gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-71541 | 5727e7144b864d1900163fa3 | Oklahoma | Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In th... | How many US House reps did Oklahoma have after the 2000 census? | How many US House reps did Oklahoma have after the 2000 census? | [
"How many US House reps did Oklahoma have after the 2000 census?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67419 | 5a10485adecec90018475604 | Hanover | In 1837, the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended because William IV's heir in the United Kingdom was female (Queen Victoria). Hanover could be inherited only by male heirs. Thus, Hanover passed to William IV's brother, Ernest Augustus, and remained a kingdom until 1866, when it was annexed by Prussia... | Who is Hanover expected to lose to at the battle of Langensalza? | Who is Hanover expected to lose to at the battle of Langensalza? | [
"Who is Hanover expected to lose to at the battle of Langensalza?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83268 | 5ad249dcd7d075001a428ba5 | Dominican_Order | In July 1215, with the approbation of Bishop Foulques of Toulouse, Dominic ordered his followers into an institutional life. Its purpose was revolutionary in the pastoral ministry of the Catholic Church. These priests were organized and well trained in religious studies. Dominic needed a framework—a rule—to organize th... | What year did Diego order his followers into an institutional life? | What year did Diego order his followers into an institutional life? | [
"What year did Diego order his followers into an institutional life?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107837 | 571aa54410f8ca1400305248 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | What was the ethnicity of the Kalb tribe? | What was the ethnicity of the Kalb tribe? | [
"What was the ethnicity of the Kalb tribe?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84471 | 572fe048b2c2fd1400568546 | San_Diego | Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the ... | What was the name of the treaty developed between Mexico and the United States in 1848? | What was the name of the treaty developed between Mexico and the United States in 1848? | [
"What was the name of the treaty developed between Mexico and the United States in 1848?"
] | {
"text": [
"Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18605 | 5726e613dd62a815002e9454 | Nigeria | Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2012. Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports). It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide. Nigeria is the 50th-largest export market f... | How much growth did the IMF expect Nigeria's economy to have in 2009? | How much growth did the IMF expect Nigeria's economy to have in 2009? | [
"How much growth did the IMF expect Nigeria's economy to have in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"8.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5425 | 572a2dee6aef051400155343 | Digimon | On August 17, 2011, Shueisha's V-Jump magazine announced a sequel set one year later, a third arc of Xros Wars subtitled The Young Hunters Who Leapt Through Time, which aired from October 2, 2011 to March 25, 2012, following on from the previous arc. It focuses on a new protagonist, Tagiru Akashi and his partner Gumdra... | What was the original run of the third arc of Digimon? | What was the original run of the third arc of Digimon? | [
"What was the original run of the third arc of Digimon?"
] | {
"text": [
"October 2, 2011 to March 25, 2012"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69776 | 5ad497fcba00c4001a268ce1 | Windows_8 | Windows 8 provides heavier integration with online services from Microsoft and others. A user can now log in to Windows with a Microsoft account, which can be used to access services and synchronize applications and settings between devices. Windows 8 also ships with a client app for Microsoft's SkyDrive cloud storage ... | What features doesn't Xbox Live hub offer? | What features doesn't Xbox Live hub offer? | [
"What features doesn't Xbox Live hub offer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1841 | 570b4563ec8fbc190045b943 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies o... | What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to North Korea? | What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to North Korea? | [
"What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to North Korea?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
579
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96572 | 5a8c7970fd22b3001a8d8894 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | An early non-Christian reference to the crucifixion of Jesus is likely to be Mara Bar-Serapion's letter to his son, written sometime after AD 73 but before the 3rd century AD. The letter includes no Christian themes and the author is presumed to be a pagan. The letter refers to the retributions that followed the unjust... | Who did Socrates write a letter to about the crucifixion? | Who did Socrates write a letter to about the crucifixion? | [
"Who did Socrates write a letter to about the crucifixion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49774 | 56cd480b62d2951400fa6511 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Chen Qingying, Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions. Of the county (zong or dzong) lea... | How many households were the offices of Wanhu in charge of? | How many households were the offices of Wanhu in charge of? | [
"How many households were the offices of Wanhu in charge of?"
] | {
"text": [
"10,000 households"
],
"answer_start": [
744
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83236 | 5ad246f8d7d075001a428b14 | Dominican_Order | As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality. During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors. After he completed his studies, Bish... | Who entered the priesthood at the age of 30? | Who entered the priesthood at the age of 30? | [
"Who entered the priesthood at the age of 30?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80208 | 5a629330f8d794001af1c0f8 | Samoa | In music, popular local bands include The Five Stars, Penina o Tiafau and Punialava'a. The Yandall Sisters' cover of the song Sweet Inspiration reached number one on the New Zealand charts in 1974. King Kapisi was the first hip hop artist to receive the prestigious New Zealand APRA Silver Scroll Award in 1999 for his s... | When did the band The Five Stars reach number one on the New Zealand charts? | When did the band The Five Stars reach number one on the New Zealand charts? | [
"When did the band The Five Stars reach number one on the New Zealand charts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43406 | 57262d6838643c19005ad2ab | Korean_War | With the end of the war with Japan, the Chinese Civil War resumed between the Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists. While the Communists were struggling for supremacy in Manchuria, they were supported by the North Korean government with matériel and manpower. According to Chinese sources, the North Koreans d... | How much material did the North Koreans give to the Chinese communists? | How much material did the North Koreans give to the Chinese communists? | [
"How much material did the North Koreans give to the Chinese communists?"
] | {
"text": [
"2,000 railway cars worth"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60729 | 5a36ff0395360f001af1b3b8 | Gregorian_calendar | Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap... | Who was affected by Philip II's switch to the Julian calendar? | Who was affected by Philip II's switch to the Julian calendar? | [
"Who was affected by Philip II's switch to the Julian calendar?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79174 | 56cda92362d2951400fa67dc | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | In the PAL region, which covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, Twilight Princess is the best-selling entry in the Zelda series. During its first week, the game was sold with three of every four Wii purchases. The game had sold 5.82 million copies on the Wii as of March 31, 2011[update], and 1.32 million on ... | What is the name of the area which includes most countries not located in North, Central or South America? | What is the name of the area which includes most countries not located in North, Central or South America? | [
"What is the name of the area which includes most countries not located in North, Central or South America?"
] | {
"text": [
"PAL"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85907 | 57112be4a58dae1900cd6cec | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The NES dropped the hardwired controllers, instead featuring two custom 7-pin ports on the front of the console. Also in contrast to the Famicom, the controllers included with the NES were identical to each other—the second controller lacked the microphone that was present on the Famicom model and possessed the same ST... | The second controller possessed the START and SELECT buttons as what other device? | The second controller possessed the START and SELECT buttons as what other device? | [
"The second controller possessed the START and SELECT buttons as what other device?"
] | {
"text": [
"primary controller"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92340 | 5a503d98ce860b001aa3fb1f | Asthma | From 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer among children an... | Who was the primary payer for low income communities from 2000 to 2010? | Who was the primary payer for low income communities from 2000 to 2010? | [
"Who was the primary payer for low income communities from 2000 to 2010?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12074 | 56e1604bcd28a01900c67832 | Universal_Studios | As Universal's main product had always been low-budget film, it was one of the last major studios to have a contract with Technicolor. The studio did not make use of the three-strip Technicolor process until Arabian Nights (1942), starring Jon Hall and Maria Montez. The following year, Technicolor was also used in Univ... | What actress starred in Arabian Nights? | What actress starred in Arabian Nights? | [
"What actress starred in Arabian Nights?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maria Montez"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48297 | 56fa3d788f12f31900630100 | Wood | Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between diff... | Variation in what measurement is sometimes greater within one tree than from one tree to another? | Variation in what measurement is sometimes greater within one tree than from one tree to another? | [
"Variation in what measurement is sometimes greater within one tree than from one tree to another?"
] | {
"text": [
"density"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106941 | 573449b1acc1501500babd99 | Hunting | In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of ... | Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory? | Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory? | [
"Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?"
] | {
"text": [
"the upper class"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48195 | 56fa104bf34c681400b0bf9b | Wood | Abnormal discoloration of wood often denotes a diseased condition, indicating unsoundness. The black check in western hemlock is the result of insect attacks. The reddish-brown streaks so common in hickory and certain other woods are mostly the result of injury by birds. The discoloration is merely an indication of an ... | What's the name for the pretty coloring effect caused in some wood by rot-producing fungi? | What's the name for the pretty coloring effect caused in some wood by rot-producing fungi? | [
"What's the name for the pretty coloring effect caused in some wood by rot-producing fungi?"
] | {
"text": [
"spalting"
],
"answer_start": [
551
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94520 | 57268918708984140094c935 | Queen_(band) | By 1976, Queen were back in the studio recording A Day at the Races, which is often regarded as a sequel album to A Night at the Opera. It again borrowed the name of a Marx Brothers movie, and its cover was similar to that of A Night at the Opera, a variation on the same Queen Crest. The most recognisable of the Marx B... | Which Queen members layered their voices on Somebody to Love? | Which Queen members layered their voices on Somebody to Love? | [
"Which Queen members layered their voices on Somebody to Love?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mercury, May, and Taylor"
],
"answer_start": [
718
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108674 | 572ca3fcf182dd1900d7c814 | Tennessee | The Baker v. Carr (1962) decision of the US Supreme Court established the principle of "one man, one vote", requiring state legislatures to redistrict to bring Congressional apportionment in line with decennial censuses. It also required both houses of state legislatures to be based on population for representation and... | A bias in Tennessee politics favoring which type of geographical district gave rise to the Baker v. Carr Supreme Court case? | A bias in Tennessee politics favoring which type of geographical district gave rise to the Baker v. Carr Supreme Court case? | [
"A bias in Tennessee politics favoring which type of geographical district gave rise to the Baker v. Carr Supreme Court case?"
] | {
"text": [
"rural"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91820 | 572673e2f1498d1400e8e016 | Cotton | The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated from 5000 BC have been excavated in Mexico and the Indus Valley Civilization in Ancient India (modern-day Pakistan and some p... | What machinery has lead to the easily made and widespread use of cotton? | What machinery has lead to the easily made and widespread use of cotton? | [
"What machinery has lead to the easily made and widespread use of cotton?"
] | {
"text": [
"cotton gin"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58971 | 5a2ee6eea83784001a7d2530 | A_cappella | Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) an... | Who opposed a capella music in worship during the 18th century? | Who opposed a capella music in worship during the 18th century? | [
"Who opposed a capella music in worship during the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50340 | 5acecd6532bba1001ae4b4a5 | Neptune | Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four ... | What is the equatoral radius of Earth? | What is the equatoral radius of Earth? | [
"What is the equatoral radius of Earth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39999 | 5727abea3acd2414000de942 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The city is home to New Haven Promise, a scholarship funded by Yale University for students who meet the requirements. Students must be enrolled in a public high school (charters included) for four years, be a resident of the city during that time, carry a 3.0 cumulative grade-point average, have a 90-percent attendanc... | What is the minimum attendance rate for a student to be eligible for the New Haven Promise Scholarship? | What is the minimum attendance rate for a student to be eligible for the New Haven Promise Scholarship? | [
"What is the minimum attendance rate for a student to be eligible for the New Haven Promise Scholarship?"
] | {
"text": [
"90-percent"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-901 | 5a8450567cf838001a46a707 | Endangered_Species_Act | One species in particular received widespread attention—the whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disapp... | How many years did it take for the whooping crane to disappear? | How many years did it take for the whooping crane to disappear? | [
"How many years did it take for the whooping crane to disappear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76045 | 5a4d3d877a6c4c001a2bbc7d | Web_browser | Safari and Mobile Safari were likewise always included with OS X and iOS respectively, so, similarly, they were originally funded by sales of Apple computers and mobile devices, and formed part of the overall Apple experience to customers. | What did Apple customers provide to Apple? | What did Apple customers provide to Apple? | [
"What did Apple customers provide to Apple?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80265 | 572f9551a23a5019007fc7af | Bacteria | There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immun... | What type of bacteria can cause infectious diseases? | What type of bacteria can cause infectious diseases? | [
"What type of bacteria can cause infectious diseases?"
] | {
"text": [
"pathogenic"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89701 | 5730359db2c2fd1400568a73 | The_Blitz | Nevertheless, it was radar that proved to be critical weapon in the night battles over Britain from this point onward. Dowding had introduced the concept of airborne radar and encouraged its usage. Eventually it would become a success. On the night of 22/23 July 1940, Flying Officer Cyril Ashfield (pilot), Pilot Office... | What was critical in the night battles over Britain? | What was critical in the night battles over Britain? | [
"What was critical in the night battles over Britain?"
] | {
"text": [
"radar"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46238 | 5ad3dfe2604f3c001a3ff499 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions a... | What is one of the Protestant religions who are fine with blood transfusions? | What is one of the Protestant religions who are fine with blood transfusions? | [
"What is one of the Protestant religions who are fine with blood transfusions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15029 | 5ad3dc10604f3c001a3ff3f1 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings,... | How was Whitehead's theory of non-gravitation received? | How was Whitehead's theory of non-gravitation received? | [
"How was Whitehead's theory of non-gravitation received?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69442 | 570a9a214103511400d59867 | Houston | According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani,... | What percentage of Houston's population is African-American? | What percentage of Houston's population is African-American? | [
"What percentage of Houston's population is African-American?"
] | {
"text": [
"25%"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25759 | 57096523ed30961900e8408c | Copper | In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr... | What was copper called in Greece? | What was copper called in Greece? | [
"What was copper called in Greece?"
] | {
"text": [
"chalkos"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9737 | 5725ebb3ec44d21400f3d756 | Montevideo | Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls an... | How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915? | How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915? | [
"How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,500 inpatients"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74743 | 570e63fe0dc6ce1900205005 | Melbourne | Melbourne is notable as the host city for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games (the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere and Oceania, with all previous games held in Europe and the United States), along with the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Melbourne is so far the southernmost city to host the games. The city is ho... | In what three years was Melbourne proclaimed the "World's Ultimate Sports City"? | In what three years was Melbourne proclaimed the "World's Ultimate Sports City"? | [
"In what three years was Melbourne proclaimed the \"World's Ultimate Sports City\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006, 2008 and 2010"
],
"answer_start": [
732
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95896 | 57263081ec44d21400f3dbe8 | Hokkien | During the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China, there was constant warfare occurring in the Central Plain of China. Northerners began to enter into Fujian region, causing the region to incorporate parts of northern Chinese dialects. However, the massive migration of northern Han Chinese into Fujian region mainly occ... | What language was spoken in the central plain of China up until the 3rd century? | What language was spoken in the central plain of China up until the 3rd century? | [
"What language was spoken in the central plain of China up until the 3rd century?"
] | {
"text": [
"old Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18599 | 5726e4e2708984140094d50c | Nigeria | Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous nation... | What are the Nigerian states' sub-divisions called? | What are the Nigerian states' sub-divisions called? | [
"What are the Nigerian states' sub-divisions called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Local Government Areas"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93079 | 5733e8cad058e614000b6566 | Tajikistan | Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major... | What type of religions concerns are there? | What type of religions concerns are there? | [
"What type of religions concerns are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"minority religious groups undermine national unity"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-734 | 56df6d765ca0a614008f9a0f | Plymouth | Plymouth has a post-war shopping area in the city centre with substantial pedestrianisation. At the west end of the zone inside a grade II listed building is the Pannier Market that was completed in 1959 – pannier meaning "basket" from French, so it translates as "basket market". In terms of retail floorspace, Plymouth... | What is Plymouth's national rank in retail floorspace? | What is Plymouth's national rank in retail floorspace? | [
"What is Plymouth's national rank in retail floorspace?"
] | {
"text": [
"29th"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64147 | 5ace8ac432bba1001ae4a9e3 | Annelid | Terrestrial annelids can be invasive in some situations. In the glaciated areas of North America, for example, almost all native earthworms are thought to have been killed by the glaciers and the worms currently found in those areas are all introduced from other areas, primarily from Europe, and, more recently, from As... | Where were asian earthworms killed by glaciers? | Where were asian earthworms killed by glaciers? | [
"Where were asian earthworms killed by glaciers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11723 | 56fae0a58f12f3190063021b | Somalis | An estimated 20,000 Somalis emigrated to the U.S. state of Minnesota some ten years ago and the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and Saint Paul) now have the highest population of Somalis in North America. The city of Minneapolis hosts hundreds of Somali-owned and operated businesses offering a variety of products, including l... | What area of Minneapolis contains a notable number of Somalis? | What area of Minneapolis contains a notable number of Somalis? | [
"What area of Minneapolis contains a notable number of Somalis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cedar-Riverside"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8623 | 5acdf31832bba1001ae498ba | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | What event led to the abolishment of the RSFSR? | What event led to the abolishment of the RSFSR? | [
"What event led to the abolishment of the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103844 | 5734192ad058e614000b6944 | Montana | There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state is F... | What is the name of the largest reservoir in the state? | What is the name of the largest reservoir in the state? | [
"What is the name of the largest reservoir in the state?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fort Peck Reservoir"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16766 | 572abb9a34ae481900deac87 | Friedrich_Hayek | However, for his part, Hayek found this term "singularly unattractive" and offered the term "Old Whig" (a phrase borrowed from Edmund Burke) instead. In his later life, he said, "I am becoming a Burkean Whig." However, Whiggery as a political doctrine had little affinity for classical political economy, the tabernacle ... | What did Hayek suggest as an alternative to being called a libertarian? | What did Hayek suggest as an alternative to being called a libertarian? | [
"What did Hayek suggest as an alternative to being called a libertarian?"
] | {
"text": [
"Old Whig"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106001 | 56e0f3a5231d4119001ac4d2 | Space_Race | He justified the program in terms of its importance to national security, and its focus of the nation's energies on other scientific and social fields. He rallied popular support for the program in his "We choose to go to the Moon" speech, on September 12, 1962, before a large crowd at Rice University Stadium, in Houst... | "We choose to go to the Moon" speech was given at what location in Texas? | "We choose to go to the Moon" speech was given at what location in Texas? | [
"\"We choose to go to the Moon\" speech was given at what location in Texas?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rice University Stadium"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62364 | 5728e1754b864d1900165001 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament. Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament... | How long did Bonner serve as a Liberal Senator? | How long did Bonner serve as a Liberal Senator? | [
"How long did Bonner serve as a Liberal Senator?"
] | {
"text": [
"12 years"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75840 | 5706021752bb891400689798 | The_Times | In November 2003, News International began producing the newspaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes. On 13 September 2004, the weekday broadsheet was withdrawn from sale in Northern Ireland. Since 1 November 2004, the paper has been printed solely in tabloid format. | In what year did News International begin producing The Times in both broadsheet in tabloid sizes? | In what year did News International begin producing The Times in both broadsheet in tabloid sizes? | [
"In what year did News International begin producing The Times in both broadsheet in tabloid sizes?"
] | {
"text": [
"2003"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14814 | 5ad3cd8e604f3c001a3ff196 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | A second problem with materialism is that it obscures the importance of relations. It sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects. Each object is simply an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things. The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fu... | What is Whitehead's non-belief regarding the importance of relations? | What is Whitehead's non-belief regarding the importance of relations? | [
" What is Whitehead's non-belief regarding the importance of relations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17413 | 5ad115f9645df0001a2d0cf8 | Uranium | Uranium was also used in photographic chemicals (especially uranium nitrate as a toner), in lamp filaments for stage lighting bulbs, to improve the appearance of dentures, and in the leather and wood industries for stains and dyes. Uranium salts are mordants of silk or wool. Uranyl acetate and uranyl formate are used a... | What light bulbs don't use lamp filaments containing uranium? | What light bulbs don't use lamp filaments containing uranium? | [
"What light bulbs don't use lamp filaments containing uranium?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53758 | 56e8346300c9c71400d7762d | Dialect | Similar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view and the view in the ... | Along with Serbian, with what language is Macedonian mutually intelligible? | Along with Serbian, with what language is Macedonian mutually intelligible? | [
"Along with Serbian, with what language is Macedonian mutually intelligible?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bulgarian"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12513 | 5a65e8ebc2b11c001a425df0 | Antibiotics | Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a... | Vaccines made from what have been replaced by less protein carriers? | Vaccines made from what have been replaced by less protein carriers? | [
"Vaccines made from what have been replaced by less protein carriers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82434 | 56e72ec800c9c71400d76eea | Daylight_saving_time | In the case of the United States where a one-hour shift occurs at 02:00 local time, in spring the clock jumps forward from the last moment of 01:59 standard time to 03:00 DST and that day has 23 hours, whereas in autumn the clock jumps backward from the last moment of 01:59 DST to 01:00 standard time, repeating that ho... | At the time change to DST, what will a digital clock read just after 01:59:59.9? | At the time change to DST, what will a digital clock read just after 01:59:59.9? | [
"At the time change to DST, what will a digital clock read just after 01:59:59.9?"
] | {
"text": [
"03:00:00.0"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32705 | 570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dc3 | Antarctica | About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo D... | How is it postulated that Mars life might have evolved? | How is it postulated that Mars life might have evolved? | [
"How is it postulated that Mars life might have evolved?"
] | {
"text": [
"similar to Antarctic"
],
"answer_start": [
960
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25489 | 5730f654e6313a140071cb05 | Namibia | Weather and climate in the coastal area are dominated by the cold, north-flowing Benguela current of the Atlantic Ocean which accounts for very low precipitation (50 mm per year or less), frequent dense fog, and overall lower temperatures than in the rest of the country. In Winter, occasionally a condition known as Ber... | What is the condition that happens in winter in Namibia? | What is the condition that happens in winter in Namibia? | [
"What is the condition that happens in winter in Namibia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bergwind"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24383 | 56de1377cffd8e1900b4b5b6 | Lighting | Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used ... | What is the used to achieve a practical effect? | What is the used to achieve a practical effect? | [
"What is the used to achieve a practical effect?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lighting or illumination"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85869 | 5ad2b05ed7d075001a429f3f | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The original model Famicom featured two game controllers, both of which were hardwired to the back of the console. The second controller lacked the START and SELECT buttons, but featured a small microphone. Relatively few games made use of this feature. The earliest produced Famicom units initially had square A and B b... | What shape were the D and E buttons on the earliest Famicom controllers? | What shape were the D and E buttons on the earliest Famicom controllers? | [
" What shape were the D and E buttons on the earliest Famicom controllers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6615 | 5ad346a8604f3c001a3fdc6e | PlayStation_3 | What's New was announced at Gamescom 2009 and was released on September 1, 2009, with PlayStation 3 system software 3.0. The feature was to replace the existing [Information Board], which displayed news from the PlayStation website associated with the user's region. The concept was developed further into a major PlaySt... | What type of information is disseminated outside of What's New? | What type of information is disseminated outside of What's New? | [
"What type of information is disseminated outside of What's New?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13369 | 56e7a68600c9c71400d77486 | Nanjing | The current economy of the city is basically newly developed based on the past. Service industries are dominating, accounting for about 60 percent of the GDP of the city, and financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry are top 3 of them. Industries of information technology, energy saving and environmenta... | How much of the city's GDP do the service industries contribute to? | How much of the city's GDP do the service industries contribute to? | [
"How much of the city's GDP do the service industries contribute to?"
] | {
"text": [
"about 60 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40424 | 5ad4fdd25b96ef001a10a8ab | Paper | Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead. | What removes the blotter from the sheet? | What removes the blotter from the sheet? | [
"What removes the blotter from the sheet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78994 | 56cd95f562d2951400fa6751 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | In 2003, Nintendo announced that a new The Legend of Zelda game was in the works for the GameCube by the same team that had created the cel-shaded The Wind Waker. At the following year's Game Developers Conference, director Eiji Aonuma unintentionally revealed that the game's sequel was in development under the working... | At what event was a potential follow-up to The Wind Waker mentioned? | At what event was a potential follow-up to The Wind Waker mentioned? | [
"At what event was a potential follow-up to The Wind Waker mentioned?"
] | {
"text": [
"Game Developers Conference"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30884 | 572694bef1498d1400e8e466 | Mexico_City | In the late 1970s many arterial roads were redesigned as ejes viales; high-volume one-way roads that cross, in theory, Mexico City proper from side to side. The eje vial network is based on a quasi-Cartesian grid, with the ejes themselves being called Eje 1 Poniente, Eje Central, and Eje 1 Oriente, for example, for the... | What are the one-way roads in Mexico city called? | What are the one-way roads in Mexico city called? | [
"What are the one-way roads in Mexico city called?"
] | {
"text": [
"ejes viales"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71452 | 5727df983acd2414000deea4 | Oklahoma | With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008[update]. Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation ... | How many school districts are in Oklahoma? | How many school districts are in Oklahoma? | [
"How many school districts are in Oklahoma?"
] | {
"text": [
"533"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94692 | 5726db6af1498d1400e8ed75 | Queen_(band) | The original London production was scheduled to close on Saturday, 7 October 2006, at the Dominion Theatre, but due to public demand, the show ran until May 2014. We Will Rock You has become the longest running musical ever to run at this prime London theatre, overtaking the previous record holder, the Grease musical. ... | Where was Queen's 2006 London production held? | Where was Queen's 2006 London production held? | [
"Where was Queen's 2006 London production held?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dominion Theatre"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112356 | 57293a28af94a219006aa1c3 | Race_(human_categorization) | Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so. However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%. More indirect and brief discussions of race in the co... | What does the study argue about the fundamental message regarding the existence of races? | What does the study argue about the fundamental message regarding the existence of races? | [
"What does the study argue about the fundamental message regarding the existence of races?"
] | {
"text": [
"changed little"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89633 | 572fec6f947a6a140053ce07 | The_Blitz | The use of diversionary techniques such as fires had to be made carefully. The fake fires could only begin when the bombing started over an adjacent target and its effects were brought under control. Too early and the chances of success receded; too late and the real conflagration at the target would exceed the diversi... | Two tanks one of oil, one of water fed what kind of fire? | Two tanks one of oil, one of water fed what kind of fire? | [
"Two tanks one of oil, one of water fed what kind of fire?"
] | {
"text": [
"boiler"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76293 | 5726e3a8f1498d1400e8eeee | Utrecht | Utrecht is well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht: the A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany. Other major motorways in the area are the Almere–Breda A27 and the Utrecht–Groningen A28. Du... | What does traffic elevate | What does traffic elevate | [
"What does traffic elevate "
] | {
"text": [
"increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55465 | 572664a15951b619008f716d | Presbyterianism | Above the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities. These are composed of teaching elders and ruling elders from each of the constituent congregations. The presbytery sends representatives to a broader regional or national assembly, generally known as the General Assembly, although an intermediate ... | What are the area of responsibilities made up of? | What are the area of responsibilities made up of? | [
"What are the area of responsibilities made up of?"
] | {
"text": [
"teaching elders and ruling elders"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17210 | 570e386c0dc6ce1900204e9b | Uranium | The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U
3O
8) and UO
2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form mo... | Along with UO2, what is the commonest form of uranium oxide? | Along with UO2, what is the commonest form of uranium oxide? | [
"Along with UO2, what is the commonest form of uranium oxide?"
] | {
"text": [
"triuranium octoxide"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101085 | 5a5e61eb5bc9f4001a75afa0 | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupata Shaivism (Pāśupata, "of Paśupati") is the oldest of the major Shaiva schools. The philosophy of Pashupata sect was systematized by Lakulish in the 2nd century CE. Paśu in Paśupati refers to the effect (or created world), the word designates that which is dependent on something ulterior. Whereas, Pati means the... | Who created Pasupata Shaivism? | Who created Pasupata Shaivism? | [
"Who created Pasupata Shaivism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61921 | 572a7f2034ae481900deab50 | Madrasa | Prior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ... | How many female students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami? | How many female students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami? | [
"How many female students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,075"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99178 | 572ef028c246551400ce47ca | 51st_state | Under Article IV, Section Three of the United States Constitution, which outlines the relationship among the states, Congress has the power to admit new states to the union. The states are required to give "full faith and credit" to the acts of each other's legislatures and courts, which is generally held to include th... | What does Article IV, Section three of the US Constitution outline? | What does Article IV, Section three of the US Constitution outline? | [
"What does Article IV, Section three of the US Constitution outline?"
] | {
"text": [
"the relationship among the states"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40942 | 572682cd708984140094c883 | Predation | The act of predation can be broken down into a maximum of four stages: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption. The relationship between predator and prey is one that is typically beneficial to the predator, and detrimental to the prey species. Sometimes, however, predation has indirect benefits to t... | How does the prey improve their evolutionary abilities through predator-prey interaction? | How does the prey improve their evolutionary abilities through predator-prey interaction? | [
"How does the prey improve their evolutionary abilities through predator-prey interaction? "
] | {
"text": [
"array of adaptations"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75229 | 572863cb3acd2414000df990 | Labour_Party_(UK) | The 1923 general election was fought on the Conservatives' protectionist proposals but, although they got the most votes and remained the largest party, they lost their majority in parliament, necessitating the formation of a government supporting free trade. Thus, with the acquiescence of Asquith's Liberals, Ramsay Ma... | How many MP did they get in the election in 1924? | How many MP did they get in the election in 1924? | [
"How many MP did they get in the election in 1924?"
] | {
"text": [
"191"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23463 | 5ad146d9645df0001a2d1510 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified... | What did neither house of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for? | What did neither house of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for? | [
"What did neither house of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61240 | 5aced26f32bba1001ae4b5d5 | Police | All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position. This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissioner. However, certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects of poli... | What is the illegal status of UK police officers? | What is the illegal status of UK police officers? | [
"What is the illegal status of UK police officers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82513 | 56e7608500c9c71400d77050 | Daylight_saving_time | Several studies have suggested that DST increases motor fuel consumption. The 2008 DOE report found no significant increase in motor gasoline consumption due to the 2007 United States extension of DST. | What happened regarding DST in 2007 in the United States that probably led to the DOE investigation? | What happened regarding DST in 2007 in the United States that probably led to the DOE investigation? | [
"What happened regarding DST in 2007 in the United States that probably led to the DOE investigation?"
] | {
"text": [
"extension of DST"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38405 | 5acd0a0107355d001abf3202 | Materialism | Materialism is closely related to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Philosophical physicalism has evolved from materialism with the discoveries of the physical sciences to incorporate more sophisticated notions of physicality than mere ordinary matter, such as: spacetime, physical energ... | What has devolved from materialism? | What has devolved from materialism? | [
"What has devolved from materialism? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9706 | 5725e47289a1e219009ac052 | Montevideo | The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong ex... | Where is the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College located? | Where is the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College located? | [
"Where is the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carrasco"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96932 | 56e101c8cd28a01900c6741d | Canon_law | The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes... | What does Sampel claim had a great impact on? | What does Sampel claim had a great impact on? | [
"What does Sampel claim had a great impact on?"
] | {
"text": [
"contemporary society"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13820 | 5a8315c1e60761001a2eb3b3 | BBC_Television | Baird Television Ltd. made Britain's first television broadcast, on 30 September 1929 from its studio in Long Acre, London, via the BBC's London transmitter, using the electromechanical system pioneered by John Logie Baird. This system used a vertically-scanned image of 30 lines – just enough resolution for a close-up ... | What was achieved on 30 March 1932? | What was achieved on 30 March 1932? | [
"What was achieved on 30 March 1932?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73925 | 5acf951e77cf76001a68535e | Architecture | Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived ... | What do you call the destruction of buildings? | What do you call the destruction of buildings? | [
" What do you call the destruction of buildings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90253 | 5acfdd5c77cf76001a686344 | Tibet | The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby are... | Where have 6 million exiles fled to? | Where have 6 million exiles fled to? | [
"Where have 6 million exiles fled to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23460 | 5731d073b9d445190005e58d | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified... | What did the five-justice majority hold that Newdow lacked? | What did the five-justice majority hold that Newdow lacked? | [
"What did the five-justice majority hold that Newdow lacked?"
] | {
"text": [
"standing to sue"
],
"answer_start": [
759
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80507 | 572679a5f1498d1400e8e100 | Data_compression | In a further refinement of the direct use of probabilistic modelling, statistical estimates can be coupled to an algorithm called arithmetic coding. Arithmetic coding is a more modern coding technique that uses the mathematical calculations of a finite-state machine to produce a string of encoded bits from a series of ... | What uses an internal memory state? | What uses an internal memory state? | [
"What uses an internal memory state?"
] | {
"text": [
"Huffman algorithm"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77934 | 5acd611d07355d001abf3fda | Strasbourg | A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstet... | What was established inside the city? | What was established inside the city? | [
"What was established inside the city?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67491 | 570a11074103511400d59550 | Hanover | With a population of 518,000, Hanover is a major centre of Northern Germany and the country's thirteenth largest city. Hanover also hosts annual commercial trade fairs such as the Hanover Fair and the CeBIT. Every year Hanover hosts the Schützenfest Hannover, the world's largest marksmen's festival, and the Oktoberfest... | What is Hanover's population? | What is Hanover's population? | [
"What is Hanover's population?"
] | {
"text": [
"518,000"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92279 | 5728ce573acd2414000dfef7 | Asthma | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can coexist with asthma and can occur as a complication of chronic asthma. After the age of 65 most people with obstructive airway disease will have asthma and COPD. In this setting, COPD can be differentiated by increased airway neutrophils, abnormally increased wall thickness, an... | How is COPD differentiated? | How is COPD differentiated? | [
"How is COPD differentiated?"
] | {
"text": [
"by increased airway neutrophils, abnormally increased wall thickness, and increased smooth muscle in the bronchi"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4805 | 5a74d07742eae6001a389ad4 | Green | Green is common in nature, as many plants are green because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll, which is involved in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs the long wavelengths of light (red) and short wavelengths of light (blue) much more efficiently than the wavelengths that appear green to the human eye, so lig... | What extracts the energy from the purple portion of the spectrum? | What extracts the energy from the purple portion of the spectrum? | [
"What extracts the energy from the purple portion of the spectrum?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48440 | 5a83891ae60761001a2eb784 | War_on_Terror | Because the actions involved in the "war on terrorism" are diffuse, and the criteria for inclusion are unclear, political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that "the 'war on terrorism' therefore, is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series... | Of whom does Richard Jackson cite many examples? | Of whom does Richard Jackson cite many examples? | [
"Of whom does Richard Jackson cite many examples?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75345 | 5ad14d49645df0001a2d1694 | Labour_Party_(UK) | A perceived turning point was when Blair controversially allied himself with US President George W. Bush in supporting the Iraq War, which caused him to lose much of his political support. The UN Secretary-General, among many, considered the war illegal. The Iraq War was deeply unpopular in most western countries, with... | Who considered the war to be legal? | Who considered the war to be legal? | [
"Who considered the war to be legal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36579 | 5730fc20e6313a140071cb30 | Immaculate_Conception | Martin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: "Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. The Holy Spirit permitted the Virgin Mary to remain a... | Who is the person that started the religion that separated itself from the Catholic Church in the 17th century ? | Who is the person that started the religion that separated itself from the Catholic Church in the 17th century ? | [
"Who is the person that started the religion that separated itself from the Catholic Church in the 17th century ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Martin Luther"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36353 | 57301001947a6a140053d01a | Printed_circuit_board | The reinforcement type defines two major classes of materials - woven and non-woven. Woven reinforcements are cheaper, but the high dielectric constant of glass may not be favorable for many higher-frequency applications. The spatially nonhomogeneous structure also introduces local variations in electrical parameters, ... | What type of structure do woven reinforcements have that cause them to have variation in their electrical parameters? | What type of structure do woven reinforcements have that cause them to have variation in their electrical parameters? | [
"What type of structure do woven reinforcements have that cause them to have variation in their electrical parameters?"
] | {
"text": [
"spatially nonhomogeneous"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90600 | 572fcd1004bcaa1900d76d52 | Pacific_War | From as early as 1935 Japanese military strategists had concluded the Dutch East Indies were, because of their oil reserves, of considerable importance to Japan. By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indo-China, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese... | Why was the Dutch East Indies important to Japan? | Why was the Dutch East Indies important to Japan? | [
"Why was the Dutch East Indies important to Japan?"
] | {
"text": [
"oil reserves"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33119 | 5ad192db645df0001a2d2008 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much bet... | What does not contain mercury? | What does not contain mercury? | [
"What does not contain mercury?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76249 | 5726dcb95951b619008f8048 | Utrecht | Utrecht is the centre of a densely populated area, which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary. The smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen. It is sometimes argued that the c... | Least populates areas of Utrecht | Least populates areas of Utrecht | [
"Least populates areas of Utrecht "
] | {
"text": [
"smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115208 | 5a39f00e2f14dd001ac72665 | Mammal | The first amniotes apparently arose in the Late Carboniferous. They descended from earlier reptiliomorph amphibious tetrapods, which lived on land that was already inhabited by insects and other invertebrates as well as by ferns, mosses and other plants. Within a few million years, two important amniote lineages became... | What animals were later included in the carboniferous group? | What animals were later included in the carboniferous group? | [
"What animals were later included in the carboniferous group?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58781 | 572aa7a6f75d5e190021fc01 | Rajasthan | Ranthambore National Park is known worldwide for its tiger population and is considered by both wilderness lovers and photographers as one of the best place in India to spot tigers. At one point, due to poaching and negligence, tigers became extinct at Sariska, but five tigers have been relocated there. Prominent among... | Why did tigers became extinct in Sariska? | Why did tigers became extinct in Sariska? | [
"Why did tigers became extinct in Sariska?"
] | {
"text": [
"poaching and negligence"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
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