gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-93224 | 5ad190c3645df0001a2d1fa2 | Light-emitting_diode | The most common symptom of LED (and diode laser) failure is the gradual lowering of light output and loss of efficiency. Sudden failures, although rare, can also occur. Early red LEDs were notable for their short service life. With the development of high-power LEDs the devices are subjected to higher junction temperat... | What is a classification used in non-LED lighting to describe how much usefulness it will receive? | What is a classification used in non-LED lighting to describe how much usefulness it will receive? | [
" What is a classification used in non-LED lighting to describe how much usefulness it will receive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61204 | 5732c242d6dcfa19001e8aa4 | Police | Motorcycles are also commonly used, particularly in locations that a car may not be able to reach, to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where motorcycle police officers can quickly clear a path for escorted vehicles. Bicycle patrols are used in some... | What do police use to control motorcyclist events? | What do police use to control motorcyclist events? | [
"What do police use to control motorcyclist events?"
] | {
"text": [
"Motorcycles"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98524 | 572663b25951b619008f7141 | Marvel_Comics | Timely's first publication, Marvel Comics #1 (cover dated Oct. 1939), included the first appearance of Carl Burgos' android superhero the Human Torch, and the first appearances of Bill Everett's anti-hero Namor the Sub-Mariner, among other features. The issue was a great success, with it and a second printing the follo... | In what issue was Namor, The Sub-Mariner introduced? | In what issue was Namor, The Sub-Mariner introduced? | [
"In what issue was Namor, The Sub-Mariner introduced?"
] | {
"text": [
"Marvel Comics #1"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24464 | 56df9d3c4a1a83140091eb90 | Lighting | Many newer control systems are using wireless mesh open standards (such as ZigBee), which provides benefits including easier installation (no need to run control wires) and interoperability with other standards-based building control systems (e.g. security). | What type of standard do newer control systems use? | What type of standard do newer control systems use? | [
"What type of standard do newer control systems use? "
] | {
"text": [
"wireless mesh open standards"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31429 | 572954806aef051400154cff | Germans | The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discov... | Where is the Walhalla temple located? | Where is the Walhalla temple located? | [
"Where is the Walhalla temple located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bavaria"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19940 | 5731ac2fe17f3d14004222e5 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Genetic studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Amerindians and some Siberian and Central Asian peoples also revealed that the gene pool of the Turkic-speaking peoples of Siberia such as Altaians, Khakas, Shors and Soyots, living between the Altai and Lake Baikal along the Sayan mountains, are genetically closest to Am... | What DNA analysis indicated the common ancestry of the Native Americans? | What DNA analysis indicated the common ancestry of the Native Americans? | [
"What DNA analysis indicated the common ancestry of the Native Americans?"
] | {
"text": [
"mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40636 | 5ad691e4191832001aa7b254 | Paper | Conventional bleaching of wood pulp using elemental chlorine produces and releases into the environment large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorinated dioxins. Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organ... | What agency nationally regulates dioxins? | What agency nationally regulates dioxins? | [
" What agency nationally regulates dioxins?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99260 | 57304372a23a5019007fd020 | 51st_state | The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald have published opinion pieces expressing support for the statehood of Puerto Rico. On November 8, 2012, Washington, D.C. newspaper The Hill published an article saying that Congress will likely ignore the results of the referendum due to the circumstances be... | What newspaper suggested that Congress would ignore Puerto Rico's referendum? | What newspaper suggested that Congress would ignore Puerto Rico's referendum? | [
"What newspaper suggested that Congress would ignore Puerto Rico's referendum?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Hill"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108734 | 5a7a34d717ab25001a8a03a3 | Literature | The value judgement definition of literature considers it to exclusively include writing that possesses high quality or distinction, forming part of the so-called belles-lettres ('fine writing') tradition. This is the definition used in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–11) when it classifies literatur... | How does the Encyclopedia Britannia Tenth Edition classify literature? | How does the Encyclopedia Britannia Tenth Edition classify literature? | [
"How does the Encyclopedia Britannia Tenth Edition classify literature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99447 | 5a8a4c4d3b2508001a72aa0a | 51st_state | The Party of Reconstruction in Sicily, which claimed 40,000 members in 1944, campaigned for Sicily to be admitted as a U.S. state. This party was one of several Sicilian separatist movements active after the downfall of Italian Fascism. Sicilians felt neglected or underrepresented by the Italian government after the an... | What did the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies campaign for? | What did the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies campaign for? | [
"What did the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies campaign for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116258 | 573402084776f419006616ba | Punjab,_Pakistan | Despite the lack of a coastline, Punjab is the most industrialised province of Pakistan; its manufacturing industries produce textiles, sports goods, heavy machinery, electrical appliances, surgical instruments, vehicles, auto parts, metals, sugar mill plants, aircraft, cement, agricultural machinery, bicycles and rick... | What medical product does Punjab manufacture? | What medical product does Punjab manufacture? | [
"What medical product does Punjab manufacture?"
] | {
"text": [
"surgical instruments"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6230 | 5ad02daf77cf76001a686d00 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, reli... | What wasn't banned that led to the demise of medieval drama? | What wasn't banned that led to the demise of medieval drama? | [
"What wasn't banned that led to the demise of medieval drama?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29832 | 5ad14863645df0001a2d1551 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | The hagiography of Mary and the Holy Family can be contrasted with other material in the Gospels. These references include an incident which can be interpreted as Jesus rejecting his family in the New Testament: "And his mother and his brothers arrived, and standing outside, they sent in a message asking for him ... An... | Who did Jesus send a message to while he was standing outside? | Who did Jesus send a message to while he was standing outside? | [
"Who did Jesus send a message to while he was standing outside?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65599 | 5727d7992ca10214002d97d2 | Detroit | Detroit remains one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States. From the 1940s to the 1970s a second wave of Blacks moved to Detroit to escape Jim Crow laws in the south and find jobs. However, they soon found themselves excluded from white areas of the city—through violence, laws, and economic discrim... | Why did Blacks move to Detroit in the middle if the 20th century? | Why did Blacks move to Detroit in the middle if the 20th century? | [
"Why did Blacks move to Detroit in the middle if the 20th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jim Crow"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25 | 56f8a93c9b226e1400dd0d85 | Guinea-Bissau | Early reports of Europeans reaching this area include those of the Venetian Alvise Cadamosto's voyage of 1455, the 1479–1480 voyage by Flemish-French trader Eustache de la Fosse, and Diogo Cão. In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern A... | When was Alvise Cadamosto's voyage? | When was Alvise Cadamosto's voyage? | [
"When was Alvise Cadamosto's voyage?"
] | {
"text": [
"1455"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32161 | 5728fc61af94a219006a9ed4 | Myanmar | The Bamar form an estimated 68% of the population. 10% of the population are Shan. The Kayin make up 7% of the population. The Rakhine people constitute 4% of the population. Overseas Chinese form approximately 3% of the population. Myanmar's ethnic minority groups prefer the term "ethnic nationality" over "ethnic mino... | What does the term Burmanisation make people feel ? | What does the term Burmanisation make people feel ? | [
"What does the term Burmanisation make people feel ?"
] | {
"text": [
"the proliferation and domination of the dominant Bamar culture over minority cultures."
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55064 | 570a84444103511400d597f0 | Everton_F.C. | There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium. The original plan was for a new 60,000-seat stadium to be built, but in 2000 a proposal was submitted to build a 55,000 seat stadium as part of the King's Dock regeneration. This was unsuccessful as Everton failed to generate the £30 millio... | In what year did the Liverpool city council reject Everton FC's new stadium proposal? | In what year did the Liverpool city council reject Everton FC's new stadium proposal? | [
"In what year did the Liverpool city council reject Everton FC's new stadium proposal?"
] | {
"text": [
"2003"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43585 | 5726d76a708984140094d31a | Korean_War | On 25 November at the Korean western front, the PVA 13th Army Group attacked and overran the ROK II Corps at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, and then decimated the US 2nd Infantry Division on the UN forces' right flank. The UN Command retreated; the U.S. Eighth Army's retreat (the longest in US Army history) was m... | Whose actions helped the Eighth Army be able to retreat? | Whose actions helped the Eighth Army be able to retreat? | [
"Whose actions helped the Eighth Army be able to retreat?"
] | {
"text": [
"Turkish Brigade"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89161 | 56dfba0f231d4119001abd21 | Hunter-gatherer | The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes di... | What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark? | What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark? | [
"What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark?"
] | {
"text": [
"transition"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30267 | 5acd5bb107355d001abf3eb8 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh receives an average of 6.0 inches (15.2 cm) of snow in winter. Freezing rain and sleet also occur most winters, and occasionally the area experiences a major damaging ice storm. On January 24–25, 2000, Raleigh received its greatest snowfall from a single storm – 20.3 inches (52 cm) – the Winter Storm of January... | What mountains are not in Raleigh? | What mountains are not in Raleigh? | [
"What mountains are not in Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100526 | 5a282887d1a287001a6d0a98 | Post-punk | Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s. Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its "conceptual... | What elements of punk rock did post-punk have in common? | What elements of punk rock did post-punk have in common? | [
"What elements of punk rock did post-punk have in common?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111289 | 5731c1cb0fdd8d15006c650b | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Religious law centered on the ritualised system of honours and sacrifice that brought divine blessings, according to the principle do ut des ("I give, that you might give"). Proper, respectful religio brought social harmony and prosperity. Religious neglect was a form of atheism: impure sacrifice and incorrect ritual w... | On what kind of system was Roman religious law focused? | On what kind of system was Roman religious law focused? | [
"On what kind of system was Roman religious law focused?"
] | {
"text": [
"ritualised"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77090 | 56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a1f | United_Nations_Population_Fund | UNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly. | When did UNFPA begin its work? | When did UNFPA begin its work? | [
"When did UNFPA begin its work?"
] | {
"text": [
"1969"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26892 | 5a8cdf53fd22b3001a8d8f7e | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half d... | What was the name of the act introduced in the year 1800? | What was the name of the act introduced in the year 1800? | [
"What was the name of the act introduced in the year 1800?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22376 | 5709608ded30961900e84026 | Himachal_Pradesh | The state is well known for its handicrafts. The carpets, leather works, shawls, metalware, woodwork and paintings are worth appreciating. Pashmina shawls are a product that is highly in demand in Himachal and all over the country. Himachali caps are famous art work of the people. Extreme cold winters of Himachal neces... | What are Kangra and Dharamshala famous for? | What are Kangra and Dharamshala famous for? | [
"What are Kangra and Dharamshala famous for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kangra miniature paintings"
],
"answer_start": [
655
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37137 | 5727766cf1498d1400e8f8ce | Switzerland | By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the Lucerne, Zürich and Bern city states to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states that existed until the end of the 15th century. The expansion led to increased power and wealth for the federation. By 1460, the confederates contr... | What effect did the expansion of the three cantons into eight have on the status of the federation? | What effect did the expansion of the three cantons into eight have on the status of the federation? | [
"What effect did the expansion of the three cantons into eight have on the status of the federation?"
] | {
"text": [
"increased power and wealth"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52174 | 572a797834ae481900deab29 | Miami | During the mid-2000s, the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s. During this period, the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects in which 50 were actually built. In 2007, however, the housing market crashed causing lots of foreclosures on hous... | In what year did Forbes call Miami the country's most miserable city? | In what year did Forbes call Miami the country's most miserable city? | [
"In what year did Forbes call Miami the country's most miserable city?"
] | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104578 | 573263d4b9d445190005eadd | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on o... | What is the financial incentive when a home is worth less than the mortgage loan? | What is the financial incentive when a home is worth less than the mortgage loan? | [
"What is the financial incentive when a home is worth less than the mortgage loan?"
] | {
"text": [
"foreclosure"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74388 | 571b212d9499d21900609c27 | Asphalt | In 1838, there was a flurry of entrepreneurial activity involving asphalt/bitumen, which had uses beyond paving. For example, asphalt could also used for flooring, damp proofing in buildings, and for waterproofing of various types of pools and baths, with these latter themselves proliferating in the 19th century. On th... | In what year was asphalt used for uses aside from road paving? | In what year was asphalt used for uses aside from road paving? | [
"In what year was asphalt used for uses aside from road paving?"
] | {
"text": [
"1838"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39045 | 5731b919e17f3d1400422333 | Protestantism | Protestantism spread in Europe during the 16th century. Lutheranism spread from Germany into its surrounding areas,[c] Denmark,[d] Norway,[e] Sweden,[f] Finland,[g] Prussia,[h] Latvia,[i], Estonia,[j] and Iceland,[k] as well as other smaller territories. Reformed churches were founded primarily in Germany and its adjac... | Who made large contributions in the sciences in latter centuries? | Who made large contributions in the sciences in latter centuries? | [
"Who made large contributions in the sciences in latter centuries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Protestants"
],
"answer_start": [
1214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68453 | 5a36b52b95360f001af1b317 | George_VI | Throughout the war, the King and Queen provided morale-boosting visits throughout the United Kingdom, visiting bomb sites, munitions factories, and troops. The King visited military forces abroad in France in December 1939, North Africa and Malta in June 1943, Normandy in June 1944, southern Italy in July 1944, and the... | In what year was Sir Alan brooke made the Chief of the Imperial General Staff? | In what year was Sir Alan brooke made the Chief of the Imperial General Staff? | [
"In what year was Sir Alan brooke made the Chief of the Imperial General Staff?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66384 | 5726712af1498d1400e8dfbe | Brigham_Young_University | Dallin H. Oaks replaced Wilkinson as president in 1971. Oaks continued the expansion of his predecessor, adding a law school and proposing plans for a new School of Management. During his administration, a new library was also added, doubling the library space on campus. Jeffrey R. Holland followed as president in 1980... | Who was responsible for the BYU's first campus outside of the U.S.? | Who was responsible for the BYU's first campus outside of the U.S.? | [
"Who was responsible for the BYU's first campus outside of the U.S.?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jeffrey R. Holland"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30018 | 5a5524ab134fea001a0e1988 | CBC_Television | CBC Television stations can be received in many United States communities along the Canadian border over-the-air and have a significant audience in those areas. Such a phenomenon can also take place within Great Lakes communities such as Ashtabula, Ohio, which received programming from the CBC's London, Ontario, transm... | What location in the United States has the highest viewership of CBC programming? | What location in the United States has the highest viewership of CBC programming? | [
"What location in the United States has the highest viewership of CBC programming?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70742 | 5731123fe6313a140071cbea | Bird | The consensus view in contemporary paleontology is that the flying theropods, or avialans, are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs, which include dromaeosaurids and troodontids. Together, these form a group called Paraves. Some basal members of this group, such as Microraptor, have features which may have enab... | What are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs? | What are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs? | [
"What are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs?"
] | {
"text": [
"flying theropods"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36281 | 572fe1edb2c2fd1400568555 | Printed_circuit_board | PCBs intended for extreme environments often have a conformal coating, which is applied by dipping or spraying after the components have been soldered. The coat prevents corrosion and leakage currents or shorting due to condensation. The earliest conformal coats were wax; modern conformal coats are usually dips of dilu... | The conformal coating can prevent leaking, shorts, and what other type of moisture damage? | The conformal coating can prevent leaking, shorts, and what other type of moisture damage? | [
"The conformal coating can prevent leaking, shorts, and what other type of moisture damage?"
] | {
"text": [
"corrosion"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79260 | 5727728edd62a815002e9d0e | Heian_period | Nevertheless, the Fujiwara were not demoted by Daigo but actually became stronger during his reign. Central control of Japan had continued to decline, and the Fujiwara, along with other great families and religious foundations, acquired ever larger shōen and greater wealth during the early tenth century. By the early H... | What type of property obtained legal status during the early Heian period? | What type of property obtained legal status during the early Heian period? | [
"What type of property obtained legal status during the early Heian period?"
] | {
"text": [
"shōen"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108437 | 5acd307e07355d001abf3879 | Aspirated_consonant | Later, during the Koine Greek period, the aspirated and voiceless stops /tʰ d/ of Attic Greek lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives, yielding /θ ð/ in Medieval and Modern Greek. | During what period did unaspirated and voiceless stops lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives? | During what period did unaspirated and voiceless stops lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives? | [
"During what period did unaspirated and voiceless stops lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66692 | 572786a8708984140094dff6 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In the fall of 1985, Gorbachev continued to bring younger and more energetic men into government. On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Talyzin replaced Nikolai Baibakov as chairma... | Who was Chairman of the Council of Ministers prior to Ryzhkov? | Who was Chairman of the Council of Ministers prior to Ryzhkov? | [
"Who was Chairman of the Council of Ministers prior to Ryzhkov?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nikolai Tikhonov"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37629 | 57283b4c3acd2414000df76d | London | The majority of British Jews live in London, with significant Jewish communities in Stamford Hill, Stanmore, Golders Green, Finchley, Hampstead, Hendon and Edgware in North London. Bevis Marks Synagogue in the City of London is affiliated to London's historic Sephardic Jewish community. It is the only synagogue in Euro... | When was the London Jewish Forum established? | When was the London Jewish Forum established? | [
"When was the London Jewish Forum established?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
609
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59075 | 5727b0c94b864d1900163a79 | A_cappella | The a cappella musical Perfect Harmony, a comedy about two high school a cappella groups vying to win the National championship, made its Off Broadway debut at Theatre Row’s Acorn Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City in October, 2010 after a successful out-of-town run at the Stoneham Theatre, in Stoneham, Massachuse... | Before coming to New York, at what theater had Perfect Harmony previously been successful? | Before coming to New York, at what theater had Perfect Harmony previously been successful? | [
"Before coming to New York, at what theater had Perfect Harmony previously been successful?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stoneham Theatre"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86960 | 5a8caa9ffd22b3001a8d8cfc | Biodiversity | The existence of a "global carrying capacity", limiting the amount of life that can live at once, is debated, as is the question of whether such a limit would also cap the number of species. While records of life in the sea shows a logistic pattern of growth, life on land (insects, plants and tetrapods)shows an exponen... | Without whose influence would sea growth increase? | Without whose influence would sea growth increase? | [
"Without whose influence would sea growth increase?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10461 | 5acf8b4b77cf76001a685196 | Comics | Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usuall... | Where do comics never appear? | Where do comics never appear? | [
"Where do comics never appear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88138 | 5a3c86ebcc5d22001a521dfa | God | Likewise, Émile Durkheim was one of the earliest to suggest that gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings. In line with this reasoning, psychologist Matt Rossano contends that when humans began living in larger groups, they may have created gods as a means of enforcing morality. I... | What did social forces use to enforce morality according to Durkheim? | What did social forces use to enforce morality according to Durkheim? | [
"What did social forces use to enforce morality according to Durkheim?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91097 | 572ac792111d821400f38d5e | John_Kerry | Kerry said on September 9 in response to a reporter's question about whether Syrian President Bashar al-Assad could avert a military strike: "He could turn over every single bit of his chemical weapons to the international community in the next week. Turn it over, all of it, without delay, and allow a full and total ac... | Who was Syria's president in 2014? | Who was Syria's president in 2014? | [
"Who was Syria's president in 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bashar al-Assad"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32949 | 5a32f95bbd0d7f001aef9540 | Central_African_Republic | Agriculture is dominated by the cultivation and sale of food crops such as cassava, peanuts, maize, sorghum, millet, sesame, and plantain. The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%. The importance of food crops over exported cash crops is indicated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple foo... | What kind of exported cash crops dominate agriculture? | What kind of exported cash crops dominate agriculture? | [
"What kind of exported cash crops dominate agriculture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59227 | 5a20607c54a786001a36b32c | Alloy | The term alloy is used to describe a mixture of atoms in which the primary constituent is a metal. The primary metal is called the base, the matrix, or the solvent. The secondary constituents are often called solutes. If there is a mixture of only two types of atoms, not counting impurities, such as a copper-nickel all... | What type of alloy contains ten constituents? | What type of alloy contains ten constituents? | [
"What type of alloy contains ten constituents?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46591 | 57266bdd5951b619008f7230 | Department_store | Parkson enters by acquiring local brand Centro Department Store in 2011. Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta. Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking ... | Where is the "Lotte Shopping Avenue" located? | Where is the "Lotte Shopping Avenue" located? | [
"Where is the \"Lotte Shopping Avenue\" located? "
] | {
"text": [
"Ciputra World Jakarta complex"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24374 | 56de0fef4396321400ee2583 | Lighting | Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used ... | What is used a main source of light for a building during the day? | What is used a main source of light for a building during the day? | [
"What is used a main source of light for a building during the day?"
] | {
"text": [
"Daylighting"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102986 | 5acd276d07355d001abf3708 | Unicode | Several subsets of Unicode are standardized: Microsoft Windows since Windows NT 4.0 supports WGL-4 with 652 characters, which is considered to support all contemporary European languages using the Latin, Greek, or Cyrillic script. Other standardized subsets of Unicode include the Multilingual European Subsets: MES-1 (L... | How many characters are in MES-3B? | How many characters are in MES-3B? | [
"How many characters are in MES-3B?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72788 | 5ad366b9604f3c001a3fe079 | Dell | Assembly of desktop computers for the North American market formerly took place at Dell plants in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999), which have been closed in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina received $280 million USD in incentives fro... | What subsidiary of Dell remains operating in Georgia? | What subsidiary of Dell remains operating in Georgia? | [
"What subsidiary of Dell remains operating in Georgia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18262 | 5ad0d32d645df0001a2d0577 | Eritrea | Eritrea has achieved significant improvements in health care and is one of the few countries to be on target to meet its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets in health, in particular child health. Life expectancy at birth has increased from 39.1 in 1960 to 59.5 years in 2008, maternal and child mortality rates hav... | How many kids had been vaccinated against measles in 2008? | How many kids had been vaccinated against measles in 2008? | [
"How many kids had been vaccinated against measles in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47124 | 5726a8eef1498d1400e8e668 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Beginning in April 1985, Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in North America, The Virgin Tour, with the Beastie Boys as her opening act. She progressed from playing CBGB and the Mudd Club to playing large sporting arenas. At that time she released two more hit singles from the album, "Angel" and "Dress You Up".... | When was Madonna's first concert tour in North America? | When was Madonna's first concert tour in North America? | [
"When was Madonna's first concert tour in North America?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beginning in April 1985"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4810 | 57296da23f37b31900478395 | Green | Animals typically use the color green as camouflage, blending in with the chlorophyll green of the surrounding environment. Green animals include, especially, amphibians, reptiles, and some fish, birds and insects. Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming thro... | What is the green pigment in bile called? | What is the green pigment in bile called? | [
"What is the green pigment in bile called?"
] | {
"text": [
"biliverdin"
],
"answer_start": [
1073
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63291 | 570985f3200fba140036813d | Grape | Anthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple grape skin compa... | Why causes antioxidant strength to be higher in purple grapes? | Why causes antioxidant strength to be higher in purple grapes? | [
"Why causes antioxidant strength to be higher in purple grapes?"
] | {
"text": [
"anthocyanins"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5457 | 572a326f6aef05140015535e | Digimon | The Digimon series has a large number of video games which usually have their own independent storylines with a few sometimes tying into the stories of the anime series or manga series. The games consists of a number of genres including life simulation, adventure, video card game, strategy and racing games, though they... | What did the Digimon series end up having lots of during the series? | What did the Digimon series end up having lots of during the series? | [
"What did the Digimon series end up having lots of during the series?"
] | {
"text": [
"video games"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35847 | 570a5f946d058f1900182ddc | Imperial_College_London | Imperial acquired Silwood Park in 1947, to provide a site for research and teaching in those aspects of biology not well suited for the main London campus. Felix, Imperial's student newspaper, was launched on 9 December 1949. On 29 January 1950, the government announced that it was intended that Imperial should expand ... | Imperial formed a relationship with which other entity in 1963? | Imperial formed a relationship with which other entity in 1963? | [
"Imperial formed a relationship with which other entity in 1963?"
] | {
"text": [
"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114029 | 572a1c096aef05140015529a | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Mach suggested that thought experiments like the bucket argument are problematic. If we were to imagine a universe that only contains a bucket, on Newton's account, this bucket could be set to spin relative to absolute space, and the water it contained would form the characteristic concave surface. But in the absence o... | What was equally possible about the surface of the water in the bucket? | What was equally possible about the surface of the water in the bucket? | [
"What was equally possible about the surface of the water in the bucket?"
] | {
"text": [
"would remain flat."
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1158 | 5a84a7cf7cf838001a46aa15 | Endangered_Species_Act | A reward will be paid to any person who furnishes information which leads to an arrest, conviction, or revocation of a license, so long as they are not a local, state, or federal employee in the performance of official duties. The Secretary may also provide reasonable and necessary costs incurred for the care of fish, ... | What three types of employees are allowed to accept a reward? | What three types of employees are allowed to accept a reward? | [
"What three types of employees are allowed to accept a reward?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77116 | 56df50e896943c1400a5d382 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN
2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)
2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)
1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)
1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines) | Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987? | Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987? | [
"Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rafael M. Salas"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6295 | 5ad33c1d604f3c001a3fdb72 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlaySt... | What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 4? | What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 4? | [
"What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 4?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-969 | 5a8460077cf838001a46a7ab | Endangered_Species_Act | During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reag... | What was Reagan's statement regarding economic considerations in species status? | What was Reagan's statement regarding economic considerations in species status? | [
"What was Reagan's statement regarding economic considerations in species status?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60194 | 572f9e64947a6a140053cad6 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | During the latter half of the 20th century, Washington University transitioned from a strong regional university to a national research institution. In 1957, planning began for the construction of the “South 40,” a complex of modern residential halls. With the additional on-campus housing, Washington University, which ... | How did the construction of the new residential complex at Washington University affect the student population? | How did the construction of the new residential complex at Washington University affect the student population? | [
"How did the construction of the new residential complex at Washington University affect the student population?"
] | {
"text": [
"began to attract a more national pool of applicants"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2329 | 56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902280 | Buddhism | While he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the "Four Immeasurable Minds" of love, compa... | Gautama invented a new kind of human without what? | Gautama invented a new kind of human without what? | [
"Gautama invented a new kind of human without what?"
] | {
"text": [
"egotism"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17196 | 5ad1120d645df0001a2d0c13 | Uranium | Many contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 has the distinction of being the only naturally occurring fissile isotope. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another fissile isotope... | What can't be turned into plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor? | What can't be turned into plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor? | [
"What can't be turned into plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60031 | 5acfc4a677cf76001a685df3 | Zhejiang | Catholicism arrived 400 years ago in the province and Protestantism 150 years ago. Zhejiang is one of the provinces of China with the largest concentrations of Protestants, especially notable in the city of Wenzhou. In 1999 Zhejiang's Protestant population comprised 2.8% of the provincial population, a small percentage... | What percent of Zhejiang was Protestant in 1998? | What percent of Zhejiang was Protestant in 1998? | [
" What percent of Zhejiang was Protestant in 1998?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5619 | 5ad27b5bd7d075001a429649 | House_music | In a 1986 interview, Rocky Jones, the former club DJ who ran the D.J. International record label, doesn't mention Importes Etc., Frankie Knuckles, or the Warehouse by name, but agrees that "house" was a regional catch-all term for dance music, and that it was once synonymous with older disco music. | For what kind of music was Jones a regional catch-all term? | For what kind of music was Jones a regional catch-all term? | [
"For what kind of music was Jones a regional catch-all term?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2679 | 56d29a9a59d6e41400146121 | Buddhism | The Pāli Tipitaka, which means "three baskets", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrinal clarification. T... | What contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha? | What contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha? | [
"What contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Sutta Pitaka"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81734 | 5706bd3e0eeca41400aa0dd5 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In the city the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males. | For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there? | For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there? | [
"For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there?"
] | {
"text": [
"93.2"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26156 | 5726ab16f1498d1400e8e68d | Edmund_Burke | In January 1790, Burke read Dr. Richard Price's sermon of 4 November 1789 entitled, A Discourse on the Love of our Country, to the Revolution Society. That society had been founded to commemorate the Glorious Revolution of 1688. In this sermon Price espoused the philosophy of universal "Rights of Men". Price argued tha... | What was the Revolution Society commemorating? | What was the Revolution Society commemorating? | [
"What was the Revolution Society commemorating?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Glorious Revolution of 1688"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75116 | 572f0356dfa6aa1500f8d564 | Elevator | There are several technologies aimed to provide better experience to passengers suffering from claustrophobia, anthropophobia or social anxiety. Israeli startup DigiGage uses motion sensors to scroll the pre-rendered images, building and floor-specific content on a screen embedded into the wall as the cab moves up and ... | What Israeli company uses motion sensors to display information on a screen embedded in the wall of the cabs? | What Israeli company uses motion sensors to display information on a screen embedded in the wall of the cabs? | [
"What Israeli company uses motion sensors to display information on a screen embedded in the wall of the cabs?"
] | {
"text": [
"DigiGage"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102427 | 56fa9f9df34c681400b0c104 | High-definition_television | At a minimum, HDTV has twice the linear resolution of standard-definition television (SDTV), thus showing greater detail than either analog television or regular DVD. The technical standards for broadcasting HDTV also handle the 16:9 aspect ratio images without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching, thus increasi... | HDTV handles what aspect ratio without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching? | HDTV handles what aspect ratio without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching? | [
"HDTV handles what aspect ratio without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching?"
] | {
"text": [
"16:9"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75771 | 5705eece75f01819005e778e | The_Times | Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802–1852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in ... | Who succeeded Thomas Barnes as editor of The Times in 1841? | Who succeeded Thomas Barnes as editor of The Times in 1841? | [
"Who succeeded Thomas Barnes as editor of The Times in 1841?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Thadeus Delane"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92700 | 5a6fdc978abb0b001a675fc9 | Alsace | France started the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), and was defeated by the Kingdom of Prussia and other German states. The end of the war led to the unification of Germany. Otto von Bismarck annexed Alsace and northern Lorraine to the new German Empire in 1871; unlike other members states of the German federation, which... | What war did Prussia start in 1870? | What war did Prussia start in 1870? | [
"What war did Prussia start in 1870?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15419 | 5706b0492eaba6190074ac30 | Black_people | Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of t... | Who is seeking minority status from the government? | Who is seeking minority status from the government? | [
"Who is seeking minority status from the government?"
] | {
"text": [
"African-Iraquis"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2873 | 5730246604bcaa1900d77215 | British_Isles | Few species of reptiles or amphibians are found in Great Britain or Ireland. Only three snakes are native to Great Britain: the common European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake; none are native to Ireland. In general, Great Britain has slightly more variation and native wild life, with weasels, polecats, wil... | Which snakes are considered native to the British Isles but not Ireland? | Which snakes are considered native to the British Isles but not Ireland? | [
"Which snakes are considered native to the British Isles but not Ireland?"
] | {
"text": [
"European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4471 | 5727f4f83acd2414000df0c5 | Pope_John_XXIII | Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots. His selection was unexpected, and Roncalli himself had come to Rome with a return train ticket to Venice. He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of "John" upon election in more than 500 years, and his choice settled the complicated ques... | He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of "John" upon election in how long? | He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of "John" upon election in how long? | [
"He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of \"John\" upon election in how long?"
] | {
"text": [
"500 years"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110243 | 5727f7802ca10214002d9a60 | Culture | In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movements—such as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out o... | What was the German name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era? | What was the German name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era? | [
"What was the German name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era?"
] | {
"text": [
"Weltanschauung"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10900 | 5ad28440d7d075001a42986e | Anthropology | Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or ph... | What studies the influence of societies on social life? | What studies the influence of societies on social life? | [
"What studies the influence of societies on social life?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58548 | 5a2ae2765b078a001a2f0733 | Sanskrit | Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties rep... | What system of transliteration is not commonly used on the internet or e-mail? | What system of transliteration is not commonly used on the internet or e-mail? | [
"What system of transliteration is not commonly used on the internet or e-mail?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85981 | 572ff318a23a5019007fcb96 | Tucson,_Arizona | By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson aft... | What was the population of Tuscon in 2006? | What was the population of Tuscon in 2006? | [
"What was the population of Tuscon in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [
"535,000"
],
"answer_start": [
608
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85609 | 57111703b654c5140001fb20 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Nintendo also made two turbo controllers for the NES called NES Advantage and the NES Max. Both controllers had a Turbo feature, a feature where one tap of the button represented multiple taps. This feature allowed players to shoot much faster during shooter games. The NES Advantage had two knobs that adjusted the firi... | Which two accessories were featured in the movie The Wizard? | Which two accessories were featured in the movie The Wizard? | [
"Which two accessories were featured in the movie The Wizard?"
] | {
"text": [
"Power Pad and the Power Glove"
],
"answer_start": [
938
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66108 | 570bd90fec8fbc190045bb72 | ASCII | ASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system. Bob Bemer introduced features such as the escape ... | When was ASCII first commercially used? | When was ASCII first commercially used? | [
"When was ASCII first commercially used?"
] | {
"text": [
"1963"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103538 | 571e03b55569731900639109 | Multiracial_American | In the early 19th century, the Indigenous American woman Sacagawea, who would help translate for and guide the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the West, married the French trapper Toussaint Charbonneau. Most marriages between Europeans and Indigenous Americans were between European men and Indigenous American women. Depe... | Who made up most unions between Europeans and natives? | Who made up most unions between Europeans and natives? | [
"Who made up most unions between Europeans and natives?"
] | {
"text": [
"European men and Indigenous American women"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13118 | 56dd14af9a695914005b94c8 | Republic_of_the_Congo | The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 200... | When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process? | When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process? | [
"When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?"
] | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115717 | 5727c607ff5b5019007d94dd | Galicia_(Spain) | As part of the transition to democracy upon the death of Franco in 1975, Galicia regained its status as an autonomous region within Spain with the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, which begins, "Galicia, historical nationality, is constituted as an Autonomous Community to access to its self-government, in agreement with th... | Which modern group now works to attain Galicia status as a nation? | Which modern group now works to attain Galicia status as a nation? | [
"Which modern group now works to attain Galicia status as a nation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bloque Nacionalista Galego"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5741 | 5706b1910eeca41400aa0d42 | House_music | In the U.S., the music was being developed to create a more sophisticated sound,[citation needed] moving beyond just drum loops and short samples. In Chicago, Marshall Jefferson had formed the house group Ten City Byron Burke, Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson(from "intensity"). New York–based performers such as Mateo & Mat... | where was marshall jefferson based? | where was marshall jefferson based? | [
"where was marshall jefferson based?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chicago"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61396 | 5a3af15f3ff257001ab84347 | Flowering_plant | Recent studies, as by the APG, show that the monocots form a monophyletic group (clade) but that the dicots do not (they are paraphyletic). Nevertheless, the majority of dicot species do form a monophyletic group, called the eudicots or tricolpates. Of the remaining dicot species, most belong to a third major clade kno... | How many species of Chloranthaceae are eudicots? | How many species of Chloranthaceae are eudicots? | [
"How many species of Chloranthaceae are eudicots?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102885 | 5acd15fa07355d001abf3404 | Unicode | Unicode is developed in conjunction with the International Organization for Standardization and shares the character repertoire with ISO/IEC 10646: the Universal Character Set. Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 function equivalently as character encodings, but The Unicode Standard contains much more information for implementer... | Who created the character repertoire for IOS/IEC 10646? | Who created the character repertoire for IOS/IEC 10646? | [
"Who created the character repertoire for IOS/IEC 10646?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76648 | 572aa311be1ee31400cb80ee | Philadelphia | The 548 ft (167 m) City Hall remained the tallest building in the city until 1987 when One Liberty Place was constructed. Numerous glass and granite skyscrapers were built in Philadelphia's Center City from the late 1980s onwards. In 2007, the Comcast Center surpassed One Liberty Place to become the city's tallest buil... | What is the tallest building? | What is the tallest building? | [
"What is the tallest building?"
] | {
"text": [
"Comcast Center"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19335 | 5a3b16693ff257001ab843d5 | Rule_of_law | Most legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the law. Others, includin... | Who believes that the rule of law has no formal characteristics? | Who believes that the rule of law has no formal characteristics? | [
"Who believes that the rule of law has no formal characteristics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67916 | 5ad41a27604f3c001a4004a5 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial year... | What European country did few of the first Charleston settlers come from? | What European country did few of the first Charleston settlers come from? | [
"What European country did few of the first Charleston settlers come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22188 | 56e786bf00c9c71400d7723c | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | Many of NARA's most requested records are frequently used for genealogy research. This includes census records from 1790 to 1930, ships' passenger lists, and naturalization records. | Besides census records and passenger lists, what NARA documents are particularly useful to genealogists? | Besides census records and passenger lists, what NARA documents are particularly useful to genealogists? | [
"Besides census records and passenger lists, what NARA documents are particularly useful to genealogists?"
] | {
"text": [
"naturalization records"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59274 | 5a2093188a6e4f001aa08dca | Alloy | Conversely, most heat-treatable alloys are precipitation hardening alloys, which produce the opposite effects that steel does. When heated to form a solution and then cooled quickly, these alloys become much softer than normal, during the diffusionless transformation, and then harden as they age. The solutes in these a... | What do precipitation hardening alloys behave similarly to? | What do precipitation hardening alloys behave similarly to? | [
"What do precipitation hardening alloys behave similarly to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22852 | 5735ae59dc94161900571f1e | Kathmandu | The neighbourhood of Thamel is Kathmandu's primary "traveller's ghetto", packed with guest houses, restaurants, shops, and bookstores, catering to tourists. Another neighbourhood of growing popularity is Jhamel, a name for Jhamsikhel coined to rhyme with Thamel. Jhochhen Tol, also known as Freak Street, is Kathmandu's ... | What is the traditional name for Freak Street? | What is the traditional name for Freak Street? | [
"What is the traditional name for Freak Street?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jhochhen Tol"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100269 | 56e0fdc8231d4119001ac558 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on 30 October 2000, followed by BeiDou-1B on 20 December 2000. The third satellite, BeiDou-1C (a backup satellite), was put into orbit on 25 May 2003. The successful launch of BeiDou-1C also meant the establishment of the BeiDou-1 navigation system. | What was the name of the first satellite launched for the system? | What was the name of the first satellite launched for the system? | [
"What was the name of the first satellite launched for the system?"
] | {
"text": [
"BeiDou-1A"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23881 | 5acfbcfd77cf76001a685b8f | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What types of powers does the Philippines give up? | What types of powers does the Philippines give up? | [
"What types of powers does the Philippines give up?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113623 | 5706f5de90286e26004fc765 | Immunology | Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between "ce... | Cellular immunology expressed the theory that what cells caused immune responses? | Cellular immunology expressed the theory that what cells caused immune responses? | [
"Cellular immunology expressed the theory that what cells caused immune responses?"
] | {
"text": [
"phagocytes"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96702 | 5a8c9ea4fd22b3001a8d8beb | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Sextus Julius Africanus further refers to the writings of historian Thallus: "This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls, as appears to me without reason, an eclipse of the sun. For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Saviour falls on the ... | Where did Africanus believe that the recording of the date of Passover was documented? | Where did Africanus believe that the recording of the date of Passover was documented? | [
"Where did Africanus believe that the recording of the date of Passover was documented?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61277 | 572efb9cc246551400ce4824 | Flowering_plant | The apparently sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record initially posed such a problem for the theory of evolution that it was called an "abominable mystery" by Charles Darwin. However, the fossil record has considerably grown since the time of Darwin, and recently discovered angiosperm fossils s... | What relationship proposed on the basis of morphological evidence has recently been disputed? | What relationship proposed on the basis of morphological evidence has recently been disputed? | [
"What relationship proposed on the basis of morphological evidence has recently been disputed?"
] | {
"text": [
"relationship between angiosperms and gnetophytes"
],
"answer_start": [
1060
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6249 | 5727721add62a815002e9d08 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the t... | Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to John Hyundai? | Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to John Hyundai? | [
"Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to John Hyundai?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pope Pius II"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
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