gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-106242 | 5725d515ec44d21400f3d67d | Hellenistic_period | The Egyptians begrudgingly accepted the Ptolemies as the successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt, though the kingdom went through several native revolts. The Ptolemies took on the traditions of the Egyptian Pharaohs, such as marrying their siblings (Ptolemy II was the first to adopt this custom), having themsel... | Whose tradition did Ptolemy take on as leader of Egypt? | Whose tradition did Ptolemy take on as leader of Egypt? | [
"Whose tradition did Ptolemy take on as leader of Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egyptian Pharaohs"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10668 | 5acf92b877cf76001a6852ec | Comics | The term comics refers to the comics medium when used as an uncountable noun and thus takes the singular: "comics is a medium" rather than "comics are a medium". When comic appears as a countable noun it refers to instances of the medium, such as individual comic strips or comic books: "Tom's comics are in the basement... | When comic doesn't appear as a countable noun it refers to what? | When comic doesn't appear as a countable noun it refers to what? | [
"When comic doesn't appear as a countable noun it refers to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58289 | 5a2e180bf28ef0001a526791 | Federal_Aviation_Administration | On July 22, 2008, in the aftermath of the Southwest Airlines inspection scandal, a bill was unanimously approved in the House to tighten regulations concerning airplane maintenance procedures, including the establishment of a whistleblower office and a two-year "cooling off" period that FAA inspectors or supervisors of... | What did the bill require entities regulated by the FAA be called? | What did the bill require entities regulated by the FAA be called? | [
"What did the bill require entities regulated by the FAA be called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16114 | 572eb93fdfa6aa1500f8d319 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was kno... | How come no one knows for sure when Gaddafi was born? | How come no one knows for sure when Gaddafi was born? | [
"How come no one knows for sure when Gaddafi was born?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nomadic Bedouins, they were illiterate and kept no birth records"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36690 | 5a848a837cf838001a46a8f4 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | When the Majority Leader's party loses control of the House, and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy, convention suggests that they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip, respectively. As the minority party has one less leadership position after losing the speaker's c... | What did the Minority Whip successfully run for in the 112th Congress? | What did the Minority Whip successfully run for in the 112th Congress? | [
"What did the Minority Whip successfully run for in the 112th Congress?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109800 | 5ad3f120604f3c001a3ff85c | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty;... | When was the first person executed in the District of Columbia? | When was the first person executed in the District of Columbia? | [
" When was the first person executed in the District of Columbia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68592 | 5a2f4e01a83784001a7d26ee | Mesozoic | Compared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, and the Khingan M... | What was the northern continent that combined into Pangaea? | What was the northern continent that combined into Pangaea? | [
"What was the northern continent that combined into Pangaea?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52298 | 572a813cbe1ee31400cb804f | Miami | Miami has one of the largest television markets in the nation and the second largest in the state of Florida. Miami has several major newspapers, the main and largest newspaper being The Miami Herald. El Nuevo Herald is the major and largest Spanish-language newspaper. The Miami Herald and El Nuevo Herald are Miami's a... | Among television markets in Florida, where dies Miami rank? | Among television markets in Florida, where dies Miami rank? | [
"Among television markets in Florida, where dies Miami rank?"
] | {
"text": [
"second"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105428 | 572832faff5b5019007d9ee8 | History_of_science | Ibn Khaldun can be regarded as the earliest scientific systematic sociologist. The modern sociology, emerged in the early 19th century as the academic response to the modernization of the world. Among many early sociologists (e.g., Émile Durkheim), the aim of sociology was in structuralism, understanding the cohesion o... | What is the main goal of sociology? | What is the main goal of sociology? | [
"What is the main goal of sociology?"
] | {
"text": [
"understanding the cohesion of social groups"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88291 | 56d8d809dc89441400fdb326 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part... | How many continents did the torch visit? | How many continents did the torch visit? | [
"How many continents did the torch visit?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113323 | 5a87d4d219b91f001a626e48 | Vacuum | Rapid decompression can be much more dangerous than vacuum exposure itself. Even if the victim does not hold his or her breath, venting through the windpipe may be too slow to prevent the fatal rupture of the delicate alveoli of the lungs. Eardrums and sinuses may be ruptured by rapid decompression, soft tissues may br... | What does increasing oxygen consumption do to the lungs? | What does increasing oxygen consumption do to the lungs? | [
"What does increasing oxygen consumption do to the lungs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88548 | 56db37c5e7c41114004b4f67 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay |
Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngu... | What is the name of the Aboriginal elder who received the torch from Chinese officials? | What is the name of the Aboriginal elder who received the torch from Chinese officials? | [
"What is the name of the Aboriginal elder who received the torch from Chinese officials?"
] | {
"text": [
"Agnes Shea"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109293 | 5727a11d4b864d19001638da | Carnival | The Carnival continued its evolution in small/unimportant towns out of view of the rulers. The result was the uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla (see Barranquilla's Carnival) now recognized as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. The Barranquilla Carnival... | How many days does the non-stop festival go? | How many days does the non-stop festival go? | [
"How many days does the non-stop festival go?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104282 | 5ad2123dd7d075001a4282f3 | Mandolin | At the very end of the 19th century, a new style, with a carved top and back construction inspired by violin family instruments began to supplant the European-style bowl-back instruments in the United States. This new style is credited to mandolins designed and built by Orville Gibson, a Kalamazoo, Michigan luthier who... | Who founded the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co, Unlimited? | Who founded the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co, Unlimited? | [
" Who founded the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co, Unlimited?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24784 | 56cf1d3baab44d1400b88da5 | New_York_City | Under the Köppen climate classification, using the 0 °C (32 °F) coldest month (January) isotherm, New York City itself experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization. The suburbs to the immediate north and west lie in the tr... | What is the name of New York City's climate using the Köppen climate classification? | What is the name of New York City's climate using the Köppen climate classification? | [
"What is the name of New York City's climate using the Köppen climate classification?"
] | {
"text": [
"humid subtropical"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104950 | 5a3e4f88378766001a00256e | Palermo | Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architectu... | What city is the capital of the Palermo province but noit the region of Sicily? | What city is the capital of the Palermo province but noit the region of Sicily? | [
"What city is the capital of the Palermo province but noit the region of Sicily?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50708 | 56e8909199e8941900975e98 | Bern | SC Bern is the major ice hockey team of Bern who plays at the PostFinance Arena. The team has ranked highest in attendance for a European hockey team for more than a decade. The PostFinance Arena was the main host of the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship, including the opening game and the final of the tournament... | What year was the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship held in Bern? | What year was the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship held in Bern? | [
"What year was the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship held in Bern?"
] | {
"text": [
"2009"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52018 | 572a710827b69114009ef5c1 | Miami | Black labor played a crucial role in Miami's early development. During the beginning of the 20th century, migrants from the Bahamas and African-Americans constituted 40 percent of the city's population. Whatever their role in the city's growth, their community's growth was limited to a small space. When landlords began... | What was NW Fifth Avenue previously called? | What was NW Fifth Avenue previously called? | [
"What was NW Fifth Avenue previously called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Avenue J"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25891 | 5a836eeee60761001a2eb6d8 | Copper | The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds i... | What property does the final patina on copper avoid? | What property does the final patina on copper avoid? | [
"What property does the final patina on copper avoid?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55339 | 5727e0212ca10214002d9891 | Baptists | Shared doctrines would include beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus; the Trinity; the need for salvation (through belief in Jesus Christ as the son of God, his death and resurrection, and confession of Christ as Lord); grace; t... | When was the London Baptist Confession of Faith created? | When was the London Baptist Confession of Faith created? | [
"When was the London Baptist Confession of Faith created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1689"
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52664 | 57297608af94a219006aa476 | Planck_constant | There are a number of proposals to redefine certain of the SI base units in terms of fundamental physical constants. This has already been done for the metre, which is defined in terms of a fixed value of the speed of light. The most urgent unit on the list for redefinition is the kilogram, whose value has been fixed f... | Where is the base unit for the kilogram kept? | Where is the base unit for the kilogram kept? | [
"Where is the base unit for the kilogram kept?"
] | {
"text": [
"in a vault just outside Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36565 | 5a27390ac93d92001a40043b | Immaculate_Conception | Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught... | What counsel held between 1545 and 1563 affirmed the doctrine? | What counsel held between 1545 and 1563 affirmed the doctrine? | [
"What counsel held between 1545 and 1563 affirmed the doctrine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107740 | 571aa29f10f8ca140030520d | Umayyad_Caliphate | In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further ... | When did Muhammad bin Wasim sail to Pakistan? | When did Muhammad bin Wasim sail to Pakistan? | [
"When did Muhammad bin Wasim sail to Pakistan?"
] | {
"text": [
"712"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33942 | 5728a3a93acd2414000dfbb8 | Alaska | Some researchers believe that the first Russian settlement in Alaska was established in the 17th century. According to this hypothesis, in 1648 several koches of Semyon Dezhnyov's expedition came ashore in Alaska by storm and founded this settlement. This hypothesis is based on the testimony of Chukchi geographer Nikol... | Whose expedidion potentially landed in Alaska during a storm and founded a settlement in 1648? | Whose expedidion potentially landed in Alaska during a storm and founded a settlement in 1648? | [
"Whose expedidion potentially landed in Alaska during a storm and founded a settlement in 1648?"
] | {
"text": [
"Semyon Dezhnyov"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109105 | 5727645a5951b619008f894b | Carnival | While forming an integral part of the Christian calendar, particularly in Catholic regions, many Carnival traditions resemble those antedating Christianity. Italian Carnival is sometimes thought to be derived from the ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Bacchanalia. The Saturnalia, in turn, may be based on the Gr... | What happened to the men and women chosen to represent the Lord of Misrule? | What happened to the men and women chosen to represent the Lord of Misrule? | [
"What happened to the men and women chosen to represent the Lord of Misrule?"
] | {
"text": [
"horribly murdered"
],
"answer_start": [
605
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69735 | 573027b6947a6a140053d1b7 | Windows_8 | Windows Explorer, which has been renamed File Explorer, now includes a ribbon in place of the command bar. File operation dialog boxes have been updated to provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files. A new "File History" ... | What is the new name of Windows Explorer? | What is the new name of Windows Explorer? | [
"What is the new name of Windows Explorer?"
] | {
"text": [
"File Explorer"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37418 | 5728b4e33acd2414000dfd25 | Switzerland | Many Swiss also follow ice hockey and support one of the 12 clubs in the League A, which is the most attended league in Europe. In 2009, Switzerland hosted the IIHF World Championship for the 10th time. It also became World Vice-Champion in 2013. The numerous lakes make Switzerland an attractive place for sailing. The ... | Which Swiss professional wrestler is currently signed with WWE? | Which Swiss professional wrestler is currently signed with WWE? | [
"Which Swiss professional wrestler is currently signed with WWE?"
] | {
"text": [
"Claudio Castagnoli"
],
"answer_start": [
703
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12994 | 5ad009bc77cf76001a6867c7 | Republic_of_the_Congo | In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution,... | When did Bernard Kolelas win the election? | When did Bernard Kolelas win the election? | [
"When did Bernard Kolelas win the election?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40874 | 5a6bb6444eec6b001a80a51c | Predation | Among predators there is a large degree of specialization. Many predators specialize in hunting only one species of prey. Others are more opportunistic and will kill and eat almost anything (examples: humans, leopards, dogs and alligators). The specialists are usually particularly well suited to capturing their preferr... | What are single prey species always well suited for? | What are single prey species always well suited for? | [
"What are single prey species always well suited for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111631 | 572b89eb111d821400f38ef7 | Education | While considered "alternative" today, most alternative systems have existed since ancient times. After the public school system was widely developed beginning in the 19th century, some parents found reasons to be discontented with the new system. Alternative education developed in part as a reaction to perceived limita... | When were public schools become more and more developed? | When were public schools become more and more developed? | [
"When were public schools become more and more developed?"
] | {
"text": [
"19th century"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68729 | 572efe68dfa6aa1500f8d537 | Modern_history | On the Indian subcontinent, the Mughal Empire ruled most of India in the early 18th century. The "classic period" ended with the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 by the rising Hindu Maratha Empire, although the dynasty continued for another 150 years. During this period, the Empire was marked by a highly c... | What caused the death of Emperor Auranzeb? | What caused the death of Emperor Auranzeb? | [
"What caused the death of Emperor Auranzeb? "
] | {
"text": [
"the rising Hindu Maratha Empire,"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50379 | 5acee13032bba1001ae4b83b | Neptune | Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide... | What clouds form between one and six bars on Neptune? | What clouds form between one and six bars on Neptune? | [
" What clouds form between one and six bars on Neptune?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57284 | 5a543660134fea001a0e16b7 | Muslim_world | One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) ... | What philosophy is strictly produced by Muslims? | What philosophy is strictly produced by Muslims? | [
"What philosophy is strictly produced by Muslims?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40027 | 5727afea2ca10214002d93d0 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | A second New Haven gastronomical claim to fame is Louis' Lunch, which is located in a small brick building on Crown Street and has been serving fast food since 1895. Though fiercely debated, the restaurant's founder Louis Lassen is credited by the Library of Congress with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich. Lou... | Which New Haven resident patented a cast iron stove using grid irons in 1939? | Which New Haven resident patented a cast iron stove using grid irons in 1939? | [
"Which New Haven resident patented a cast iron stove using grid irons in 1939?"
] | {
"text": [
"Luigi Pieragostini"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59403 | 5726a342f1498d1400e8e596 | Electric_motor | After many other more or less successful attempts with relatively weak rotating and reciprocating apparatus the Prussian Moritz von Jacobi created the first real rotating electric motor in May 1834 that actually developed a remarkable mechanical output power. His motor set a world record which was improved only four ye... | Who created the first real electric motor? | Who created the first real electric motor? | [
"Who created the first real electric motor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Moritz von Jacobi"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66798 | 57280f144b864d190016435c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In the first session of the new Congress of People's Deputies, from May 25 to June 9, hardliners retained control but reformers used the legislature as a platform for debate and criticism – which was broadcast live and uncensored. This transfixed the population; nothing like this freewheeling debate had ever been witne... | When did Yeltsin acquire a seat on the Supreme Soviet? | When did Yeltsin acquire a seat on the Supreme Soviet? | [
"When did Yeltsin acquire a seat on the Supreme Soviet?"
] | {
"text": [
"May 29"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79328 | 57277bc0f1498d1400e8f963 | Heian_period | A struggle for succession in the mid-twelfth century gave the Fujiwara an opportunity to regain their former power. Fujiwara no Yorinaga sided with the retired emperor in a violent battle in 1156 against the heir apparent, who was supported by the Taira and Minamoto (Hōgen Rebellion). In the end, the Fujiwara were dest... | What battle resulted in the destruction of the Fujiwara? | What battle resulted in the destruction of the Fujiwara? | [
"What battle resulted in the destruction of the Fujiwara?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hōgen Rebellion"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114725 | 5ad24633d7d075001a428ade | Emotion | More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and plan... | Along with LeDoux, who wasn't a notable neurological brain researcher? | Along with LeDoux, who wasn't a notable neurological brain researcher? | [
"Along with LeDoux, who wasn't a notable neurological brain researcher?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91385 | 5726e2bf708984140094d4c7 | Avicenna | Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core... | Who did Avicenna view as inspired philosophers? | Who did Avicenna view as inspired philosophers? | [
"Who did Avicenna view as inspired philosophers?"
] | {
"text": [
"the prophets"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30281 | 5726b58df1498d1400e8e846 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | As of the 2000 United States census, there were 276,093 persons (July 2008 estimate was 380,173) and 61,371 families residing in Raleigh. The population density was 2,409.2 people per square mile (930.2/km²). There were 120,699 housing units at an average density of 1,053.2 per square mile (406.7/km²). The racial compo... | How many housing units were in Raleigh? | How many housing units were in Raleigh? | [
"How many housing units were in Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [
"120,699 housing"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13847 | 5a83202ae60761001a2eb416 | BBC_Television | The two systems were to run on a trial basis for six months; early television sets supported both resolutions. However, the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming, proved too cumbersome and visually inferior, and ended with closedo... | What type of camera did the Baird image dissector use? | What type of camera did the Baird image dissector use? | [
"What type of camera did the Baird image dissector use?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9154 | 57325a8ce99e3014001e66f8 | The_Bronx | As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke Spanish at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke English, 2.48% (31,361) African languages, 0.91% (11,455) French, 0.90% (11,355) Italian, 0.87% (10,946) various Indic languages, 0.70% (8,836) other Indo-European languages, and Chinese was spoken at... | How much of the Bronx speaks African languages at home? | How much of the Bronx speaks African languages at home? | [
"How much of the Bronx speaks African languages at home?"
] | {
"text": [
"2.48%"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30542 | 5ace39de32bba1001ae49f3e | Appalachian_Mountains | Animals that characterize the Appalachian forests include five species of tree squirrels. The most commonly seen is the low to moderate elevation eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Occupying similar habitat is the slightly larger fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) and the much smaller southern flying squirrel (Gla... | What is the northern flying squirrel smaller than? | What is the northern flying squirrel smaller than? | [
"What is the northern flying squirrel smaller than?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75974 | 56e0ca827aa994140058e6f5 | Web_browser | In 1993, browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic, "the world's first popular browser", which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person. Andreesen's browser sparked the internet boom of the 1990s. The introduction of Mosaic in 1993 –... | When Andreessen left the company he worked for, what new company did he start? | When Andreessen left the company he worked for, what new company did he start? | [
"When Andreessen left the company he worked for, what new company did he start?"
] | {
"text": [
"Netscape"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3782 | 56bf9dbda10cfb14005511c5 | Beyoncé | In 2011, documents obtained by WikiLeaks revealed that Beyoncé was one of many entertainers who performed for the family of Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi. Rolling Stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts; a spokesperson for Beyoncé later confirmed to The Huf... | Hoe did everyone learn that Beyonce performed for Kaddafi? | Hoe did everyone learn that Beyonce performed for Kaddafi? | [
"Hoe did everyone learn that Beyonce performed for Kaddafi?"
] | {
"text": [
"documents obtained by WikiLeaks"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47207 | 5726dc455951b619008f803e | Madonna_(entertainer) | Madonna gave another provocative performance later that year at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, while singing "Hollywood" with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, and Missy Elliott. Madonna sparked controversy for kissing Spears and Aguilera suggestively during the performance. In October 2003, Madonna provided guest ... | When did Madonna collaborated as guest vocals for Spears single? | When did Madonna collaborated as guest vocals for Spears single? | [
"When did Madonna collaborated as guest vocals for Spears single?"
] | {
"text": [
"October 2003"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7126 | 5731564c05b4da19006bd063 | Red | Major League Baseball is especially well known for red teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings are the oldest professional baseball team, dating back to 1869. The franchise soon relocated to Boston and is now the Atlanta Braves, but its name survives as the origin for both the Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox. During the... | What name did the Cincinnati Red Stockings become known as for a time in the 1950s? | What name did the Cincinnati Red Stockings become known as for a time in the 1950s? | [
"What name did the Cincinnati Red Stockings become known as for a time in the 1950s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Redlegs"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35906 | 572706d9f1498d1400e8f26d | Comcast | Comcast has also earned a reputation for being anti-union. According to one of the company's training manuals, "Comcast does not feel union representation is in the best interest of its employees, customers, or shareholders". A dispute in 2004 with CWA, a labor union that represented many employees at Comcast's offices... | What creative union aired grievances against Comcast in 2011? | What creative union aired grievances against Comcast in 2011? | [
"What creative union aired grievances against Comcast in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"Writers Guild of America"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63127 | 5a7a1c7c17ab25001a8a0341 | Czech_language | The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the ... | What are the Czech dialects spoken in Germany known as? | What are the Czech dialects spoken in Germany known as? | [
"What are the Czech dialects spoken in Germany known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107977 | 56e3bbe839bdeb14003478db | Estonian_language | The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed] | Which countries took part in the Northern Crusades? | Which countries took part in the Northern Crusades? | [
"Which countries took part in the Northern Crusades?"
] | {
"text": [
"Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4423 | 56de4d9ecffd8e1900b4b7e3 | Institute_of_technology | The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen Maria Theresa in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighb... | The Banská Akadémia was originally intended for training workers in what two precious metals? | The Banská Akadémia was originally intended for training workers in what two precious metals? | [
"The Banská Akadémia was originally intended for training workers in what two precious metals?"
] | {
"text": [
"silver and gold"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2423 | 56d1f365e7d4791d009025b6 | Buddhism | The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on in other planes of existence, and monks are therefore permitted to offer "new truths" based on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened peop... | Who is permitted to offer "new truths" based on Buddhas input? | Who is permitted to offer "new truths" based on Buddhas input? | [
"Who is permitted to offer \"new truths\" based on Buddhas input?"
] | {
"text": [
"monks"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32622 | 570e10d20b85d914000d7c9c | Antarctica | Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy... | What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers? | What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers? | [
"What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers?"
] | {
"text": [
"balance"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48381 | 56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a3 | Wood | Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods hav... | What kind of wood are clarinet bodies made from? | What kind of wood are clarinet bodies made from? | [
"What kind of wood are clarinet bodies made from?"
] | {
"text": [
"african blackwood"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6899 | 5731343b05b4da19006bceb0 | Red | There were guilds of dyers who specialized in red in Venice and other large Europeans cities. The Rubia plant was used to make the most common dye; it produced an orange-red or brick red color used to dye the clothes of merchants and artisans. For the wealthy, the dye used was Kermes, made from a tiny scale insect whic... | What plant was used to make the most used red dye in Venice? | What plant was used to make the most used red dye in Venice? | [
"What plant was used to make the most used red dye in Venice?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rubia"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36014 | 572711e9f1498d1400e8f315 | Comcast | In April 2005, Comcast and Time Warner Cable announced plans to buy the assets of bankrupted Adelphia Cable. The two companies paid a total of $17.6 billion in the deal that was finalized in the second quarter of 2006—after the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) completed a seven-month investigation without r... | Who was Comcast's partner in the deal for Adelphia? | Who was Comcast's partner in the deal for Adelphia? | [
"Who was Comcast's partner in the deal for Adelphia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Time Warner Cable"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112460 | 570d386cb3d812140066d564 | United_States_Army | After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West ... | In what year was the Legion of the United States established? | In what year was the Legion of the United States established? | [
"In what year was the Legion of the United States established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1791"
],
"answer_start": [
679
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81541 | 5ad17c60645df0001a2d1dfe | Queen_Victoria | Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was... | What year didn't Gladstone resign? | What year didn't Gladstone resign? | [
"What year didn't Gladstone resign?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23909 | 5acfbf1677cf76001a685c2d | Federalism | In modern times, a process of devolution in the United Kingdom has decentralised power once again. Since the 1997 referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, three of the four constituent countries of the UK now have some level of autonomy. Government has been devolved to the Sc... | What has the process of devolution in the US did? | What has the process of devolution in the US did? | [
"What has the process of devolution in the US did?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12427 | 5733c81c4776f41900661220 | Antibiotics | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | What do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right? | What do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right? | [
"What do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right?"
] | {
"text": [
"prescribe antibiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85600 | 5711165aa58dae1900cd6bfa | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | In the UK, Italy and Australia which share the PAL A region, two versions of the NES were released; the "Mattel Version" and "NES Version". When the NES was first released in those countries, it was distributed by Mattel and Nintendo decided to use a lockout chip specific to those countries, different from the chip use... | Which three countries share the PAL A region? | Which three countries share the PAL A region? | [
"Which three countries share the PAL A region?"
] | {
"text": [
"UK, Italy and Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77851 | 5acd583707355d001abf3e0a | Strasbourg | The centre of Argentoratum proper was situated on the Grande Île (Cardo: current Rue du Dôme, Decumanus: current Rue des Hallebardes). The outline of the Roman "castrum" is visible in the street pattern in the Grande Ile. Many Roman artifacts have also been found along the current Route des Romains, the road that led t... | How many people live in Koenighhoffen as if 2015? | How many people live in Koenighhoffen as if 2015? | [
"How many people live in Koenighhoffen as if 2015?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23836 | 5acfc62a77cf76001a685e76 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What may guarantee the self-governing status of the incompetent states? | What may guarantee the self-governing status of the incompetent states? | [
"What may guarantee the self-governing status of the incompetent states?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48898 | 5aceb75132bba1001ae4b149 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | In about 319, when Athanasius was a deacon, a presbyter named Arius came into a direct conflict with Alexander of Alexandria. It appears that Arius reproached Alexander for what he felt were misguided or heretical teachings being taught by the bishop. Arius's theological views appear to have been firmly rooted in Alexa... | Who was communicated by Alexander? | Who was communicated by Alexander? | [
"Who was communicated by Alexander?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61640 | 572821c33acd2414000df53d | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Pippy Park is an urban park located in the east end of the city; with over 3,400 acres (14 km2) of land, it is one of Canada's largest urban parks. The park contains a range of recreational facilities including two golf courses, Newfoundland and Labrador's largest serviced campground, walking and skiing trails as well ... | How many golf courses does Pippy Park have? | How many golf courses does Pippy Park have? | [
"How many golf courses does Pippy Park have?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39015 | 572a119a6aef05140015522d | Serbo-Croatian | Nationalists have conflicting views about the language(s). The nationalists among the Croats conflictingly claim either that they speak an entirely separate language from Serbs and Bosnians or that these two peoples have, due to the longer lexicographic tradition among Croats, somehow "borrowed" their standard language... | Which language did Ljudevit Gaj and Vuk Karadzic prefer? | Which language did Ljudevit Gaj and Vuk Karadzic prefer? | [
"Which language did Ljudevit Gaj and Vuk Karadzic prefer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Neoštokavian-Ijekavian"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20757 | 56cd7ca662d2951400fa6629 | IPod | The advertised battery life on most models is different from the real-world achievable life. For example, the fifth generation 30 GB iPod is advertised as having up to 14 hours of music playback. An MP3.com report stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions, with a writer for MP3.com ge... | How long were 5th generation iPods marketed as being able to function before needing to be charged? | How long were 5th generation iPods marketed as being able to function before needing to be charged? | [
"How long were 5th generation iPods marketed as being able to function before needing to be charged?"
] | {
"text": [
"14 hours"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4763 | 5729693f3f37b3190047834e | Green | Many minerals provide pigments which have been used in green paints and dyes over the centuries. Pigments, in this case, are minerals which reflect the color green, rather that emitting it through luminescent or phosphorescent qualities. The large number of green pigments makes it impossible to mention them all. Among ... | What are green paints and dyes usually made of? | What are green paints and dyes usually made of? | [
"What are green paints and dyes usually made of?"
] | {
"text": [
"minerals"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11516 | 5727af682ca10214002d93ba | North_Carolina | In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Car... | What Hockey team is located in Raleigh? | What Hockey team is located in Raleigh? | [
"What Hockey team is located in Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carolina Hurricanes"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46832 | 57277e13f1498d1400e8f9ab | Textual_criticism | The collation of all known variants of a text is referred to as a variorum, namely a work of textual criticism whereby all variations and emendations are set side by side so that a reader can track how textual decisions have been made in the preparation of a text for publication. The Bible and the works of William Shak... | What is the purpose of a variorum? | What is the purpose of a variorum? | [
"What is the purpose of a variorum?"
] | {
"text": [
"so that a reader can track how textual decisions have been made in the preparation of a text for publication"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17818 | 56cee7a2aab44d1400b88c60 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid compe... | On what date was Spectre first shown for general audiences? | On what date was Spectre first shown for general audiences? | [
"On what date was Spectre first shown for general audiences?"
] | {
"text": [
"26 October 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43899 | 56d113b717492d1400aab8b2 | Kanye_West | With his third album, Graduation (2007), West moved away from the sound of his previous releases and towards a more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape. The musical evolution arose from him listening to music genres encompassing European Britpop and Euro-disco, American alternative and indie-rock... | What year was Kanye West's third album released? | What year was Kanye West's third album released? | [
"What year was Kanye West's third album released?"
] | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89692 | 57302f95b2c2fd1400568a1b | The_Blitz | Airborne Interception radar (AI) was unreliable. The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting. Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail. Of greater potential w... | What was considered unreliable? | What was considered unreliable? | [
"What was considered unreliable?"
] | {
"text": [
"Airborne Interception radar"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74882 | 570e82630b85d914000d7f6b | Melbourne | The city reaches south-east through Dandenong to the growth corridor of Pakenham towards West Gippsland, and southward through the Dandenong Creek valley, the Mornington Peninsula and the city of Frankston taking in the peaks of Olivers Hill, Mount Martha and Arthurs Seat, extending along the shores of Port Phillip as ... | Little River marks the boundary between Geelong and which other city? | Little River marks the boundary between Geelong and which other city? | [
"Little River marks the boundary between Geelong and which other city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Melbourne"
],
"answer_start": [
763
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90153 | 5726b792dd62a815002e8de4 | Somerset | State schools in Somerset are provided by three local education authorities: Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset, and the larger Somerset County Council. All state schools are comprehensive. In some areas primary, infant and junior schools cater for ages four to eleven, after which the pupils move on to second... | How many state and independent secondary schools in Somerset | How many state and independent secondary schools in Somerset | [
"How many state and independent secondary schools in Somerset "
] | {
"text": [
"Somerset has 30 state and 17 independent secondary schools"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110963 | 5a81bf4631013a001a334e39 | Group_(mathematics) | To understand groups beyond the level of mere symbolic manipulations as above, more structural concepts have to be employed.c[›] There is a conceptual principle underlying all of the following notions: to take advantage of the structure offered by groups (which sets, being "structureless", do not have), constructions r... | What function is used to break groups into pieces? | What function is used to break groups into pieces? | [
"What function is used to break groups into pieces?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75425 | 5ad16586645df0001a2d1999 | Labour_Party_(UK) | The party's decision-making bodies on a national level formally include the National Executive Committee (NEC), Labour Party Conference and National Policy Forum (NPF)—although in practice the Parliamentary leadership has the final say on policy. The 2008 Labour Party Conference was the first at which affiliated trade ... | What includes less keynote addresses now? | What includes less keynote addresses now? | [
"What includes less keynote addresses now?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23119 | 5ad0d264645df0001a2d0544 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as develope... | What was another title for the 2008 Human Development Report? | What was another title for the 2008 Human Development Report? | [
" What was another title for the 2008 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76223 | 5a57ec9d770dc0001aeefec7 | Utrecht | The fortified city temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was only stopped west of Utrecht at the Old Hollandic Waterline. In 1674, only two years after the French left, the centre of Utrecht was struck by a tornado. The halt to building before construction of fly... | What did Utrecht host in the 17th century? | What did Utrecht host in the 17th century? | [
"What did Utrecht host in the 17th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21215 | 5a77477c2d6d7f001a4a9f9e | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language (though it lacks de jure status) and is used in government. However, the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas. Texas's counties bordering Mexico are mostly Hispanic, and consequently, Spanish is commonly spok... | Are there exceptions to Mexico official language? | Are there exceptions to Mexico official language? | [
"Are there exceptions to Mexico official language?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55868 | 57261b6dec44d21400f3d8f1 | Clothing | Though mechanization transformed most aspects of human industry by the mid-20th century, garment workers have continued to labor under challenging conditions that demand repetitive manual labor. Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of be... | What type of conditions do many garment works endure? | What type of conditions do many garment works endure? | [
"What type of conditions do many garment works endure?"
] | {
"text": [
"challenging"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14182 | 56f986ed9b226e1400dd1510 | Brain | In vertebrates, the part of the brain that plays the greatest role is the hypothalamus, a small region at the base of the forebrain whose size does not reflect its complexity or the importance of its function. The hypothalamus is a collection of small nuclei, most of which are involved in basic biological functions. So... | The hypothalamus is located at the base of what? | The hypothalamus is located at the base of what? | [
"The hypothalamus is located at the base of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the forebrain"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63356 | 5725c53d89a1e219009abe58 | Buckingham_Palace | Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden. He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown... | Which king failed to execute Goring's freehold document before fleeing to London? | Which king failed to execute Goring's freehold document before fleeing to London? | [
"Which king failed to execute Goring's freehold document before fleeing to London?"
] | {
"text": [
"King Charles I"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41888 | 5730a569069b531400832201 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | During the NES era, Nintendo maintained exclusive control over titles released for the system—the company had to approve every game, each third-party developer could only release up to five games per year (but some third parties got around this by using different names, for example Konami's "Ultra Games" brand), those ... | For how many years did Nintendo require exclusivity on NES games? | For how many years did Nintendo require exclusivity on NES games? | [
"For how many years did Nintendo require exclusivity on NES games?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106239 | 5725d3b8ec44d21400f3d653 | Hellenistic_period | Ptolemy, a somatophylax, one of the seven bodyguards who served as Alexander the Great's generals and deputies, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In 305 BC, he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as "Soter" (saviour) for his role in helping the Rhodians during the siege of Rhodes... | When did Ptolemy declare himself King Ptolemy I? | When did Ptolemy declare himself King Ptolemy I? | [
"When did Ptolemy declare himself King Ptolemy I?"
] | {
"text": [
"305 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93595 | 5728b21f2ca10214002da5f4 | Estonia | Some Estonians, unwilling to side directly with the Nazis, joined the Finnish Army (which was allied with the Nazis) to fight against the Soviet Union. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 (Estonian: soomepoisid) was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland. Although many Estonians were recruited into the German armed... | Who composed the The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200? | Who composed the The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200? | [
"Who composed the The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200?"
] | {
"text": [
"Estonian volunteers in Finland"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77933 | 5727fa644b864d1900164124 | Strasbourg | A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstet... | Where is Fort Roon Located? | Where is Fort Roon Located? | [
"Where is Fort Roon Located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mundolsheim"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20466 | 572988531d04691400779514 | Glass | Although the atomic structure of glass shares characteristics of the structure in a supercooled liquid, glass tends to behave as a solid below its glass transition temperature. A supercooled liquid behaves as a liquid, but it is below the freezing point of the material, and in some cases will crystallize almost instant... | What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature? | What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature? | [
"What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature?"
] | {
"text": [
"A supercooled liquid"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53230 | 5a512d7dce860b001aa3fbf1 | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of D... | What region was liberated by the Tibetan Empire? | What region was liberated by the Tibetan Empire? | [
"What region was liberated by the Tibetan Empire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108232 | 5acd18c407355d001abf349b | Aspirated_consonant | Voiced consonants are seldom actually aspirated. Symbols for voiced consonants followed by ⟨◌ʰ⟩, such as ⟨bʰ⟩, typically represent consonants with breathy voiced release (see below). In the grammatical tradition of Sanskrit, aspirated consonants are called voiceless aspirated, and breathy-voiced consonants are called v... | Symbols for voiceless consonants are typical in what language? | Symbols for voiceless consonants are typical in what language? | [
"Symbols for voiceless consonants are typical in what language?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94000 | 572ea15acb0c0d14000f139f | Cyprus | The majority of Cypriots receive their higher education at Greek, British, Turkish, other European and North American universities. It is noteworthy that Cyprus currently has the highest percentage of citizens of working age who have higher-level education in the EU at 30% which is ahead of Finland's 29.5%. In addition... | How many Cypriots students attend school outside of the country | How many Cypriots students attend school outside of the country | [
"How many Cypriots students attend school outside of the country"
] | {
"text": [
"78.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114794 | 5a7db7f770df9f001a875088 | Matter | Different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientif... | What is poorly defined besides matter? | What is poorly defined besides matter? | [
"What is poorly defined besides matter?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82886 | 56e07be97aa994140058e55d | Saint_Helena | The first aircraft, a South African Beechcraft King Air 200, landed at the new airport on 15 September 2015, prior to conducting a series of flights to calibrate the airport's radio navigation equipment. | What kind of aircraft was the first to land at the new airport? | What kind of aircraft was the first to land at the new airport? | [
"What kind of aircraft was the first to land at the new airport?"
] | {
"text": [
"South African Beechcraft King Air 200"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21914 | 5acd878b07355d001abf45dd | Aircraft_carrier | India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautica... | What will not power the Indian-made ship? | What will not power the Indian-made ship? | [
"What will not power the Indian-made ship?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4570 | 5a610693e9e1cc001a33ce4d | Pope_John_XXIII | Roncalli was summoned to the final ballot of the conclave at 4:00 pm. He was elected pope at 4:30 pm with a total of 38 votes. After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who – it was presumed because of his advanced age – would be a short-term or "stop-gap" pope. They wished to choose a cand... | What time was Cardinal Eugene Tisserant elected as Pope? | What time was Cardinal Eugene Tisserant elected as Pope? | [
"What time was Cardinal Eugene Tisserant elected as Pope?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65834 | 5719d8214faf5e1900b8a81d | Seattle | As prosperity began to return in the 1980s, the city was stunned by the Wah Mee massacre in 1983, when 13 people were killed in an illegal gambling club in the International District, Seattle's Chinatown. Beginning with Microsoft's 1979 move from Albuquerque, New Mexico to nearby Bellevue, Washington, Seattle and its s... | What type of establishment was Wan Mee? | What type of establishment was Wan Mee? | [
"What type of establishment was Wan Mee?"
] | {
"text": [
"gambling club"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30137 | 5726ad6add62a815002e8cb4 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | The city's location was chosen, in part, for being within 11 mi (18 km) of Isaac Hunter's Tavern, a popular tavern frequented by the state legislators. No known city or town existed previously on the chosen city site. Raleigh is one of the few cities in the United States that was planned and built specifically to serve... | What city was the plan based on? | What city was the plan based on? | [
"What city was the plan based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philadelphia"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99072 | 57278768708984140094e00a | Turner_Classic_Movies | TCM regularly airs a "Star of the Month" throughout the year on Wednesdays starting at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, in which most, if not all, feature films from a classic film star are shown during that night's schedule. Hosted by Robert Osbourne, the network also marks the occurrence of a film actor's birthday (either ant... | Who hosts the Star of the Month films? | Who hosts the Star of the Month films? | [
"Who hosts the Star of the Month films?"
] | {
"text": [
"Robert Osbourne"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69463 | 570a9e836d058f190018300a | Houston | The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiat... | What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic offer? | What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic offer? | [
"What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic offer?"
] | {
"text": [
"psychiatric"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80372 | 572fc5c004bcaa1900d76cec | Bacteria | Unlike in multicellular organisms, increases in cell size (cell growth) and reproduction by cell division are tightly linked in unicellular organisms. Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction. Under optimal conditions, bacteria can grow and divide extremely... | What are produced in cell division? | What are produced in cell division? | [
"What are produced in cell division?"
] | {
"text": [
"two identical clone daughter cells"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
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