gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-111525 | 57323080e17f3d1400422700 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | With the abatement of persecution, St. Jerome acknowledged the Empire as a bulwark against evil but insisted that "imperial honours" were contrary to Christian teaching. His was an authoritative but minority voice: most Christians showed no qualms in the veneration of even "pagan" emperors. The peace of the emperors wa... | With what veneration did most Christians have little trouble? | With what veneration did most Christians have little trouble? | [
"With what veneration did most Christians have little trouble?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"pagan\" emperors"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68741 | 572f01f3c246551400ce4838 | Modern_history | The Maratha states, following the Anglo-Maratha wars, eventually lost to the British East India Company in 1818 with the Third Anglo-Maratha War. The rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian rebellion of 1857 and consequent of the Government of India Act 1858, the British government assumed the task of directly a... | What did Britain establish in 1824? | What did Britain establish in 1824? | [
"What did Britain establish in 1824?"
] | {
"text": [
"Singapore as a key trading post"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60820 | 5a36fffb95360f001af1b3bf | Gregorian_calendar | Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the... | Who use the lunar Islamic calendar until the nineteenth century? | Who use the lunar Islamic calendar until the nineteenth century? | [
"Who use the lunar Islamic calendar until the nineteenth century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74392 | 571b212d9499d21900609c2b | Asphalt | In 1838, there was a flurry of entrepreneurial activity involving asphalt/bitumen, which had uses beyond paving. For example, asphalt could also used for flooring, damp proofing in buildings, and for waterproofing of various types of pools and baths, with these latter themselves proliferating in the 19th century. On th... | Many of what were granted in France, but denied in Britain? | Many of what were granted in France, but denied in Britain? | [
"Many of what were granted in France, but denied in Britain?"
] | {
"text": [
"patents"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39441 | 572734eb5951b619008f86b7 | FA_Cup | Following the 1914–15 edition, the competition was suspended due to the First World War, and didn't resume until 1919–20. The 1922–23 competition saw the first final to be played in the newly opened Wembley Stadium (known at the time as the Empire Stadium). Due to the outbreak of World War II, the competition wasn't pl... | When did Wembly stadium open? | When did Wembly stadium open? | [
"When did Wembly stadium open? "
] | {
"text": [
"1922–23"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74579 | 571b64d79499d21900609c8f | Asphalt | Synthetic crude oil, also known as syncrude, is the output from a bitumen upgrader facility used in connection with oil sand production in Canada. Bituminous sands are mined using enormous (100 ton capacity) power shovels and loaded into even larger (400 ton capacity) dump trucks for movement to an upgrading facility. ... | How many barrels of crude were upgraders making per day by 2015? | How many barrels of crude were upgraders making per day by 2015? | [
"How many barrels of crude were upgraders making per day by 2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"1 million barrels"
],
"answer_start": [
839
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9434 | 5a6bb2904eec6b001a80a4df | Myocardial_infarction | For a person to qualify as having a STEMI, in addition to reported angina, the ECG must show new ST elevation in two or more adjacent ECG leads. This must be greater than 2 mm (0.2 mV) for males and greater than 1.5 mm (0.15 mV) in females if in leads V2 and V3 or greater than 1 mm (0.1 mV) if it is in other ECG leads.... | ST elevation can develop into what? | ST elevation can develop into what? | [
"ST elevation can develop into what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100993 | 5727ac723acd2414000de949 | Hindu_philosophy | Mīmāṃsā gave rise to the study of philology and the philosophy of language. While their deep analysis of language and linguistics influenced other schools, their views were not shared by others. Mīmāṃsākas considered the purpose and power of language was to clearly prescribe the proper, correct and right. In contrast, ... | To what study did Mimamsa give rise? | To what study did Mimamsa give rise? | [
"To what study did Mimamsa give rise?"
] | {
"text": [
"philology"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30316 | 5acd600907355d001abf3f9a | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh's industrial base includes banking/financial services; electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; and pharmaceuticals. Raleigh is part of North Carolina's Research Triangle, one of the country's largest and most successful research pa... | What does the Research Square do? | What does the Research Square do? | [
"What does the Research Square do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42146 | 5ad236bfd7d075001a42881c | Karl_Popper | Popper won many awards and honours in his field, including the Lippincott Award of the American Political Science Association, the Sonning Prize, the Otto Hahn Peace Medal of the United Nations Association of Germany in Berlin and fellowships in the Royal Society, British Academy, London School of Economics, King's Col... | What award did Russia send to Popper? | What award did Russia send to Popper? | [
"What award did Russia send to Popper?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75560 | 5acfcc2b77cf76001a686070 | Cubism | The subsequent 1912 Salon des Indépendants was marked by the presentation of Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, which itself caused a scandal, even amongst the Cubists. It was in fact rejected by the hanging committee, which included his brothers and other Cubists. Although the work was shown in the S... | Which Duchamp presentation was displayed in the 1913 Salon des Independants? | Which Duchamp presentation was displayed in the 1913 Salon des Independants? | [
"Which Duchamp presentation was displayed in the 1913 Salon des Independants?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98286 | 56f89bfa9b226e1400dd0cb8 | Alps | High levels of precipitation cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas whereas in other, more arid regions, glaciers remain above about the 3,500 m (11,483 ft) level. The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) by 1973, resul... | From 1876 to 1973, how much did the glaciers that covered the Alps shrink? | From 1876 to 1973, how much did the glaciers that covered the Alps shrink? | [
"From 1876 to 1973, how much did the glaciers that covered the Alps shrink?"
] | {
"text": [
"to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi)"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61536 | 57280ddb4b864d190016432d | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English ... | Who destroyed Fort William in 1696? | Who destroyed Fort William in 1696? | [
"Who destroyed Fort William in 1696?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pierre Le Moyne"
],
"answer_start": [
767
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27408 | 572f97a804bcaa1900d76ac1 | Transistor | The Pro Electron standard, the European Electronic Component Manufacturers Association part numbering scheme, begins with two letters: the first gives the semiconductor type (A for germanium, B for silicon, and C for materials like GaAs); the second letter denotes the intended use (A for diode, C for general-purpose tr... | What is the first letter in the part numbering scheme? | What is the first letter in the part numbering scheme? | [
"What is the first letter in the part numbering scheme?"
] | {
"text": [
"the semiconductor type"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38846 | 570c9e2dfed7b91900d45a1a | FC_Barcelona | Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955, and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the ... | During which football season did Barcelona win its second treble? | During which football season did Barcelona win its second treble? | [
"During which football season did Barcelona win its second treble?"
] | {
"text": [
"2014–15"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64055 | 57282b9b3acd2414000df617 | Annelid | The fluid in the coelomata contains coelomocyte cells that defend the animals against parasites and infections. In some species coelomocytes may also contain a respiratory pigment – red hemoglobin in some species, green chlorocruorin in others (dissolved in the plasma) – and provide oxygen transport within their segmen... | What can coelomocyte cells defend against? | What can coelomocyte cells defend against? | [
"What can coelomocyte cells defend against?"
] | {
"text": [
"parasites and infections"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24685 | 56cee7edaab44d1400b88c69 | New_York_City | New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor... | Who was mayor of New York during the Great Depression? | Who was mayor of New York during the Great Depression? | [
"Who was mayor of New York during the Great Depression?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fiorello La Guardia"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97346 | 56cfdc7f234ae51400d9bf8f | Frédéric_Chopin | In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, "What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?" However, by... | What did Chopin write on the box of letters from Maria and her mother? | What did Chopin write on the box of letters from Maria and her mother? | [
"What did Chopin write on the box of letters from Maria and her mother?"
] | {
"text": [
"My tragedy"
],
"answer_start": [
713
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65160 | 572977183f37b31900478459 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Similarly, in the United States, the independent National Research Council has noted that "sufficient domestic renewable resources exist to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation and thus help confront issues related to climate change, energy security, and the escalation... | Why is renewable energy an attractive option? | Why is renewable energy an attractive option? | [
"Why is renewable energy an attractive option?"
] | {
"text": [
"can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21635 | 5a653936c2b11c001a425cbb | Sumer | Sumerian religion seems to have been founded upon two separate cosmogenic myths. The first saw creation as the result of a series of hieros gami or sacred marriages, involving the reconciliation of opposites, postulated as a coming together of male and female divine beings; the gods. This continued to influence the who... | What influenced world religions? | What influenced world religions? | [
"What influenced world religions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78306 | 57279cf2708984140094e251 | Child_labour | Malian migrants have long worked on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast, but in 2000 cocoa prices had dropped to a 10-year low and some farmers stopped paying their employees. The Malian counsel had to rescue some boys who had not been paid for five years and who were beaten if they tried to run away. Malian officials belie... | Where did the children mainly come from? | Where did the children mainly come from? | [
"Where did the children mainly come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"slums"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99883 | 56fb93b3b28b3419009f1e4b | Middle_Ages | One of the major developments in the military sphere during the Late Middle Ages was the increased use of infantry and light cavalry. The English also employed longbowmen, but other countries were unable to create similar forces with the same success. Armour continued to advance, spurred by the increasing power of cros... | What weapons were notably employed by the Swiss infantry? | What weapons were notably employed by the Swiss infantry? | [
"What weapons were notably employed by the Swiss infantry?"
] | {
"text": [
"pikes"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110019 | 57101271b654c5140001f7b9 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for... | What is another term for the act of spying for another country? | What is another term for the act of spying for another country? | [
"What is another term for the act of spying for another country?"
] | {
"text": [
"espionage"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4056 | 56d4e2142ccc5a1400d832ed | Beyoncé | Beyoncé has received praise for her stage presence and voice during live performances. Jarett Wieselman of the New York Post placed her at number one on her list of the Five Best Singer/Dancers. According to Barbara Ellen of The Guardian Beyoncé is the most in-charge female artist she's seen onstage, while Alice Jones ... | Who has said that Beyoncé is the best entertainer alive? | Who has said that Beyoncé is the best entertainer alive? | [
"Who has said that Beyoncé is the best entertainer alive?"
] | {
"text": [
"L.A. Reid"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85724 | 57111f13b654c5140001fb77 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Although most hardware clones were not produced under license by Nintendo, certain companies were granted licenses to produce NES-compatible devices. The Sharp Corporation produced at least two such clones: the Twin Famicom and the SHARP 19SC111 television. The Twin Famicom was compatible with both Famicom cartridges a... | Hyundai licensed the Sharp 19SC111 TV with what name in South Korea? | Hyundai licensed the Sharp 19SC111 TV with what name in South Korea? | [
"Hyundai licensed the Sharp 19SC111 TV with what name in South Korea?"
] | {
"text": [
"Comboy"
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45198 | 5a60b3b5e9e1cc001a33cd70 | Sahara | The central part of the Sahara is hyperarid, with little to no vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid part, there are many subdivision... | What are the subdivisions of the northern and southern reaches? | What are the subdivisions of the northern and southern reaches? | [
"What are the subdivisions of the northern and southern reaches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114733 | 5ad253a8d7d075001a428d1d | Emotion | This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and beha... | When did Weiss and Cropanzano reject their work? | When did Weiss and Cropanzano reject their work? | [
" When did Weiss and Cropanzano reject their work?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51835 | 570c59bbfed7b91900d458f6 | John,_King_of_England | During the remainder of his reign, John focused on trying to retake Normandy. The available evidence suggests that John did not regard the loss of the Duchy as a permanent shift in Capetian power. Strategically, John faced several challenges: England itself had to be secured against possible French invasion, the sea-ro... | John did not regard the loss of Duchy as a permanent shift in what? | John did not regard the loss of Duchy as a permanent shift in what? | [
"John did not regard the loss of Duchy as a permanent shift in what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Capetian power"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79222 | 5a3bba523ff257001ab84476 | Heian_period | Nominally, sovereignty lay in the emperor but in fact power was wielded by the Fujiwara nobility. However, to protect their interests in the provinces, the Fujiwara and other noble families required guards, police and soldiers. The warrior class made steady political gains throughout the Heian period. As early as 939 A... | Who threatened the central governments authourity during the 9th century A.D.? | Who threatened the central governments authourity during the 9th century A.D.? | [
"Who threatened the central governments authourity during the 9th century A.D.?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57395 | 57300862947a6a140053cfa4 | Muslim_world | No Islamic visual images or depictions of God are meant to exist because it is believed that such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry. Moreover, Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, making any two- or three- dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the names and attributes that, acco... | How many sura's in the Quran begin with "In the name of God?" | How many sura's in the Quran begin with "In the name of God?" | [
"How many sura's in the Quran begin with \"In the name of God?\""
] | {
"text": [
"All but one"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50553 | 572eaff6dfa6aa1500f8d2cb | Neptune | Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and large grou... | When was the first useful observation of Neptune from the ground? | When was the first useful observation of Neptune from the ground? | [
"When was the first useful observation of Neptune from the ground?"
] | {
"text": [
"1997"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31861 | 570daef116d0071400510ccf | Anti-aircraft_warfare | In the 1982 Falklands War, the Argentine armed forces deployed the newest west European weapons including the Oerlikon GDF-002 35 mm twin cannon and SAM Roland. The Rapier missile system was the primary GBAD system, used by both British artillery and RAF regiment, a few brand-new FIM-92 Stinger were used by British spe... | In what war did the armed forces from Argentina use the SAM Roland? | In what war did the armed forces from Argentina use the SAM Roland? | [
"In what war did the armed forces from Argentina use the SAM Roland?"
] | {
"text": [
"1982 Falklands War"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7937 | 5acfd13e77cf76001a686191 | Copyright_infringement | In the U.S., copyright infringement is sometimes confronted via lawsuits in civil court, against alleged infringers directly, or against providers of services and software that support unauthorized copying. For example, major motion-picture corporation MGM Studios filed suit against P2P file-sharing services Grokster a... | What did P2P file sharing services not market themselves as? | What did P2P file sharing services not market themselves as? | [
"What did P2P file sharing services not market themselves as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32600 | 5ad2ce11d7d075001a42a2d8 | Antarctica | Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compromise agreement was... | What minerals have been found in quantities large enough to exploit? | What minerals have been found in quantities large enough to exploit? | [
"What minerals have been found in quantities large enough to exploit?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91316 | 5ace9e5b32bba1001ae4ad46 | Avicenna | Ibn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance even to this day a... | What famous philosopher did Ibn Sina idolize heavily? | What famous philosopher did Ibn Sina idolize heavily? | [
"What famous philosopher did Ibn Sina idolize heavily?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33601 | 5a678045f038b7001ab0c25c | Film_speed | The Scheinergrade (Sch.) system was devised by the German astronomer Julius Scheiner (1858–1913) in 1894 originally as a method of comparing the speeds of plates used for astronomical photography. Scheiner's system rated the speed of a plate by the least exposure to produce a visible darkening upon development. Speed w... | What was the second use of the Scheinergrade system? | What was the second use of the Scheinergrade system? | [
"What was the second use of the Scheinergrade system?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15524 | 570706b99e06ca38007e92bf | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans? | Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans? | [
"Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans?"
] | {
"text": [
"French and Spanish colonists"
],
"answer_start": [
1148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65266 | 5726e9415951b619008f8234 | Crimean_War | Nicholas felt that, because of Russian assistance in suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1848, Austria would side with him, or at the very least remain neutral. Austria, however, felt threatened by the Russian troops in the Balkans. On 27 February 1854, the United Kingdom and France demanded the withdrawal of Russi... | Who felt Austria would side with him due to the Hungarian revolution outcome? | Who felt Austria would side with him due to the Hungarian revolution outcome? | [
"Who felt Austria would side with him due to the Hungarian revolution outcome?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nicholas"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64166 | 5ace8b9832bba1001ae4a9f5 | Annelid | Accounts of the use of leeches for the medically dubious practise of blood-letting have come from China around 30 AD, India around 200 AD, ancient Rome around 50 AD and later throughout Europe. In the 19th century medical demand for leeches was so high that some areas' stocks were exhausted and other regions imposed re... | Where did leeches begin being used for blood transfusions? | Where did leeches begin being used for blood transfusions? | [
"Where did leeches begin being used for blood transfusions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30729 | 57267593dd62a815002e85aa | Mexico_City | The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year. The area has two main seasons. The rainy season runs from June to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea. The dry... | When does the majority of the rain fall in Mexico City? | When does the majority of the rain fall in Mexico City? | [
"When does the majority of the rain fall in Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"June to October"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8668 | 56e09b837aa994140058e640 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920? | Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920? | [
"Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920?"
] | {
"text": [
"Irish Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107187 | 5ace7f5c32bba1001ae4a849 | Hunting | When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair... | In what year were hunters able to first become members of the NRA? | In what year were hunters able to first become members of the NRA? | [
"In what year were hunters able to first become members of the NRA?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5137 | 56e15ab9e3433e1400422df4 | Boston | Because of the city's prominent role in the American Revolution, several historic sites relating to that period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park. Many are found along the Freedom Trail, which is marked by a red line of bricks embedded in the ground. The city is also home to several art museu... | Where is the institute of contemporary Art located? | Where is the institute of contemporary Art located? | [
"Where is the institute of contemporary Art located?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the Seaport District"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48036 | 5726f0a95951b619008f82ef | Napoleon | Napoleon institutionalised plunder of conquered territories: French museums contain art stolen by Napoleon's forces from across Europe. Artefacts were brought to the Musée du Louvre for a grand central museum; his example would later serve as inspiration for more notorious imitators. He was compared to Adolf Hitler mos... | Who compared Napoleon to Hitler in 1947? | Who compared Napoleon to Hitler in 1947? | [
"Who compared Napoleon to Hitler in 1947?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pieter Geyl"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60887 | 570b2c16ec8fbc190045b8af | Gregorian_calendar | Ancient tables provided the sun's mean longitude. Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies. The Gregorian leap year rul... | What did the architects of the calendar notice about the astronomical tables? | What did the architects of the calendar notice about the astronomical tables? | [
"What did the architects of the calendar notice about the astronomical tables?"
] | {
"text": [
"discrepancies"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49617 | 570d65c3fed7b91900d45fcd | Valencia | Valencia is also internationally famous for its football club, Valencia C.F., which won the Spanish league in 2002 and 2004 (the year it also won the UEFA Cup), for a total of six times, and was a UEFA Champions League runner-up in 2000 and 2001. The team's stadium is the Mestalla; its city rival Levante UD also plays ... | Where does Huracan Valencia play? | Where does Huracan Valencia play? | [
"Where does Huracan Valencia play?"
] | {
"text": [
"Municipal de Manises"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34076 | 5728d59e3acd2414000dffc0 | Alaska | Starting in 1982, dividends from the fund's annual growth have been paid out each year to eligible Alaskans, ranging from an initial $1,000 in 1982 (equal to three years' payout, as the distribution of payments was held up in a lawsuit over the distribution scheme) to $3,269 in 2008 (which included a one-time $1,200 "R... | How much was the initial disembursement from the Permanent Fund? | How much was the initial disembursement from the Permanent Fund? | [
"How much was the initial disembursement from the Permanent Fund?"
] | {
"text": [
"$1,000"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28540 | 5a0f41b7decec90018475530 | Canadian_football | The first attempt to establish a proper governing body and adopted the current set of Rugby rules was the Foot Ball Association of Canada, organized on March 24, 1873 followed by the Canadian Rugby Football Union (CRFU) founded June 12, 1880, which included teams from Ontario and Quebec. Later both the Ontario and Queb... | What umbrella organization was formed on June 12 1880? | What umbrella organization was formed on June 12 1880? | [
"What umbrella organization was formed on June 12 1880?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20652 | 56cc91b56d243a140015f030 | IPod | Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store on September 5, 2007, in its Media Event entitled "The Beat Goes On...". This service allows users to access the Music Store from either an iPhone or an iPod Touch and download songs directly to the device that can be synced to the user's iTunes Library over a WiFi connection,... | What was the name of the event at which the iTunes Wi-Fi store was launched? | What was the name of the event at which the iTunes Wi-Fi store was launched? | [
"What was the name of the event at which the iTunes Wi-Fi store was launched?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Beat Goes On..."
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81214 | 5ad16aef645df0001a2d1a7e | Queen_Victoria | At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV). The Prince Regent and the Duke of York were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers... | What was the length of time between the deaths of Victoria's father and brother? | What was the length of time between the deaths of Victoria's father and brother? | [
"What was the length of time between the deaths of Victoria's father and brother?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74150 | 5acfafd677cf76001a68586a | Architecture | A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the genera... | What aspects of buildings did engineering not have an effect on? | What aspects of buildings did engineering not have an effect on? | [
"What aspects of buildings did engineering not have an effect on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79089 | 56cda4aa62d2951400fa67a4 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Following the discovery of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Wii version of Twilight Princess, an exploit known as the "Twilight Hack" was developed, allowing the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on the console. A properly designed save file would cause the game to load unsigned code, which... | What kind of error was found in Twilight Princess for Wii? | What kind of error was found in Twilight Princess for Wii? | [
"What kind of error was found in Twilight Princess for Wii?"
] | {
"text": [
"buffer overflow vulnerability"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62888 | 572f94bca23a5019007fc79d | Pain | When a person is non-verbal and cannot self-report pain, observation becomes critical, and specific behaviors can be monitored as pain indicators. Behaviors such as facial grimacing and guarding indicate pain, as well as an increase or decrease in vocalizations, changes in routine behavior patterns and mental status ch... | How can patients with dementia indicate discomfort exists? | How can patients with dementia indicate discomfort exists? | [
"How can patients with dementia indicate discomfort exists?"
] | {
"text": [
"signal"
],
"answer_start": [
844
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112937 | 5a70c9588abb0b001a67618c | Xbox_360 | Music, photos and videos can be played from standard USB mass storage devices, Xbox 360 proprietary storage devices (such as memory cards or Xbox 360 hard drives), and servers or computers with Windows Media Center or Windows XP with Service pack 2 or higher within the local-area network in streaming mode. As the Xbox ... | Which formats does UPnP not support? | Which formats does UPnP not support? | [
"Which formats does UPnP not support?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32534 | 570dfbd20b85d914000d7c5b | Antarctica | Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first meteorite was found in 1912, and named the Adelie Land meteorite. In 1969, a Japanese expedition discovered nine mete... | What is it about Antarctic meteorites that is different form meteorites found in other places? | What is it about Antarctic meteorites that is different form meteorites found in other places? | [
"What is it about Antarctic meteorites that is different form meteorites found in other places?"
] | {
"text": [
"well-preserved."
],
"answer_start": [
711
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43579 | 5726d55edd62a815002e91ac | Korean_War | After secretly crossing the Yalu River on 19 October, the PVA 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive on 25 October, attacking the advancing UN forces near the Sino-Korean border. This military decision made solely by China changed the attitude of the Soviet Union. Twelve days after Chinese troops entered th... | Who initiated the First Phase offensive? | Who initiated the First Phase offensive? | [
"Who initiated the First Phase offensive?"
] | {
"text": [
"PVA 13th Army Group"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88105 | 57285c604b864d1900164959 | God | Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow state in their book, The Grand Design, that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe, but if the answer is God, then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God. Both authors claim however, that it is possible to answer these questions... | How do Hawking and Mlodinow believe the question of God can be answered? | How do Hawking and Mlodinow believe the question of God can be answered? | [
"How do Hawking and Mlodinow believe the question of God can be answered?"
] | {
"text": [
"purely within the realm of science"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87593 | 5a68e9148476ee001a58a876 | IBM | In 2002, IBM acquired PwC consulting. In 2003 it initiated a project to redefine company values. Using its Jam technology, it hosted a three-day Internet-based online discussion of key business issues with 50,000 employees. Results were data mined with sophisticated text analysis software (eClassifier) for common theme... | How many employees worked at PwC consulting in 2002? | How many employees worked at PwC consulting in 2002? | [
"How many employees worked at PwC consulting in 2002?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38935 | 5a2c75a2bfd06b001a5aeb8c | Serbo-Croatian | The Serbo-Croatian dialects differ not only in the question word they are named after, but also heavily in phonology, accentuation and intonation, case endings and tense system (morphology) and basic vocabulary. In the past, Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects were spoken on a much larger territory, but have been replaced... | What are three ways that Kajkavian dialects differ? | What are three ways that Kajkavian dialects differ? | [
"What are three ways that Kajkavian dialects differ?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20493 | 56ce732faab44d1400b8879f | IPod | Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems. | What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices? | What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices? | [
"What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices?"
] | {
"text": [
"iTunes"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79998 | 5706649675f01819005e7b94 | MP3 | There are also open compression formats like Opus and Vorbis that are available free of charge and without any known patent restrictions. Some of the newer audio compression formats, such as AAC, WMA Pro and Vorbis, are free of some limitations inherent to the MP3 format that cannot be overcome by any MP3 encoder. | What are some benefits to some of the newer audio compression formats when compared to MP3? | What are some benefits to some of the newer audio compression formats when compared to MP3? | [
"What are some benefits to some of the newer audio compression formats when compared to MP3?"
] | {
"text": [
"free of some limitations inherent to the MP3 format"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62005 | 5ace83da32bba1001ae4a91e | Madrasa | In Singapore, madrasahs are private schools which are overseen by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS, English: Islamic Religious Council of Singapore). There are six Madrasahs in Singapore, catering to students from Primary 1 to Secondary 4. Four Madrasahs are coeducational and two are for girls. Students take a range ... | What program is being installed in madrasahs outside of Singapore? | What program is being installed in madrasahs outside of Singapore? | [
" What program is being installed in madrasahs outside of Singapore?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89910 | 57268ec7dd62a815002e8981 | Somerset | The boundaries of Somerset are largely unaltered from medieval times. The River Avon formed much of the border with Gloucestershire, except that the hundred of Bath Forum, which straddles the Avon, formed part of Somerset. Bristol began as a town on the Gloucestershire side of the Avon, however as it grew it extended a... | What river forms the border of Somerset | What river forms the border of Somerset | [
"What river forms the border of Somerset "
] | {
"text": [
"The River Avon formed much of the border with Gloucestershire, except that the hundred of Bath Forum"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33997 | 5728abbaff5b5019007da41c | Alaska | In 1795, the First Russian Orthodox Church was established in Kodiak. Intermarriage with Alaskan Natives helped the Russian immigrants integrate into society. As a result, an increasing number of Russian Orthodox churches gradually became established within Alaska. Alaska also has the largest Quaker population (by perc... | Which church was established in Kodiak in 1795? | Which church was established in Kodiak in 1795? | [
"Which church was established in Kodiak in 1795?"
] | {
"text": [
"First Russian Orthodox Church"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19438 | 5727dd8dff5b5019007d9711 | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of la... | According to the Declaration of Delhi, what type of conditions are needed for human dignity? | According to the Declaration of Delhi, what type of conditions are needed for human dignity? | [
"According to the Declaration of Delhi, what type of conditions are needed for human dignity?"
] | {
"text": [
"social, economic and cultural"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56090 | 56e7a40237bdd419002c42bf | Arena_Football_League | On August 9, 2015, ESPN reported that the New Orleans VooDoo and Las Vegas Outlaws had ceased operations, effective immediately, a claim which was subsequently validated on the AFL website. On September 1, 2015, the Spokane Shock officially left the AFL and joined the IFL under the new name Spokane Empire, becoming the... | Who first reported the closure of the New Orleans VooDoo? | Who first reported the closure of the New Orleans VooDoo? | [
"Who first reported the closure of the New Orleans VooDoo?"
] | {
"text": [
"ESPN"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-758 | 56df705556340a1900b29b5d | Plymouth | A regular international ferry service provided by Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay taking cars and foot passengers directly to France (Roscoff) and Spain (Santander) on the three ferries, MV Armorique, MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven. There is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll, w... | A passenger ferry operates between Cremyll and what location? | A passenger ferry operates between Cremyll and what location? | [
"A passenger ferry operates between Cremyll and what location?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stonehouse"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52490 | 572962c51d04691400779378 | Planck_constant | Prior to Planck's work, it had been assumed that the energy of a body could take on any value whatsoever – that it was a continuous variable. The Rayleigh–Jeans law makes close predictions for a narrow range of values at one limit of temperatures, but the results diverge more and more strongly as temperatures increase.... | Changing values of n, the Boltzmann constant, or other variables resulted in learning what about Planck's law? | Changing values of n, the Boltzmann constant, or other variables resulted in learning what about Planck's law? | [
"Changing values of n, the Boltzmann constant, or other variables resulted in learning what about Planck's law?"
] | {
"text": [
"Making an equation out of Planck's law that would reproduce the Rayleigh–Jeans law could not be done"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58603 | 5a2aae235b078a001a2f06a7 | Sanskrit | Sanskrit, as defined by Pāṇini, evolved out of the earlier Vedic form. The present form of Vedic Sanskrit can be traced back to as early as the second millennium BCE (for Rig-vedic). Scholars often distinguish Vedic Sanskrit and Classical or "Pāṇinian" Sanskrit as separate dialects. Though they are quite similar, they ... | What marked the beginning of Vedic period? | What marked the beginning of Vedic period? | [
"What marked the beginning of Vedic period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23189 | 5ad0ce1d645df0001a2d041c | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 – published in the 2012 report. | What was published in 2001? | What was published in 2001? | [
"What was published in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82416 | 56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd1 | Daylight_saving_time | Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable i... | What particular kind of scientist was George Hudson? | What particular kind of scientist was George Hudson? | [
"What particular kind of scientist was George Hudson?"
] | {
"text": [
"entomologist"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11496 | 5727a9b94b864d19001639df | North_Carolina | North Carolina is also home to many well-known private colleges and universities, including Duke University, Wake Forest University, Pfeiffer University, Lees-McRae College, Davidson College, Barton College, North Carolina Wesleyan College, Elon University, Guilford College, Livingstone College, Salem College, Shaw Uni... | What is the name of the only Lutheran University in North Carolina? | What is the name of the only Lutheran University in North Carolina? | [
"What is the name of the only Lutheran University in North Carolina?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lenoir-Rhyne University"
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51038 | 572fc19a947a6a140053cc55 | Seven_Years%27_War | The British government was close to bankruptcy, and Britain now faced the delicate task of pacifying its new French-Canadian subjects as well as the many American Indian tribes who had supported France. George III's Proclamation of 1763, which forbade white settlement beyond the crest of the Appalachians, was intended ... | How did the Quebec Act of 1774 affect religion? | How did the Quebec Act of 1774 affect religion? | [
"How did the Quebec Act of 1774 affect religion?"
] | {
"text": [
"The act protected Catholic religion"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48823 | 571a89a74faf5e1900b8aa43 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | The accession of Valens gave a fresh lease of life to the Arian party. He issued a decree banishing the bishops who had been deposed by Constantius, but who had been permitted by Jovian to return to their sees. The news created the greatest consternation in the city of Alexandria itself, and the prefect, in order to pr... | When the people in the city were concerned about Athanasius, what did the prefect do? | When the people in the city were concerned about Athanasius, what did the prefect do? | [
"When the people in the city were concerned about Athanasius, what did the prefect do? "
] | {
"text": [
"case of Athanasius would be laid before the emperor"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49214 | 5a8708c71d3cee001a6a1078 | Tuberculosis | People with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. Transmission should occur from only people with active TB – th... | Which type of TB is more infectious than active TB? | Which type of TB is more infectious than active TB? | [
"Which type of TB is more infectious than active TB?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61449 | 5a3b04c43ff257001ab84396 | Flowering_plant | While the majority of flowers are perfect or hermaphrodite (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization. Heteromorphic flowers have short carpels and long stamens, ... | Why did long stamens develop numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms? | Why did long stamens develop numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms? | [
"Why did long stamens develop numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70202 | 5a2c266dbfd06b001a5ae9fe | Neoclassical_architecture | By the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir William Hamilton's excavations at Pom... | What was influenced by Roman art students trained in France? | What was influenced by Roman art students trained in France? | [
"What was influenced by Roman art students trained in France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17273 | 5ad1171b645df0001a2d0d2a | Uranium | The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium ... | In what year didn't the discovery of uranium occur? | In what year didn't the discovery of uranium occur? | [
"In what year didn't the discovery of uranium occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109010 | 5a7e5f2348f7d9001a063679 | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | In what way are certain cultural devices more effective than others? | In what way are certain cultural devices more effective than others? | [
"In what way are certain cultural devices more effective than others?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26517 | 5731934705b4da19006bd2da | University | Although the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty "masters," provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teaching addressed a very sp... | What were the faculty who supervised students in the University of Paris called? | What were the faculty who supervised students in the University of Paris called? | [
"What were the faculty who supervised students in the University of Paris called?"
] | {
"text": [
"masters"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105195 | 5726f997f1498d1400e8f188 | History_of_science | The important legacy of this period included substantial advances in factual knowledge, especially in anatomy, zoology, botany, mineralogy, geography, mathematics and astronomy; an awareness of the importance of certain scientific problems, especially those related to the problem of change and its causes; and a recogni... | Anatomy, zoology, geography, and studies like them are considered what? | Anatomy, zoology, geography, and studies like them are considered what? | [
"Anatomy, zoology, geography, and studies like them are considered what?"
] | {
"text": [
"factual knowledge"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88534 | 56d96c56dc89441400fdb444 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay |
Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to "security worries", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered n... | Along with invited people, who were the only other people allowed in the stadium? | Along with invited people, who were the only other people allowed in the stadium? | [
"Along with invited people, who were the only other people allowed in the stadium?"
] | {
"text": [
"journalists"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27863 | 5729f8db6aef051400155174 | Energy | For example, consider electron–positron annihilation, in which the rest mass of individual particles is destroyed, but the inertia equivalent of the system of the two particles (its invariant mass) remains (since all energy is associated with mass), and this inertia and invariant mass is carried off by photons which in... | What is it called when the rest mass of individual particles is destroyed but the inertia equivalent of the system of the two particles remains? | What is it called when the rest mass of individual particles is destroyed but the inertia equivalent of the system of the two particles remains? | [
"What is it called when the rest mass of individual particles is destroyed but the inertia equivalent of the system of the two particles remains?"
] | {
"text": [
"electron–positron annihilation"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78651 | 5ad29a55d7d075001a429b9f | Greeks | Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the British Empire. Waves of emigration followed the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, ... | During the early eighties where did most Cyprus Greeks decide to go | During the early eighties where did most Cyprus Greeks decide to go | [
"During the early eighties where did most Cyprus Greeks decide to go"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69456 | 5ad4206d604f3c001a4006f7 | Houston | The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 was $489 billion, making it the fourth-largest of any metropolitan area in the United States and larger than Austria's, Venezuela's, or South Africa's GDP. Only 26 countries other than the United States have a gross domestic product exceedi... | What was Houston's gross domestic product in 2001? | What was Houston's gross domestic product in 2001? | [
"What was Houston's gross domestic product in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38431 | 5acd0dfc07355d001abf3288 | Materialism | During the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity (practice, including labor) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity (see materialist conc... | Which era of Marxists rejected the notion of dialectical materialism? | Which era of Marxists rejected the notion of dialectical materialism? | [
"Which era of Marxists rejected the notion of dialectical materialism? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85335 | 572800aaff5b5019007d9ab2 | European_Central_Bank | The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary e... | What happens when a lot of repo notes come due? | What happens when a lot of repo notes come due? | [
"What happens when a lot of repo notes come due?"
] | {
"text": [
"increase in liquidity in the economy"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101840 | 56d9e452dc89441400fdb8b3 | Dog | In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death owns two watch dogs who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka. Hunter god Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a hunting dog as his mount. Dogs are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple and offerings at the shrine take the form of bron... | What do Yama's dogs watch over? | What do Yama's dogs watch over? | [
"What do Yama's dogs watch over?"
] | {
"text": [
"the gates of Naraka"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24652 | 56cee4d1aab44d1400b88c12 | New_York_City | In the 19th century, the city was transformed by development relating to its status as a trading center, as well as by European immigration. The city adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York... | Along with German immigrants, immigrants of what nationality supported Tammany Hall? | Along with German immigrants, immigrants of what nationality supported Tammany Hall? | [
"Along with German immigrants, immigrants of what nationality supported Tammany Hall?"
] | {
"text": [
"Irish"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92648 | 572786705951b619008f8c59 | Alsace | By the time of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, Strasbourg was a prosperous community, and its inhabitants accepted Protestantism in 1523. Martin Bucer was a prominent Protestant reformer in the region. His efforts were countered by the Roman Catholic Habsburgs who tried to eradicate heresy in Upper Alsa... | When did Strasbourg accept Protestantism? | When did Strasbourg accept Protestantism? | [
"When did Strasbourg accept Protestantism?"
] | {
"text": [
"1523"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30778 | 57267cbe708984140094c7c3 | Mexico_City | In response to the demands, in 1987 the Federal District received a greater degree of autonomy, with the elaboration the first Statute of Government (Estatuto de Gobierno), and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives.[citation needed] In the 1990s, this autonomy was further expanded and, starting from 1997, resi... | How is the leader of Mexico City now established? | How is the leader of Mexico City now established? | [
"How is the leader of Mexico City now established?"
] | {
"text": [
"popular vote"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60509 | 5727575af1498d1400e8f689 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Ann Arbor's residential neighborhoods contain architectural styles ranging from classic 19th-century and early-20th-century designs to ranch-style houses. Among these homes are a number of kit houses built in the early 20th century. Contemporary-style houses are farther from the downtown district. Surrounding the Unive... | Who primarily occupies the complexes surrounding the University? | Who primarily occupies the complexes surrounding the University? | [
"Who primarily occupies the complexes surrounding the University?"
] | {
"text": [
"student renters"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46923 | 5a8c817cfd22b3001a8d897b | Textual_criticism | The bibliographer Ronald B. McKerrow introduced the term copy-text in his 1904 edition of the works of Thomas Nashe, defining it as "the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine." McKerrow was aware of the limitations of the stemmatic method, and believed it was more prudent to choose one particular text ... | What year did Thomas Nashe introduce the term copy-text? | What year did Thomas Nashe introduce the term copy-text? | [
"What year did Thomas Nashe introduce the term copy-text?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24367 | 57295c05af94a219006aa31c | Bermuda | Bermuda has developed a proud Rugby Union community. The Bermuda Rugby Union team won the 2011 Caribbean championships, defeating Guyana in the final. They previously beat The Bahamas and Mexico to take the crown. Rugby 7's is also played, with four rounds scheduled to take place in the 2011–2012 season. The Bermuda 7'... | Where are the Women's games played? | Where are the Women's games played? | [
"Where are the Women's games played?"
] | {
"text": [
"Warwick Academy."
],
"answer_start": [
672
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6634 | 5ad34a47604f3c001a3fdc82 | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation Home is a virtual 3D social networking service for the PlayStation Network. Home allows users to create a custom avatar, which can be groomed realistically. Users can edit and decorate their personal apartments, avatars or club houses with free, premium or won content. Users can shop for new items or win pr... | Users don't employ the content to decorate club houses, their avatars, or what virtual dwelling space? | Users don't employ the content to decorate club houses, their avatars, or what virtual dwelling space? | [
"Users don't employ the content to decorate club houses, their avatars, or what virtual dwelling space?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3218 | 5a5958a83e1742001a15d08c | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | How do you calculate tandem repeats? | How do you calculate tandem repeats? | [
"How do you calculate tandem repeats?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15699 | 5726e27e708984140094d4be | Chinese_characters | One man who has encountered this problem is Taiwanese politician Yu Shyi-kun, due to the rarity of the last character in his name. Newspapers have dealt with this problem in varying ways, including using software to combine two existing, similar characters, including a picture of the personality, or, especially as is t... | What will often add bopomofo phonetic symbols? | What will often add bopomofo phonetic symbols? | [
"What will often add bopomofo phonetic symbols?"
] | {
"text": [
"movie posters"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36049 | 5a7375a953a187001ae631e8 | Comcast | On February 12, 2014, the Los Angeles Times reported that Comcast sought to acquire Time Warner Cable in a deal valued at $45.2 billion. On February 13, it was reported that Time Warner Cable agreed to the acquisition. This was to add several metropolitan areas to the Comcast portfolio, such as New York City, Los Angel... | What was Time Warner Cable attempting to buy? | What was Time Warner Cable attempting to buy? | [
"What was Time Warner Cable attempting to buy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44527 | 57071bec9e06ca38007e9435 | Chihuahua_(state) | Villa and Carranza had different political goals causing Villa to become an enemy of Carranza. After Carranza took control in 1914, Villa and other revolutionaries who opposed him met at what was called the Convention of Aguascalientes. The convention deposed Carranza in favor of Eulalio Gutiérrez. In the winter of 191... | Carranza met with his opposition at a meeting called what? | Carranza met with his opposition at a meeting called what? | [
"Carranza met with his opposition at a meeting called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Convention of Aguascalientes"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31059 | 57095ba39928a81400471546 | Identity_(social_science) | Weinreich's identity variant similarly includes the categories of identity diffusion, foreclosure and crisis, but with a somewhat different emphasis. Here, with respect to identity diffusion for example, an optimal level is interpreted as the norm, as it is unrealistic to expect an individual to resolve all their confl... | Identity diffusion, foreclosure, and crisis are categories of what? | Identity diffusion, foreclosure, and crisis are categories of what? | [
"Identity diffusion, foreclosure, and crisis are categories of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Weinreich's identity variant"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
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