gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-74770 | 570e6b5f0b85d914000d7ec1 | Melbourne | Melbourne has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) and is well known for its changeable weather conditions. This is mainly due to Melbourne's location situated on the boundary of the very hot inland areas and the cool southern ocean. This temperature differential is most pronounced in the spr... | What is Melbourne's Koppen climate classification? | What is Melbourne's Koppen climate classification? | [
"What is Melbourne's Koppen climate classification?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cfb"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32955 | 5a32fc4cbd0d7f001aef9546 | Central_African_Republic | Presently, the Central African Republic has active television services, radio stations, internet service providers, and mobile phone carriers; Socatel is the leading provider for both internet and mobile phone access throughout the country. The primary governmental regulating bodies of telecommunications are the Minist... | What government body does Socatel regulate in telecommunications? | What government body does Socatel regulate in telecommunications? | [
"What government body does Socatel regulate in telecommunications?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10578 | 5acf8dae77cf76001a68522a | Comics | Webcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas—meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page. | Webcomics reach large audiences and old what? | Webcomics reach large audiences and old what? | [
"Webcomics reach large audiences and old what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102135 | 5a515a21ce860b001aa3fd2c | States_of_Germany | The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on... | Local governments are limited by which article? | Local governments are limited by which article? | [
"Local governments are limited by which article?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39142 | 5731d56fe17f3d1400422475 | Protestantism | A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they belie... | What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement? | What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement? | [
"What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"urban"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16627 | 572a5db3b8ce0319002e2adf | Friedrich_Hayek | In February 1975, Margaret Thatcher was elected leader of the British Conservative Party. The Institute of Economic Affairs arranged a meeting between Hayek and Thatcher in London soon after. During Thatcher's only visit to the Conservative Research Department in the summer of 1975, a speaker had prepared a paper on wh... | What path was suggested as the right one for Margaret Thatcher's party by a speaker? | What path was suggested as the right one for Margaret Thatcher's party by a speaker? | [
"What path was suggested as the right one for Margaret Thatcher's party by a speaker?"
] | {
"text": [
"the \"middle way\""
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42688 | 571024daa58dae1900cd6916 | Sexual_orientation | Some researchers who study sexual orientation argue that the concept may not apply similarly to men and women. A study of sexual arousal patterns found that women, when viewing erotic films which show female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have patterns of arousal which do n... | What did the studies reveal about men and their declared sexual preference? | What did the studies reveal about men and their declared sexual preference? | [
"What did the studies reveal about men and their declared sexual preference?"
] | {
"text": [
"men's sexual arousal patterns tend to be more in line with their stated orientations,"
],
"answer_start": [
616
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115786 | 5727e9d12ca10214002d9960 | Galicia_(Spain) | The Galician road network includes autopistas and autovías connecting the major cities, as well as national and secondary roads to the rest of the municipalities. The Autovía A-6 connects A Coruña and Lugo to Madrid, entering Galicia at Pedrafita do Cebreiro. The Autovía A-52 connects O Porriño, Ourense and Benavente, ... | Which Spanish city does the Autovía A-6 lead to? | Which Spanish city does the Autovía A-6 lead to? | [
"Which Spanish city does the Autovía A-6 lead to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Madrid"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30627 | 5ace368a32bba1001ae49e9a | Appalachian_Mountains | Eastern deciduous forests are subject to a number of serious insect and disease outbreaks. Among the most conspicuous is that of the introduced gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), which infests primarily oaks, causing severe defoliation and tree mortality. But it also has the benefit of eliminating weak individuals, and thu... | What is the scientific name for the adelgid? | What is the scientific name for the adelgid? | [
"What is the scientific name for the adelgid?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88509 | 56db3337e7c41114004b4f33 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying "she doesn’t want to run in the event as ‘caged woman’." On April 15, Bollywood actress Soha Ali Khan pulled out of the Olympic torch relay, citing “very strong personal reasons”. On April 16, a p... | Where was a protest organized about the Olympic relay in India? | Where was a protest organized about the Olympic relay in India? | [
"Where was a protest organized about the Olympic relay in India?"
] | {
"text": [
"Delhi"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1932 | 570b50126b8089140040f86c | Military_history_of_the_United_States | As a result of the Libyan Civil War, the United Nations enacted United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which imposed a no-fly zone over Libya, and the protection of civilians from the forces of Muammar Gaddafi. The United States, along with Britain, France and several other nations, committed a coalition forc... | What was the name of the military action against Libya? | What was the name of the military action against Libya? | [
"What was the name of the military action against Libya?"
] | {
"text": [
"Operation Unified Protector"
],
"answer_start": [
550
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46111 | 5ad3c9e3604f3c001a3ff0b6 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God. Jehovah's Witnesses consider the Bible to be scientifically and historically accurate and reliable and interpret much of it literally, but accept parts of it as symbolic. They consider the Bible to be the final authority for all ... | How often does Watch Tower Society put out publications nowadays? | How often does Watch Tower Society put out publications nowadays? | [
"How often does Watch Tower Society put out publications nowadays?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7612 | 5a8c8c1cfd22b3001a8d8a8e | Database | While there is typically only one conceptual (or logical) and physical (or internal) view of the data, there can be any number of different external views. This allows users to see database information in a more business-related way rather than from a technical, processing viewpoint. For example, a financial department... | What is the disadvantage of external views of data? | What is the disadvantage of external views of data? | [
"What is the disadvantage of external views of data?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81701 | 570680fe75f01819005e7bb8 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Annual precipitation is 40 inches (1,020 mm) which is fairly spread throughout the year. Owing to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location in South Jersey, Atlantic City receives less snow than a good portion of the rest of New Jersey. Even at the airport, where low temperatures are often much lower than al... | How many inches of precipitation does Atlantic City receive annually? | How many inches of precipitation does Atlantic City receive annually? | [
"How many inches of precipitation does Atlantic City receive annually?"
] | {
"text": [
"40 inches"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16115 | 572eb93fdfa6aa1500f8d31a | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was kno... | How did his early childhood experiences impact his later life? | How did his early childhood experiences impact his later life? | [
"How did his early childhood experiences impact his later life?"
] | {
"text": [
"He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate."
],
"answer_start": [
884
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13521 | 570be5f1ec8fbc190045bbd0 | Digestion | Digestive systems take many forms. There is a fundamental distinction between internal and external digestion. External digestion developed earlier in evolutionary history, and most fungi still rely on it. In this process, enzymes are secreted into the environment surrounding the organism, where they break down an orga... | What are the two types of digestion? | What are the two types of digestion? | [
"What are the two types of digestion?"
] | {
"text": [
"internal and external digestion"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14757 | 573098542461fd1900a9cedf | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions ... | What was the outcome of anticipating the scientific and philosophical problems Whitehead proposed? | What was the outcome of anticipating the scientific and philosophical problems Whitehead proposed? | [
"What was the outcome of anticipating the scientific and philosophical problems Whitehead proposed?"
] | {
"text": [
"novel solutions"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73051 | 56d369ca59d6e41400146323 | American_Idol | Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for s... | In which season was Shania Twain a guest judge on American Idol? | In which season was Shania Twain a guest judge on American Idol? | [
"In which season was Shania Twain a guest judge on American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"season six"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22855 | 5735b062dc94161900571f25 | Kathmandu | With the opening of the tourist industry after the change in the political scenario of Nepal in 1950, the hotel industry drastically improved. Now Kathmandu boasts several luxury such as the Hyatt Regency, Dwarika's, theYak & Yeti, The Everest Hotel, Hotel Radisson, Hotel De L'Annapurna, The Malla Hotel, Shangri-La Hot... | What type of hotel is Aloha Inn? | What type of hotel is Aloha Inn? | [
"What type of hotel is Aloha Inn?"
] | {
"text": [
"three-star"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102825 | 5acd0faf07355d001abf32d0 | Unicode | Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard, which find wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other. Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that th... | What are traditional character encodings attempting to surpass? | What are traditional character encodings attempting to surpass? | [
"What are traditional character encodings attempting to surpass?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109371 | 5a1cb8fe4ea40d0018b06ecf | Dutch_Republic | In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. | Who promised to support each other while defending against Philip II? | Who promised to support each other while defending against Philip II? | [
"Who promised to support each other while defending against Philip II?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89444 | 572e8d9adfa6aa1500f8d115 | The_Blitz | From 7 September 1940, one year into the war, London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights. More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Ports and industrial centres outside London were also attacked. The main At... | How many nights did the Luftwaffe bomb London? | How many nights did the Luftwaffe bomb London? | [
"How many nights did the Luftwaffe bomb London?"
] | {
"text": [
"57 consecutive nights"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45226 | 5727dff64b864d1900163f03 | Sahara | The Sahara is the world's largest low-latitude hot desert. The area is located in the horse latitudes under the subtropical ridge, a significant belt of semi-permanent subtropical warm-core high pressure where the air from upper levels of the troposphere tends to sink towards the ground. This steady descending airflow ... | What ares is the Sahara located in? | What ares is the Sahara located in? | [
"What ares is the Sahara located in?"
] | {
"text": [
"horse latitudes"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6562 | 572828ed2ca10214002d9f8b | PlayStation_3 | Sony confirmed that there was an error and stated that they were narrowing down the issue and were continuing to work to restore service. By March 2 (UTC), 2010, owners of original PS3 models could connect to PSN successfully and the clock no longer showed December 31, 1999. Sony stated that the affected models incorre... | What clock unrelated to the error in the PS3 had to be updated in some cases in order to fix the bug? | What clock unrelated to the error in the PS3 had to be updated in some cases in order to fix the bug? | [
"What clock unrelated to the error in the PS3 had to be updated in some cases in order to fix the bug?"
] | {
"text": [
"operating system clock"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107446 | 5a624428f8d794001af1bf02 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area in 1892, the younger Samuel realised there was potential in exporting lamp oi... | Where was the Murex built? | Where was the Murex built? | [
"Where was the Murex built?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28392 | 5ad4d7b05b96ef001a10a30c | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg prefers working with production members with whom he has developed an existing working relationship. An example of this is his production relationship with Kathleen Kennedy who has served as producer on all his major films from E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to the recent Lincoln. For cinematography, Allen Daviau... | For what movie did Laurent Bouzereau complete his first documentary? | For what movie did Laurent Bouzereau complete his first documentary? | [
"For what movie did Laurent Bouzereau complete his first documentary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67922 | 5730141804bcaa1900d77134 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn ... | The majority of the fort walls were removed in what decade? | The majority of the fort walls were removed in what decade? | [
"The majority of the fort walls were removed in what decade?"
] | {
"text": [
"1720s"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48677 | 57284b682ca10214002da25e | War_on_Terror | In the following months, NATO took a wide range of measures to respond to the threat of terrorism. On 22 November 2002, the member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism, which explicitly states, "EAPC States are committed to the protection and prom... | Who declared the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism? | Who declared the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism? | [
"Who declared the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism?"
] | {
"text": [
"member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1313 | 5a4e9da7755ab9001a10f539 | Airport | At extremely large airports, a circuit is in place but not usually used. Rather, aircraft (usually only commercial with long routes) request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport, often before they even take off from their departure point. Large airports have a frequency called Clearance D... | What does a circuit allow an aircraft to do without having to worry about other aircraft? | What does a circuit allow an aircraft to do without having to worry about other aircraft? | [
"What does a circuit allow an aircraft to do without having to worry about other aircraft?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69712 | 5ad4956cba00c4001a268c92 | Windows_8 | Microsoft began an advertising campaign centered around Windows 8 and its Surface tablet in October 2012, starting with its first television advertisement premiering on October 14, 2012. Microsoft's advertising budget of US$1.5–1.8 billion was significantly larger than the US$200 million campaign used to promote Window... | What is the name of the character Microsoft used to make Windows 9 seem more personable? | What is the name of the character Microsoft used to make Windows 9 seem more personable? | [
"What is the name of the character Microsoft used to make Windows 9 seem more personable?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91195 | 5ace3c2732bba1001ae49fbb | Avicenna | A number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. Janssens demonstr... | Who did Zahir al-Bayhai belove belonged to the Sunni Hanafi? | Who did Zahir al-Bayhai belove belonged to the Sunni Hanafi? | [
"Who did Zahir al-Bayhai belove belonged to the Sunni Hanafi?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78566 | 572fc5aba23a5019007fc9c2 | Greeks | The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century ... | When was the original Grecian constitution formed ? | When was the original Grecian constitution formed ? | [
"When was the original Grecian constitution formed ?"
] | {
"text": [
"first Greek constitution of 1822"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68656 | 572ef2fcdfa6aa1500f8d4e9 | Modern_history | In the Pre-Modern era, many people's sense of self and purpose was often expressed via a faith in some form of deity, be that in a single God or in many gods. Pre-modern cultures have not been thought of creating a sense of distinct individuality, though. Religious officials, who often held positions of power, were the... | Through who did the masses have access to the divine? | Through who did the masses have access to the divine? | [
"Through who did the masses have access to the divine?"
] | {
"text": [
"spiritual intermediaries"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108117 | 56e42e3739bdeb140034791f | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place? | Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place? | [
"Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place?"
] | {
"text": [
"Older Orthography"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44628 | 570728b99e06ca38007e94b9 | Chihuahua_(state) | A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic g... | The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries. | The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries. | [
"The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries."
] | {
"text": [
"ranching and mining"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35753 | 5a487a0a84b8a4001a7e78bd | Imperial_College_London | Non-academic alumni: Author, H. G. Wells, McLaren and Ferrari Chief Designer, Nicholas Tombazis, CEO of Rolls Royce, Ralph Robins, rock band Queen, Brian May, CEO of Singapore Airlines, Chew Choon Seng, Prime Minister of New Zealand, Julius Vogel, Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapor... | What hedge fund manager is an academic alumni? | What hedge fund manager is an academic alumni? | [
"What hedge fund manager is an academic alumni?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29076 | 5ad37aff604f3c001a3fe3e6 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The firm continued to pressure Kelsey and the agency to approve the application—until November 1961, when the drug was pulled off the German market because of its association with grave congenital abnormalities. Several thousand newborns in Europe and elsewhere suffered the teratogenic effects of thalidomide. Though th... | When was the drug taken off shelves in the USA? | When was the drug taken off shelves in the USA? | [
"When was the drug taken off shelves in the USA?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91495 | 5acea8e732bba1001ae4af3d | Avicenna | Avicenna's psychology requires that connection between the body and soul be strong enough to ensure the soul's individuation, but weak enough to allow for its immortality. Avicenna grounds his psychology on physiology, which means his account of the soul is one that deals almost entirely with the natural science of the... | What does Avicenna not ground his psychology on? | What does Avicenna not ground his psychology on? | [
"What does Avicenna not ground his psychology on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91704 | 57274c04708984140094dbd4 | Botany | Unlike in higher animals, where parthenogenesis is rare, asexual reproduction may occur in plants by several different mechanisms. The formation of stem tubers in potato is one example. Particularly in arctic or alpine habitats, where opportunities for fertilisation of flowers by animals are rare, plantlets or bulbs, m... | What do plants do when the environment makes fertilization especially difficult? | What do plants do when the environment makes fertilization especially difficult? | [
"What do plants do when the environment makes fertilization especially difficult?"
] | {
"text": [
"replacing sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50631 | 56e8733699e8941900975e23 | Bern | The City Council (Gemeinderat) constitutes the executive government of the City of Bern and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Gemeinderat/-rätin), each presiding over a directorate (Direktion) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive departm... | Who is Bern's mayor, or Stadtprasident? | Who is Bern's mayor, or Stadtprasident? | [
"Who is Bern's mayor, or Stadtprasident?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexander Tschäppät"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43480 | 57269781708984140094cb28 | Korean_War | On Saturday, 24 June 1950, U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson informed President Truman that the North Koreans had invaded South Korea. Truman and Acheson discussed a U.S. invasion response and agreed that the United States was obligated to act, paralleling the North Korean invasion with Adolf Hitler's aggressions in... | The US involvement in the Korean War was important to achieving what goal? | The US involvement in the Korean War was important to achieving what goal? | [
"The US involvement in the Korean War was important to achieving what goal?"
] | {
"text": [
"the global containment of communism"
],
"answer_start": [
716
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47739 | 57267838dd62a815002e8625 | Napoleon | Napoleon established a political system that historian Martyn Lyons called "dictatorship by plebiscite." Worried by the democratic forces unleashed by the Revolution, but unwilling to ignore them entirely, Napoleon resorted to regular electoral consultations with the French people on his road to imperial power. He draf... | What percentage of the vote was recorded as approving Napoleon's constitution? | What percentage of the vote was recorded as approving Napoleon's constitution? | [
" What percentage of the vote was recorded as approving Napoleon's constitution?"
] | {
"text": [
"99.94"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101666 | 56d9b75edc89441400fdb73c | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot? | Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot? | [
"Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot?"
] | {
"text": [
"starch"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62021 | 572a8ec3be1ee31400cb8090 | Madrasa | The first Madressa established in North America, Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, was established in Cornwall, Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz (Quran) and Ulama. The seminary was established by Mazhar Alam under the direction of his teacher the leading Indian Tablighi scholar Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi and... | What organization did Shaykh Muhammad Alsahareef start? | What organization did Shaykh Muhammad Alsahareef start? | [
"What organization did Shaykh Muhammad Alsahareef start?"
] | {
"text": [
"AlMaghrib Institute"
],
"answer_start": [
711
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41150 | 57315ef905b4da19006bd10a | Egypt | In 1975, Sadat shifted Nasser's economic policies and sought to use his popularity to reduce government regulations and encourage foreign investment through his program of Infitah. Through this policy, incentives such as reduced taxes and import tariffs attracted some investors, but investments were mainly directed at ... | What occured in 1977? | What occured in 1977? | [
"What occured in 1977?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egyptian Bread Riots."
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106511 | 57261d85ec44d21400f3d8fe | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeu... | The ideals of Hellenistic art are sensuality and what? | The ideals of Hellenistic art are sensuality and what? | [
"The ideals of Hellenistic art are sensuality and what?"
] | {
"text": [
"passion"
],
"answer_start": [
664
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105839 | 5a56aed56349e2001acdcede | Compact_disc | Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both... | Why was the original ReWriteable CD written only at speeds faster than 4x? | Why was the original ReWriteable CD written only at speeds faster than 4x? | [
"Why was the original ReWriteable CD written only at speeds faster than 4x?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91321 | 5726ce2fdd62a815002e90dd | Avicenna | His Book of Healing became available in Europe in partial Latin translation some fifty years after its composition, under the title Sufficientia, and some authors have identified a "Latin Avicennism" as flourishing for some time, paralleling the more influential Latin Averroism, but suppressed by the Parisian decrees o... | What was the title of Ibn Sina's Book of Healing? | What was the title of Ibn Sina's Book of Healing? | [
"What was the title of Ibn Sina's Book of Healing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sufficientia"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12438 | 5a65e0f1c2b11c001a425d9f | Antibiotics | Several organizations concerned with antimicrobial resistance are lobbying to eliminate the unnecessary use of antibiotics. The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicr... | When did the French start going after children? | When did the French start going after children? | [
"When did the French start going after children?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76071 | 56e0d21b7aa994140058e74f | Web_browser | In the case of http, https, file, and others, once the resource has been retrieved the web browser will display it. HTML and associated content (image files, formatting information such as CSS, etc.) is passed to the browser's layout engine to be transformed from markup to an interactive document, a process known as "r... | What is it called when content is changed from markup to an interactive document? | What is it called when content is changed from markup to an interactive document? | [
"What is it called when content is changed from markup to an interactive document?"
] | {
"text": [
"rendering"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109099 | 5727617f708984140094dcc0 | Carnival | In the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: "Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a pagan." Confessio... | What was it a sin with no small penance to dress up as? | What was it a sin with no small penance to dress up as? | [
"What was it a sin with no small penance to dress up as?"
] | {
"text": [
"an animal or old woman"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112134 | 572903331d04691400778f6b | Race_(human_categorization) | In the last two decades of the 18th century, the theory of polygenism, the belief that different races had evolved separately in each continent and shared no common ancestor, was advocated in England by historian Edward Long and anatomist Charles White, in Germany by ethnographers Christoph Meiners and Georg Forster, a... | What was the profession of Christoph Meiners and Georg Forster? | What was the profession of Christoph Meiners and Georg Forster? | [
"What was the profession of Christoph Meiners and Georg Forster?"
] | {
"text": [
"ethnographers"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47698 | 5726625e5951b619008f711b | Napoleon | Two days after the marriage, Bonaparte left Paris to take command of the Army of Italy. He immediately went on the offensive, hoping to defeat the forces of Piedmont before their Austrian allies could intervene. In a series of rapid victories during the Montenotte Campaign, he knocked Piedmont out of the war in two wee... | When did the French victory at Rivoli occur? | When did the French victory at Rivoli occur? | [
"When did the French victory at Rivoli occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 1797"
],
"answer_start": [
716
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53304 | 5a68f6648476ee001a58a921 | Sichuan | Sichuan consists of two geographically very distinct parts. The eastern part of the province is mostly within the fertile Sichuan basin (which is shared by Sichuan with Chongqing Municipality). The western Sichuan consists of the numerous mountain ranges forming the easternmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which ... | Which mountain range contains the highest point in the Qinghai province? | Which mountain range contains the highest point in the Qinghai province? | [
"Which mountain range contains the highest point in the Qinghai province?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95567 | 5ad3de2f604f3c001a3ff461 | Yale_University | A decade into co-education, rampant student assault and harassment by faculty became the impetus for the trailblazing lawsuit Alexander v. Yale. While unsuccessful in the courts, the legal reasoning behind the case changed the landscape of sex discrimination law and resulted in the establishment of Yale's Grievance Boa... | What did Yale do about the Title X complaint? | What did Yale do about the Title X complaint? | [
"What did Yale do about the Title X complaint?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52449 | 57295f9d1d0469140077933e | Planck_constant | Equivalently, the smallness of the Planck constant reflects the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles. For example, green light with a wavelength of 555 nanometres (the approximate wavelength to which human eyes are most sensitive) has a frequency of 7014540000000000000♠540 THz ... | How much energy is contained in the light to which human eyes are most sensitive? | How much energy is contained in the light to which human eyes are most sensitive? | [
"How much energy is contained in the light to which human eyes are most sensitive?"
] | {
"text": [
"7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol"
],
"answer_start": [
901
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92760 | 5a6fe2ed8abb0b001a676011 | Alsace | From the annexation of Alsace by France in the 17th century and the language policy of the French Revolution up to 1870, knowledge of French in Alsace increased considerably. With the education reforms of the 19th century, the middle classes began to speak and write French well. The French language never really managed... | When did writing French in the middle class fall out of fashion? | When did writing French in the middle class fall out of fashion? | [
"When did writing French in the middle class fall out of fashion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83523 | 5727f5d22ca10214002d9a51 | Dominican_Order | As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, the Dartford sisters were also heirs to a tradition of profound learning and piety. Sections of translations of spiritual writings in Dartford's library, such as Suso's Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Laurent du Bois' Somme le Roi, show that the "ghoostli" link to... | What did the Dartford nunnery have in common with the priory of Poissy? | What did the Dartford nunnery have in common with the priory of Poissy? | [
"What did the Dartford nunnery have in common with the priory of Poissy?"
] | {
"text": [
"a religious house founded by a royal house"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99863 | 56fb91df8ddada1400cd64fa | Middle_Ages | During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates inde... | Along with Castile and Poland, what country developed a law code in the Later Middle Ages? | Along with Castile and Poland, what country developed a law code in the Later Middle Ages? | [
"Along with Castile and Poland, what country developed a law code in the Later Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lithuania"
],
"answer_start": [
710
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99469 | 56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e5 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian? | In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian? | [
"In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian?"
] | {
"text": [
"1070"
],
"answer_start": [
740
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21840 | 570ab8c54103511400d59965 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked f... | How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be? | How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be? | [
"How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be?"
] | {
"text": [
"the largest in Australian naval history"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27809 | 5acd257407355d001abf36c8 | Energy | Sunlight is also captured by plants as chemical potential energy in photosynthesis, when carbon dioxide and water (two low-energy compounds) are converted into the high-energy compounds carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Plants also release oxygen during photosynthesis, which is utilized by living organisms as an ele... | What may be triggered after a long time by a spark? | What may be triggered after a long time by a spark? | [
"What may be triggered after a long time by a spark?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37402 | 5727bb71ff5b5019007d93a8 | Switzerland | Alpine symbolism has played an essential role in shaping the history of the country and the Swiss national identity. Nowadays some concentrated mountain areas have a strong highly energetic ski resort culture in winter, and a hiking (ger: das Wandern) or Mountain biking culture in summer. Other areas throughout the yea... | What is the name of the trumpet like musical instrument made of wood has become the epitome of traditional Swiss music? | What is the name of the trumpet like musical instrument made of wood has become the epitome of traditional Swiss music? | [
"What is the name of the trumpet like musical instrument made of wood has become the epitome of traditional Swiss music?"
] | {
"text": [
"alphorn"
],
"answer_start": [
733
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111295 | 5731c36fb9d445190005e516 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Official cults were state funded as a "matter of public interest" (res publica). Non-official but lawful cults were funded by private individuals for the benefit of their own communities. The difference between public and private cult is often unclear. Individuals or collegial associations could offer funds and cult to... | Who funded non-official religious cults? | Who funded non-official religious cults? | [
"Who funded non-official religious cults?"
] | {
"text": [
"private individuals"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47277 | 5726edb4dd62a815002e9578 | Madonna_(entertainer) | By 2013, Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built ten schools to educate 4,000 children in Malawi at a value of $400,000. When Madonna visited the schools in April 2013, President of Malawi Joyce Banda expressed criticism of the star and her charity, accusing her of exaggerating her charity's contribution. Madonna r... | By 2013, how many did Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built? | By 2013, how many did Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built? | [
"By 2013, how many did Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built?"
] | {
"text": [
"ten schools"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115571 | 5709867ced30961900e8427e | England_national_football_team | To begin with, England had no permanent home stadium. They joined FIFA in 1906 and played their first ever games against countries other than the Home Nations on a tour of Central Europe in 1908. Wembley Stadium was opened in 1923 and became their home ground. The relationship between England and FIFA became strained, ... | In what year did Wembley Stadium open? | In what year did Wembley Stadium open? | [
"In what year did Wembley Stadium open?"
] | {
"text": [
"1923"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46393 | 5ad09d41645df0001a2cff5a | Department_store | Department stores today have sections that sell the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware and additionally select other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment, ... | Who stopped influencing department stores in the 1970's? | Who stopped influencing department stores in the 1970's? | [
"Who stopped influencing department stores in the 1970's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64132 | 5ace8a0432bba1001ae4a9d2 | Annelid | Most mature clitellates (the group that includes earthworms and leeches) are full hermaphrodites, although in a few leech species younger adults function as males and become female at maturity. All have well-developed gonads, and all copulate. Earthworms store their partners' sperm in spermathecae ("sperm stores") and ... | Where do leeches eat their eggs? | Where do leeches eat their eggs? | [
"Where do leeches eat their eggs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13735 | 5a35ca66788daf001a5f8671 | Glacier | The permanent snow cover necessary for glacier formation is affected by factors such as the degree of slope on the land, amount of snowfall and the winds. Glaciers can be found in all latitudes except from 20° to 27° north and south of the equator where the presence of the descending limb of the Hadley circulation lowe... | What can be found in every country from 20 degrees to 27 degess north and south of the equator? | What can be found in every country from 20 degrees to 27 degess north and south of the equator? | [
"What can be found in every country from 20 degrees to 27 degess north and south of the equator?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95459 | 57269a03708984140094cb58 | Yale_University | The Revolutionary War soldier Nathan Hale (Yale 1773) was the prototype of the Yale ideal in the early 19th century: a manly yet aristocratic scholar, equally well-versed in knowledge and sports, and a patriot who "regretted" that he "had but one life to lose" for his country. Western painter Frederic Remington (Yale 1... | What profession did Frederic Remington hold? | What profession did Frederic Remington hold? | [
"What profession did Frederic Remington hold?"
] | {
"text": [
"artist"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73374 | 56db229de7c41114004b4dec | American_Idol | The two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five. Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result since season two. It was claimed, later retracted, that 38 million of the 100 million votes cast on the night came from Allen's home s... | How many votes were cast for the final two? | How many votes were cast for the final two? | [
"How many votes were cast for the final two?"
] | {
"text": [
"100 million"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45458 | 571a5fc410f8ca1400305002 | Ashkenazi_Jews | People of Ashkenazi descent constitute around 47.5% of Israeli Jews (and therefore 35–36% of Israelis). They have played a prominent role in the economy, media, and politics of Israel since its founding. During the first decades of Israel as a state, strong cultural conflict occurred between Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jew... | What percentage of all Israelis are thought to be of Ashkenazi descent? | What percentage of all Israelis are thought to be of Ashkenazi descent? | [
"What percentage of all Israelis are thought to be of Ashkenazi descent?"
] | {
"text": [
"35–36%"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59695 | 5ad16b8f645df0001a2d1a99 | Electric_motor | Since the armature windings of a direct-current or universal motor are moving through a magnetic field, they have a voltage induced in them. This voltage tends to oppose the motor supply voltage and so is called "back electromotive force (emf)". The voltage is proportional to the running speed of the motor. The back em... | If load decreases, what happens to current drawn? | If load decreases, what happens to current drawn? | [
"If load decreases, what happens to current drawn?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104384 | 5728b1163acd2414000dfcd3 | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubl... | What was John Sheahan and Barney Mckenna's band called? | What was John Sheahan and Barney Mckenna's band called? | [
"What was John Sheahan and Barney Mckenna's band called?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Dubliners,"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67080 | 5726d1f5f1498d1400e8ec47 | Nutrition | The EFSA panel also determined intakes for different populations. Recommended intake volumes in the elderly are the same as for adults as despite lower energy consumption, the water requirement of this group is increased due to a reduction in renal concentrating capacity. Pregnant and breastfeeding women require additi... | Other then breastfeeding women, who what other category of woman should have increased water intake? | Other then breastfeeding women, who what other category of woman should have increased water intake? | [
"Other then breastfeeding women, who what other category of woman should have increased water intake?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pregnant"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32453 | 570def870b85d914000d7c07 | Antarctica | Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 in... | About long long do researchers stay when researching in Antarctica? | About long long do researchers stay when researching in Antarctica? | [
"About long long do researchers stay when researching in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"one-year"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17919 | 5ad24827d7d075001a428b55 | Spectre_(2015_film) | A sequel to Spectre will begin development in spring 2016. Sam Mendes has stated he will not return to direct the next 007 film. Christoph Waltz has signed on for two more films in the series, but his return depends on whether or not Craig will again portray Bond. | Who will return to direct the next 007 film? | Who will return to direct the next 007 film? | [
"Who will return to direct the next 007 film?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107754 | 5acfa7de77cf76001a685745 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under construction during the conflict with Ibn al-Zubayr. This had led some ... | What year did construction of the Dome of the Rock begin? | What year did construction of the Dome of the Rock begin? | [
"What year did construction of the Dome of the Rock begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20974 | 56dd374a66d3e219004dac71 | Prime_minister | The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria... | What is the head of Iran's government called? | What is the head of Iran's government called? | [
"What is the head of Iran's government called?"
] | {
"text": [
"President"
],
"answer_start": [
695
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34287 | 56f837eba6d7ea1400e174b7 | Southampton | Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established. | In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic? | In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic? | [
"In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic?"
] | {
"text": [
"10th"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52693 | 5a73877f53a187001ae6322d | Political_party | The first political factions, cohering around a basic, if fluid, set of principles emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late-17th-century England. The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule and the Tories, originating in the Royalist (or "Cavalier") faction of t... | In what year did the Exclusion Crisis end? | In what year did the Exclusion Crisis end? | [
"In what year did the Exclusion Crisis end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16099 | 572eb943c246551400ce4575 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing u... | Why did Libya become an "international pariah"? | Why did Libya become an "international pariah"? | [
"Why did Libya become an \"international pariah\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67344 | 5a105795decec9001847563b | Hanover | The Hanover Zoo is one of the most spectacular and best zoos in Europe. The zoo received the Park Scout Award for the fourth year running in 2009/10, placing it among the best zoos in Germany. The zoo consists of several theme areas: Sambesi, Meyers Farm, Gorilla-Mountain, Jungle-Palace, and Mullewapp. Some smaller are... | What is one of the earliest Jews in Europe? | What is one of the earliest Jews in Europe? | [
"What is one of the earliest Jews in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99564 | 56fb6570b28b3419009f1d15 | Middle_Ages | The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid d... | What dynasty ruled Egypt in this period? | What dynasty ruled Egypt in this period? | [
"What dynasty ruled Egypt in this period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tulunids"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99052 | 572782aff1498d1400e8fa37 | Turner_Classic_Movies | Most Paramount sound releases made prior to 1950 are owned by EMKA, Ltd./NBCUniversal Television Distribution, while Paramount (currently owned by Viacom) holds on to most of its post-1949 releases, which are distributed for television by Trifecta Entertainment & Media. Columbia's film output is owned by Sony (through ... | Who owns Paramount? | Who owns Paramount? | [
"Who owns Paramount?"
] | {
"text": [
"Viacom"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6396 | 5ad33ed9604f3c001a3fdbb8 | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation 3 launched in North America with 14 titles, with another three being released before the end of 2006. After the first week of sales it was confirmed that Resistance: Fall of Man from Insomniac Games was the top-selling launch game in North America. The game was heavily praised by numerous video game website... | What game won GameSpot's Game of the Year title for 2016? | What game won GameSpot's Game of the Year title for 2016? | [
"What game won GameSpot's Game of the Year title for 2016?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37556 | 572817584b864d1900164465 | London | Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt, although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt. Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer Lond... | In which directions does the River Thames divide the City of London? | In which directions does the River Thames divide the City of London? | [
"In which directions does the River Thames divide the City of London?"
] | {
"text": [
"North and South"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15534 | 570709ba9e06ca38007e92d9 | Black_people | In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had ... | Who argued for Americans to use the term "African American"? | Who argued for Americans to use the term "African American"? | [
"Who argued for Americans to use the term \"African American\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jesse Jackson"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29030 | 571d0ddb5efbb31900334e8a | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the U.S., a push for revisions of the FD&C Act emerged from Congressional hearings led by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee in 1959. The hearings covered a wide range of policy issues, including advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry. While momentum ... | Did the US Congress call for more or less regulation of pharmaceuticals? | Did the US Congress call for more or less regulation of pharmaceuticals? | [
"Did the US Congress call for more or less regulation of pharmaceuticals?"
] | {
"text": [
"greater"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115645 | 5727a76e2ca10214002d92f6 | Galicia_(Spain) | The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia,... | When did it get its modern spelling? | When did it get its modern spelling? | [
"When did it get its modern spelling?"
] | {
"text": [
"15th and 16th centuries"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21461 | 56e6f651de9d3714000680f9 | Adult_contemporary_music | In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ba... | What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for? | What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for? | [
"What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for?"
] | {
"text": [
"ballads"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80395 | 572fcf88a23a5019007fca24 | Bacteria | Transduction of bacterial genes by bacteriophage appears to be a consequence of infrequent errors during intracellular assembly of virus particles, rather than a bacterial adaptation. Conjugation, in the much-studied E. coli system is determined by plasmid genes, and is an adaptation for transferring copies of the plas... | What is the result of bacterial adaptation of E.coli bacteria host and plasmid of another bacteria? | What is the result of bacterial adaptation of E.coli bacteria host and plasmid of another bacteria? | [
"What is the result of bacterial adaptation of E.coli bacteria host and plasmid of another bacteria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Conjugation"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22816 | 5735a69ce853931400426aa2 | Kathmandu | Kathmandu is dissected by eight rivers, the main river of the valley, the Bagmati and its tributaries, of which the Bishnumati, Dhobi Khola, Manohara Khola, Hanumant Khola, and Tukucha Khola are predominant. The mountains from where these rivers originate are in the elevation range of 1,500–3,000 metres (4,900–9,800 ft... | How many rivers travel through Kathmandu? | How many rivers travel through Kathmandu? | [
"How many rivers travel through Kathmandu?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27499 | 5a62a317f8d794001af1c17c | Liberia | In the United States, there was a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa. The American Colonization Society was founded in 1816 in Washington, DC for this purpose, by a group of prominent politicians and slaveholders. But its membership grew to include mostly people who supported abolition... | How did many African Americans feel after the abolition of slavery? | How did many African Americans feel after the abolition of slavery? | [
"How did many African Americans feel after the abolition of slavery?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79050 | 56d1307b17492d1400aabbb2 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The team worked on a Wii control scheme, adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface. A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements. When the third-person view was restored, Aonu... | When did Nintendo announce both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? | When did Nintendo announce both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? | [
"When did Nintendo announce both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch?"
] | {
"text": [
"E3 2006"
],
"answer_start": [
956
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67634 | 5a81b6a631013a001a334dca | Norfolk_Island | As a relatively small and isolated oceanic island, Norfolk has few land birds but a high degree of endemicity among them. Many of the endemic species and subspecies have become extinct as a result of massive clearance of the island's native vegetation of subtropical rainforest for agriculture, hunting and persecution a... | What non-bird animals caused the bird populations of Norfolk Island to celebrate? | What non-bird animals caused the bird populations of Norfolk Island to celebrate? | [
"What non-bird animals caused the bird populations of Norfolk Island to celebrate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33322 | 57264b7c5951b619008f6f38 | Incandescent_light_bulb | This means that a 5% reduction in operating voltage will more than double the life of the bulb, at the expense of reducing its light output by about 16%. This may be a very acceptable trade off for a light bulb that is in a difficult-to-access location (for example, traffic lights or fixtures hung from high ceilings). ... | When did light bulb manufacturers establish a cartel to limit bulb life? | When did light bulb manufacturers establish a cartel to limit bulb life? | [
"When did light bulb manufacturers establish a cartel to limit bulb life?"
] | {
"text": [
"1924"
],
"answer_start": [
653
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61281 | 5a3ac9553ff257001ab84274 | Flowering_plant | The apparently sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record initially posed such a problem for the theory of evolution that it was called an "abominable mystery" by Charles Darwin. However, the fossil record has considerably grown since the time of Darwin, and recently discovered angiosperm fossils s... | Why has the relationship between gnetophytes and gymnosperms been disputed? | Why has the relationship between gnetophytes and gymnosperms been disputed? | [
"Why has the relationship between gnetophytes and gymnosperms been disputed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82072 | 5acfc4f777cf76001a685e12 | Royal_assent | In Belgium, the sanction royale has the same legal effect as royal assent; the Belgian constitution requires a theoretically possible refusal of royal sanction to be countersigned—as any other act of the monarch—by a minister responsible before the House of Representatives. The monarch promulgates the law, meaning that... | In Bulgaria, what has the same effect as royal assent? | In Bulgaria, what has the same effect as royal assent? | [
"In Bulgaria, what has the same effect as royal assent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97118 | 56cbdcd16d243a140015eda2 | Frédéric_Chopin | In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lesso... | During what month did Frédéric move to Warsaw with his family? | During what month did Frédéric move to Warsaw with his family? | [
"During what month did Frédéric move to Warsaw with his family?"
] | {
"text": [
"October"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
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