gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-24478 | 56dfa58d7aa994140058df80 | Lighting | Analysis of lighting quality particularly emphasizes use of natural lighting, but also considers spectral content if artificial light is to be used. Not only will greater reliance on natural light reduce energy consumption, but will favorably impact human health and performance. New studies have shown that the performa... | What happens to the natural carcidan cycle when light-dark patterns are disrupted? | What happens to the natural carcidan cycle when light-dark patterns are disrupted? | [
"What happens to the natural carcidan cycle when light-dark patterns are disrupted?"
] | {
"text": [
"disrupt the natural circadian cycle"
],
"answer_start": [
918
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88202 | 572c0bcb750c471900ed4c93 | God | Prayer plays a significant role among many believers. Muslims believe that the purpose of existence is to worship God. He is viewed as a personal God and there are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God. Prayer often also includes supplication and asking forgiveness. God is often believed to be forgiving. Fo... | What does prayer usually include in Islam? | What does prayer usually include in Islam? | [
"What does prayer usually include in Islam?"
] | {
"text": [
"forgiveness"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16022 | 5a83143fe60761001a2eb380 | Infection | When infection attacks the body, anti-infective drugs can suppress the infection. Several broad types of anti-infective drugs exist, depending on the type of organism targeted; they include antibacterial (antibiotic; including antitubercular), antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic (including antiprotozoal and antihel... | How many broad types of anti-infective drugs no longer exist? | How many broad types of anti-infective drugs no longer exist? | [
"How many broad types of anti-infective drugs no longer exist?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104679 | 5733399bd058e614000b5797 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdings—the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe—testified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scar... | Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer? | Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer? | [
"Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer?"
] | {
"text": [
"28%"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2642 | 56d28d3d59d6e4140014609a | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western Europe... | How many Buddhists were there in 1910? | How many Buddhists were there in 1910? | [
"How many Buddhists were there in 1910?"
] | {
"text": [
"138 million"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44214 | 5731dff4e99e3014001e638d | Bras%C3%ADlia | After a visit to Brasília, the French writer Simone de Beauvoir complained that all of its superquadras exuded "the same air of elegant monotony," and other observers have equated the city's large open lawns, plazas, and fields to wastelands. As the city has matured, some of these have gained adornments, and many have ... | What nationality was de Beauvoir? | What nationality was de Beauvoir? | [
"What nationality was de Beauvoir?"
] | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74687 | 570e53690b85d914000d7e3b | Melbourne | Melbourne is experiencing high population growth, generating high demand for housing. This housing boom has increased house prices and rents, as well as the availability of all types of housing. Subdivision regularly occurs in the outer areas of Melbourne, with numerous developers offering house and land packages. Howe... | What is generating high demand for housing in Melbourne? | What is generating high demand for housing in Melbourne? | [
"What is generating high demand for housing in Melbourne?"
] | {
"text": [
"high population growth"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44338 | 5a2f0868a83784001a7d2659 | Bras%C3%ADlia | In the original city plan, the interstate buses should also stop at the Central Station. Because of the growth of Brasília (and corresponding growth in the bus fleet), today the interstate buses leave from the older interstate station (called Rodoferroviária), located at the western end of the Eixo Monumental. The Cent... | What is only used to leave the Eixo Monumental? | What is only used to leave the Eixo Monumental? | [
"What is only used to leave the Eixo Monumental?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30993 | 5726cb515951b619008f7e4b | Mexico_City | The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% ... | What university is the largest of the continent? | What university is the largest of the continent? | [
"What university is the largest of the continent?"
] | {
"text": [
"The National Autonomous University of Mexico"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17039 | 5725d10a89a1e219009abf40 | Israel | Israel's diverse culture stems from the diversity of its population: Jews from diaspora communities around the world have brought their cultural and religious traditions back with them, creating a melting pot of Jewish customs and beliefs. Israel is the only country in the world where life revolves around the Hebrew ca... | Where does Israel's diverse culture stem from? | Where does Israel's diverse culture stem from? | [
"Where does Israel's diverse culture stem from?"
] | {
"text": [
"diversity of its population"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92438 | 5730e777aca1c71400fe5b47 | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. War Department created the first antecedent of the U.S. Air Force in 1907, which through a succession of changes of organization, titles, and missions advanced toward eventual separation 40 years later. In World War II, almost 68,000 U.S airmen died helping to win the war; only the infantry suffered more enlis... | How many causalities did the US Air Force suffer during WWII? | How many causalities did the US Air Force suffer during WWII? | [
"How many causalities did the US Air Force suffer during WWII? "
] | {
"text": [
"68,000"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6354 | 5ad33dba604f3c001a3fdb9c | PlayStation_3 | The console was originally planned for a global release through November, but at the start of September the release in Europe and the rest of the world was delayed until March. With it being a somewhat last-minute delay, some companies had taken deposits for pre-orders, at which Sony informed customers that they were e... | What did customers in Singapore pay for the 60 GB PS2? | What did customers in Singapore pay for the 60 GB PS2? | [
"What did customers in Singapore pay for the 60 GB PS2?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61382 | 572f45a004bcaa1900d76805 | Flowering_plant | The internal classification of this group has undergone considerable revision. The Cronquist system, proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1968 and published in its full form in 1981, is still widely used but is no longer believed to accurately reflect phylogeny. A consensus about how the flowering plants should be arranged ... | What internal component has undergone considerable revision? | What internal component has undergone considerable revision? | [
"What internal component has undergone considerable revision?"
] | {
"text": [
"classification"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16845 | 5725b8e6271a42140099d0b0 | Israel | The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War; Contingents from Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan joined the war. The apparent purpose of the invasion was to prevent the establishment of... | When was the Arab-Israeli War launched? | When was the Arab-Israeli War launched? | [
"When was the Arab-Israeli War launched?"
] | {
"text": [
"1948"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91144 | 5726b5a9f1498d1400e8e857 | Avicenna | Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and dev... | What is one example of the type of translations done in the Islamic Golden Age? | What is one example of the type of translations done in the Islamic Golden Age? | [
"What is one example of the type of translations done in the Islamic Golden Age?"
] | {
"text": [
"Persian"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45120 | 56df25da3277331400b4d9af | Sony_Music_Entertainment | On August 5, 2008, SCA and Bertelsmann announced that Sony had agreed to acquire Bertelsmann's 50% stake in Sony BMG. Sony completed its acquisition of Bertelsmann's 50% stake in the companies' joint venture on October 1, 2008. The company, once again named Sony Music Entertainment Inc., became a wholly owned subsidiar... | In what year did Sony take BMG's half stake in the company? | In what year did Sony take BMG's half stake in the company? | [
"In what year did Sony take BMG's half stake in the company?"
] | {
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17772 | 5ad2407bd7d075001a428936 | Spectre_(2015_film) | In September 2015 it was announced that Sam Smith and regular collaborator Jimmy Napes had written the film's title theme, "Writing's on the Wall", with Smith performing it for the film. Smith said the song came together in one session and that he and Napes wrote it in under half an hour before recording a demo. Satisf... | What was announced in September 2005? | What was announced in September 2005? | [
"What was announced in September 2005?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12515 | 5733d6e64776f41900661328 | Antibiotics | Phage therapy is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria. The way that researchers are doing this is by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, also known simply as phages, are precisely bacterial viruses that i... | What has been talked about to treat resistant bacteria? | What has been talked about to treat resistant bacteria? | [
"What has been talked about to treat resistant bacteria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Phage therapy"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106669 | 5a8463787cf838001a46a7d4 | East_India_Company | With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britai... | What type of material became unavailable as a result of the Industrial Revolution? | What type of material became unavailable as a result of the Industrial Revolution? | [
"What type of material became unavailable as a result of the Industrial Revolution?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111821 | 57276da85951b619008f89b9 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It... | When was the Origin of Species published? | When was the Origin of Species published? | [
"When was the Origin of Species published?"
] | {
"text": [
"24 November 1859"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21919 | 570ac50b4103511400d599bd | Aircraft_carrier | Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear-powered warships that carry dozens of aircraft, including fighter jets and helicopters. As of 3 March 2016, there are thirty-seven active aircraft carriers in the world within twelve navies.... | As of 3/3/2016, how many active aircraft carriers are there worldwide? | As of 3/3/2016, how many active aircraft carriers are there worldwide? | [
"As of 3/3/2016, how many active aircraft carriers are there worldwide?"
] | {
"text": [
"thirty-seven"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49652 | 570d6de5fed7b91900d460bb | Valencia | Faced with this loss of business, Valencia suffered a severe economic crisis. This manifested early in 1519–1523 when the artisan guilds known as the Germanies revolted against the government of the Habsburg king Charles I in Valencia, now part of the Crown of Aragon, with most of the fighting done in 1521. The revolt ... | What were the artisan guilds called? | What were the artisan guilds called? | [
"What were the artisan guilds called?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Germanies"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66676 | 57277a72708984140094deb1 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | This liberalization, however, fostered nationalist movements and ethnic disputes within the Soviet Union. It also led indirectly to the revolutions of 1989, in which Soviet-imposed communist regimes of the Warsaw Pact were peacefully toppled (Romania excepted), which in turn increased pressure on Gorbachev to introduce... | What were some of the downsides of the more liberal Soviet Union? | What were some of the downsides of the more liberal Soviet Union? | [
"What were some of the downsides of the more liberal Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"nationalist movements and ethnic disputes"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18915 | 5ad0ccde645df0001a2d03b6 | Premier_League | The Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs. Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a chairman, chief executive, and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the lea... | By how many member clubs are the shareholders owned? | By how many member clubs are the shareholders owned? | [
"By how many member clubs are the shareholders owned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27179 | 5a578ab5770dc0001aeefc76 | Orthodox_Judaism | The roots of Orthodox Judaism can be traced to the late 18th or early 19th century, when elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice in the early 19th century in response to the Age of Enlightenment, Jewish Emancipation, and Haskalah. They sought to modernize education in light of contempor... | Which century can the roots of Orthodox Judaism trace back to? | Which century can the roots of Orthodox Judaism trace back to? | [
"Which century can the roots of Orthodox Judaism trace back to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31479 | 5a63f0067f3c80001a150ba3 | Germans | According to the latest nationwide census, Roman Catholics constituted 30.8% of the total population of Germany, followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3%. Other religions, atheists or not specified constituted 38.8% of the population at the time. Among "others" are Protestants not included in Evangelical Church... | What German city is predominately Catholic? | What German city is predominately Catholic? | [
"What German city is predominately Catholic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87127 | 5a1f6cbe54a786001a36b2b4 | Videoconferencing | One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other... | Where were universities able to communicate with each other at the fair? | Where were universities able to communicate with each other at the fair? | [
"Where were universities able to communicate with each other at the fair?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26605 | 57319d4eb9d445190005e409 | University | Universities created by bilateral or multilateral treaties between states are intergovernmental. An example is the Academy of European Law, which offers training in European law to lawyers, judges, barristers, solicitors, in-house counsel and academics. EUCLID (Pôle Universitaire Euclide, Euclid University) is chartere... | What is a mission of EUCLID as it relates to signatory nations? | What is a mission of EUCLID as it relates to signatory nations? | [
"What is a mission of EUCLID as it relates to signatory nations?"
] | {
"text": [
"sustainable development"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83635 | 572659745951b619008f704a | Florida | The British divided Florida into the two colonies of British East Florida and British West Florida. The British government gave land grants to officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement. In order to induce settlers to move to the two new colonies reports of the na... | The first Permanent Colony in Florida is Now known as | The first Permanent Colony in Florida is Now known as | [
"The first Permanent Colony in Florida is Now known as "
] | {
"text": [
"what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County"
],
"answer_start": [
667
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73367 | 56db221be7c41114004b4de1 | American_Idol | There were 13 finalists this season, but two were eliminated in the first result show of the finals. A new feature introduced was the "Judges' Save", and Matt Giraud was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges when he received the fewest votes. The next week, Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai were eliminated. | Which contestant was saved with the first Judges' Save? | Which contestant was saved with the first Judges' Save? | [
"Which contestant was saved with the first Judges' Save?"
] | {
"text": [
"Matt Giraud"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31115 | 5a1476c4c8eab200188dca47 | Identity_(social_science) | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | What identity status emerged very early on? | What identity status emerged very early on? | [
"What identity status emerged very early on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71447 | 5727df132ca10214002d986f | Oklahoma | Norman plays host to the Norman Music Festival, a festival that highlights native Oklahoma bands and musicians. Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma's first medieval fair. The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma camp... | Where was Oklahoma's first medieval fair? | Where was Oklahoma's first medieval fair? | [
"Where was Oklahoma's first medieval fair?"
] | {
"text": [
"Norman"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60462 | 57273d3cdd62a815002e99f1 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. The town became a regional transportation hub in 1839 with the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad, and a north—south railway connecting Ann Arbor to Toledo and other market... | Which town became the regional transport hub in 1878? | Which town became the regional transport hub in 1878? | [
"Which town became the regional transport hub in 1878?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ann Arbor"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60359 | 572ffe3504bcaa1900d76fd4 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, established in 1881, is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country. The collection includes works from 19th, 20th, and 21st century American and European artists, including George Caleb Bingham, Thomas Cole, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Alexander Calder, Jackson Pollock, Rembrand... | Who designed the new location of the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum? | Who designed the new location of the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum? | [
"Who designed the new location of the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fumihiko Maki"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15901 | 5a830244e60761001a2eb2f1 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What can samples obtained from patients be viewed by from far away? | What can samples obtained from patients be viewed by from far away? | [
"What can samples obtained from patients be viewed by from far away?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102177 | 5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb19 | High-definition_television | The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than N... | What is the Chinese Broadcasting Corporation called? | What is the Chinese Broadcasting Corporation called? | [
" What is the Chinese Broadcasting Corporation called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48051 | 5726f6845951b619008f8380 | Napoleon | Widespread rumors of Napoleon's return from St. Helena and Napoleon as an inspiration for patriotism, individual and collective liberties, and political mobilization manifested themselves in seditious materials, displaying the tricolor and rosettes. There were also subversive activities celebrating anniversaries of Nap... | Seditious material distributed by Napoleon's followers often displayed the tricolor, and what other design? | Seditious material distributed by Napoleon's followers often displayed the tricolor, and what other design? | [
"Seditious material distributed by Napoleon's followers often displayed the tricolor, and what other design?"
] | {
"text": [
"rosettes"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97001 | 5a21dad08a6e4f001aa08f95 | Canon_law | Currently, (2004), there are principles of canon law common to the churches within the Anglican Communion; their existence can be factually established; each province or church contributes through its own legal system to the principles of canon law common within the Communion; these principles have a strong persuasive ... | What does having individual principle show? | What does having individual principle show? | [
"What does having individual principle show?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90201 | 5acfd3c877cf76001a68621a | Tibet | The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century, but with the fall of the empire the region soon divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet (Ü-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations; these governments were... | After what battle did Tibet fall under Mongol leadership? | After what battle did Tibet fall under Mongol leadership? | [
"After what battle did Tibet fall under Mongol leadership?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7792 | 5a18e8519aa02b0018605f21 | Iranian_languages | Middle Persian (Pahlavi) was the official language under the Sasanian dynasty in Iran. It was in use from the 3rd century CE until the beginning of the 10th century. The script used for Middle Persian in this era underwent significant maturity. Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian were also used as literary languages b... | Latin and Chinese writing were similar to what texts? | Latin and Chinese writing were similar to what texts? | [
"Latin and Chinese writing were similar to what texts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56026 | 56e79e5c37bdd419002c425d | Arena_Football_League | Because of the sudden loss of the New Orleans franchise, the league announced in October that the beginning of the free agency period would be delayed in order to accommodate a dispersal draft. Dates were eventually announced as December 2 for the dispersal draft and December 4 for free agency, but shortly before the d... | On what date was the dispersal draft first scheduled to occur? | On what date was the dispersal draft first scheduled to occur? | [
"On what date was the dispersal draft first scheduled to occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 2"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81582 | 57060d1275f01819005e78fe | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | What year was the Great Atlantic Hurricane? | What year was the Great Atlantic Hurricane? | [
"What year was the Great Atlantic Hurricane?"
] | {
"text": [
"1944"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10407 | 5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4e | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour.... | Which strip had a good deal of success as a news article? | Which strip had a good deal of success as a news article? | [
"Which strip had a good deal of success as a news article?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31082 | 5a146b51c8eab200188dca2f | Identity_(social_science) | The inclusiveness of Weinreich's definition (above) directs attention to the totality of one's identity at a given phase in time, and assists in elucidating component aspects of one's total identity, such as one's gender identity, ethnic identity, occupational identity and so on. The definition readily applies to the y... | What are the parts of one's family identity? | What are the parts of one's family identity? | [
"What are the parts of one's family identity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35465 | 5726bf8f5951b619008f7d1b | Gothic_architecture | Above the main portal there is generally a large window, like that at York Minster, or a group of windows such as those at Ripon Cathedral. In France there is generally a rose window like that at Reims Cathedral. Rose windows are also often found in the façades of churches of Spain and Italy, but are rarer elsewhere an... | Where are rose windows never found in the facades of cathedrals? | Where are rose windows never found in the facades of cathedrals? | [
"Where are rose windows never found in the facades of cathedrals?"
] | {
"text": [
"any English Cathedrals"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108456 | 56e0769d7aa994140058e514 | Aspirated_consonant | Some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript ⟨◌̤⟩ to murmured sonorants, such as vowels and nasals, which are murmured throughout their duration, and use the superscript hook-aitch ⟨◌ʱ⟩ for the breathy-voiced release of obstruents. | What are, according to the text, murmured for their duration? | What are, according to the text, murmured for their duration? | [
"What are, according to the text, murmured for their duration?"
] | {
"text": [
"vowels and nasals"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90136 | 5726b5ea5951b619008f7b77 | Somerset | The usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation. The 19th century also saw the construction of railways to and through Somerset. The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies: the Great Western Railway (GWR); a branch of the Midland Railway (MR) to Bat... | What railways lines are still in use today | What railways lines are still in use today | [
"What railways lines are still in use today "
] | {
"text": [
"The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8575 | 5acdf98032bba1001ae49921 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L... | Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR reject on the west? | Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR reject on the west? | [
"Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR reject on the west?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96268 | 5728e35a2ca10214002daa35 | Paris | The second-largest business district in terms of employment is La Défense, just west of the city, where many companies installed their offices in the 1990s. In 2010 it was the workplace of 144,600 employees, of whom 38 percent worked in finance and insurance, 16 percent in business support services. Two other important... | What percentage of people worked in business support? | What percentage of people worked in business support? | [
"What percentage of people worked in business support?"
] | {
"text": [
"16"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23854 | 5acfc2d877cf76001a685d6c | Federalism | Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; ... | What doesn't federalist paper no. 93 contain? | What doesn't federalist paper no. 93 contain? | [
"What doesn't federalist paper no. 93 contain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48571 | 572846aa4b864d1900164895 | War_on_Terror | Following the ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended) in the 1991 Gulf War, the United States and its allies instituted and began patrolling Iraqi no-fly zones, to protect Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population—both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after t... | How did the first Gulf War end? | How did the first Gulf War end? | [
"How did the first Gulf War end?"
] | {
"text": [
"ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended)"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75649 | 5acfd11077cf76001a686189 | Cubism | A significant modification of Cubism between 1914 and 1916 was signaled by a shift towards a strong emphasis on large overlapping geometric planes and flat surface activity. This grouping of styles of painting and sculpture, especially significant between 1917 and 1920, was practiced by several artists; particularly th... | What was the last time period that a significant change did not happen in Cubism? | What was the last time period that a significant change did not happen in Cubism? | [
"What was the last time period that a significant change did not happen in Cubism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66564 | 5acebc9e32bba1001ae4b259 | Brigham_Young_University | BYU's stated mission "is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life." BYU is thus considered by its leaders to be at heart a religious institution, wherein, ideally, religious and secular education are interwoven in a way that encourages the highest standards in both areas. This weaving of the... | What is BUY's stated mission? | What is BUY's stated mission? | [
"What is BUY's stated mission?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39220 | 5731f0f0b9d445190005e6cb | Protestantism | Methodism identifies principally with the theology of John Wesley—an Anglican priest and evangelist. This evangelical movement originated as a revival within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate Church following Wesley's death. Because of vigorous missionary activity, the movement spread throughout ... | What was John Wesley's occupation? | What was John Wesley's occupation? | [
"What was John Wesley's occupation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anglican priest"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113670 | 572f508fa23a5019007fc524 | Central_Intelligence_Agency | Details of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend "un-vouchered" government money. The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelli... | What was the 2013 annual budget for the CIA's HUMINT? | What was the 2013 annual budget for the CIA's HUMINT? | [
"What was the 2013 annual budget for the CIA's HUMINT?"
] | {
"text": [
"$2.3 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68306 | 5a368e4b95360f001af1b281 | George_VI | During George's reign the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated. The parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the country's constitution on the day of his accession. From 1939, the Empire and Commonwealth, except Ireland, was ... | What was India before becoming a republic? | What was India before becoming a republic? | [
"What was India before becoming a republic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68027 | 5ad41d55604f3c001a4005cb | Charleston,_South_Carolina | By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the ... | What revolution made blacks fearful of retribution of slaves? | What revolution made blacks fearful of retribution of slaves? | [
"What revolution made blacks fearful of retribution of slaves?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83764 | 57266c865951b619008f7253 | Florida | As of 2010, those of Hispanic or Latino ancestry ancestry accounted for 22.5% (4,223,806) of Florida's population. Out of the 22.5%, the largest groups were 6.5% (1,213,438) Cuban, 4.5% (847,550) Puerto Rican, 3.3% (629,718) Mexican, and 1.6% (300,414) Colombian. Florida's Hispanic population includes large communities... | What percentage of Cuban Americans live in Florida | What percentage of Cuban Americans live in Florida | [
"What percentage of Cuban Americans live in Florida "
] | {
"text": [
"Nearly 80% of Cuban Americans live in Florida, especially South Florida"
],
"answer_start": [
719
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99674 | 56fb7af18ddada1400cd6446 | Middle_Ages | Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they we... | In what centuries did a Jewish community develop in England? | In what centuries did a Jewish community develop in England? | [
"In what centuries did a Jewish community develop in England?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 11th and 12th"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97436 | 56d3af3e2ccc5a1400d82e41 | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year. Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843. In 1844 he wrote only the Op. 58 sonata. 1845 saw the completion of three mazurkas (Op. 59). Although these works were more ... | How many works did Chopin write in 1842? | How many works did Chopin write in 1842? | [
"How many works did Chopin write in 1842?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48446 | 572842b53acd2414000df7f1 | War_on_Terror | The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Repu... | Which war gave birth to al-Qaeda? | Which war gave birth to al-Qaeda? | [
"Which war gave birth to al-Qaeda?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Soviet war in Afghanistan"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72796 | 5ad36b52604f3c001a3fe15a | Dell | Dell committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its global activities by 40% by 2015, with 2008 fiscal year as the baseline year. It is listed in Greenpeace’s Guide to Greener Electronics that scores leading electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, climate and energy and how green... | What year did Dell rank 1st for product greenness? | What year did Dell rank 1st for product greenness? | [
"What year did Dell rank 1st for product greenness?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57851 | 5ad40ec3604f3c001a400129 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | Affirmative action is a subject of controversy. Some policies adopted as affirmative action, such as racial quotas or gender quotas for collegiate admission, have been criticized as a form of reverse discrimination, and such implementation of affirmative action has been ruled unconstitutional by the majority opinion of... | What do critics of affirmative action believe should not be the main factor in hiring? | What do critics of affirmative action believe should not be the main factor in hiring? | [
"What do critics of affirmative action believe should not be the main factor in hiring?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13032 | 5ad013da77cf76001a6868ef | Republic_of_the_Congo | In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels. | When were many privately run forms of media being destroyed? | When were many privately run forms of media being destroyed? | [
"When were many privately run forms of media being destroyed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81985 | 572aa3fcbe1ee31400cb8100 | Royal_assent | The Clerk of the Parliaments, an official of the House of Lords, traditionally states a formula in Anglo-Norman Law French, indicating the sovereign's decision. The granting of royal assent to a supply bill is indicated with the words "La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult", tra... | What phrase is used to announce a withheld assent? | What phrase is used to announce a withheld assent? | [
"What phrase is used to announce a withheld assent?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"La Reyne s'avisera\""
],
"answer_start": [
673
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103246 | 571de2575569731900639088 | Multiracial_American | Some Europeans living among Indigenous Americans were called "white Indians". They "lived in native communities for years, learned native languages fluently, attended native councils, and often fought alongside their native companions." More numerous and typical were traders and trappers, who married Indigenous America... | Who lived in native communities, speaking the language and participating in the affairs of tribes? | Who lived in native communities, speaking the language and participating in the affairs of tribes? | [
"Who lived in native communities, speaking the language and participating in the affairs of tribes?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"white Indians\""
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-435 | 56f9608b9b226e1400dd13e2 | Marshall_Islands | The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution. Elections are held every four years in universal suffrage (for all citizens above 18), with each of the twenty-four constituencies (see below) electing one or more representatives (senators)... | When was the most recent constitution of the Marshall Islands adopted? | When was the most recent constitution of the Marshall Islands adopted? | [
"When was the most recent constitution of the Marshall Islands adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"1979"
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15476 | 5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e1b | Black_people | Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa... | How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18? | How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18? | [
"How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18?"
] | {
"text": [
"an estimated 30,000"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90604 | 5731cd5be17f3d1400422425 | Pacific_War | From as early as 1935 Japanese military strategists had concluded the Dutch East Indies were, because of their oil reserves, of considerable importance to Japan. By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indo-China, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese... | By what year did Japanese strategists expand their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere? | By what year did Japanese strategists expand their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere? | [
"By what year did Japanese strategists expand their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?"
] | {
"text": [
"1940"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57233 | 5a54183abdaabd001a386835 | Muslim_world | The best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sanskrit, Persian, and lat... | What language was One Thousand and One Nights translated to in the 1800's? | What language was One Thousand and One Nights translated to in the 1800's? | [
"What language was One Thousand and One Nights translated to in the 1800's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81623 | 57061add52bb8914006898b2 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that... | How long did Prohibition last? | How long did Prohibition last? | [
"How long did Prohibition last?"
] | {
"text": [
"until 1933"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54331 | 5ad2d589d7d075001a42a3f4 | Christian | The earliest occurrences of the term in non-Christian literature include Josephus, referring to "the tribe of Christians, so named from him;" Pliny the Younger in correspondence with Trajan; and Tacitus, writing near the end of the 1st century. In the Annals he relates that "by vulgar appellation [they were] commonly c... | Pliny the Younger was said to be the scapegoat of who? | Pliny the Younger was said to be the scapegoat of who? | [
"Pliny the Younger was said to be the scapegoat of who?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2067 | 570b5cafec8fbc190045b9a6 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Starting in 1940 (18 months before Pearl Harbor), the nation mobilized, giving high priority to air power. American involvement in World War II in 1940–41 was limited to providing war material and financial support to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China. The U.S. entered officially on 8 December 1941 f... | What event led to America entering the war? | What event led to America entering the war? | [
"What event led to America entering the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36700 | 5a848ca67cf838001a46a90a | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | From an institutional perspective, the rules of the House assign a number of specific responsibilities to the minority leader. For example, Rule XII, clause 6, grant the minority leader (or his designee) the right to offer a motion to recommit with instructions; Rule II, clause 6, states the Inspector General shall be ... | Who are able to appoint individuals to the House according to Rule II, clause 6? | Who are able to appoint individuals to the House according to Rule II, clause 6? | [
"Who are able to appoint individuals to the House according to Rule II, clause 6?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17855 | 56ceebf8aab44d1400b88cbb | Spectre_(2015_film) | In the United States and Canada, the film opened on 6 November 2015, and in its opening weekend, was originally projected to gross $70–75 million from 3,927 screens, the widest release for a Bond film. However, after grossing $5.25 million from its early Thursday night showings and $28 million on its opening day, weeke... | How many Imax screens showed Spectre on its opening weekend in the US and Canada? | How many Imax screens showed Spectre on its opening weekend in the US and Canada? | [
"How many Imax screens showed Spectre on its opening weekend in the US and Canada?"
] | {
"text": [
"374"
],
"answer_start": [
613
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67757 | 5a81c6d231013a001a334e9a | Norfolk_Island | Non-Australian citizens who are Australian permanent residents should be aware that during their stay on Norfolk Island they are "outside of Australia" for the purposes of the Migration Act. This means that not only will they need a still-valid migrant visa or Resident return visa to return from Norfolk Island to the m... | What island is no longer considered part of Australia? | What island is no longer considered part of Australia? | [
"What island is no longer considered part of Australia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22639 | 5a124e006614be00188f24d5 | Exhibition_game | The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team ... | Which founder of the flying fathers was once an AHL player? | Which founder of the flying fathers was once an AHL player? | [
"Which founder of the flying fathers was once an AHL player?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71810 | 5726e1755951b619008f8140 | Capacitor | In October 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist of Pomerania, Germany, found that charge could be stored by connecting a high-voltage electrostatic generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand-held glass jar. Von Kleist's hand and the water acted as conductors, and the jar as a dielectric (although details of the mechani... | Besides the scientist's hand, what other component of the experiment in which the basic properties of capacitors were discovered acted as the second conductor? | Besides the scientist's hand, what other component of the experiment in which the basic properties of capacitors were discovered acted as the second conductor? | [
"Besides the scientist's hand, what other component of the experiment in which the basic properties of capacitors were discovered acted as the second conductor?"
] | {
"text": [
"the water acted as conductors"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9784 | 5727f0053acd2414000df035 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry. Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy. From his readings, Nasser, w... | Why was Nasser rejected from the Academy? | Why was Nasser rejected from the Academy? | [
"Why was Nasser rejected from the Academy?"
] | {
"text": [
"record of anti-government protest"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105421 | 572831f64b864d19001646ea | History_of_science | The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study. In that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research (in Leipzig). Other important early co... | What was Ivan Pavlov known for? | What was Ivan Pavlov known for? | [
"What was Ivan Pavlov known for?"
] | {
"text": [
"classical conditioning"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83632 | 572659745951b619008f7047 | Florida | The British divided Florida into the two colonies of British East Florida and British West Florida. The British government gave land grants to officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement. In order to induce settlers to move to the two new colonies reports of the na... | What were the names of the 2 British colony's in Florida | What were the names of the 2 British colony's in Florida | [
"What were the names of the 2 British colony's in Florida "
] | {
"text": [
"British East Florida and British West Florida"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8244 | 57265d84dd62a815002e82cb | Thuringia | Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; th... | Who led the unification of Germany in 1871? | Who led the unification of Germany in 1871? | [
"Who led the unification of Germany in 1871?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prussian-led"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44655 | 56f88b90aef2371900626167 | Gene |
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different g... | What is the basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits? | What is the basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits? | [
"What is the basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits?"
] | {
"text": [
"The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46430 | 5ad0a670645df0001a2cff94 | Department_store | The Paris department store had its roots in the magasin de nouveautés, or novelty store; the first, the Tapis Rouge, was created in 1784. They flourished in the early 19th century, with La Belle Jardiniere (1824), Aux Trois Quartiers (1829), and Le Petit Saint Thomas (1830). Balzac described their functioning in his no... | What weren't the origins of the Paris department store? | What weren't the origins of the Paris department store? | [
"What weren't the origins of the Paris department store?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97488 | 56cf5376aab44d1400b88fd8 | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty so... | What is the name of the oldest music essay competition? | What is the name of the oldest music essay competition? | [
"What is the name of the oldest music essay competition?"
] | {
"text": [
"International Chopin Piano Competition"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106524 | 5726207e271a42140099d4b3 | Hellenistic_period | There has been a trend in writing the history of this period to depict Hellenistic art as a decadent style, following of the Golden Age of Classical Athens. Pliny the Elder, after having described the sculpture of the classical period says: Cessavit deinde ars ("then art disappeared"). The 18th century terms Baroque an... | Hellenistic art is describe as decadent mainly due to it following which style period? | Hellenistic art is describe as decadent mainly due to it following which style period? | [
"Hellenistic art is describe as decadent mainly due to it following which style period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Golden Age of Classical Athens"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3800 | 56d4c4532ccc5a1400d83206 | Beyoncé | Her fourth studio album 4 was released on June 28, 2011 in the US. 4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fourth consecutive number-one album in the US. The album was preceded by two of its singles "Run the World (Girls)" and "Best Thing I Never Had", which ... | How many copies of 4 sold in the first week? | How many copies of 4 sold in the first week? | [
"How many copies of 4 sold in the first week?"
] | {
"text": [
"310,000"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55487 | 5acfc5a677cf76001a685e40 | Presbyterianism | Some Presbyterian traditions adopt only the Westminster Confession of Faith as the doctrinal standard to which teaching elders are required to subscribe, in contrast to the Larger and Shorter catechisms, which are approved for use in instruction. Many Presbyterian denominations, especially in North America, have adopte... | South American Presbyterian denominations have adopted what type of standards? | South American Presbyterian denominations have adopted what type of standards? | [
"South American Presbyterian denominations have adopted what type of standards? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70820 | 57313429a5e9cc1400cdbcdd | Bird | Feathers are a feature characteristic of birds (though also present in some dinosaurs not currently considered to be true birds). They facilitate flight, provide insulation that aids in thermoregulation, and are used in display, camouflage, and signaling. There are several types of feathers, each serving its own set of... | What is pterylae? | What is pterylae? | [
"What is pterylae?"
] | {
"text": [
"specific tracts of skin"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111552 | 573238630fdd8d15006c6862 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Western emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, and against the protests of the senate, removed the altar of Victory from the senate house and began the disestablishment of the Vestals. Theodosius I briefly re-united the Empire: in 391 he officially adopted Nicene Christianity as the Imperial religi... | What flame did Theodosius extinguish to remove the Vestals from power? | What flame did Theodosius extinguish to remove the Vestals from power? | [
"What flame did Theodosius extinguish to remove the Vestals from power?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sacred fire"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16786 | 5725b2b0b80e561500fa6f30 | Israel | The population of Israel, as defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, was estimated in 2016 to be 8,476,600 people. It is the world's only Jewish-majority state, with 6,345,400 citizens, or 74.9%, being designated as Jewish. The country's second largest group of citizens are denoted as Arabs, numbering 1,760... | How many citizens in Israel are Arab? | How many citizens in Israel are Arab? | [
"How many citizens in Israel are Arab?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,760,400"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32642 | 5ad242ecd7d075001a4289b1 | Antarctica | About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of... | What continent has 70% of the worlds ice? | What continent has 70% of the worlds ice? | [
"What continent has 70% of the worlds ice?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94149 | 5a7e4e0b70df9f001a8756df | Cork_(city) | Cork is home to the RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet, and to many musical acts, including John Spillane, The Frank And Walters, Sultans of Ping, Simple Kid, Microdisney, Fred, Mick Flannery and the late Rory Gallagher. Singer songwriter Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan of The High Llamas also hail from Cork. The opera singers Cara... | What two groups are supported by Triskel Christchurch? | What two groups are supported by Triskel Christchurch? | [
"What two groups are supported by Triskel Christchurch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109660 | 5728f6bc6aef0514001548ee | Samurai | For example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (yobina), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age... | What did Kazusanosuke mean? | What did Kazusanosuke mean? | [
"What did Kazusanosuke mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114813 | 5a7dc20570df9f001a875119 | Matter | Since such mass (kinetic energies of particles, the energy of trapped electromagnetic radiation and stored potential energy of repulsive fields) is measured as part of the mass of ordinary matter in complex systems, the "matter" status of "massless particles" and fields of force becomes unclear in such systems. These p... | What tends to be clear in complex systems? | What tends to be clear in complex systems? | [
"What tends to be clear in complex systems?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55580 | 5acfd2ec77cf76001a6861fa | Presbyterianism | A number of new Presbyterian Churches were founded by Scottish immigrants to England in the 19th century and later. Following the 'Disruption' in 1843 many of those linked to the Church of Scotland eventually joined what became the Presbyterian Church of England in 1876. Some, that is Crown Court (Covent Garden, London... | Beginning in what century did English immigrants from Scotland found Presbyterian churches? | Beginning in what century did English immigrants from Scotland found Presbyterian churches? | [
"Beginning in what century did English immigrants from Scotland found Presbyterian churches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81979 | 5acfbe1d77cf76001a685bf5 | Royal_assent | In the United Kingdom, a bill is presented for royal assent after it has passed all the required stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Commons may, under certain circumstances, direct that a bill be presented for assent despite lack of passage ... | Under the Parliament Acts of 1917 and 1949, the House of Commons may do what? | Under the Parliament Acts of 1917 and 1949, the House of Commons may do what? | [
"Under the Parliament Acts of 1917 and 1949, the House of Commons may do what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106162 | 5725c1b9ec44d21400f3d4e0 | Hellenistic_period | Antigonus then sent his son Demetrius to regain control of Greece. In 307 he took Athens, expelling Demetrius of Phaleron, Cassander's governor, and proclaiming the city free again. Demetrius now turned his attention to Ptolemy, defeating his fleet at the Battle of Salamis and taking control of Cyprus. In the aftermath... | What battle did Demetrius Poliorcetes defeat the fleet of Ptolemy? | What battle did Demetrius Poliorcetes defeat the fleet of Ptolemy? | [
"What battle did Demetrius Poliorcetes defeat the fleet of Ptolemy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Battle of Salamis"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100732 | 5a284fffd1a287001a6d0b54 | Post-punk | Also emerging during this period was New York's no wave movement, a short-lived art and music scene that began in part as a reaction against punk's recycling of traditionalist rock tropes and often reflected an abrasive, confrontational and nihilistic worldview. No wave musicians such as the Contortions, Teenage Jesus ... | What musicians avoided no wave? | What musicians avoided no wave? | [
"What musicians avoided no wave?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38214 | 5a7d056470df9f001a874ef7 | Neolithic | Not all of these cultural elements characteristic of the Neolithic appeared everywhere in the same order: the earliest farming societies in the Near East did not use pottery. In other parts of the world, such as Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, independent domestication events led to their own regionally distinct... | What trend led to parts of the world developing their own African cultures? | What trend led to parts of the world developing their own African cultures? | [
"What trend led to parts of the world developing their own African cultures?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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