gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-26568 | 573197890fdd8d15006c63b8 | University | Colloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: "When I was at university..." (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: "When I was in college..."). In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Spain and the German-speaking cou... | Scotland is said to frequently refer to university as what? | Scotland is said to frequently refer to university as what? | [
"Scotland is said to frequently refer to university as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Varsity"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89550 | 572faa6fb2c2fd14005682e1 | The_Blitz | The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants mi... | Why were many killed in Underground Stations? | Why were many killed in Underground Stations? | [
"Why were many killed in Underground Stations?"
] | {
"text": [
"direct hits"
],
"answer_start": [
875
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116381 | 5707044d90286e26004fc7f5 | Letter_case | Most Western languages (particularly those with writing systems based on the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Coptic, and Armenian alphabets) use letter cases in their written form as an aid to clarity. Scripts using two separate cases are also called bicameral scripts. Many other writing systems make no distinction between maj... | Which alphabet is a special case because it transitioned from bicameral to unicameral? | Which alphabet is a special case because it transitioned from bicameral to unicameral? | [
"Which alphabet is a special case because it transitioned from bicameral to unicameral?"
] | {
"text": [
"Georgian"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54082 | 5ad3e7dd604f3c001a3ff619 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women ... | What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1990s? | What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1990s? | [
" What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1990s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9953 | 572814a52ca10214002d9d7e | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Relations between Nasser and King Hussein deteriorated in April when Hussein implicated Nasser in two coup attempts against him—although Nasser's involvement was never established—and dissolved al-Nabulsi's cabinet. Nasser subsequently slammed Hussein on Cairo radio as being "a tool of the imperialists". Relations with... | What non-Egyptian leader was concerned about Nasser's popularity outside of Egypt? | What non-Egyptian leader was concerned about Nasser's popularity outside of Egypt? | [
"What non-Egyptian leader was concerned about Nasser's popularity outside of Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"King Saud"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28936 | 571d3f925efbb31900334ef0 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly? | How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly? | [
"How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly?"
] | {
"text": [
"between 10,000 and 15,000 USD"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107323 | 5acea55e32bba1001ae4aeca | Hunting | Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often pur... | What is needed to enter MBCC areas? | What is needed to enter MBCC areas? | [
"What is needed to enter MBCC areas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68335 | 572814934b864d1900164404 | George_VI | In October 1919, Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year. On 4 June 1920, he was created Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards.... | What did Albert study in Trinity College? | What did Albert study in Trinity College? | [
"What did Albert study in Trinity College?"
] | {
"text": [
"history, economics and civics"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54191 | 5ad3ebf1604f3c001a3ff74c | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command. The new command, created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines t... | What are the parts that merged into the non-Canadian Joint Operations Command? | What are the parts that merged into the non-Canadian Joint Operations Command? | [
"What are the parts that merged into the non-Canadian Joint Operations Command?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111008 | 5728250a4b864d190016458a | Group_(mathematics) | Sub- and quotient groups are related in the following way: a subset H of G can be seen as an injective map H → G, i.e. any element of the target has at most one element that maps to it. The counterpart to injective maps are surjective maps (every element of the target is mapped onto), such as the canonical map G → G / ... | What is an example of a surjective map? | What is an example of a surjective map? | [
"What is an example of a surjective map?"
] | {
"text": [
"canonical map"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72886 | 5ad362de604f3c001a3fdfae | Dell | The combined business is expected to address the markets for scale-out architecture, converged infrastructure and private cloud computing, playing to the strengths of both EMC and Dell. Commentators have questioned the deal, with FBR Capital Markets saying that though it makes a "ton of sense" for Dell, it's a "nightma... | What type of computing is the combined effort of EMC and Dell slated to not address? | What type of computing is the combined effort of EMC and Dell slated to not address? | [
"What type of computing is the combined effort of EMC and Dell slated to not address?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44832 | 56f8c7b29b226e1400dd0fc0 | Gene | Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype only when paired with another copy of the same allele. For example, if the allele speci... | When do alleles assort independently? | When do alleles assort independently? | [
"When do alleles assort independently?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the production of gametes"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36712 | 57321018b9d445190005e7ad | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | To a large extent, the minority leader's position is a 20th-century innovation. Prior to this time congressional parties were often relatively disorganized, so it was not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader. Decades went by before anything like the modern two-party congressional system emerged ... | When was the minority leader position created? | When was the minority leader position created? | [
"When was the minority leader position created? "
] | {
"text": [
"20th-century"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97477 | 56cf5187aab44d1400b88fc5 | Frédéric_Chopin | Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and ... | What is the name of the event that The Warsaw Chopin Society holds? | What is the name of the event that The Warsaw Chopin Society holds? | [
"What is the name of the event that The Warsaw Chopin Society holds?"
] | {
"text": [
"Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40107 | 5727c17c3acd2414000debc8 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | When John DeStefano, Jr., became mayor of New Haven in 1995, he outlined a plan to transform the city into a major cultural and arts center in the Northeast, which involved investments in programs and projects other than sports franchises. As nearby Bridgeport built new sports facilities, the brutalist New Haven Colise... | What indoor sporting complex in New Haven was constructed by the DeStefano administration in 1998? | What indoor sporting complex in New Haven was constructed by the DeStefano administration in 1998? | [
"What indoor sporting complex in New Haven was constructed by the DeStefano administration in 1998?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Haven Athletic Center"
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36762 | 573227fbe17f3d14004226ca | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede... | Why were republicans upset with Mann? | Why were republicans upset with Mann? | [
"Why were republicans upset with Mann?"
] | {
"text": [
"objecting to their private bills on the floor"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45953 | 5ace498c32bba1001ae4a1cc | YouTube | In May 2014, prior to the launch of YouTube's subscription-based Music Key service, the independent music trade organization Worldwide Independent Network alleged that YouTube was using non-negotiable contracts with independent labels that were "undervalued" in comparison to other streaming services, and that YouTube w... | What did Kyncl say 100% of the labels had reached? | What did Kyncl say 100% of the labels had reached? | [
"What did Kyncl say 100% of the labels had reached?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30842 | 57268c7fdd62a815002e8939 | Mexico_City | The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized. He also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufac... | Who signed NAFTA for Mexico? | Who signed NAFTA for Mexico? | [
"Who signed NAFTA for Mexico?"
] | {
"text": [
"President Carlos Salinas de Gortari"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45173 | 5ace41cd32bba1001ae4a0c7 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In May 2012, Sony Music filed charges against the website IsoHunt. The plaintifs claims in the court document filed at the supreme court of British Columbia: "The IsoHunt Websites have been designed and are operated by the defendants with the sole purpose of profiting from rampant copyright infringement which defendant... | The website IconicHunt had charges filed against them by whom? | The website IconicHunt had charges filed against them by whom? | [
"The website IconicHunt had charges filed against them by whom?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13905 | 56de7cb6cffd8e1900b4b97e | BBC_Television | BBC TV was renamed BBC1 in 1964, after the launch of BBC2 (now BBC Two), the third television station (ITV was the second) for the UK; its remit, to provide more niche programming. The channel was due to launch on 20 April 1964, but was put off the air by a massive power failure that affected much of London, caused by ... | Who served as MC for the first BBC2 broadcast? | Who served as MC for the first BBC2 broadcast? | [
"Who served as MC for the first BBC2 broadcast?"
] | {
"text": [
"Denis Tuohy"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22487 | 5a360940788daf001a5f86bd | Himachal_Pradesh | Himachal Pradesh is famous for its abundant natural beauty. After the war between Nepal and Britain, also known as the Anglo-Gorkha War (1814–1816), the British colonial government came into power and the land now comprising Himachal Pradesh became part of the Punjab Province of British India. In 1950, Himachal was dec... | When did the Himalayas become part of the Punjab Province of British India? | When did the Himalayas become part of the Punjab Province of British India? | [
"When did the Himalayas become part of the Punjab Province of British India?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53130 | 5706c7a52eaba6190074ad03 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | How often do birds molt? | How often do birds molt? | [
"How often do birds molt?"
] | {
"text": [
"usually once a year"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34119 | 5ad410d5604f3c001a4001d0 | Alaska | The Alaska Railroad was one of the last railroads in North America to use cabooses in regular service and still uses them on some gravel trains. It continues to offer one of the last flag stop routes in the country. A stretch of about 60 miles (100 km) of track along an area north of Talkeetna remains inaccessible by r... | The ARR was one of the first railroads in the US to use what? | The ARR was one of the first railroads in the US to use what? | [
"The ARR was one of the first railroads in the US to use what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71080 | 56e7906100c9c71400d772d8 | University_of_Kansas | The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus. The School of Engineering was officially founded in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873. | On what campus is the University of Kansas School of Engineering located? | On what campus is the University of Kansas School of Engineering located? | [
"On what campus is the University of Kansas School of Engineering located?"
] | {
"text": [
"main campus"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108305 | 5acd219c07355d001abf3612 | Aspirated_consonant | Icelandic and Faroese have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]; some scholars interpret these as consonant clusters as well. In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops: | What stops contrast with triple and single stops? | What stops contrast with triple and single stops? | [
"What stops contrast with triple and single stops?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4554 | 5a610105e9e1cc001a33ce27 | Pope_John_XXIII | Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile... | When Pope Pius XII left Venice, where was he going? | When Pope Pius XII left Venice, where was he going? | [
"When Pope Pius XII left Venice, where was he going?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70429 | 56dfbe6f231d4119001abd69 | Pub | Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low ... | What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer? | What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer? | [
"What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer?"
] | {
"text": [
"gin"
],
"answer_start": [
616
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74001 | 5acf9df677cf76001a68554d | Architecture | While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti... | What was the term "criteria" replaced by? | What was the term "criteria" replaced by? | [
"What was the term \"criteria\" replaced by? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77724 | 57268766dd62a815002e8843 | British_Empire | After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet read... | When was the Atlantic Charter signed? | When was the Atlantic Charter signed? | [
"When was the Atlantic Charter signed?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 1941"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5542 | 57069b2452bb891400689ac0 | House_music | In the early 1980s, Chicago radio jocks The Hot Mix 5, and club DJs Ron Hardy and Frankie Knuckles played various styles of dance music, including older disco records (mostly Philly disco and Salsoul tracks), electro funk tracks by artists such as Afrika Bambaataa, newer Italo disco, B-Boy hip hop music by Man Parrish,... | how did producers sometimes make edits of house music? | how did producers sometimes make edits of house music? | [
"how did producers sometimes make edits of house music?"
] | {
"text": [
"reel-to-reel tape"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39342 | 57325b510fdd8d15006c6a1a | Protestantism | Also, other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants. For example, torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740, slavery in Britain in 1834 and in the United States in 1865 (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln - against Southern Protestants). Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among t... | When did Britain end slavery? | When did Britain end slavery? | [
"When did Britain end slavery?"
] | {
"text": [
"1834"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77231 | 5a299bd203c0e7001a3e1852 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning... | What organization was sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials in 2011? | What organization was sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials in 2011? | [
"What organization was sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70033 | 5ad4a1b7ba00c4001a268e82 | Windows_8 | In May 2014, the Government of China banned the internal purchase of Windows 8-based products under government contracts requiring "energy-efficient" devices. The Xinhua News Agency claimed that Windows 8 was being banned in protest of Microsoft's support lifecycle policy and the end of support for Windows XP (which, a... | Who claimed that the Windows 9 would allow the US Government to spy on its users? | Who claimed that the Windows 9 would allow the US Government to spy on its users? | [
"Who claimed that the Windows 9 would allow the US Government to spy on its users?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69993 | 5ad4a079ba00c4001a268e4d | Windows_8 | However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in 2011. As the holiday shopping season wrapped up, Windows 8 sales continued to lag, even as Apple reported brisk sales. The market research firm IDC reported an over... | What isn't IDC? | What isn't IDC? | [
"What isn't IDC?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68271 | 573053c88ab72b1400f9c467 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts. Soon, federal soldiers were dispensed to Charleston's forts, and five United States Coast Guard cutters were detached to Charleston Harb... | The federal action of sending soldiers to Charleston in 1832 is known as what? | The federal action of sending soldiers to Charleston in 1832 is known as what? | [
"The federal action of sending soldiers to Charleston in 1832 is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Charleston incident"
],
"answer_start": [
568
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110299 | 5a39a8772f14dd001ac72538 | Culture | Cultural sociology first emerged in Weimar Germany (1918–1933), where sociologists such as Alfred Weber used the term Kultursoziologie (cultural sociology). Cultural sociology was then "reinvented" in the English-speaking world as a product of the "cultural turn" of the 1960s, which ushered in structuralist and postmod... | Who was the last to refer to culture as sociology? | Who was the last to refer to culture as sociology? | [
"Who was the last to refer to culture as sociology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91876 | 57273abddd62a815002e99cc | Cotton | The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain provided a great boost to cotton manufacture, as textiles emerged as Britain's leading export. In 1738, Lewis Paul and John Wyatt, of Birmingham, England, patented the roller spinning machine, as well as the flyer-and-bobbin system for drawing cotton to a more even thi... | What event produced an expansion of the British cotton industry? | What event produced an expansion of the British cotton industry? | [
"What event produced an expansion of the British cotton industry?"
] | {
"text": [
"Industrial Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90961 | 572aadc2be1ee31400cb8155 | John_Kerry | After Kerry's third qualifying wound, he was entitled per Navy regulations to reassignment away from combat duties. Kerry's preferred choice for reassignment was as a military aide in Boston, New York or Washington, D.C. On April 11, 1969, he reported to the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service, ... | When did Kerry become a lieutenant? | When did Kerry become a lieutenant? | [
"When did Kerry become a lieutenant?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 1, 1970"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30752 | 572678f75951b619008f73bf | Mexico_City | Due in large part to the persuasion of representative Servando Teresa de Mier, Mexico City was chosen because it was the center of the country's population and history, even though Querétaro was closer to the center geographically. The choice was official on November 18, 1824, and Congress delineated a surface area of ... | When was Mexico City declared the capital? | When was Mexico City declared the capital? | [
"When was Mexico City declared the capital?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 18, 1824"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87506 | 5729b53c1d046914007795c1 | IBM | In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the second largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (435,000 worldwide), the fourth largest in terms of market capitalization, the ninth most profitable, and the nineteenth largest firm in terms of revenue. Globally, the company was ranked the 31st largest in terms of revenue by For... | How many employees did IBM have in 2012? | How many employees did IBM have in 2012? | [
"How many employees did IBM have in 2012?"
] | {
"text": [
"435,000 worldwide"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115561 | 570985de200fba1400368131 | England_national_football_team | The England national football team represents England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man for football matches as part of FIFA-authorised events, and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England. England are one of the two oldest national teams in ... | In what year did England and Scotland play the world's first international football match? | In what year did England and Scotland play the world's first international football match? | [
"In what year did England and Scotland play the world's first international football match?"
] | {
"text": [
"1872"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98309 | 56f8a4f49b226e1400dd0d36 | Alps | The Alps are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain. Elevations around the world that have cold climates similar to those of the polar regions have been called Alpine. A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere causes the tempe... | What is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and dry south? | What is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and dry south? | [
"What is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and dry south?"
] | {
"text": [
"The height of the Alps"
],
"answer_start": [
631
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60534 | 5ace332d32bba1001ae49dd1 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | In 2000, out of 45,693 households, 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.5% were nonfamilies. 35.5% of households were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of... | In what year was the average family size was 2.22? | In what year was the average family size was 2.22? | [
"In what year was the average family size was 2.22? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98017 | 56e08b457aa994140058e5e4 | Hydrogen | Hydrogen forms a vast array of compounds with carbon called the hydrocarbons, and an even vaster array with heteroatoms that, because of their general association with living things, are called organic compounds. The study of their properties is known as organic chemistry and their study in the context of living organi... | What is the form of hydrogen and heteroatoms called? | What is the form of hydrogen and heteroatoms called? | [
"What is the form of hydrogen and heteroatoms called?"
] | {
"text": [
"organic compounds"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102401 | 5ad3c496604f3c001a3fefbf | High-definition_television | For example, 1920×1080p25 identifies progressive scanning format with 25 frames per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i25 or 1080i50 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 25 frames (50 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The... | The 720p60 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per minute? | The 720p60 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per minute? | [
"The 720p60 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per minute?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70970 | 56e7822000c9c71400d771e4 | University_of_Kansas | Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 23,597 students in fall 2014; an additional 3,371 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for a total enrollment of 26,968 students across the three campuses. The university overall employed 2,663 faculty members in fall 2012. | How many education professionals were working at KU in the fall of 2012? | How many education professionals were working at KU in the fall of 2012? | [
"How many education professionals were working at KU in the fall of 2012?"
] | {
"text": [
"2,663"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96681 | 5a8c9919fd22b3001a8d8bae | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The only words of Jesus on the cross in the Mark and Matthew accounts, this is a quotation of Psalm 22. Since other verses of the same Psalm are cited in the crucifixion accounts, it is often considered a literary and theological creation. Geza Vermes, however, points out that the verse is cited in Aramaic rather than ... | What kind of writing did Geza Vermes usually produce? | What kind of writing did Geza Vermes usually produce? | [
"What kind of writing did Geza Vermes usually produce?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12100 | 5ad14d7a645df0001a2d16a7 | Universal_Studios | Goetz set out an ambitious schedule. Universal-International became responsible for the American distribution of Rank's British productions, including such classics as David Lean's Great Expectations (1946) and Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948). Broadening its scope further, Universal-International branched out into the... | Who took over Castle Films in 1947? | Who took over Castle Films in 1947? | [
"Who took over Castle Films in 1947?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102296 | 56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c3 | High-definition_television | Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first ... | What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen? | What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen? | [
"What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen?"
] | {
"text": [
"widescreen cinema"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2280 | 56d1d04ce7d4791d0090221b | Buddhism | According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan "bardo") between one life and the next. The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate ... | There is an intermediate state between one life and the next according to what Buddism? | There is an intermediate state between one life and the next according to what Buddism? | [
"There is an intermediate state between one life and the next according to what Buddism?"
] | {
"text": [
"East Asian and Tibetan"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72013 | 57271452f1498d1400e8f34d | Capacitor | Several other types of capacitor are available for specialist applications. Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy. Supercapacitors made from carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or highly porous electrode materials, offer extremely high capacitance (up to 5 kF as of 2010[update]) and can be used in some applicatio... | What is one type of material with which a supercapacitor may be constructed? | What is one type of material with which a supercapacitor may be constructed? | [
"What is one type of material with which a supercapacitor may be constructed?"
] | {
"text": [
"carbon nanotubes"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79532 | 57311c1005b4da19006bcda8 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The Chronicle provides a mythic tale of Oleg's death. A sorcerer prophesies that the death of the Grand Prince would be associated with a certain horse. Oleg has the horse sequestered, and it later dies. Oleg goes to visit the horse and stands over the carcass, gloating that he had outlived the threat, when a snake str... | What known document tells of the death of Oleg? | What known document tells of the death of Oleg? | [
"What known document tells of the death of Oleg?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Chronicle"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47987 | 5726e200708984140094d4a9 | Napoleon | In terms of impact on events, it was more than Napoleon's personality that took effect. He reorganized France itself to supply the men and money needed for great wars. Above all he inspired his men—Wellington said his presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers, for he inspired confidence from privates to fie... | What did Napoleon reorganize to supply the personnel and money required to fight great wars? | What did Napoleon reorganize to supply the personnel and money required to fight great wars? | [
"What did Napoleon reorganize to supply the personnel and money required to fight great wars?"
] | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52321 | 5ad3970a604f3c001a3fe7ad | Miami | Miami is also the headquarters and main production city of many of the world's largest television networks, record label companies, broadcasting companies and production facilities, such as Telemundo, TeleFutura, Galavisión, Mega TV, Univisión, Univision Communications, Inc., Universal Music Latin Entertainment, RCTV I... | What was the name of the production studio built in Miami by Fox? | What was the name of the production studio built in Miami by Fox? | [
"What was the name of the production studio built in Miami by Fox?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38504 | 5acd14cb07355d001abf33c1 | Materialism | Many current and recent philosophers—e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on. | What 3 theories do modern philosophers disagree with? | What 3 theories do modern philosophers disagree with? | [
"What 3 theories do modern philosophers disagree with? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2527 | 56d249a4b329da140004ecf1 | Buddhism | Zen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little "I" are transcend... | What Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox? | What Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox? | [
"What Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zen"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111972 | 5727b6e5ff5b5019007d9339 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | Chapter VI begins by saying the next three chapters will address possible objections to the theory, the first being that often no intermediate forms between closely related species are found, though the theory implies such forms must have existed. As Darwin noted, "Firstly, why, if species have descended from other spe... | Why did Darwin wonder why all of nature isn't chaotic and random? | Why did Darwin wonder why all of nature isn't chaotic and random? | [
"Why did Darwin wonder why all of nature isn't chaotic and random?"
] | {
"text": [
"why, if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we not everywhere see innumerable transitional forms?"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79703 | 57314fb0497a881900248db2 | Kievan_Rus%27 | From the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicle), but there were als... | Whichgroup was known to support the Pecheneges in their military efforts? | Whichgroup was known to support the Pecheneges in their military efforts? | [
"Whichgroup was known to support the Pecheneges in their military efforts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Byzantine Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108461 | 5acd331807355d001abf3911 | Aspirated_consonant | Some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript ⟨◌̤⟩ to murmured sonorants, such as vowels and nasals, which are murmured throughout their duration, and use the superscript hook-aitch ⟨◌ʱ⟩ for the breathy-voiced release of obstruents. | What is used for the loud-voiced release of obstruents? | What is used for the loud-voiced release of obstruents? | [
"What is used for the loud-voiced release of obstruents?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7663 | 572fb814a23a5019007fc8db | Database | Sometimes it is desired to bring a database back to a previous state (for many reasons, e.g., cases when the database is found corrupted due to a software error, or if it has been updated with erroneous data). To achieve this a backup operation is done occasionally or continuously, where each desired database state (i.... | Name a reason to take a database backward in time? | Name a reason to take a database backward in time? | [
"Name a reason to take a database backward in time?"
] | {
"text": [
"database is found corrupted"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71972 | 57270fc9dd62a815002e988a | Capacitor | Leakage is equivalent to a resistor in parallel with the capacitor. Constant exposure to heat can cause dielectric breakdown and excessive leakage, a problem often seen in older vacuum tube circuits, particularly where oiled paper and foil capacitors were used. In many vacuum tube circuits, interstage coupling capacito... | With what value is a resistor in parallel with a capacitor equal to? | With what value is a resistor in parallel with a capacitor equal to? | [
"With what value is a resistor in parallel with a capacitor equal to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Leakage"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41289 | 5731e314e17f3d14004224fd | Egypt | Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the book. It is an important cultural element in the life of Egypt. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first ... | Who was the first to develop literature? | Who was the first to develop literature? | [
"Who was the first to develop literature?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egyptians"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90703 | 573215140fdd8d15006c6772 | Pacific_War | In August 1943 the Allies formed a new South East Asia Command (SEAC) to take over strategic responsibilities for Burma and India from the British India Command, under Wavell. In October 1943 Winston Churchill appointed Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten as its Supreme Commander. The British and Indian Fourteenth Army was ... | Who was appointed Supreme Commander of the SEAC in October, 1943? | Who was appointed Supreme Commander of the SEAC in October, 1943? | [
"Who was appointed Supreme Commander of the SEAC in October, 1943?"
] | {
"text": [
"Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53449 | 5727bbc1ff5b5019007d93af | Sichuan | On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction. After completion of the Chongqing section of the road, the 36.64 km (22.77 mi) expressway connected Cheng-Nan Expressway and formed the shortest expressway from Chengdu to Chongqin... | After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Chongqing? | After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Chongqing? | [
"After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Chongqing?"
] | {
"text": [
"two and a half hours"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60424 | 57301454a23a5019007fcd1b | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Washington University supports four major student-run media outlets. The university's student newspaper, Student Life, is available for students. KWUR (90.3 FM) serves as the students' official radio station; the station also attracts an audience in the immediately surrounding community due to its eclectic and free-for... | How many media outlets does Washington University support? | How many media outlets does Washington University support? | [
"How many media outlets does Washington University support?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109433 | 56dde4699a695914005b9667 | Dutch_Republic | The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consiste... | Who were the Generality Lands governed by? | Who were the Generality Lands governed by? | [
"Who were the Generality Lands governed by?"
] | {
"text": [
"the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68228 | 57304d34069b531400832024 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England ... | The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools? | The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools? | [
"The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools?"
] | {
"text": [
"K-8 parochial schools"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114203 | 57268318708984140094c88a | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | One of the paper's best known front pages, published on 4 May 1982, commemorated the torpedoing of the Argentine ship the General Belgrano by running the story under the headline "GOTCHA". At MacKenzie's insistence, and against the wishes of Murdoch (the mogul was present because almost all the journalists were on stri... | Which Argentine ship was torpedoed? | Which Argentine ship was torpedoed? | [
"Which Argentine ship was torpedoed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the General Belgrano"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78471 | 5ad271ead7d075001a42947c | Greeks | The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexan... | The time span that is counted as the non-classical for the Greeks is from eras ? | The time span that is counted as the non-classical for the Greeks is from eras ? | [
"The time span that is counted as the non-classical for the Greeks is from eras ?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68077 | 5ad41fec604f3c001a4006c9 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and a... | What was the total value of some of Charleston's city buildings before the earthquake? | What was the total value of some of Charleston's city buildings before the earthquake? | [
"What was the total value of some of Charleston's city buildings before the earthquake?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-860 | 56df80a656340a1900b29c6d | Plymouth | Plymouth is often used as a base by visitors to Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall. Kingsand, Cawsand and Whitsand Bay are popular. | Along with Whitsand Bay and Cawsand, what Plymouth-area beaches are popular with tourists? | Along with Whitsand Bay and Cawsand, what Plymouth-area beaches are popular with tourists? | [
"Along with Whitsand Bay and Cawsand, what Plymouth-area beaches are popular with tourists?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kingsand"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65270 | 5726eae8dd62a815002e952a | Crimean_War | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | The Ottoman ultimatum took place in what year? | The Ottoman ultimatum took place in what year? | [
"The Ottoman ultimatum took place in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1853"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70159 | 570b8627ec8fbc190045ba63 | Great_Plains | To allow for agricultural development of the Great Plains and house a growing population, the US passed the Homestead Acts of 1862: it allowed a settler to claim up to 160 acres (65 ha) of land, provided that he lived on it for a period of five years and cultivated it. The provisions were expanded under the Kinkaid Act... | how much land did the Homestead Act allow a person to claim? | how much land did the Homestead Act allow a person to claim? | [
"how much land did the Homestead Act allow a person to claim?"
] | {
"text": [
"up to 160 acres"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71803 | 5acf573d77cf76001a684bb5 | Capacitor | When there is a potential difference across the conductors (e.g., when a capacitor is attached across a battery), an electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge +Q to collect on one plate and negative charge −Q to collect on the other plate. If a battery has been attached to a capacitor for a... | Under what condition does a displacement current never flow in a capacitor? | Under what condition does a displacement current never flow in a capacitor? | [
"Under what condition does a displacement current never flow in a capacitor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13909 | 5a834bdae60761001a2eb532 | BBC_Television | BBC TV was renamed BBC1 in 1964, after the launch of BBC2 (now BBC Two), the third television station (ITV was the second) for the UK; its remit, to provide more niche programming. The channel was due to launch on 20 April 1964, but was put off the air by a massive power failure that affected much of London, caused by ... | What was discovered in 2003 by an ITV technician? | What was discovered in 2003 by an ITV technician? | [
"What was discovered in 2003 by an ITV technician?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12155 | 5ad155de645df0001a2d17e4 | Universal_Studios | At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971). Though neither could claim to be a big ... | What year did May of the Thousand Days come out? | What year did May of the Thousand Days come out? | [
"What year did May of the Thousand Days come out?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12211 | 5ad1629f645df0001a2d194c | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde.... | What company did Viacom acquire in 2005? | What company did Viacom acquire in 2005? | [
"What company did Viacom acquire in 2005?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17653 | 5ad22be1d7d075001a42860b | Spectre_(2015_film) | In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the ... | In February 2005, how many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence? | In February 2005, how many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence? | [
"In February 2005, how many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92161 | 5a4fdb9faf0d07001ae8cc61 | Asthma | Many environmental factors have been associated with asthma's development and exacerbation including allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals. Smoking during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms. Low air quality from factors such as traffic pollution ... | Exposure to what compounds can also trigger early delivery when pregnant? | Exposure to what compounds can also trigger early delivery when pregnant? | [
"Exposure to what compounds can also trigger early delivery when pregnant?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40948 | 5a6bc2004eec6b001a80a598 | Predation | The act of predation can be broken down into a maximum of four stages: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption. The relationship between predator and prey is one that is typically beneficial to the predator, and detrimental to the prey species. Sometimes, however, predation has indirect benefits to t... | How many categories can prey be divided into? | How many categories can prey be divided into? | [
"How many categories can prey be divided into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5700 | 5706afdf2eaba6190074ac27 | House_music | The tour in March 1987[citation needed] of Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour boosted house in the UK. Following the number-one success of MARRS' "Pump Up The Volume" in October, the years 1987 to 1989 also saw UK acts such as The Beatmasters, Krush, Coldcut, Yazz, Bomb Th... | when did the DJ International Tour take place? | when did the DJ International Tour take place? | [
"when did the DJ International Tour take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 1987"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59615 | 5726bec2dd62a815002e8f37 | Electric_motor | Nothing in the principle of any of the motors described above requires that the iron (steel) portions of the rotor actually rotate. If the soft magnetic material of the rotor is made in the form of a cylinder, then (except for the effect of hysteresis) torque is exerted only on the windings of the electromagnets. Takin... | What is absent in a coreless DC motor? | What is absent in a coreless DC motor? | [
"What is absent in a coreless DC motor?"
] | {
"text": [
"iron core"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88603 | 56db6ae2e7c41114004b50be | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countr... | What areas are involved in the dispute between Vietnam and China? | What areas are involved in the dispute between Vietnam and China? | [
"What areas are involved in the dispute between Vietnam and China?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Spratly and Paracel Islands"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110589 | 572678caf1498d1400e8e0dd | Professional_wrestling | With its growing popularity, professional wrestling has attracted attention as a subject of serious academic study and journalistic criticism. Many courses, theses, essays, and dissertations have analyzed wrestling's conventions, content, and its role in modern society. It is often included as part of studies on theatr... | What areas of study is wrestling talked about in? | What areas of study is wrestling talked about in? | [
"What areas of study is wrestling talked about in?"
] | {
"text": [
"theatre, sociology, performance, and media"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15506 | 5706e4d990286e26004fc728 | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done? | What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done? | [
"What has the reappropriation of the word \"black\" done?"
] | {
"text": [
"resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture,"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71017 | 5acf4c0577cf76001a684b46 | University_of_Kansas | The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses. KU features the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, which includes the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration; and the schools of Architecture, Design & Planning; Business; Education; Engineering; Health P... | How many campuses aren't run by KU? | How many campuses aren't run by KU? | [
"How many campuses aren't run by KU?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78918 | 56cd8f4b62d2951400fa6711 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The artificial intelligence (AI) of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than that of enemies in The Wind Waker. Enemies react to defeated companions and to arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by, and can detect Link from a greater distance than was possible in previous games. | What do enemies do to defeated companions? | What do enemies do to defeated companions? | [
"What do enemies do to defeated companions?"
] | {
"text": [
"react"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35727 | 5a4861e784b8a4001a7e7863 | Imperial_College_London | The Centre For Co-Curricular Studies provides elective subjects and language courses outside the field of science for students in the other faculties and departments. Students are encouraged to take these classes either for credit or in their own time, and in some departments this is mandatory. Courses exist in a wide ... | What language studies are required for students? | What language studies are required for students? | [
"What language studies are required for students?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4586 | 5a6109d3e9e1cc001a33ce60 | Pope_John_XXIII | John XXIII was an advocate for human rights which included the unborn and the elderly. He wrote about human rights in his Pacem in terris. He wrote, "Man has the right to live. He has the right to bodily integrity and to the means necessary for the proper development of life, particularly food, clothing, shelter, medic... | What did widows advocate for? | What did widows advocate for? | [
"What did widows advocate for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96465 | 572907f7af94a219006a9fa1 | Paris | After a tentative creation of several smaller suburban cemeteries, the Prefect Nicholas Frochot under Napoleon Bonaparte provided a more definitive solution in the creation of three massive Parisian cemeteries outside the city limits. Open from 1804, these were the cemeteries of Père Lachaise, Montmartre, Montparnasse,... | What is the largest of the cemeteries created in the 20th centuries? | What is the largest of the cemeteries created in the 20th centuries? | [
"What is the largest of the cemeteries created in the 20th centuries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cimetière parisien de Saint-Ouen"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18385 | 570e36da0b85d914000d7d82 | Eritrea | Football and cycling are the most popular sports in Eritrea. In recent years, Eritrean athletes have also seen increasing success in the international arena. Zersenay Tadese, an Eritrean athlete, currently holds the world record in half marathon distance running. The Tour of Eritrea, a multi-stage international cycling... | What world record is held by Eritrean athlete Zersenay Tadese? | What world record is held by Eritrean athlete Zersenay Tadese? | [
"What world record is held by Eritrean athlete Zersenay Tadese?"
] | {
"text": [
"half marathon distance running"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54239 | 5ad3ede0604f3c001a3ff7bd | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory. | What do non-Canadian Rangers perform? | What do non-Canadian Rangers perform? | [
"What do non-Canadian Rangers perform?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25435 | 5acfa4f277cf76001a6856e4 | Namibia | A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observer... | When had SWAPO members been exiled? | When had SWAPO members been exiled? | [
"When had SWAPO members been exiled?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14375 | 572eeba7cb0c0d14000f167b | Han_dynasty | Each successive rank gave its holder greater pensions and legal privileges. The highest rank, of full marquess, came with a state pension and a territorial fiefdom. Holders of the rank immediately below, that of ordinary marquess, received a pension, but had no territorial rule. Officials who served in government belon... | What was considered to be more important to some than serving the local government? | What was considered to be more important to some than serving the local government? | [
"What was considered to be more important to some than serving the local government?"
] | {
"text": [
"cultivation of morally grounded personal relationships"
],
"answer_start": [
838
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102162 | 56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b19 | High-definition_television | Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the m... | What year did color broadcasts start in the US? | What year did color broadcasts start in the US? | [
"What year did color broadcasts start in the US?"
] | {
"text": [
"1953,"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69127 | 570942b39928a814004714ee | Houston | One wave of the population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. There was a cutback in some activities for a period. In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the ... | In what year did the space shuttle Challenger explode after launch? | In what year did the space shuttle Challenger explode after launch? | [
"In what year did the space shuttle Challenger explode after launch?"
] | {
"text": [
"1986"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96341 | 5728f603af94a219006a9e74 | Paris | The music hall and cabaret are famous Paris institutions. The Moulin Rouge was opened in 1889. It was highly visible because of its large red imitation windmill on its roof, and became the birthplace of the dance known as the French Cancan. It helped make famous the singers Mistinguett and Édith Piaf and the painter To... | What dance was created at the Moulin Rouge? | What dance was created at the Moulin Rouge? | [
"What dance was created at the Moulin Rouge?"
] | {
"text": [
"French Cancan"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67802 | 5726c96bdd62a815002e9038 | Norfolk_Island | There are no railways, waterways, ports or harbours on the island. Loading jetties are located at Kingston and Cascade, but ships cannot get close to either of them. When a supply ship arrives, it is emptied by whaleboats towed by launches, five tonnes at a time. Which jetty is used depends on the prevailing weather on... | Who can usually be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island? | Who can usually be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island? | [
"Who can usually be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island?"
] | {
"text": [
"Visitors"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-133 | 56f8dcd39b226e1400dd1130 | Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on agriculture; fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts are its major exports. | How much of the population lives below the poverty line? | How much of the population lives below the poverty line? | [
"How much of the population lives below the poverty line?"
] | {
"text": [
"More than two-thirds"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20485 | 56cc55fa6d243a140015ef15 | IPod | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product? | What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product? | [
"What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product?"
] | {
"text": [
"2 GB"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
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