gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-42198 | 5ad2451ed7d075001a428a88 | Karl_Popper | Popper coined the term "critical rationalism" to describe his philosophy. Concerning the method of science, the term indicates his rejection of classical empiricism, and the classical observationalist-inductivist account of science that had grown out of it. Popper argued strongly against the latter, holding that scient... | What term did Einstein term to describe his philosophy? | What term did Einstein term to describe his philosophy? | [
"What term did Einstein term to describe his philosophy? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104572 | 573260db0fdd8d15006c6a66 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | As part of the housing and credit booms, the number of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO), which derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the w... | What are CDO as related to the housing and credit booms? | What are CDO as related to the housing and credit booms? | [
"What are CDO as related to the housing and credit booms?"
] | {
"text": [
"collateralized debt obligations"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36142 | 572f9268a23a5019007fc788 | Printed_circuit_board | Panelization is a procedure whereby a number of PCBs are grouped for manufacturing onto a larger board - the panel. Usually a panel consists of a single design but sometimes multiple designs are mixed on a single panel. There are two types of panels: assembly panels - often called arrays - and bare board manufacturing ... | Besides assembly panels, what's the other type of panel? | Besides assembly panels, what's the other type of panel? | [
"Besides assembly panels, what's the other type of panel?"
] | {
"text": [
"bare board manufacturing panels"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102844 | 5acd118107355d001abf332a | Unicode | In 1996, a surrogate character mechanism was implemented in Unicode 2.0, so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits. This increased the Unicode codespace to over a million code points, which allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts (e.g., Egyptian Hieroglyphs) and thousands of rarely used or obsolete ... | What was removed in 1996? | What was removed in 1996? | [
"What was removed in 1996?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4619 | 572805ad2ca10214002d9bc0 | Pope_John_XXIII | Pope John XXIII offered to mediate between US President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. Both men applauded the pope for his deep commitment to peace. Khrushchev would later send a message via Norman Cousins and the letter expressed his best wishes for the pontiff's... | John XXIII offered to mediate between who? | John XXIII offered to mediate between who? | [
"John XXIII offered to mediate between who?"
] | {
"text": [
"US President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36123 | 572f8d4da23a5019007fc72f | Printed_circuit_board | When the board has no embedded components it is more correctly called a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. However, the term printed wiring board has fallen into disuse. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly or PCB assembly ... | What abbreviation would the IPC use for an assembled circuit board? | What abbreviation would the IPC use for an assembled circuit board? | [
"What abbreviation would the IPC use for an assembled circuit board?"
] | {
"text": [
"CCA"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54861 | 5ad5674d5b96ef001a10adf5 | Macintosh | The sales breakdown of the Macintosh have seen sales of desktop Macs stayed mostly constant while being surpassed by that of Mac notebooks whose sales rate has grown considerably; seven out of ten Macs sold were laptops in 2009, a ratio projected to rise to three out of four by 2010. The change in sales of form factors... | What has helped Macs more indirectly compete with Windows on price and performance? | What has helped Macs more indirectly compete with Windows on price and performance? | [
"What has helped Macs more indirectly compete with Windows on price and performance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37485 | 5727e856ff5b5019007d981a | London | By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England. Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe. Winchester had previously been the capital of Anglo-Saxon England, but from this time on, London became the main... | Who rebuilt Westminster Abbey? | Who rebuilt Westminster Abbey? | [
"Who rebuilt Westminster Abbey?"
] | {
"text": [
"King Edward the Confessor"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33497 | 56f9551e9e9bad19000a0830 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | 40°48′32″N 73°57′14″W / 40.8088°N 73.9540°W / 40.8088; -73.9540 122nd Street is divided into three noncontiguous segments, E 122nd Street, W 122nd Street, and W 122nd Street Seminary Row, by Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and Morningside Park. | Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park? | Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park? | [
"Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park?"
] | {
"text": [
"Morningside Park"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111644 | 5acd77ff07355d001abf43ae | Education | In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the S... | Who was the founder of non-progressive education? | Who was the founder of non-progressive education? | [
"Who was the founder of non-progressive education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20131 | 5733b5344776f419006610dd | University_of_Notre_Dame | As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields,... | Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012? | Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012? | [
"Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Jenkins"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79729 | 57061b0f75f01819005e7991 | MP3 | The compression works by reducing the accuracy of certain parts of a sound that are considered to be beyond the auditory resolution ability of most people. This method is commonly referred to as perceptual coding. It uses psychoacoustic models to discard or reduce precision of components less audible to human hearing, ... | What kind of model is used in this kind of compression? | What kind of model is used in this kind of compression? | [
"What kind of model is used in this kind of compression?"
] | {
"text": [
"psychoacoustic"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6728 | 572845f13acd2414000df83d | PlayStation_3 | Activision Blizzard CEO Bobby Kotick has criticized PS3's high development costs and inferior attach rate and return to that of Xbox 360 and Wii. He believes these factors are pushing developers away from working on the console. In an interview with The Times Kotick stated "I'm getting concerned about Sony; the PlaySta... | What game development company completely disagreed with Kotick's statements in The Times interview? | What game development company completely disagreed with Kotick's statements in The Times interview? | [
"What game development company completely disagreed with Kotick's statements in The Times interview?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bioware"
],
"answer_start": [
977
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6802 | 57312435497a881900248ba3 | Red | In nature, the red color of blood comes from hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein found in the red blood cells of all vertebrates. The red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide. It also causes the red color of the planet Mars. The red sky... | What causes the color of hematite and red ochre? | What causes the color of hematite and red ochre? | [
"What causes the color of hematite and red ochre?"
] | {
"text": [
"iron oxide"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112730 | 5a70c0a48abb0b001a676165 | Xbox_360 | The Xbox 360 launched with 14 games in North America and 13 in Europe. The console's best-selling game for 2005, Call of Duty 2, sold over a million copies. Five other games sold over a million copies in the console's first year on the market: Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter, The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, Dead or Ali... | How many copies did Ghost REcon Advanced Warfighter sell in 2007? | How many copies did Ghost REcon Advanced Warfighter sell in 2007? | [
"How many copies did Ghost REcon Advanced Warfighter sell in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69709 | 5730245ca23a5019007fce43 | Windows_8 | Microsoft began an advertising campaign centered around Windows 8 and its Surface tablet in October 2012, starting with its first television advertisement premiering on October 14, 2012. Microsoft's advertising budget of US$1.5–1.8 billion was significantly larger than the US$200 million campaign used to promote Window... | How many pop up stores did Microsoft set up to help promote Windows 8? | How many pop up stores did Microsoft set up to help promote Windows 8? | [
"How many pop up stores did Microsoft set up to help promote Windows 8?"
] | {
"text": [
"34"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67674 | 5726b36add62a815002e8d54 | Norfolk_Island | Norfolk Island is the only non-mainland Australian territory to have achieved self-governance. The Norfolk Island Act 1979, passed by the Parliament of Australia in 1979, is the Act under which the island was governed until the passing of the Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Act 2015. The Australian government main... | What is the only non-mainland Australian territory that is governed by itself? | What is the only non-mainland Australian territory that is governed by itself? | [
"What is the only non-mainland Australian territory that is governed by itself?"
] | {
"text": [
"Norfolk Island"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104778 | 57335b42d058e614000b58e3 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Rapid increases in a number of commodity prices followed the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, with some attributing it to speculative flow of money... | What did the price of oil began doing when the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008? | What did the price of oil began doing when the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008? | [
"What did the price of oil began doing when the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"plunging"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6636 | 572834fd2ca10214002da0b3 | PlayStation_3 | Life with PlayStation, released on September 18, 2008 to succeed Folding@home, was retired November 6, 2012. Life with PlayStation used virtual globe data to display news and information by city. Along with Folding@home functionality, the application provided access to three other information "channels", the first bein... | Life was able to personalize information for users by what location division? | Life was able to personalize information for users by what location division? | [
"Life was able to personalize information for users by what location division?"
] | {
"text": [
"city"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28834 | 571cf8175efbb31900334e65 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | In what year was the diphtheria vaccine made? | In what year was the diphtheria vaccine made? | [
"In what year was the diphtheria vaccine made?"
] | {
"text": [
"1914"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43156 | 572646a7708984140094c12e | Poultry | It is widely agreed that the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), which is not closely related to other ducks). Ducks are farmed mainly for their meat, eggs, and down. As is the case with chickens, various breeds have bee... | What are the outcomes of the breeding of ducks for humans? | What are the outcomes of the breeding of ducks for humans? | [
"What are the outcomes of the breeding of ducks for humans?"
] | {
"text": [
"various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase."
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5259 | 56e1765fcd28a01900c67973 | Boston | Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Chicago lines originate at South Station, which serves as a major intermodal transportation hub, and stop at Back Bay. Fast Northeast Corridor trains, which serve New York City, Washington, D.C., and points in between, also stop at Route 128 Station in the southwestern suburbs of Boston.... | Trains serving new Yourk and Washington D.C also stop where? | Trains serving new Yourk and Washington D.C also stop where? | [
"Trains serving new Yourk and Washington D.C also stop where?"
] | {
"text": [
"Route 128 Station"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114889 | 5a7de93570df9f001a8752f7 | Matter | For Descartes, matter has only the property of extension, so its only activity aside from locomotion is to exclude other bodies: this is the mechanical philosophy. Descartes makes an absolute distinction between mind, which he defines as unextended, thinking substance, and matter, which he defines as unthinking, extend... | How does Descartes use matter and the formal/forming principle? | How does Descartes use matter and the formal/forming principle? | [
"How does Descartes use matter and the formal/forming principle?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67743 | 5726bff8dd62a815002e8f53 | Norfolk_Island | Australian citizens and residents from other parts of the nation now have automatic right of residence on the island after meeting these criteria (Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012). Australian citizens must carry either a passport or a Document of Identity to travel to Norfolk Island. Citizens of all other nation... | When someone has an Australian visa and they want to travel to Norfolk Island, where must they depart? | When someone has an Australian visa and they want to travel to Norfolk Island, where must they depart? | [
"When someone has an Australian visa and they want to travel to Norfolk Island, where must they depart?"
] | {
"text": [
"Australian Migration Zone"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18210 | 570dbab2df2f5219002ed128 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world. Most Western countries have accused the Eritrean authorities of arbitrary arrest and detentions, and of d... | What type of state government exists in Eritrea? | What type of state government exists in Eritrea? | [
"What type of state government exists in Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [
"a one-party state"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27526 | 57301c4fb2c2fd1400568893 | Liberia | On April 12, 1980, a military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe of the Krahn ethnic group overthrew and killed President William R. Tolbert, Jr.. Doe and the other plotters later executed a majority of Tolbert's cabinet and other Americo-Liberian government officials and True Whig Party members. The coup leaders f... | What was the PRC criticized for ? | What was the PRC criticized for ? | [
"What was the PRC criticized for ?"
] | {
"text": [
"corruption and political repression"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97856 | 5a82053031013a001a3350dd | Humanism | Better acquaintance with Greek and Roman technical writings also influenced the development of European science (see the history of science in the Renaissance). This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls "a backwards-lookin... | What group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject too important? | What group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject too important? | [
"What group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject too important?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111731 | 5acd810107355d001abf44b1 | Education | Some claim that there is education inequality because children did not exceed the education of their parents. This education inequality is then associated with income inequality. Although critical thinking is a goal of education, criticism and blame are often the unintended by products of our current educational proces... | What is not a goal of education? | What is not a goal of education? | [
"What is not a goal of education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114239 | 572696f75951b619008f776d | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | Television personality Piers Morgan, a former editor of the Daily Mirror and of The Sun's Bizarre pop column, has said that during the late 1980s, at Kelvin MacKenzie's behest, he was ordered to speculate on the sexuality of male pop stars for a feature headlined "The Poofs of Pop". He also recalls MacKenzie headlining... | Which BBC show's homosexual kiss did The Sun report on? | Which BBC show's homosexual kiss did The Sun report on? | [
"Which BBC show's homosexual kiss did The Sun report on?"
] | {
"text": [
"EastEnders"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70978 | 56e782a500c9c71400d771f6 | University_of_Kansas | On February 20, 1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence. The law was conditioned upon a gift from Lawrence of a $15,000 endowment fund and a site for the university, in or near the town, of not less than forty acres (16 ha) of land. If Lawrence failed to meet... | What was the minimum size of the land that Lawrence could provide for the university? | What was the minimum size of the land that Lawrence could provide for the university? | [
"What was the minimum size of the land that Lawrence could provide for the university?"
] | {
"text": [
"forty acres"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41130 | 5731596ee6313a140071ce62 | Egypt | The new government drafted and implemented a constitution in 1923 based on a parliamentary system. Saad Zaghlul was popularly elected as Prime Minister of Egypt in 1924. In 1936, the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty was concluded. Continued instability due to remaining British influence and increasing political involvement by the... | How long did British military presence remain in Egypt? | How long did British military presence remain in Egypt? | [
"How long did British military presence remain in Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"1954"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57986 | 572738b0dd62a815002e99ad | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | The strides that the Johnson presidency made in ensuring equal opportunity in the workforce were further picked up by his successor Nixon. In 1969 the Nixon administration initiated the "Philadelphia Order". It was regarded as the most forceful plan thus far to guarantee fair hiring practices in construction jobs. Phil... | Aside from the construction industry, which other group was one of the main offenders against equal opportunity laws? | Aside from the construction industry, which other group was one of the main offenders against equal opportunity laws? | [
"Aside from the construction industry, which other group was one of the main offenders against equal opportunity laws?"
] | {
"text": [
"craft unions"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74889 | 570e83d30b85d914000d7f79 | Melbourne | Melbourne is an international cultural centre, with cultural endeavours spanning major events and festivals, drama, musicals, comedy, music, art, architecture, literature, film and television. The climate, waterfront location and nightlife make it one of the most vibrant destinations in Australia. For five years in a r... | What is Australia's largest free community festival? | What is Australia's largest free community festival? | [
"What is Australia's largest free community festival?"
] | {
"text": [
"Moomba"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12471 | 5733d3334776f419006612e4 | Antibiotics | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | What mold did Fleming notice had antibacterial properties? | What mold did Fleming notice had antibacterial properties? | [
"What mold did Fleming notice had antibacterial properties?"
] | {
"text": [
"penicillin"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53797 | 56e8361f00c9c71400d77654 | Dialect | The German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After conquering the rest of Ukraine from the Whites, Ukraine joined the USSR and was enlarged (gaining Crimea a... | Who did the Ukrainian Bolsheviks conquer the Ukraine from? | Who did the Ukrainian Bolsheviks conquer the Ukraine from? | [
"Who did the Ukrainian Bolsheviks conquer the Ukraine from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Whites"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54990 | 5a3969212f14dd001ac722f6 | Everton_F.C. | The Tower has been inextricably linked with the Everton area since its construction in 1787. It was originally used as a bridewell to incarcerate mainly drunks and minor criminals, and it still stands today on Everton Brow in Netherfield Road. The tower was accompanied by two laurel wreaths on either side and, accordin... | Who was responsible for building The Tower? | Who was responsible for building The Tower? | [
"Who was responsible for building The Tower?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15706 | 5726e382708984140094d4e9 | Chinese_characters | Modern examples particularly include Chinese characters for SI units. In Chinese these units are disyllabic and standardly written with two characters, as 厘米 límǐ "centimeter" (厘 centi-, 米 meter) or 千瓦 qiānwǎ "kilowatt". However, in the 19th century these were often written via compound characters, pronounced disyllabi... | What is commonly written with a single character formed by combining the last character with the radical of the first? | What is commonly written with a single character formed by combining the last character with the radical of the first? | [
"What is commonly written with a single character formed by combining the last character with the radical of the first?"
] | {
"text": [
"socialism"
],
"answer_start": [
664
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22835 | 5735ac11dc94161900571f08 | Kathmandu | The location and terrain of Kathmandu have played a significant role in the development of a stable economy which spans millennia. The city is located in an ancient lake basin, with fertile soil and flat terrain. This geography helped form a society based on agriculture. This, combined with its location between India a... | Existing between what two countries contributed to Kathmandu becoming a center of trade? | Existing between what two countries contributed to Kathmandu becoming a center of trade? | [
"Existing between what two countries contributed to Kathmandu becoming a center of trade?"
] | {
"text": [
"India and China"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14194 | 56f989259e9bad19000a0a53 | Brain | The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and treats diseases of the nervous system. The brain is also the most important organ studie... | What field of science studies the brain and the central nervous system? | What field of science studies the brain and the central nervous system? | [
"What field of science studies the brain and the central nervous system?"
] | {
"text": [
"neuroscience"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61470 | 572f51f5a23a5019007fc535 | Flowering_plant | Agriculture is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, which provide virtually all plant-based food, and also provide a significant amount of livestock feed. Of all the families of plants, the Poaceae, or grass family (grains), is by far the most important, providing the bulk of all feedstocks (rice, corn — maize, wh... | On what is agriculture almost completely dependent? | On what is agriculture almost completely dependent? | [
"On what is agriculture almost completely dependent?"
] | {
"text": [
"angiosperms"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8700 | 56e0a1d07aa994140058e671 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh... | During what span was there a famine in the Soviet Union? | During what span was there a famine in the Soviet Union? | [
"During what span was there a famine in the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"1932–1933"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106029 | 56e0fa807aa994140058e861 | Space_Race | Most of the novice pilots on the early missions would command the later missions. In this way, Project Gemini built up spaceflight experience for the pool of astronauts who would be chosen to fly the Apollo lunar missions. | Project Gemini helped recruit experienced people for which upcoming lunar missions? | Project Gemini helped recruit experienced people for which upcoming lunar missions? | [
"Project Gemini helped recruit experienced people for which upcoming lunar missions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Apollo"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90229 | 5727be6f3acd2414000deb3b | Tibet | The modern Standard Chinese exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region is Zangqu (Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse plus the addition of a Chinese suffix, 区 qū, which means "area, district, region, ward". Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where th... | During which dynasty was the term Xizang first used? | During which dynasty was the term Xizang first used? | [
"During which dynasty was the term Xizang first used?"
] | {
"text": [
"Qing"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81125 | 5ad17761645df0001a2d1d42 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that... | What year did the Queen and Albert sell Balmoral Castle? | What year did the Queen and Albert sell Balmoral Castle? | [
"What year did the Queen and Albert sell Balmoral Castle?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109967 | 5ad3f25f604f3c001a3ff8b4 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed ... | What method of execution did the Nebraska Supreme Court rule constitutional? | What method of execution did the Nebraska Supreme Court rule constitutional? | [
"What method of execution did the Nebraska Supreme Court rule constitutional?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99916 | 572a9bb9be1ee31400cb80bd | Guam | Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the mo... | What is the name of the largest mountain in Guam? | What is the name of the largest mountain in Guam? | [
"What is the name of the largest mountain in Guam?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mount Lamlam"
],
"answer_start": [
801
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55425 | 57265956f1498d1400e8dccc | Presbyterianism | Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominat... | In what year did the parliament of Scotland adopt the Scots Confession? | In what year did the parliament of Scotland adopt the Scots Confession? | [
"In what year did the parliament of Scotland adopt the Scots Confession?"
] | {
"text": [
"1560"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52519 | 57296497af94a219006aa375 | Planck_constant | The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons (called "photoelectrons") from a surface when light is shone on it. It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839, although credit is usually reserved for Heinrich Hertz, who published the first thorough investigation in 1887. Another particularly thor... | Einstein's paper on the photoelectric effect earned him the Nobel Prize in what year? | Einstein's paper on the photoelectric effect earned him the Nobel Prize in what year? | [
"Einstein's paper on the photoelectric effect earned him the Nobel Prize in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1921"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78170 | 57276ccff1498d1400e8f7c4 | Child_labour | Child labour is still common in many parts of the world. Estimates for child labour vary. It ranges between 250 and 304 million, if children aged 5–17 involved in any economic activity are counted. If light occasional work is excluded, ILO estimates there were 153 million child labourers aged 5–14 worldwide in 2008. Th... | Does child labour exist in the 21st century? | Does child labour exist in the 21st century? | [
"Does child labour exist in the 21st century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Child labour is still common"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39858 | 572772285951b619008f8a1f | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven lies in the transition between a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfa) and humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), but having more characteristics of the former, as is typical of much of the New York metropolitan area. Summers are humid and warm, with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 ... | New Haven's climate is largely analogous to what major adjoining metropolitan area? | New Haven's climate is largely analogous to what major adjoining metropolitan area? | [
"New Haven's climate is largely analogous to what major adjoining metropolitan area?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69148 | 5709b50eed30961900e8443d | Houston | Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine ma... | What did the decaying organics under the clay and sand deposits later form? | What did the decaying organics under the clay and sand deposits later form? | [
"What did the decaying organics under the clay and sand deposits later form?"
] | {
"text": [
"oil and natural gas"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110675 | 5730037bb2c2fd1400568739 | Iran | The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab cali... | What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs? | What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs? | [
"What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Byzantine-Sassanid Wars"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2787 | 5730130904bcaa1900d77119 | British_Isles | The Greco-Egyptian scientist Claudius Ptolemy referred to the larger island as great Britain (μεγάλης Βρεττανίας - megális Brettanias) and to Ireland as little Britain (μικρής Βρεττανίας - mikris Brettanias) in his work Almagest (147–148 AD). In his later work, Geography (c. 150 AD), he gave these islands the names Alw... | After the Romans conqured the British Isles what became the more common name for the country? | After the Romans conqured the British Isles what became the more common name for the country? | [
"After the Romans conqured the British Isles what became the more common name for the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Great Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85432 | 5a7a7a5b21c2de001afe9c57 | European_Central_Bank | This has led to public discussions if Greece, Portugal, and even Italy would be better off leaving the eurozone to regain economical and financial stability if they would not implement reforms to strengthen their competitiveness as part of the eurozone in time. Greece had the greatest need for reforms but also most pro... | What country is least financially stable? | What country is least financially stable? | [
"What country is least financially stable?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79696 | 5ad01c5d77cf76001a686a51 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Kievan Rus' also played an important genealogical role in European politics. Yaroslav the Wise, whose stepmother belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, the greatest one to rule Byzantium, married the only legitimate daughter of the king who Christianized Sweden. His daughters became queens of Hungary, France and Norway, h... | Whose stepmother did not belong to a Macedonian dynasty? | Whose stepmother did not belong to a Macedonian dynasty? | [
"Whose stepmother did not belong to a Macedonian dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36946 | 5725bc3989a1e219009abda9 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In March 2006, the foundation announced a US$5 million grant for the International Justice Mission (IJM), a human rights organization based in Washington, D.C., US to work in the area of sex trafficking. The official announcement explained that the grant would allow the IJM to "create a replicable model for combating s... | What did the office that ijm opened do specifically | What did the office that ijm opened do specifically | [
"What did the office that ijm opened do specifically "
] | {
"text": [
"conducting undercover investigations, training law enforcement, rescuing victims, ensuring appropriate aftercare, and seeking perpetrator accountability\"."
],
"answer_start": [
527
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16171 | 572ebda3c246551400ce45cd | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward soc... | Why did Gaddafi drop out of college? | Why did Gaddafi drop out of college? | [
"Why did Gaddafi drop out of college?"
] | {
"text": [
"to join the military"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105107 | 5a3eac175a76c5001a3a8436 | Palermo | The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). Th... | What has lunar observatory built in 1690? | What has lunar observatory built in 1690? | [
"What has lunar observatory built in 1690?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25116 | 56d10ab417492d1400aab7e4 | New_York_City | Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as "The Great White Way". According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of ticke... | What is the nickname of the Times Square Theater District? | What is the nickname of the Times Square Theater District? | [
"What is the nickname of the Times Square Theater District?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Great White Way"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19345 | 5727c7a7ff5b5019007d950f | Rule_of_law | The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in w... | What level of discretion do governments with a high degree of the "rule of law" have? | What level of discretion do governments with a high degree of the "rule of law" have? | [
"What level of discretion do governments with a high degree of the \"rule of law\" have?"
] | {
"text": [
"little"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6550 | 572827e6ff5b5019007d9e31 | PlayStation_3 | On March 1, 2010 (UTC), many of the original "fat" PlayStation 3 models worldwide were experiencing errors related to their internal system clock. The error had many symptoms. Initially, the main problem seemed to be the inability to connect to the PlayStation Network. However, the root cause of the problem was unrelat... | What essential network were some users unable to connect to because of the error? | What essential network were some users unable to connect to because of the error? | [
"What essential network were some users unable to connect to because of the error?"
] | {
"text": [
"PlayStation Network"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66977 | 5726acfcf1498d1400e8e6d7 | Nutrition | The first recorded nutritional experiment with human subjects is found in the Bible's Book of Daniel. Daniel and his friends were captured by the king of Babylon during an invasion of Israel. Selected as court servants, they were to share in the king's fine foods and wine. But they objected, preferring vegetables (puls... | How long did the trial diet last? | How long did the trial diet last? | [
"How long did the trial diet last?"
] | {
"text": [
"10 days"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85784 | 57112331b654c5140001fbb0 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The system's launch represented not only a new product, but also a reframing of the severely damaged home video game market segment as a whole. The video game market crash of 1983 had occurred in significant part due to a lack of consumer and retailer confidence in video games, which had in turn been due partially to c... | The crash was caused in part by the confusion and misrepresentation of what in video games? | The crash was caused in part by the confusion and misrepresentation of what in video games? | [
"The crash was caused in part by the confusion and misrepresentation of what in video games?"
] | {
"text": [
"marketing"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43110 | 5a85c600b4e223001a8e7217 | Poultry | Since their domestication, a large number of breeds of chickens have been established, but with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin. In about 1800, chickens began to be kept on a larger scale, and modern high-output poultry farms were present in the United Kingdom from around ... | What birds are castrated to increase aggression? | What birds are castrated to increase aggression? | [
"What birds are castrated to increase aggression?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30631 | 5ace3a7232bba1001ae49f71 | Appalachian_Mountains | As familiar as squirrels are the eastern cottontail rabbit (Silvilagus floridanus) and the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The latter in particular has greatly increased in abundance as a result of the extirpation of the eastern wolf (Canis lupus lycaon) and the North American cougar. This has led to the ov... | What kind of crops was the eastern wolf responsible for destroying? | What kind of crops was the eastern wolf responsible for destroying? | [
"What kind of crops was the eastern wolf responsible for destroying?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60225 | 5ace1dda32bba1001ae49b2a | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | In 2013, Washington University received a record 30,117 applications for a freshman class of 1,500 with an acceptance rate of 13.7%. More than 90% of incoming freshmen whose high schools ranked were ranked in the top 10% of their high school classes. In 2006, the university ranked fourth overall and second among privat... | What was Washington University's rank in 2006 for quality of life? | What was Washington University's rank in 2006 for quality of life? | [
"What was Washington University's rank in 2006 for quality of life?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5951 | 5ad01e0677cf76001a686a96 | Late_Middle_Ages | Modern historiography on the period has reached a consensus between the two extremes of innovation and crisis. It is now (generally) acknowledged that conditions were vastly different north and south of the Alps, and "Late Middle Ages" is often avoided entirely within Italian historiography. The term "Renaissance" is s... | What was the general effect of the Late Middle Ages on science? | What was the general effect of the Late Middle Ages on science? | [
"What was the general effect of the Late Middle Ages on science?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25059 | 56cffd56234ae51400d9c21d | New_York_City | The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital, the oldest public hospital in the United States. Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City. The president of HHC is Ramanathan ... | The public hospital that has been around the longest in the US is what? | The public hospital that has been around the longest in the US is what? | [
"The public hospital that has been around the longest in the US is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bellevue Hospital"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69406 | 570a8c674103511400d59849 | Houston | In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane, efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated. The following year, oil discovered at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt approved a ... | Where was oil found that promoted the development of the oil industry in Houston? | Where was oil found that promoted the development of the oil industry in Houston? | [
"Where was oil found that promoted the development of the oil industry in Houston?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spindletop"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64977 | 5ad12965645df0001a2d0ffe | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe. As of July 2012, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Agua Caliente Solar Project (USA, 247 MW), Charanka Solar Park (India, 214 MW), Golmud Solar Park (China, 200 MW), Perovo Solar Park (Russia 100 MW), Sarnia Photovol... | Where is Charanka Solar Field? | Where is Charanka Solar Field? | [
" Where is Charanka Solar Field?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65046 | 5ad1349b645df0001a2d1157 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Lester Brown states that the market "does not incorporate the indirect costs of providing goods or services into prices, it does not value nature's services adequately, and it does not respect the sustainable-yield thresholds of natural systems". It also favors the near term over the long term, thereby showing limited ... | Who said the market does incorporate the indirect costs? | Who said the market does incorporate the indirect costs? | [
"Who said the market does incorporate the indirect costs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17675 | 5ad22ce3d7d075001a428623 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Mendes revealed that production would begin on 8 December 2014 at Pinewood Studios, with filming taking seven months. Mendes also confirmed several filming locations, including London, Mexico City and Rome. Van Hoytema shot the film on Kodak 35 mm film stock. Early filming took place at Pinewood Studios, and around Lon... | Later filming took place at which studio? | Later filming took place at which studio? | [
"Later filming took place at which studio?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28566 | 5a0f455bdecec90018475546 | Canadian_football | The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada. Initially an amateur competition, it eventually became dominated by professional teams in the 1940s and early 1... | What was the last professional team to compete for the trophy? | What was the last professional team to compete for the trophy? | [
"What was the last professional team to compete for the trophy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70901 | 57321029e99e3014001e64be | Bird | The length and nature of parental care varies widely amongst different orders and species. At one extreme, parental care in megapodes ends at hatching; the newly hatched chick digs itself out of the nest mound without parental assistance and can fend for itself immediately. At the other extreme, many seabirds have exte... | What is the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is always present at the nest? | What is the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is always present at the nest? | [
"What is the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is always present at the nest?"
] | {
"text": [
"chick guard stage"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98610 | 57267ecb708984140094c7ff | Marvel_Comics | In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse. Lee agreed and wrote a three-part Spider-Man story portraying drug use as dangerous and unglamorous. However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Com... | What comic book series did stories related to this issue appear in? | What comic book series did stories related to this issue appear in? | [
"What comic book series did stories related to this issue appear in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spider-Man"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12002 | 5ad13e47645df0001a2d137c | Universal_Studios | Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of... | What year was My Invisible Man made? | What year was My Invisible Man made? | [
"What year was My Invisible Man made?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10716 | 56fdcbae19033b140034cd7d | Computer | Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the "father of the computer", he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navig... | During what century was the first mechanical computer invented by Charles Babbage? | During what century was the first mechanical computer invented by Charles Babbage? | [
"During what century was the first mechanical computer invented by Charles Babbage?"
] | {
"text": [
"early 19th century"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88460 | 56d966bbdc89441400fdb3ec | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Tanzania: Dar es Salaam was the torch's only stop in Africa, on April 13. The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese a... | Where was the only African destination for the torch? | Where was the only African destination for the torch? | [
"Where was the only African destination for the torch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dar es Salaam"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5427 | 572a2dee6aef051400155345 | Digimon | On August 17, 2011, Shueisha's V-Jump magazine announced a sequel set one year later, a third arc of Xros Wars subtitled The Young Hunters Who Leapt Through Time, which aired from October 2, 2011 to March 25, 2012, following on from the previous arc. It focuses on a new protagonist, Tagiru Akashi and his partner Gumdra... | What is the dimension called between the human world and digital world? | What is the dimension called between the human world and digital world? | [
"What is the dimension called between the human world and digital world?"
] | {
"text": [
"DigiQuartz"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10949 | 5733abaed058e614000b5fda | Anthropology | Waitz was influential among the British ethnologists. In 1863 the explorer Richard Francis Burton and the speech therapist James Hunt broke away from the Ethnological Society of London to form the Anthropological Society of London, which henceforward would follow the path of the new anthropology rather than just ethnol... | Who was Waitz influential among? | Who was Waitz influential among? | [
"Who was Waitz influential among?"
] | {
"text": [
"British ethnologists"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115556 | 59fb2121ee36d60018400d35 | England_national_football_team | In February 2012, Capello resigned from his role as England manager, following a disagreement with the FA over their request to remove John Terry from team captaincy after accusations of racial abuse concerning the player. Following this, there was media speculation that Harry Redknapp would take the job. However, on 1... | Who was the manager of Italy's team in 2012? | Who was the manager of Italy's team in 2012? | [
"Who was the manager of Italy's team in 2012?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67030 | 5726bc56708984140094cfa2 | Nutrition | Molecules of carbohydrates and fats consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates range from simple monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) to complex polysaccharides (starch). Fats are triglycerides, made of assorted fatty acid monomers bound to a glycerol backbone. Some fatty acids, but not all,... | If a carbohydrate is not a simple monosaccharide, what else could it be? | If a carbohydrate is not a simple monosaccharide, what else could it be? | [
"If a carbohydrate is not a simple monosaccharide, what else could it be?"
] | {
"text": [
"complex polysaccharides"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50875 | 572ebebbc246551400ce45df | Seven_Years%27_War | In early 1757, Frederick II again took the initiative by marching into the Kingdom of Bohemia, hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces. After winning the bloody Battle of Prague on 6 May 1757, in which both forces suffered major casualties, the Prussians forced the Austrians back into the fortifications ... | Why did Frederick reduce his manpower at Prague? | Why did Frederick reduce his manpower at Prague? | [
"Why did Frederick reduce his manpower at Prague?"
] | {
"text": [
"Frederick took 5,000 troops from the siege at Prague and sent them to reinforce the 19,000-man army under the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern at Kolin in Bohemia"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43713 | 56cf58f7aab44d1400b890b9 | Kanye_West | West is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 32 million albums and 100 million digital downloads worldwide. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time and the most Grammy-awarded artist of his age. Three of his albums rank on Rolling Ston... | What popular magazine placed Kanye on their annual list in 2005 and 2015? | What popular magazine placed Kanye on their annual list in 2005 and 2015? | [
"What popular magazine placed Kanye on their annual list in 2005 and 2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"Time"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59736 | 56f92c369b226e1400dd125e | Zhejiang | Zhejiang (help·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond whic... | What was Zhejiang formerly romanized as? | What was Zhejiang formerly romanized as? | [
"What was Zhejiang formerly romanized as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chekiang"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67403 | 570a01776d058f1900182c5f | Hanover | The Schnellweg (en: expressway) system, a number of Bundesstraße roads, forms a structure loosely resembling a large ring road together with A2 and A7. The roads are B 3, B 6 and B 65, called Westschnellweg (B6 on the northern part, B3 on the southern part), Messeschnellweg (B3, becomes A37 near Burgdorf, crosses A2, b... | What structure does the Schnellweg and a number of roads roughly form? | What structure does the Schnellweg and a number of roads roughly form? | [
"What structure does the Schnellweg and a number of roads roughly form?"
] | {
"text": [
"a large ring road"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82275 | 5a711c850efcfe001a8afd46 | Pesticide | The term "push-pull" was established in 1987 as an approach for integrated pest management (IPM). This strategy uses a mixture of behavior-modifying stimuli to manipulate the distribution and abundance of insects. "Push" means the insects are repelled or deterred away from whatever resource that is being protected. "Pu... | What is one thing that makes people want to buy products they don't need? | What is one thing that makes people want to buy products they don't need? | [
"What is one thing that makes people want to buy products they don't need?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89465 | 572f5af4947a6a140053c8b4 | The_Blitz | In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. Howeve... | How did Wever die? | How did Wever die? | [
"How did Wever die?"
] | {
"text": [
"air crash"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47295 | 5726f140f1498d1400e8f09a | Madonna_(entertainer) | Madonna's music has been the subject of much analysis and scrutiny. Robert M. Grant, author of Contemporary Strategy Analysis (2005), commented that what has brought Madonna success is "certainly not outstanding natural talent. As a vocalist, musician, dancer, songwriter, or actress, Madonna's talents seem modest." He ... | Whose music had been the subject of a lot of scrutiny? | Whose music had been the subject of a lot of scrutiny? | [
"Whose music had been the subject of a lot of scrutiny?"
] | {
"text": [
"Madonna's"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88885 | 5a2244e3819328001af38a6d | Circadian_rhythm | Studies conducted on both animals and humans show major bidirectional relationships between the circadian system and abusive drugs. It is indicated that these abusive drugs affect the central circadian pacemaker. Individuals suffering from substance abuse display disrupted rhythms. These disrupted rhythms can increase ... | What studies show a minor relationship between the circadian system and drug abuse? | What studies show a minor relationship between the circadian system and drug abuse? | [
"What studies show a minor relationship between the circadian system and drug abuse?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81337 | 5723febc0a492a19004355d9 | Queen_Victoria | By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite... | What year did Leopold become King of the Belgians? | What year did Leopold become King of the Belgians? | [
"What year did Leopold become King of the Belgians?"
] | {
"text": [
"1831"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43389 | 5726298838643c19005ad217 | Korean_War | On 23 September 1946, an 8,000-strong railroad worker strike began in Pusan. Civil disorder spread throughout the country in what became known as the Autumn uprising. On 1 October 1946, Korean police killed three students in the Daegu Uprising; protesters counter-attacked, killing 38 policemen. On 3 October, some 10,00... | How many people attacked the Yeongcheon police station? | How many people attacked the Yeongcheon police station? | [
"How many people attacked the Yeongcheon police station?"
] | {
"text": [
"10,000"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113160 | 570ddf530b85d914000d7b88 | Adolescence | Changes in secondary sex characteristics include every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction. In males, these changes involve appearance of pubic, facial, and body hair, deepening of the voice, roughening of the skin around the upper arms and thighs, and increased development of the sweat glands. I... | How many Tanner stages are there? | How many Tanner stages are there? | [
"How many Tanner stages are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16086 | 572eb947dfa6aa1500f8d323 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The son of an impoverished Bedouin goat herder, Gaddafi became involved in politics while at school in Sabha, subsequently enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Founding a revolutionary cell within the military, in 1969 they seized power from the absolute monarchy of King Idris in a bloodless coup. Becomin... | Describe the Popular Revolution. | Describe the Popular Revolution. | [
"Describe the Popular Revolution."
] | {
"text": [
"formation of General People's Committees (GPCs), purported to be a system of direct democracy, but retained personal control over major decisions"
],
"answer_start": [
939
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107573 | 5a629334f8d794001af1c103 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | In the 1990s, protesters criticised the company's environmental record, particularly the possible pollution caused by the proposed disposal of the Brent Spar platform into the North Sea. Despite support from the UK government, Shell reversed the decision under public pressure but maintained that sinking the platform wo... | What government opposed the Brent Spar platform? | What government opposed the Brent Spar platform? | [
"What government opposed the Brent Spar platform?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74209 | 5acfb16777cf76001a6858cc | Architecture | Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria... | What is an example of Domestic Style? | What is an example of Domestic Style? | [
" What is an example of Domestic Style?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103308 | 571de7edb64a571400c71de7 | Multiracial_American | Some multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the instruction to "check only one." ... | How many racial choices are there on standardized tests? | How many racial choices are there on standardized tests? | [
"How many racial choices are there on standardized tests?"
] | {
"text": [
"Typically, about five race choices"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96216 | 5728d235ff5b5019007da75b | Paris | Most French rulers since the Middle Ages made a point of leaving their mark on a city that, contrary to many other of the world's capitals, has never been destroyed by catastrophe or war. In modernising its infrastructure through the centuries, Paris has preserved even its earliest history in its street map.[citation n... | Which two islands remain in Paris today? | Which two islands remain in Paris today? | [
"Which two islands remain in Paris today?"
] | {
"text": [
"île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112488 | 5acec7dd32bba1001ae4b3ca | United_States_Army | The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to fo... | In what year were corps V and corps VII disbanded? | In what year were corps V and corps VII disbanded? | [
"In what year were corps V and corps VII disbanded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83134 | 56ded2bbc65bf219000b3d55 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger's net worth had been conservatively estimated at $100–$200 million. After separating from his wife, Maria Shriver, in 2011, it has been estimated that his net worth has been approximately $400 million, and even as high as $800 million, based on tax returns he filed in 2006. Over the years as an investor,... | In what year did Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver separate? | In what year did Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver separate? | [
"In what year did Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver separate?"
] | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
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