to support a Professorship of Divinity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17869 | 56cf5d43aab44d1400b89136 | Spectre_(2015_film) | In China, it opened on 12 November and earned $15 million on its opening day, which is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film behind the $18.5 million opening day of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation and occupying 43% of all available screens which included $790,000 in advance night screenings. Th... | Spectre came in second in opening day gross in China behind what movie? | Spectre came in second in opening day gross in China behind what movie? | [
"Spectre came in second in opening day gross in China behind what movie?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97146 | 56cbdfbf6d243a140015edb6 | Frédéric_Chopin | In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University). Fryderyk and his family moved to a building, which still survives, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace. During this period, F... | In what year was the Saxon Palace taken by the Russian governor for use regarding the military? | In what year was the Saxon Palace taken by the Russian governor for use regarding the military? | [
"In what year was the Saxon Palace taken by the Russian governor for use regarding the military?"
] | {
"text": [
"1817"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111091 | 5a81f51431013a001a334fda | Group_(mathematics) | Exchanging "+" and "−" in the expression, i.e. permuting the two solutions of the equation can be viewed as a (very simple) group operation. Similar formulae are known for cubic and quartic equations, but do not exist in general for degree 5 and higher. Abstract properties of Galois groups associated with polynomials (... | What give criterion for abstract properties? | What give criterion for abstract properties? | [
"What give criterion for abstract properties?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28583 | 572e82e403f98919007566ed | Canadian_football | Amateur football is governed by Football Canada. At the university level, 26 teams play in four conferences under the auspices of Canadian Interuniversity Sport; the CIS champion is awarded the Vanier Cup. Junior football is played by many after high school before joining the university ranks. There are 20 junior teams... | Which organization oversees amateur Canadian football? | Which organization oversees amateur Canadian football? | [
"Which organization oversees amateur Canadian football?"
] | {
"text": [
"Football Canada"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30863 | 572690d45951b619008f76d1 | Mexico_City | The most recognizable icon of Mexico City is the golden Angel of Independence on the wide, elegant avenue Paseo de la Reforma, modeled by the order of the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico after the Champs-Élysées in Paris. This avenue was designed over the Americas' oldest known major roadway in the 19th century to connect... | What is the name of the longest avenue in Mexico City? | What is the name of the longest avenue in Mexico City? | [
"What is the name of the longest avenue in Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"Avenida de los Insurgentes"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10788 | 56fdea41761e401900d28c4b | Computer | The next great advance in computing power came with the advent of the integrated circuit. The idea of the integrated circuit was first conceived by a radar scientist working for the Royal Radar Establishment of the Ministry of Defence, Geoffrey W.A. Dummer. Dummer presented the first public description of an integrated... | The integrated circuit of a computer was the idea of whom? | The integrated circuit of a computer was the idea of whom? | [
"The integrated circuit of a computer was the idea of whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Geoffrey W.A. Dummer"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8805 | 5ace081c32bba1001ae499cb | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor... | During what period was there an attempted coup in Kiev? | During what period was there an attempted coup in Kiev? | [
"During what period was there an attempted coup in Kiev?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58086 | 572745d8f1498d1400e8f590 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | The National Conference of State Legislatures held in Washington D.C. stated in a 2014 overview that many supporters for affirmative action argue that policies stemming from affirmative action help to open doors for historically excluded groups in workplace settings and higher education. Workplace diversity has become ... | Where was the National Conference of State Legislatures held in 2014? | Where was the National Conference of State Legislatures held in 2014? | [
"Where was the National Conference of State Legislatures held in 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"Washington D.C."
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51689 | 5706a71675f01819005e7cdd | New_Delhi | The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games. New Delhi was interested in bidding for the 2019 Asian Games but was turned down by the government on 2 August 2010 amid allegations of corruption ... | New Delhi first hosted the Asian Games in what year? | New Delhi first hosted the Asian Games in what year? | [
"New Delhi first hosted the Asian Games in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1951"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77432 | 573242f1b9d445190005e93b | Armenians | The first Armenian churches were built between the 4th and 7th century, beginning when Armenia converted to Christianity, and ending with the Arab invasion of Armenia. The early churches were mostly simple basilicas, but some with side apses. By the fifth century the typical cupola cone in the center had become widely ... | When were early Armenian Christian churches built? | When were early Armenian Christian churches built? | [
"When were early Armenian Christian churches built?"
] | {
"text": [
"between the 4th and 7th century"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35299 | 5ad0c9d5645df0001a2d035d | Gothic_architecture | From the 10th to the 13th century, Romanesque architecture had become a pan-European style and manner of construction, affecting buildings in countries as far apart as Ireland, Croatia, Sweden and Sicily. The same wide geographic area was then affected by the development of Gothic architecture, but the acceptance of th... | Which period did regional similarities in Romanesque architecture become even more pronounced? | Which period did regional similarities in Romanesque architecture become even more pronounced? | [
"Which period did regional similarities in Romanesque architecture become even more pronounced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60815 | 570b1e506b8089140040f732 | Gregorian_calendar | Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the... | What calendar did Turkey use before 1917 for general purposes? | What calendar did Turkey use before 1917 for general purposes? | [
"What calendar did Turkey use before 1917 for general purposes?"
] | {
"text": [
"lunar Islamic"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9556 | 5725c35f38643c19005acc88 | Montevideo | In 1860, Montevideo had 57,913 inhabitants including a number of people of African origin who had been brought as slaves and had gained their freedom around the middle of the century. By 1880, the population had quadrupled, mainly because of the great European immigration. In 1908, its population had grown massively to... | What had the population grown to in 1908? | What had the population grown to in 1908? | [
"What had the population grown to in 1908?"
] | {
"text": [
"309,331 inhabitants"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9988 | 572821f44b864d1900164524 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Relations between Nasser and Qasim grew increasingly bitter on 9 March, after Qasim's forces suppressed a rebellion in Mosul, launched a day earlier by a pro-Nasser Iraqi RCC officer backed by UAR authorities. Nasser had considered dispatching troops to aid his Iraqi sympathizers, but decided against it. He clamped dow... | What Iraqi leader clashed with Nasser? | What Iraqi leader clashed with Nasser? | [
"What Iraqi leader clashed with Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"Qasim"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89379 | 5731200be6313a140071cc5b | Great_power | Another important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers. This "subset" of great powers – France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States – consider maintaining a "state of peace" as desirabl... | What great powers have maintained peace? | What great powers have maintained peace? | [
"What great powers have maintained peace?"
] | {
"text": [
"France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31156 | 570979bfed30961900e841c3 | Identity_(social_science) | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit? | What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit? | [
"What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity moratorium"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39802 | 57275811dd62a815002e9b68 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the o... | What specific service sector has substantially increased in downtown New Haven in recent years? | What specific service sector has substantially increased in downtown New Haven in recent years? | [
"What specific service sector has substantially increased in downtown New Haven in recent years?"
] | {
"text": [
"retail"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29261 | 571d2ccfdd7acb1400e4c23c | Pharmaceutical_industry | The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best-selling drug worldwide at $10.7 billion in sales. The second and third best selling were Enbrel and Remicade, respectively. The top three best-selling drugs in the United States in 2013 were Abil... | How much money did the top ten bestselling drugs make in 2013? | How much money did the top ten bestselling drugs make in 2013? | [
"How much money did the top ten bestselling drugs make in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"$75.6 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27761 | 5729e73c6aef0514001550eb | Energy | These developments led to the theory of conservation of energy, formalized largely by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) as the field of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics aided the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes by Rudolf Clausius, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Walther Nernst. It also led to a mathematical... | What states that the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time? | What states that the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time? | [
"What states that the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time?"
] | {
"text": [
"Noether's theorem"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18545 | 5726db26f1498d1400e8ed56 | Nigeria | After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992. Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993, with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola. Babangida annulled the elections, leading to mass civilian violent protests which effectively s... | To when did Babangida delay the return to democracy? | To when did Babangida delay the return to democracy? | [
"To when did Babangida delay the return to democracy?"
] | {
"text": [
"1992"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10750 | 56fde2cb761e401900d28c32 | Computer | Purely electronic circuit elements soon replaced their mechanical and electromechanical equivalents, at the same time that digital calculation replaced analog. The engineer Tommy Flowers, working at the Post Office Research Station in London in the 1930s, began to explore the possible use of electronics for the telepho... | How many vacuum tubes did the Atanasoff-Berry computer use? | How many vacuum tubes did the Atanasoff-Berry computer use? | [
"How many vacuum tubes did the Atanasoff-Berry computer use?"
] | {
"text": [
"about 300"
],
"answer_start": [
786
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33733 | 5a67af54f038b7001ab0c428 | Film_speed | Some high-speed black-and-white films, such as Ilford Delta 3200 and Kodak T-MAX P3200, are marketed with film speeds in excess of their true ISO speed as determined using the ISO testing method. For example, the Ilford product is actually an ISO 1000 film, according to its data sheet. The manufacturers do not indicate... | What is the true speed of the Kodak T-MAX P3200 according to the data sheet? | What is the true speed of the Kodak T-MAX P3200 according to the data sheet? | [
"What is the true speed of the Kodak T-MAX P3200 according to the data sheet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94174 | 5a7e522270df9f001a875713 | Cork_(city) | The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has a number of diale... | What makes other languages easier to understand? | What makes other languages easier to understand? | [
"What makes other languages easier to understand?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110079 | 5710218bb654c5140001f827 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tab... | What institution does James Liebman work for? | What institution does James Liebman work for? | [
"What institution does James Liebman work for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Columbia Law School"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64202 | 5ace8d3932bba1001ae4aa17 | Annelid | In 2007 Torsten Struck and colleagues compared 3 genes in 81 taxa, of which 9 were outgroups, in other words not considered closely related to annelids but included to give an indication of where the organisms under study are placed on the larger tree of life. For a cross-check the study used an analysis of 11 genes (i... | Who compared annelid genes in 1807? | Who compared annelid genes in 1807? | [
"Who compared annelid genes in 1807?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44772 | 56f8b7f99e9bad19000a0396 | Gene | Early work in molecular genetics suggested the model that one gene makes one protein. This model has been refined since the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins by alternative splicing and coding sequences split in short section across the genome whose mRNAs are concatenated by trans-splicing. | How are alternative splicing and coding sequences distributed? | How are alternative splicing and coding sequences distributed? | [
"How are alternative splicing and coding sequences distributed?"
] | {
"text": [
"split in short section across the genome"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61167 | 5732bba1d6dcfa19001e8a93 | Police | Perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is: in whose interest is it? At a more practical level, the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable (Sheptycki, 2004). For example, according to the Global Accou... | Why is transnational policing so unaccountable? | Why is transnational policing so unaccountable? | [
"Why is transnational policing so unaccountable?"
] | {
"text": [
"this is a secretive area and one not open to civil society involvement"
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22264 | 5a7b99a521c2de001afea19d | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | NARA also maintains the Presidential Library system, a nationwide network of libraries for preserving and making available the documents of U.S. presidents since Herbert Hoover. The Presidential Libraries include: | What is the system that Herbert Hoover founded? | What is the system that Herbert Hoover founded? | [
"What is the system that Herbert Hoover founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-396 | 56f95ca49e9bad19000a088c | Marshall_Islands | The battle in the Marshall Islands caused irreparable damage, especially on Japanese bases. During the American bombing, the islands' population suffered from lack of food and various injuries. U.S. attacks started in mid-1943, and caused half the Japanese garrison of 5,100 people in the atoll Mili to die from hunger b... | How large was the Japanese garrison on Mili? | How large was the Japanese garrison on Mili? | [
"How large was the Japanese garrison on Mili?"
] | {
"text": [
"5,100"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65214 | 5726c2625951b619008f7d71 | Crimean_War | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal broug... | For 200 years, Russia been expanding across what area? | For 200 years, Russia been expanding across what area? | [
"For 200 years, Russia been expanding across what area?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wild Fields"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89069 | 5acd50b607355d001abf3cea | Hunter-gatherer | Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men. | Women are not at all influential and powerful in what culture? | Women are not at all influential and powerful in what culture? | [
"Women are not at all influential and powerful in what culture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23637 | 5acf9b5f77cf76001a68545f | Federalism | Whilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland. Tensions between t... | What countries did the federalist model succeed in? | What countries did the federalist model succeed in? | [
"What countries did the federalist model succeed in? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80110 | 5a6264dff8d794001af1bfa7 | Samoa | The capital village of each district administers and coordinates the affairs of the district and confers each district's paramount title, amongst other responsibilities. For example, the District of A'ana has its capital at Leulumoega. The paramount title of A'ana is the TuiA'ana. The orator group which confers this ti... | What is the word for Afega according to the orator group? | What is the word for Afega according to the orator group? | [
"What is the word for Afega according to the orator group?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94167 | 5727b636ff5b5019007d932d | Cork_(city) | The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has a number of diale... | What is the pronunciation of the Irish "r" called? | What is the pronunciation of the Irish "r" called? | [
"What is the pronunciation of the Irish \"r\" called?"
] | {
"text": [
"rhoticity"
],
"answer_start": [
589
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46763 | 5ad0c922645df0001a2d0349 | Department_store | In 1849, Horne's began operations and soon became a leading Pittsburgh department store. In 1879, it opened a seven-story landmark which was the first department store in the city's downtown. In 1972, Associated Dry Goods acquired Horne's, and ADG expanded operations of Horne's to several stores in suburban malls throu... | What company purchased Horne's in 1927? | What company purchased Horne's in 1927? | [
"What company purchased Horne's in 1927?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14392 | 572f6c2304bcaa1900d76917 | Han_dynasty | Women were expected to obey the will of their father, then their husband, and then their adult son in old age. However, it is known from contemporary sources that there were many deviations to this rule, especially in regard to mothers over their sons, and empresses who ordered around and openly humiliated their father... | Which gender was exempt from performing the yearly corvee labor duties? | Which gender was exempt from performing the yearly corvee labor duties? | [
"Which gender was exempt from performing the yearly corvee labor duties?"
] | {
"text": [
"Women"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33593 | 5a67758df038b7001ab0c24c | Film_speed | The Warnerke Standard Sensitometer consisted of a frame holding an opaque screen with an array of typically 25 numbered, gradually pigmented squares brought into contact with the photographic plate during a timed test exposure under a phosphorescent tablet excited before by the light of a burning Magnesium ribbon. The ... | Degrees Warneke represented the first what? | Degrees Warneke represented the first what? | [
"Degrees Warneke represented the first what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5903 | 57269018dd62a815002e89bf | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century thr... | Which conflicts brought Europeans into contact with Arabs prior to the 12th century? | Which conflicts brought Europeans into contact with Arabs prior to the 12th century? | [
"Which conflicts brought Europeans into contact with Arabs prior to the 12th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Crusades"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6987 | 5ad4e3ca5b96ef001a10a56b | Red | In modern color theory, also known as the RGB color model, red, green and blue are additive primary colors. Red, green and blue light combined together makes white light, and these three colors, combined in different mixtures, can produce nearly any other color. This is the principle that is used to make all of the col... | What colors are in the RBG model? | What colors are in the RBG model? | [
"What colors are in the RBG model?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84406 | 5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9bf | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Many political scientists believe that separation of powers is a decisive factor in what they see as a limited degree of American exceptionalism. In particular, John W. Kingdon made this argument, claiming that separation of powers contributed to the development of a unique political structure in the United States. He ... | What do many political scientists attribute the large number of active interest groups in the US to? | What do many political scientists attribute the large number of active interest groups in the US to? | [
"What do many political scientists attribute the large number of active interest groups in the US to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50240 | 572e8d3edfa6aa1500f8d10e | Neptune | Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613, contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune. On both occasions, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared clo... | What date was Neptune drawn first? | What date was Neptune drawn first? | [
"What date was Neptune drawn first? "
] | {
"text": [
"28 December 1612"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4836 | 5a74e30342eae6001a389b0d | Green | For the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris, was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was t... | Who ruled the ancient Egyptians? | Who ruled the ancient Egyptians? | [
"Who ruled the ancient Egyptians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-248 | 56f9519a9e9bad19000a0825 | Marshall_Islands | The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ),[note 1] is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country... | What is the official name of the Marshall Islands? | What is the official name of the Marshall Islands? | [
"What is the official name of the Marshall Islands?"
] | {
"text": [
"Republic of the Marshall Islands"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55066 | 570a84444103511400d597f2 | Everton_F.C. | There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium. The original plan was for a new 60,000-seat stadium to be built, but in 2000 a proposal was submitted to build a 55,000 seat stadium as part of the King's Dock regeneration. This was unsuccessful as Everton failed to generate the £30 millio... | What team did Everton FC consider sharing grounds with around the year 2000? | What team did Everton FC consider sharing grounds with around the year 2000? | [
"What team did Everton FC consider sharing grounds with around the year 2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"Liverpool"
],
"answer_start": [
691
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34853 | 5a21c4ba8a6e4f001aa08eaa | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | What work did Sir Rober FIlmer write? | What work did Sir Rober FIlmer write? | [
"What work did Sir Rober FIlmer write?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108611 | 572c83e2f182dd1900d7c7d2 | Tennessee | In 2000, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were: American (17.3%), African American (13.0%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), and German (8.3%). Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. An estimated 21–24% of Tennesseans are of pre... | What was Tennessee's population in 1980? | What was Tennessee's population in 1980? | [
"What was Tennessee's population in 1980?"
] | {
"text": [
"3,221,354"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90100 | 5acf861a77cf76001a6850bc | Somerset | The county has several museums; those at Bath include the American Museum in Britain, the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, the Jane Austen Centre, and the Roman Baths. Other visitor attractions which reflect the cultural heritage of the county include: Claverton Pumping Station, Dunster Wo... | What is the largest museum in Somerset? | What is the largest museum in Somerset? | [
"What is the largest museum in Somerset?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110117 | 5ad3fec3604f3c001a3ffc62 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What was Clayton Lockett's crime? | What was Clayton Lockett's crime? | [
"What was Clayton Lockett's crime?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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