gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-18555 | 5726dcbf708984140094d3fb | Nigeria | Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria's president till 16 April 2011, when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted. Jonathan of the PDP was declared the winner on 19 April 2011, having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast, to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main o... | Who won the 2011 election? | Who won the 2011 election? | [
"Who won the 2011 election?"
] | {
"text": [
"Goodluck Jonathan"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2657 | 56d293b759d6e414001460cd | Buddhism | Mahayana schools recognize all or part of the Mahayana Sutras. Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the later attainment of B... | A few of the sutras for Mahayanists became a manifestation of who? | A few of the sutras for Mahayanists became a manifestation of who? | [
"A few of the sutras for Mahayanists became a manifestation of who?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Buddha"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38736 | 570c56a1b3d812140066d14c | FC_Barcelona | In April 2014, FIFA banned the club from buying players for the next two transfer windows following the violation of the FIFA's rules about the transfer of footballers aged under 18. A statement on FIFA's website read "With regard to the case in question, FC Barcelona has been found to be in breach of art. 19 of the Re... | When did FIFA reject an appeal of the rules violation ruling? | When did FIFA reject an appeal of the rules violation ruling? | [
"When did FIFA reject an appeal of the rules violation ruling?"
] | {
"text": [
"August"
],
"answer_start": [
901
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9862 | 5727fd81ff5b5019007d9a50 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | On 5 March, Nasser's security coterie arrested thousands of participants in the uprising. As a ruse to rally opposition against a return to the pre-1952 order, the RCC decreed an end to restrictions on monarchy-era parties and the Free Officers' withdrawal from politics. The RCC succeeded in provoking the beneficiaries... | Who was sent to Switzerland? | Who was sent to Switzerland? | [
"Who was sent to Switzerland?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mohieddin"
],
"answer_start": [
858
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1136 | 5a84a2f57cf838001a46a9e6 | Endangered_Species_Act | According to research published in 1999 by Alan Green and the Center for Public Integrity (CPI), loopholes in the ESA are commonly exploited in the exotic pet trade. Although the legislation prohibits interstate and foreign transactions for list species, no provisions are made for in-state commerce, allowing these anim... | What named organization has been exploiting loopholes? | What named organization has been exploiting loopholes? | [
"What named organization has been exploiting loopholes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66674 | 57276ef15951b619008f89c6 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Mikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo on March 11, 1985, three hours after predecessor Konstantin Chernenko's death at age 73. Gorbachev, aged 54, was the youngest member of the Politburo. His initial goal as general secretary was to revive the Soviet economy, and he realized that doing so wo... | What entity was responsible for Gorbachev's being elected? | What entity was responsible for Gorbachev's being elected? | [
"What entity was responsible for Gorbachev's being elected?"
] | {
"text": [
"Politburo"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72580 | 570fc6df5ab6b81900390fbf | Dell | Dell had long stuck by its direct sales model. Consumers had become the main drivers of PC sales in recent years, yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first. Dell's rivals in the... | What was one city that Dell tested retail stores in? | What was one city that Dell tested retail stores in? | [
"What was one city that Dell tested retail stores in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Texas"
],
"answer_start": [
650
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101374 | 5ad28a70d7d075001a4299b9 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | The Soviets also helped Germany to avoid British naval blockades by providing a submarine base, Basis Nord, in the northern Soviet Union near Murmansk. This also provided a refueling and maintenance location, and a takeoff point for raids and attacks on shipping. In addition, the Soviets provided Germany with access to... | Where wasn't the sub base located? | Where wasn't the sub base located? | [
"Where wasn't the sub base located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60569 | 57277c695951b619008f8b1e | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Borders Books, started in Ann Arbor, was opened by brothers Tom and Louis Borders in 1971 with a stock of used books. The Borders chain was based in the city, as was its flagship store until it closed in September 2011. Domino's Pizza's headquarters is near Ann Arbor on Domino's Farms, a 271-acre (110 ha) Frank Lloyd W... | Who opened the Borders Books store in Ann Arbor? | Who opened the Borders Books store in Ann Arbor? | [
"Who opened the Borders Books store in Ann Arbor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tom and Louis Borders"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102530 | 56faceb3f34c681400b0c137 | High-definition_television | In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes... | Content is now protected by what encryption? | Content is now protected by what encryption? | [
"Content is now protected by what encryption?"
] | {
"text": [
"5C"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32156 | 5728fb4caf94a219006a9ec0 | Myanmar | The provisional results of the 2014 Myanmar Census show that the total population is 51,419,420. This figure includes an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State, Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted. People who were out of the country at the time of the census are not included in the... | How many of the Burmese people are predicted to work in Thailand without authorization | How many of the Burmese people are predicted to work in Thailand without authorization | [
"How many of the Burmese people are predicted to work in Thailand without authorization "
] | {
"text": [
"millions more work illegally"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32855 | 5a32e48dbd0d7f001aef94e2 | Central_African_Republic | In the aftermath of the failed coup, militias loyal to Patassé sought revenge against rebels in many neighborhoods of Bangui and incited unrest including the murder of many political opponents. Eventually, Patassé came to suspect that General François Bozizé was involved in another coup attempt against him, which led B... | After the surprise attack what did Libyan troops do in Bangui neighborhoods? | After the surprise attack what did Libyan troops do in Bangui neighborhoods? | [
"After the surprise attack what did Libyan troops do in Bangui neighborhoods?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57766 | 572ed0afc246551400ce46e3 | Quran | Before printing was widely adopted in the 19th century, the Quran was transmitted in manuscripts made by calligraphers and copyists. The earliest manuscripts were written in Ḥijāzī-type script. The Hijazi style manuscripts nevertheless confirm that transmission of the Quran in writing began at an early stage. Probably ... | Where was the Maghribi script most commonly used by Quran copyists? | Where was the Maghribi script most commonly used by Quran copyists? | [
"Where was the Maghribi script most commonly used by Quran copyists?"
] | {
"text": [
"North Africa and Spain"
],
"answer_start": [
934
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71675 | 56f8f3eb9e9bad19000a076d | Near_East | By 1916, when millions of Europeans were becoming casualties of imperial war in the trenches of eastern and western Europe over "the eastern question," Arnold J. Toynbee, Hegelesque historian of civilization at large, was becoming metaphysical about the Near East. Geography alone was not a sufficient explanation of the... | What year was Arnold J toynbee becoming metaphysical about the Near East? | What year was Arnold J toynbee becoming metaphysical about the Near East? | [
"What year was Arnold J toynbee becoming metaphysical about the Near East?"
] | {
"text": [
"1916"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21485 | 5730a771069b53140083220a | Sumer | Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ... | When was the Third Dynasty of Ur? | When was the Third Dynasty of Ur? | [
"When was the Third Dynasty of Ur?"
] | {
"text": [
"approximately 2100-2000 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55709 | 5acfe05d77cf76001a68637c | Presbyterianism | In 1977, two thirds of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, along with most of the Congregational Union of Australia and all the Methodist Church of Australasia, combined to form the Uniting Church in Australia. The third who did not unite had various reasons for so acting, often cultural attachment but often conserva... | In 1974, what combined with the Presbyterian Church of Australia to form the Uniting Church in Australia? | In 1974, what combined with the Presbyterian Church of Australia to form the Uniting Church in Australia? | [
"In 1974, what combined with the Presbyterian Church of Australia to form the Uniting Church in Australia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22664 | 5727c0d43acd2414000debae | Exhibition_game | It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's S... | In what month is the MLB All-Star Game held? | In what month is the MLB All-Star Game held? | [
"In what month is the MLB All-Star Game held?"
] | {
"text": [
"July"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87128 | 5a1f6cbe54a786001a36b2b5 | Videoconferencing | One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other... | What organization conducted research on ISDN phone lines? | What organization conducted research on ISDN phone lines? | [
"What organization conducted research on ISDN phone lines?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103230 | 5ad292abd7d075001a429ac3 | Multiracial_American | Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of "two or more races". The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially (cf. the one-drop rule). In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, sel... | What percentage of the population did not identify as multiracial? | What percentage of the population did not identify as multiracial? | [
"What percentage of the population did not identify as multiracial?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13583 | 570cf3cefed7b91900d45b5e | Digestion | After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats),[citation needed] the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passe... | What does chyme mix with in the duodenum? | What does chyme mix with in the duodenum? | [
"What does chyme mix with in the duodenum?"
] | {
"text": [
"digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43574 | 5726d3475951b619008f7f25 | Korean_War | On 15 October 1950, President Truman and General MacArthur met at Wake Island in the mid-Pacific Ocean. This meeting was much publicized because of the General's discourteous refusal to meet the President on the continental United States. To President Truman, MacArthur speculated there was little risk of Chinese interv... | Where did President Truman and General MacArthur meet on October 15, 1950? | Where did President Truman and General MacArthur meet on October 15, 1950? | [
"Where did President Truman and General MacArthur meet on October 15, 1950?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wake Island"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92798 | 5727ab472ca10214002d934a | Alsace | The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the French language as choucrout... | What is Sauerkraut typically served with in Alsace? | What is Sauerkraut typically served with in Alsace? | [
"What is Sauerkraut typically served with in Alsace?"
] | {
"text": [
"Strasbourg sausage or frankfurters, bacon, smoked pork or smoked Morteau or Montbéliard sausages"
],
"answer_start": [
535
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86709 | 5a78c840b73996001af5b1f9 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | In 2004, the two institutions created the Architecture Gallery (Room 128) at the V&A showing artefacts from the collections of both institutions, this was the first permanent gallery devoted to architecture in the UK. The adjacent Architecture Exhibition Space (Room 128a) is used for temporary displays related to archi... | What space at the V&A is the Architecture Gallery forbidden? | What space at the V&A is the Architecture Gallery forbidden? | [
"What space at the V&A is the Architecture Gallery forbidden?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65032 | 57295f18af94a219006aa33b | Renewable_energy_commercialization | The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since 2008. In late 2011, factory-gate prices for crystalline-silicon photovoltaic modules dropped below the $1.00/W mark. The $1.00/W installed cost, is often regarded in the PV industry as marking the achievement of grid parity for PV. These reductions have taken many s... | The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since what year? | The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since what year? | [
"The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47247 | 5726e664dd62a815002e945e | Madonna_(entertainer) | "4 Minutes" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; "4... | How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed? | How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed? | [
"How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed?"
] | {
"text": [
"$280 million,"
],
"answer_start": [
648
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11837 | 56faeb678f12f319006302c5 | Somalis | Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankince... | What is another term for xalwo? | What is another term for xalwo? | [
"What is another term for xalwo?"
] | {
"text": [
"halva"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27272 | 5a7b571321c2de001afe9f02 | Transistor | The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be ... | Where did Oskar Heil file a patent? | Where did Oskar Heil file a patent? | [
"Where did Oskar Heil file a patent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46460 | 5ad0a806645df0001a2cffbd | Department_store | Arnold, Constable was the first American department store. It was founded in 1825 by Aaron Arnold (1794?-1876), an emigrant from Great Britain, as a small dry goods store on Pine Street in New York City. In 1857 the store moved into a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House. During the Civil ... | Who rejected Arnold, Constable? | Who rejected Arnold, Constable? | [
"Who rejected Arnold, Constable? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105805 | 572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e3 | Compact_disc | The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 perc... | What did CDs retail for in 1995? | What did CDs retail for in 1995? | [
"What did CDs retail for in 1995?"
] | {
"text": [
"$16.98"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6950 | 5731388ea5e9cc1400cdbd2d | Red | The 19th century also saw the use of red in art to create specific emotions, not just to imitate nature. It saw the systematic study of color theory, and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other. These studies were avidly fol... | What occurred when red and green were put next to one another? | What occurred when red and green were put next to one another? | [
"What occurred when red and green were put next to one another?"
] | {
"text": [
"red and green reinforced each other"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42094 | 5ad2316ed7d075001a428714 | Karl_Popper | Popper left school at the age of 16 and attended lectures in mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology and the history of music as a guest student at the University of Vienna. In 1919, Popper became attracted by Marxism and subsequently joined the Association of Socialist School Students. He also became a member of ... | What age did Popper enter school? | What age did Popper enter school? | [
"What age did Popper enter school?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106721 | 5a846f547cf838001a46a808 | East_India_Company | In 1838 with the amount of smuggled opium entering China approaching 1,400 tons a year, the Chinese imposed a death penalty for opium smuggling and sent a Special Imperial Commissioner, Lin Zexu, to curb smuggling. This resulted in the First Opium War (1839–42). After the war Hong Kong island was ceded to Britain under... | When did the only Opium war end? | When did the only Opium war end? | [
"When did the only Opium war end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16804 | 5725b47eec44d21400f3d417 | Israel | In 586 BCE King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon conquered Judah. According to the Hebrew Bible, he destroyed Solomon's Temple and exiled the Jews to Babylon. The defeat was also recorded by the Babylonians (see the Babylonian Chronicles). In 538 BCE, Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon and took over its empire. Cy... | How many Judeans did Ezra lead? | How many Judeans did Ezra lead? | [
"How many Judeans did Ezra lead?"
] | {
"text": [
"5,000"
],
"answer_start": [
665
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50127 | 5a820f9431013a001a335178 | Phonology | The particular contrasts which are phonemic in a language can change over time. At one time, [f] and [v], two sounds that have the same place and manner of articulation and differ in voicing only, were allophones of the same phoneme in English, but later came to belong to separate phonemes. This is one of the main fact... | What cannot change over time? | What cannot change over time? | [
"What cannot change over time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81022 | 5726376e89a1e219009ac581 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvi... | Why was Victoria advised not to visit France in April of 1900? | Why was Victoria advised not to visit France in April of 1900? | [
"Why was Victoria advised not to visit France in April of 1900?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Boer War"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82428 | 56e72ba200c9c71400d76edc | Daylight_saving_time | Broadly speaking, Daylight Saving Time was abandoned in the years after the war (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, and Ireland for example). However, it was brought back for periods of time in many different places during the following decades, and commonly during the Second World War. It b... | Along with North America, what continent was affected heavily by the 1970s energy crisis? | Along with North America, what continent was affected heavily by the 1970s energy crisis? | [
"Along with North America, what continent was affected heavily by the 1970s energy crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80412 | 572fd628a23a5019007fca6b | Bacteria | Bacterial species differ in the number and arrangement of flagella on their surface; some have a single flagellum (monotrichous), a flagellum at each end (amphitrichous), clusters of flagella at the poles of the cell (lophotrichous), while others have flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell (peritricho... | When flagellum is distributed throughout the surface of the cell? | When flagellum is distributed throughout the surface of the cell? | [
"When flagellum is distributed throughout the surface of the cell?"
] | {
"text": [
"peritrichous"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6468 | 5ad340de604f3c001a3fdbec | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation 3 uses the Cell microprocessor, designed by Sony, Toshiba and IBM, as its CPU, which is made up of one 3.2 GHz PowerPC-based "Power Processing Element" (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs). The eighth SPE is disabled to improve chip yields. Only six of the seven SPEs are accessible to deve... | How much XDR BRAM is on board a PS3? | How much XDR BRAM is on board a PS3? | [
"How much XDR BRAM is on board a PS3?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27453 | 572fb569947a6a140053cbca | Transistor | Discrete transistors are individually packaged transistors. Transistors come in many different semiconductor packages (see image). The two main categories are through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount, also known as surface-mount device (SMD). The ball grid array (BGA) is the latest surface-mount package (currently o... | What is a discrete transistor? | What is a discrete transistor? | [
"What is a discrete transistor?"
] | {
"text": [
"individually packaged transistors"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76589 | 572a8e0834ae481900deab82 | Philadelphia | Based on the similar shifts underway the nation's economy after 1960, Philadelphia experienced a loss of manufacturing companies and jobs to lower taxed regions of the USA and often overseas. As a result, the economic base of Philadelphia, which had historically been manufacturing, declined significantly. In addition, ... | When did the city near bankruptcy? | When did the city near bankruptcy? | [
"When did the city near bankruptcy?"
] | {
"text": [
"late 1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
873
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69990 | 573051df2461fd1900a9cd29 | Windows_8 | However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in 2011. As the holiday shopping season wrapped up, Windows 8 sales continued to lag, even as Apple reported brisk sales. The market research firm IDC reported an over... | How much of a decrease in sales have Windows devices experienced? | How much of a decrease in sales have Windows devices experienced? | [
"How much of a decrease in sales have Windows devices experienced?"
] | {
"text": [
"21 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61652 | 5a627fe1f8d794001af1c06a | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Bannerman Park is a Victorian-style park located near the downtown. The park was officially opened in 1891 by Sir Alexander Bannerman, Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland who donated the land to create the park. Today the park contains a public swimming pool, playground, a baseball diamond and many large open grassy... | Who opened Bannerman Park in the 18th century? | Who opened Bannerman Park in the 18th century? | [
"Who opened Bannerman Park in the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102605 | 57303e0704bcaa1900d773fa | Association_football | The laws of the game are determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The Board was formed in 1886 after a meeting in Manchester of The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales, and the Irish Football Association. FIFA, the international football b... | What year was the IFAB formed? | What year was the IFAB formed? | [
"What year was the IFAB formed?"
] | {
"text": [
"1886"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95079 | 56df76c85ca0a614008f9ac4 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded th... | What was interesting about his mother and wife? | What was interesting about his mother and wife? | [
"What was interesting about his mother and wife?"
] | {
"text": [
"deaf"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6132 | 5ad0278877cf76001a686bee | Late_Middle_Ages | The predominant school of thought in the 13th century was the Thomistic reconciliation of the teachings of Aristotle with Christian theology. The Condemnation of 1277, enacted at the University of Paris, placed restrictions on ideas that could be interpreted as heretical; restrictions that had implication for Aristotel... | Which philosophy attempted to reconcile Aristotelian teachings and Christian theology in the 12th century? | Which philosophy attempted to reconcile Aristotelian teachings and Christian theology in the 12th century? | [
"Which philosophy attempted to reconcile Aristotelian teachings and Christian theology in the 12th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3523 | 5a51cb85b308da001a5a23ad | Southeast_Asia | The arts of Southeast Asia have affinity with the arts of other areas. Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience. Most of Southeast Asia introduced dance into their court; i... | Where was dance not popular in Southeast Asia? | Where was dance not popular in Southeast Asia? | [
"Where was dance not popular in Southeast Asia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78997 | 56d12ceb17492d1400aabb5c | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | In 2003, Nintendo announced that a new The Legend of Zelda game was in the works for the GameCube by the same team that had created the cel-shaded The Wind Waker. At the following year's Game Developers Conference, director Eiji Aonuma unintentionally revealed that the game's sequel was in development under the working... | What year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda was in the works for Gamecube? | What year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda was in the works for Gamecube? | [
"What year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda was in the works for Gamecube?"
] | {
"text": [
"2003"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51511 | 5705e82775f01819005e773e | New_Delhi | After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capit... | A temporary secretariat building was built in New Delhi in what year? | A temporary secretariat building was built in New Delhi in what year? | [
"A temporary secretariat building was built in New Delhi in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1912"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59531 | 5726b408dd62a815002e8d6a | Electric_motor | An advantage of the universal motor is that AC supplies may be used on motors which have some characteristics more common in DC motors, specifically high starting torque and very compact design if high running speeds are used. The negative aspect is the maintenance and short life problems caused by the commutator. Such... | How is stepped speed control achieved? | How is stepped speed control achieved? | [
"How is stepped speed control achieved?"
] | {
"text": [
"Multiple taps on the field coil provide"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15812 | 5a82f6e9e60761001a2eb265 | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | What group of humans have no susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections? | What group of humans have no susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections? | [
"What group of humans have no susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101957 | 5a5140ccce860b001aa3fc8a | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He ... | What is one argument for increasing the number of Lander? | What is one argument for increasing the number of Lander? | [
"What is one argument for increasing the number of Lander?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79035 | 56cd9df862d2951400fa677a | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Transferring GameCube development to the Wii was relatively simple, since the Wii was being created to be compatible with the GameCube.[o] At E3 2005, Nintendo released a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess. They also announced that Zelda would appear on the Wii (th... | What console boasted compatibility with the Wii? | What console boasted compatibility with the Wii? | [
"What console boasted compatibility with the Wii?"
] | {
"text": [
"GameCube"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100451 | 5acd4cd507355d001abf3c6a | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Characteristics of the "I" signals on E2 and E5B are generally similar to the civilian codes of GPS (L1-CA and L2C), but Compass signals have somewhat greater power. The notation of Compass signals used in this page follows the naming of the frequency bands and agrees with the notation used in the American literature o... | The Japanese notation can be found in which row on the table? | The Japanese notation can be found in which row on the table? | [
"The Japanese notation can be found in which row on the table?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25461 | 5acfa7fc77cf76001a68574e | Namibia | The Kalahari Desert, an arid region shared with South Africa and Botswana, is one of Namibia's well-known geographical features. The Kalahari, while popularly known as a desert, has a variety of localised environments, including some verdant and technically non-desert areas. One of these, known as the Succulent Karoo, ... | What country lies to the east of Namibia? | What country lies to the east of Namibia? | [
"What country lies to the east of Namibia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65755 | 5728dc74ff5b5019007da86d | Detroit | Also founded in 1935 and based in Detroit the Michigan Chronicle is one of the oldest and most respected African-American weekly newspapers in America. Covering politics, entertainment, sports and community events. The Detroit television market is the 11th largest in the United States; according to estimates that do no... | What province of Canada is a large consumer of Detroit programming? | What province of Canada is a large consumer of Detroit programming? | [
"What province of Canada is a large consumer of Detroit programming?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ontario"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11971 | 56e14bdacd28a01900c67768 | Universal_Studios | In 2006, after almost 80 years, NBC Universal sold all Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself, back to Disney. In return, Disney released ABC sportscaster Al Michaels from his contract so he could work on NBC's Sunday night NFL football package. However, Universal retained ... | Who began producing Oswald cartoons for Universal in 1929? | Who began producing Oswald cartoons for Universal in 1929? | [
"Who began producing Oswald cartoons for Universal in 1929?"
] | {
"text": [
"Walter Lantz"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89306 | 573106b7497a881900248b0a | Great_power | Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as th... | Balance of power of great powers was a major influence on what continents politics? | Balance of power of great powers was a major influence on what continents politics? | [
"Balance of power of great powers was a major influence on what continents politics?"
] | {
"text": [
"European"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59445 | 5ad159db645df0001a2d184e | Electric_motor | Application of electric motors revolutionized industry. Industrial processes were no longer limited by power transmission using line shafts, belts, compressed air or hydraulic pressure. Instead every machine could be equipped with its own electric motor, providing easy control at the point of use, and improving power t... | How much energy do electric motors use in the modern UK? | How much energy do electric motors use in the modern UK? | [
"How much energy do electric motors use in the modern UK?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102063 | 572924e26aef051400154a9f | States_of_Germany | Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismi... | On what grounds was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed | On what grounds was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed | [
"On what grounds was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed"
] | {
"text": [
"exclusively federal matter"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71965 | 57270e2b708984140094d90e | Capacitor | Capacitors made with any type of dielectric material will show some level of "dielectric absorption" or "soakage". On discharging a capacitor and disconnecting it, after a short time it may develop a voltage due to hysteresis in the dielectric. This effect can be objectionable in applications such as precision sample a... | What level of dielectric absorption would a Teflon capacitor exhibit? | What level of dielectric absorption would a Teflon capacitor exhibit? | [
"What level of dielectric absorption would a Teflon capacitor exhibit?"
] | {
"text": [
"very small levels of absorption"
],
"answer_start": [
690
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14748 | 57333c754776f419006607b9 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited o... | What was the result of that lecture? | What was the result of that lecture? | [
"What was the result of that lecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114347 | 5726b7eff1498d1400e8e8ba | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | On 2 June 2013, The Sun on Sunday ran a front page story on singer-songwriter Tulisa Contostavlos. The front page read: "Tulisa's cocaine deal shame"; this story was written by The Sun On Sunday's undercover reporter Mahzer Mahmood, who had previously worked for the News of the World. It was claimed that Tulisa introdu... | Who was the subject of an early June 2013 front page story? | Who was the subject of an early June 2013 front page story? | [
"Who was the subject of an early June 2013 front page story?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tulisa Contostavlos"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39321 | 573255dfb9d445190005ea4b | Protestantism | Politically, Calvin favoured a mixture of aristocracy and democracy. He appreciated the advantages of democracy: "It is an invaluable gift, if God allows a people to freely elect its own authorities and overlords." Calvin also thought that earthly rulers lose their divine right and must be put down when they rise up ag... | What political mixture did Calvin prefer? | What political mixture did Calvin prefer? | [
"What political mixture did Calvin prefer?"
] | {
"text": [
"aristocracy and democracy"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-915 | 572e91dccb0c0d14000f12d1 | Endangered_Species_Act | It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated a... | The Endangered Species Act permitted how much annual expenditure by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for habitat purchase? | The Endangered Species Act permitted how much annual expenditure by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for habitat purchase? | [
"The Endangered Species Act permitted how much annual expenditure by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for habitat purchase?"
] | {
"text": [
"$15 million per year"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91493 | 5726f4315951b619008f8352 | Avicenna | Avicenna's psychology requires that connection between the body and soul be strong enough to ensure the soul's individuation, but weak enough to allow for its immortality. Avicenna grounds his psychology on physiology, which means his account of the soul is one that deals almost entirely with the natural science of the... | How does man first perceive features of an object? | How does man first perceive features of an object? | [
"How does man first perceive features of an object?"
] | {
"text": [
"external senses"
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8350 | 5a7ccb9fe8bc7e001a9e2043 | Thuringia | Agriculture and forestry have declined in importance over the decades. Nevertheless, they are more important than in the most other areas of Germany, especially within rural regions. 54% of Thuringia's territory is in agricultural use. The fertile basins such as the large Thuringian Basin or the smaller Goldene Aue, Or... | What is the worst fertile area of Thuringia? | What is the worst fertile area of Thuringia? | [
"What is the worst fertile area of Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64510 | 57334596d058e614000b581c | Portugal | A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit... | In which year was the Kingdom of Castile formed? | In which year was the Kingdom of Castile formed? | [
"In which year was the Kingdom of Castile formed?"
] | {
"text": [
"1230"
],
"answer_start": [
781
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84351 | 5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8c9 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power: George Washington only vetoed two bills, James Monroe one, and John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none. James Madison, a firm believer in a strong executive, vetoed seven bills. None of the first six Presidents, ... | How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto to make him the least likely president to veto a bill? | How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto to make him the least likely president to veto a bill? | [
"How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto to make him the least likely president to veto a bill?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79654 | 5731417005b4da19006bcf60 | Kievan_Rus%27 | To the southwest, the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian neighbours and emerged as the local successor to Kievan Rus'. In 1199, Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities. In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and assumed the title of Gran... | In what year did Mstislavich defeat the Kiev? | In what year did Mstislavich defeat the Kiev? | [
"In what year did Mstislavich defeat the Kiev?"
] | {
"text": [
"1202"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12532 | 5733d91e4776f4190066134b | Antibiotics | Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing... | What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics? | What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics? | [
"What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"economic incentives"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92477 | 5730f811a5e9cc1400cdbb50 | United_States_Air_Force | The organizational structure as shown above is responsible for the peacetime organization, equipping, and training of aerospace units for operational missions. When required to support operational missions, the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) directs the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) to execute a Change in Operation... | Who does the AMC forces usually retain their componency to? | Who does the AMC forces usually retain their componency to? | [
"Who does the AMC forces usually retain their componency to?"
] | {
"text": [
"USTRANSCOM"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67027 | 5726b9d05951b619008f7bea | Nutrition | The macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, protein, and water. The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built) and energy. Some of the structural material can be used to g... | Which nutrient generally provides around 37 kJ per gram? | Which nutrient generally provides around 37 kJ per gram? | [
"Which nutrient generally provides around 37 kJ per gram?"
] | {
"text": [
"fats"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5750 | 5706b4af0eeca41400aa0d5d | House_music | Atkins, a former member of Cybotron, released Model 500 "No UFOs" in 1985, which became a regional hit, followed by dozens of tracks on Transmat, Metroplex and Fragile. One of the most unusual was "Strings of Life" by Derrick May, a darker, more intellectual strain of house. "Techno-Scratch" was released by the Knights... | what unusual single did derrick may release, featuring a darker strain of house? | what unusual single did derrick may release, featuring a darker strain of house? | [
"what unusual single did derrick may release, featuring a darker strain of house?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Strings of Life\""
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31348 | 57294fd03f37b31900478227 | Germans | In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Aust... | What religion was a majority in Germany? | What religion was a majority in Germany? | [
"What religion was a majority in Germany?"
] | {
"text": [
"Protestant"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107181 | 57361c8f012e2f140011a1b4 | Hunting | When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair... | What was the principle was this type of hunting said to violate? | What was the principle was this type of hunting said to violate? | [
"What was the principle was this type of hunting said to violate?"
] | {
"text": [
"fair chase"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85182 | 5727897ff1498d1400e8fb35 | Supreme_court | The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act ... | What is the high court in Scotland that has supremacy on criminal matters? | What is the high court in Scotland that has supremacy on criminal matters? | [
"What is the high court in Scotland that has supremacy on criminal matters?"
] | {
"text": [
"the High Court of Justiciary"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32920 | 57281f4a2ca10214002d9e56 | Central_African_Republic | A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leader... | When was the new Government seated in CAR? | When was the new Government seated in CAR? | [
"When was the new Government seated in CAR?"
] | {
"text": [
"31 March 2013"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37388 | 5727b7c74b864d1900163b4c | Switzerland | Christianity is the predominant religion of Switzerland (about 71% of resident population and 75% of Swiss citizens), divided between the Catholic Church (38.21% of the population), the Swiss Reformed Church (26.93%), further Protestant churches (2.89%) and other Christian denominations (2.79%). There has been a recent... | What percentage of the Christian population is Catholic? | What percentage of the Christian population is Catholic? | [
"What percentage of the Christian population is Catholic?"
] | {
"text": [
"38.21%"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11165 | 5733e0d64776f419006613fd | Anthropology | Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993. The sub-group was very closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science. Donna Haraway's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthrop... | When did the division of cyborg anthropology originate? | When did the division of cyborg anthropology originate? | [
"When did the division of cyborg anthropology originate?"
] | {
"text": [
"1993"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75747 | 5705df8d75f01819005e76ce | The_Times | The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), th... | What year did the Cape Times (South Africa) start? | What year did the Cape Times (South Africa) start? | [
"What year did the Cape Times (South Africa) start?"
] | {
"text": [
"1872"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46316 | 5ad3e772604f3c001a3ff608 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel receiv... | What religion encourages its adherents to think critically? | What religion encourages its adherents to think critically? | [
"What religion encourages its adherents to think critically?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28015 | 5ad4a7c0ba00c4001a268f0a | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindler's List (1993) and Saving Private Ryan (1998). Three of Spielberg's films—Jaws (1975), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), and Jurassic Park (1993)—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of al... | What was Spielberg's first movie? | What was Spielberg's first movie? | [
"What was Spielberg's first movie?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102895 | 5acd1b1d07355d001abf3542 | Unicode | The Consortium first published The Unicode Standard (ISBN 0-321-18578-1) in 1991 and continues to develop standards based on that original work. The latest version of the standard, Unicode 8.0, was released in June 2015 and is available from the consortium's website. The last of the major versions (versions x.0) to be ... | When was the Consortium founded? | When was the Consortium founded? | [
"When was the Consortium founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3882 | 56bfaa11a10cfb1400551219 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relat... | Where was Beyonce when she became pregnant? | Where was Beyonce when she became pregnant? | [
"Where was Beyonce when she became pregnant?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
825
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18036 | 56dfc2de231d4119001abdb2 | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | What do visps purchase services from? | What do visps purchase services from? | [
"What do visps purchase services from? "
] | {
"text": [
"a wholesale ISP"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27805 | 5729f3c6af94a219006aa6e9 | Energy | Sunlight is also captured by plants as chemical potential energy in photosynthesis, when carbon dioxide and water (two low-energy compounds) are converted into the high-energy compounds carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Plants also release oxygen during photosynthesis, which is utilized by living organisms as an ele... | What may be triggered suddenly by a spark? | What may be triggered suddenly by a spark? | [
"What may be triggered suddenly by a spark?"
] | {
"text": [
"Release of the energy stored during photosynthesis"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3417 | 5a51b3e5b308da001a5a2341 | Southeast_Asia | The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused b... | What part of Asia is mostly subtropical? | What part of Asia is mostly subtropical? | [
"What part of Asia is mostly subtropical?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20548 | 56ce7c4baab44d1400b887fd | IPod | In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont. | What was the latest version of iTunes as of mid-2015? | What was the latest version of iTunes as of mid-2015? | [
"What was the latest version of iTunes as of mid-2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"12.2"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57436 | 5a5458e1134fea001a0e1744 | Muslim_world | In a small minority of Muslim countries, the law requires women to cover either just legs, shoulders and head or the whole body apart from the face. In strictest forms, the face as well must be covered leaving just a mesh to see through. These rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particularly Muslims living in... | What do westerners believe the media pressures women to do? | What do westerners believe the media pressures women to do? | [
"What do westerners believe the media pressures women to do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104978 | 5a3e7371378766001a0025c9 | Palermo | Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, abo... | Which peak is 1333 feet hight? | Which peak is 1333 feet hight? | [
"Which peak is 1333 feet hight?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50322 | 572e931103f98919007567c7 | Neptune | From its discovery in 1846 until the subsequent discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet. When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer... | What discovery made astronomer's debate Pluto's status as a planet? | What discovery made astronomer's debate Pluto's status as a planet? | [
"What discovery made astronomer's debate Pluto's status as a planet? "
] | {
"text": [
"the Kuiper belt"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32629 | 5ad23535d7d075001a4287e3 | Antarctica | Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy... | What was discovered in the 1700's? | What was discovered in the 1700's? | [
"What was discovered in the 1700's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108602 | 572c82d4dfb02c14005c6b87 | Tennessee | According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2015, Tennessee had an estimated population of 6,600,299, which is an increase of 50,947, from the prior year and an increase of 254,194, or 4.01%, since the year 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 142,266 people (that is 493,881 births minus 351,6... | What was Tennessee's estimated population in 2015? | What was Tennessee's estimated population in 2015? | [
"What was Tennessee's estimated population in 2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"6,600,299"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50228 | 5aceac5632bba1001ae4afc6 | Neptune | In contrast to the hazy, relatively featureless atmosphere of Uranus, Neptune's atmosphere has active and visible weather patterns. For example, at the time of the Voyager 2 flyby in 1989, the planet's southern hemisphere had a Great Dark Spot comparable to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. These weather patterns are driv... | When was the Great Red spot discovered on Jupiter | When was the Great Red spot discovered on Jupiter | [
"When was the Great Red spot discovered on Jupiter"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30730 | 57267593dd62a815002e85ab | Mexico_City | The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year. The area has two main seasons. The rainy season runs from June to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea. The dry... | When is it coldest in Mexico City? | When is it coldest in Mexico City? | [
"When is it coldest in Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"November to February"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113174 | 570de31a0dc6ce1900204cf2 | Adolescence | The idea of self-concept is known as the ability of a person to have opinions and beliefs that are defined confidently, consistent and stable. Early in adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others and their thoughts and judgments, the ability to think about abstract,... | Greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others, and the ability to consider multiple possiblities at once are examples of what kind of developments? | Greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others, and the ability to consider multiple possiblities at once are examples of what kind of developments? | [
"Greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others, and the ability to consider multiple possiblities at once are examples of what kind of developments?"
] | {
"text": [
"cognitive"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113785 | 5a56c5956349e2001acdcf24 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | There are also three Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff with particular remits, Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Capability), Deputy CDS (Personnel and Training) and Deputy CDS (Operations). The Surgeon General, represents the Defence Medical Services on the Defence Staff, and is the clinical head of that service. | Where is the Deputy CDS that the Surgeon General represents? | Where is the Deputy CDS that the Surgeon General represents? | [
"Where is the Deputy CDS that the Surgeon General represents?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66920 | 57283d0e2ca10214002da157 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and m... | What was supposed to be signed on August 20? | What was supposed to be signed on August 20? | [
"What was supposed to be signed on August 20?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Union Treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91294 | 5ace50e432bba1001ae4a277 | Avicenna | Meanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadãn; in 1024 the fo... | What prefect wrote to Ibn Sani offering him a position? | What prefect wrote to Ibn Sani offering him a position? | [
"What prefect wrote to Ibn Sani offering him a position?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39436 | 5a8c7d6ffd22b3001a8d8924 | FA_Cup | In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then. On 20 July 1871, in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper, the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that "it is desirable that a Ch... | What season were qualifying rounds taken out of the tournament? | What season were qualifying rounds taken out of the tournament? | [
"What season were qualifying rounds taken out of the tournament?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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