gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-72629 | 570fca635ab6b81900390ff8 | Dell | On August 17, 2007, Dell Inc. announced that after an internal investigation into its accounting practices it would restate and reduce earnings from 2003 through to the first quarter of 2007 by a total amount of between $50 million and $150 million, or 2 cents to 7 cents per share. The investigation, begun in November ... | Who did Dell agree to not buy processors from? | Who did Dell agree to not buy processors from? | [
"Who did Dell agree to not buy processors from?"
] | {
"text": [
"AMD"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84811 | 5ad4d96b5b96ef001a10a394 | San_Diego | Due to the ratio of U.S. and Mexican-licensed stations, San Diego is the largest media market in the United States that is legally unable to support a television station duopoly between two full-power stations under FCC regulations, which disallow duopolies in metropolitan areas with fewer than nine full-power televisi... | How many duopolies doesn't the Mexico side of San Diego-Tijuana have? | How many duopolies doesn't the Mexico side of San Diego-Tijuana have? | [
"How many duopolies doesn't the Mexico side of San Diego-Tijuana have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53023 | 5706068852bb8914006897bf | Bird_migration | A similar situation occurs with waders (called shorebirds in North America). Many species, such as dunlin Calidris alpina and western sandpiper Calidris mauri, undertake long movements from their Arctic breeding grounds to warmer locations in the same hemisphere, but others such as semipalmated sandpiper C. pusilla tra... | Where do dunlin Calidris alpina migrate to? | Where do dunlin Calidris alpina migrate to? | [
"Where do dunlin Calidris alpina migrate to?"
] | {
"text": [
"warmer locations in the same hemisphere"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53938 | 56dde48b9a695914005b966d | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Coopera... | What is an example of another activity that the CAF performs? | What is an example of another activity that the CAF performs? | [
"What is an example of another activity that the CAF performs?"
] | {
"text": [
"deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45725 | 5acd6ce007355d001abf4197 | YouTube | All YouTube users can upload videos up to 15 minutes each in duration. Users who have a good track record of complying with the site's Community Guidelines may be offered the ability to upload videos up to 12 hours in length, which requires verifying the account, normally through a mobile phone. When YouTube was launch... | When did they do away with the limit for the maximum length allowed? | When did they do away with the limit for the maximum length allowed? | [
"When did they do away with the limit for the maximum length allowed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64815 | 57342458d058e614000b69f0 | Portugal | The Ministry of Health is responsible for developing health policy as well as managing the SNS. Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery. Decentralization efforts have aimed at shift... | What are the regional health administrations in charge of? | What are the regional health administrations in charge of? | [
"What are the regional health administrations in charge of?"
] | {
"text": [
"implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55768 | 57260cd689a1e219009ac19a | Clothing | Clothing protects against many things that might injure the uncovered human body. Clothes protect people from the elements, including rain, snow, wind, and other weather, as well as from the sun. However, clothing that is too sheer, thin, small, tight, etc., offers less protection. Clothes also reduce risk during activ... | What type of clothing do doctors wear to protect their surroundings? | What type of clothing do doctors wear to protect their surroundings? | [
"What type of clothing do doctors wear to protect their surroundings?"
] | {
"text": [
"medical scrubs"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55998 | 56e79c0637bdd419002c4219 | Arena_Football_League | In 1993, the league staged its first All-Star Game in Des Moines, Iowa, the future home of the long-running Iowa Barnstormers, as a fundraiser for flood victims in the area. The National Conference defeated the American Conference 64–40 in front of a crowd of 7,189. The second Allstar game was in Oct. 2013, with two ga... | What AFL team would be based in Des Moines? | What AFL team would be based in Des Moines? | [
"What AFL team would be based in Des Moines?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iowa Barnstormers"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58686 | 5a46b10b5fd40d001a27dc74 | Rajasthan | Parts of what is now Rajasthan were part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Kalibangan, in Hanumangarh district, was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization,. It is believed that Western Kshatrapas (405–35 BC) were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southe... | What area did the Saurashtra invade to establish the Saka era? | What area did the Saurashtra invade to establish the Saka era? | [
"What area did the Saurashtra invade to establish the Saka era?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50028 | 56fc316300a8df19004037ee | Phonology | The Polish scholar Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (together with his former student Mikołaj Kruszewski) introduced the concept of the phoneme in 1876, and his work, though often unacknowledged, is considered to be the starting point of modern phonology. He also worked on the theory of phonetic alternations (what is now call... | Who was influenced by Jan Baudouin de Courtenay? | Who was influenced by Jan Baudouin de Courtenay? | [
"Who was influenced by Jan Baudouin de Courtenay?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ferdinand de Saussure"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93204 | 5ad1904f645df0001a2d1f86 | Light-emitting_diode | A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence, which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conduct... | Where are the free electrons located in the production of non-electroluminescence? | Where are the free electrons located in the production of non-electroluminescence? | [
" Where are the free electrons located in the production of non-electroluminescence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47545 | 572fc623947a6a140053cc95 | Armenia | The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard comprise the four branches of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia. The Armenian military was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and with the establishment of the Ministry of Defence in 1992. The Commander-in-Chief of the military is ... | When was the Armenian military created? | When was the Armenian military created? | [
"When was the Armenian military created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51242 | 572b31d434ae481900dead31 | Empiricism | Aristotle's explanation of how this was possible was not strictly empiricist in a modern sense, but rather based on his theory of potentiality and actuality, and experience of sense perceptions still requires the help of the active nous. These notions contrasted with Platonic notions of the human mind as an entity that... | What theory was Aristotle's explanation based on? | What theory was Aristotle's explanation based on? | [
"What theory was Aristotle's explanation based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"his theory of potentiality and actuality"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96516 | 5a8c70f0fd22b3001a8d87d6 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The earliest detailed accounts of the death of Jesus are contained in the four canonical gospels. There are other, more implicit references in the New Testament epistles. In the synoptic gospels, Jesus predicts his death in three separate episodes. All four Gospels conclude with an extended narrative of Jesus' arrest, ... | What do scholars have to overcome when meeting bias about discussing Jesus? | What do scholars have to overcome when meeting bias about discussing Jesus? | [
"What do scholars have to overcome when meeting bias about discussing Jesus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108626 | 572c929ef182dd1900d7c7d9 | Tennessee | The Tennessee income tax does not apply to salaries and wages, but most income from stock, bonds and notes receivable is taxable. All taxable dividends and interest which exceed the $1,250 single exemption or the $2,500 joint exemption are taxable at the rate of 6%. The state's sales and use tax rate for most items is ... | At what rate is Tennessee state sales and use tax usually applied? | At what rate is Tennessee state sales and use tax usually applied? | [
"At what rate is Tennessee state sales and use tax usually applied?"
] | {
"text": [
"7%"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73186 | 56d3726559d6e414001463e8 | American_Idol | Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul had an affair while on the show and that this contributed to his expulsion. Clark also claimed that Abdul gave him preferential treatment on the show due to their affair. The allegat... | Which contestant was removed from the competition for having been a model on an adult website? | Which contestant was removed from the competition for having been a model on an adult website? | [
"Which contestant was removed from the competition for having been a model on an adult website?"
] | {
"text": [
"Frenchie Davis"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67241 | 570980be200fba14003680b8 | Animal | The word "animal" comes from the Latin animalis, meaning having breath, having soul or living being. In everyday non-scientific usage the word excludes humans – that is, "animal" is often used to refer only to non-human members of the kingdom Animalia; often, only closer relatives of humans such as mammals, or mammals ... | What does the Latin word animalis mean? | What does the Latin word animalis mean? | [
"What does the Latin word animalis mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"having breath, having soul or living being"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45515 | 571a7c6710f8ca140030509d | Ashkenazi_Jews | A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a his... | A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what? | A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what? | [
"A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what?"
] | {
"text": [
"a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8049 | 5ad012bf77cf76001a6868cb | Copyright_infringement | Nevertheless, whether and to what degree any of these types of intermediaries have secondary liability is the subject of ongoing litigation. The decentralised structure of peer-to-peer networks, in particular, does not sit easily with existing laws on online intermediaries' liability. The BitTorrent protocol establishe... | What wasn't the initial purpose of the BitTorrent protocol? | What wasn't the initial purpose of the BitTorrent protocol? | [
"What wasn't the initial purpose of the BitTorrent protocol?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7596 | 5a8c8a11fd22b3001a8d8a5d | Database | Having produced a conceptual data model that users are happy with, the next stage is to translate this into a schema that implements the relevant data structures within the database. This process is often called logical database design, and the output is a logical data model expressed in the form of a schema. Whereas t... | Which data model is displayed as a nonspecific model that uses DBMS? | Which data model is displayed as a nonspecific model that uses DBMS? | [
"Which data model is displayed as a nonspecific model that uses DBMS?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85752 | 571120ccb654c5140001fb9f | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The NES can be emulated on many other systems, most notably the PC. The first emulator was the Japanese-only Pasofami. It was soon followed by iNES, which was available in English and was cross-platform, in 1996. It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert. NESticle, a ... | When was NESticle released? | When was NESticle released? | [
"When was NESticle released?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 3, 1997"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110214 | 5a3979992f14dd001ac7237d | Culture | The modern term "culture" is based on a term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or "cultura animi", using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for hu... | Who first introduced the metaphor later used by Cicero? | Who first introduced the metaphor later used by Cicero? | [
"Who first introduced the metaphor later used by Cicero?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96621 | 5a8c8707fd22b3001a8d8a0e | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The Gospel of Matthew describes many women at the crucifixion, some of whom are named in the Gospels. Apart from these women, the three Synoptic Gospels speak of the presence of others: "the chief priests, with the scribes and elders"; two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left, whom the Gospel of L... | Who were the women keeping watch over according to his acquanitances? | Who were the women keeping watch over according to his acquanitances? | [
"Who were the women keeping watch over according to his acquanitances?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95340 | 56dfb726231d4119001abcd7 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | The AEA's work progressed to heavier-than-air machines, applying their knowledge of kites to gliders. Moving to Hammondsport, the group then designed and built the Red Wing, framed in bamboo and covered in red silk and powered by a small air-cooled engine. On March 12, 1908, over Keuka Lake, the biplane lifted off on t... | Who was the first person to die in a plane crash? | Who was the first person to die in a plane crash? | [
"Who was the first person to die in a plane crash?"
] | {
"text": [
"Selfridge"
],
"answer_start": [
946
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38071 | 57302f5e947a6a140053d24a | Roman_Republic | Rome's military confederation with the other peoples of the Italian peninsula meant that half of Rome's army was provided by the Socii, such as the Etruscans, Umbrians, Apulians, Campanians, Samnites, Lucani, Bruttii, and the various southern Greek cities. Polybius states that Rome could draw on 770,000 men at the begi... | Where did Rome receive half of their army from? | Where did Rome receive half of their army from? | [
"Where did Rome receive half of their army from?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Socii"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8792 | 5ace07c332bba1001ae499be | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics. | What body rejected the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR? | What body rejected the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR? | [
"What body rejected the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77897 | 5acd5db107355d001abf3f1e | Strasbourg | This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Ed... | In what year did Goethe graduate from the German Lutheran University? | In what year did Goethe graduate from the German Lutheran University? | [
"In what year did Goethe graduate from the German Lutheran University?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90770 | 57322a65b9d445190005e88c | Pacific_War | The forces converged in the largest sea battle of World War II up to that point. Over the previous month American destroyers had destroyed 17 of 25 submarines out of Ozawa's screening force. Repeated U.S. raids destroyed the Japanese land-based planes. Ozawa's main attack lacked coordination, with the Japanese planes a... | Where did the radio interception orders to U.S> Hellcat fighters come from? | Where did the radio interception orders to U.S> Hellcat fighters come from? | [
"Where did the radio interception orders to U.S> Hellcat fighters come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"combat information centers"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23789 | 57283b6f4b864d19001647ba | Federalism | The meaning of federalism, as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context.[citation needed] Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.[citation needed] For example, at th... | What countries advocate for a strong central government? | What countries advocate for a strong central government? | [
"What countries advocate for a strong central government?"
] | {
"text": [
"United States and Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32850 | 572816292ca10214002d9d8e | Central_African_Republic | In the aftermath of the failed coup, militias loyal to Patassé sought revenge against rebels in many neighborhoods of Bangui and incited unrest including the murder of many political opponents. Eventually, Patassé came to suspect that General François Bozizé was involved in another coup attempt against him, which led B... | The failed coup caused what effects? | The failed coup caused what effects? | [
"The failed coup caused what effects?"
] | {
"text": [
"murder of many political opponents"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113745 | 5a56b4176349e2001acdcef8 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence A... | Who created the Chiefs of Staff Committee? | Who created the Chiefs of Staff Committee? | [
"Who created the Chiefs of Staff Committee?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33952 | 5728a4674b864d1900164b3e | Alaska | Starting in the 1890s and stretching in some places to the early 1910s, gold rushes in Alaska and the nearby Yukon Territory brought thousands of miners and settlers to Alaska. Alaska was officially incorporated as an organized territory in 1912. Alaska's capital, which had been in Sitka until 1906, was moved north to ... | In what year was Alaska's capital officially changed to Juneau? | In what year was Alaska's capital officially changed to Juneau? | [
"In what year was Alaska's capital officially changed to Juneau?"
] | {
"text": [
"1906"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58875 | 5a46ffc75fd40d001a27dd32 | Rajasthan | In Rajasthan, Jodhpur and Kota are two major educational hubs. Kota is known for its quality education in preparation of various competitive exams, coaching for medical and engineering exams while Jodhpur is home to many higher educational institutions like IIT, AIIMS, National Law University, Sardar Patel Police Unive... | What is the annual enrollment in Birla? | What is the annual enrollment in Birla? | [
"What is the annual enrollment in Birla?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13632 | 5a357645788daf001a5f860b | Glacier | Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi) are called ice sheets or continental glaciers. Several kilometers deep, they obscure the underlying topography. Only nunataks protrude from their surfaces. The only extant ice sheets are the two that cover most of Antarctica and Greenland. They contain vast quantitie... | What are ice sheets that cover the sea called? | What are ice sheets that cover the sea called? | [
"What are ice sheets that cover the sea called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81913 | 5acfb9fb77cf76001a685ab2 | Royal_assent | Since 1993, the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod has had power to enact measures making provision "with respect to any matter concerning the Church of England in the Island". If approved by Tynwald, a measure "shall have the force and effect of an Act of Tynwald upon the Royal Assent thereto being announced to Tynwald". Be... | Since 1983, who has had power to enact measures? | Since 1983, who has had power to enact measures? | [
"Since 1983, who has had power to enact measures?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2324 | 56d0a987234ae51400d9c405 | Buddhism | While he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the "Four Immeasurable Minds" of love, compa... | What was the new kind of human invented by Gautama? | What was the new kind of human invented by Gautama? | [
"What was the new kind of human invented by Gautama?"
] | {
"text": [
"one without egotism"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44141 | 5a2ee61ca83784001a7d2524 | Bras%C3%ADlia | The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil. The name 'Brasília' is commonly used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche; However, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of whi... | What unique status does the Federal District have in Brazil? | What unique status does the Federal District have in Brazil? | [
"What unique status does the Federal District have in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63221 | 572baa44f75d5e190021fe8a | Czech_language | The infinitive form ends in t (archaically, ti). It is the form found in dictionaries and the form that follows auxiliary verbs (for example, můžu tě slyšet—"I can hear you"). Czech verbs have three grammatical moods: indicative, imperative and conditional. The imperative mood adds specific endings for each of three pe... | What are the grammatical moods of Czech verbs? | What are the grammatical moods of Czech verbs? | [
"What are the grammatical moods of Czech verbs?"
] | {
"text": [
"indicative, imperative and conditional"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71999 | 5acf67fb77cf76001a684d96 | Capacitor | Several solid dielectrics are available, including paper, plastic, glass, mica and ceramic materials. Paper was used extensively in older devices and offers relatively high voltage performance. However, it is susceptible to water absorption, and has been largely replaced by plastic film capacitors. Plastics offer bette... | What sort of circuit are plastic capacitors not useful for? | What sort of circuit are plastic capacitors not useful for? | [
" What sort of circuit are plastic capacitors not useful for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41388 | 56d507269d1b871400ae0602 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | (The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault. See 2008 Panzhihua earthquake for details.) | What earthquake happened in southern Sichuan? | What earthquake happened in southern Sichuan? | [
"What earthquake happened in southern Sichuan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Panzhihua earthquake"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93846 | 572e80e8cb0c0d14000f11fb | Cyprus | The ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians. The Muslim population included n... | How many Christians made up the island's population in 1777-78? | How many Christians made up the island's population in 1777-78? | [
"How many Christians made up the island's population in 1777-78?"
] | {
"text": [
"37,000"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50112 | 5a820bf031013a001a33513f | Phonology | An important part of traditional, pre-generative schools of phonology is studying which sounds can be grouped into distinctive units within a language; these units are known as phonemes. For example, in English, the "p" sound in pot is aspirated (pronounced [pʰ]) while that in spot is not aspirated (pronounced [p]). Ho... | Which speakers treat both sounds as aspirations? | Which speakers treat both sounds as aspirations? | [
"Which speakers treat both sounds as aspirations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107282 | 5acea0cc32bba1001ae4adc3 | Hunting | Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultura... | What is one cause that was most supported by IPhone users in 2001? | What is one cause that was most supported by IPhone users in 2001? | [
"What is one cause that was most supported by IPhone users in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74253 | 56e4cfd839bdeb14003479de | Architecture | Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as we... | What are three new movements that have a focus on sustainability? | What are three new movements that have a focus on sustainability? | [
"What are three new movements that have a focus on sustainability?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90686 | 57320a3eb9d445190005e774 | Pacific_War | With the Japanese CAP out of position and the carriers at their most vulnerable, SBD Dauntlesses from Enterprise and Yorktown appeared at an altitude of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) and commenced their attack, quickly dealing fatal blows to three fleet carriers: Sōryū, Kaga, and Akagi. Within minutes, all three were ablaze an... | How many fleet carriers were lost by the Japanese in the Battle of Midway? | How many fleet carriers were lost by the Japanese in the Battle of Midway? | [
"How many fleet carriers were lost by the Japanese in the Battle of Midway?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
1085
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1972 | 5ad172ad645df0001a2d1c00 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Navy was modernized in the 1880s, and by the 1890s had adopted the naval power strategy of Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan—as indeed did every major navy. The old sailing ships were replaced by modern steel battleships, bringing them in line with the navies of Britain and Germany. In 1907, most of the Navy's battleship... | When in the 19th century was the UK navy modernized? | When in the 19th century was the UK navy modernized? | [
"When in the 19th century was the UK navy modernized?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39226 | 5731f248e17f3d1400422566 | Protestantism | Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism). Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies gre... | Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns? | Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns? | [
"Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Wesley's brother, Charles"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51282 | 572b33b6111d821400f38dbe | Empiricism | In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way. In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing. Machiavelli in particular was s... | When was da Vinci born? | When was da Vinci born? | [
"When was da Vinci born?"
] | {
"text": [
"1452"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109277 | 57279a875951b619008f8e6a | Carnival | In Argentina, the most representative Carnival performed is the so-called Murga, although other famous Carnivals, more like Brazil's, are held in Argentine Mesopotamia and the North-East. Gualeguaychú in the east of Entre Ríos province is the most important Carnival city and has one of the largest parades. It adopts a ... | What city in the east of Entre Rios province is considered the most important one for the Carnival? | What city in the east of Entre Rios province is considered the most important one for the Carnival? | [
"What city in the east of Entre Rios province is considered the most important one for the Carnival?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gualeguaychú"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82972 | 56de677dcffd8e1900b4b87f | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, a village bordering the city of Graz in Styria, Austria and christened Arnold Alois. His parents were Gustav Schwarzenegger (August 17, 1907 – December 13, 1972), and Aurelia Schwarzenegger (née Jadrny; July 29, 1922 – August 2, 1998). Gustav was the local chief of police, and had serve... | What was Schwarzenegger's mother's maiden name? | What was Schwarzenegger's mother's maiden name? | [
"What was Schwarzenegger's mother's maiden name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jadrny"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30856 | 57269001708984140094ca3a | Mexico_City | The Historic center of Mexico City (Centro Histórico) and the "floating gardens" of Xochimilco in the southern borough have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Famous landmarks in the Historic Center include the Plaza de la Constitución (Zócalo), the main central square with its epoch-contrasting Spanish-era ... | The Historic Center and the floating gardens are both examples of what? | The Historic Center and the floating gardens are both examples of what? | [
"The Historic Center and the floating gardens are both examples of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"World Heritage Sites"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75800 | 5705f75b75f01819005e77d3 | The_Times | In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement, most notably Nevill... | In 1922, which estate sold The Times? | In 1922, which estate sold The Times? | [
"In 1922, which estate sold The Times?"
] | {
"text": [
"Northcliffe estate"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50463 | 572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d254 | Neptune | Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, pe... | What on Neptune are associated with dark spots that are brighter? | What on Neptune are associated with dark spots that are brighter? | [
"What on Neptune are associated with dark spots that are brighter?"
] | {
"text": [
"methane clouds"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2254 | 56d0a1ea234ae51400d9c3db | Buddhism | Rebirth refers to a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life, each running from conception to death. The doctrine of anattā (Sanskrit anātman) rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul, as it is called in Hinduism and Christ... | Which doctrine denies the concept of a permanent self or soul? | Which doctrine denies the concept of a permanent self or soul? | [
"Which doctrine denies the concept of a permanent self or soul?"
] | {
"text": [
"The doctrine of anattā (Sanskrit anātman)"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114780 | 5a7db5c270df9f001a87506b | Matter | All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because t... | All particles with rest mass have what kind of volume? | All particles with rest mass have what kind of volume? | [
"All particles with rest mass have what kind of volume?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23590 | 5ad14c5d645df0001a2d164f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation be... | What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to not use? | What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to not use? | [
" What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to not use?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61704 | 57282d193acd2414000df64f | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is served by the Eastern School District, the largest school district in Newfoundland and Labrador by student population. There are currently 36 primary, elementary and secondary schools in the city of St. John's, including three private schools. St. John's also includes one school that is part of the provin... | How many private schools are in St. John's? | How many private schools are in St. John's? | [
"How many private schools are in St. John's?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53955 | 5ad37907604f3c001a3fe3a7 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces duri... | When was the Confederation established? | When was the Confederation established? | [
"When was the Confederation established?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113585 | 57062eba75f01819005e7a3c | Immunology | The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells known as B lymphocytes, while antigens are defined as anything that elicits the generation of antibodies ("anti"body "gen"erators). Immunology res... | Humoral immunology involves the interaction of what two elements? | Humoral immunology involves the interaction of what two elements? | [
"Humoral immunology involves the interaction of what two elements?"
] | {
"text": [
"antibodies and antigens"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63897 | 572805c04b864d190016425a | USB | USB 2.0 also added a larger three-byte SPLIT token with a seven-bit hub number, 12 bits of control flags, and a five-bit CRC. This is used to perform split transactions. Rather than tie up the high-bandwidth USB bus sending data to a slower USB device, the nearest high-bandwidth capable hub receives a SPLIT token follo... | How many bits of control flags did USB 2.0 add? | How many bits of control flags did USB 2.0 add? | [
"How many bits of control flags did USB 2.0 add?"
] | {
"text": [
"12 bits"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115929 | 5a8dcf75df8bba001a0f9c78 | Richard_Feynman | Despite yet another offer from the Institute for Advanced Study, Feynman rejected the Institute on the grounds that there were no teaching duties: Feynman felt that students were a source of inspiration and teaching was a diversion during uncreative spells. Because of this, the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeto... | What college did Feynman end up living in? | What college did Feynman end up living in? | [
"What college did Feynman end up living in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50694 | 56e888c799e8941900975e7a | Bern | The Rose Garden (Rosengarten), from which a scenic panoramic view of the medieval town centre can be enjoyed, is a well-kept Rosarium on a hill, converted into a park from a former cemetery in 1913. | What year was the Rosarium converted? | What year was the Rosarium converted? | [
"What year was the Rosarium converted?"
] | {
"text": [
"1913"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61701 | 5a6284e3f8d794001af1c094 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Metrobus Transit is responsible for public transit in the region. Metrobus has a total of 19 routes, 53 buses and an annual ridership of 3,014,073. Destinations include the Avalon Mall, The Village Shopping Centre, Memorial University, Academy Canada, the College of the North Atlantic, the Marine Institute, the Confede... | What transit has 53 routes? | What transit has 53 routes? | [
"What transit has 53 routes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82357 | 5726c1d1dd62a815002e8fa0 | Pesticide | Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15th centur... | What is the source used to exact nicotine sulfate? | What is the source used to exact nicotine sulfate? | [
"What is the source used to exact nicotine sulfate?"
] | {
"text": [
"tobacco leaves"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60659 | 5ace471732bba1001ae4a179 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Public schools are part of the Ann Arbor Public Schools (AAPS) district. AAPS has one of the country's leading music programs. In September 2008, 16,539 students had been enrolled in the Ann Arbor Public Schools. There were 21 elementary schools, five middle schools (Forsythe, Slauson, Tappan, Scarlett, and Clague) thr... | What year did Ann Arbor public schools have 12 elementary schools? | What year did Ann Arbor public schools have 12 elementary schools? | [
"What year did Ann Arbor public schools have 12 elementary schools?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26515 | 5a77a1ddb73996001af5a4ba | University | The propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion. Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times. War, plague, famine, regicide, and ch... | The control of science by the state can be attributed to the advancement in the development of what? | The control of science by the state can be attributed to the advancement in the development of what? | [
"The control of science by the state can be attributed to the advancement in the development of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49208 | 5727691df1498d1400e8f78b | Tuberculosis | People with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. Transmission should occur from only people with active TB – th... | Left untreated, about how many people could contract tuberculosis from an active TB patient in a year? | Left untreated, about how many people could contract tuberculosis from an active TB patient in a year? | [
"Left untreated, about how many people could contract tuberculosis from an active TB patient in a year?"
] | {
"text": [
"10–15"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1426 | 57314fb3e6313a140071ce0b | Mosaic | In the 5th-century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art. The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia was decorated with mosaics of high artistic quality in 425–430. The vaults of the small, cross-shaped structure are clad with mosaics on blue background. The central motif abo... | What years was the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia decorated with mosaics? | What years was the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia decorated with mosaics? | [
"What years was the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia decorated with mosaics?"
] | {
"text": [
"425–430"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23866 | 5acfc26777cf76001a685d4c | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | What doesn't each state have their own of? | What doesn't each state have their own of? | [
"What doesn't each state have their own of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115575 | 59fb1ceeee36d60018400d0e | England_national_football_team | To begin with, England had no permanent home stadium. They joined FIFA in 1906 and played their first ever games against countries other than the Home Nations on a tour of Central Europe in 1908. Wembley Stadium was opened in 1923 and became their home ground. The relationship between England and FIFA became strained, ... | In what year was the first World Cup played? | In what year was the first World Cup played? | [
"In what year was the first World Cup played?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93627 | 5728b6bbff5b5019007da541 | Estonia | Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) on the Baltic islands to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) inland in July, the warmest month, and f... | What is the warmest month in Estonia? | What is the warmest month in Estonia? | [
"What is the warmest month in Estonia?"
] | {
"text": [
"July"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111213 | 5731a5bfe99e3014001e61a8 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The impressive, costly, and centralised rites to the deities of the Roman state were vastly outnumbered in everyday life by commonplace religious observances pertaining to an individual's domestic and personal deities, the patron divinities of Rome's various neighborhoods and communities, and the often idiosyncratic bl... | What type of deities did Roman communities have? | What type of deities did Roman communities have? | [
"What type of deities did Roman communities have?"
] | {
"text": [
"patron"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113341 | 5a8783441d3cee001a6a1207 | Vacuum | In 1930, Paul Dirac proposed a model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles possessing negative energy, called the Dirac sea. This theory helped refine the predictions of his earlier formulated Dirac equation, and successfully predicted the existence of the positron, confirmed two years later. Werner Heisenberg'... | What did Heisenberg call the particles with negative energy inside a vacuum? | What did Heisenberg call the particles with negative energy inside a vacuum? | [
"What did Heisenberg call the particles with negative energy inside a vacuum?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75927 | 5706125975f01819005e7943 | The_Times | Times Atlases have been produced since 1895. They are currently produced by the Collins Bartholomew imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. The flagship product is The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World. | What publisher prints The Times atlas? | What publisher prints The Times atlas? | [
"What publisher prints The Times atlas?"
] | {
"text": [
"HarperCollins Publishers"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1437 | 5731525ca5e9cc1400cdbe79 | Mosaic | The mosaic pavement of the Vrina Plain basilica of Butrint, Albania appear to pre-date that of the Baptistery by almost a generation, dating to the last quarter of the 5th or the first years of the 6th century. The mosaic displays a variety of motifs including sea-creatures, birds, terrestrial beasts, fruits, flowers, ... | What type of message was left on the mosaics at Butrint? | What type of message was left on the mosaics at Butrint? | [
"What type of message was left on the mosaics at Butrint?"
] | {
"text": [
"prayer"
],
"answer_start": [
679
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53881 | 5ad3e002604f3c001a3ff4ac | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; French: Forces armées canadiennes, FAC), or Canadian Forces (CF) (French: les Forces canadiennes, FC), is the unified armed force of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of ... | What law constitutes the CEF? | What law constitutes the CEF? | [
" What law constitutes the CEF?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49089 | 571ae5e132177014007e9fb4 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Two years later, the Emperor Valens, who favored the Arian position, in his turn exiled Athanasius. This time however, Athanasius simply left for the outskirts of Alexandria, where he stayed for only a few months before the local authorities convinced Valens to retract his order of exile. Some early reports state that ... | For how long was he exiled this time? | For how long was he exiled this time? | [
"For how long was he exiled this time?"
] | {
"text": [
"few months"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75616 | 5acfcf1477cf76001a686117 | Cubism | In Du "Cubisme" Metzinger and Gleizes explicitly related the sense of time to multiple perspective, giving symbolic expression to the notion of ‘duration’ proposed by the philosopher Henri Bergson according to which life is subjectively experienced as a continuum, with the past flowing into the present and the present ... | What type of philosopher was Henri Bergson? | What type of philosopher was Henri Bergson? | [
"What type of philosopher was Henri Bergson?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43043 | 5725b87189a1e219009abd6a | Poultry | Poultry (/ˌpoʊltriː/) are domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or sometimes as pets. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys) and the family Anatidae, i... | Are any other birds considered common in the world of poultry? | Are any other birds considered common in the world of poultry? | [
"Are any other birds considered common in the world of poultry?"
] | {
"text": [
"domestic ducks and domestic geese."
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23200 | 5731b311b9d445190005e46b | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (194... | Who made a metaphor about a wall of separation? | Who made a metaphor about a wall of separation? | [
"Who made a metaphor about a wall of separation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jefferson"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80129 | 5a62701ef8d794001af1bfc8 | Samoa | The country currency is the Samoan tālā, issued and regulated by the Central Bank of Samoa. The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on agriculture and fishing at the local level. In modern times, development aid, private family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports have become key factors in... | How much of the country uses the Samoa tala? | How much of the country uses the Samoa tala? | [
"How much of the country uses the Samoa tala?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89125 | 56dface3231d4119001abc66 | Hunter-gatherer | Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy." | What other characteristic of group behavior is needed in a hunter-gatherer society? | What other characteristic of group behavior is needed in a hunter-gatherer society? | [
"What other characteristic of group behavior is needed in a hunter-gatherer society?"
] | {
"text": [
"sharing"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44544 | 57071da79e06ca38007e9458 | Chihuahua_(state) | The French forces tried to subdue and capture the liberal government based in Saltillo. On September 21, 1864, José María Patoni and Jesús González Ortega lost against the French forces at the Battle of Estanzuelas; the supreme government led by President Juárez was forced to evacuate the city of Saltillo and relocate ... | Which two generals lost against the French on September 21, 1864? | Which two generals lost against the French on September 21, 1864? | [
"Which two generals lost against the French on September 21, 1864?"
] | {
"text": [
"José María Patoni and Jesús González"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79058 | 56cda06d62d2951400fa678c | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Nintendo staff members reported that demo users complained about the difficulty of the control scheme. Aonuma realized that his team had implemented Wii controls under the mindset of "forcing" users to adapt, instead of making the system intuitive and easy to use. He began rethinking the controls with Miyamoto to focus... | Who wanted gestures implemented for sword control? | Who wanted gestures implemented for sword control? | [
"Who wanted gestures implemented for sword control?"
] | {
"text": [
"E3 attendees"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110498 | 57266a045951b619008f71f1 | Professional_wrestling | As with personae in general, a character's face or heel alignment may change with time, or remain constant over its lifetime (the most famous example of the latter is Ricky Steamboat, a WWE Hall of Famer who remained a babyface throughout his entire career). Sometimes a character's heel turn will become so popular that... | Who is a wrestler who never turned? | Who is a wrestler who never turned? | [
"Who is a wrestler who never turned? "
] | {
"text": [
"Ricky Steamboat"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104528 | 5728ba044b864d1900164cea | Mandolin | The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their s... | Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song? | Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song? | [
"Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boat on the River"
],
"answer_start": [
1012
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40386 | 5ad68dfd191832001aa7b1b7 | Paper | There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practiced strategy, one of its advantages is the chemical reactio... | How many non-chemical pulping processes are there? | How many non-chemical pulping processes are there? | [
"How many non-chemical pulping processes are there?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116112 | 5733f8154776f419006615ed | Punjab,_Pakistan | Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian... | How large is Punjab compared to the other three provinces? | How large is Punjab compared to the other three provinces? | [
"How large is Punjab compared to the other three provinces?"
] | {
"text": [
"second largest"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102877 | 5acd157607355d001abf33df | Unicode | All graphic, format, and private use characters have a unique and immutable name by which they may be identified. This immutability has been guaranteed since Unicode version 2.0 by the Name Stability policy. In cases where the name is seriously defective and misleading, or has a serious typographical error, a formal al... | When an error is found, what is used in place of a formal alias? | When an error is found, what is used in place of a formal alias? | [
"When an error is found, what is used in place of a formal alias?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42014 | 5730b2e62461fd1900a9cfbc | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | While Nintendo never released an adapter for playing NES games on the SNES (though the instructions included a way to connect both consoles to the same TV by either daisy chaining the RF switches or using AV outputs for one or both systems), the Super Game Boy adapter cartridge allows games designed for Nintendo's port... | Which other game system's cartridges could be adapted to the SNES? | Which other game system's cartridges could be adapted to the SNES? | [
"Which other game system's cartridges could be adapted to the SNES?"
] | {
"text": [
"Game Boy"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104857 | 5733703c4776f41900660adb | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 billion during one week, versus $7.1 billion th... | What was the record high for the TED spread on October 10, 2008? | What was the record high for the TED spread on October 10, 2008? | [
"What was the record high for the TED spread on October 10, 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"4.65%"
],
"answer_start": [
822
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52173 | 572a797834ae481900deab28 | Miami | During the mid-2000s, the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s. During this period, the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects in which 50 were actually built. In 2007, however, the housing market crashed causing lots of foreclosures on hous... | Along with its political corruption, why did Forbes call Miami the country's second most miserable city in 2011? | Along with its political corruption, why did Forbes call Miami the country's second most miserable city in 2011? | [
"Along with its political corruption, why did Forbes call Miami the country's second most miserable city in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"high foreclosure rate"
],
"answer_start": [
704
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33893 | 5ad405aa604f3c001a3ffe23 | Alaska | Of the remaining land area, the state of Alaska owns 101 million acres (41 million hectares), its entitlement under the Alaska Statehood Act. A portion of that acreage is occasionally ceded to organized boroughs, under the statutory provisions pertaining to newly formed boroughs. Smaller portions are set aside for rura... | How many acres of its land doesn't the state of Alaska own? | How many acres of its land doesn't the state of Alaska own? | [
"How many acres of its land doesn't the state of Alaska own?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74197 | 5acfb12277cf76001a6858c1 | Architecture | Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater. | Who was instrumental in creating inorganic architecture? | Who was instrumental in creating inorganic architecture? | [
" Who was instrumental in creating inorganic architecture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64651 | 5733f61bd058e614000b6688 | Portugal | After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending ... | What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout? | What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout? | [
"What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout?"
] | {
"text": [
"improve the State's financial situation"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80433 | 572fdfbda23a5019007fcab1 | Bacteria | Some species of bacteria kill and then consume other microorganisms, these species are called predatory bacteria. These include organisms such as Myxococcus xanthus, which forms swarms of cells that kill and digest any bacteria they encounter. Other bacterial predators either attach to their prey in order to digest the... | Why are certain bacteria called predatory? | Why are certain bacteria called predatory? | [
"Why are certain bacteria called predatory?"
] | {
"text": [
"bacteria kill and then consume other microorganisms"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85645 | 57111975a58dae1900cd6c29 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | As the 1990s dawned, gamers predicted that competition from technologically superior systems such as the 16-bit Sega Mega Drive/Genesis would mean the immediate end of the NES’s dominance. Instead, during the first year of Nintendo's successor console the Super Famicom (named Super Nintendo Entertainment System outside... | When did the demand for new NES software dry up? | When did the demand for new NES software dry up? | [
"When did the demand for new NES software dry up?"
] | {
"text": [
"late 1993"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11332 | 5727728e708984140094ddbf | North_Carolina | During colonial times, Edenton served as the state capital beginning in 1722, and New Bern was selected as the capital in 1766. Construction of Tryon Palace, which served as the residence and offices of the provincial governor William Tryon, began in 1767 and was completed in 1771. In 1788 Raleigh was chosen as the sit... | Who was the governor of North carolina in 1767? | Who was the governor of North carolina in 1767? | [
"Who was the governor of North carolina in 1767?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Tryon"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3112 | 5a5933933e1742001a15d00b | Genome | Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequen... | What is the relationship between base pairs and trichomoniasis? | What is the relationship between base pairs and trichomoniasis? | [
"What is the relationship between base pairs and trichomoniasis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82714 | 56e038637aa994140058e3b0 | Saint_Helena | Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies. | Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena? | Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena? | [
"Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena?"
] | {
"text": [
"800"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.